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n mn hc Khoa in-in t

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Li ni u

Ngay nay, trang bi din kt hop voi vi diu khin d va dang dng 1 vai
tr rt quan trong trong qu trnh cng nghip ho dt nuoc. Su ung dung
cua trang bi din kt hop voi vi diu khin trong cc h thng truyn dng
din la rt lon boi su nho gon cua cc linh kin va dng ngn ngn ngu lp
trnh d c th d dang tu dng ho cho cc qu trnh san xut. Cc h thng
truyn dng diu khin boi cc linh kin va ngn ngu lp trnh dem lai hiu
sut caova giam suc lao dng cua con nguoi. Kch thuoc, din tch lp dt
giam di rt nhiu so voi cc h truyn dng thng thuong nhu: khuch dai tu,
my pht - dng co ...
Xut pht tu yu cu thuc t d, trong ni dung mn hoc trang bi din va
vi
khi"n ng c ( ng c buc). Voi su huong dn cua Thy: Trn
Quang Ph, chng em d tin hanh nghin cuu va thit k d tai.
Trong qu trnh thuc hin d tai do kha nng va kin thuc thuc t c han
nn khng th trnh khoi sai st, knh mong thy c dng gp kin d d
tai hoan thin hon.
Chng em xin trn thanh cam on.
Nhm sinh vin thuc hin



NHN XT CA GIO VIN :
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Hung Yn , ngay....thng 06 nm 2009
Gio vin h.ng dn

JC LJC


ACUYEA DC KHAAH Page%



!HAN I: CO SO L THUYET CHUNG VE DNG CO BUC

1.1 Khi nim chung v cc ng d$ng c$a ng c buc
1.1.1 khi nim v ng c buc
VFng c b-c thc cht l mFt Fng c ng bF dng bin i cc
tn hiu iu khin d-i dng cc xung in ri rc k tip nhau thnh cc
chuyn Fng gc quay hoc chuyn Fng ca rbt v c kh nng c
nh rto vo nhng v tr cn thit
1.1.2 Cc ng d$ng c$a ng c buc
VFng c b-c ngy cng -c s dng rFng ri trong cc h truyn Fng
ri rc v nhng -u im ni bt ca chng v k thut iu khin s
mi ngy mFt thm hon thin . VFng c b-c th-ng -c ng dng trong
cc h truyn Fng nh- : iu khin c cng mm my vi tnh v
my in trong h my tnh ; iu khin r bt; iu khin tiu c trong cc
h quang hc; iu khin nh v trong cc h quang khc phc tp ;
iu khin bt , bm mc tiu trong cc kh ti quan st; iu khin lp
trnh trong cc thit b gia cng ,ct gt ; iu khin cc c cu li
ph-ng v chiu trong my bay .Trong i vi cc h truyn Fng m
khi dng cn c mmen gi th Fng c b-c l cc ph hp .V d iu
khin li ph-ng v h-ng my bay, c cu quay h phng tn la khi dng
phng i hi phi c gia tc bng khng.

1.2 Cu to ca ng c b-c

VFng c b-c c th coi l tng hp ca 2 loi Fng c : Fng c mFt
chiu khng tip xc v Fng c ng bF gim tc cng sut nh .


Trong khi Fng c mFt chiu khng tip xc c rto th-ng l mFt nam
chm vnh cu ( s i cc 2p =2 ) v cn c mFt cm bin v tr rto
( thc hin chc nng to ra tn hiu iu khin nhm xc nh thi
im v th t i chiu ) th Fng c b-c c rto dng cc li gm
nhiu dng cch u cu thnh cc cp nam chm N-S xen k nhau
to ra s cp cc 2p ln hn v khng cn phi c bF cm bin v tr rto
Nh cm bin v tr rto , c th iu khin dng mFt chiu vo cc
cuFn dy stato c t tr-ng quay lin tc nn Fng c mFt chiu khng
tip xc quay lin tc . Vi vi Fng c b-c , v t tr-ng quay khng lin
tc do cc xung in cp vo ri rc nn rto khng theo cc b-c .
Cng ging nh- Fng c ng bF gim tc cng sut nh Fng c b-c
c cc bi dy to thnh cc pha trn stato khi phi hp dao Fng trong cc
dy qun stato -c chiu quay mong mun ng thi trn c rto v stato
u c cc rng to thnh cc cp cc v cc nam chm in . Nh-ng
Fng c ng bF gim tc c cc cuFn kch thch v cn c dng in
kch thch khi Fng , cn Fng c b-c khng cn yu t ny . Mt
khc trn stato ca Fng c ng bF gimg tc , ngoi cuFn dy ph (
kch thch ) th cuFn dy c chnh th-ng l 3 pha hoc 2 pha -c
nui bng ngun xoay chiu to ra t tr-ng quay lin tc vi vn tc gc w .
V vy sau khi hon thnh vic khi Fng rto quay vi vn tc ng bF (
nh hn vn tc ca t- tr-ng quay ) trong khi stato ca Fng c b-c
ch c 1 loi cuFn dy pha v c vai tr nh- nhau .
Theo mFt ph-ng din khc , c th coi Fng c b-c l linh kin (hay
dng c ) s ( digital divice ) m c thng tin s ho thit lp s
-c chuyn thnh chuyn Fng quay theo tng b-c . Fng c b-c s thc
hin trung thnh cc lnh s ho m my tinh yu cu (xem hinh 1)

MFt xung bng mFt b-c s xung bng s b-c


Hnh1
1.3 Cc mch iu khiOn ng c b-c
1.3.1 Phn loi ng c b-c
V tng s b-c ca Fng c (tng F phn gii v gc ) theo cng
thc cn phi tng s l-ng cuFn dy pha m v tng s cp cc p .
Vic tng s l-ng bi dy m trn stato gp nhiu kh khn do hn ch
v kch th-c ca stato v nhng tr ngi khi gp bF pin dy qun na h
ca stato , ng thi khi s pha m ln th mch iu khin cng phc tp
hn . Do ng-i ta th-ng lm cc Fng c vi s l-ng pha m nh l 2
pha ,4pha, 5 pha .
Vic tng s b-c ca Fng c cui cng -c gii quyt bng tng s
cp cc rto . Rto Fng c b-c to thnh nhiu cp cc -c ch to t
vt liu k thut c bit c F t ho cao v chu -c m men ti ln ,
v chnh rto l bF phn chu ti c kh thng qua ti trng ca n .
Ng-i ta th-ng ch to cc loi Fng c b-c c cc gc trong khong
0,45
0
15
0
tu theo mc ch s dng trong thng dng nht trn th
tr-ng hin nay l loi Fng c c gc b-c 1,8 F ( ng vi 200 b-c trong
mFt vng quay 360 F ) .
- VFng c b-c c 4 loi chnh

1.ng c b-c c t tr thay i



Hinh 1.1

Nu motor ca bn c 3 cuFn dy, -c kt ni nh- hnh 1.1 , vi mFt
u ni chung cho tt c cc cuFn , th n chc hn l Fng c bin t
tr . khi s dng , dy ni chung (c ) th-ng -c ni vo cc d-ng ca
ngun v cc cuFn -c kch theo th t lin tc .

