Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
"
#/.
$% & '
( ) ' * $+ ,
& $ 1 5 6 7 :! 0 .(
8)9
"#
"- 5
* !
"7
)
(
5
!
. "/
1" /
$!1 5
2 (,3
, $ - 5
.!
8)9 % $
:#
81
";" 2
5
!
& 5
!
/ $<
. $(.1 7) ? @ A<
B (.# )
.
C5 D
7 F 5
"/ .
, " E
!
!
!
( E ! ! G
. . 5 .* ; % 5 2? . %
51 / .
! ( E ! )7 IH
! 7 ; % 2- 5
* 8"/
, .
I E
2 # ;%
:(
."F
5
5
!#
8" /
+ E
JK
L
2M<#7
! K ! N%&
.5
..
%/
! PO
&
PQ
%3 $5 "
!
&
%& 5
2
* 8" / 2 , $
# !
#
P'< P 8 ! 0 "SC D ! . <
R
.. (
</
!9 5
.
!
% ;"
5"
7
? .
; & $.) 1 <
; & $( #P U) "
. ": #
www.nureldin.com
$(5 " A , )
.( P U) "
.) 1 < 5
/ V ;< $( G)
: (TAytyTAyty-sAb tAty)
"# 8 ?
&!
"
# 5 01F
2
! ;" !
* !
7 +,
?
Y
TAyty-sAb tAty
2
[ " %&
2
1
"K 7!
!% & !
'
' !
(H
.
imy-r H
$.
5
!
(
/
F#
( " !
%2 . K 2 .
- ! E
. 1" / . Z
K
["
2F
+ ,
(
* !
. E
8 5 M ( !
#
.\- 2 - 2
; 2
! M ( ! + , $M ( !
/ M (
$ ? [" ! "
%/ M ( ! .8 5 "- [
.
) & 8 5 ,
.
. .
"# 8 ? ) S [^ "_
"# )7 & %
) K 2 N%& .
. / 1
L/ 2
;%
$
- %&
$ "
! "@?
] H
( ! %2
.(Hwt-wrt 6
- !
& E- .
! .
K) ,
.8 5 E" " - /
. ! 5 $5" 0,
! ( + ', ( F R
?#
!
#
! . E 5 [ , 8 5
? Y $<
!(
$ K * 5&
%
.
F 5 , () N%&
:+,
!# ( "
S # 5S
S(
.( O``a $
www.nureldin.com
$
- ,)
: F I
GN
$S
! 7
/
5* 8</ "#P
K
! Y
2# %
@?
.(8 )
5& *
0, "#
"
H
, () N%& !
."F 5 P.
R
.(
, () !# C - [
.
B
F5 , %& $ (
&
L/? 5
( P EP [ ,
( ) ! 6 P5 Pb N (
$ , () 5
B
F 5 , % & $(8 5
/9 ; & $8 P\
,
(
&8
( H
.B P5 c & E
www.nureldin.com
"# $ %
'( )
! *+
2 3
7 *83
7<
! '(
'> %
'B#
'+ ,-.
&
/
( 0 1)
6.-3 4+5
6.-3 9:;
=>?@ A-BC
"# ) A-BC
-.!
'(-F '?:C
!G
I-$ +;0
JJ
K! I-$ +;0
L2 B
JM
I >?NB)
I +
JO
P -F = B$#
7 : 3<
HC
"B) B+;
K%. ?5
P -F "# $+;0
=; A-BC
=; 7<
Q #-+3%
=; 7<
H -B =:>;<
R ! S% H3
N5 UV-$ =:>;<
< $ )
K!
Y8C->
:#- >C
#-C : .
'
ME
"B) +;0 -
W8
' X?
MT
):("
"
( ')
# :% &
5 K
8 <
# 5 , ! 0 +*
G & $.
U
U (;" . )
<
$ & ! F# [ , "# . 7 +
? . # U I5 "
: & $
. F1 2
"# J"E !
.(
"
. )
(. F 1
$(
- . )
. )
.(J
[K
JK
.F 1
. 2 .
/
d
N%&
.<,
7)
7 :* +
P( ,
7 : $, ,
' (O)
(Q)
7)
' (e)
BK . )
[K
7 :/ . ' (a)
I(;" . &
7) 2 "# J"E !
\$(+ (
.8 5 2
K (
G * 8" / 5 6
2
:
JK
7 :*
7"
"
7"
"
[
.
www.nureldin.com
1 2
# 2 "# J"E 0 7
# J
. "
" " .F 1 "
.".
7" "
& $ 2 51 "G 2
J
1" 5& %7
&
!
" [ 2
!
( ! "#
$0 1
B", M # ! ! [/ &
3( )
" "
JK
# '
!
[ ,
!
1F ; & !
(
"
"
! .[
45 $ $
1 2 6 3
7 83
807 9 : 9,
$
;
< $ = >
* !
d $
B ,
$5
$5 1 R 1
.ah ? $(O``g $ & ) OE
0
;"
! - ! Y P & 2" #
E ? 0, 8" /
! 1F
M ( !- N
. (
! . K & L /? M 1#7 [K
\
5
d
$ , ! 2 ) ! 2"
N%& P [K
!
$! 1F
2 & "#
6% I
M
+ , 7
"# 8 ? 5 N (
f ! "#
N%& 5 L
;"
!
5 I - [
"# 2 d +
$
N%& # %7
. ( " ! #
; & ! '
$5
8F
&F
.
51F
!
N%& "# ! ? !
P5 7) 1 "G 2 " " JK
</ (
.
"# ' 2
5 "6 P P 7P 1 " ;"
# , !
8 M ( "# '
.
!
"[ !
! $(imy-r sS nsw
* N 2F .
$
* [ " %& !
$
/
' #
/ 1
2
E
(
!7 U) pr n nsw " " JK
7" ! %& .
/ .
$.
JK
L/ H / R
[
.E? ,
"# 8 ? B
[
- "+
& $"JK
"[
"- ) !
.H /
& J
(
."JK
7" (
7) iswy "V (
www.nureldin.com
&? &
% $[
.<
L"
B 5
* % 2
#
:" = >
@ (
.
. )
2 1" / .
"#
5 6
."6 : " 51 "G 2
$( ,
!
.. ( .<, 5 . 1"
",
.(imy sS a 6 : 5 7) ".<, [
.
" JK
7 &
5
5
" '
.
"# 0 #
5
G)
3 (?)
.. J
7) (. F 1
N%&
"[
&
&
!
( ! ;?)
d 5& "
.F 1
. 1F
F1 !
;% $ /
.
!E
# $0*
L/?
:
$,
3 (A)
(J
,
7)
.
2
5&
;"
. / / U 1 "G 2
$( /
.<,
7)
0, "
5"
0, " & 7 $! # !
7 7
M # ! ! [/
$ /
- 5 7
&
$
.
/
2# 5 F- ?- B",
1F $
2K E#7 $
2?
.<,
7 #
. %&
$.
$8 "
- "
N%&
/ + E ; % $5 " E ?
%/f 2"-,
@
/ .<,
5 2/
"# F
. ; % $ 2 "#
! 5
- "
1" .
2 7 7 %& $. (
F !
.2
7
5 2" ,
$ 2/ [,
$ 2F1 $
$ 2K ? 2- ;<
/ JK
,
. "- E
. <
8 F 8" / 2 R
JK
N%& "# ! -*
2?
E ? +
M ?
5# ( " 5
/ $ M5? " "# 8</ # 2 7 6 , "
["E $5
"
. #(
0
www.nureldin.com
!
;<
"
JK
. 2
:4
7 6 ,
1 !
$
$&
3 (C)
# $(. 2
7) 2 "# !
\- 5 J"E
[c
U (+ (
[K
B K . ) 2 "# J"E
;"
# !
R
.
;" - E ! .'
1"
+( 5
J? $[K
+,
I! ? "# E
.'
jM
!7 2
"# "
. 2
!
2 2 .
$;"
( ) %2 ! - ! % $! 1F
& 1F
2#
2 $!
. &
!
7 L/
#
5 .
1" /
#
5
.! 2 #
R
& ! 5& $ 2 % K * "
[K
"
2# 5
.
.[K
, & 2
# & $
["
8F ! E" . !
7 7
/
B", M # !
"
N%&
.[K
+(
5 7
5
. F?- B", M # ! $5 " 5- ?
&
2
- 5
#
&
[K
8F
%& $ &% 1
"[K
BK " 7
8F
"# [K
"
? . F?- B", ! ' K [/
!
