Atlas of Migmatites Por Edward William Sawyer-Mineralogical Association of Canada-National Research Council Canada-National Research Council Canada. Monograph Publishing Program

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Material corn d'rei~$
3t11n
ais
M.3teri.31com direitos aetorais
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lit iscw~1iI pla3a.ira IhDi: I i~.trDdLita, line 1~:ad:ED:la:iDii ~o tlhe
1IiiI: of f$Jedai RllJIk:ai:fo 118, produced Ib~j"ile MIn.eral!J'!jea! t A.S9'Xlilliion Clf Cana'k ihis Aif3s oj ,MJo.!r.<lr~rl8Sromributes di~ecH~'~:(lllitft edu.:;~[ornaJmam,d'~e01 OUf ,A5rod~1!J 11,Tll1e ~)(mk d~!;; "",lIilI milJ'l'lalnl$S,OlIJf%¥ wid~t'~ g~~ol rGcl!:_~~~J~'~ml1fll;)n ill~h~Arcl;II;IWl ,crl,l:;llh~ ~ up a rn"of PHI<p:l rlikili1 of our tOOUlItry_ B.ter!!KlHe ,hru, Ie~nt a bll ;;bout mig1rl9l.i1es, but bt' ,;;n:j faI~,t:ltleaqM lii1Ial, tel "~:alr$, bef'W>een 'tlh~ ,crocK.s" ineur !lm1\ier~~y WHOCull'1., T~I'i'l a,1l lL!p,por·1o!m1llJ!i'"dlrIDrdl.'1iII ro!llr~ lin f1i],oiail1llJlr ph:;:' lpet! rciJii9)' dbos g]~1 ho $I:~!Q:r :(ii ulroc!oh:;lq;d]il€!l,ol i!lla,ool~ re~:iolilS ill ler~aJe5 'th~ !ll'We und'erg;me m~,al'
iitit a:rnIYIi'i ;Em,jt4iioola EI,ftC~ hfldci, but <tOOil ti1le r,eam (1f 11tJ.e ~amuil:1e ~a::i~ Hie has e:l!.crnined key t()(li:lJrNtfllc:e~ (1;1' migmSlll19.s th'mugholiJ~ thB, WO'rikt rnd Pl'esel1li ill here in a 5'fSIel'll~li~ ~",f1'I I.~~' rll5Ults, o~' IhEs~:H~'
~al.EC~ ie j'IEi;L-tioiflS
tin!;,om.;;I1 :nte&. 'lfhllJ!s:,ti19Ir~0IlI'er is,gn:OWrilphatogr~h.$oj'

exJ~l!e:;;l (If !I1!gI111.tites li]lJ ~Iile Eeldmd f'I"~r09l"~~ OO'iai!£, in :273 pootogopn.s,. efdll wi~rn a de~,::iiled ~ii!}n. 9ljppf:et:l byt he9lli1,mor IIi1I68,% o~ tliile e<Ge~ the, flIm:a~r.der ~
t;!flngOOm:~ibu~(;dby re~e:;.1ed wlJe~uenJ~~ti\le cIil'ar{'dori~[on ~~ proOOi'illcclFf'(i'Iili' of rroi'Jill:l1It~ic~l~ 1~ 'O;Jti!11rL~ Ro~ ox~
in IIIle
pQ~:!3:0!ii-
allY ilot,;:!!\o'ed
ffiilfphit.m
;;[ 00 ndillio,ns IO~~anp~oo
lite 0 r gr<llUlitg
r~~ aJYd~m~5 if] aJg', ,~Wy~~ ,[jQ ~nl ~~I tlfle wfl' cept Qi ''1!1.'ii~~i~ ;mell d!tj~r:J!ion.ind!~ ll'\eliimg, bui r~y root nr,l,j¢h <b:itlt !he e:.:tr~Jdin<!fil~ <t:i,"iiple~t <iiI' 0I'y of Illrod'l~:s, '01 illC!lJ a!mle;.:Jis.~lhe rlil1p!JT~oTIce 'iJf f[~klrO ~y:>l"Iiz.;;djDlii1J of ~ILI[I8ll<nrxtJe IIq!!lo,<IlQ UloloHl ofll$i]rn· I:;llo;ges 'o~ ~~\j'aJ mimera!s..FYrtti'!e!lmore-, wmlt~HI.e~ed 8nae:w:b I.nmJI¥ !is Mt d:b::u_d.On th!iothBr IilkTld, ~IJ' eI~,t5 IJ\!an'~~J. J~Dil,Ur:;s' lin ~iJiS . pe.'ltc'I~~ tip d'~ w,itlh Pfioduct~ cJf ~tt:;llilleltitq iii) t~ '(::fj,j$!, ~! oC~, ~~ at leng~hWiJ,lll the IP~ 'pwpet'tiie's 01 a:liliate ~ andl !~ r~1t$!l!llt~ IJ~ klif'!:;j' Gt'ys1~I~atIQriI, art !t'LW r;I~
wi~lh re~m~'e
~,d
5l uaies in $Ix of '1:1l!J<f.e hIs a 1ffi"liM .. lnt <'I!Jthor Qm,ph<l[i!i!9s, ~Ile,II.;l:fl8t oo,ni rib-~ti()ffiJS, i" tlh9 ,al"19fl or ml~ile"rer<lled ~~?!ixtl, ~~Il!jifif! <lr~~~rJl ~'t~rgo:r., ;]I O::;:rl; ri:'JIm:!oo let. !!ll~a not.,{or'Pl",III. org"'Iza:~n!; II<.~ !ttl!)' Mi;lle!'alClajcal "A:~iorw of C~ar1nd i~ ,chaJ!e.1!Jing ~f~ ~o ]unde~t~ ood.llia publJ::;:l1ir,on, owiirgro the l1ii~, rost~of pj'DcluMiQ]II. If! Uli'~ iil'~t~, tllte AS3:J~ ~r. il> mo!>! fQH~' nae 101 ~ wprgd~ HIe vollilime i!\1~tlilNA: ~at{f] Ai'e'J'.ii.. 0 l~b~!l;]~of ~heMAC, Il~fftt:. :8l!I~;:r]1i'IC lfem~y!MIlfi!:: 9;Ji'la-alil, and 0 ~e C;;r.dlelftOlt thai!:' valu~e i!t!l)YI a1d ~hctir ~. roL~ in a'~::rti~lltll't'his;lbo,t!!!t;. 1m! X!!tion, ! ~:kril)w'J· a
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IhojiEl~~~
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the fO~rn&
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g,lletLlOO5iJrmla-go~
<U1d1 HIt~ugh .;]ddo rmrrg t'i~ Il1J~~es.
11iI111:!;S·0!11'~OjilH~
<rIdl re:;lWer
Ai'! [s !ilil'~~ ,~ Wow, IPtQf~r ~~IW Ih~, ~~",edo;;od ttiedlluali(l'n Ibywrillillg' the firS!. all ooritDl iite Heal ise W[I u~
th~ petrQbgy o~ rnlsmaiitesa':=tlhe rwcrlk o. Ka-lll'1ichml
Melim!l!ri. {191l-1996) ,of Berlin, p~hlishedI40~5,."gJ" ~e i101S:<bmon8ci ~1li8,r.tIr8ty~l'ff1JV8 ~,oaoh 'CilM@t]r:t8f~ m, fa-iIl!i D~ EIlI GpBlilly' gernetlc: 'I:fIPtGErlI~ '<'!! ItI1~iI18' is!'!
rQ6.t: thal. [$tlhe pi'0CI001. 'o'f IP1l1ti;1lme!iliflg I~ mett LIlgc:t1l be si1crwi1Imol to ti'I~ l;;kent IPI~, U1;9'r{ld!. is: Simpl!!, oot a m!1
m" ei'l$Jring ,CKl'!iII' OOttb mu nicJl~1l$ with IN' ~ F!ere«,ctJ Aess Ilhro~]) ut !ihe pite,Jl'aIfotlb nof lhi:; book, A,I~, Rla!"eu.~ ~ied lor a'ld obi ilU~;oo rends !mm the CM_~an GeologoaJ RilI.!I'.!.1Iftion ~ NOilr~a'!Ra~,Jroa$ Cal;;d"'Ipa'~ :of wlilfctll pad klrlltJa, p!"il1t~f'l91 {]~ ,01. PQ~ef to pYbl~ 'hie;; boO:k- Ii UUl!lk Vicki i.J)]ocniHl'O, wn.o erm:,redl th:e ediCorlal oom~ctiOns {Nltihe' masi·Elf ltiIes01 t~xlarK:ll c-ap1k>w.:: IIp::'l:!9r~ as !hwugl1 ~he book:. Ilsm] gacl~~ toO t1!E!i/e 11lia::!~is. (lpporllu!li~~ ~J;I t h$ Ibr~n(J ~hrlSm;iD:r cIlmtrl:iljttinilin tlil8 ar8;H~1 mig'n:lit8' reEl33fcrnto, IFi,J1I;iQ,nt
01 lne .A~al.ionl"
Pii:{ba:tiQns
Robert F, Mart in]

~nor,
ma!i~e..Fi.lrthiermor!1!,he
rlasreoo'lJ1!izeQ~h.;!! Lrnporl~
,01
Too car:~:1iml Mffltlfii~'sl'
Preface