Du thp trong hinh 1.1 l rto ca Fng c bin t tr quay 30 F
mi b-c. Rto trong Fng c ny c 4 rng v stato c 6 cc , mi cuFn
qun quanh 2 cc i din . khi cuFn 1 -c kch thch , rng X ca rto
-c ht vo cuFn 1 . Nu dng qua cuFn 1 b ngt v ng qua cuFn 2 ,
rto s quay 30 F theo chiu kim ng h v rng Y s ht vao cuFn 2 .

V quay Fng c ny mFt cch lin tc , chng ta cn cp in lin
tc lun phin cho 3 cuFn dy . Theo lgic t ra , trong bng d-i y c
mFt ngha l c dng in i qua cc cuFn , v chui iu khin sau s
quay Fng c theo chiu kim ng h 24 bc hoc 2 vng .

CuFn 1 1001001001001001001001001
CuFn 2 0100100100100100100100100
CuFn 3 0010010010010010010010010

Thi gian


Hnh dng Fng c -c m t nh- hnh 1.1 , quay 30 F mi b-c ,
dng s rng rtor ti thiu. S dng nhiu cc v nhiu rng hn cho
php Fng c vi gc nh hn . To mt rng trn b mt cc cc v cc
rng trn rtor mFt cch ph hp cho php cc b-c nh ti vi F .

2 : ng c b-c n cc
VFng c b-c n cc, c nam chm vnh cu v Fng c hn hp , vi 5;
6 hoc 8 dy ra th-ng c s nh- hnh 1.2

Hinh 1.2

Vi mFt u ni trung tm trn cc cuFn . Khi dng , cc u ni trung
tm -c ni vo cc d-ng ngun cp , v hai u cn li ca mi mu
ln l-t ni t o chiu t tr-ng to bi cuFn dy .

Mu 1 nm cc trn v d-i ca stato , cn mu 2 nm cc bn phi
v bn tri ca Fng c . Rotor l 1 Fng c vnh cu vi 6 cc 3 cc nam
v 3 cc bc , xp xen k trn vng trn .

V s l gc b-c mc F cao hn , rtor phi c nhiu cc i xng
hn . Fng c 30 F mi b-c trong hnh l mFt trong nhng thit k Fng
c nam chm vnh cu thng dng nht , mc d Fng c c b-c 15 F
v 7,5 F l kh ln . Ng-i ta cng to ra -c Fng c nam chm vnh


cu vi mi b-c l 1.8 F v mi Fng c hn hp mi b-c nh nht c th
t -c l 3.6 F n 1.8 F , cn tt hn na c th t ti 0.72 F .
Nh- trong hnh , dng in i qua t u trung tm ca mu 1 n
u a to ra cc bc trong stato trong khi cc cn li ca stato k cc
nam . Nu in mu 1 b ngt v kch mu 2 , rotor s quay 30 F ,
hay 1 b-c . V quay Fng c mFt cch lin tc , chng ta ch cn p in
vo 2 mu ca Fng c theo dy .
Mu 1a 10001000100010001 Mu 1a 110011001100110011001
Mu 1b 00100010001000100 Mu 1b 001100110011001100110

Mu 2a 01000100010001000 Mu 2a 011001100110011001100
Mu 2b 00010001000100010 Mu 2b 100110011001100110011
Thi gian thi gian

Nh rng hai na ca mFt mu khng bao gi -c kch thch cng mFt
lc . C hai dy nu trn s quay mFt nam chm vnh cu mFt b-c mi
thi im . Dy bn tri ch cp in cho mFt mu ti mFt thi im , nh-
m t nh- hnh trn . V vy n dng t nng l-ng hn . Dy bn phi i
hi cp in cho c hai mu mFt lc v ni chung s to ra mFt mmen
xoy ln hn dy bn tri 1,4 ln trong khi phi cp in gp 2 ln .
V tr b-c -c to ra bi hai chui trn khng ging nhau , kt qu
kt hp 2 chui trn cho php iu khin na b-c , vi vic dng Fng c
mFt cch ln l-t ti nhng v tr nu mFt trong hai dy trn . kt hp nh-
sau :

Mu 1a : 1100000111000001110000011100000
Mu 1b : 0001110000011100000111000001110
Mu 2a : 0111000001110000011100000111000
Mu 2b : 0000011100000111000001110000011
Thi gian

: ng c b-c 2 cc
VFng c nam chm vnh cu hoc hn hp hai cc c cu trc c kh
ging y nh- Fng c n cc , nh-ng hai mu c Fng c -c ni n
gin hn , khng c u trung tm . V vy , bn thn Fng c th n
gin hn , nh-ng mch iu khin o cc mi cp cc trong Fng


c li phc tp hn . Minh ho hnh 1.3 ch r cch ni Fng c , trong khi
phn rotor y ging nh- hnh 1.2

Hnh 1.3

Mch iu khin cho Fng c i hi mFt mch iu khin cu H cho
mi mu . MFt cu H cho php cc ca ngun p n mi u ca mu
-c iu khin mFt cch Fc lp . Mi dy iu khin mi b-c n ca
Fng c ny -c nu bn d-i , dng + v - i din cho cc cc ca
ngun p v mi u ca Fng c :

Vu 1a + - - - + - - - + - - - + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - -
Vu 1b - - + - - - + - - - + - - - + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + +
Vu 2a - + - - - + - - - + - - - + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + -
Vu 2b - - - + - - - + - - - + - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - +
Thi gian

V phn bit mFt ng c nam chm vnh cu 2 cc vi Fng c 4 y
bin t tr , o in tr gia cc cp dy . Ch l mFt Fng c nam
chm vnh cu c 4 vu Fc lp , -c xp thnh 2 bF . Trong mi bF
nu 2 mu -c ghp ni tip vi nhau , th l Fng c hai cc in
th cao. Nu chng -c ni song song , th l Fng c hai cc dng
in th thp . Nu chng -c ni tip vi mFt u trung tm , th dng
Fng c n cc in th thp .


4 : ng c b-c nhiu pha

Hnh 1.4

MFt bF phn cc Fng c khng -c ph bin nh- cc loi trn l
Fng c nam chm vnh cu m cc cuFn -c qun ni tip nh- mFt
vng kn hnh 1.4 . Thit k ph bin nht i vi loi ny s dng dy
ni 3 pha v 5 pha . BF iu khin cn 1/2 cu H cho mi mFt u ra
ca Fng c , nh-ng nhng ng c ny c th cung cp m men xoy ln
hn so vi cc loi ng c b-c khc cng kch th-c . mFt vi Fng c 5
pha c th x l cp cao c -c b-c 0.72 F (500 b-c mi vng ) Vi
mFt Fng c 5 pha nh- trn v quay 10 b-c mi vng b-c , nh- trnh by
d-i y :

Vu 1 : + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + +
Vu 2 : - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + +
Vu 3 : + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - -
Vu 4 : + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - -+ + +
Vu 5 : - - - - + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - -

Thi gian

y ging nh- trong tr-ng hp Fng c hai cc , mi u -c ni
vo cc d-ng hoc cc m ca h thng cp in Fng c . ch rng


ti mi b-c , ch c mFt u thay i cc . S thay i ny lm ngt
in mFt mu vo u (bi v c hai u ca mu c cng in
cc ) v in p vo mFt mu ang trong trng thi ngh tr-c . Hnh
dng ca Fng c -c ngh nh- hnh 1.4 , dy iu khin Fng c
quay hai vng .

