Presented by:

Aashish Bari
Sandesh Dhanawade
Deepak Jain
Siddharth jain
Rashmi R. Bokolial
Kanhaiya L.Gupta
Agenda
1. Transactional Analysis.

3. Interpersonal Communication.

5. Self monitoring Activity.

7. Issues influencing interpersonal

communication.

9. Case Study: Implication of T.A. & I.C.

for conflict resolution.
Transactional Analysis
 Transactional Analysis is a theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne
in the 1950s.

 Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a theory

which could be understood and available to everyone.

 Transactional Analysis is a social psychology and a method to

improve communication.

 The theory outlines how we have developed and treat

ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others, and
offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to
change and grow.

 TA includes 3 major areas that are –Ego States, Transaction,

and Strokes & Games.
Ego States
Parent Ego State – characterized by
domineering, over protective & loving, stern
and critical. It is illustrated by those who
establish standard and rule for other.

Adult Ego State – In this people attack

problems in a cool minded rational manner. In
adult state information is gathered, carefully
analyze it, generate alternative, and make
logical choices.

Child Ego State – submissive &

conforming, insubordinate, emotional, joyful,
or rebellious. Characterize by very immature
behaviors.
Transaction between ego
states
Complimentary transaction: It shows 3 possible
complementary. Transactions are complimentary if the
message sent or behavior exhibited by 1 person ego state
receive the appropriate and expected response from the
other person ego state.

P P P P P P

A A A A A A

C C C C C C
B. Crossed Transaction: It is occurs when message sent
the behavior exhibited by the 1 person’s ego state is
reacted to by an incompatible and unexpected ego state on
the part of the other person.
C. Ulterior Transaction: They are very damaging to
interpersonal relation because it always involve at least
two ego state on the part of 1 person. Individual may
say one thing but mean quite another.
Strokes and Games
Strokes: It means simply that beginning in infancy and
continuing throughout their lives, people need
cuddling, affection, recognition, and praise. People
don’t get positive strokes when they will seek out
negative strokes. The strokes is divided in to two
categories:-

 Positive
 Negative

Games: Games are set or pattern of transactions that

have surface logic but hidden meaning and attempt
to drawing in an unsuspecting participant. The
outcome of the games is always a win - lose
proposition.
Interpersonal Communicatio
n 
Interpersonal communication deals
with relationships between people,
usually in face-to-face private settings.

Interpersonal communication is the
primary way through which
relationships are created, maintained,
and changed.
Uses of Interpersonal
Communication

Give and collect information.

Influence the attitudes and behavior of
others.
Give and receive emotional support.
Form contacts and maintain relationships.
Make sense of the world and our experiences
in it.
Make decisions and solve problems.
Self Monitoring Activity
Communication ability
assessment specially
listening, conversation-
orientation & approach while
communicating with others.
Make sure to be honest
about your assessment.
Results
1. No 8 – 10 marks- good
2. No enough.
3. Yes
4. No 6 – 8 marks- significant
5. No room for improvement.
6. No
7. No Below 6- are poor in
proper communication,
8. No
needs to work hard to
9. No improve listening &
10. No other communication
skills.
Issues influencing
Interpersonal Communication
Personality conflict:

Each of us has a unique way of interacting

with others.
Personal opposition always based on :
personal dislikes,
personal Ego states,
personal disagreements,
different personality styles.
Example: Imagine the potential for a top level
personality conflict at EMC corp.., a leading maker of
data storage equipment.
M.C. Ruegggers was CEO for J.M. Tucci was working under
9yrs. him.
Gave up his position in 2001,due to Become new CEO in 2001.
personality conflict.

In 2002, interview he gave ‘A’ grade Tucci wanted to move faster to cut
to Tucci for innovation & Strategic cost, make acquisitions & introduce
mgmt. but ‘F’ in fin. Mgmt. because new software's.
of loss.

He is not interested one to one He ‘ld like to make one-to-one

relation. relation.
Make tough decisions slowly. Make tough decisions quickly.

