SECTION A a (a) or, or, Rb is more reactive than K because Rb can give away/donate/ release its Outermost) electron more easily/readily. 1 positive op, Rb can form,ion more easily/readily. ("7 electyspositived a) The strength of metallic bond between Rb atoms is weaker than that between K atoms/ Rb can atomize more readily than K. a (DO NOT accept Rb has one more electron shell than K/ Rb atom is larger than K atom/Rb is below K in the Periodic Table.) (b) 2Rb(s) + 2H,0(2) 4 2RbOH(aq) + #,(g) 2Rb ¢2tho Soraboi +Hatd or, 2Rb(s) + 2H,0(£) —> 2Rb*(aq) + 20H"(aq) + Hg) “(uly (Formulae of reactants and products must be correct; award 1 mark for a balanced equation and 1 mark for correct state symbols.) (c) | Store under oil/paraffin oil/kerosene ree 1 i! (d) fear gloves/do not touch directly/use a pair of forceps/ wear safety spectacles (goggles)/use a safety screen /us sinalf pieces 5 Fivst answer only CSumecuphorwd no rtewk) gadne x (°? in clickomie motecsle X + ( suer onl 7 a (a) dluorine Cone-ans 4) con form distonic. melecsles ) fluorine is reactive/ye ¢ or, others are inert /unreactive/stable/colourless (qases). 141 (discribe Us propti¢s) — (nde gao. group 3er0) x (2) (b) Urea~methanal It is a thermosetting plastic (cannot be softened by heat) /the other substances are thermoplastics (can be softened by heat)1+1 (2) (c) Vinegar It is acidic/the others are alkaline us (2) (a) Nitrogen Tt cannot burn in air/the others can burn in air "aed of . @) No Ctom ga) x Monosodium glutamate (MSG) : flavour enhancer/to enhance (increase) flavour (taste) qed (08 NoT accept MSG is flavouring) Benzoic acid : preservative/toxic to (can kill) micro-organism (bacteria)1+1 Sunset yellow (£110) colouring /dye 14a (3 marks for the correct choice of 3 food additives; if more than 3 substances are chosen, deduct 1 mark for each wrong answer. 3 marks for the correct function of the chosen food additives) (6)4. Chemical knowledge (5 marks) When atoms of non-metals combine, they tend to share their(valence/ 1 outermost) electrons to form molecules. Electronic structure of a molecule e.g., HC1/Cl, etc. 1 (Any appropriate example) G)/ CO When metal and non-metal combine, atoms of the metal donate elections 1 to atoms of non-metal)to form cations/positive ions/metallic ions), } while atoms of the non*metal accept ' electrons to form anions/neqative ions /non-mei ic ions, . a (or, award 1 mark for electron transfer, 1 mark for the formation of cation and anion) Electronic structure of an ionic compound e.g. Natl etc. 1 (Any: appropriate example), : 0 Ne} - Harada bond (sy Effective communication (3 marks) General guidelines for marking effective communication : (iy (it) The mark for effective communication should relate to the candidate's knowledge in chemistry. A candidates who wrote a paragraph which is totally unrelated to the question should deserve zero mark both in chemical knowledge and in effective communication. The table below illustrates the relationship between the mark for chemical knowledge and the maximum mark for effective communication. mark for chemical knowledge | maximum mark for effective communication 4 or above 3 3 or below 2 In cases where the mark for effective communication is 3, points (A), (B) and (C) below will be marked. In cases where the mark for effective communication is 2 marks, only points (B) and (C) will be marked. The three marks for effective communication are awarded as follows : (A) the ability to present ideas in a precise manner (this mark should not be awarded to answers which contained a lot of aber: incorrect/superfluous materials); le? (B) the ability to present ideas ‘in a systematic manner (i.e., the answer is easy to follow); ee (C) the ability to present anawer in paragraph form and to express ideas using full sentence. 1 (3) 1 Ounynmey ) :axels’irks 3. Chemical Knowledge (6 marks) 7 i patty Titzate ammonia solution with (dilute) sulphuric acid until the end-point is reached. cmee 1th of, Add_(dilute) sulphuric acid to ammonia solution in mole ratio of 1:2 (1¢1) o concent rated. Evaporate excess water/heat to obtain a Saturated solution. +l [Ecol _siowly/add small crystals of ammonium sulphate the saturated Solution to obtain large crystals of ammonium L sulphate. Pilter/decant the saturated solution to obtain the crystals. 