V phn bit Fng c 5 pha vi Fng c c 5 dy dn chnh , cn
nh rng , nu in tr gia hai u lin tip ca Fng c 5 pha l R , th
in tr gia hai u khng lin tip s l 1.5R .

V cng cn ghi nhn rng mFt vi Fng c 5 pha c 5 mu chia , vi
10 u dy dn chnh . Nhng dy ny c th ni thnh hnh sao nh-
hnh minh ho trn , s dng mch iu khin gm 5 na cu H , ni cch
khc mi mu c th -c iu khin bi mFt vng cu H y ca n
. V trnh -c tnh ton l thuyt vi cc linh kin in t , c th dng
mch chp dng mch cu tch hp y tnh ton gn ng .

1.3.2 Cc mch iu khiOn ng c b-c

1 : iu khin ng c bin t tr

BF iu khin in hnh ca Fng c b-c bin t tr da trn nguyn
tc nh- :

Hnh : 3.1



Trn hnh 3.1 , cc hFp k hiu cho cng tc , bF iu khin ( controller
khng th hin trn hnh ) chu trch nhim cung cp tn hiu iu
khin ng m cng tc ti tng thi im thch hp quay ng c ,
trong tr-ng hp chng ta phi thit k bF iu khin , c th l mFt my
in hoc l mFt mch iu khin giao tip lp trnh -c , vi phn mm
trc tip pht tn hiu iu khin ng m , nh-ng trong mFt s tr-ng
hp khc mch in iu khin -c thit k km theo ng c , v i
khi -c cho min ph .

CuFn dy, li solenoid ca ng c hoc cc chi tit t-ng t u l
cc ti cm ng . Nh- vy dng in qua cuFn dy khng th ng ngt
tc thi m khng lm p tng vt Ft ngFt . khi cng tc iu khin Fng
c ng , cho dng in i qua , lm dng in tng chm . khi cng tc
m , s tng mnh in p c th lm h- cng tc tr khi ta bit gii quyt
thch hp .

C hai cch c bn s l tng in p ny, l mc song song vi
cuFn dy mFt it hoc mFt t in. hnh 3.2 minh ho 2 cch ny :

Hnh 3.2

Vit trn hnh 3.2 phi c kh nng dn ton bF dng in qua cuFn
dy, nh-ng n ch dn mi khi cng tc m, khi dng in khng cn


qua cuFn dy. Nu ta s dng it tc dng t-ng i chm nh- h
1N400X chung vi mch chuyn tc dng nhanh th cn phi mc song
song vi it mFt t in. T in trn hnh 3.2 dn n vn thit
k phc tp hn. khi cng tc ng, t in s x in qua cng tc
xung t , do cng tc phi chu dng in x ny. MFt t in
mc ni tip vi t in hoc vi ngun s gii hn dng in ny . Khi
cng tc m nng l-ng tch lu trong cuFn dy s np vo t in cho
n khi in p v-t qu p cung cp v cng tc cng phi chu -c
in p ny. V tnh in dung t, ta ng nht hai cng thc tnh nng
l-ng tch tr trong mch cFng h-ng :

P = CV
2
/2
P = L
2
/2
Trong :
- P : nng l-ng tch lu ( W
s
) hay ( CV )
- C : in dung ( F)
- V : in p hai u t
- L : F t cm ca cuFn dy (H )
- : dng in qua cuFn dy
Ta tnh kch th-c nh nht t in trnh qu p trn cng tc theo
cng thc :

C > L
2
/ ( V
b
V
S
)
2

Trong :
- V
b
: in p nh thng mch chuyn
- V
S
: in p cung cp

VFng c t tr bin thin c F t cm thay i tu thuFc vo gc ca
trc. Do , tr-ng hp xu nht dng la chn t in. Hn na F t
cm ca Fng c th-ng t -c ghi r, nn chng ta phi lm vy .



T in v cuFn dy kt ni vi nhau to thnh mFt mch cFng h-ng.
Nu h iu khin cho Fng c quay tn s gn vi tn s cFng h-ng
ny, dng in qua cuFn dy, ko theo mmen xon do Fng c sinh ra,
s rt khc so vi momen xon iu kin n nh vi in p vn hnh
danh ngha. Tn s cFng h-ng l :
F = 1/ (2 ( LR )
.5
)
MFt ln na tn s cFng h-ng in ca Fng c t bin tr bin
thin li ph thuFc vo gc ca trc . khi Fng c ny hot Fng vi xung
kch gn cFng h-ng dng in dao Fng trong cuFn dy s to ra mFt t
tr-ng bng khng ti hai ln tn s cFng h-ng , iu ny c th lm
gim momen xon i rt nhiu .

2 : ch iu khin ng c hn hp v nam chm vnh cu n
cc

BF iu khin hnh ca Fng c b-c n cc thay i theo s
hnh 3.3

Hnh 3.3
Trn hnh 3.3, cng nh- hnh 3.1, hFp biu din cc cng tc v mFt
bF iu khin ( khng th hin trn hnh ) chu trch nhim cung cp
tn hiu iu khin ng m cng tc vo thi im thch hp quay
Fng c . bF iu khin th-ng l my tnh hay mFt mch iu khin lp
trnh -c , vi phn mn trc tip pht sinh ra tn hiu cn thit
iu khin cng tc .


Cng nh- mch dn Fng ca Fng c bin t tr , chng ta phi gii
quyt s thay i F t cm bt ng khi cng tc h . MFt ln na ta c
th chuyn s thay i ny bng cch dng diot , nh-ng by gi ta phi
dng 4 it nh- hnh 3.4 :

Hnh 3.4

Ta cn thm vo it v cuFn dy ca Fng c khng phi l 2 cuFn
dy Fc lp m l mFt cuFn center-tapped n gin vi tap gia c in
p c nh . Chng hot Fng nh- mFt bF t chuyn i . khi mFt u
ca cuFn dy b ko xung u kia s b y ln v ng-c li . khi mFt
cng tc h , F t cm kichback s lm u bn ca Fng c ni vi
ngun d-ng v b kp bi cc it . Vu bn kia b y ln v nu n
khng t -c in p cung cp cng lc thi s xung d-i mc khng , o
chiu in p qua cng tc u . MFt vi cng tc c th chu
-c s o chiu nh- vy khng nhng cng tc khc s b h- .

