Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.

151
Serway/Jewett,PhysicsforScientistsandEngineers,8/e
PSE8eChapter15OscillatoryMotion
QuestionsandProblems
ObjectiveQuestions
denotesansweravailableinStudentSolutionsManual/Study
Guide
1.Thepositionofanobjectmovingwithsimpleharmonic
motionisgivenby ( ) 4cos 6 x t
,wherexisinmetersandtisin
seconds.Whatistheperiodoftheoscillatingsystem?(a)4s
(b)

1
6
s
(c)

1
3
s
(d)6s (e)impossibletodeterminefromthe
informationgiven
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueregardinga
massspringsystemthatmoveswithsimpleharmonicmotion
intheabsenceoffriction?(a)Thetotalenergyofthesystem
remainsconstant.(b)Theenergyofthesystemiscontinually
transformedbetweenkineticandpotentialenergy.(c)Thetotal
energyofthesystemisproportionaltothesquareofthe
amplitude.(d)Thepotentialenergystoredinthesystemis
greatestwhenthemasspassesthroughtheequilibrium
position.(e)Thevelocityoftheoscillatingmasshasits
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.152
maximumvaluewhenthemasspassesthroughtheequilibrium
position.
3.Ablockspringsystemvibratingonafrictionless,horizontal
surfacewithanamplitudeof6.0cmhasanenergyof12J.Ifthe
blockisreplacedbyonewhosemassistwicethemassofthe
originalblockandtheamplitudeofthemotionisagain6.0cm,
whatistheenergyofthesystem?(a)12J (b)24J(c)6J (d)48
J (e)noneofthoseanswers
4.Ifanobjectofmassmattachedtoalightspringisreplacedby
oneofmass9m,thefrequencyofthevibratingsystemchanges
bywhatfactor?(a)
1
9
(b)
1
3
(c)3.0(d)9.0(e)6.0
5.Anobjectofmass0.40kg,hangingfromaspringwitha
springconstantof8.0N/m,issetintoanupanddownsimple
harmonicmotion.Whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationof
theobjectwhenitisatitsmaximumdisplacementof0.10m?(a)
zero(b)0.45m/s
2
(c)1.0m/s
2
(d)2.0m/s
2
(e)2.4m/s
2
6.Arunawayrailroadcar,withmass3.0 10
5
kg,coastsacross
aleveltrackat2.0m/swhenitcollideselasticallywithaspring
loadedbumperattheendofthetrack.Ifthespringconstantof
thebumperis2.0 10
6
N/m,whatisthemaximum
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.153
compressionofthespringduringthecollision?(a)0.77m(b)
0.58m(c)0.34m(d)1.07m(e)1.24m
7.Ifasimplependulumoscillateswithsmallamplitudeandits
lengthisdoubled,whathappenstothefrequencyofitsmotion?
(a)Itdoubles.(b)Itbecomes 2 timesaslarge.(c)Itbecomes
halfaslarge.(d)Itbecomes1/ 2 timesaslarge.(e)Itremains
thesame.
8.Anobjectspringsystemmovingwithsimpleharmonic
motionhasanamplitudeA.Whenthekineticenergyofthe
objectequalstwicethepotentialenergystoredinthespring,
whatisthepositionxoftheobject?(a)A(b)
1
3
A
(c) 3 A (d)0
(e)noneofthoseanswers
9.Aparticleonaspringmovesinsimpleharmonicmotion
alongthexaxisbetweenturningpointsatx
1
=100cmandx
2
=
140cm.(i)Atwhichofthefollowingpositionsdoestheparticle
havemaximumspeed?(a)100cm(b)110cm(c)120cm(d)at
noneofthosepositions(ii)Atwhichpositiondoesithave
maximumacceleration?Choosefromthesamepossibilitiesasin
part(i).(iii)Atwhichpositionisthegreatestnetforceexerted
ontheparticle?Choosefromthesamepossibilitiesasinpart(i).
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.154
10.Amassspringsystemmoveswithsimpleharmonicmotion
alongthexaxisbetweenturningpointsatx
1
=20cmandx
2
=60
cm.Forparts(i)through(iii),choosefromthesamefive
possibilities.(i)Atwhichpositiondoestheparticlehavethe
greatestmagnitudeofmomentum?(a)20cm(b)30cm(c)40cm
(d)someotherposition(e)Thegreatestvalueoccursatmultiple
points.(ii)Atwhichpositiondoestheparticlehavegreatest
kineticenergy?(iii)Atwhichpositiondoestheparticlespring
systemhavethegreatesttotalenergy?
11.Ablockwithmassm=0.1kgoscillateswithamplitudeA=
0.1mattheendofaspringwithforceconstantk=10N/mona
frictionless,horizontalsurface.Ranktheperiodsofthe
followingsituationsfromgreatesttosmallest.Ifanyperiodsare
equal,showtheirequalityinyourranking.(a)Thesystemisas
describedabove.(b)Thesystemisasdescribedinsituation(a)
excepttheamplitudeis0.2m.(c)Thesituationisasdescribedin
situation(a)exceptthemassis0.2kg.(d)Thesituationisas
describedinsituation(a)exceptthespringhasforceconstant20
N/m.(e)Asmallresistiveforcemakesthemotion
underdamped.
12.Forasimpleharmonicoscillator,answeryesornotothe
followingquestions.(a)Canthequantitiespositionandvelocity
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.155
havethesamesign?(b)Canvelocityandaccelerationhavethe
samesign?(c)Canpositionandaccelerationhavethesame
sign?
13.Thetopendofaspringisheldfixed.Ablockishungonthe
bottomendasinFigureOQ15.13a,andthefrequencyfofthe
oscillationofthesystemismeasured.Theblock,asecond
identicalblock,andthespringarecarriedupinaspaceshuttle
toEarthorbit.Thetwoblocksareattachedtotheendsofthe
spring.Thespringiscompressedwithoutmakingadjacentcoils
touch(Fig.OQ15.13b),andthesystemisreleasedtooscillate
whilefloatingwithintheshuttlecabin(Fig.OQ15.13c).Whatis
thefrequencyofoscillationforthissystemintermsoff?(a)f/2
(b) / 2 f (c)f(d) 2 f (e)2f
14.Youattachablocktothebottomendofaspringhanging
vertically.Youslowlylettheblockmovedownandfindthatit
hangsatrestwiththespringstretchedby15.0cm.Next,youlift
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.156
theblockbackuptotheinitialpositionandreleaseitfromrest
withthespringunstretched.Whatmaximumdistancedoesit
movedown?(a)7.5cm(b)15.0cm(c)30.0cm(d)60.0cm(e)
Thedistancecannotbedeterminedwithoutknowingthemass
andspringconstant.
15.Asimplependulumhasaperiodof2.5s.(i)Whatisits
periodifitslengthismadefourtimeslarger?(a)1.25s(b)1.77s