"#
, & 7 2 $! " 1 !
7
%& ' K * !
". " A<1 "# J
+,
.". / "
!
! "#
$
/
2# 5 F
7
.! < !
& !(
!#
7 !
8 ?
;" 2$[K
(,
[K
7 P
:! * 7 &
5
/
# "#
! [K
+, 5
& :
www.nureldin.com
%1
8"
& : /
P5
.
E ? +
! 1^" _
E ? + 0 1 :, +
[K
!
I
9
/ F$G ; H
; I E (
)
: : B$ + (
! N G
(
. * %7
J E
DE :
K I E7
H
LM 1
./
.ek
. - E
. /
8
. F
"
5"
2#
. l *D
"
) !
$ F-
! 2,
/
."
"#
8F
R
"
3 :Q ( 2
N%&
" [ ,_
&
!
5*
"#
_#
2#
!
2#
"
/
5
[
" S [" &
?- B", 5 ' # "
N%&
6
" : 2 ! 1F
! #
807 < D# ;7 ; $
; $ # -& R/ (5 K D $
.$
-& (<( K D) K D
K
807 < DS
-& (<( / (5 ) / (5
:$T 2 807 < D# ;7
www.nureldin.com
.
F
807 O
):K
5 ;% .
, ."
[
! $! * 7
!
$Q "(!
0 7. !
*
$2
>=
9
/
4 5
6 E . # ; IE;
4
H ;
E
B
?$
# (
#
;$
,
?
3 K
6 ,H
#
. B
$!
.
F# !
7 .
"# %K
. # ( 5
."! 2,
.
.! /
:. 7 +
7
6 ( .
3 8"
& :U
B( Z
Q2
E Z H 9
.... / [ Z
.e`
?$
Q2
d
"# 8 ?
' (&)
7
& ./
/
X V
7 : ( (I E
O ,
E
M
$Y
.
.5#
7
U" # (
" ( D
U
9
; - 0B
DE :
M
H 807
:$ 7
(V& W
DE 0>
D(H " B ($
W $, " KI H 7
D(E .O H
:(
"
"
$ "(
/ !
: 7
" (/)
" (\)
.\ $(# " ( )
.L /
www.nureldin.com
7.
;T5 );
83
K5 B & 2
; )
: ;
.aa
81
"# B
M
DE :
Z0$ ; I E ] ; ,^ ;T5
Z0$ ; 0
?$
2-
N%&
7 $E
. &
/ "
, ! )
!
% "M . B K " [ )7 & , "#
[
;% $ ! "6 P8 c" ;" 2# 5 "[ "
P " $
/
K 5 : # % " P6 "
5
. .) f 8
BK 5 "
6
& [ ;%
!
$
/
."6
"[
:( 5
.
(mS P U)
( ,
;B 5
# ( 5
2"# -*
;" '
. "
G $N
"# ( 0"
0"
!
" . 1P
E
&
3 _ ) ' :Q 2 2
3)
3) & (K "
, (
(/
7 .
2 $"\
.
" ( 8 ?7 . 2 7
\
.[&% . $ ? . $! * 7
.
* 5 6
. 5 5& 2 7 %7 $!
( 22 ?
!
!( / 5 +
$< M
! + , 5 [K
.# %7 *
# 1 !( /
7 $
K
.; %
www.nureldin.com
! $! #
5 H , [K
!
. #
H ,
- R
$
( $
F
E
0E )
, ! ! 1
5
61 !
?
"#
# 7 $
1 [K
.
$
. 5 F1 D ! [&% !
7 $. ,
R
M[!
. ?
76
5 +,
J*
F
!
(" !
$.
N%& "#
.
'
$#
# 8
,
(/) \
.
2
. " %K
&F N
2F $
! ;% $
) !
5*
[
6
2
.M
[
M
!
$2
!
!
!
5 8f
(/ .
$(
0,
(/)
. ! $(5" 0,
2 "# J"E
%
) !
$
.
#
5
F1
) %& ! H ; % ! I"V ( \
R
M
5
! * 7' * E
0,
"# 5" 0, ["@
<R
["@ 5" 0, "
(/
. ? 5 8
- ! G
"
N%2 ,
* 7
(/ .
/
%
2- ; % %
" !
.
R
$' ?
(
7 . ! $"V ( \
.
"
(/" !
$"V ( \
.