M i§l"TI<l1ilm <If>:! sorn ~ of tf-~ mo~t 0O::'f1ru~ini5.I{llJling" ~t Tn.1:! an;w! of H:i~ Iltra~ of hi r~mflti!~5 is ~'ry '~m~t, Ul is th8 ae,tt'O;lti{aliy pl\c:.asifYS reeks, 111(:: In.;)"t :otrih(tl O:;:;Ill6i5t IJf rir~t tltlol!; de<.<o'-wJ 'lo 1Y~~rililtit!l"~ino:;t! 1'11~llrli~rt·5 i;;_Qrlii::; i~t'erv~tlln~ ~~}'em, d;'all1:ni.:. ~Nici~ 11.~",e Ii.!}"ti~.oo~oed ql}..!"'tll)~f:ld.p~tiI~x: ~ue§~tion~ ! in " (jl.!:!i"f:ie,r l%H l~xt, In liMe hC~1 rn2!~~ imth::: Lr'ldf:r!;;t2l:~D1r(i1: aftlldt: .:orflpb: rcdts, he:;l, ~itn the I i#J', !ie!i1reaailic<n~ 5I-IO'.vi[~ a dll¥";I'&:: ~1l:J g~t~rn ~F~'t';IJ;LI~~ r;;In,g'; (;i~ ~~p~,,!r<lA;~ i10 ~Q'f1(j~ <;;;l~e. E~$3I"'')'er is wiHlO!.J~ qUf;!$(ion ~he- WI;lrkli~,~I\J~~~);PW( i~ ~irb:;, in some ~Jth~~ Cr8-!-~,.~._,yUir~h ~rdl Qil '~~G~ o~h~-5 h G:i$CI'~I$,:,lr r:M~u~ 0:- rOldtrL ~ CGtll<linir,~ hillh-'wa<:le 1Ti~:l- ~n mi.1ii\latitk. t~",lJri(!;], Imd ~.rlJctJ,!r~. I n ,th4~ ~~!(l~, e ~"ide!!. ~ 'Ni(j~ I":1lTI~,eof ~iup'ei'b f"t=Jd anti tilin·~i!:~~nO\n :i!ft;l.'o~.ni, min~r-l'l~ I~ gr;rno;" ;11'10 Fl't"O~ifJl), Miillrt'l..~,ti~~ ¢.G'l;)1!"pb IQi ml!i,nB~it'eS li"Qm ~round tne w~ld b~~ lu~,tlf1'~teir 1lg~ld name: 'I,he;.' rJJ'e' ''imIXfid! reeks," Ill!: e~m 11."11 t.ho~~ of ,o'l.h~r!:' e>l!.rr.C!lt.:fu:Jy d<!'~I;boo ~Flcl N igrtil3~i(~s COFlt,tIlGinl1l':ck '"sqll19n1'''' TillS is ,10 rnlnDmfflot. interprete(i), The, ph'O'~01lrf.phiJ;: art gf th~ .;Itl<!~ i.:o pre'!;eded p for !!"l~t &0(; itll~ret~J -te. be re e f;;s fm~~l ~F1 t~le d<:t of !!;Ir ~1~JOOtoJ'l~'1ir~trm:luc'l(l;, ~~io:l,,! j;;-l whidl be roM~" p!;1I'1i~ltr iT~lh,g, A mlxtlJi'"e C'r melt, di~~i>l~eilFi!ad min{:l<1r~. 1~\e: cl i;:~:rirltl r;:!~ 0 r ~$tl'if'li ...~, lerrM 'I"Qren Wi'iat.itt!. b(]th
anr.ll '~nme it)!!,d mek is; 1'I'_~c~"~'"Iic"Ii(l' ig-'ll)' he[~l'o~:er.eolJlS_ ~t b
In!!.W 81';,:fJ oJdl_
i~ ne
~\fOf'I!d'~r t mig!li"Ii'.e~ !.1\~W sueh a ""i(I~rzt".g,;:of '11\0
tc"':tLT~~ ,ilJnd ~"n_I~;Un':'>,
Mirn181,itJ8~ oJ cnrdel irrp{]{"~2mroin l!lldi2r~bn;dil"',g '1h8 ~Ir(! W<l~il.i~ mgmll Itt;;;t are D."v!d :R.ril. P,jll;tl$(l.-:l rl:lur.<:l~ b~tlIDliifis, ~r.d llil 111<1: rn~'I«l up' Imrcr~ !J'f'il~ mnt\lCi1Un~!1itj!' of earg,l!l' t~1 ~Tmt, Nign'b'l.~i~;c:~~re\~Iy 1;!;l1~~dc:r~J Ii» I:J'~ ~:<:~~ 01 a~oeri!lbla5~~ '\Iii!l~i"O:jjJjcll] m<l~rn;)W~~ '~~~~l !ri '1Jh.e1Kl or being ~,'2il12r'ltI:~d<J1Ild! eE~<l~ing M@Yii:Jtit"':l.:Iilu;sill.mni.h <J I.n'qu:,;: tPer~c;1i\Ie 00 a [\IM'1m::;FlLalI}m~. U'1 ~l1ee.'I©I:U· t:iollJ o~the E8r~n,
gelle~i'J,of !he tJiJlg,e ~tull1iesor
'oJl:hoyg)l .fii! llllfI~l.(t~$ , ...lll'er~mifi O)fw:mg~e n'Q~t col'1fij)le:<: i Cif rocks to 'Lf'ldel"ftilrKI. ltiis :1!t.!8'!: go~ a lori,["WI]I ~(} iWJl<:il"i,g ~h>2>'1l morn uw:cl8l'":!>t~m:!,~bl~_
.JL!lI~1::!J
r M 1\!:i'ii.J.Lill~":.1I -----------------I~
XV
Acknowledgements
1~"',;l'll'J~i~_eIto !Ot,;¥~ 1;;)1 !;!_:.;pr="~'l9 my' '!Jl~it~e .~c- IMike f!j::r.wMI ~~1(j IFf,:jc!afd Wll1i~e; 1011' 'U~e!r 1;Ir~'Ulf~lnerrrt ~ thei r'~ L'iJIi' the. t~tihey pJ,lmed oWi Imy er!'"Q'r.~ol11Ljs. ~omiS; amltr<X:l!:s '01 muddled wll'it~I'Ig\ lhlil d~lgeS, lh<ll 'tiller ~~ ~~ !~~~~ Ii!'! !l! ~iiIf jg~n'l¥~ E1-:o:t i't~ r$111grlM1gfrul.t~ &ee~[ire/y Imii~oe" Mmy p;tQ,ple took the~ilrle~o, ~d nne thafr: IPhr;l!o,gr~ilIs 0" migrrolles fa~ • hils ~ las-ThE! dloiGS !!If !i\iitlich: C 1$ to ~:;B was: f,w ~ifilliti\!il ~" byt a~h phol~'~; wlilt:ther ii't@Jded or IOO~, has li'"oW;:ninlt1Jenre, IIt~a)k '~rYOfJ1l;1!' 'Who ~m 11'r18 a.Il!lfIjitOgt~1'I er !!.ecllrQ,nic
mEglil ~b~h~l5!'her ,)ntlrb.i~ion" Q
Geolil' OJ~ .~ RdT!;rsdWhij~ (Mourn :Ehiford, Brok.erl ~~iU ~ W!,]ljmoi) , I"erl~aJldol (lea {~rla! N~F<'iJ.. OfMer V~~H;lefh!.')OghEl(M~ C-el1lr:!l), <MId mrk \I'm fl.ee!le1l ~U1IlIXlPO' Bill'l), 1r1l~~!l: lI1a:saJw~, been ~ eI!JJ1f ,txch~~ ~~ tb:;;ygr1!~ !l[I~ v,I~~· wittJiii: ~h~' 1tr'!1tJn;!!lt,~ ~i]tImYni~.y.. W1d neJ(1 II WQur.d like- to HRl:nk M11J'liml I-tolime~ T rn::y ~!'Il'er'. ~rnOfOO 'C;g!1;;!l''e', ~r' lPr;iw\el~AIkIM$ I~~i _::I O]~dQ Fb~nb8rg for illl,lrnrn:;t~rg wli!1'" cd the, '~111· ne::1.i(llru~ Ibe:w'eefl ""hai one cal ree ill lli'Iign~ltes .nltlhe· Vilfiic.u,!'> p!ilCl~llh;;t have Ih<fl~~IOI h:ef)'l\
Inllrno,sl e~r,5, r.oru~ F0:;'~ '00i1:l~ tl1~oLt#J WElalnad :<tld
My per01!plibnol 1i11.,~8:lrn:,es ~ \111M Ih~ed 'IviWiin thrun ~a:;; boon ,inl~u:~~ b~ OO!l!~and di~ng m~ mBli~:e!3, with WH31l~ oo~esg;Jes~ro I1Il w{lund I he' 'WOF,kj, To 01l\,tS ,SeQ1i am <lwde r~ of IlIlgmailies ~!beerl !tl'!Ial:i. ~I"", ~ II <I!i!1 gr,,*:e!iLdkl:r th~ h:;:.!if'~01lJty....0 gefiler,I;)!;iI~ '1;)1 al!!lhose \y'ho h~ SocIw>n, methEiir lieldl <t!e.:B !'~parti:ru· kif, ~ llfiO~g (Or .I~ fi'l ,cl1toiiltllo,giMl o,rdar: N,~ Cil'iown (Gf~lelffolln. run YernonOfld IBm Gollifi$~W!J!u:m~a1d MiJurr! Hom, lDa:JieJ Ib<f;ootlm.m, .A!<im IlooIf1r (A:>tIuar.iPi
at!O!',oio'i~), the MI;lfk ~r:a:m ~aoLj:s.
;lvi~1l so:l1lle5ereru:r(pliy, of rol!!r~" M~' wori{ m'lIl1ll~<'Iti~,~ mlultill1i;J:.1I.l( g I~ I1ata 0000 tl'iis: no d!f~eren~ ood w,a!JJj net IhaJ,e beenl porebte wiloout rolil1!m1Jil~' fuooing, lI:herl?brEI; I an ,g.\;t@1'!lI1 the phiof lor kI,~phy ~ii1dl~lh", qi!;o;J~rY9"Wilt p~'O~Df!iI oltlh", N<1I;l!.!f·~ &:rerlces .;nj 'Ef'l!Jineeri~ ~,t::h Cciumilol Canm.a; 'wl':Jdti fu~lo~"I~rmi GUfik:;.m~.driwM r~.,..,oh p~o,gr~s.
efforl; t'0~het
a.nc
~iJ~V lH<LIdI.,(~tWIl:l 'DI
~I~, I t~a!lk f1~.rlIT~Mo '1f~18~ ~ fbbe:rl f'i. M2Il"Hm lor, ~he ir1\!i~~:iOlTi 110write·~ IbM'f:: em I!TlJg:JTi81:i1es 8fli::! rer tr,ejr,
enroUf~lIiI9fit
W<)
,(Sai!l1bM~h aim)' Sob' {M.M&}, Abdelbll Mbukh~1 (£:i:1Ilfi~h ~&clh

MiKe 8lowI1
Du!\Iih
CG~xl,
thwu~UI,
and ito< Fbb!f;~ iorr uJlll1isherd
ruo: ~!'! ~eaji!~.,.-IQI edltiliQ
M.3teri.31com direitos aetorais
I ntroduct ion
TH E. S:;O PE 0 F 'ilH ~sTLAS A

.C3'l
1.