MFt t in c th -c dng d gii hn in p kichback nh- hnh
3.5


Hnh 3.5

Ging nh- nhng quy tc tnh kch th-c t in trn hnh 3.5 cng
ging nh- nhng qui tc tnh kch th-c t in trn hnh 3.2 nh-ng hiu
ng cFng h-ng rt khc . Vi mFt Fng c nam chm vnh cu nu t
in hot Fng gn hay bng tn s cFng h-ng , momen xong s tng
gp 2 ln mmen xon vn tc thp . V-ng cong mmen xon theo
vn tc s rt phc tp nh- hnh 3.6



Hnh 3.6

Hnh 3.6 cho thy ti tn s cFng h-ng in , mmen xon s vt ln
v ti tn s cFng h-ng c , mmen li st nhanh . Nu tn s cFng h-ng
in ln hn vn tc ti hn ca Fng c s dng mch dn Fng dng it
mFt mc no th hiu ng ny s lm vn tc ti hn ra tng ng k .
Tn s cFng h-ng c hc ph thuFc vo mmen xon , v vy nu
tn s ny gn vi tn s cFng h-ng in , tn s cFng h-ng in s
lm n thay i . Hn na , F rFng ca s cFng h-ng c hc ph thuFc
F dc cc bF ca -ng cong momen xon theo vn tc . Nu momen
xon gim theo vn tc , cng h-ng s rt dc , cn nu momen xon
tng theo vn tc , cng h-ng s rFng ra thm ch c th tch ra thnh
nhiu tn s cFng h-ng khc nhau .

: ch iu khin ng c n cc v bin t tr

Trong cc mch in phn trn , chng ta khng quan tm n cc
cng tc v cc tn hiu iu khin . bt k k thut ng ngt no t
cu dao n MOSFETS cng u dng -c ht . hnh 3.7 l mFt vi
cch mc cho mi loi cng tc , bao gm c cuFn dy ca Fng c v
it bo v phc v cho mc ch ng ngt k trn :

Hnh .7



Mi cng tc hnh 3.7 u t-ng thch vi u vo TTL . ngun 5V s
dng cho mch logic , bao gm open- collector driver 7407 nh- hnh trn
ngun in cho Fng c , th-ng t 5V- 12V , khng cn F chnh xc
cao . Ta cn ch rng cc mch ng ngt cc ngun ny phi thch hp
cho vic n Fng cc cuFn dy , Fng c DC , cc ti cm ng khc v
c Fng c b-c .

Transistor SK3180 trn hnh 3.7 l mFt mch darlington cng sut c
F li dng hn 1000, do dng 10mA qua in tr hiu chnh 470
s ln qua transistor iu chnh dng vi A qua cuFn dy ca
Fng c . bF m 7407 dng iu khin darlington -c thay th bi bt
k con chp open- conlector in th cao no m n c th iu khin
mc ti thiu 10mA . Ngay c trong tr-ng hp transistor b hng , open-
conlector ny s gip bo v phn cn li ca mch logic khi ngun ca
Fng c .
RC RL540 trn hnh 3.7 l mFt power field effect transistor n c
th chu -c dng in ln ti 20A v n b nh thng 100V , do
con chp ny c th hp thu nh nhn ca F t cm m khng cn
iot bo v nu n -c gn vi mFt bF tn nhit ln . Transistor ny c
thi gian ng ngt rt nhanh nn cc iot bo v cng phi nhanh
t-ng ng hoc -c chia nh bi cc t in . iu ny c bit cn
thit cho cc iot bo v transistor chng li phn cc ng-c . Trong tr-ng
hp transistor b hng , iot Zener v in tr 100 s bo v mch TTL .
in tr 100 cn ng vai tr lm chm thi gian ng m ca
transistor .

Vi vi nhng ng dng m mi cuFn dy ca Fng c dn dng nh
hn 500mA, mch darlington h ULN200x cAllegro Microsystems hoc
h DS200x ca National semiconductor hay MC1413 ca motorola s dn
Fngcho cuFn dy hoc cc ti cm ng khc trc tip t tn hiu vo
logic . hnh 3.8 l cc ng vo v ng ra ca chp ULN2003 , dy 7
transistor darlington :



Hnh 3.8

Vin tr nn trn mi transistor darlington phi ph hp vi tn hiu ra
TTL l-ng cc chun , cc pht ca mi darlington NPN -c ni vi 8 chn ,
l chn ni t . Mi transistor -c bo v bng 2 iot , mFt ni gia cc
pht v cc thu bo v transistor khi in p ng-c , mFt ni cc thu
vi chn 9 , nu chn 9 ni vi ngun ca Fng c th iot ny s bo v
transistor khi nh nhn ca F t cm .

Chp ULN2803 cng ging nh- chp ULN2003 m t trn nh-ng n c
18 chn v 8 darlington cho php 1 chip c th dn Fng cho mFt cp
Fng c t tr bin thin hoc nam chm vnh cu n cc .

Vi vi Fng c m mi cuFn dy dn dng nh hn 600mA , mch dn
Fng quad UDN2547B ca Allegro Microsystems s iu khin c 4 cuFn
dy ca Fng c b-c n cc chung . Nu dn dng nh hn 300mA , ta
nn chn mch dn Fng kp SN7451, 7452 v 7453 ca texas
nstruments , c 3 loi ny u bao gm mFt vi mch lgic cng vi mch
dn Fng .

4 : ch iu khin ng c hai cc v mch cu H



Mi th tr nn phc tp hn vi Fng c b-c nam chm vnh cu
l-ng cc v khng c u ni chung nn cc cuFn dy , v th o
chiu t tr-ng sinh ra bi cuFn dy ta phi o chiu dng in qua
cuFn dy . Ta c th dng mi cng tc kp 2 cc lm cFng vic ny
, mch in t-ng -ng ca mFt cng tc nh- vy -c gi l cu H v
-c m t trn hnh 3.9 :

Hnh 3.9

Cng nh- vi mch dn Fng dn cc cp trn , cc cng tc s
dng trong cu H phi -c bo v bi s vt in p khi ngt dng in
trong cuFn dy. ta phi s dng iot cho tr-ng hp ny .

Cn ch rng cu H c th p dng khng ch iu khin Fng
c b-c l-ng cc m cn iu khin Fng c DC , ht nh li solenoid
(trong pittong nam chm vnh cu ) v nhiu ng dng khc .

Vi 4 cng tc cu H cho ra t hFp 16 mode hot Fng . Trong c 7
mode lm ngn mch ngun . cc mode sau y th-ng -c d dng :
Mode thun : cc cng tc A v D ng
Mode ng-c : cc cng tc Bv C ng


Cc mode ny cho php dng in i t ngun qua cuFn dy Fng c
v t . hnh 3.10 m t mode thun :

Hnh 3.10
Mode suy gim nhanh hay mode tr-t : tt c cc cng tc u m
Bt k dng in no qua cuFn dy s chng li in p ngun , gy st
p trn iot nn dng in s b suy gim nhanh , mode ny khng tao ra
hoc to ra rt t hiu ng hm Fng ln rto ca Fng c , do rto s
quay t do ( tr-t ) nn tt c cc cuFn dy -c cp ngun theo mode ny .
Hnh 3.11 minh ho dng in ngay sau khi chuyn t mode thun
sang mode suy gim nhanh

Hnh 3.11

Mode suy gim chm hay mode hm Fng lc :
Trong mode ny dng in c th chy vng li qua cuFn dy ca
Fng c vi in tr nh nht . nh c dng n chy qua cuFn dy


mFt trong hai mode ny s suy gim chm , v nu rto ang quay , n s
sinh ra mFt dng in cm ng c vai tr nh- mFt ci hm rto . hnh 3.12
minh ho mFt trong nhiu mode suy gim chm C ch , vi cng tc D
ng , nu cuFn dy mi va mode thun th cng tc B c th ng
hoc m :

