SPOW (Performance Optimization Workshop)

Performance Optimization Workshop
Kim, Ji Hoon SAP - Active Global Support February, 2008
Agenda
Analyzing Tools
Database Access Optimization
Internal Table Optimization
Case Study
SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 2
Analyzing Tools
Analyzing transaction steps SQL performance trace ABAP runtime analysis Performance Optimization Examples in SAP system
Analyzing Transaction Steps: Overview

Presentation server
Network
Dispatcher Queue
1 2 3 4
R/3 work process
User context
Dispatcher
13
Application server
Roll buffer
12
...
R/3 database interface
5 11
R/3 table buffer
Roll file Network
10
Database process Database buffer

Database server
9 7 8
Analyzing Transaction Steps: R/3 Workload Monitor
Analyzing Transaction Steps: Response Time
Analyzing Tools
SQL Performance Trace: Initial Screen
SQL Performance Trace: SQL Trace Overview

Application server
ABAP Program
SELECT <field list> FROM vvbak WHERE ... SQL Trace File R/3 database interface R/3 table buffering
data records Database server
Database files
Database process
Database buffer
SQL Performance Trace: Trace List
SQL Performance Trace: Database Operations

Application server
ABAP Program
SELECT Fieldlist FROM vvbak WHERE vbeln = 0000000100.
SAP cursor cache
DB cursor available, no or yes?
Database Interface
PREPARE in trace Database server DB SQL cache SELECT mandt ... FROM VVBAK WHERE vbeln = :A1 DB cursor cache A1 Data buffer OPEN in trace FETCH in trace REOPEN in trace FETCH in trace
Data records
Shared memory of the database server

SQL Performance Trace: Explain SQL

Table and Index Info for VVBAK Show Execution Plan for SQL Statement System Help Table VVBAK 01.09.1999 Compute 1.000 626 15 7.328 0 454
Last statistics date Analyze Method Number Explain with hint... Optimizer Trace Analyze... of rows SQL Statement Number of blocks allocated Number of empty blocks SELECT Average space Chain count "VBELN" , "AUART" FROM Average row length "VVBAK" WHERE UNIQUE Index VVBAK~0 "MANDT" = :A0 AND "VBELN" BETWEEN :A1 AND :A2
Column Name Execution Plan MANDT VBELN SELECT STATEMENT ( Estimated Costs = 3 , Estimated #Rows = 3 ) Index Statistics Analyze... TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK~0 VVBAK
#Distinct 1 1.000
1 2
SQL Performance Trace: ABAP Display

Basic SQL list - sorted by PID Trace Edit Goto System Help DDIC info Explain SQL ABAP display Extended list Transaction = Duration 41 805 41 785 41 788 40 1.061 1.327 85 6.919 826 41 5.924 800 46 5.704 217 Object name Oper Rec PID = RC Replace var. Sort
9551 Ptype = DIA Client = 100 User Statement
VVBAP REOPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL VVBAP FETCH 5 1403 VVBAP REOPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL ABAP-Editor: Display Program SAPBC490D_SQL_LOGICAL_VIEWS VVBAP FETCH 5 1403 VVBAP REOPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL VVBAP FETCH 5 1403 VVBAK REOPEN 0 0 Note marked line "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL SELECT WHERE VVBAK 10 1403 119 FETCH SELECT vbeln auart FROM vvbak VVBAP 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = :A0 120 PREPARECORRESPONDING0 FIELDS OF TABLE g_itab_vvbakAND "VBELN" INTO VVBAP 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL 121 OPEN WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln. VVBAP 49 1403 122 FETCH VBAK_VBAP PREPARE 0 123 IF sy-subrc NE 0. 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = :A0 AND the WHERE EXIT. ENDIF. " Necessary for "VBELN" VBAK_VBAP OPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL 124 VBAK_VBAP FETCH 49 1403 125 SELECT vbeln posnr matnr FROM vvbap VVBAK PREPARE 0 0 SELECT WHERE ( T_01 . "MANDT" = :A0 A 126 INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE g_itab_vvbap VVBAK OPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE ( T_01 . "MANDT" = '100' 127 FOR ALL ENTRIES IN g_itab_vvbak VVBAK FETCH 49 1403 128 WHERE vbeln = g_itab_vvbak-vbeln. VVBAK REOPEN 0 0 SELECT WHERE "MANDT" = '100' AND "VBEL Active 119 line SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 13
SQL Performance Trace: Compressed Summary
SQL Performance Trace: Identical selects
Identical selects System Help Continue Executions 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Cancel Object name VVBAK VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP VVBAP WHERE clause "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" "MANDT" = = = = = = = = = = = = '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' '100' AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" "VBELN" BETWEEN '000000000 = '0000000001' = '0000000002' = '0000000003' = '0000000004' = '0000000005' = '0000000006' = '0000000007' = '0000000008' = '0000000009' = '0000000010' = '0000000001' OR
Analyzing Tools
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Overview