MUn~ntes are ~BCliCJi1Il, oompl'e_:;;·lltIoltiiFJJ r,o~ks th:iil; in::pi~S\; frudn<tB; or 00 I1fusa ~Io!tst~ AI Imign;]o
nird, dafutmitlcllri .cL'riilgiIPEI'"!dEJ!maitliig has 8J1~Cllt .ai'fact m9,tile mmpool'og!j' ,crlf mi~ Elmes., 0 1IlI'y reray(eg., ln ~(1IIne' OOlilta::t 'IIl'eCll'es) dOl Imgw,.<liI llces form 1.1 ~d9ir oonditfbns '1ll'11er·e tlmfln~ lis e:;oel!ll1:raly no de1'orrllTilEt:iolll.. Gener.rilly~ mg.· lTI;;nit~ali'e defer In'I£dIwh[1\:3trey oon~,;;lf'! m~lt [) iIlfonmlfol"!
g'
fIeti!;!['o~negiU!iI F'~~~ produc~
"'IIf\kt~n~
i~ Ihe
dif~er·
tiite$ ;"'iewed in on QutQfOoPjf'~~fil Uie ~ 01 a se'i~ ·of prQ~, th;:t~od in parlilldl, olrooq,lilillnlia'y, m Ilh~
en.lla stress lrom pl'<'ce lEI pl~ ,and tliils rets. UilPpremJre' griidlems 1.1ri:aI ci!ive the Ii'IiIOllem13.n1 of mate.orlal.Ther-e a~
ikel)'
irTflLJl!nO!of v.~ic,us ~ f:rlots (:!l!'tj, Ute Ipholog''Jlh~ 111 'if.! md':: in too Ipratoli'i hJ, Ibt.c.t oneo, IPa'lial rnoliingl cH too 5e::Ilon A)., [Ii! 'or,Clef10' be£in 10 ut'id;r'stanci tile wmplaxilY ;U);:t.~$td t',[)i;:k(i :tt·EI'·t~ 1iiii..!id1 IIoT9Cf i!'i'!rI~:Oii$. ,;j[iEI' ere!Vtdl ooemiingly !3t1d1'6f<S\lanel'!' iF! r'l1lymiil6ll, 300 tiD prov'.d .. aled. 100' P<ltI'~ me!!. IhM ,a ~i~ty tnl1 is roodh, iDWer the re~ 'Ol)mfl~tfgr !t'ie' ~i~t -oj' th!~ bool(_, 00 n~ ,~! !han tha af Inomn9~,Bd rocks) UIOJ!9foroll, dm'ing defortho kay keto m .:;nd Ipro=s tfd mMo [rdriduo!m9nil' mt!l~n" H1!i rne1~ ~l Ihe rg~ m~~ iifiQr!:l fopidly g;g..... n tiiteS! he way thi?j <!foe :should b11! iO~mmed ~ !i1<e·'oU'!~', pl'es;~ml 9'd'flnt~ .~Il.')lijth!e, ,~ii;lfr~ton, oollect~;i:n ibw·,
to
be
'lfaria.iom in vi5XI'~ly
'!;IF wmpeiente
f[com ~
.m
First,llne-e' Ih,lM' veli'O!g~ll~rcee~ of parli~ mel!in~, Ii thl>i temper.::tlJlre be.oo~ ruffideJrtIy high (~, ~'Ut tlOO'9C)"lrodkslin<1Ybag)if1te pa-I.I<Ilry l1I1ell.8::lrn'l!'lFOcjk,'sI11l1i!! !XI Illposia ions 1:l1Ili' will pr:adlK:a rncr'EI meil: 1~ Q'tnera. :3:1: a 9~Il' 'iemper3ure., a pmperl'!JI ,01' the rock ,ea.led rertil-· ~y. lhus. ,one ~ Imlf!~ ",ely ~ tlilal Q;)mJ;:loe~W be~1'lS at the 5Il,~, b~~' wm",' 'rodlce in a ~e~ will mh ffil:lr'El 1111 1.Mn1atlll!m,; a'.Ime will oot mel!. The hi;jhest elt
'tempetrOllura
F,)l'e~re' $ll~ Do;torm~ioii dillef~IY" beeaure 1i'Hl, Imel!
~i"~$ Q'oem~ p!"I:r'~IQgj~J ~~~8!ed" or :!.'e(Teg..'1:ool,
Imifl' l~1.£im1ld:;, Wllic!1 'Q1111<fl~.I.h!i liiioo~M ,mrlrorroos iii' the m~i~'e. D~'rmaiiOn bewii'i~alflceniroted, or ~titiolf'led, in·oihe w~ pl~!:, 11:J.6Si1 ~8 Ioealloo wi-01!!F,!i (hale nil III 11. Cc,nmq.ilifi!ly, :51 "alii IbE!CDi'i1i!'-il !'fDJ:e heler,o~eolJs, ~ toe Imigm~:"~ d;;!'"ElIOf;l ItliCfQ 3la more romp:e:x ad deFm ruteti q;:cme1.ries.,
.OJ! mi@ll1l;lil:!J liar; 1m to rorm EI~ ex,aftEi. EIfI ilil1Tu;e~. TM ~~,in9 Sid OODU~I 'C'i~' inl o:m'ieci. !!Urooleo3! T!;l,1["EPd (00/5 to' I'en:!' 'o~ tl'lomands 01 yeal'~, SiJCh, tl1ial ~~ mar <tlJG;i"id9 to, .!'}~ er CI),g aI·· ire h)~.anophyre. m r,fillla'Y miero~rlilctur'ei3, rum as· Ina ~ Qf tl:l,13' oor~ Ih""~ht;i !'fl'9lt Q~ed. are' P.I'~rveO beCii!U~ f~~!!llio:;;jjbl"! di;ll I~I rew,1 mb"g,SI;~I£i;w'e5i.. Srruns 8"e" ~I. and ~olrmatbl1l i3, ["~ricled 10 _~I Ci':cdics and she~ Zi'tll!S, 'so Ilia. l.i'te,1nll [aI geoli'Ralri~ Ire'l<il:iol'ls in U~ ~<il:it~ iIl,e ~[ilera:ry preger~. In oolillr.;t;iI the ,slow hBt;1i[ng <Ifid rooo'llng (milia ns lol) t@'llS I(J! lifliIllolil$ '01 yecars) o~ Ire90'!i~ rn~~.rp'liiG te~rM$$ meflil 111l!31: iirte1ts Q'ystal'ire ~I:t', ~.d s.rb~t re¢r)":il~elli~:ioli1l axl:9'J1Isiv,gl'y l11odifliQs, <it' e1o\9m, elimirlatoo., irhe· ptirrnatt mi'orii<Sim.!C!lufeoa MO!'~r, IEl9S s:uins cal ~11lil~lllie over b ng !periods; Q~ ~;iirre, w' Ufili the orfgni'Il ~metry o~ the m9Mi itie' ~,elll:lemi,;,elyfdided bo'wi~l, m;;i trrnl~red.
j
OGI~j!J)st rurp~ i,h;e Mlid~s, too ~mit,e 'will oonlein :'Ii 1E'l'i' '!ifI1i!j 11[;;i;dicl'!~ {)if !filId ~t$f'·Bd :i:'bo'Ut lir'l th~ !i'I!t)$t f'E:W'til'e' ~" ~ the m~!rnlJm I,em,pera:ur,e 'll'm~. an.o~ih.er 250,'" IIfghIlT,; lIMen m:E'l~iflgl ill HlB i9fllis; ICWQFS I1I'IYlI bQ per~'. ~q wall ,~~ ... Q,tih~ I~ rlilr~~I!l![Oi;J!;a. Thlllo;, I the 'Iwo, mignaiiles wollild~do; oornp'etely diUe.reni, eeen
f.I'Si\Ui\ar~M I'~Oilile~a::lfyl:lw, ~a ~oooa.of r·od!:;.
al:l.EIiIiLed
,am· Ilas B'I ·affecl_
I !h.e tempe:r<iiUre
n.a!1~: I.ill!l perIOd a~ t[rm~ lin!!]
Seo:iIlJd, lhl)l matu re oU~
IPFot,e has·.,." imlllu!)!1C$ t1oo.I[:;or lilih
exarMplil. U'rle rntjJn.tJlite prOdUced Ir,Om iisequence Of roCks that 00 nta':tl!l Ji !ling19 tlhirl wn]g.IW!j9I' (~a p.olllle),enooifnd
iii <Htlck~j~
~I'flpllt.ely
g~ ~erlife ~oclli.'so(~ ql.l'<r~O']le} wi'! 'IoO'k ~j~f-erwt rrom one '9~I'1IeF,aI;Gd frem ;[l,~~um~ ~n~.t~ 'a'lqLIeJ'Im' 01 pe.mot!i!l.
th!!tt mbl'l~'IitSa Ihfn~~~1iI,tI
Smil'arl:y,!l. m..g-nat5te geneJ'a;~1 'fm,1'fli M !sotr,opk: roCk, (i!tgt'j a g'Mil,~) will lilill look.lh,e ~18 .n:; on8 'ge~:t!t'i1It;!'d ~fOin a eeqJ.!ell:eol thiiiJ,y beddedehaes anc.! sardslones.
Material com d reites JUlOfais
.2 -------------
1 rJMOUr:TIIOI\I ....
This book. oon!O!ln$ two r;:ari:s. 0 n~ is.Eli "illllllm<!!'"y of tile' ajvan~s il"lllh.8 L.md~rSlaliidingaf m"gn3i!tes .:n::I r·elal!8d roEks, including paW{." m.elttd xB1fl(],litlh5,of ·[t,u5l:i31 f[)d<~
tlhat ~\'I<f!te been ~ ~.1'IIiJe MeI1Jil!erfS f~968} illlilocenlial
2.
GlEN!ERAl T8RM IINoOLOGY AN 0 OI~IIINIITII:O N S NII8~ ED Fa A
WOIRKON MIGMA.T~TIES
book.1flh.e ,00lhqr rolll::ist :>o~ seven 9JI~ 01 p!OOtogr'fl'hs, ~ with a ~oot!al ~»PI~oty ~t~''l,th~ illuWste the ~S< 01' rnbfm ..:ile~, 'CO¥efeC i!f!~Ih.e lir~ lpart Tr,e' tWllJ, IPill~i!; <IN; romp~n~mJt3ly.i!I1dl In, lrne lext, I rel!:.'f ~o title li!!l!5! ta !Of!!> tnrou~lDut. !J\.~ t Me WlO patts wUId <11£0 be Ire.c IOO~;jii!lyj with tll~9 ~!l'xl p....-rt as .. ~~ ,d19:iiI.JS~n 01 m~IMt,1i es, ,er;d the i!l!'[stra:«llpar ~ as a serie:o of
d'ei:~~ in!o!)nf.fO'l~ioliliS q;Jpliod ~o [ndiViduJl mg:n<'t,itoo
2.1
IPFO~
mignmtib:!: terntimd~gy
repr·e5e1l1 ~ ~!lEi' fbu;naiio:nl has be<eii11bOO1:; can" c netted wit h tlTie prevt¥lil\J¥iew6.Q~ M,w btgh-lJi~:te·'t~'nai l!T1garn~rph~ Qro.u~, <fld 00'1'1" "T.<IFi~~'1I1d g'a!1i!ib Im~ tt'o!J ilQriflOOd. IHLJUcm (1f'95~ bd'ioliCti I~ ~H<!J mOn~fte~
In'!JorlV9d.In tlhe:lr'
l'he heritage of
Tbe d'ebaie over wOO!.