Hnh 3.12

Hu ht cc H -c thit k sao cho c mch logic dng phng nga
ngn mch nh-ng mc F rt thp trong thit k . hnh 3.13 minh ho
mFt thit k -c cho v tt nht :

Hnh 3.13

Vi thit k ny ta c cc mode iu khin sau :


XY ABCD MODE
00 0000 fast decay
01 1001 forward
10 0110 reverse
11 0101 slow decay
Li ch ca thit k ny l tt c cc mode iu khin c ch -c gi li
v chng -c m ho vi mFt s bt ti thiu - iu ny rt quan trng khi
d dng vi s l hay my tnh iu khin cu H v cc h thng nh-
vy ch c sn mFt s bt hu hn cng song song . Tuy nhin ch vi
con chp tch hp cu H c sn trn th tr-ng l c s iu khin
n gin .
5: ch iu khin ng c hai cc thc t

C mFt s driver tch hp cu H trn th tr-ng nh-ng vn cn xem s thc
thi tng thnh phn ri rc hiu mFt cu H lm vic nh- th no .
Antonioraposo ( ajr@cybill.inesc.pt ) ngh mch cu H nh- trn hnh
3.14

Hnh .14



Ng vo X, Y ca mch ny c th -c iu khin bi ng ra ca cng
gp in m TTL nh- trong mch iu khin n cc da trn darllington
trn hnh 3.7 cuFn dy ca Fng c s -c cung cp nng l-ng nu trong
hai tn hiu vo X,Y c mFt tn hiu on v mFt tn hiu off . nu c hai
u off , c hai transistor ko xung ( pull-down ) s tt . nu c hai u
cao , c hai transistor ko ln ( pull- up ) s tt . nh- vy , mch in n
gin ny t Fng c vo tnh trng hm Fng lc c trng thi 11 va 00
, khng th mode tr-t .

Mch in trn hnh 3.14 bao gm 2 na xc nh , mi na mFt m t
chnh xc nh- mFt mch ko y . Thut ng na cu H thnh thong
-c p dng cho nhng mch ny ! cn ch rng mFt na cu H c mch
rt ging mch iu khin ng ra dng trong mch logic TTL trong thc t ,
cc mch iu khin 3 trng thi TTL nh- 74LS125A v 74LS244 c th
-c dng nh- mFt na cu H i vi cc ti nh , nh- minh ho trn hnh
3.15 :

Hnh .15
Mch in ny c hiu qu i vi Fng c c in tr ti a 50 trn
mi cuFn v in p ti a 4.5V khi dng ngun 5V . Mi mch m 3 trng
thi trong LS244 c th dng nu in tr nFi ca bF m ln v dng
s -c chi u trn cc ng iu khin ( mc song song ) iu ny cho
php thit k mch iu khin ging nh- hnh 3.15 . V khi ch-a m ho
iu khin th chng ta c bng chn tr nh- d-i y :

XYE

Mode
-1 Fast decay
000 Slower decay
010 forward


Mode hm th hai , XYE = 110 hm h yu hn mode u tin XYE =
000 v LS244 ht dng nhiu hn .
Chp TC4467 4 cu ca hng Microchip l mFt th d khc ca cc
driver 4 na cu H . Khng ging nh- cc driver -c sn xut lc
datasheet ca n cung cp y c nhng ng dng iu khin v
ngun cp ln ti 18 V , v dng trn mi mu c th t ti 250mA.
MFt trong nhng vn ca cc chp iu khin Fng c b-c bn
sn l a s chng c tui th trn th tr-ng kh ngn . v d h
seagate pxMxx , mch cu ( t p1M10 n p3M12 ) -c thit k
rt tt nh-ng ch dng cho cc Fng c b-c nh v im u ca
a cng seagate mch dn Fng cu H Toshiba TA279 tt cho Fng c
d-i 1A nh-ng cng ch -c trong nFi hng m thi .
Cu H i L293 ca SGS Thompson ( v cc hiu khc ) ang cnh
tranh vi cc chp trn nh-ng n khng tch hp iot bo v . Chp L293D
s gii thiu sau c chn t-ng thch v c c iot bo v . Nu dng cc
L293 gn y mi cuFn dy ca Fng c phi t qua mFt cu chnh
l-u ( 1N4001 chng hn ) vic s dng cc diot bn ngoi cho phep ta t
mFt dy in tr trn -ng v ca dng y nhanh s suy gim dng
trong cuFn dy khi n b ngt c th trong mFt s ng dng ng-i ta
khng mong mun iu ny .h L293 c th dng iu khin cc
Fng c b-c l-ng cc nh ti a 1A / cuF v in p cp ln ti 36 V hnh
3.16 cho ta s chn ca chp L293b v L293d ;

100 reverse
110 Slow decay


hnh .16

Chp ny c th xem nh- 4 na cu H Fc lp, -c kch hot tng
cp, hoc hai cu H y . Vy l dng ng gi DP, vi chn 4, 5
,12 v 13 -c thit k truyn nhit cho bo mch in hoc tn
nhit ra ngoi.

Cu H i L298 ca SGS-Thompson ( v cc kiu khc ) cng ging
cc loi trn nh-ng c th chu -c ti a 2A/knh. Nh- vi LS244, c th
ni 2 cu H trong L298 to thnh mFt cu chu -c 4A ( xem datasheet
bit cch ni cu ny ). MFt iu cn l-u l chp L298 chuyn mch
rt nhanh, nhanh n ni cc dit bo v ( 1N400X ) khng lm vic -c.
Vy chng ta phi dng it BYV27 thay th. Cu n LMD18200 ca
National Semiconductor cng rt tt, c th chu -c dng 3A v c sn
cc dit bo v tch hp.

Trong khi cu H tch hp khng s dng -c cho dng hay p qu cao
th trn th tr-ng li c nhng loi linh kin -c thit k tt n gin
ho vic to cu H t cng tc ri rc. V d nternational Rectifier bn mFt
lot na cu H, hai trong s c thm 4 transistor ng ngt MOSFET
lm 1 cu H hon chnh. Con R2101, R2102, R2103 l cc mch
n Fng c bn ca na cu H.Con R2104 v R2111 mch logic bn
ngoi t-ng t iu khin cc cng tc c bn ca cu H, chng cng


c mch logic bn trong m trong mFt vi ng dng chng c th lm gim
thiu s phc tp phi thit k bF mch logic bn ngoi. C th con 2104
bao gm 1 ng vo enable nh 4 con chp 2104 cFng vi 8 transistor
ng ngt c th thay th 1 con L293 m khng cn thm mch logic
no.
MFt s nh sn xut cho ra i con chip cu H phc tp bao gm c
mch hn dng . Ta cng cn ch rng trn th tr-ng c mFt s loi cu
3 pha , dn Fng tt cho Fng c b-c nam chm vnh ca 3 pha cu
hnh Y hay delta. Tuy nhin Toshiba TA7288P, GL7438, TA8405 l nhng
thit k tt, hai trong s ny, nu b mFt trong 6 na cu H th chng ta
c th iu khin -c mFt Fng c 5 pha , 10 b-c/ vng.

CHNG II : VI XU L 89C51 V CC LINH KIJN DIJN TU
2.1 Cu to phn cng:
1.So d chn cua chp 89C51.