He thinks thank-you is a sign of Tucci praises & thanks his troops

weakness. regularly.
Gender Differences

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Communication Barriers
between men & women:
Difference in style of conversation.
Both have different mind set, priorities and
principles.
Ways of dealing with the same situation are
very different.
A research shows that Men use to talk to
emphasize status whereas women use it to
create connection.
Cultural Differences

17
Cross Cultural
Communication
Barriers caused by differences among
perception.
Barriers caused by tone difference.
Barriers caused by semantics.
Same word mean different things to different
people.
Barriers caused by word connotations. Words
imply different things in different languages.
‘Politically Correct’
Communication:

How do you describe a person who is

‘wheelchair bound’ (as handicapped or
physically challenged)
Similarly, a blind or visually impaired,
Elderly or senior,
We must be sensitive of others feelings.
Should choose politically correct word.
Words might have the same meaning but
politically correctness refers either words are
soothing or hurting someone.
CASE STUDY
Heading off a Permanent Misunderstanding
Mindy Martin, Al Sharp, Walter Murdoch are working
together in an organization.

Mindy Martin and Al Sharp were good friends and all

three had very healthy competition between them as
they all were at the same level.

Martin was very hard working, ambitious and responsible

employee. Because of their hard work and good efforts,
Martin’s division had become the leader in the company
and the upper management had praised her lavishly.

She believed that with a good recommendation from

Sharp, she would get that promotion.
But unfortunately Murdoch received the promotion
and moved to Topeka.

Martin was shocked. It was bad enough that she did

not get the promotion, but she could not stand the
fact that Murdoch had been chosen.

She and Al Sharp had taken to calling Murdoch ‘Mr.

Intolerable’, because neither of them could stand his
pompous arrogance.

She felt that his being chosen was an insult to her.

When the grapevine confirmed her suspicion that Al

Sharp had strongly influenced the decision, she
determined to reduce her interaction with Sharp to a
bare minimum.
Relations in the office were very chilly for almost
a month. Sharp soon gave up trying to get that in
Martin’s favor and they began communicating
only in short.

Finally William Attridge, their immediate boss,

called the two for a meeting. William said, “we’re
going to sit here until you two become friends
again.

Martin resisted for a few minutes, denying that

anything had changed in their relationship, but
when she saw that Attridge was serious, she
finally said, “Sharp seems more interested in
dealing with Walter Murdoch.”
Attridge said that, Martin if you’re upset about
that promotion, you'd know that Sharp had
nothing but praised for you and kept pointing out
how this division would suffer if we buried you in
Topeka.

With your bonuses you are making as much as

Murdoch and if you work here continues to be
outstanding, you’ll be headed for much better
place than Topeka.

Embarrassed, Martin looked up at Sharp and

apologized for treating him unfairly.

The next day office was almost back to normal.

Martin and Sharp use to take a coffee break
Stages/ Ego Strokes Games Interpersonal
periods States Communicati
on

Before Adult Ego Expecting Friendly, giving informal &

Promotion promotion. time to each formal, face-to-
other, trust & face
enjoy free time communication
together. .
Promotion Parent Did not get the Chilly No
takes place Ego promotion. environment in interpersonal
office, not communication
listening to .
Sharp.
Cold war Child Ego Felt that was Cold war, Only work
period betrayed by avoidance & related short
Sharp. escape from communication
confrontations. .

Meeting Adult Ego Came to know New relation Healthy

and the truth, have been Communicatio
thereafter realized her established, n
mistake & more healthy & re-established.
apologized. strong.
Conclusion
Now with the help of Psychoanalytical theory
i.e. Transactional Analysis, Martin can
understand her different behavior in different
situation and can improve those behavior
which are not fruitful in those situation.

She can also use Interpersonal

communication as to understand the person,
real situation/conflicts better.

She can apply both to understand other’s

behavior so that she can negotiate with them
Any Question

Thank you