&dilblll 2, (In ttli~~. b~n~ wil:h I,hs le:tmln~~;)S)). doted Wit:t'!1 mi:patit~; the ~io~j::; CO!1:;;lj"i,J',!nt f'l1'JrtS of miglld~'EI~ iiII1'l' dW~ w.~ih,fir~,'~h~.IiIhe, d~~y t i!lll!luicFO;P ~Pttli~t%; ..1 ftlOO1,io~of d~rm<ll:bn, rn~t ft,~i~liI, ~ < · OOT~t r~~l'l'PE1:'~ ~~i~. T~ t~.fim~~~r:r the SillGy .ffia deeeriptic n o~ lilllIig!nro:nes 8"6 deline::ll; text I~ ~Wlil 'Inlloo:1d~YI~ 11) In!FQ·{(UOOatsrm wlilara, li~ r",rlt~t da!ined. w!iil;!rea:;; t~(~~ ~.cl'~ i~lJ~1 to i!1dk:;t!;! :;I fle<ll lin cf~in!tkln ..Nlext, ~he, proceg;esth!lOOll~lmll 'the rnrIDrplmbg-k~ ,eiver!$ly iT;It m~$t~~ ate «;J~r9Q~ ~ ofI$ ~Qd$'ifu;I acimrka.ion s:;heme tlilal. Is !llI~liliic!;.:!I.m~li1Qltoo~ and i;l!> O! me<llS r:OF u:~.rS:<¥'Idi~~gWl1'r';' I!!tnm"i!es 1li00le a ~tlQ.ji::;!r mo.rphcolcogy. A~ ool-Herw a;li];eme' o~ d~fiCltiori is pralpoSiEd. Alii p<sts.o'f ntiglTIiOIiites <uld types qfi mlQm.r
"~f
me!~ing dlangeO iir.!<l:I',~~{i.
pemk
5EQli;iie'liit$: ~d well!
C!Pf.ta!ineSChi~S
;nj] oolil1d~
L'l"911{j~5}
~ dilP,lwtl1!1f
tliti88 marntbn.OOi '33d.Otl2
~8
sysIamEficaJly'
muS'llfaloo
In
=tioiis B.. G,. D, 81Id E. Tliewe(1lit '!J~~ 1.0 '.he Impor'tanoo oO'~ mgt~llll~i~ ~ 1IIiI91rrg8~:of H~O.rioh f!llIids
'et'ed t ha gtO!l!1iti;!S f~rlll wner.e tilE! ~ ... t ioll"llfte-!jti:lll9II~O~ '!\1m liI:rQ~ m 11lll0rn' o)Jlllplffi'!l:. H·ffi'f'!!¥EIr. ~Ih~ Ipre~m ~'lM'liilimo didl 11It:l;~ st<::r~ '~~. dtrll'(!l[)p 1U1t.1:~ lal.!!i', O,n.~ df logy ~ir'5li terms 'fjledfk '~o ~llst.8.1 me!til1!3isc:l'a1 ex 119, il"!1:~'!)· duC6d by G.!l!iriDn {190!:l) KI demni~ 'D~ 'WlJ'i6rtl "panld" lFI1el~~ng i~wmpl~e. 'Or where i. IhasClw..!rtr,ed ~Ii! roUifloy~ a rock, t,o I'ocd ton".efmm<tlon of grW!il~, ~r~ollm ~1001} Ima:Ji!lUMl db\,\~~s wH~iIT~~ ~!1iiI in Imo:;l: ~~ wlln(l'l'!;l ~. liei'm i!O req_l.!ire(:l ~",pi~h !m~·~ra~ to 01 m~i~ g~~!e, Iuooll W~ not OJifI1plete; he im~~odured tlile ~ii:I'lIifi 811S· 1 ex I's; IIi!l~iri9 !lliiafll trig, 0 r temgn,ll"lg, Or1'rCid<$,~o OO~ tile· ,~Jtirt;! r~frq.Ji!l ioo.poonJ: ~Q ';:>OI~~tl~ m\')ttLr)3,
too
in tMbrrrt;jJioifl'
01 mi;'rn~iles.
itl1~.ioifl !O~h
~'iOISi .t,"
cIi1... ~
oo!l1id~t~
res.l~ 5 3ld
sifre rnigrna:: iU~s W~Joe lilrS'l odeliine::i; wr rm:
tlhrn1<::~ <ye~iIlirn~rm
Tite iiflt~Fptret;::tlbt'lof
[Iili the to?J'e' illlete!llllth ami earlylwellUe!1il1 cemillries; r m;;p· IPlng Iml he·Flrr9C~brlan :~I$of ~ i'1enno9:a'ldra and Nanh
micro<$!:H.!C~!.ii'e-s !ias;a~,¥
pe'lrelow
eemJl.rai' Ito 1iit~lamOJP'lfc
~OI to ~ha, study o:f n1'gm~iles in pa:'tbJda" .. i:ll
r~nl~9
~ ~.
IJIl'OO f:o idffillt~y ":fIBrnia
5.. tine r.eper~)oiteof miao5tn.!c1:11~e$. (.o;'J'l be' ,'r~ r;:HlOO~ ~'(JOWlloollsid6frnl!f,

~,!ti~ rr.rt!'?:;t~~~f\Jr~
d~~ IVQ!fl'! e;x~.
iil!'leJl~sas.WoelJ as frem natural rO~~ boIIiJ""e, d~5:5ed ill OO!:I~ n5 a'ld mc.w.nl irl::tJC,timll F: 18!ooauoo~jha! .a:qt:;ia,i·tlgf]1 01' d~!e!i1ilic<!l ,oo'moo!;;i~~~n:> 1 wl'lQlo!! IF(JclR~ Md IMinev:;i\; 0
Amef~. r~~~eQ 11Tl<ll'l)' pl~ whElr", !T1e1~JIl"'nt.Ef¥ Irock'S ,@pearaJl~O, ~. lil1~Q' g'O{:llt.a.Tih~ tr~~t~'nal >101[ilf)'ll, ~tr~'8d a 9ie~ df;\:J 01 ~m~. NI,O!~rpri:;iI1~,. ~.reBe,~ed lIli ~.he literature many oplnioM aM!) wtlill IPFO~ cwer~ Ili1tJIOi:v€d '8a:)l'Il1yj'.Q~l'iIa!;is rB1lec~ed~ iooi~ '!IiI~.U!tI{~iO;'lil field! ~c~per[enre.
Om1!~I1IoGI
11'I'i~ .~
oClne ·tt t~, eo'Jges 01 gr:<t!i~e iP\Jlocroioc ~ta'ge"900}, iM~I·Ull.1I iii ig'enllr~I~~Itlle pi'(lee~5. Q:;'i:ifltr,!;tjti!Fl\:i I,Q i1!'iii)i1i\'~ il~ .tile {18W~, Greerily [1003J'., <I'id 83d'e>rjho~·:l 1(1901;1lJ123:,. g;ve:n ~n, ~tioln G; howeve!'., tli1't!l E1gJHe ord mould rICi~ be ~}. ~e;roo!m (l9(iJlj' de9::flbed u~ mcnne.t ilfl which r~d'$j ·0IS··0fI 9'Xh'l$l\i@ ~n.'~· 0,1wlit.;!( 4ai'I bedornl8' wuth .M oldiaf, I~Ji~eciI gt'a1ite iJm.d~~w~ "r!!l'ud::! h'" .m YitJtt. wmpoition:ll·d;l'1lIOIl roc!t;~"i'lf!d Imlnem'S, &lma roQ:;I~S ~Feocnf iinto in. t~~ m~ ~ tM iliIjection o~ ttie. i-Ia;](p tlh~ ~"" I!ii\)~ fl;l~fij~!id11;,)' P¥~I~ Inl.oJrtr!il9~l ~ii';lj~lbliil ~!~lgifl1.l {Fillllmd)l gr.rnil'E!, whblii ~mplY~,EIdw;h<i Iil€! mll!oo <I • naw .. b~~~:IIi~~ iii! ~llg;ri {, II ,tlIi~.g; r;\gdt:~ t~ .ilf·!i' OOtri~r:ity 'B!'L:pI;ivi~;:r ~o il".I~se II\~ lJeliavad 1~;~I1oe· !\~$ in tile' mlsta.;frllI for' Imjgm~fJtes; ex;::rnple90 o! 1.lle:re~e :::moWll H1J1~· ~~'tI1~I!t pn~_Jced by :aroi'JlDlmi~~',no! f;ln~~ In ~ctloi1la. Flit~lly. i!09C~I~ln$· 9d~1 '!\iillllu~e- pro,,· ;IDa JiM ~jply by tpalti~ mel~i~, ~rhJ:>!II"I1, {19(H'} n~o· lenrI!>of IIiTl~pi_ngl'ol' tm~;t~e5,~'Qp~ rm~![om wh~ to du~ t~ Wm IIII'!i~;a't lite tod~ ibetllerm He Idelineg ~O!W 1)·n m~ t·o ~he trimy 11I1atter 01 ~11!e in1:~pl!etllbrl of Innjg!'!l~ite a:; ·1 h.e mht~.Ii',ao~ ~wo geneti';;;]ly dliferenl can. ·~i'i8F.81ioi!JE;" 0.1 !BUID~Fri.€!·" :sIij~UiCIlIS'" _ ,on~ is iln,tru~~cla1I'Irl:' to, tIM,; o~,h~r , __ To
~~
;! fo~l!tine Ipart~f regolrn,j m~,pin9', 01. rifilfdi5C.» b '01 'vdm! IO:!illi'lpi:e', artdl ·tf.1t& I!lM 01 ~rn6f'ljlical dal~
i~ImlW
~jh.~' ffiur~~ ef ~.eat ~m too ~lrai"i~()rrn<'llioii'lS:,
o~ toougj')i .• whk::hl ~.
illlrUoons.
01 graniiit:
da!i'E!h>pedh(Ntl
work
~Dr.s by IBwmdf> .~~~}.
a~
M.3teri.31 com d reitos 3Ulnfais
.JL!lI~1::!J
------------------------------3
I~
rM
th:s £i!"'ol'p 1i;.e!of'l9S t!ile 'fr~~ grO!ritfc mdt;_S· w!1ich *'ow 'net str!iJlct!lJr&' ci".ara:!Brim:ic 01 jJ..~1ilI m~,It~ Ir,equentl'l!'