" [ M (
.H / JE
5 !
&
" (mS
P5 7) imy-r prwy HD 2 . 2F
.2 #
$" , (
(/
(
7 2- .
!
/
8
.1 /
! F < .M ( ! Qa ! , (
(/
en ! !
%
2F * $" (/
" (mS U P5 7) imy-r pr HD
K
!
.[ " %& ! "
M ( !
$5 2- ,
* < (/
7 !# ! "-1
K
M)]& 1 /
. (
E" . ! #
7
, (
(/" !
! #$
%
U
www.nureldin.com
F1 "# , (
(/
(/
2
! ' # !
.,
'
2 ,
"
(K ,
-"
/
$"
" +
F . *<# (/" .
(K , H / .) , + $" "
) .M (
G
7 $E
1 ! G
.,
%2 .
(" V (
& "V ( \
.
$
! - F1
1"
"
& - !
(
.
2 7 $[K
, . 5 [E-" "
+ ' 1" "V ( \
. " !
.
! % ;" ! !
! 1F "
2- .
.. # E* N%&
3
F . # E*3
K
"
:5&
* +
" !
[,
- "
5 .
! "
(/
? ) <@
7: $
( nswty (Q)
7) !
. , /
7 (e)
. (/ .
:/ M "
. ) M?3 ;% $
/
2# 5 (/ F
2# 5 ! F < .5
[&% 5E
!(/ !
! "@? 5 "
5 M F# ! 1F ; & !
8 ] ! "[&% . " ! R
; % + $[&% .
.
" /
www.nureldin.com
(a)
3 / () ' ( )
*
([&%
Y
!
1F
"
! 'M(,
.
.
"!
;% !
K
2# 5 0 '
F <
$"[&% . ' " 0 1 .* 5 "V ( \S
R
!
! "V ( [&% . " ! p
!
!
# 5 '
[&%
& . (
< M / 0 "# !&
;% .
!
5
/
; % "#
$
/
!
2# 5
E
5 . * 5
'
8" . 5
/
/1 5
E
5
/ $!
7
; % $ & 2#
.; % 9
- 5 '
5
F- 0
[&%" .
;"
- : 5 & ? %7 $
/
H ! ) $0 1F
"# [&% ! M ?
Y P.
8
! ' , '#
."[&% + ( " [ 2 "# J"E ! 0
%& !3 $6(
& [&%
5
. 2- ; % * ! F
E P;?
( D ) \
KT[
; ,
!3
2# 5 # ,)
6( ! 0 I"6
"
E N%2 .q
R 5
/ I- "- 6 /
"
: . %7
G! P H , ! +(
;%
( nswty (&?)
:( 5
! 'M
' ,
5
%& ! %7
imy-r "V (
<@ !(/
" [
!3 $ .
/
8
* 2F
(5
P5 7) nswty
" [ " !r s Qn 8
5 , !
- .
N%& .M ( ! QQ 2 ! ! $"V ( <G
!(/
/.
.2 # 2
5& 2" < H
"#
5 I[K
! <1 2- 5
5& " (,
"
! & G
- E .
# (
!
.
.
N%& ! ; %
! .0 ?
.,
[
! (/ 5&
? 1F .
;<
! (/
www.nureldin.com
; % IL/
"#
*)
5 ' &'
[-" . 5
8] ! 0 ;% 7 8
$
5 M %@ B
& (/ !
'( / '
+ . 5
, ! 1F
.
! 'M(,
. (! ? ) ! F < ; % ! .
2# 5
. <
75
F#
&
/
"-
2# % , (
K .
., (
( ? )
! , ;% . (
(! ?) $[ ,
I ?- B",
H / (! ?) ; & .
."
(/ *<# 2 B $ " . 1 ?
(! ? ) "
.
<@ ( ? ) "
5 $[&% .
(/ 5
! M # $, (
<@
.
<G
&
!
. -
8" / 5
_ ' ? # ;" . $8 5 (! ? )
7
! F# # N # L /
7. 2
$. -E
."! " 8F
: ! ;% F <
.!
:;
> ."
# (!
7) 5&
/
7 "# (! ? )
7 ?
"# F
!
& $ c . 7 ist DfA 1 "G 2
2# 5 , ( .
. " [E-" "
" 6
2 ! ." , ( !
7
" &
/
;% 0 !
."!