(c)2.5s(d)3.54s(e)5s(ii)Whatisitsperiodifthelengthis
heldconstantatitsinitialvalueandthemassofthesuspended
bobismadefourtimeslarger?Choosefromthesame
possibilities.
16.Asimplependulumissuspendedfromtheceilingofa
stationaryelevator,andtheperiodisdetermined.(i)Whenthe
elevatoracceleratesupward,istheperiod(a)greater,(b)
smaller,or(c)unchanged?(ii)Whentheelevatorhasa
downwardacceleration,istheperiod(a)greater,(b)smaller,or
(c)unchanged?(iii)Whentheelevatormoveswithconstant
upwardvelocity,istheperiodofthependulum(a)greater,(b)
smaller,or(c)unchanged?
17.Youstandontheendofadivingboardandbouncetosetit
intooscillation.Youfindamaximumresponseintermsofthe
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.157
amplitudeofoscillationoftheendoftheboardwhenyou
bounceatfrequencyf.Younowmovetothemiddleofthe
boardandrepeattheexperiment.Istheresonancefrequencyfor
forcedoscillationsatthispoint(a)higher,(b)lower,or(c)the
sameasf?
ConceptualQuestions
denotesansweravailableinStudentSolutionsManual/Study
Guide
1.Isabouncingballanexampleofsimpleharmonicmotion?Is
thedailymovementofastudentfromhometoschoolandback
simpleharmonicmotion?Whyorwhynot?
2.TheequationslistedinTable2.2givepositionasafunctionof
time,velocityasafunctionoftime,andvelocityasafunctionof
positionforanobjectmovinginastraightlinewithconstant
acceleration.Thequantityv
xi
appearsineveryequation.(a)Do
anyoftheseequationsapplytoanobjectmovinginastraight
linewithsimpleharmonicmotion?(b)Usingasimilarformat,
makeatableofequationsdescribingsimpleharmonicmotion.
Includeequationsgivingaccelerationasafunctionoftimeand
accelerationasafunctionofposition.Statetheequationsinsuch
aformthattheyapplyequallytoablockspringsystem,toa
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.158
pendulum,andtoothervibratingsystems.(c)Whatquantity
appearsineveryequation?
3.(a)Ifthecoordinateofaparticlevariesasx=Acost,what
isthephaseconstantinEquation15.6?(b)Atwhatpositionis
theparticleatt=0?
4.Asimplependulumcanbemodeledasexhibitingsimple
harmonicmotionwhenissmall.Isthemotionperiodicwhen
islarge?
5.FigureCQ15.5showsgraphsofthepotentialenergyoffour
differentsystemsversusthepositionofaparticleineach
system.Eachparticleissetintomotionwithapushatan
arbitrarilychosenlocation.Describeitssubsequentmotionin
eachcase(a),(b),(c),and(d).
6.Astudentthinksthatanyrealvibrationmustbedamped.Is
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.159
thestudentcorrect?Ifso,giveconvincingreasoning.Ifnot,give
anexampleofarealvibrationthatkeepsconstantamplitude
foreverifthesystemisisolated.
7.Themechanicalenergyofanundampedblockspringsystem
isconstantaskineticenergytransformstoelasticpotential
energyandviceversa.Forcomparison,explainwhathappens
totheenergyofadampedoscillatorintermsofthemechanical,
potential,andkineticenergies.
8.Isitpossibletohavedampedoscillationswhenasystemisat
resonance?Explain.
9.Willdampedoscillationsoccurforanyvaluesofbandk?
Explain.
10.Ifapendulumclockkeepsperfecttimeatthebaseofa
mountain,willitalsokeepperfecttimewhenitismovedtothe
topofthemountain?Explain.
11.Youarelookingatasmall,leafytree.Youdonotnoticeany
breeze,andmostoftheleavesonthetreearemotionless.One
leaf,however,isflutteringbackandforthwildly.Afterawhile,
thatleafstopsmovingandyounoticeadifferentleafmoving
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1510
muchmorethanalltheothers.Explainwhatcouldcausethe
largemotionofoneparticularleaf.
12.Apendulumbobismadefromaspherefilledwithwater.
Whatwouldhappentothefrequencyofvibrationofthis
pendulumiftherewereaholeinthespherethatallowedthe
watertoleakoutslowly?
13.ConsiderthesimplifiedsinglepistonengineinFigure
CQ15.13.Assumingthewheelrotateswithconstantangular
speed,explainwhythepistonrodoscillatesinsimpleharmonic
motion.
Problems
Theproblemsfoundinthischaptermaybe
assignedonlineinEnhancedWebAssign.
1.denotesstraightforwardproblem;2.denotesintermediate
problem;3.denoteschallengingproblem
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1511
1.fullsolutionavailableintheStudentSolutionsManual/Study
Guide
1.denotesproblemsmostoftenassignedinEnhanced
WebAssign;theseprovidestudentswithtargetedfeedbackand
eitheraMasterIttutorialoraWatchItsolutionvideo.
Q|Cdenotesaskingforquantitativeandconceptualreasoning
denotessymbolicreasoningproblem
denotesMasterIttutorialavailableinEnhancedWebAssign
denotesguidedproblem
shadeddenotes"pairedproblems"thatdevelopreasoningwith
symbolsandnumericvalues
Note:Ignorethemassofeveryspring,exceptinProblems64
and75.
Section15.1MotionofanObjectAttachedtoaSpring
Problems16,17,18,22,and65inChapter7canalsobeassigned
withthissection.
1.A0.60kgblockattachedtoaspringwithforceconstant130
N/misfreetomoveonafrictionless,horizontalsurfaceasin
ActiveFigure15.1.Theblockisreleasedfromrestwhenthe
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1512
springisstretched0.13m.Attheinstanttheblockisreleased,
find(a)theforceontheblockand(b)itsacceleration.
2.Whena4.25kgobjectisplacedontopofaverticalspring,the
springcompressesadistanceof2.62cm.Whatistheforce
constantofthespring?
Section15.2AnalysisModel:ParticleinSimpleHarmonicMotion
3.Averticalspringstretches3.9cmwhena10gobjectishung
fromit.Theobjectisreplacedwithablockofmass25gthat
oscillatesupanddowninsimpleharmonicmotion.Calculate
theperiodofmotion.
4.Inanengine,apistonoscillateswithsimpleharmonicmotion
sothatitspositionvariesaccordingtotheexpression
=5.00cos 2
6
x t