Application server
ABAP runtime environment
SET RUNTIME ANALYZER ON

ABAP Trace File LOOP AT itab ENDLOOP SET RUNTIME ANALYZER OFF
The three phases of the ABAP runtime analysis: Local Trace File
Limiting the analysis Obtaining the run data Evaluating the results
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Initial Screen
Runtime analysis: Initial Screen Runtime analysis Edit Goto Utilities Settings System Help
Tips & Tricks Measurement Short description In the current user session Transaction Program Function module Execute Limit analysis Variant DEFAULT Standard variant
In parallel mode On / Off
Performance file Runs
the object in the Other file current user session
"On" causes the data to be recorded in a separate user session
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Aggregation
Full aggregation Full aggregation Program part X Program part X Statement Y Statement Y DO 1000 TIMES DO 1000 TIMES Program part Program part X Program part X Statement Y Statement Y ENDDO ENDDO
=> 1 Entry => 1 Entry => 1 Entry => 1 Entry
statements
Duration & type
Maximum size of file Maximum execution time Aggregation Full Per calling position None
1000 1800
KB Seconds
Aggregation per calling item Aggregation per calling item Program part X Program part X Statement Y Statement Y DO 1000 TIMES DO 1000 TIMES Program part X => 2 Entries Program part X => 2 Entries Statement Y => 2 Entries Statement Y => 2 Entries ENDDO ENDDO
No aggregation Program part X Statement Y DO 1000 TIMES Program part X Statement Y ENDDO
=> 1001 Entries => 1001 Entries
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results
Initial screen
Select data file Save data file locally Evaluate the data
ABAP DB R/3
Results display screen
Statistics records: Conversions Loaded programs
Calls Details view
Number
Gross
...
Runtime analysis LOOP ...
1 3
80,610 20,113
10
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results (2)
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results (3)
. . . SELECT . . . PERFORM . . READ TABLE . . . . . .
Gross
Net
11
Analyzing Tools
Performance Optimization Example in SAP system (1)

In any ABAP editor transactions (SE37, SE38, SE24, SE80, ) Menu PATH :
12
Performance Optimization Example in SAP system (2)
Single transaction analysis (ABAP + SQL Trace)

Transaction Code : ST12
13
Memory Analysis in ABAP debugger

Unsuitable Access Path Introduction to DB Indexes Introduction to DB Joins Changing the ABAP coding Changing the Index Design
14
Overview: Cost-Based Database Optimizer

Possible access paths
ROWID MAND T VBELN POSNR MATN R ... 001 0000 001 22 0003 0047 11 ... VBELN POSNR MATN R ... 001 0000 132 47 0003 0008 15 ... ... 4433 9 ... ROWID MAND T
Estimated costs
Table and index statistics SELECT STATEMENT TABLE ACCESS FULL Cost-based database optimizer VVBAK
... 4533 2
... ROWID MAND T VBELN POSNR MATN R ... 001 0000 001 22 0013 0012 34 ...
... 4587 6
...
ROWID MAND T ... ... 4689 4
VBELN POSNR MATN R ... 002 0000 965 8 0012 0001 23 ...
...
Full table scan ...

ROWID MAN DT VBELN ERDAT ERZET ERNA M ... 001
SELECT STATEMENT INDEX UNIQUE SCAN VVBAK~0
... 658 72 000 012 3 ...
SELECT STATEMENT Index access INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK~0
Overview: DB SQL Cache

DBMS Database server memory
Data buffer
Data buffer (e.g. 8 KB blocks) Data blocks

SELECT * FROM MARA WHERE ...
Logical read accesses

DB work process
DB SQL Cache
SQL statements with access strategy
R/3 work process
Physical read accesses

Database Database files
...
15
DB SQL Cache Analysis: Overview (2)

Suitable access path
Appl. Server
ABAP program R/3 DB interface
No suitable access path

Appl. Server
ABAP program R/3 DB interface
Many records Database system

Database buffer DBMS process
Few records Database system

Database buffer DBMS process
Transferred data records
Logical read accesses
Many blocks
Many blocks Physical read accesses Database Database
Overview: Unsuitable Access Path
MANDT VBELN 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002 000013245 000013246 000013247 000013248 000013249 000013250 000113245 000113251 000113252 000013249 000013250 000013251 000013252
OBJNR 654875454 697935435 673225747 216356543 687535435 258674802 983231365 522112486 325348654 241567685 968351332 874352321 544546546
ERNAM ERNIE FRED JAMES GUS ERNIE KURT MAX BERT BERT HUGO FRED MAX GUS
Narrowing the search
Data records corresponding to WHERE clause
Search range (area of table that needs to be searched for required records)
16
Overview: Suitable Access Path (1)

Reducing columns to be transferred
MANDT VBELN OBJNR 654875454 697935435 673225747 216356543 687535435 258674802 983231365 522112486 325348654 241567685 968351332 874352321 544546546 ERNAM ERNIE FRED JAMES GUSS ERNIE KURT MAX BERT BERT HUGO FRED MAX GUSS Data records corresponding to WHERE clause Columns corresponding to SELECT clause
Reducing rows to be transferred
001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002
000013245 000013246 000013247 000013248 000013249 000013250 000113245 000113251 000113252 000013249 000013250 000013251 000013252
Search range (area of table that needs to be searched for required records)
Overview: Suitable Access Path (2)
MANDT VBELN 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002 000013245 000013246 000013247 000013248 000013249 000013250 000113245 000113251 000113252 000013249 000013250 000013251 000013252
OBJNR 654875454 697935435 673225747 216356543 687535435 258674802 983231365 522112486 325348654 241567685 968351332 874352321 544546546
ERNAM ERNIE FRED JAMES GUSS ERNIE KURT MAX BERT BERT HUGO FRED MAX GUSS
FETCH
Reducing data transfer
FETCH FETCH
:
FETCH
Data transfer to application server

17
Introduction to DB Index : Overview (1)
18
Introduction to DB Index : Index Unique Scan
Introduction to DB Index : Index Range Scan (1)
19
Introduction to DB Index : Index Range Scan (2)

POSNR
20
Introduction to DB Index : Concatenation
Full Table Scan
21
Table Access Strategies
DB2 example : Index Unique Scan
22
Oracle example : Index Unique Scan
DB2 example : Index Range Scan
23
Oracle example : Index Range Scan
DB2 example : Full Table Scan
24
Oracle example : Full Table Scan
DB2 example : Concatenation
25
Oracle example : Concatenation