" 2
B K "# J"E
.' ? 5 "
" /! "
7
?
1F !- ! !
!( / (!
% , %7 I\- 2 - !# (
$R"
"# F
! 1" ! 1F
$R
!( /
5& H /
7 !# "5 5SUU"
.
7 (/
.
$'< $! (
F1
www.nureldin.com
? ) !7
J*
-? !( /
/ $ ."( /
7"
!
5
! 5
/ ]
.(O`
: , /
\ 1 !
7 [", .
%7 . ? *
.
*
"# ! $
" '
!
1 .
& ! * .
',
! .
$8
;" " 5 K
; " 5 )"
7 ;
, (e)
5 .
!7
"# .
$; , [K
2 "#
/
!
% F <
,
3 ' 1" !F
7
2)
! "
/
. (, ,
"# .
*! !
%& 5 (! /B " ) , 7
E
.
;% .
(, ! . (
7 [", ! ; % $ 2! 0
"#
:
.! (5 G) "5 /" ;"
5SUU" 2# 5 (
) ! "./ 5SUU" # L/? ; &
<"
[&% . 5 $ , !1 .
B K [ " "5
*
.
. - ! "#
!
%& .". U
"# 1" /
? 5
!
2
8 ?7 .
# ;% $
"# ' , ". U < " 7 E
# !1 ;" 2
$8 M
'
$
6
</
0"
7 ' /
$
5
.". U < " S 2 S
"# 8 $ @
* ?
,
:
, "
(C)
2 !
$
!(/ 5
!
+, .
!
1
" .' * ' F
F .
1" / 6 ! [K
!
"# H
$
/
2# 7
.
/ ) . , $ - " 2 " d ... R"
$( / !
www.nureldin.com
. " - N%&
! ;?) $! 1" / ! 1F
7 E- ( #
.2 ?
!( / 5 - H ,
M(, 5 , $'
- F "# K * .
N%&
# # 5 ;% +
* $
' / ! 07 2
$ , ! [,
%
6 , "#
2
$
H /
5 $
[
! * %/ % V / "# 5
; & .
.
+,
$+
1 L/
& ! -1
M
0 , $8
"#
/9 M(,
! 2 ( , $ E- 5 ( #
.
/). ,
.2 1
"
!
6
7.
):
5
/
# N%2
d
E
;%
p "/
F#
*7
H
0"
$ F
5
"
B K [DH
:Q B
! $(. ) 1 "G 2
.
/ "
; & ! , $2#
& &?
"# $
2# 5 &%1 . 5
. 0" f
! (
@?
. 5 6<
&? .
5
$
,
" ("
. 5
$ F- .
E M ; % $J ? ! !
G $'
hg 2
E
"# ) " 1 ; %
% 2, H
$
N%&
H
"#
$2 !. F- . # ?
"
d
2 * 5
.(
%
-
. (G 8 B
t" !1
# "# H
.
6
0
. 5 E?
- ! 1F
! 2
%1 5
! 1
5& $"5
@?
" "
"
$, (
2"-,
" (.
! . . P5 7) [
www.nureldin.com
3 "
*7
N%&
5
( 8 ?7
" (.
6 :
-
P5 7) [
$" "
." "
@?
@?
& .%/ %
.!
- ! 2F& . * & 2# 5 %7 $ F#
N
"#
' F# ' #
#
.- ; %
?&
7 (,
& !) 8 E
2 ,
(6 ) B ?
- M?3 ; "
/
2# 5 .( & .
- @?
"
5 ' E '
("
N%&
"#
?7 ; & ! & & F
#
imy irty kAt nbt [ , Y $
2 7 +,
$;"
# + , "# 8 ? ( . . 5 7
(
(. ) . . P5 7) imy-r kAt nbt (nt) nsw [
% '
;"
# +
$ (
2 5
! J
$
)
M
V / ) ,
, " . 7 2 2
. (< " 7 ." ? $!1
' ! 5"-1
@?
$ (
*
. N
! ;% $
@?
"
@?
"
7) nsw
R
#
8
#
!3
.
!
% I F?- B", M #
"
! K? )7
)
%& !
. / 0 @? "
0 ! :,
[" '
! " ! /9 !
; &
5
"
K
" " 6
/R
# 5 [
; % "#
$ "
(K , 5
"
& .
$! " !
- B K (.