_
+

,
wherexisincentimetersandtisinseconds.Att=0,find(a)
thepositionoftheparticle,(b)itsvelocity,and(c)its
acceleration.Find(d)theperiodand(e)theamplitudeofthe
motion.
5.Thepositionofaparticleisgivenbytheexpressionx=4.00
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1513
cos(3.00t+),wherexisinmetersandtisinseconds.
Determine(a)thefrequencyand(b)periodofthemotion,(c)the
amplitudeofthemotion,(d)thephaseconstant,and(e)the
positionoftheparticleatt=0.250s.
6.Apistoninagasolineengineisinsimpleharmonicmotion.
Theengineisrunningattherateof3600rev/min.Takingthe
extremesofitspositionrelativetoitscenterpointas5.00cm,
findthemagnitudesofthe(a)maximumvelocityand(b)
maximumaccelerationofthepiston.
7.A1.00kgobjectisattachedtoahorizontalspring.Thespring
isinitiallystretchedby0.100m,andtheobjectisreleasedfrom
restthere.Itproceedstomovewithoutfriction.Thenexttime
thespeedoftheobjectiszerois0.500slater.Whatisthe
maximumspeedoftheobject?
8.Asimpleharmonicoscillatortakes12.0stoundergofive
completevibrations.Find(a)theperiodofitsmotion,(b)the
frequencyinhertz,and(c)theangularfrequencyinradiansper
second.
9.A7.00kgobjectishungfromthebottomendofavertical
springfastenedtoanoverheadbeam.Theobjectissetinto
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1514
verticaloscillationshavingaperiodof2.60s.Findtheforce
constantofthespring.
10.Q|C(a)Ahangingspringstretchesby35.0cmwhenan
objectofmass450gishungonitatrest.Inthissituation,we
defineitspositionasx=0.Theobjectispulleddownan
additional18.0cmandreleasedfromresttooscillatewithout
friction.Whatisitspositionxatamoment84.4slater?(b)Find
thedistancetraveledbythevibratingobjectinpart(a).(c)What
If?Anotherhangingspringstretchesby35.5cmwhenanobject
ofmass440gishungonitatrest.Wedefinethisnewposition
asx=0.Thisobjectisalsopulleddownanadditional18.0cm
andreleasedfromresttooscillatewithoutfriction.Findits
position84.4slater.(d)Findthedistancetraveledbytheobject
inpart(c).(e)Whyaretheanswerstoparts(a)and(c)so
differentwhentheinitialdatainparts(a)and(c)aresosimilar
andtheanswerstoparts(b)and(d)arerelativelyclose?Does
thiscircumstancerevealafundamentaldifficultyincalculating
thefuture?
11.Review.Aparticlemovesalongthexaxis.Itisinitiallyat
theposition0.270m,movingwithvelocity0.140m/sand
acceleration0.320m/s
2
.Supposeitmovesasaparticleunder
constantaccelerationfor4.50s.Find(a)itspositionand(b)its
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1515
velocityattheendofthistimeinterval.Next,assumeitmoves
asaparticleinsimpleharmonicmotionfor4.50sandx=0isits
equilibriumposition.Find(c)itspositionand(d)itsvelocityat
theendofthistimeinterval.
12.Q|CAballdroppedfromaheightof4.00mmakesanelastic
collisionwiththeground.Assumingnomechanicalenergyis
lostduetoairresistance,(a)showthattheensuingmotionis
periodicand(b)determinetheperiodofthemotion.(c)Isthe
motionsimpleharmonic?Explain.
13.Aparticlemovingalongthexaxisinsimpleharmonic
motionstartsfromitsequilibriumposition,theorigin,att=0
andmovestotheright.Theamplitudeofitsmotionis2.00cm,
andthefrequencyis1.50Hz.(a)Findanexpressionforthe
positionoftheparticleasafunctionoftime.Determine(b)the
maximumspeedoftheparticleand(c)theearliesttime(t>0)at
whichtheparticlehasthisspeed.Find(d)themaximum
positiveaccelerationoftheparticleand(e)theearliesttime(t>
0)atwhichtheparticlehasthisacceleration.(f)Findthetotal
distancetraveledbytheparticlebetweent=0andt=1.00s.
14.A1.00kggliderattachedtoaspringwithaforceconstantof
25.0N/moscillatesonafrictionless,horizontalairtrack.Att=
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1516
0,thegliderisreleasedfromrestatx=3.00cm(thatis,the
springiscompressedby3.00cm).Find(a)theperiodofthe
glidersmotion,(b)themaximumvaluesofitsspeedand
acceleration,and(c)theposition,velocity,andaccelerationas
functionsoftime.
15.A0.500kgobjectattachedtoaspringwithaforceconstant
of8.00N/mvibratesinsimpleharmonicmotionwithan
amplitudeof10.0cm.Calculatethemaximumvalueofits(a)
speedand(b)acceleration,(c)thespeedand(d)theacceleration
whentheobjectis6.00cmfromtheequilibriumposition,and
(e)thetimeintervalrequiredfortheobjecttomovefromx=0
tox=8.00cm.
16.Q|CYouattachanobjecttothebottomendofahanging
verticalspring.Ithangsatrestafterextendingthespring18.3
cm.Youthensettheobjectvibrating.(a)Doyouhaveenough
informationtofinditsperiod?(b)Explainyouranswerand
statewhateveryoucanaboutitsperiod.
Section15.3EnergyoftheSimpleHarmonicOscillator
17. Totesttheresiliencyofitsbumperduringlowspeed
collisions,a1000kgautomobileisdrivenintoabrickwall.The
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1517
carsbumperbehaveslikeaspringwithaforceconstant5.00
10
6
N/mandcompresses3.16cmasthecarisbroughttorest.
Whatwasthespeedofthecarbeforeimpact,assumingno
mechanicalenergyistransformedortransferredawayduring
impactwiththewall?
18.A200gblockisattachedtoahorizontalspringandexecutes
simpleharmonicmotionwithaperiodof0.250s.Thetotal
energyofthesystemis2.00J.Find(a)theforceconstantofthe
springand(b)theamplitudeofthemotion.
19.A50.0gobjectconnectedtoaspringwithaforceconstantof
35.0N/moscillateswithanamplitudeof4.00cmona
frictionless,horizontalsurface.Find(a)thetotalenergyofthe
systemand(b)thespeedoftheobjectwhenitspositionis1.00
cm.Find(c)thekineticenergyand(d)thepotentialenergy
whenitspositionis3.00cm.
20.A2.00kgobjectisattachedtoaspringandplacedona
frictionless,horizontalsurface.Ahorizontalforceof20.0Nis
requiredtoholdtheobjectatrestwhenitispulled0.200mfrom
itsequilibriumposition(theoriginofthexaxis).Theobjectis
nowreleasedfromrestfromthisstretchedposition,andit
subsequentlyundergoessimpleharmonicoscillations.Find(a)
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1518
theforceconstantofthespring,(b)thefrequencyofthe
oscillations,and(c)themaximumspeedoftheobject.(d)Where
doesthismaximumspeedoccur?(e)Findthemaximum
accelerationoftheobject.(f)Wheredoesthemaximum
accelerationoccur?(g)Findthetotalenergyoftheoscillating
system.Find(h)thespeedand(i)theaccelerationoftheobject
whenitspositionisequaltoonethirdthemaximumvalue.
21.Q|C AsimpleharmonicoscillatorofamplitudeAhasa
totalenergyE.Determine(a)thekineticenergyand(b)the
potentialenergywhenthepositionisonethirdtheamplitude.
(c)Forwhatvaluesofthepositiondoesthekineticenergyequal
onehalfthepotentialenergy?(d)Arethereanyvaluesofthe
positionwherethekineticenergyisgreaterthanthemaximum
potentialenergy?Explain.
22. Review.A65.0kgbungeejumperstepsoffabridge
withalightbungeecordtiedtoherbodyandtothebridge.The
unstretchedlengthofthecordis11.0m.Thejumperreachesthe
bottomofhermotion36.0mbelowthebridgebeforebouncing
back.Wewishtofindthetimeintervalbetweenherleavingthe
bridgeandherarrivingatthebottomofhermotion.Heroverall
motioncanbeseparatedintoan11.0mfreefallanda25.0m
sectionofsimpleharmonicoscillation.(a)Forthefreefallpart,
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1519
whatistheappropriateanalysismodeltodescribehermotion?
(b)Forwhattimeintervalissheinfreefall?(c)Forthesimple
harmonicoscillationpartoftheplunge,isthesystemofthe
bungeejumper,thespring,andtheEarthisolatedornon
isolated?(d)Fromyourresponseinpart(c)findthespring
constantofthebungeecord.(e)Whatisthelocationofthe
equilibriumpointwherethespringforcebalancesthe
gravitationalforceexertedonthejumper?(f)Whatisthe
angularfrequencyoftheoscillation?(g)Whattimeintervalis
requiredforthecordtostretchby25.0m?(h)Whatisthetotal
timeintervalfortheentire36.0mdrop?
23.Q|CReview.A0.250kgblockrestingonafrictionless,
horizontalsurfaceisattachedtoaspringwhoseforceconstantis
83.8N/masinFigureP15.23.Ahorizontalforce causesthe
springtostretchadistanceof5.46cmfromitsequilibrium
position.(a)Findthemagnitudeof .(b)Whatisthetotal
energystoredinthesystemwhenthespringisstretched?(c)
Findthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationoftheblockjustafterthe
appliedforceisremoved.(d)Findthespeedoftheblockwhen
itfirstreachestheequilibriumposition.(e)Ifthesurfaceisnot
frictionlessbuttheblockstillreachestheequilibriumposition,
wouldyouranswertopart(d)belargerorsmaller?(f)What
otherinformationwouldyouneedtoknowtofindtheactual
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1520
answertopart(d)inthiscase?(g)Whatisthelargestvalueof
thecoefficientoffrictionthatwouldallowtheblocktoreachthe
equilibriumposition?
24.A326gobjectisattachedtoaspringandexecutessimple
harmonicmotionwithaperiodof0.250s.Ifthetotalenergyof
thesystemis5.83J,find(a)themaximumspeedoftheobject,
(b)theforceconstantofthespring,and(c)theamplitudeofthe
motion.
Section15.4ComparingSimpleHarmonicMotionwith
UniformCircularMotion
25.Q|CWhiledrivingbehindacartravelingat3.00m/s,you
noticethatoneofthecarstireshasasmallhemisphericalbump
onitsrimasshowninFigureP15.25.(a)Explainwhythebump,
fromyourviewpointbehindthecar,executessimpleharmonic
motion.(b)Iftheradiiofthecarstiresare0.300m,whatisthe
bumpsperiodofoscillation?
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1521
Section15.5ThePendulum
Problem62inChapter1canalsobeassignedwiththissection.
26.Asecondspendulumisonethatmovesthroughits
equilibriumpositiononceeachsecond.(Theperiodofthe
pendulumisprecisely2s.)Thelengthofasecondspendulumis
0.9927matTokyo,Japan,and0.9942matCambridge,
England.Whatistheratioofthefreefallaccelerationsatthese
twolocations?
27.Asimplependulummakes120completeoscillationsin3.00
minatalocationwhereg=9.80m/s
2
.Find(a)theperiodofthe
pendulumand(b)itslength.
28. Aparticleofmassmslideswithoutfrictioninsidea
hemisphericalbowlofradiusR.Showthatiftheparticlestarts
fromrestwithasmalldisplacementfromequilibrium,itmoves
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1522
insimpleharmonicmotionwithanangularfrequencyequalto
thatofasimplependulumoflengthR.Thatis, / g R .
29.Aphysicalpendulumintheformofaplanarobjectmovesin
simpleharmonicmotionwithafrequencyof0.450Hz.The
pendulumhasamassof2.20kg,andthepivotislocated0.350
mfromthecenterofmass.Determinethemomentofinertiaof
thependulumaboutthepivotpoint.
30. Aphysicalpendulumintheformofaplanarobjectmoves
insimpleharmonicmotionwithafrequencyf.Thependulum
hasamassm,andthepivotislocatedadistancedfromthe
centerofmass.Determinethemomentofinertiaofthe
pendulumaboutthepivotpoint.
31.Q|CAsimplependulumhasamassof0.250kgandalength
of1.00m.Itisdisplacedthroughanangleof15.0andthen
released.Usingtheanalysismodelofaparticleinsimple
harmonicmotion,whatare(a)themaximumspeedofthebob,
(b)itsmaximumangularacceleration,and(c)themaximum
restoringforceonthebob?(d)WhatIf?Solveparts(a)through
(c)againbyusinganalysismodelsintroducedinearlier
chapters.(e)Comparetheanswers.
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1523
32. ConsiderthephysicalpendulumofFigure15.17.(a)
Representitsmomentofinertiaaboutanaxispassingthrough
itscenterofmassandparalleltotheaxispassingthroughits
pivotpointasI
CM
.Showthatitsperiodis
2
CM
2
I md
T
mgd

