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A Flowchart on the Morality of War (Based on Robert L.

Holmes, On War and Morality [1989]) Keith Burgess-Jackson 11 April 2003 Are moral considerations applicable to war? No. This is positivistic political realism. [M]orality has no application whatever to international relations (page 56). Yes. Should moral considerations be applied to war? No. This is strong normative political realism. [Moral] notions should [not] be appealed to in international relations (57). Yes. Should moral considerations be decisive? No. This is weak normative political realism. [M]oral considerations should [not] be decisive in the determination of [foreign] policy (57). Yes. This is idealism. [S]tates ought always to act morally (57). Is war ever morally justified? No. I call this extreme pacifism. Yes. Is war morally justified today, given the technology that exists? No. I call this moderate pacifism. [W]ar in the modern world is not morally justified (14). Holmes is in this category. Yes, provided certain requirements are satisfied. The just-war theory falls in this category. [W]ar is sometimes morally permissible (49).

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