A ) [ " 2 "#
[ ; % $N G 0"
% 2
(
%
$
B 2 ( #P U ! A ) 5 " 5
B 2
$
+
! & F $!1 B 2 (.U A )
. 5
N%& 0 "# .
N%& $: ,
5
7
#! M
,
Y www.nureldin.com
5SUU" S
,
"
2
,
! [ ^D
.
.
jM 2
( ! jM
F- ; "
'
5SUU" 2# 5 '
.<
."s u
/
5
$
,
!# '
@?
"
.< [
! .M
,
# *
$ * $ " .
7 (.
["E %7
s- '
. /
$" "
):
( " (5
."5
.
$B
6 : )
/v D
:Q
5 )0
&
,
!
imy-r [ '<
"H
. .
" ( B * ."
.H
. .
(k . P.
P5 7) Hwt-wrt 6
) ! $!
8 K )
- 1 .%
&
! 1F
\- 0 # w _ ;" !
..
"# )7 & %
. K
.
!
! % ;K [ ,
5
1"
5 5
" 0 [ "E
5K * [ ; & !
! - , $! 1F
! .! E ! E
/
6(
,
$6 ( 5 F " (. Sc Sc) DADAt
K * K
? "#
, 0 1 F $": [ " # 5K
[
%& !
! K
! 1F
M)]& !
.M
N
F . 2,
5
E $2 E !
! .
!
2
$ 2" ,
2
%1 ! -E
$
\- "# '
8 ?
2
/ !
! !
$ K
!
P K
.
. K 2 ;" !
IE ? . F
</ ! ; % $+*
\
"# *7 P' /
' # 2
%& $ &% 1 "#
7 ! ! - J
.
2# 5 ! 1F
[ ! R
" $M
;% $
/
5 "
- + , 5
1 !# F 8
www.nureldin.com
/
!
#!
1
2 B
') ,
- .
!" ?
!
/
[
$
#
B
5
M (
' 2F ! "w
/ 2 /
2 !
.
:
.2
P
1
$ - [
"# H ? 6 7 (O)
F" 2 "
.
.0, / M "8 ?
"
/
$ .2
/
#
?5
F (Q)
F-
2#
!
!
5 Y
.<,
!
$6 ( .
$H / 2, !
/ 8 E
2,
H $ K
. K 2 ;" &
5
!
.
x. M ,7 # $
,
&% 1 [ ,
;" ! N /9 7 .. &% 1 # [,
*5 2 & - KE
. 2" , [,
):
9 D :Q
BK
2 E ? ( 2, B
( ! P : E ? BK
*
( 2, E ? 8 .
- 8 5 2 "#
2 .' E ? ! !
: , , r+s _
$
$;"
K
E ? 2 ! !
P :E ?
.
<
/ ! E " !
!
$. ,
+ , !# '<
$ , / +K
"# [K
, $ /
!(
6?
. ,
. $ &(
! ,
'
.
E ? 5
(
cS
"
" cS " " * !
N%& .M , $ E ?
,
"# J"E
$"
N%& !
!
E ?
, !
# G $
www.nureldin.com
$E ? R
1 2 ,
"
. 2" E ?
: :$
E ? :.
B
$ -
N%& # &
N%&
"# J"E [ " v%s/u 2
$,
9 D
/
/ 8 5 E ? ( 2, y
E ? $ 2
E ? $ / E ?
:5&
$ "
.5 "
"
E ?
.
5 F
!
F1 2 E
M
.
$
E ? M ]
K .
</ ! $ 2
F
!
2 "# 8 ?
2 JE
! E- !
! ",
M
;" 1 !
, # ,
E ? ( 2, B K
8E
/9 5 2 E
!#
! 7
! , "# ",
F
?
$
'
! 0
/
[ )7 0 B '
!
! 0
$ (,
\- 2 # K& 5 V
!
#
@
.
" " ; &
! " 0
" !(/
7'
F
? $B
2
7!
F- 5 V
!
.' ' "
"
,
8 5 K
K
E ? .
! . ! - . (
E 5 "
E ? "# M 1 ) # 2
'
2
.! 2,
/ E ? ; & ! 0
& 7 !
M2 H
!
f ;" 2
5
" ! 1F
M) H
/ !