wheredisthedistancebetweenthepivotpointandthecenter
ofmass.(b)Showthattheperiodhasaminimumvaluewhend
satisfiesmd
2
=I
CM
.
33.Review.Asimplependulumis5.00mlong.Whatisthe
periodofsmalloscillationsforthispendulumifitislocatedin
anelevator(a)acceleratingupwardat5.00m/s
2
?(b)
Acceleratingdownwardat5.00m/s
2
?(c)Whatistheperiodof
thispendulumifitisplacedinatruckthatisaccelerating
horizontallyat5.00m/s
2
?
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1524
34.Averylightrigidrodoflength0.500mextendsstraightout
fromoneendofameterstick.Thecombinationissuspended
fromapivotattheupperendoftherodasshowninFigure
P15.34.Thecombinationisthenpulledoutbyasmallangleand
released.(a)Determinetheperiodofoscillationofthesystem.
(b)Bywhatpercentagedoestheperioddifferfromtheperiodof
asimplependulum1.00mlong?
35.Awatchbalancewheel(Fig.P15.35)hasaperiodof
oscillationof0.250s.Thewheelisconstructedsothatitsmassof
20.0gisconcentratedaroundarimofradius0.500cm.Whatare
(a)thewheelsmomentofinertiaand(b)thetorsionconstantof
theattachedspring?
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1525
36.Asmallobjectisattachedtotheendofastringtoforma
simplependulum.Theperiodofitsharmonicmotionis
measuredforsmallangulardisplacementsandthreelengths.
Forlengthsof1.000m,0.750m,and0.500m,totaltimeintervals
for50oscillationsof99.8s,86.6s,and71.1saremeasuredwith
astopwatch.(a)Determinetheperiodofmotionforeachlength.
(b)Determinethemeanvalueofgobtainedfromthesethree
independentmeasurementsandcompareitwiththeaccepted
value.(c)PlotT
2
versusLandobtainavalueforgfromthe
slopeofyourbestfitstraightlinegraph.(d)Comparethevalue
foundinpart(c)withthatobtainedinpart(b).
Section15.6DampedOscillations
37.Apendulumwithalengthof1.00misreleasedfroman
initialangleof15.0.After1000s,itsamplitudehasbeen
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1526
reducedbyfrictionto5.50.Whatisthevalueofb/2m?
38. Showthatthetimerateofchangeofmechanicalenergy
foradamped,undrivenoscillatorisgivenbydE/dt=bv
2
and
henceisalwaysnegative.Todoso,differentiatetheexpression
forthemechanicalenergyofanoscillator,
2 2 1 1
2 2
E mv kx +
,and
useEquation15.31.
39.A10.6kgobjectoscillatesattheendofaverticalspringthat
hasaspringconstantof2.05 10
4
N/m.Theeffectofair
resistanceisrepresentedbythedampingcoefficientb=3.00N
s/m.(a)Calculatethefrequencyofthedampedoscillation.(b)
Bywhatpercentagedoestheamplitudeoftheoscillation
decreaseineachcycle?(c)Findthetimeintervalthatelapses
whiletheenergyofthesystemdropsto5.00%ofitsinitial
value.
40. ShowthatEquation15.32isasolutionofEquation15.31
providedthatb
2
<4mk.
Section15.7ForcedOscillations
41.Asyouenterafinerestaurant,yourealizethatyouhave
accidentallybroughtasmallelectronictimerfromhomeinstead
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1527
ofyourcellphone.Infrustration,youdropthetimerintoaside
pocketofyoursuitcoat,notrealizingthatthetimeris
operating.Thearmofyourchairpressesthelightclothofyour
coatagainstyourbodyatonespot.FabricwithalengthLhangs
freelybelowthatspot,withthetimeratthebottom.Atone
pointduringyourdinner,thetimergoesoffandabuzzeranda
vibratorturnonandoffwithafrequencyof1.50Hz.Itmakes
thehangingpartofyourcoatswingbackandforthwith
remarkablylargeamplitude,drawingeveryonesattention.
FindthevalueofL.
42.Ababybouncesupanddowninhercrib.Hermassis12.5
kg,andthecribmattresscanbemodeledasalightspringwith
forceconstant700N/m.(a)Thebabysoonlearnstobounce
withmaximumamplitudeandminimumeffortbybendingher
kneesatwhatfrequency?(b)Ifsheweretousethemattressasa
trampolinelosingcontactwithitforpartofeachcyclewhat
minimumamplitudeofoscillationdoessherequire?
43.A2.00kgobjectattachedtoaspringmoveswithoutfriction
(b=0)andisdrivenbyanexternalforcegivenbythe
expressionF=3.00sin(2t),whereFisinnewtonsandtisin
seconds.Theforceconstantofthespringis20.0N/m.Find(a)
theresonanceangularfrequencyofthesystem,(b)theangular
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1528
frequencyofthedrivensystem,and(c)theamplitudeofthe
motion.
44.Ablockweighing40.0Nissuspendedfromaspringthathas
aforceconstantof200N/m.Thesystemisundamped(b=0)
andissubjectedtoaharmonicdrivingforceoffrequency10.0
Hz,resultinginaforcedmotionamplitudeof2.00cm.
Determinethemaximumvalueofthedrivingforce.
45. Dampingisnegligiblefora0.150kgobjecthangingfrom
alight,6.30N/mspring.Asinusoidalforcewithanamplitude
of1.70Ndrivesthesystem.Atwhatfrequencywilltheforce
maketheobjectvibratewithanamplitudeof0.440m?
46. Consideringanundamped,forcedoscillator(b=0),
showthatEquation15.35isasolutionofEquation15.34,with
anamplitudegivenbyEquation15.36.
AdditionalProblems
47.Themassofthedeuteriummolecule(D
2
)istwicethatofthe
hydrogenmolecule(H
2
).IfthevibrationalfrequencyofH
2
is
1.30 10
14
Hz,whatisthevibrationalfrequencyofD
2
?Assume
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1529
thespringconstantofattractingforcesisthesameforthetwo
molecules.
48.Q|CReview.ThisproblemextendsthereasoningofProblem
59inChapter9.Twoglidersaresetinmotiononanairtrack.
Glider1hasmassm
1
=0.240kgandmovestotherightwith
speed0.740m/s.Itwillhavearearendcollisionwithglider2,
ofmassm
2
=0.360kg,whichinitiallymovestotherightwith
speed0.120m/s.Alightspringofforceconstant45.0N/mis
attachedtothebackendofglider2asshowninFigureP9.59.
Whenglider1touchesthespring,superglueinstantlyand
permanentlymakesitsticktoitsendofthespring.(a)Findthe
commonspeedthetwoglidershavewhenthespringisat
maximumcompression.(b)Findthemaximumspring
compressiondistance.Themotionaftertheglidersbecome
attachedconsistsofacombinationof(1)theconstantvelocity
motionofthecenterofmassofthetwoglidersystemfoundin
part(a)and(2)simpleharmonicmotionoftheglidersrelative
tothecenterofmass.(c)Findtheenergyofthecenterofmass
motion.(d)Findtheenergyoftheoscillation.
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1530
49.Q|CAnobjectofmassmmovesinsimpleharmonicmotion
withamplitude12.0cmonalightspring.Itsmaximum
accelerationis108cm/s
2
.Regardmasavariable.(a)Findthe
periodToftheobject.(b)Finditsfrequencyf.(c)Findthe
maximumspeedv
max
oftheobject.(d)FindthetotalenergyEof
theobjectspringsystem.(e)Findtheforceconstantkofthe
spring.(f)Describethepatternofdependenceofeachofthe
quantitiesT,f,v
max
,E,andkonm.
50.Q|CReview.Arockrestsonaconcretesidewalk.An
earthquakestrikes,makingthegroundmoveverticallyin
simpleharmonicmotionwithaconstantfrequencyof2.40Hz
andwithgraduallyincreasingamplitude.(a)Withwhat
amplitudedoesthegroundvibratewhentherockbeginstolose
contactwiththesidewalk?Anotherrockissittingonthe
concretebottomofaswimmingpoolfullofwater.The
earthquakeproducesonlyverticalmotion,sothewaterdoesnot
sloshfromsidetoside.(b)Presentaconvincingargumentthat
whenthegroundvibrateswiththeamplitudefoundinpart(a),
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1531
thesubmergedrockalsobarelylosescontactwiththefloorof
theswimmingpool.
51. AsmallballofmassMisattachedtotheendofauniform
rodofequalmassMandlengthLthatispivotedatthetop(Fig.
P15.51).Determinethetensionsintherod(a)atthepivotand
(b)atthepointPwhenthesystemisstationary.(c)Calculatethe
periodofoscillationforsmalldisplacementsfromequilibrium
and(d)determinethisperiodforL=2.00m.
52.Anobjectattachedtoaspringvibrateswithsimpleharmonic
motionasdescribedbyFigureP15.52.Forthismotion,find(a)
theamplitude,(b)theperiod,(c)theangularfrequency,(d)the
maximumspeed,(e)themaximumacceleration,and(f)an
equationforitspositionxasafunctionoftime.

Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1532
53.Review.AlargeblockPattachedtoalightspringexecutes
horizontal,simpleharmonicmotionasitslidesacrossa
frictionlesssurfacewithafrequencyf=1.50Hz.BlockBrestson
itasshowninFigureP15.53,andthecoefficientofstaticfriction
betweenthetwois
s
=0.600.Whatmaximumamplitudeof
oscillationcanthesystemhaveifblockBisnottoslip?
54. Review.AlargeblockPattachedtoalightspring
executeshorizontal,simpleharmonicmotionasitslidesacross
africtionlesssurfacewithafrequencyf.BlockBrestsonitas
showninFigureP15.53,andthecoefficientofstaticfriction
betweenthetwois
s
.Whatmaximumamplitudeofoscillation
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1533
canthesystemhaveifblockBisnottoslip?
55. ApendulumoflengthLandmassMhasaspringof
forceconstantkconnectedtoitatadistancehbelowitspointof
suspension(Fig.P15.55).Findthefrequencyofvibrationofthe
systemforsmallvaluesoftheamplitude(small).Assumethe
verticalsuspensionrodoflengthLisrigid,butignoreitsmass.
56.Aparticlewithamassof0.500kgisattachedtoahorizontal
springwithaforceconstantof50.0N/m.Atthemomentt=0,
theparticlehasitsmaximumspeedof20.0m/sandismoving
totheleft.(a)Determinetheparticlesequationofmotion,
specifyingitspositionasafunctionoftime.(b)Whereinthe
motionisthepotentialenergythreetimesthekineticenergy?(c)
Findtheminimumtimeintervalrequiredfortheparticleto
movefromx=0tox=1.00m.(d)Findthelengthofasimple
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1534
pendulumwiththesameperiod.
57.Ahorizontalplankofmass5.00kgandlength2.00mis
pivotedatoneend.Theplanksotherendissupportedbya
springofforceconstant100N/m(FigP15.57).Theplankis
displacedbyasmallanglefromitshorizontalequilibrium
positionandreleased.Findtheangularfrequencywithwhich
theplankmoveswithsimpleharmonicmotion.
58. AhorizontalplankofmassmandlengthLispivotedat
oneend.Theplanksotherendissupportedbyaspringofforce
constantk(FigP15.57).Theplankisdisplacedbyasmallangle
fromitshorizontalequilibriumpositionandreleased.Findthe
angularfrequencywithwhichtheplankmoveswithsimple
harmonicmotion.
59.Q|CReview.Aparticleofmass4.00kgisattachedtoa
springwithaforceconstantof100N/m.Itisoscillatingona
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1535
frictionless,horizontalsurfacewithanamplitudeof2.00m.A
6.00kgobjectisdroppedverticallyontopofthe4.00kgobject
asitpassesthroughitsequilibriumpoint.Thetwoobjectsstick
together.(a)Whatisthenewamplitudeofthevibratingsystem
afterthecollision?(b)Bywhatfactorhastheperiodofthe
systemchanged?(c)Byhowmuchdoestheenergyofthe
systemchangeasaresultofthecollision?(d)Accountforthe
changeinenergy.
60.Asimplependulumwithalengthof2.23mandamassof
6.74kgisgivenaninitialspeedof2.06m/satitsequilibrium
position.Assumeitundergoessimpleharmonicmotion.
Determine(a)itsperiod,(b)itstotalenergy,and(c)its
maximumangulardisplacement.
61.Review.Oneendofalightspringwithforceconstantk=
100N/misattachedtoaverticalwall.Alightstringistiedto
theotherendofthehorizontalspring.AsshowninFigure
P15.61,thestringchangesfromhorizontaltoverticalasitpasses
overapulleyofmassMintheshapeofasoliddiskofradiusR
=2.00cm.Thepulleyisfreetoturnonafixed,smoothaxle.The
verticalsectionofthestringsupportsanobjectofmassm=200
g.Thestringdoesnotslipatitscontactwiththepulley.The
objectispulleddownwardasmalldistanceandreleased.(a)
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1536
Whatistheangularfrequencyofoscillationoftheobjectin
termsofthemassM?(b)Whatisthehighestpossiblevalueof
theangularfrequencyofoscillationoftheobject?(c)Whatisthe
highestpossiblevalueoftheangularfrequencyofoscillationof
theobjectifthepulleyradiusisdoubledtoR=4.00cm?
62.Q|CPeoplewhoridemotorcyclesandbicycleslearntolook
outforbumpsintheroadandespeciallyforwashboarding,a
conditioninwhichmanyequallyspacedridgesareworninto
theroad.Whatissobadaboutwashboarding?Amotorcycle
hasseveralspringsandshockabsorbersinitssuspension,but
youcanmodelitasasinglespringsupportingablock.Youcan
estimatetheforceconstantbythinkingabouthowfarthespring
compresseswhenaheavyridersitsontheseat.Amotorcyclist
travelingathighwayspeedmustbeparticularlycarefulof
washboardbumpsthatareacertaindistanceapart.Whatisthe
orderofmagnitudeoftheirseparationdistance?
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1537
63. Aballofmassmisconnectedtotworubberbandsof
lengthL,eachundertensionTasshowninFigureP15.63.The
ballisdisplacedbyasmalldistanceyperpendiculartothe
lengthoftherubberbands.Assumingthetensiondoesnot
change,showthat(a)therestoringforceis(2T/L)yand(b)the
systemexhibitssimpleharmonicmotionwithanangular
frequency 2 / T mL .
64.WhenablockofmassM,connectedtotheendofaspringof
massm
s
=7.40gandforceconstantk,issetintosimple
harmonicmotion,theperiodofitsmotionis
( ) / 3
2
s
M m
T
k