'blittd'"erntling 1o'sf.n[;', br~aAib gFa'lit.es willh innl!JItl,BIT'" IDle 'r~ent$ 01 Ll'I1Ore-o r-ess oomple1e1y ,dJmtved ot;!'~r rolii;~, .iI1d filllaJ~' :::0 liIle Slilri,pe<il gr,anii~; in whiol'l ,oni'y llha e;lil[lllIil'Faser~ Ip:;!Iojlel~n.lc~i.Jr~ i!Tldloales OJ. 1~'jiItW'~!'la'ilt of~he oTigir'" p:ropertiei o~~he ~," SEdlO!rtlllllmf1007~ c31led Iln~ liIIli~aJ.i~~"'f()r-lIIiIir:g prOOl!i~ paUliigenesis, ~d aI~ilml!!if,l il ,~~lic<tl"l ~F!G~~etI ial'~l ing wid di$.';O!iJpari t[o:rn, he, <4'n Ir9'ded tm'9'ltl "'jed'='l'iIUJ1d iits ~daed ve!!il<E!danc becd<iedl roQ:.s as: ~\.!i~a:r..enlall 10.tn~pt'(X:Ess" Tho winoo ncGk~wm(l laOf' dblin!'.id by :Saderrolm (1003~
Ol$ .In'~.IUIl'lfl,, trio ~~!l!!ettrI
id'ea bild]'es o!' ,fr~J~e torm if) .-i.j!J~ D~e-E hen:k~med ~o wihe1:her m no~ granit8 fo;jas a. 1iIl!iqlil.alic {i,rigin, ood <ttOtlg I.roe, lOCInlilllilgm .. rc prD~.q.liliSl.9, Ill' !Ihu "wat:" VMs:J~ "dr~" 'crmil ~.I0!l d~~e. ·tloce i'li(unat!tes, W;f:r,e OOOi[monly !>!len ~ th91i;l,d i~ am [nterrmted!ct~ PQ!si~b,n. oo~~ f~g1g,1i1 ojlm~~olFp~ic rod<s,·endg!',"" 'e-., QPiiliol1~to t~.eif ~~ijI1<iSDdivl!r~, TII:!el~ .. of t~ ttlli'!1:J!Wefiji' w,~ ~n!ld~pm:~tU: oi :;ll:lOrwnffii()d~ipllw!c[ntlno~w r,c.r mi9'Jll<l.tites,. ~'ifSiiby ID ietridl aid Mehl11€'lf1~ (1960) .. :<rid fln<lliti by M~l'irne:rl. ~19&!1'.
aFlO3'~M p!jJf~klno~ M8litn~r~s ~ook in 191fa, 81.IIBfY 1~'1fo' m;'Jl(lo~i~y WOr!'; d!;ltn;;' poirJl$; IQ, th~fMlrr;j\'!1neQtal fQ!e' g,j
tna
Ih:¢ br,ooj<too
t'(j(j;;-~ .~. 1191!i14WI!I.
lin
'Nor!!;, ~~l'1o~ (192.6} IP'~ mere em~h~ ss.en tlite wlesol ~I:~k>,rll~nd lite ru'troJ130f fluids) k'r 'wlhlch he lntrodlJ~'he Iterm Ilclh.or, i~ til!e f~rin<i~f!ol m~m~~e~,
A.n dte:~md:i\i'e 1o'ie'fl' rillllllilma:~es
Wfl5 ~Io;ped by~ll· ogl~:$ workll'!(jl in r~Jo.:naJl :m~~lrlpl1ilo~:aI'f<t'~ O!'Oaol thl;llJ], H!olmqub:! {11!!ilfj), wl!Jmd h~.g~f;l ~~~ tn;:(t eo ntain lIH.r.ysmaJl plll:ohe5 and velns of gra)jlc!C l'IlIaIerra, .As ttr~.., W~f;I !IT:O 9l"?dt~ ~~Py, ~E! in.!l;I~rrl;l~a::j H~ Pc:f¢~h~ IIndl velns la. lbe the ooliemiorl9l,f"S lor pfI"!i;:j rnell e.:!:ud'ed 'iliel!ll' of mi.;Jircl'titles w~reqxtnd5c!b!;l;l1y fro ml~ h!:l rI'iIica-rieh part$ 0.1 t~~ ho,$! gneiss. lH,o~mClUr$! 'TIil:.ilt;:, the IiliJ;ld~m ~o 11-'kI~l1IlqiJ-~'S {Xl~: {i!f IJilt~:aJ1fI@'iam!l.rlptlISllll"ald Ii!} ~ tlil~· n1i3m<ti:1Ie!a~he' Ilfme. vehile to empha5ilt;! GederlliolmlsmntBpt QI3i:i~~i!l,CiJJt rls!i3f iflr,QifJflltba otJl\tl3pt th~ ililletmll orfijnJ~ lHolln::r,tllfSi '~911!J.;.19.2.01'ffill' amd to O! lp!!Jlngerce",s, or ~.Iile va~l!ls 11Ile1:;(9Jmatic aid ruibKiUidiE;1~n9JjEh It!iemir,om §3d:BrOO~iTlrs ~t8tites:, ",,1tlfl Iheiir (in; pmces::es ll:ropoS9d dtlring !lIe, (1<li'1itiiza:jlf.iln ~a:9. ';'ei~s, (J~ ifIjecl!ed mOll,erial H.€ ,~rK:e ollle8ilby g80ites ~nl1iPQ~::I'~rlil I,J~, mi!p';!!li.'<l' iii" 5Y'!lQn)'fliIQ:~~ w'i~h ,0000~e::o;;~e-., i1dk:aloo to h~m111'1~ tlhll hIfta OOljteQ fm tlii~ partlia! mgo~lngl Ccnseq,uellltllf,. ii ls oow h@hlYdebai:~I~ ~ hel r.ef .a gerreral !.<It I~~r ~I'lHIE! ~tlh, IJo.e,~lh~ lnfeHed for r~ n~ !i!l~~ i'iood~1.0 M iiO~.maIJo~ [Ii'! t~:i~ book, marphi3!Il ~f1I I~;ler;:t. Thus:, IHQlrmqIJ15I'91!6~ ~ntroduDOd de!lliitlon of 1ifr'i~~i~B f IlllISe a~~~ lJarliahme1!il'9-~ de1'iniitiOn tn:I ~riptl'l!!t'!8ffrtll ultlrDI:I'I etllm'Olrlph Ism In ,o~dw.r to tmd~'!!i 1h.~ ~IvGI:Q!miInD'b>jwtorr migmd i~e,:;.Arty dgfif1iti~n {,I m!gnaiitli liigherJtlm.-tio!"tiai desre.e 01 me1Mlo~Pl\Iism require:.l ~o.r rooukll 'cer~:<'im!i~ lncll.!de ref>eret'.re ~Q I~ Ch<t~terisp~lllar m.G1ting ~"jia.,~a1(»(lisl_ ~ias ~nt~ho f[flkl, thE! tmos'i irmportmt '01Wl1iro~fl' tlha' 1(1} The Wm If-illlt.~~I!I·)iII~ Wa$. ir;1~o&1C$d II~~ by Et:h~ifti,Bj;iii iTii~ili3$ !Jro,Jr ofjoly i.m .Ji£J ~l;}HJr:<d~ pti'~~ ,tJ<R r~alnBJ metanorplliC ~:err8Jle-g, (Tupperafnp'hiMI!l'e am:l gfwllJl!le' (19S6) to !'r!eOOI Ute- ~aI JJf0ce3i: 01 p.ar'lia melmlgl ~<rie~<I1d 00 nt <d: aJlr-eo!Qs {p';'rm!3l'lEi ;]I;;d llioTIidimitll hom·, i1 ths 0) nl~nental cru9!, <lI'ld hQ linl!~llIdfid thWl 'II repl;li]9 ~~!ilo~m':5 I erill$ <P<l:e:~j$ Oflg ~~ r~~.lg'w~~if. ~el~r~~i,~ ~gJ~~ I m~<!l:it~~CQ~1"!il F}':!f'tc:.t;\IiIiI~ the e:;:o:;isi;ir!!] term "m~~is' w;]:;l,perrfE;.:;jJy ;Y;!1,qmie, [ft:! m'l'1iing 'OCC!.Irred, F,ll7ts, ..... ere !IIl!!!li was, ,e:li:t~a::i!ed" pgri:s: h ~h~o~~ wm'ell lli'i1!!ft lli'I!9'alM, ~t~ Wh~f~ i'i'i~lt !t;OU'gtcdl, bo:tli'l lfI>!t8!~~~ tnd di;j;t:Xi~d~ctll~ .~Oifl U~, t~~rngl ~,",e!!:is!.)Q mean part.iallme!tirggl' tM oomi~)e!ri!t5j 'O'IUSIl, ~ p.rtt$ '~il!~ didlliQ! mel! .~<I!!, tb'1il'l'~~ ml)~pll:llO[l~iOl~ oompl'o.:o; wd;;~ LI1oIrnod every ocalo of 'Obr.cflla:ion, ~irom The d~ute o!{et:"the 'org~ g,r gr:;,;i]:e (~ the. di~~o!"S: ~he;mh;t'Q,~pic: ~o th~ nruOO'os;;Q~~, by lReaJll95i) aJOOI lin~I'uellred tlhrJl1:lJh~ ml mi~i~e5 ~wem; OOOS~ dernonsr~ioofJ Ulal agl'Oflitic: m<girla! II>
Imeltirlg it} tlilel forlill<ll:lbtll 01 rI1i~::iite:l, Th€WII3r"6' ~b~!iekJ$ Pl'O~ In ~;ltit9S, bUI t!ley ~o,w!li!!'t tli!e ~~CQQ',;;Jtic; ~~!;a;)~id!J~~~ lOrn: ","!j~rn illl ~tlh~mJtgn;jJfit~~ 1m brm!!d p:rb'J ~o Ui~ OI'R~ ,o! j::a'"' rl!1!i lifoei~li19 (~I9'., ~~l!T! V~). O~!f!$" MlhOFfj. !fr~' :~QW!'l ~hal mel.a!Dma:.iem i5 Ino: ,~s":grniHcant frolJorlnt tlile fQ,rmac ~len oH IilIlgllll~U~es.a1thol.ll'JhiM 11)~lux Q~ <lfW"!'O!!J$ ~Iurd$ t in~ill rcd'fo;th~ .,e ~if,ll'~Qllhg~r !;t:l,Iidl!~lle~aI;l1!r8:;j IJi!'¥ ptlOIo'OM pgrtiall meJltrf!IJ <mil t he fOfmlllioll~ (I,f migr.al:i~.es ~~g\,Rtatiwlflt~l, H3ft~~~~, ~O'OO,~hn~rr·I;I1;~, 200GJ.