! f L/ $
F 2 </7 : -" 2K)
%& ,
07
. *
"# ( "
;"
7 &
. E
2# % ( 2,
M
$ "
.<
[ # &
!
J E %& ! f
! R
$ , ! ?
.<
%&
J
! -,
..<
"
2
! $ 2 [ , ? 1 .
2 E ? ( 2, , \ @
www.nureldin.com
- !
%
-
!
2# 5 !
0 1F
- B
. (
5
2 < .&) \
# (
B< /) +
E ? $
! - 5
,
'(
2
/
'
/ E ? ( 2,
& 1F
-" ! Y I F
J"- .
2
/ !
F $V / 5 0 "
0 E
# !
$
# ! &<
E
2# 51 .0 & +
- E [
$ 2 "# # 1 J G
# ? ! < ! < $! "- ! 1F
#
!1 ! )
?
M)]& !
$ F
"# F
:@
. "
E ?" B $ 2 B K
- . "
.- $
2# ! 5 8
5
"B A U" ! <
' 8 - $ &% 1 2 2 ! E"
( 8
- , B K " 0 1 .* 5 ! 5 B
2# 5 A U 2
- !
- !
2 !
."A U
.' 2?
. 2
$8K E
?
B / B
2# 7 +, 5 !
!
!% 2
6( < $ 2 *
- 5
F 7
2? 2 /
! 7 - 5 2
!
!
%& 5 . x 5 2?" ( ! jM #
!
! [
* B
"# ' K * !
- 5
F ! "#
$; % - ' K ? ' K ? 2 E" !
%/ 2 !
$
5"
B
.
/ "#
2 E ! E
%/
www.nureldin.com
- [ *
- ! J"$
"
) 2# 5
"*7 8
"# A U . 2 E
2# 5
/ $! ?/
M #
A U. 2 B !
# ! ?. & 2# 5 !
'
2# 5
$5 " B
E ? ' /
2 ' /'
2
! , ! 1" / J $! # B
"
6
, " $"6
[
": 0 E
!
)
# + .! # 1 ?
2E
2F
"# 2 "*7 8
[ 5 ! ? 5" B
E ? ,
[? B *
E" [
6
! " $
*
K&
A
. *
5 . *
$ 2
B ;" " !
! $B 2 . # 5
1 5
'
0 R
$0
0 G 5 ;" + L / -? 0 @ <
; % $0
0" 5 0
!
E
0"
5 +
B
+ ""
" 5 H
" .
e
5
.
8 !
/ .
2 5 # 8 M
1 N%& ; " !
2"@
$
2# 5 2K 0? ? 2
E
,
- !# ' - 2
!# ' - &
* 5 M/ < 2 8
& "$.*]
, 5 ; % 9 2- M
; " ! $[ ,
E
[2
.! 9 2 +
2#
F5
*
,
2# 5
-" R
*_ !
! 5
8
5
! , <
'
$5 "
5 F# !
.5 "
E ?BK
7 A US ;"
0, / # ! # 1
5
1" /
& & F [^"E 5
; 4
X $ $
.(`gPkn) :
www.nureldin.com
5" B
N K -?
2 .
0 2 M
K :
& 0, ;
$( 5
07 (
A
R" % 0 cQ $ .1 Cab 8$
C?`
& kOPhz $aQPag :Op $( O``k $ & )
!
N 1
[
0
"# F 1
2 F
" E ? . * !
( #
;" L / 5 " B ["E
$ 2K
. < 6 8" / 5 !
?
5 "E
2- 5
E ? (
.
E 5 -* 2" 2 IB 1 < 5
B "EU S
* R
.(! ? ) B U & "*7 8
!
E
www.nureldin.com
::
&X
# ;7 )
Klaus Baer, Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom, The Structure of the Egyptian
Administration in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties, The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois (U.S.A.
1960).
Naguib Kanawati, Governmental Reforms in Old Kingdom Egypt, Aris &
Phillips Ltd. (Warminster, 1980).
Nigel Strudwick, The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom, The Highest
Titles and their Holders, KPI (London-Boston-Henley and
Melbourne, 1985).
Naguib Kanawati, Mereruka and King Teti: The Power behind the Throne.
Preface by: Zahi Hawass, with photographic contributions
by: Effy Alexakis and drawings by: Sameh Shafik, First
English edition 2007, Supreme Council of Antiquities Press
([Cairo], 2008).