Atwopartexperimentisconductedwiththeuseofblocksof
variousmassessuspendedverticallyfromthespringasshown
inFigureP15.64.(a)Staticextensionsof17.0,29.3,35.3,41.3,
47.1,and49.3cmaremeasuredforMvaluesof20.0,40.0,50.0,
60.0,70.0,and80.0g,respectively.ConstructagraphofMg
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1538
versusxandperformalinearleastsquaresfittothedata.(b)
Fromtheslopeofyourgraph,determineavalueforkforthis
spring.(c)Thesystemisnowsetintosimpleharmonicmotion,
andperiodsaremeasuredwithastopwatch.WithM=80.0g,
thetotaltimeintervalrequiredfortenoscillationsismeasured
tobe13.41s.TheexperimentisrepeatedwithMvaluesof70.0,
60.0,50.0,40.0,and20.0g,withcorrespondingtimeintervalsfor
tenoscillationsof12.52,11.67,10.67,9.62,and7.03s.(d)
ComputetheexperimentalvalueforTfromeachofthese
measurements.(e)PlotagraphofT
2
versusMand(f)determine
avalueforkfromtheslopeofthelinearleastsquaresfit
throughthedatapoints.(g)Comparethisvalueofkwiththat
obtainedinpart(b).(h)Obtainavalueform
s
fromyourgraph
andcompareitwiththegivenvalueof7.40g.
65.Review.Alightballoonfilledwithheliumofdensity0.179
kg/m
3
istiedtoalightstringoflengthL=3.00m.Thestringis
tiedtothegroundforminganinvertedsimplependulum
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1539
(Fig.15.65a).Iftheballoonisdisplacedslightlyfrom
equilibriumasinFigureP15.65bandreleased,(a)showthatthe
motionissimpleharmonicand(b)determinetheperiodofthe
motion.Takethedensityofairtobe1.20kg/m
3
.Hint:Usean
analogywiththesimplependulumandseeChapter14.Assume
theairappliesabuoyantforceontheballoonbutdoesnot
otherwiseaffectitsmotion.
66.ConsiderthedampedoscillatorillustratedinFigure15.20.
Themassoftheobjectis375g,thespringconstantis100N/m,
andb=0.100Ns/m.(a)Overwhattimeintervaldoesthe
amplitudedroptohalfitsinitialvalue?(b)WhatIf?Overwhat
timeintervaldoesthemechanicalenergydroptohalfitsinitial
value?(c)Showthat,ingeneral,thefractionalrateatwhichthe
amplitudedecreasesinadampedharmonicoscillatorisone
halfthefractionalrateatwhichthemechanicalenergy
decreases.
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1540
67. Ablockofmassmisconnectedtotwospringsofforce
constantsk
1
andk
2
intwowaysasshowninFigureP15.67.In
bothcases,theblockmovesonafrictionlesstableafteritis
displacedfromequilibriumandreleased.Showthatinthetwo
casestheblockexhibitssimpleharmonicmotionwithperiods
( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
(a) 2 and(b) 2
m k k m
T T
k k k k