26
Introduction to DB Joins : Overview

Application
SELECT T1~K1 T1~K2 T1~F2 T2~F3 T2~F4 FROM tab1 AS T1 INNER JOIN tab2 AS T2 INNER JOIN ON T1~K1 = T2~K1 WHERE T1~F2 = value.
DBMS
T1.K1 T1.F1 T1.F2 T2.F3 T2.F4 T1.K1 T1.F1 T1.F2 T2.F3 T2.F4 T1.K1 T1.F1 T1.F2 T2.F3 T2.F4 T1.K1 T1.F1 T1.F2 T2.F3 T2.F4 T1.K1 T1.F1 T1.F2 T2.F3 T2.F4
Resulting set
Database
T1 K1 F1 F2
T2 K1 F3 F4
Introduction to DB Joins : Nested Loop
SELECT t1~vbeln t2~vbobj INTO ... FROM vvbak AS t1 INNER JOIN vvbuk AS t2 ON t1~vbeln = t2~vbeln WHERE t1~objnr = '0000777'.
Nested loop
MANDT 001 001 001 001 001 001 ... VBELN 0000120 0000121 0000122 0000123 0000124 0000125 OBJNR ... 0000110 0000110 0000777 0000777 0000777 001 ... 0000123 ... MANDT VBELN 001 0000121 001 0000122 ... ... ...
VVBAK
VVBUK
27
Nested Loop
The top input to the nested loop is the outer table The bottom input to the nested loop is the inner table For each outer row, searches for matching rows are in the inner input table Effective if the outer input is very small and the inner input is preindexed and very large Optimizer sometimes sorts the outer input to improve locality of the searches on the index over the inner input Best when search uses an index (indexes on join columns are used) Low memory requirement
DB2 Nested Loop
28
Oracle Nested Loop
Introduction to DB Joins : Sort Merge Join

SELECT t1~vbeln t2~vbobj INTO ... FROM vvbap AS t1 INNER JOIN vvbak AS t2 ON t1~vbeln = t2~vbeln WHERE t1~cuobj = 12345 AND t2~objnr = 0000777.
Sort merge join

MANDT 001 001 001 001 ... 001 001 VBELN 0000121 0000122 0000123 0000123 0000123 0000456 CUOBJ 1 2 3 4 12345 12345 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... MANDT 001 001 001 001 001 001 ... VBELN 0000120 0000121 0000122 0000123 0000124 0000125 OBJNR ... 0000110 0000110 0000777 0000777 0000777
VVBAP
Selection and merging of table records
VVBAK
29
Sort Merge Join

Both inputs should be sorted on the merge column keys An index on a correct set of columns is useful A many-to-many merge join uses a temporary table to store rows Very fast if the data that you want can be obtained presorted from existing B-tree indexes
DB2 Sort Merge Join
30
Oracle Sort Merge Join
Important Access Strategies for DB Joins
Nested loop
Decide which tables to use for access Access to next innermost table using JOIN condition
Sort Merge Join

Evaluate WHERE clause on all relevant tables Sort according to JOIN condition Merge resulting set
31

Missing WHERE Conditions (1)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr specific index fields: MANDT, BELNR FROM bkkpf => gap in index search string INTO TABLE g_itab_bkkpf WHERE belnr = 0000000100. Index search string: 001____0000000100
ineffective use of index

SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr FROM bkkpf INTO TABLE g_itab_bkkpf specific index fields: MANDT, BUKRS, BELNR => index fields specified fully WHERE bukrs = 0001 AND belnr = 0000000100. Index search string: 00100010000000100
effective use of index

32
Missing WHERE Conditions (2)

SELECT vbeln erdat FROM vvbak specific index fields: VBELN CLIENT SPECIFIED CLIENT SPECIFIED => index fields not specified INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak Index search string: ___0000000100 WHERE vbeln = 0000000100.
ineffective use of index

SELECT vbeln erdat FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE vbeln = 0000000100. specific index fields: MANDT, * or VBELN SELECT vbeln erdat FROM vvbak => index fields specified fully CLIENT SPECIFIED Index search string: 0010000000100 INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE mandt WHERE mandt = sy-mandt AND vbeln = 0000000100.
effective use of index

Critical Operators (NOT and <>)
SELECT vbeln bstnk kunnr FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak specific index fields: MANDT, WHERE kunnr = '0000000050' KUNNR and FAKSK => ineffective AND NOT faksk = '00'. use of indexes
Negative formulation
SELECT vbeln bstnk kunnr FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak specific index fields: MANDT, WHERE kunnr = '0000000050' KUNNR and FAKSK => effective use AND faksk IN ('01','02','03', IN of indexes '04','05','08','09').
Positive formulation
33
Critical Operators (BETWEEN)
SELECT vbeln erdat erzet FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE vbeln BETWEEN '0000000001' AND '0000000005'.
BETWEEN operator
SELECT vbeln erdat erzet FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE vbeln IN ('0000000001', '0000000002', '0000000003', '0000000004', '0000000005').
IN operator
Replace WHERE field LIKE value with WHERE field = value
Omit WHERE field LIKE '%'
Sort at Database Level or in ABAP?
34

Prerequisites for Changing the Index Design
SQL statements from SAP programs:

Look for R/3 Notes
SQL statements from customer-owned programs:

Avoid additional indexes on transaction data Change existing indexes If necessary, delete existing indexes
No secondary indexes on R/3 basis tables

Tables with D010, D020, DD* or NAST
35
Rules for Changing the Index Design

General rules
Prefer disjunctive indexes No unintentionally used indexes As few indexes as possible per table (as few as possible, but as many as necessary)
Selection of index fields

As few fields as possible in index As selective fields as possible in index Selective fields as near to the beginning as possible
Do not change SAP standard indexes

unless recommended by SAP (see SAP Note System)
Selectivity Analysis: Semantic Typing
36
Selectivity Analysis: Distinct Values