Dilwyn Jones, An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the
Old Kingdom, 2 vols., BAR International Series 866 (I &
II), Archaeopress, Publishers of British Archaeological
Reports (Oxford-England, 2000).
::
&X
89
# ;7 )
www.nureldin.com
William A. Ward, Essays on Feminine Titles of the Middle Kingdom and related
subjects, American University of Beirut, First published
(Beirut-Lebanon, 1986).
::
5
&X
5
N
$(
) $5
$ 1 # !
/
d
" " $( O`na $
.( QggO $[ "
-
N
"
$!
$S
" $ " !
- ,)
<
# ;7 )
M )
0 F $
3 ;
# 1
8 ?7 $[ ? ]
- ,P[
K 2 ) O`` #
S # 5S
S(
R
/ . 8 ?7 $ ?
G N
d
* [
.(S& OaOh / O``a $
Wolfgang Helck, Zur Verwaltung des Mittleren und Neuen Reichs (Leiden,
1958).
Wolfgang Helck, Materialien zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Neuen Reiches, 5
Bde, AMAW (1961-1970).
Abdul Rahman Al-Ayedi, Index of Egyptian Administrative, Religious and
Military Titles of the New Kingdom, printed by Al-Sharquia
Press, Obelisk Publications (Ismailia-Egypt, 2006).
: :(
S
(
$
$ /
. F < ..
S
] :5 $". S
$Qgge
F
P
c
$(! 2 5
# 1
8S " $S/
# )
QnPQh ! $.
$ K
E?
.ahPQe :
"*
K 2 $E E/
M(, $(d
!
) $ E
2
/ . 8 ?7 $ ?
www.nureldin.com
&
$- B
PO`za
;
#
J ?
.( O``O $
* %
[-: 8
W; 1: -0 9;]
) - ,
S?# B S
$. ", e $ E
2
$(
9)
d
5
?
"/
# / $
5"# N # !
.( O`z` $
- ,) [
" $d
: C
J ?
J ?
M(, $
$(Ok)
&
07 8
G
c
/ . :8 ?7
*$ #
:" "
) - ,
5 !
- ,)
S "*
5 H
.( O``` $
$ &
:" "
$(O )
!
$ S
$; :
-
@, [ , \- R 5 "
:
:'
$
M(, $M (, a $ E
# 5
/ $( O`zg & )
/ -E $
OgznPOhng)
: -,
[(-
www.nureldin.com
$51
#5
/ . ,
$,
d
7 45
R
$-
&
",
.aeQ
$( .J
$ /
K &P[
" " $ / !
,
/
( ) (O) # $[
K 6 ?
.( O`zh $
, $
$ & )
- 5
[S S
S $W ( ;
# / : -,
.( O`he
+S S?S $/ 9
& ;
.(O`nQ $ & )
5 5"/
/ -,
$
K
6 ? $ /
$( O`zk $
&
E ? R
3 ;
$5# ,) d
:
$
[.
-,
$51
/ . -,
$ E
$ " "# B", $} [ , 5"# }
.( Qggg) OeO # $ , "
; 5 /W ( .Z.< /
3 .X.& .&
: , $S
S
-E $
$J
.( O``k $[ "
$ ( & . $/
B
. ,
[, .
5
6 ?
V.[ $ 5 $ V.[
/"
; 5 /; ( \
S,- RX
/ : -,
$ < !
K2 )
$5 , , & : , $
5 S
BS
1
$(Oa) *
1 [ $N ( E ( / : -,
.(O`z` $ & )
- E $+ (
? .
"
# 1 % P
3<
5 .
]
$!
R;
< >( .
1
$! &
] : ,
E
7 K
O``h $ & )
- E $+ (
?
.
"
.Ozn $OekPOeg $OghPOgQ $kgPQa :' / $(
. -, $5 , , & . , $
$(Oa) # $ 1 [ $
.Qk $( O`z` $ & ) + (
.(
www.nureldin.com
- E $ ( E (.
? .
" 1
$K
Z(
Z(
RK
Z(
& ) $5 # 1
$(5 )
- :
.OOkPOOe
$5
M(, $
$5 , , & : , $ S # 1
S
$ " "# B", ) "az * " , " 5
& B(
R;
R
0
(
6 ?
.( O``z
) QV $
R; :
.Ozh
www.nureldin.com