+

+
68. Yourthumbsqueaksonaplateyouhavejustwashed.
Yoursneakerssqueakonthegymfloor.Cartiressquealwhen
youstartorstopabruptly.Youcanmakeagobletsingby
wipingyourmoistenedfingerarounditsrim.Whenchalk
squeaksonablackboard,youcanseethatitmakesarowof
regularlyspaceddashes.Astheseexamplessuggest,vibration
commonlyresultswhenfrictionactsonamovingelasticobject.
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1541
Theoscillationisnotsimpleharmonicmotion,butiscalled
stickandslip.Thisproblemmodelsstickandslipmotion.
Ablockofmassmisattachedtoafixedsupportbya
horizontalspringwithforceconstantkandnegligiblemass(Fig.
P15.68).Hookeslawdescribesthespringbothinextensionand
incompression.Theblocksitsonalonghorizontalboard,with
whichithascoefficientofstaticfriction
s
andasmaller
coefficientofkineticfriction
k
.Theboardmovestotherightat
constantspeedv.Assumetheblockspendsmostofitstime
stickingtotheboardandmovingtotherightwithit,sothe
speedvissmallincomparisontotheaveragespeedtheblock
hasasitslipsbacktowardtheleft.(a)Showthatthemaximum
extensionofthespringfromitsunstressedpositionisvery
nearlygivenby
s
mg/k.(b)Showthattheblockoscillates
aroundanequilibriumpositionatwhichthespringisstretched
by
k
mg/k.(c)Graphtheblockspositionversustime.(d)Show
thattheamplitudeoftheblocksmotionis
( )
s k
mg
A
k