2 or, hang a small crystal of ammonium sulphate in the saturated a) solution as seed to obtain large crystals. 2 ’ (6) Effective communication (3 marks) General guidelines for marking effective communication : (i) The mark for effective communication should relate to the candidate’s knowledge in chemistry. A candidates who wrote a paragraph which is totally unrelated to the question should deserve zero mark both in chemical knowledge and in effective communication. ' (ii) The table below illustrates the relationship between the mark for chemical knowledge and the maximum mark for effective communication. mark for chemical knowledge | maximum mark for effective communication 4 or above 3 3 or below 2 In cases where the mark for effective communication is 3, points {A), (B) and (C) below will be marked. In cases where the mark for effective communication is 2 marks, only points (B) and (C) will be marked. (iii) The three marks for effective communication are awarded as follows : (A) the ability to present ideas in a precise manner (this mark should not be awarded to answers which contained a lot of incorrect/superfluous materials); 2 (B) the ability to present ideas in a systematic manner (i.e., the answer is easy to follow); 1 (C) the ability to present answer in paragraph form and to express ideas using full sentence. 1 (3)SECTION B i F 6. (a) (i) The BY ions/acia (in the toilet cle eact 1 the bleach (ClO and Cl) to give chlorine whic poisonous/toxic. ° 1 cl + clo + 2H* 4 cl, + Ho 1 or, Naocl + 2HCl —> NaCl + H,0 + Cl, a) or, Ht ions will react with the bleach (S0,* in SO, bleaches) (1) to give SO, which is poisonous/toxic. a) 50> + 2H" + SO, + HO s[K am (ii) (1) chemical : metals such as Fe/zn AX.(do not accept Al, Pb, Cu, etc.) 1 t (2) change : gas_evolves/eftervescence occurs/ metal dissolves axlasivt/ugenrrencin equation : Fe + 2H" > Fe™ +H, a or, (1) chemical + (trong Jalkalis/NaoH/KoH [caustic /wHs a) .(2) change : heat evolves/spillage of the alkali a equation : HY + or > HO ot a or, (1) chemical : carbonate/hydrogencarbonate ay (2) change : effervescence/co, gas evolves qa) equation : CO+ + 2H* —> H,0 + Co, / Hoos + HY > HO + CO, a (Accept full or ionic equation; equation should match ‘the chemical suggested.) (iii) hydrochloric acid is corrosive/irritating 1 (DO NOT accept HCl is harmful) {iv) (1) it is inert/does not react with HCl/the bottle is not easily broken/flexible/light in weight/can be moulded easily 1 quni2 (2) polyethene/polythene/polypropene/polystyrene/polyvinyl vO" chloride ete (DO NOT accept short forms e.g., PE, PP, PS ...) {DO NOT accept perspex/any name of thermosetting plastics) 7 i) (b) (4) Gold is very unreactive/inert/does not combine with other elements easily/ can be found free in nature. 1 (44) Copper /cu (deerg ans) (n+ okay mos) Cur Fe. (0 fist mak) because it does not corrode eas and 1 has a high metallic strength/is relatively chea) 1 (Award mark for explanation only if Cu Tegchosens) (4ii) (1) Al reacts with oxygen in air to form a( thin layer 1 Vv 9 oxide which is impervious (not_permeab: Ebgllaverof 3, ted fom Orth? oxygen/water and prevents the metal from further e corrosion. Cpratect prevest corrosive) X (2) {Rlloyinalwith other metals (e.g. Cu/Mn/Mg ...) 1 (DO NOT accept od with other metal) King cm Hg X (iv) (2) the price depends’ on its abundance in the earth's crust. 5 1 (2) Cost of extraction/cost in mining/supply/demand of the re meta (Aronapartation) x 45, @) correct spelling is required.7 (ap (i) Citric acid/vitamin C (ascorbic acid) when dissolves in 1 water gives H*(aq) which reacts with calcium carbonate t2 give gas _(S0,)_bubbles. 1 iene. caco, + 28" + ca +00, +40 A (DO NoT accept Co,* + 2H* —> co, + H,0) (ii) (1) Formula mass of Caco, = 40 + 12 + 16 x 3 = 100 1 mole of CaCO, gives 1 mole of CO, No. of moles of CO; evolved = No. of moles of Caco; present 3 = Bae steP/ans Fi = 6.25 x 10% Theoretical volume of gas = 6.25 x 10° x 24 dn? 10” = 150 cm (0.15 dm’) a} - (Deduct 1 mark for wrong/no units) (2) Some of the Co, produced dissolved in water / CO, is 1 fairly soluble in water . (iii) (Keep) out of moisture(water)/(keep) in a dry place 1 Reason : The amount of active ingredients will decrease/the tablet will lose function/the active ingredients 2 the ie will react in the presence of water. 