Loai chip 8051 ph bin trn thi truong hin nay la AT89C51/52/55
2.Tm tt phn cung:
- Port 0 (Chn 32-39).
- Port 1 (Chn 1-8).
- Port 2 (Chn 21-28).
- Port 3 (Chn 10-17).
- Reset (Chn 9):
Chn reset c tc dung reset cho chp, muc tch cuc cua chn nay la
muc 1 , d reset ta phai dua muc 1 (5v) dn chn nay voi thoi gian ti thiu 2
chu ky my ( tuong duong 2s tuong duong voi thach anh 12Mhz ).
Sau dy la mach reset.
- RxD :nhn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- TxD :truyn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- /NT0: ngt ngoai 0.
- /NT1: ngt ngoai 1.
- T0: chn vao 0 cua b timer/counter 0.
- T1: chn vao 0 cua b timer/counter 1.
- /WR: ghi giu liu vao b nho ngoai.


-/Rd: doc giu liu tu b nho ngoai.
-XTAL1: chn vao mach khuch dai dao dng.
-XTAL2: chn ra tu mach khuch dai dao dng.
-/PSEN: chn cho phFp doc chuong trnh ngoai (Rom ngoai).

reset bng tay reset khi cp ngun
- Nt n:
- Trang thi cua cc thanh ghi khi reset, khi reset th trang thi cua RAM ni
khng bi thay di
Register Content
Program counter (PC) 0000h
Accumulator (A) 00h
B register (B) 00h
PSW (Thanh ghi trang thi chuong trnh) 00h
SP (Stack pointer Thanh ghi ngn xp) 07h
DPTR (Con tro du liu) 0000h
All ports (Cc port P0,1,2,3) FFh
P (Thanh ghi uu tin ngt) XXX00000b
E (Thanh ghi diu khin ngt ) 0XX00000b
All timer registers ( tt ca cc thanh ghi cua b dinh thoi ) 00h
SCON 00h
SBUF 00h


PCON (HMOS) 0XXXXXXXb
PCON (CMOS) 0XXX0000b

b) Cp xung clock cho 8051: XTAL 18, 19:

dng thach anh dng cng logic
Tu gm c tri s tu 27pF - 33pF d n dinh lam vic cho thach anh, thuong
dng loai 33pF.

2.2 ch co ban d 89C51 Im vic:


2. Linh kin din tu th dng
2..1 din tro
2..1.1 Khi nim : din tro la linh kin din tu thu dng khng th thiu
trong cc mach din va din tu , chng c tc dung can tro dng din tao su
sut p d thuc hin cc chuc nng khc ty theo vi tr cua din tro trong
mach :
lon vi : m ( )
Cng thuc tnh :
8
# 8



10 5W

6,8 10W

lin tro thuong
lin tro cng
sut
lin tro cng sut Bin tro

2..1.2 Cc Ioi din tro :

1.lin tro than : Gm c ba loai co ban sau.
Than Fp : Loai nay c cng sut < 3W va hoat dng o tn s thp .
Mang than: Loai nay c cng sut >3W va hoat dng o tn s cao.

Dy qun : Loai nay c cng sut > 5W va hoat dng o tn s cao.
2.lin tro cng sut :Gm ba loai co ban sau .
Cng sut nho : Kch thuoc nho .
Cng sut trung bnh : Kich thuoc lon hon.
Cng sut lon : Kich thuoc lon hon.
3.Bin tro : La loai din tro c kha nng thay di duoc gi tri cua mnh .
4.Quang tro :C th thay di duoc thng s nho vao nh sng .
Bn canh d cn c mt s loai din tro khc nhu: lin tro nhit , din tro
dy qun , din tro ximang, din tro thay di din p, mang din tro din tro
cu tr .
2..1. Cc kiu ghp din tro .

GhFp ni tip :

GhFp song song:


2..1.4 ng dng .

1 .Cu phn p
2.Phn phi dng din thich hop cho tai.
2..1.5 Cc thng s anh h.ong din tro .

1. Nhit d
2.Thoi gian.
3.Cao tn
2..1.6 Cch kim tra din tro .

1.Kim tra bng mt thuong :
2.Kim tra bng dng h van nng : Xem c dng voi gi tri thuc ghi trn
din tro khng,
Kim tra d do bin tro :
-Vn dng h v thang do Ohm.
-lo cp chn 1-3 ri di chiu voi gi tri ghi trn din tro .
-lo tip cp chn 1-2 ri dng tay chinh thu xem kim dng h c thay di
khng :
+ Nu thay di chm ta xc dinh VR la loai A .
+ Nu thay di nhanh ta xc dinh VR la loai B.
+ Nu kim dng h thay di ri chuyn hn v C la bin tro bi dut .
+ Nu kim dng h thay di ri lai chuyn v C ri lai tro v vi tr gn d la bi
tro bi bn , r mt.
2..1.7 Nhng h. hng th.ng gp o din tro

li voi cc VR loai than thuong gp cc hu hong nhu :dut , bn, r mt
than . Truong hop mt than bi bn , r mt s gy ra nhung hu hong thuong
gp trong thuc t .l khc phuc nhanh hong hc trong truong hop nay ta


dng xit gi thi sach cc cu bn , ri nho mt t du my khu vao bin tro
la xong.
Chy do lam vic qu cng sut
lut do ohm khng ln
Tng tri s thuong say ra voi cc din tro bt than , do lu ngay hoat tnh
cua bt than bi bin cht lam tng tri s din tro .
Giam tri s thuong say ra voi cc din tro giy qun ,do lu ngay bi cham
mt s vng dy.
2..2 TJ DIJN

2..2.1: Khi nim :
Tu din gm hai ban cuc ghFp song song lam bng cht dn din ,giua hai
ban cuc la cht din mi (cch din ), la mt bnh chu din nho , nap va
phng din lc cn thit . Gi tri dng din qua tu din ti l voi tc d bin di
din p trn n theo thoi gian:
Cng thuc: i=c

2..2.2 Chc nng :
Tu din ngn khng cho dng din mt chiu di qua , chi cho phFp dng
xoay chiu di qua bng co ch phng nap din tch giua hai ban tu . Kha
nng nap , xa nhiu hay t phu thuc vao din dung C cua tu din . Tu din la
linh kin c th luu ch duoc cc din tch va tch ly nng nuong duoi dang
din truong .Khi su dung cn quan tm dn hai thng s :
+ lin dung : Cho bit kha nng chua din cua tu din .
+ lin p :Cho bit kha nng chiu dung cua tu din .
lon vi: fara (F), 3 F, nF.



2..2. Cc Ioi t din :

104

203
25

.01
50

1500
1,5KV

C = 20.10
3
pF = 20
nF
U = 25V
C = 0,01 3
F
U = 50V
C = 1500
pF
U = 1,5KV
1
0
0
F

5
0
V

1
0
F

1
6
V

1000F 25V

C = 103 F
U = 16V
C = 1000 3 F
U = 25V

Bn canh cc loai tu ni trn cn c cc loai tu khc nhu :
Tu giy , tu mica , tu mang mong , tu tantal , tu bin di , tu khng phn
cuc , mang tu din .
2..2.4 Cc cch ghp t

A ghFp ni tip B ghFp song song
2..2.5 ng dng cua t din .