Tables and Indexes Columns of Table VVBAK Database analysis Goto Monitor System Help Back Table <-> Indices Extents Table columns Detailed analysis 30.09.1999 14:46:44 KP6 pwdf0024 VVBAK History Sort
Data from DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
Database Column MANDT VBELN ERDAT ERZET ERNAM ANGDT BNDDT Data type VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 VARCHAR2 Last analyzed* 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 30.09.1999 Sample size* 220,780 220,780 220,780 220,780 220,780 220,780 220,780 Distinct values* 1 220,780 856 187,023 73 435 267
Updated by ORACLE STATISTICS UPDATE

Selectivity Analysis: Histograms (1)
37
DB05: Selectivity Analysis: Histograms (2)

Date/time of analysis: Analyzed table: Total number of rows: Requested bytes per row: Requested bytes to be buffered 100%: Current buffering mode: 02.08.1999 17:45:28 COSS 635,336 rows 31 bytes per row 19,695,416 bytes no buffering
Compare number of distinct values with total number of records
16,587 combinations of index fields return between 1 and 10 records
Rows per generic key Key fields USPOB GJAHR WRTTP
Distinct values
1 - 10
11 - 100
101 - 1.000
10.001 - 100.000
100.001 - 1.000.000
Number of areas that are specified by generic key and contain the given ... 4,506 7,172 9,195 16,607 3,234 5,715 7,195 16,587 1,011 1,072 1,487 1,536 210 333 457 428 0 5 8 8 2 1 0 0
VERSN
DB05: Selectivity Analysis: Histograms (3)

Date/time of analysis: Analyzed table: Total number of rows: Requested bytes per row: Requested bytes to be buffered 100%: Current buffering mode: 02.08.1999 17:45:28 COSS 635,336 rows 31 bytes per row 19,695,416 bytes no buffering
8 combinations of index fields return between 10,001 and 100,000 records
Rows per generic key Key fields USPOB GJAHR WRTTP
Distinct values
1 - 10
11 - 100
101 - 1,000
10,001 - 100,000
100,001 - 1,000,000
Number of areas that are specified by generic key and contain the given ... 4,506 7,172 9,195 16,607 3,234 5,715 7,195 16,587 1,011 1,072 1,487 1,536 210 333 457 428 0 5 8 8 2 1 0 0
VERSN
38
Interference Analysis (1)

Clarify table usage
Use where-used list from ABAP Dictionary
Perform object-related DB SQL cache analysis before changing index design

DB SQL cache => restrict to tables and views Retain all SQL statements with access strategy, where the tables or views are affected
Change index design Reset DB SQL cache Perform object-related DB SQL cache analysis after changing index design
DB SQL cache => restrict to tables and views Retain all SQL statements with access strategy, where the tables or views are affected

Where-Used List Database table DB table Dictionary: Initial Screen Dictionary object Edit Goto Utilities VVBAK
Used in Environment System Help Programs Screens Logical databases Function module interfaces Domains Structures DB tables Table types Views Entity types Lock objects Search helps Classes (definition) Classes (implementation) Create Interfaces Test cases
Database table View Data type Domain Search help Lock object Display
VVBAK
Change
In background
Search area
39

Database Performance: Shared SQL
? Reset Since DB start Select table Explain
1999 10:12:21 Shared Cursor Cache

Total Executions 101,002 34,004 5,340 702 546 Disk Reads 4,506 7,145 92,195 107 16,347 Reads/ Execution s 0.0 0.2 17.3 0.2 29.9 Buffer Gets 45,678 109,072 7,041,487 1,536 231,536 Gets/ Execution 0.5 3.2 1,318.6 2.2 424.0 Records/ Execution 0.8 6.0 0.4 1.0 47.5 SQL Text SELECT * FROM SELECT VBELN SELECT MANDT UPDATE VVBAK SELECT * FROM
SELECT STATEMENT TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK
VVBAK ~ 0

Suitable Access Path General Methods Accessing Individual Tables Accessing Several Tables Accessing Clustered and Pooled Tables R/3 Table Buffering
40
Reducing the Records to be Transferred (1)

SELECT ... FROM resb INTO TABLE g_itab_resb.
Missing WHERE clause

SELECT ... FROM resb INTO TABLE g_itab_resb WHERE matnr IN g_matnr.
Unstable WHERE clause

SELECT ... FROM resb INTO TABLE g_itab_resb WHERE matnr IN g_matnr AND kzear IS INITIAL.
Stable WHERE clause

Reducing the Records to be Transferred (2)
SELECT vbeln erdat kunnr FROM vvbak INTO g_wa_vvbak. CHECK g_wa_vvbak-vbeln GE g_low CHECK AND g_wa_vvbak-vbeln LE g_high. APPEND g_wa_vvbak TO g_itab_vvbak. ENDSELECT.
CHECK condition
SELECT vbeln erdat kunnr FROM vvbak INTO g_wa_vvbak WHERE vbeln BETWEEN g_low AND g_high. WHERE APPEND g_wa_vvbak TO g_itab_vvbak. ENDSELECT.
WHERE condition
41
Reducing the Columns to be Transferred

SELECT * FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_all WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT * INTO TABLE

SELECT vbeln erdat kunnr FROM vvbak SELECT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE g_itab_vvbak_fieldlist OF TABLE WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT field list INTO ... SET

SELECT vbeln erdat kunnr FROM vvbak SELECT INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_fieldlist WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT field list INTO TABLE