o~ IP~lij
~ew s;~~,ol
thl;l IprQdv;t
oj
til~
~Ireme
k~to:!iI~
Icr'r.l!dl~io'nJoi
2.2
A de.linition of migmatite
b~trlC ~~<9f1~<\ 0I'!c1 U~ a!b~~n! ~indi:~httl1ere i$ f;J[ IrnoJo~:i¥1~:o ~'haili ICOI.l~, po~bty too m::do !by tM;
,nlOCll(liitiZfr]l, Siiitlil ul!;iaj !I!IM Ullhi:!'f:IJ. in pa'~il~ mell.lnCj lril !Ih!;l oontllnenl:31 O'll$li·. H{],w~r. 1~
to If!'xpla'n Ill.ow I~gel wllmle:l thlilCtu!it led to ~II'I~ ~:H;a!led
i<rli: 0' ,Ill $lrllC!wraJ ~Od 9~ granitic lill;:gl'11a mQ'I!'e ~n -!1;)a:;e prol:il~IlI'I" ~llo jlhe
Mehner! (19M} de! inedla mil,mallte as "," ,am~p:k:aI~ CO~~ft Imd::oon<i<>l:illij mel or' tiIlore palr~~hbalty {If ~i~!il~~ fil',;tr.:~ QIIl'i!' Q~ wih:dl i~ the.~~I~:ry IrQd\ ~~r,~iJy ~ a 1mlO!,e or lies;, n1!elrunor.phic .~~'. tile otiher ~ ollpB[i1'!1&!itb, ~I!_tlc! •.grMII.I~ Or (1!M.e.r~1y 1P!Iu~olml~l'fl~ru'3'108:' !=Or <
a !l1J:l n~l1!e~ dclil~tiolii!,tihe use o[~lhe hmm, • pe~atiiW'" ie, ·~litIC·, ~ "gr:anil id' W~ lurt1bf1:w!ni<iIi, as thl& tl:Tiri'e c;a:'ry
l!IMlist~le. '£JIfilstic IliTlpliCBtloril!l.. A OOiXJool prorilem lis
the
teJmino'!o9'/IJ~hJ'
di~!'e::'en~il!te 1'J!1d1 !Jhe (no1npartia 11
In181~i!3d) tr.omthe n&!Nlymsaled ,(ih~IP~liaityme]edJ< ~IS
hJ ntetdlflOrphiC ~,i'd'e, A"~()rtn (19S5} rr'9C~ ifiiOCll OOthof tlila::tillProbilernl; illl his d9:limMon of m~~'e ~ "a IFQd;. r,l)wllld ih rned'U!11·g<:d~ .~ 1m1fP"~ocle met~n::i'tpl1ic .:'trie:lS'" th3i lis p~r\i',~y inoo,i'nogeoroeo!l!S onla miD1o:mp[c roill1~,{HlI:t pert I::ei~ p:j:INJ:JbILH'1!Id .m OOfI5!Stef1IiY of '(JJat~,2!).1~kf~a1:Ii~, Q~ fetd~ji! lc ,oompo,the LlIlpr61i5e reference atklrn.:" IUlrnfort!!.ln!(!jely, this n09n:etb de1ilillHon d:1~ ltO,t
lin m9n:;tit~ ~ di~li an:] loon trnet'8rm~ I.nai ~9 usad ~Q de~itoe ~11e' ~'ea ures HIli:! \lafi<tms ~Iithinl~ IbnfJ,oo dhfuMn~ 011a ~aJlQti' ~1Ie. '<lI'e' oulillinoo.ih's ["1I!9!0~ tsrl!llunob9J(I$, ~[~ereb~e-,flPrlC<!ble to, the li!ite·~e, " dela!led da5tl'ip; iOn el l:Fi!irmtite.s; in a!lm~!1 ·o~ctc;p {Ies than :r.cYCraJllm~), o:r ~ nanG':samples
e_({i!~'t:Ie &derllo!rll!s <Q'!i1t'!1iie5, fod!:5~lha 18ro','!Ml (1973) h~ ~ocdy i:I1'gI..IOO .~Q ilritmooliTi br~ ;nj Mt lmgr,~, tiit~ flt(lf:Q 1:5flJt'tlher<XI~<Q4: ~l;) IbQg;JinGd by ~il"(l i'(ft.a!1;~ 1I1he p!iiIr~ .• " •• ~'WQ genetiCa!!ji differei'<! W;t,t~yems., ,; in ~110 in11~(1007' d'dlinilil:mllf rnwm~i~e bo:mmes irraiet.'aM if ~iite-s <fIe e~ ~j$E! f<l~ 1P<f!iaJ m;t,'1i~ (;;1!'1.;! liOOiilEd !~!id!.!~, ~~i:)!iTi ,;Jf1d met~~i tilr.ll,~.~m~n~1!( g;:rieti<ied pats Q~a rriJ:~I<I"te oLgn 1.0Ib€: ooro~e!~Ilj,~elalled. H e;;-~A n.e~brI(;Wing~e~d~llnitbn
is,propo~, M Igrn,frllt
2.3 nescri.ptive
1!m.gI~EI ttl.. Qno;! is~I!8
tenu'), and definitlotlS Fbr the prlndpol parts of a nd:gmatUe

IQ Ol;lll1par'~
'"'
{~M)O'
rn~ or, ~ot~)~
"",5th tr.,g, r~Gkl Ui~" g>(i~£!CI in will
~oo
'Q'U~~<:lP'
~.re,same ~}ut'crop
lbeer!::' pa"liai menr.fig oOOl.lrr,edL ,::Orne-
Ironck'S, b.9caJi&e they Ih9119 9:lin£ille IlIJIlk crm-.roatlati'l:i"
IhOfl'e: ~Gl OIIl~.ed b)'t he IpaI"tiai nn:elling, wiherea;; ollh'iII's, ,ollJ.malrli~liI oompos.Jii!:lns;, will oot. 'TiJ']093 mdfm 1'l6'i'\!il!( fD~rnedl
"11f]W
e:
a .rod! [wild
ifI
meah'm·
al1d'
1lig!r'1!ll~rre
by j'ljt~iall Iiteltii19 are, ot3ll!d jjB')iDifruB, WO<"";tl1e ~!e!'mis dei'llled as rOICws..
IiiEMI:iig
f~f ~fJ b!!' ~f~~ M (~ ¢JIJ'qrtJ=pit. ~il fIJ.1t:1'\o&"'up0=1rJ, Mtd ~I\a~Cil~S ,ei tw:o, or mare, ,,~row~~rir;J,lly,o'it,ret:enr ,ti~rrS O.r.a'Cf r~ ,1;)01'* m~ JJoi~~ fbfmN plMifiilf :m~'t,Uld m0 a:\'lt~irJ rodo:lI f~~ .lli!li! p.lllr", ~ettr;a,Ify rdil1l/i'd ~a~ oUlet '~r;;J/hi rre ~.e]I~!tti t,D .roo'r p.~o~~h :rfir~ p~fr.GJ iJj9i!.~ IJt ~.sgtit.b1 rJf tl!ie It~el'l' fl~ !re'''KiIId' fra·clm Th.'l: p<t~I'~iY nieJ1iea pi/F,r Ij.piO;l[¥ oonJafP.;!: pMfHJrJ."otfid rook; th:lt :J!e q'W.:"l'zo" Md$N'/fr0. ,or tW-,\o:)thj,; m' O!;J!P~~iM., ,Mol d<lrk-C'NwW rocks rllar aft! ff1fir:l1ed i!'J t€l''{omggl1~n omir:!fi'ra1s. ,'i(M~r. t.l'll! ,p;:l~rl.illr m~h~ .ptJ~~nI~y ~llflp\r .!I.l1.e dlJ~ mi~y., m;!;:;r~rJ.C\!~1r~, ,arXI~'Qlm!M:e' m!~j ,[i~l~.~ta'~e /ijf'!l eHia1.i! palM.
ml;lr",.fo!r¢t,lJ~s~~
INIeC'5IOme: !he Pi~rts al a m(gm:1lr~'El r.'Ii'!0}< I~ 1;fY:~f ~r.i:t:IJr)!ldD)!, pilnh~ mffiii/y. TIl!!:.mMSO.m,!! mny, or marr.d,
Iwlile' ,rmd~' ,r:/vr,s'ali1e' ~3Jij~!d,
vI
~*lm
i.~ Wl1k.1'I1.j'n~ mell and .00.\'11Il'i'lc.
A g;lr.efaJ dl .. ~tll!i'Sllic ,M ~OO~mil r~i 1n0l! n 11M~.OO<ti~ ~ 9r~~~~ {'!l"q" ~ IB~-B4)~h~ ~he r~: 'oi~lh!l mip;futi~e. R1rltier'lnor6,
1!~JlnD~'
'!iM &foolllt'e'
(e$:. foliltrcrn', 'folld!;,
<",,(j! nt),~O$!f1liC!iure
(5h«le,,~.Mgor"!en1~tgn
No~~ t!fi~ t h~ !iJrDlpa,r~1.QiiS<)I'~
IfIOt ~.litJd<ntl1
tlitt :Dm~
oot not
~ill\i'
ai, eI' I:h~ !ig!ill-OOIOredi
paHs h..'rie-~o
re
til ~he' o~hMlr pal':; irh8l'1I <I'll fum ~ ~~~ 11:;l mi~~e', ~ ~. ~yg!l ~tO!j1 ~'¥ b~ !oljrg ill 3IT!Y p.'l!'!i~!i~r gnait!l'. '!l~aci;jiy if tl;te ()u!~rope:x_ined m i~ 5I1l'i<":lil ~IM:!;. t.h<llfi ~fal ~t;<li"I Irnpo~t~lt "~Ior in tine ~Ll(!yol ~I'll~it~~~ ilner>e !'lIe<P!'l~'" wliereo !Hila) molt~ngl I'kt> oCCUl'roo, pans from whioh, U)() tlil,D1! frn:;tiori h,.. be~nl f!¥nOvec:i, P""~~ wherS'~h~ ~I f~~llo'n 1101$ oo!!'ecteo;l~~Mu~ed, !:lr beeo Irjectcei;l, ."d of ,o;)~r,~. tlhr::re ~'e j}a'lbHhfl did oot melt ~31L Ea:;fj oll:n:ese pi7I~i!:, h~ ~~:QW n w~, r~ '~f rngtt:li()l~gl~ (Olf ~f~tl!.!r~}. mfrler!!ll Membl'q, b-~[kroIi)1lPiJ·si~kln, t11IormilJILr!ure andl ~a1led 1ie?;:!I"we)~'CI.')U~L,um~ Iy..~!e~e I$ia"tenmlino~ to t dciin~ md ~riibo oxh!, In th:Q' no;.;t ~io!ll, Idedi w:~h tree de!!lriltloi1iS 'for 1.lilIeO':.ii"i!i IUu~t paiS ,01a IrJgi'iallit~: tlhe.re, a'~ 5lWr~ed ~nl~ioi1! 8 oj tl~l~ bQOk.~~ BI-8:54)- Fir~.
petf<lg;ll'lQiJ ic;;lly ~etJlled
Clf lfJ'o'Iim<;} th~ m:j~oo p:-br to p~li~ Ii!l.gitirgl'!re' 1Pl',ogrw..~io'cl'l'OOg'tdoo'll'lhr: d~b"tJ <n::ile~tr;rn, of par~laJmGIHfig li~~,,'M(:j ~!1~~i~ l~i~1 by ~ ~ it!!QrQ~lrlJ!;lll.!Fe' a'ged by ~hoe: nBOEOliT'le-dml1liling p~ooe= A l1IeGSClm€t ~t;l'l$a ~Jf1je ranoo 01' Irno:t-~Io@j~ as tM ,exanr;lla.s in ~brl !8 Q~ thi~ book ,~, t~ IiIl.el!t .~ ~F!dllr~~bn:;: Ihalo$ $OOflagalooll!l &lline'~ Plga OO,_B;114.~, ut [jlQ~ ~nlo,ttilars b {F1~ 1B15-~:5) ,.'!i'~ n~~m~ i!1l1!l~ m!~ ~!;!~ t$ i~$,~'I!