Tu din su dung rt nhiu trong k thut din va din tu .
-Dng d lam lch pha , tao tu truong quay d lam quay moto.
-Dng d b pha trnh hin tuong lch pha trong mach din xoay chiu ba
pha
-l loc din trong cc b nn , lam tu loc tu lin lac , phn dng trong cc
mach khuch dai m tn .
-Tu c gi tri din dung bF thuong dng nhiu o khu vuc mach cao tn .


-Tu bin di dng d lp trong mach cng huong c tn s diu chinh duoc
...
2.4 Iinh kin din tu chu dng
2.4.1 Diod bn dn :
2.4.1.1 Khi nim :

Dng bn dn c tip gip P-N nguoi ta diod bn dn .

2.4.1.2 Nguyn tc hot dng cua diod bn dn:
a. phn cc thun :Khi ni ngun DC bn ngoai voi diod , cuc duong ngoai
ni voi diod anot .Do tc dng cua ngun ngoai min din tch khng gian
cua tip gip P-N thu hep lai . Khi din p phn cuc dat toi mt gi tri thch
hop th thuong la 0.2V voi Ge va 0.6V voi Si th min din tch khng gian bi
trit tiu ,cho phFp cc dng din tu tip tuc chay v cuc duong cua ngun

va dng l trng di chuyn v cuc m cua ngun tao ra dng din chay trong
diod.
b.!hn cc ng$c :Dng mt ngun din ni tu cuc m cua ngun vao chn
P cua diod va cuc duong cua ngun vao chn N cua diod . Lc d din tch
m cua ngun s ht l trng cua vng P va din tch duong cua ngun s
ht electron cua vng N lam cho l trng va electron hai bn mi ni cang xa
nhau hon nn hin tuong ti hop giua cc electron va l trng cang kh khn
hon . Tuy nhin truong hop nay vn c dng din rt nho di qua diod tu
vng N sang vng P goi la dng din ri tri s khoang 3 Hin tuong nay
duoc giai thch la do trong cht P cng c mt s t electron va trong cht N
cng c mt s t l trng goi la hat tai thiu s , nhung hat tai thiu s nay s
sinh ra hin tuong ti hop va tao thanh dng din ri .
Dng din di cn goi la dng din bo ha nghich s (saturate:bo ha)
Do dng din ri c tri s rt nho nn trong nhiu truong hop nguoi ta coi nhu
diod khng dn din khi duoc phn cuc nguoc .
* lc tuyn vl am pe cua diod bn dn nhu sau:


2.4.1. Cc thng s cua diod bn dn.

-lin p nghich cuc dai la din p phn cuc nghich lon nht dua vao diod ma
khng dnh thung diod.
-Dng din thun cuc dai la dng din lon nht c th chay qua diod ma diod
khng bi dnh thung .
-Dng din thun trung bnh la dng din lam vic cua diod .
-lin p thun roi trn diod V
f
la din p ngung cua lop tip gip P-N .lin
p nay do duoc o mt dng din quy dinh .

2.4.1.4 Cc Ioi diod dc bit

1. Diod Zener :
a) Cu to :Diod zener c cu tao gin nhu diod thuong nhung cc cht bn
dn duoc pha tap cht voi ty l cao hon diod thuong .Diod zener thuong la
loai silic.
b) l!c tnh : Trang thi phn cuc thun : Diod zener c dc tnh ging nhu
diod nn din thng thuong .


Trang thi phn cuc nguoc do pha tap cht voi ty l cao nn
din p nghich V
Rmax
c tri s thp hon diod nn din goi la din p zener V
Z

c) ng d$ng :Mach n p.
Diod zener duoc lam linh kin n dinh din p trong cc mach c din p
ngun thay di
2.Diod quang (photo diod).
a)Cu to : Diod quang c cu tao ging nhu diod thuong nhung vo boc
cch din c mt phn la knh hay thuy tinh d nhn nh sng chiu vao mi
ni P-N.
Mi ni P-N phn cuc nghich khi duoc chiu sng vao mach tip gip
s pht sinh hat tai thiu s qua mi ni va dng din bi di mt chch tuyn
tnh voi cuong d nh sng (lux) chiu vao n.
Tri s din tro cua photo diod trong truong hop duoc chiu sng va bi che
ti .
-Khi bi che ti R
nghich
= v cuc ; R
thun
:rt lon
-Khi chiu sng R
nghich
=10k 100k; R
thun
:=vai rm
Diod quang su dung rng ri trong cc h thng tu dng diu khin theo nh
sng , bo dng chy
3.Diod phat quang led (Laght emitting diod ).
Thng thuong dng din di qua vt dn din s sinh ra nng luong duoi
dang nhit . O mt s cht bn dn dc bit la (GaAs) khi c dng din di qua
c hin tuong buc xa quang (pht ra nh sng ).Ty theo cht bn dn ma
nh sng pht ra c mau khc nhau . Dua vao tnh cht nay nguoi ta ch
tao ra Led c mau khc nhau.
Led c din p phn cuc thun cao hon diod nn din nhung din p
phn cuc nguoc cuc dai thuong khng cao.
Led thuong duoc dng trong mach bo hiu ,chi thi trang thi cua mach
nhu bo ngun , thang thi thun hay nguoc ..
.Diod tch sng
Diod tch song la loai diod lam vic o dng soai chiu c tn s cao , c
dng din


Chiu dung nho (
Dmax
=vai chuc mA) va din p nguoc cuc dai thp (V
Rmax
=vai
chuc V).l lam vic o tn s cao diod tch sng phai c din p k sinh rt
nho nn mi ni P-N c din tch tip gip rt nho .Diod tch sng thuong la
Ge
Diod tch sng k hiu nhu diod thuong nhung vo cch din bn ngoai
thuong la lop thuy tinh trong sut .
5.Diod bin dung (varicap).
Diod bin dung la diod c din dung ky sinh thay di theo din p phn
cuc
Khi diod duoc phn cuc thun th l trng va electron o hai lop bn dn bi
dy lai gn nhau va lam thu hep b day cch din nn din dung duoc tng ln
.Khi diod duoc phn cuc nguoc th l trng va electron bi kFo ra xa va lam
tng b day cch din nn din dung bi dam xung
Diod bin dung duoc su dung nhu mt tu din bin di (bng cch thay di
din p phn cuc ) d thay di tn s cua mach cng huong .
2.4.1.5 ng dng cua diod bn dn :

Mach nn din bn ky Mach nn di toan chu ky
Mach n p
2.4.2 Transistor

2.4.2.1 Cu to :
Gm ba lop bn dn ghFp lai voi nhau hnh thanh hai lop tip gip P-N
nm nguoc chiu nhau .Ba vng bn dn duoc ni ra ba chn gi la ba cuc .
+) Cuc ni voi vng bn dn chung gi la cuc gc . Cuc gc mong va nng
d tap cht thp.
+) Hai cuc ni voi hai vng bn dn o hai bn la cuc phat emitter va cuc thu
collector , hai vng bn dn c chung loai bn dn nhung c kch thuoc va
lng d tap cht khc nhau nn khng th hon vi cho nhau duoc . Vng cuc
E c nng d tap cht rt cao cn vng cuc C c lng d tap cht lon hon
vng B nhung nho hon vng E