1 fveme 3 er, (Keep) out of heat/(keep) in a cool place a ° Pm att) yy omignng? Reason : at high temperatures, vitamin c deteriorates/Caco, undergoes decomposition/the amount of active qa) ingredients will decrease/the tablet will lose function. (The warning statement and the reason must match each other.) (3) * step mark or. Keep oy fen aumnlight O because: yitanne @ cletevioreles O Cal03 decmepases xMarks (b) (i) ethene / cH,=cH, * 1 (D0 Baw’ accept CH.) catalytic hydrationt a Sates (41) CHyACH, + Br, > cHarcH,Be 1 (iii) (2) Ethanoie aciat 1 (2) B - Was ur 2 Wain — ‘ ia wry iu somna ©) oe legyom eihanel + pedefed OTe ssicem t dichromee ethanol ' + audefied (Heac) t potassiom _ : dichromate (Hear) . (Tf more than 1 diagram is drawn, only the first diagram will be marked.) deduct 1 mark for,wrong reagents/incomplete indication of reagents deduct 1 mark for closed/open system deduct 1 mark for wrong/no indication of direction of water flow deduct 1 mark for no indication of heat/¢ (maximum mark deducted = 3) (iv) pass the breath into Bcidified] potassium dichromate 1 solution. The colour of the solution will change from orange to green. t correct spelling is required(a) (b) ep mark (i) Gy (1) Sulphur dioxide/so, 1 (2) attacks respiratory system/produces acid rain/causes smog/toxic (Romi /air prllutimn) X ajfect » a (3) installation of scrubbers(pass fumes through alkalis) /2 use fuel of low sulphur content (1) carbon monoxide/co/particulate/carbon particles/ nitrogen oxides/NO,/unburnt hydrocarbons (only y 1 (2). . CO/earbon particles (particulates) /unburnt HCs : incomplete combustion (of fuel) 1 NO, : combination of N, & 0, at high temperature qQ) (3) CO: poisonous/toxic 1 or, unburnt HCs/carbon particles : causes smog /yiateen hifi (1) ore particulates : carcinogenic/causes smog Tay Umbint CHs or, NO, : poisonous/toxic/produces acid rain/ (iii) (i) or, or, (iti) (iv) (vy) (Photochemical) smog qa) (4) co/c particles/unburnt HCs : ensure that there is sufficient supply of air during combustion of fuel Jinstallation of | + catalytic converter. 1 or, particulates : installation of electrostatic precipitator bag filtration/centrifugation qa) or, NO, : installation of scrubber/catalytic converter a) water type fire extinguisher (wk#k~or fam) (2) 1 (Award 0 mark if fire extinguisher other than water type is given) Laie toxic x Co) cy sodium hypochlorite solution is easy to handleAleakage of toxic chlorine gas may require the evacuation of people living nearby/chlorine is stored in heavy steel cylinder which is difficult to transport. Test with litmus solution) /aye/pH the colour of the indicator/dye wi Te. (DO NOT accept blue litmus turn st and then white.) ay chek Smell $20 Add dilute acid to the sample, gre dsish veliow Shioring) ? a a) gas will be given off. add some pool water to a test tube containing potassium qa odide solution, brown colour of iodine will appear a) Formula mass of NaOCl = 23 + 16 + 35.5 = 74.5 Molarity of sodium hypochlorite = (5 + 74.5) x 10 as = 0.67 (M) - ot (Accept also 0.7 M, 0.671 M, 0.6711 M) 24x decoleurde, the red colour of the petal is bleached /tuym pink. /fadest fully 2 bleached pe ocl- + dye + cl + (dye + 0) (colourless 1) 1 Nook te Nae a x (Bo WoT accept Hoch + dye “> Hcl + (aye +0) (ay —(o) SL) X lectro ry ent rate: of 5 1 produces chlorine gas (at the anode) and NaOH 1 solution (from the electrolyte). Allow chlorine and NaOH to react to give Na0cl. a_ Eustis nt accented(b) ® steo mark ion on On , Marks boil f i} (4) Heat vegetable oil with sodium ‘hydroxide solution. as. Add concentrated NaCl solution/salt solution/brine/salt 1 out the soap. . Separate (filter) the soap from the solution. el (ii) Formula mass of the soap. = 12 (n 41) + (2n 41) #2% 16 + 23 = 14n + 68 a 300 < 14n + 68 < 310 16.6 (iii) From KI solution to KMn0, solution/from RHS to tus /counter clockwise yt fe = elected 4 (rs eben) (iv) 2Mnoy + 16H* + 1017 + 2Mn?* + 8H,O + 5I, 1 (v) (1) To allow migration of Tons between the two beakers. Ta {Accept to complete the circuit) (2) No. Sodium sulphite can be oxid eact wit! permanganate ions. L (8)