~e.gi '~~~e,_jj,1~' r,oorured neoseme d8'9:Jibed b~' W Ih~e
eij
i'I1'~~~.
;IJ,2004.), bu~ lin m'g1t1"i.t~ w1h~Fe~h.;l meUfr.<Ctio;)n was Ih~, I he f\ieO:ff;J11l1e1 rr;!1V iiJE!i/e Illrlved" ~~lhe pm b na {a,g., Ib8dSi or oomllIDstiorna II~,:;) QI~11ii8 rod;;. from wliJdI 'til8' InBC'!iD:ifr!9 fifJtmedl 'ctltl be ~gi1ll~1ed in, I ha' p.EI"ifr!1gtr!ail.8' stale, iheo t~~eseparts ~e caJ'ed '~Iliie IprO:1 om !I (,bihaifles 1.1a5), olr tlta- p~nlftt r'oc:l!{A,,t{lIKIr'lh1r985} .. nus mOO!l~
(lj ¢)Y['~" t~ ~lI,e:it "",WIIh~
the
p!'owll~i!
CMMt
be
pre5Eli'!'J: in 'HFrlign<'l:-
'<I~
been COI1rVi';:!'~ed ~Dne<Jwme,
lila:'; bElen ioo;:.lir.'ii5i:enl IU~ '01 !:erms, ffid bylhe lJ:;e' 0;1 illlJ~r,opri~(l hll'ms.. Mohmon {lS!jS} IUISOdth!ll ta.nm "!pdbo:;Di!fK!'," ~ing·'o'id Ireek' Ulll'(]'U:;:t~1J' th[t'~o[):o:tof h~
IN <ming oflme IlDfI·lmilOOOmEi prut'~ ol·.<Ii m~'lit·,e
wrn~~ by the
M.3teri.31com d reitos 3Ulnfais
bc.tlk i'tlr !toe I'1On-!'ieQ~mle

1Jr.;a:J9 is jl'iO.'lMiiltenl
witlillhlil
lpal Qf a trn~rn"ile. bui: Hili. delln!tion {"parel'\l r~. 0131
m1:gmcjJ~tel'~ g1llElmlinthe~t:lix
{1:9Bl'J}" ~JtIl pr'salnl
of hi'slooorlL Tal AI~w.orrlh

tarloot be
a.~erit!il~n me:runtil~ ~IDme
rn a migm.lli~e', i~ ffiiLl~"1 ~ beQn OOtMIn9d~ol pe~:;omle' t:y. delinNioJ)" ~~ au1:~lr5 ~e.g" j)iIf!..,~, <!!1Id Gu;:It,~ '~992l' hii.o\e IU~ tt1;e tefimHm~;x.rne" for~lhe llO,n-rltlOrotm!! p3r1 o.f il nitl'€!rilla:III.&,l!l!l~ t~l;:t i~ ptobll!FrWiii, I C<I! OO'. <l$ tr!e nO~-fl0000~ile!P'ait need ~;t !:Ie Fr!~fO'lliG, t ondl moreowr', Ii" rtl3iI)i Ci.'lses, ~.he 1ii'I£ICI::!:l,nn h;:&:; maooC[;jic p~t 5. Tile roo~ 01' the p~o!)!E!1l1I s tr.:<:!i. 1:nere is no cleW i OpiuID,,1i n 'i/illhkh ",c.ki rodt;" is th;ij rolO'l'WlJ (mo. ~. lit i~ 0 ~Iho ·otll ~od<,"oll~1i p~iJ"~~ 1<lI,,~tr~1 st<itl,. tlhtln F:d~~1Ilr'I9 relet'" t!li 1M I!I~~, t~ wm toaoomOl neo~!Tle" bu~ this IJ~ lis reOOnd!ll~, ·as OOe<:joo.lie' terms, ii~ pro](Ioli~:hor .•
P<f\~
iCand tn!llanocltll~ rc.cks Inl .a InIilQOOIillIl ill, nearLy aJw.~. tlhe Ir8!l1~ a~ ..... 8!I·defillied poErtrolog!cai pmOll~ {,ag., ptf'~i~ IIirl~ti'rng, ~~ifill (If ~he ~I[lPiJm tl"~ ~!id !ti!ffiio~, etld fr:tCtfDn<\I ~aJ!laii:o n.~ ~ h~ oombilnoo 10 cr'~ie' mi;grn.1tites; tlilljs; no,metl],cta,. hal tl,l~e !1,~ prowil to M vef'!J IU~~~~ and i~e~r:r Ir~~~rl["ed
the d'evek!,l;:f1!lfl~~ of leu.wcrd ~o ~,gene~~
W.eme.
aGllle"ii:if-,~ p~molillilHl a lWO'iPh~ ,oo,lldj noo~!'rle, TI!e m~:t rr~!bl1! Ii!~ ("I ~we!' "'OOQi5i~y :<fit! de;:"I~I~ thill1l~ he re:;iduill oolfd, <lIiId !iXl1i\~.e.nt Iy~the 1.Vi\CI ~tsol' .. ne!Ooome can, ~me~a.r<teQ'" 'Qr ~~IYi~. H.o ~t el a r:ni(Jilloll:ft(l~rorn wihich too 1m1.111 tifIDli!:lml I~ boo.::(1 Ircmo~ C<I1 OQ, d8lU!l~ <l5 'lblbws.. ~sidll:!tu'l'! : ~me'pa~r ,
(H-
r~r~~
The 'Olll!;e~ o~ Pru'ti3! melitillT!gl ~ar~
rl'lll~~' "'"
r~
i'1~e
fl);l~
G Ptedi)'!i1iJMinr~
ii'O'Ck, ;;;II~<d:~ !l{;(i$l; for
th<t
Peart.
Th~ ,~t~n~!"'e', l~
lli'i~m~fJte
..g[~1tQliill," r~f$'~'~!g , lOOt ,liiieded b.¥ p::t~li1l.l mel.tirTl;l m which, theeer'Or'9", ~'Ma!n.s cnty S;f!,)i}tl,ltlaS !hal! pr.a~da1.a~ he p;lJ'tlia! m~i!i1g, ~ I:;' rmOllll' ~!WfuI!' H eJilO3, thEl,f<;J,I!bwi~del.,ition
['Spr:IJIPl'se:l.
/m, w,'kJ rr:Jf;;lioo ktU ~ftfff j!lI~rli;_lJ' ~r~ ~P.d ifl1l;< !t~f~"rm d ,:so/l'1~, a.r 'IIr.. ot .rI'r~rr.!§I'fJac.tICfl .. M~ntC-(f1I§ ,iMka1~ It~<I_lp~H~I~I~~ ji;~r(@m~irq mM'~p~t.
~""~iiTI i~,~~ner,aI ~Il'rrn;tl;i@«l

~~~brilS, co~red ~:hi! t~rnl minerds,
is nO'p~~i~I'~ r~er·
Fo:r ~m€, bulk by' I~t-
ence'~o roCk OOolbr o:r W mrn€:l'al~blaae.
may
be· d'o~Ii'ial~
adl <lS feld~ 'o.r qU{I'E<l; ~ypic<lity, tlhl~ rmiilnoa~aI$Wei'tE! $:I a:.yndaf1~ lin the' p.ro~o,lItlh, PaleQsom1e: t~e~-neO$;Oi)te' ~rt d a mQ.'1'1.;me ,rfl..'( Well,. ~!Oe ~hey domimutilil~Ih!llll'a@;Iu~m (!II ~,~ 1p1l~ w~tll re~ect ~ {JR~~ lOy ~tln''wme1lir.g\, affiii if! Wffl.tJ1 ~~~ {.s.:.'C_~, ~o ~h8 m.811.~pradllciin9 r,ea::lion. How~, ~tl\!iJ1 me::li~lof a.s. too.;].rior.s,. IreMs, ,~J!8!.itl9J.(j_Id8f' !Wli:m t,/:Ji!!' P.8J~','a! 1'N8n'ir\1l .m,!!' ~h~ mmimO:rl.ctLl5l:oiI ro&;4ypeg.t~1y 9shBrmeos Ir\¥-ldJj~ pftltBMa, roo m,iaodr.!c.i~ f~Z8,~, ,tIM mient"H!Dn' in whi::ltl fermmQ'lesi8l'l ffi!ner',a}s ~e mspr oo~~u:elli.& oj :wafu'.s) Lls' e.fuE!f UlIIT,sfJ}ed, Of i'Jfiy s.'&:!',1~y l'Vilf5ene(ji, a:mp<lrsaito' rJ~r In,s{milairror;:,\;o.sji:'Sf ,(lW~ :ri!ts,re,Qlt1j')~,n:eded' GCJIgeqLJsr.t.ly. r·eoSi::IlJiaare !I1fIOs:l oommonll.l!' melail.ocr<lllc, by,~"\'l'lC{~_i:;e.. ~t !ililil~ ~re '9i'o'ef! ~he~d term m 'l!!1'anQ$Qm·I,l,
Raieorome
did
lOOt
e;l;iist~lbeGruse it5.00mPiJ':li~~:nwas ~ parti<llllf r:rli!l!Iii: ald dlid OCIt bOCQmQ nllO,9:l1ill9
~.h?J: ij {O~SlEn
Nell~OO:i(lme:
,flee ~ker-OObrM
peen .of ~~
il'J a rltJigm,lfito!l
6"lmei, ~'er,~~,.
tmr is
t~e
l'1~je
.rOO!JI:rr
,d;;iri1;: oIII[.tIIiIr.lII ..
1~~; htlwaver; .~ !;Cme ,of ~Hf!8' 1l!~~ogr~h!O iff! Ilh~ ~II<!$ 5OOW, iit is nol ~W~~ ea.-y to' ,decca wiha1 has: IiMH!o ~ wm:ll IhilS n.oL iFurthe:r ,rubdi'l'MIii o.f tM p.lI!mrome rml<Jl be pll5litble, ;;mj e'Itefll JJ:eful. in m~inQI ~ me mgtJ<"J ilies. 11,iin co:r:npariMg[~e pre,· .iDdI PClst·~Ua,·Ilit9l~ill9 ,SI,aes, CQ1i'lan 1l;!itO~~:es pers~ L.lOO1O'1il~ ~niJO the, [h~e5l"9'a;le P<fit~ of too' l1Ilig:1IlHltill!l',hOO! toooo p;jaoool'me mho~gMls e'"Ili bEl ~ c318d 1'1I:SI:st.ers {~~9:!l'11 0,1' Irr'lItr:!ld'ory_ l3ft!rt ol
,c~~~,e,
~lhgpyr,~~,
,el'
~M.'.,liH'dnu.rl!IJ! feU .. ft'~f &1m.!!; bepr6se.m ..
a!'ld' e!en O~!tl·r1e. meJilM,_~e 'The
ifJ Me ~;
.stIt'1l as bioril!;', ,d/mp!f"Oi(ene, ~Njl fmCroo

.Ms
,,'1.\1; cll,rn~ mi!:l/ J.r:xfbl'
tre.-1'~Xrrac1.ed, M~wct~res.rI.XfG;.'l!LfI!)pfrItfi:Jl me/Ml,l\Imar
n.~oompler;nent
1.0, re~fdlrullfl
is,.