42
SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES (1)

LOOP AT g_itab_vvbak INTO g_wa_vvbak. LOOP AT SELECT kunnr adrnr FROM kkna1 SELECT APPENDING TABLE g_itab_kkna1 WHERE kunnr = g_wa_vvbak-kunnr. ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
SELECT inside LOOP
DESCRIBE TABLE g_itab_vvbak LINES lines. IF lines EQ 0. Check whether driver table is empty MESSAGE I051(bc490). EXIT. ENDIF. SORT g_itab_vvbak BY kunnr. DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM g_itab_vvbak. SELECT kunnr adrnr FROM kkna1 INTO TABLE g_itab_kkna1 FOR ALL ENTRIES IN g_itab_vvbak WHERE kunnr = g_itab_vvbak-kunnr.
Eliminate duplicates
SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES

SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES (2)

Object VVBAK VVBAK KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 Oper REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH Rec 0 100000 0 149 0 149 0 149 SELECT "KUNNR" , "ADRNR" FROM "KKNA1" WHERE "MANDT" = :A0 AND "KUNNR" = :A1 OR "MANDT" = :A2 AND "KUNNR" = :A3 OR "MANDT" = :A4 AND "KUNNR" = :A5 OR "MANDT" = :A6 AND "KUNNR" = :A7 ....
... rsdb/max_blocking_factor specifies number of concatenations
...
...
SELECT STATEMENT
(Estimated Costs = ....
CONCATENATION TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID KKNA1
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN KKNA1~0 TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
KKNA1
KKNA1~0
43
RANGES Tables
SELECT mandt vbeln erdat erzet FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE vbeln IN g_itab_vbeln. IN
SELECT with RANGES table

SELECT STATEMENT (Estimated Costs = .... CONCATENATION TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID SELECT "MANDT" , "VBELN" , "ERDAT" , "ERZET" ) FROM "VVBAK" WHERE "MANDT" = :A0 AND VVBAKVBELN IN ( :A1 , :A2 , :A3 , )
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN VVBAK~0 TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
VVBAK
VVBAK~0
Aggregate Functions
SELECT vbeln zmeng matnr FROM vvbap INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbap WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln. LOOP AT g_itab_vvbap. * Compute maximum of zmeng and minimum of matnr ... ENDLOOP.
Aggregate functions in ABAP

SELECT vbeln max( zmeng ) min( matnr ) FROM vvbap INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbap WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln GROUP BY vbeln.
Aggregate functions at DB level

44
HAVING Clause
Array Fetch
45
Up to N rows
UPDATE .. SET Field = Value
46
Create, Change and Delete Mass Data

47
INNER and OUTER JOIN Logic
MANDT
VBELN 0000000001 0000000001 0000000003 0000000003 0000000004 ...
POSNR 0001 0002 0001 0002 0001
VVBAP
VVBAK
MANDT 400 400 400
VBELN
0000000001 0000000002 0000000003
...
400 400 400
...
...
400 400 ...
INNER JOIN
MANDT VBELN 400 400 400 400 ... POSNR 0000000001 0001 0000000001 0002 0000000003 0001 0000000003 0002 ... 400 400 400 400 ... 400 ...
LEFT OUTER JOIN

MANDT VBELN POSNR 0000000001 0001 0000000001 0002 0000000002 0000000003 0001 ... 0000000003 0002 ...
Implementation in ABAP
48
Nested SELECTs
SELECT SELECT vbeln kunnr FROM vvbak INTO (g_wa_vvbak_kkna1-vbeln, g_wa_vvbak_kkna1-kunnr) WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln. SELECT SINGLE adrnr FROM kkna1 SELECT INTO g_wa_vvbak_kkna1-adrnr WHERE kunnr EQ g_wa_vvbak_kkna1-kunnr. IF sy-subrc EQ 0. APPEND g_wa_vvbak_kkna1 TO g_itab_vvbak_kkna1. ENDIF. ENDSELECT ENDSELECT.
Object SELECT STATEMENT (Estimated Costs = .... VVBAK~0 ) VVBAK VVBAK KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 SELECT STATEMENT (Estimated Costs = .... KKNA1~0 ) KKNA1 KKNA1 KKNA1 Oper REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH REOPEN FETCH Rec 0 1000 0 1 0 1 0 1
INDEX RANGE SCAN
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
...
...
...
Problems with Nested SELECTs

Inefficient transfer
Data records from inner table are transferred record by record Lots of small fetches, instead of fewer and more compact fetches
Identical SELECTs
Data records from inner table are re-read unnecessarily
Incorrect order of access

Whether a table is an inner or outer table is defined in coding Dynamic WHERE conditions are ignored
49
Creating JOINs Over the Database
Possible access strategies:

Nested loop Sort merge join
Database optimizer determines order of access Access to outer table should be as selective as possible (selective WHERE conditions) For each data record in the outer table, as few records as possible should exist in the inner table (selective JOIN conditions) An index for the JOIN conditions should exist on the inner table (at least)
Database View
SELECT vbeln kunnr adrnr FROM vbak_kna1 INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_kkna1 WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT STATEMENT
Create DB view in Dictionary
NESTED LOOPS TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK
VVBAK~0 KKNA1
CREATE VIEW vbak_kna1 ...
TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
KKNA1~0
50
ABAP INNER JOIN

SELECT t1~vbeln t2~kunnr t2~adrnr INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_kkna1 FROM vvbak AS t1 INNER JOIN kkna1 AS t2 ON t1~kunnr = t2~kunnr WHERE t1~vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT STATEMENT
MANDT VBELN 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 ... 0000120 0000121 0000122 0000123 0000124 0000125 0000126 0000127 KUNNR ... 0000100 0000100 0000101 0000101 0000102 0000103 0000103 0000104
NESTED LOOPS TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK
VVBAK~0 KKNA1
TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID

MANDT 001 001 001 ... KUNNR 0000100 0000103 0000104 ... ... ... ...
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
KKNA1~0
VVBAK
KKNA1
FOR ALL ENTRIES Over Two Database Tables