2.4.2.2 Nhng thng s k thut chu yu cua transistor:

Dng din cuc dai cho phFp : la dng din lon nht c th di qua transistor
ma khng lam hu n .
lin p dnh thung : la din p nghic ti da dt vao cp cuc BE , BC ,CE .
Nu qu din p nay th transistor bi hu
Cng sut cuc dai cho phFp :transistor hoat dng s tiu thu mt cng sut
.Nu cng sut vuot qu cng sut cuc dai cho phFp th transistor bi hong
Tn s ct :la tn s ma khi transistor lam vic o d , h s khuch dai dng
cua no dam giam xung cn 0.7 tri s so voi lc lam vic o tn s thp . O
vng c tn s cao hon nua th h s khuch dai dng giam manh.
2.4.2. Cp din v phn cc cho transistor :
a) Cp i"n cho transistor :
Cp din cho transistor la cung cp din p mt chiu thch hop , dt vao
hai cuc C va E cua transistor .
Voi transistor NPN cuc duong cua ngun ni vao chn C va cuc duong
cua ngun ni vao chn E .V din p th ty thuc vao vi tr ma gi tri cu th
cua transistor trong mach ma cung cp gi tri din p cn thit .
b) !hn cc cho transistor :
Phn cuc cho transistor la cung cp mt din p DC thc hop giua chn
B,C,E d dam bao cho tip gip B-E phn cuc thun va tip gip B-C phn
cuc nghich .
-Voi transistor NPN :U
b
>U
E
va U
b
>U
C
-Voi transistor PNP U
b
<U
E
va Ub>U
C
V gi tri din p :Ty thuc vao vt liu cu tao ln transistor la Si hay Ge
ma gi tri din p U
BE
nm trong mt khoang nht dinh .
+) Voi transistor Si :U
BE
tu 0.3 dn 0.6 V
+)Voi transistor Ge :U
BE
tu 0.1 dn 0.4 V
2.4.2.4 Cc cch mc transistor co ban .
C ba cch mc co ban sau:


+Cch mc kiu E chung
+Cch mc kiu B chung
+Cch mc kiu C chung
CHUONG III : THIET KE ACH DIEU KHIEN V XY DJNG CHUONG
TRNH DIEU KHIEN DNG CO BUC
3.1 M hinh thanh chuy"n ng
3.1.1 Yu cu ti
Thanh chuyn dng tinh tin theo chiu thng dung
3.1.2 M hinh c$a thanh chuy"n ng


ACUYEA DC KHAAH Page%%

1- Thanh chuyn dng theo dng tinh tin theo chiu thng dung
2- Hp bao ngoai thanh chuyn dng
3- Xch
Trong m hnh thanh chuyn dng ta thy duoc: thanh chuyn dng va
hp bao ngoai duoc lam tu nhm. Hp bao ngoai thanh chuyn dng dng d
gn dng co . Xch duoc gn vao b mt cua thanh chuyn dng. lng co va
xch s duoc gn voi nhau thng qua truc va bnh rng.

3.2 Chn ng c buc:

-Loai dng co: dng co don cuc c 6 du dy
-Tn dng co : 55SPM25D5E
-Thng s dng co: 7.5 DEG , 6,5O , 12V- 2A
-cch diu khin dng co :
V quay Fng c mFt cch lin tc , chng ta ch cn p in vo 2
mu ca Fng c theo dy .

Mu 1a 10001000100010001 Mu 1a 110011001100110011001
Mu 1b 00100010001000100 Mu 1b 001100110011001100110

Mu 2a 01000100010001000 Mu 2a 011001100110011001100
Mu 2b 00010001000100010 Mu 2b 100110011001100110011
Thi gian thi gian

V tr b-c -c to ra bi hai chui trn khng ging nhau , kt qu
kt hp 2 chui trn cho php iu khin na b-c , vi vic dng Fng c
mFt cch ln l-t ti nhng v tr nu mFt trong hai dy trn . kt hp nh-
sau :

Mu 1a : 1100000111000001110000011100000
Mu 1b : 0001110000011100000111000001110
Mu 2a : 0111000001110000011100000111000
Mu 2b : 0000011100000111000001110000011
Thi gian



3.3 tnh ton thng s iu khi"n ng c buc
Theo m hnh va yu cu cng ngh qung duong dng co phai di ht
hanh trnh la 90mm. lng co chon la 1 buoc cua dng co la 1.8
0
va theo l
thuyt th mt vng quay cua dng co buoc la 200 buoc.
Theo yu cu d tai thi diu khin dng co o 3 muc thoi gian:
1. liu khin o 1000ms: Theo l thuyt th 1 buoc dich chuyn trong
dng co buoc mt 5ms => Voi 1000ms th dng co buoc quay ht 200
buoc (1 vng) s di ht hanh trnh la 90mm
2. liu khin o 1250ms: Theo l thuyt th 1 buoc dich chuyn trong
buoc s di ht hanh trnh la 90mm
3. liu khin o 1500ms :Theo l thuyt th 1 buoc dich chuyn trong
buoc s di ht hanh trnh la 90mm

3.4 Kt ni Vi Diu khi"n vi ng c buc:
- Tn hiu vao o cng P2 voi cc bt tu P2.0 dn P2.4 : cng diu khin cc
chuong trnh
- Tn hiu ra o cng P1 voi cc bt tu P1.0 dn P1.3 : kt ni voi mach luc
diu khin dng co buoc



S # nguyn l c$a mch v Xy Dng Chung 1rnh Diu
Khi"n
S # nguyn l c$a mch


3.5.1 S # broa c$a mch


3.5.3 chung trinh iu khi"n ng c buc




KET LUN
Sau qu trnh tm hiu va nghin cuu d tai dua trn tai liu tham khao va
nhung kin thuc d duoc hoc , cng voi su huong dn tn tnh cua thy gio
"lng Vn Khanh . Sau mt khoang thoi gian dai mit mai nghin cuu va
hoc hoi chng em d hoan thanh d n cua mnh voi d tai : " Thit k ch
to mch diu khin dng co b.c c su dng Ip trnh Vi Diu Khin

Trong sut qu trnh nghin cuu va hoc hoi chng em d gp rt nhiu
kh khn v kin thuc ki nng va kinh nghim thuc hanh. Duoi su huong dn
tn tnh cua thy gio huong dn chng em d c gng ht suc vuot qua
nhung kh khn d hoan thanh tt d tai.

Tuy nhin, do luong kin thuc cn han ch chng em c th c nhng
thiu st trong qu trnh lam d n. V vy chng em rt mong duoc hoc hoi
nhiu hon tu thy c va ban b d kin thuc ngay cang hoan thin hon. Va
sau nay chng c th tu tin khi mang nhung kinh nghim va kin thuc khoa
hoc cua mnh phuc vu cho dt nuoc ngay cang pht trin hon.

Chng em xin chn thnh cam on !



Tai liu tham khao
1. lng co buoc- k thut diu khin va ung dung -NXB: khoa hoc
ki thut
2. Gio trnh k thut vi diu khin lHSPKT Hung Yn
3.

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