(e)Showthattheperiodoftheblocksmotionis
( ) 2
s k
mg
m
T
vk k

+
Itistheexcessofstaticoverkineticfrictionthatisimportantfor
thevibration.Thesqueakywheelgetsthegreasebecause
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1542
evenaviscousfluidcannotexertaforceofstaticfriction.
69. Review.Alobstermansbuoyisasolidwoodencylinder
ofradiusrandmassM.Itisweightedatoneendsothatitfloats
uprightincalmseawater,havingdensity.Apassingshark
tugsontheslackropemooringthebuoytoalobstertrap,
pullingthebuoydownadistancexfromitsequilibrium
positionandreleasingit.(a)Showthatthebuoywillexecute
simpleharmonicmotioniftheresistiveeffectsofthewaterare
ignored.(b)Determinetheperiodoftheoscillations.
70.Whyisthefollowingsituationimpossible?Yourjobinvolves
buildingverysmalldampedoscillators.Oneofyourdesigns
involvesaspringobjectoscillatorwithaspringofforce
constantk=10.0N/mandanobjectofmassm=1.00g.Your
designobjectiveisthattheoscillatorundergomanyoscillations
asitsamplitudefallsto25.0%ofitsinitialvalueinacertain
timeinterval.Measurementsonyourlatestdesignshowthat
theamplitudefallstothe25.0%valuein23.1ms.Thistime
intervalistoolongforwhatisneededinyourproject.To
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1543
shortenthetimeinterval,youdoublethedampingconstantb
fortheoscillator.Thisdoublingallowsyoutoreachyour
designobjective.
71.Twoidenticalsteelballs,eachofmass67.4g,aremovingin
oppositedirectionsat5.00m/s.Theycollideheadonand
bounceapartelastically.Bysqueezingoneoftheballsinavise
whileprecisemeasurementsaremadeoftheresultingamount
ofcompression,youfindthatHookeslawisagoodmodelof
theballselasticbehavior.Aforceof16.0kNexertedbyeach
jawofthevisereducesthediameterby0.200mm.Modelthe
motionofeachball,whiletheballsareincontact,asonehalfof
acycleofsimpleharmonicmotion.Computethetimeinterval
forwhichtheballsareincontact.(IfyousolvedProblem57in
Chapter7,compareyourresultsfromthisproblemwithyour
resultsfromthatone.)
ChallengeProblems
72. Asmallerdiskofradiusrandmassmisattachedrigidly
tothefaceofasecondlargerdiskofradiusRandmassMas
showninFigureP15.72.Thecenterofthesmalldiskislocated
attheedgeofthelargedisk.Thelargediskismountedatits
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1544
centeronafrictionlessaxle.Theassemblyisrotatedthrougha
smallanglefromitsequilibriumpositionandreleased.(a)
Showthatthespeedofthecenterofthesmalldiskasitpasses
throughtheequilibriumpositionis
( )
( ) ( )
1/2
2
1 cos
2
/ / 2
Rg
v
M m r R

1
+ +
1
]
(b)Showthattheperiodofthemotionis
( )
1/2
2 2
2
2
2
M m R mr
T
mgR

1 + +

1
]
73.Anobjectofmassm
1
=9.00kgisinequilibriumwhen
connectedtoalightspringofconstantk=100N/mthatis
fastenedtoawallasshowninFigureP15.73a.Asecondobject,
m
2
=7.00kg,isslowlypushedupagainstm
1
,compressingthe
springbytheamountA=0.200m(seeFig.P15.73b).Thesystem
isthenreleased,andbothobjectsstartmovingtotherighton
thefrictionlesssurface.(a)Whenm
1
reachestheequilibrium
point,m
2
losescontactwithm
1
(seeFig.P15.73c)andmovesto
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1545
therightwithspeedv.Determinethevalueofv.(b)Howfar
apartaretheobjectswhenthespringisfullystretchedforthe
firsttime(thedistanceDinFig.P15.48d)?
74. Review.Whyisthefollowingsituationimpossible?Youare
inthehighspeedpackagedeliverybusiness.Yourcompetitor
inthenextbuildinggainstherightofwaytobuildan
evacuatedtunneljustabovethegroundallthewayaroundthe
Earth.Byfiringpackagesintothistunnelatjusttherightspeed,
yourcompetitorisabletosendthepackagesintoorbitaround
theEarthinthistunnelsothattheyarriveontheexactopposite
sideoftheEarthinaveryshorttimeinterval.Youcomeupwith
acompetingidea.FiguringthatthedistancethroughtheEarthis
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1546
shorterthanthedistancearoundtheEarth,youobtainpermitsto
buildanevacuatedtunnelthroughthecenteroftheEarth.By
simplydroppingpackagesintothistunnel,theyfalldownward
andarriveattheotherendofyourtunnel,whichisina
buildingrightnexttotheotherendofyourcompetitorstunnel.
BecauseyourpackagesarriveontheothersideoftheEarthina
shortertimeinterval,youwinthecompetitionandyour
businessflourishes.Note:Anobjectatadistancerfromthe
centeroftheEarthispulledtowardthecenteroftheEarthonly
bythemasswithinthesphereofradiusr(thereddishregionin
Fig.P15.74).AssumetheEarthhasuniformdensity.
75. AblockofmassMisconnectedtoaspringofmassm
andoscillatesinsimpleharmonicmotiononafrictionless,
horizontaltrack(Fig.P15.75).Theforceconstantofthespringis
k,andtheequilibriumlengthis.Assumeallportionsofthe
springoscillateinphaseandthevelocityofasegmentofthe
springoflengthdxisproportionaltothedistancexfromthe
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1547
fixedend;thatis,v
x
=(x/)v.Also,noticethatthemassofa
segmentofthespringisdm=(m/)dx.Find(a)thekinetic
energyofthesystemwhentheblockhasaspeedvand(b)the
periodofoscillation.
76.Review.Asystemconsistsofaverticalspringwithforce
constantk=1250N/m,lengthL=1.50m,andanobjectofmass
m=5.00kgattachedtotheend(Fig.P15.76).Theobjectis
placedatthelevelofthepointofattachmentwiththespring
unstretched,atpositiony
i
=L,andthenitisreleasedsothatit
swingslikeapendulum.(a)Findtheypositionoftheobjectat
thelowestpoint.(b)Willthependulumsperiodbegreateror
lessthantheperiodofasimplependulumwiththesamemass
mandlengthL?Explain.
Serway/Jewett:PSE8eProblemsSetCh.1548
77. Alight,cubicalcontainerofvolumea
3
isinitiallyfilled
withaliquidofmassdensityasshowninFigureP15.77a.The
cubeisinitiallysupportedbyalightstringtoformasimple
pendulumoflengthL
i
,measuredfromthecenterofmassofthe
filledcontainer,whereL
i
>>a.Theliquidisallowedtoflow
fromthebottomofthecontainerataconstantrate(dM/dt).At
anytimet,theleveloftheliquidinthecontainerishandthe
lengthofthependulumisL(measuredrelativetothe
instantaneouscenterofmass)asshowninFigureP15.77b.(a)
Findtheperiodofthependulumasafunctionoftime.(b)What
istheperiodofthependulumaftertheliquidcompletelyruns
outofthecontainer?