SELECT vbeln kunnr FROM vvbak INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT STATEMENT (Estimated Costs = .... )
DESCRIBE TABLE g_itab_vvbak LINES g_lines. ... SORT g_itab_kkna1 BY kunnr. DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM g_itab_kkna1.
CONCATENATION TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX UNIQUE SCAN KKNA1~0 KKNA1 KKNA1
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID KKNA1~0
SELECT kunnr adrnr INDEX UNIQUE SCAN FROM kkna1 INTO (g_wa_kkna1-kunnr, g_wa_kkna1-adrnr) FOR ALL ENTRIES IN g_itab_kkna1 WHERE kunnr = g_itab_kkna1-kunnr. MODIFY g_itab_kkna1 FROM g_wa_kkna1 INDEX sy-dbcnt. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT g_itab_vvbak INTO g_wa_vvbak. ... ENDLOOP.
51
Subquery
... SELECT kunnr adrnr INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_kkna1 FROM kkna1 WHERE kunnr IN ( SELECT DISTINCT kunnr FROM vvbak ( WHERE WHERE vbeln IN g_vbeln ) ). ...
SELECT STATEMENT (Estimated Costs = .... ) NESTED LOOPS ... TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX UNIQUE SCAN KKNA1~0 VVBAK
VVBAK~0
KKNA1
ABAP OUTER JOIN

SELECT t1~vbeln t2~kunnr t2~adrnr INTO TABLE g_itab_vvbak_kkna1 FROM vvbak AS t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN kkna1 AS t2 ON t1~kunnr = t2~kunnr WHERE t1~vbeln IN g_vbeln.
SELECT STATEMENT
MANDT VBELN 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 ... 0000120 0000121 0000122 0000123 0000124 0000125 0000126 0000127 KUNNR ... 0000100 0000100 0000101 0000101 0000102 0000103 0000103 0000104
NESTED LOOPS OUTER TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID INDEX RANGE SCAN VVBAK~0 KKNA1 VVBAK
TABLE ACESS BY INDEX ROWID

MANDT 001 001 001 ... KUNNR 0000100 0000103 0000104 ... ... ... ...
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN
KKNA1~0
VVBAK
KKNA1
52

Pooled and Cluster Tables: Introduction
Logical view Transparent tables TAB_B Cluster tables CLUST_A CLUST_B CLUST_C Pooled tables POOL_A POOL_B
Physical view
Database tables
53
Cluster Tables
Cluster table TABA A B C D TIMESTAMP Table cluster TABAB Key fields PAGELG
A A
B B
0 1
C G
D H
E I
F J
Cluster table TABB A A B B E H F I G J Cluster key
VARDATA field PAGNO Structure description of VARDATA field
Key fields
Pooled Tables
Pooled table TABA DATALN A B C D Table pool TABAB Key
TABA TABB
A E
C F
D G H I
Pooled table TABB E F G H I
TABNAME VARKEY
VARDATA
Key
54
Pooled and Cluster Tables: Pros and Cons

Advantages
Data compression
Less memory space Less network load
Disadvantages
Limitations on database functionalities
No views or ABAP JOINs No secondary indexes No GROUP BY, ORDER BY, ...
Fewer tables and table fields Fewer different SQL statements Less load on database dictionary and database buffer Simpler administration For cluster tables
Fewer database accesses
No native SQL No table appends For cluster tables

Limited selection on clusterkey fields
For pooled tables

Longer keys than necessary
Selective Access to Cluster Tables
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr kunnr FROM bseg INTO TABLE g_itab_bsid WHERE bukrs = 0001 AND belnr = 0000000022.
SQL statement in ABAP

SELECT MANDT, BUKRS, BELNR, GJAHR, PAGENO, TIMESTMP, PAGELG, VARDATA RFBLG FROM RFBLG WHERE MANDT = :A0 AND BUKRS = :A1 AND BELNR = :A2 ORDER BY MANDT, BUKRS, BELNR, GJAHR, PAGENO
SQL statement at DB level

55
Unselective Access on Cluster Tables
SELECT bukrs belnr ... FROM bseg bseg INTO TABLE g_itab_bsid WHERE kunnr = '0000000100'.
SELECT MANDT, BUKRS, .. RFBLG FROM RFBLG WHERE MANDT = :A0 ORDER BY MANDT, BUKRS, ...
Unselective access
SELECT bukrs belnr FROM bsid INTO TABLE g_itab_bsid WHERE kunnr = '0000000100'. SELECT BUKRS, MANDT, .. FROM BSID WHERE MANDT = :A0 KUNNR AND KUNNR = :A1.
Selective access
Selective Access on Pooled Tables

SELECT kappl kschl vkorg vtweg matnr FROM aa005 INTO TABLE g_itab_aa005 WHERE kappl = CS AND kschl = SAPZ AND vkorg = 0001 AND vtweg = 01 AND kunnr = 0000000009 AND matnr = 000000000000000027.
SQL statement in ABAP

SELECT TABNAME , VARKEY , DATALN , VARDATA FROM KAPOL KAPOL WHERE TABNAME = :A0 AND VARKEY LIKE :A1 TABNAME VARKEY ORDER BY TABNAME , VARKEY
SQL statement at DB level

56
Unselective Access on Pooled Tables
SELECT kappl kschl vkorg .. FROM aa005 INTO TABLE g_itab_aa005 WHERE matnr = matnr 000000000000000027.
SELECT TABNAME, VARKEY .. FROM KAPOL KAPOL WHERE TABNAME = :A0 AND TABNAME VARKEY VARKEY LIKE :A1 ORDER BY TABNAME , ..
Unselective access
AA005 fully buffered on application server <=> Repeated database read is not necessary Remove AA05 from table pool KAPOL and create index for MATNR <=> Efficient data read is possible
Selective access

