Regular Projections of Knots, Links and Spatial Graphs

Kouki TANIYAMA
Expanded Abstract Let G be a nite graph. A regular projection of G is a continuous map from G to the plane R2 whose multiple points are only nitely many transversal double points of the edges. If a regular projection : G R2 has n double points then there are at most 2n lifts of up to ambient isotopy. Here an embedding f : G R3 is called a lift of if f = where : R3 R2 is a natural projection. Then we say that is a projection of f . A regular projection : G R2 is called identiable [1] if any two lifts of are mutually ambient isotopic. On the contrast : G R2 is called a completely distinguishable projection [3] if there are actually 2n dierent lifts of up to ambient isotopy. A graph G is planar if it is embeddable into the plane. An embedding f : G R3 of a planar graph G is called trivial if there is a 2-sphere S in R3 such that f (G) S. Otherwise f is nontrivial. A regular projection : G R2 of a planar graph G is called a knotted projection [5] if no lifts of are trivial. By P ROJ(f ) we denotes the set of all projections of an embedding f : G R3 up to ambient isotopy. In this talk some results concerning the concepts listed above are introduced. In particular the following two results are announced. The rst one is the characterization of the projections of the nontrivial embeddings of the generalized handcu graph Hn . The detail will appear in [2]. The second one is the characterization of the union of the projections of two 6-crossing knots P ROJ(62) P ROJ(63). The detail will appear in [6]. We also refer the reader to [4] for related topics. 1

References
[1] Y. Huh and K. Taniyama: Identiable projections of spatial graphs, J. Knot Theory Ramications, 13, 991-998, 2004. [2] T. Koriyama and K. Taniyama: Identiable projections of certain planar graphs, in preparation. [3] R. Nikkuni: Completely distinguishable projections of spatial graphs, J. Knot Theory Ramications, 15, 11-19, 2006. [4] R. Nikkuni: Regular projections of spatial graphs, this volume. [5] K. Taniyama: Knotted projections of planar graphs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 123, 3575-3579, 1995. [6] K. Taniyama and I. Toda: Regular projections of six-crossing knots, in preparation.

Department of Mathematics, School of Education, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan