Ionic & CovaIent Bonding

7
th
& 8
th
Grade Science
November 27, 2011

Katie McCIanahan & Heather WheeIer


GoaIs
Established Goal(s):
-to understund how utoms bond or stlck to one unother
-to understund the structure of bonds
-to understund the dlfferences between molecules und utoms
to understand the difference between ionic and covalent bonds

Essential Question(s):
how and why do atoms create bonds with each other?
hat determines the strength between two atoms
ow do atoms stay "stuck together? hy?
hat causes one atom to be attracted to another?

ssessment
lass discussions
$mall group bonding challenge
$mall group presentations
nitial questionsassessing base
knowledge/current level of understanding

lsconceptlons:
O toms und molecules ure the sume thlng
O toms und molecules huve no
relutlonshlp
O uter ls u substunce thut contulns
nothlng
O olecule formutlon ls rundom


esson PIan-90 min
ENGGEMENT

Teaser-something catchy (demo/video???) (10min) K.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oe3$t1GgoQ
Liquid mountaineering

Beginning Questions:
Just how strong is water???
*f filled up a pool outside, could we walk on water?
hat does he know that we don't?

hat is water? O. hat is O?? t is two ydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

hy do these atoms stick together???

Things stick together because they're ttracted to each other and they bond!!!!

an you think of some things that are attracted to each other??
magnets.etc.

hat are things you're attracted to? I'm attracted to pizza!

hy are you attracted to certain things??? Because you like them!

Ok so we know that some atoms want to bond together and that some bond together
better than others. hy? hat happens?

Bond with a CIassmate ctivity (10 min) H.

You are each going to get an atom from the table.

EXP#TIN:

SmaII Group ChaIIenge: Construction activity (using marshmallows) (30 min) H.
$tudents will divide into pairs and will work to create models of atoms and then
molecules, using marshmallows, sticks, and gumdrops to represent nuclei, electrons,
and demonstrate shells.

hat do you know about the outer shell of an atom?
hat do you notice about the way atoms bond together to form molecules in your
models?
Are there any similarities or patterns that you can see?

$mall group challenge"using the materials provided, you have to build/construct
compounds using the materials provided.

*make sure you show the electrons and where they are in relation to the electron shells
surrounding the atom

You can construct any compound you wish.but if you get stuck have some examples
for you.

Potassium + odine
$odium + Oxygen
alcium + hlorine *these are all covalent bonds
Aluminum + hlorine
ydrogen + Oxygen

$odium + hlorine
Magnesium + odine
Potassium + odine
$odium + Oxygen *these are all ionic bonds
alcium + hlorine
Aluminum + hlorine

You have 15 min to do this, and then you'll be sharing your structure or structures with
the whole class.

$tudents will take a piece of paper and go around the room and look at other pairs
models, then come back and answer these questions with their partners again.

Then small groups will present their structure and explain to whole group. (1015 min)

EXPIN:

Mini-Iecture: the basics (15 min) K.

ow was that? as that hard???

A chemical bond refers to the forces holding atoms together to form molecules and
solids, and is determined by the number of electrons it has.

ow do you figure how many electrons an atom has??

Periodic table numbers do actually mean something!!!!

Look at the periodic table, and look at the atomic number. Atoms must have equaI
numbers of protons and eIectrons. Ex: an atom of krypton must contain 36 electrons
since it contains 36 protons.

Bonding & the Rules of Attraction
hat is a bond?

'll give you a hint..it's all about the electrons!!

Review of electron shells: 11

ChemicaI bond refers to the forces holding atoms together to form molecules and
solids. Atoms bond together when they share, loose or gain electrons and become ions.
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons does not equal the
total number of protons, which gives it a positive or neg. charge.

There are two types of bonds.

onic Bonds transfer electrons

hat's the recipe for table salt? Nal

*draw this out in electron shells, using the periodic table

how many electrons does Na have?
how many electrons does l have?

ovalent Bondsshare electrons

hat's the "recipe for water? 0

*draw this out! n electron shells

how many electrons does an oxygen atom have?
ow many electrons does an hydrogen atom have?

The smallest unit of a covalent compound is the molecule .the hence water molecule

Key Terms:

tom-the basic unit of matter
Compound- combinations of two or more elements
MoIecuIe- the smallest unit of a covalent compound
Ion- An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons does not equal
the total number of protons, which gives it a positive or neg. charge.
ChemicaI bonds the forces holding atoms together to form molecules and solids.
Atoms bond together when they share, loose or gain electrons
Ionic bond- transfer of eIectrons
CovaIent Bond- sharing of electrons

ovalent bonds are stronger, because.. The more sharing, the more strength.
the strength of the bond is based on the giving, sharing, or taking that occurs between
the individuals.

ompared to a rubber band being stretched.strong but not impossible to break

onic bonds are weaker.compared to two magnets being pulled apart

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29398-assignment-discovery-
chemicaI-bond-video.htm


EXPND

ab ctivity (15 min) H.

$tudents will work in groups of four and conduct a lab testing for properties of common
compounds to better understand the properties of covalent and ionic bonds.

$tudents will test for solubility in water, melting point, and electrical conductivity in solid
and liquid phase.

Meltsfast or slow?
s it water soluble?

onic bond examples: $alt water
ovalent bond examples: Paraffin wax & sugar water

Wrap up (5 min) H.
Ticket to leavedescribe an ionic and covalent bond

rite it out.draw it out.etc.

Materials Needed:
Marshmallows
Toothpicks
ce melt
ce
$ugar
$alt


** $ee attached.Bond with a lassmate Activity





$ource: From Understanding by Design Professional Development Workbook (p. 30) by
J. McTighe and G. Wiggins, ASCD.