57
R/3 Table Buffering: Introduction (1)
...
SAP GUI
...
SAP GUI SAP GUI
...
...
SAP GUI
Application server A R/3 buffer
Application server B
Table buffer
Program buffer R/3 buffer Dictionary buffer Number range buffer Roll and paging buffers
...
Network
Database Management System
DBMS processes
Database buffer
Database
R/3 Table Buffering: Introduction (2)
Application server A
ABAP program
SELECT * FROM VVBAK WHERE ...
0.2 - 6 ms
Database interface
Table buffer
8 - 600 ms
Network
DBMS
DBMS processes
Database buffer
Database
58
Types of Buffering
Full buffering (100%)
Generic buffering with 1 key field
Generic buffering with 2 key fields

key1 key2
A A B B A A B B B C C D A A A B B C C C D D D
Single-record buffering
key1 key2
A A B B B A A A A B B B C C D A A A B B C C C C D D D D
key3
2 4 1 3 5 1 3 6 8 1 2 3 0 3 5 2 3 6 2 4 2 3 5 8 1 2 3 4
data
key3
data
key1
001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002 002 002 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003
key2
key3
data
key1
key2
key3
data
001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003
001 001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 002 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003 003
Buffer Synchronization
Buffer synchronization every 1 - 2 minutes
Application server A UPDATE TCURR... Table buffer DB interface Application server B
...
DB interface DB interface
Table buffer
1
INSERT DDLOG Network
3
SELECT DDLOG
Database management system
2
DDLOG
Database
59
Degree of Invalidation
In work area mode (single record processing)

Full buffering: All records Generic buffering: Generic area Single record buffering: Changed single record
In set mode (mass processing)

All records regardless of type of buffering
SQL Statements that Bypass the Buffer (1)

Native SQL Subqueries, ABAP JOINs) SELECT ... BYPASSING BUFFER SELECT FOR UPDATE Aggregate functions (COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUM, AVG) SELECT DISTINCT WHERE clause with "IS NULL" ORDER BY, GROUP BY (HAVING) For tables with single record buffering: All SQL statements except SELECT SINGLE ... For tables with generic buffering: All SQL statements except SELECT * .. if WHERE clause is field = value for all fields included in generic area
60
SQL Statements that Bypass the Buffer (2)
=> Database
SELECT * FROM tcurr CLIENT SPECIFIED CLIENT SPECIFIED INTO TABLE g_itab_tcurr WHERE kurst = 'EURO'.
=>Table buffer
SELECT * FROM tcurr INTO TABLE g_itab_tcurr WHERE kurst = 'EURO'.
Generic buffering
=> Database
SELECT * FROM t100 INTO TABLE g_itab_t100 WHERE sprsl = 'D' AND arbgb = 'BC490' AND msgnr = '050'.
=>Table buffer
SELECT SINGLE * FROM t100 INTO g_wa_t100 WHERE sprsl = 'D' AND arbgb = 'BC490' AND msgnr = '050'.
Single record buffering

Buffering Strategy: Technical Criteria
Technical criteria
Small, usually < 1 MB Often read, but seldom changed Temporary data inconsistency acceptable Access mainly from key fields
Note:
Buffer tables > 10 MB in exceptional cases only Table buffers cannot be accessed via secondary indexes Check available memory space before buffering more tables
61
Buffering Strategy: Semantic Criteria
Do not buffer transaction data

Tables too big Tables changed frequently
Avoid buffering master data

Tables too big Different access paths to data
Buffer Customizing data

Tables small Few changes to tables

Definition and Properties Efficient composition of internal tables Efficient access to internal tables
62
Internal Table Attributes
Table Types
ANY TABLE INDEX TABLE STANDARD TABLE HASHED TABLE
SORTED TABLE
Key access
Table scan
Binary search
Hash function
Access costs for n entries Access using
increase linearly
O(n)
increase logarithmically O(log n)
are constant O(1)
n
mainly index mainly key UNIQUE | NON-UNIQUE only key UNIQUE
Uniqueness
NON-UNIQUE
63
Defining Internal Tables
Reading Single Records
64
Access Costs: Single Record Access via Key

LOOP AT outer_tab INTO wa_out. LOOP WITH TABLE KEY READ TABLE inner_tab INTO wa_in WITH TABLE KEY ... ENDLOOP.
+0 6
Time in microseconds
1E
+0 5
1E
Loop costs depending on the internal table type
10
10
10
00
10
00
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
1280
Number of table entries in both tables: n

5 Standard Sorted Hashed 52 44 41 10 121 87 78 20 335 177 151 40 1081 391 305 80 3887 862 613 160 14999 1895 1249 320 4048 2497 640 8587 5080 1280 18136 10537 59700 238214 951704
Hashed Tables
Single record access with full specification of the primary key

hash_vbak:
MANDT VBELN LOOP AT sort_vbap INTO wa_vbap.
...
AT NEW wa_vbap-vbeln. READ TABLE hash_vbak INTO wa_vbak WITH TABLE KEY READ TABLE mandt = sy-mandt vbeln = wa_vbap-vbeln. WRITE: / wa_vbak-vbeln, wa_vbak-erdat. ENDAT. WRITE: /10 wa_vbap-posnr, ... . ENDLOOP.
65
Sorted Tables
Mass processing with partial specification of the key

- Try to include as many key fields in the WHERE condition as possible; starting from the left key field, and without skipping a key field.
sort_vbpa:
LOOP ... WHERE DELETE ... WHERE MODIFY ... WHERE
MANDT VBELN POSNR PARVW
LOOP AT sort_vbpa INTO wa_vbpa WHERE mandt = sy-mandt AND parvw = 'WE'. ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT sort_vbpa INTO wa_vbpa WHERE mandt = sy-mandt AND vbeln = '0000000900'. ENDLOOP. DELETE TABLE sort_vbpa WHERE mandt = sy-mandt AND vbeln = '0000000900'.
Standard Tables
Flexible access
for example, using various keys
PARAMETERS:
p_ernam TYPE vbak-ernam, p_vdatu TYPE vbak-vdatu.
SORT SORT stan_vbak BY ernam. READ TABLE stan_vbak WITH KEY ernam = p_ernam INTO wa READ BINARY SEARCH. IF sy-subrc NE 0. ... ENDIF. SORT stan_vbak BY erdat vdatu. SORT LOOP LOOP AT stan_vbak INTO wa WHERE erdat = sy-datu AND vdatu = p_vdatu. IF wa-erdat NE sy-datu OR wa-vdatu NE p_vdatu. EXIT. ENDIF. ENDLOOP.
66

Array Fetch
67
Inserting Internal Tables
Filling an Internal Table with Cumulative Values
68
Loading Unique Internal Tables

69
Limited Mass Data Access
Selective Field Transport
70
Using Field Symbols
Access on Tables without Field Transfer
71
Reading Single Records
READ TABLE ... INDEX
...
If possible, use index operations (not possible

with hashed tables)
READ TABLE ... FROM <WA>. READ TABLE ... WITH TABLE KEY ... WITH TABLE KEY ...
If you can fully specify the primary key, use FROM or WITH TABLE KEY
READ TABLE ... BINARY SEARCH.
Use BINARY SEARCH for standard tables (after sorting)
Reading Single Records: Example

WA wa
400 0000000110
i_vbak
mandt 400 400 400 400 400 vbeln 0000000100 0000000110 0000000120 0000000130 0000001000
wa-mandt = sy-mandt. wa-vbeln = 0000000110'. READ TABLE i_vbak FROM wa INTO wa. * or READ TABLE i_vbak WITH TABLE KEY mandt = sy-mandt vbeln = 0000000110 INTO wa.
READ TABLE i_vbak WITH KEY mandt = sy-mandt vbeln = 0000000110 INTO wa.
* for standard tables: SORT i_vbak BY mandt vbeln. READ TABLE i_vbak INTO wa WITH KEY mandt = sy-mandt vbeln = 0000000110 BINARY SEARCH BINARY SEARCH .
72
Mass Processing using a WHERE Clause
Only access the table lines you really need
LOOP AT <itab> ... LOOP AT MODIFY MODIFY <itab> ... DELETE DELETE <itab> ...
WHERE ... WHERE ... WHERE ...

SELECT-OPTIONS: s_vbeln FOR vbak-vbeln. LOOP AT stan_vbap INTO wa WHERE mandt = sy-mandt AND vbeln IN s_vbeln. ENDLOOP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: s_vbeln FOR vbak-vbeln. LOOP AT stan_vbap INTO wa. IF wa-vbeln IN s_vbeln. * ... ENDIF. ENDLOOP.
Mass Processing using an Index Interval

Only access the table lines you really need FROM LOOP ... FROM ... TO ... . APPEND ... FROM ... TO ... . INSERT ... FROM ... TO ... . DELETE ... FROM ... TO ... . TO
LOOP AT sort_vbak ASSIGNING <fs_vbak>. LOOP AT sort_vbap ... WHERE VBELN = <fs_vbak>-vbeln. ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
Sort_vbak 1 2
Sort_vbak
1 2 3 4 5
index 1 2
1 2 3 4 .. 10
index = 1. LOOP AT sort_vbak ASSIGNING <fs_vbak>. LOOP AT sort_vbap ASSIGNING <fs_vbap> FROM index. FROM index. IF <fs_vbap>-vbeln NE <fs_vbak>-vbeln. index = sy-tabix. index EXIT. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
...
73

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Performance Optimization Workshop

Kim, Ji Hoon SAP - Active Global Support February, 2008

Database Access Optimization

Internal Table Optimization

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 2

Analyzing Transaction Steps: Overview

R/3 table buffer

Roll file Network

Database process Database buffer

Analyzing Transaction Steps: R/3 Workload Monitor

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 5

Analyzing Transaction Steps: Response Time

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 6

SQL Performance Trace: Initial Screen

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 8

SQL Performance Trace: SQL Trace Overview

data records Database server

SQL Performance Trace: Trace List

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 10

SQL Performance Trace: Database Operations

SELECT Fieldlist FROM vvbak WHERE vbeln = 0000000100.

SAP cursor cache

DB cursor available, no or yes?

Shared memory of the database server

SQL Performance Trace: Explain SQL

SQL Performance Trace: ABAP Display

9551 Ptype = DIA Client = 100 User Statement

SQL Performance Trace: Compressed Summary

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 14

SQL Performance Trace: Identical selects

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 15

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Overview

SET RUNTIME ANALYZER ON

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 17

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Initial Screen

In parallel mode On / Off

Performance file Runs

the object in the Other file current user session

"On" causes the data to be recorded in a separate user session

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 18

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Aggregation

=> 1 Entry => 1 Entry => 1 Entry => 1 Entry

Duration & type

=> 1001 Entries => 1001 Entries

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results

Results display screen

Statistics records: Conversions Loaded programs

Calls Details view

Runtime analysis LOOP ...

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 20

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results (2)

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 21

ABAP Runtime Analysis: Evaluating the Results (3)

. . . SELECT . . . PERFORM . . READ TABLE . . . . . .

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 22

Performance Optimization Example in SAP system (1)

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 24

Performance Optimization Example in SAP system (2)

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 25

Single transaction analysis (ABAP + SQL Trace)

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 26

Memory Analysis in ABAP debugger

SAP AG 2005, SAP Customer Program Optimization / 27