01 roLttl3t, dM'liI'M
~1F0m
qu~t<:i~,e, ~ melam~iC rOC!':_$ a"e OOotTIlIli!Qil re;:;i:;tor i~lmlogio::; in ~<JtLto tor~amo~ Th;o nooooma LIIUl:O~m'lI ~ldl P<'l~m~ P<f'~$ of mr!lJflla~.e$ Of1e'~wi1l ~I;.~rri" c~l)I in ~ 8l-B4
©~
~heffi;at~i¢ mel'!, H:'d tiTii$ p~tt ~f .~n~ ~'" laucoscHw 0..

~ r~).!I
~$ Cal!edl~il'le'
ligl1l!!!'I"ool!t~
I~
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cf: ,r~
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ih
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8, bUI ~ !he I~~her fiQ..T(j~lih m ~dassfd' ulICIr· p.;Jt ,01
m~~~i!'e'.@nsIt1jFQ ~.Y"~fI'l;;Y Je~e
9:!Cl.ion IB .MOW,. 'Ihel'e lis rill "I~" migm~Dt~~:.~lhejr rIlcorpho~qy
IOng[O:(;.-\lIO' ~i~h~r U~a nOO(;Qme ~r Uta ~'oo~rne'
!~ ~lghiy 'ViliUed.
T enlf!l$ W'E!(;UfIc to the neooome

The no~net~Eermjnobl7Y
<OIl;
m ~mt Pl1!t .r1f tile mt:lJlitlt:it,!j ,deti1md !fool regfifj, gtI~edp;.r1I;J~ i'!'l~; i~may OOI'Irii~ .. m~rocn.rr·e~ ~~r J'rldk:a~~ ct!f$!'~I(~,~iwI fftxrJ' a ~. tJ(.~, mii1'Jm~" ~·e m~y t/..,"f ~!iit(.l:iaile tfle,rn'.t!p~~&;o.!~ <JI'anl rolectj'clllel~:f,ad'.1tJf.~1 a c:r)r'$f~.lh~ffm) M' ~,il;l\Folr,!m(if r~t~c-'~~ed a m",N m-ay
,haw [.rumed_
,Md$t..:[lt
.. ro
qlj,>:,iU,
rn...
<:l
N M:etmen (196a} is [late:j

01 Ifgiri·!o
dla'lgJ$
[flit h;ofl o'laii'o'fr ploportion:; r
da'l~ooll"
'~5I!l
or!ld
m'if],{IIT"b
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<I,
rni9'1lci1!il,g,~!,~
He ~:re.. physld f~:rlrll.DrJiii'!lillt3l!~n, and (jt~,.!l\ze·~e ~t ~!Odor$; ilii detEoMnE1ill1lwll~ is IFfj5iDli,I,JiFn, ~!3)~. (lr
6 -------------
mel<¥1l)~me, a,rd!lle pRIO~cgaph!> in secHol!l E! dlow

ol tlll!& r:~' tlhlMlEl' patomE!1ler~ :mouidilll
,:;I;)
me'
a wrn~l~e
CQfir1p!JI5i~ibn deri~~!FQmoo
01 diitersilJI pr"S!ln~ ~n (;1i1)grmii1:e-s How&\I&f; fue, rarnrDiBd" ~ tlTIley iTltr,f be ln rul!1;t de~nibing :!!I111i'tetWes olletJtVI5cNT!~ i~:<Ii liIlitfll:i'Ilila.
illlPOHm
ma
IpetJO~n81ic rlll:di~,nm\Pi:lWlwHn 1M, liiilJOOIDIiFI!' ooSli 3i1t1 lis 'qU~.'81 qDeGi~E::;. the llru.IJ!llrlrilB 1& derived f~om the ilfiGo ~.ecl.iCnri~UWmh Ir~t ~,Q""IlE!li!~ he melSJlO~me is tile'
Ir'9:;idoom .. HQ!i\lGWII", ill::O liIle loiS!> o~ moall Ih.a; !OOil!Jlm3d, '<In
niti(;t mer~.'i!'ne'
o~ ~BL'1i1r,)'::OliIle (OT r~a) 01 ~il!~~ iill!'MElrmlnilngl

migR1i!e 'brmedl,
e:(~1y
<Eldi ooijJd be MI!t eaoli! rQ(:It: i~ ."
'~~'o~
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I!~~~
carJ
b~ ~):(pec,ed,
TM ,oolid, r~i dreu~~~s. be
ean, in mast tl~ M h~ing g, ~I~ (il!!i" fn til'!.!}, burt tho liJlIoQ pt!<Iso is p:l~ont[~~y mobio\ <li~~ rOOJgli~ ill tlh~ g'fjer Ilit~r<tl:l[:ir() ::!!'Do! '~hll1 lB1im "ma!bii~;;<h' "Df by tlhe me!Hj;!!r.wi ~t$ Qi ,"" mUi!i~it,~, flh .. r~rQ're, .~~ o~ a tar~~ 1.1t(i {:o:t11i'-e'~ !1'KYlvlar the ~roo~r.o:nI'Clf ~:aliecl~ mell h~ rrnoio'ed 'hum WltSf9 lit iOITiflned '~O 'i'i'!ll!e~~ it iOI'~al!~ ,are U!~ iim, rnll.kil19l'~ mllJ'!l wmpl~~ fi~tJJ,b:il-~ d~!pt~!l o~ tlh~ Imdf1l!ldLB'l pr1l.duc!~ or mel!lng Inl ,21 mI9'l!1<Jlii!,e, ~ rl)~!h~ riiiJb~"'i1!! 'Ylid~r~.W!g!ng oQ~ !he ~.r~~~1Q r~~ ti~:m~ipsbetweelil tlil;-e rnell Pfoduc!s endllhe Wa..SlaifOllnd
f;r:oc:limll 3 t1IE!OOOI'M'
..x
.An r~~l!rre
lmovedl m,
hii',wrome: i~ d~woo hom Intelt ~:!ill,*F.as

the'IiIf,(l~E!,m~ bo6 dli[l!;lHdoo~ rna Il(W d"wp'
OC'!}
l!xird~!\$ "",iMl it$ M:st {,~.g" F:lg, Bil:7~: miYiY OmJtt'e~$I,

IhowO'il'.:JJ, 31"0'~lrom~K: ~ii~oJ l~od;
:r.':lIIm!:l
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<!ildl !'Omo ~tliP 'OOnl.<Jtt~, iliNDlJf'OO IGli" A;~ Q;l~rne !TI~l:{ h1l\tf.1 11l! c:;?mp;:;I~F(;'il 'I;:!;)Tr~ t1dr~ to ,&1 iiniitiri oxn.:d:oc!:ii:: mel:!, II CUlIlfjU!;:f6 Oit':JJ frr,:;ctioMled ~'docl b
Im~I~, ~~Jr;e lin'~y_~ $Iif!J!;M
1r)~iOIl
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it i!sd~iI1edl fl\ot'll a L~lg~that
ha.~ ~,an
r~m" ~n1lf!'!
1'",uCQ~:me i~ ,dE!4gE!d1 from ~:s own

~~Ii];ll
Ihti~.<ItS it ~!tITI3insfil1lI~:~:a:mr~ II~~~. I~Is l1os;ed by anoliher, (!'!l!~i;!f.g~~rN'\}
t!1~
W~rQlf!T!~
the' same K'lI!'ce I~:,

balW·fj$M
tlh!!l!lfL [nile fol!O'Wr~1 tlhf",:.g,mA t he book,
ter ms
<'fi;l' IPtQflQ~
<l1d adQP!~
ihuls;!.here lis II. petro~e!ie !na kluoo $);r!'H~ar.d1 [1", 11QS1 (:a-4J,.
{llr
eansirnior
Mg-n(Im:IJ!O'f, lliTlrner,j~rnbl~',
mel], ,rr~ har> m,(~r-e4 lias fe!'lJ'~bed 'l'l'f U:re::i!'t~wbo'l'l1 rhe
~t"pie ~!iI1p::!litb~,
The f~ hoSl m<'!Y, gr ~g,$r,
f1 hf,jler,
I" stiLI
~'eI,lCQwme: lt1e jJradl,;u of Qi'j."SfBI'/J'milalJ c/ <l!IJ am·
loo~ = Il~ are 1101 eJ:8:L roliJllplemetf,t:lh
l'eCl~ mg,y. rj( "''atl I{;am i~~ f~l,

mi!li\lftlr~.
ot Ma::Ja1ec:rlc
~r
~[(::n1P~. iililWlr,J;!;~fl1t~fr¢iTl
"". ~q,tly
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,~
degree of pa~ialllneItTtrJ. or Im~ h8l'e exp€:-j'rel1ced "'~ ro!o'.I~t',.dagraeol' melt r.o~

ILaIJJffiCf;tU!c wli¥.lOf
I"", SQUreI! IIIU\:QSOml@:
~r.I;!t~li;:JIlel!, pa,rl dallH~I".aII,e"tk m~, t;!l,ljl ~~ i'J1(gr.tr~ a a~.'y llf0.!fI !'lik:!:pJ;:lce wrere il 1otmeJ11. tol.i~ IS: ~m IlIWl,hin r:r~ ro.llf1mrJ.s:,(I/ jls: .!i:JUtrn Ilr,w_ Liflll!iC(lcraJllc vl!lin or dli~e,: ,the p'li':Jdqar & Q'~a!JZ,Mi\m clMl~f.\.1'I.e,"ric me~.!J( pM rri a~ .'Iln~f,eL1k; melf, ~M!I' nitS mlil~~t6d G!l! ,01ils ,SQtllteiil')'i!l' tJl)!j r.~1 b~rl' J~dl~rl lr.M
(j~'~r r~, w~ ~ ifliha Wfi}'on ;;rJ({lri4id: bj
u~P.r:»iJC1 r:;l (lJ'$ClI!,~ti;lIl
qt.
an
di~
t:.F~8y
IitMI, m3ip rni'llrla;
lirr~lille: of wh€tllie1 llil:ey ere ,dliscor.,d::t1!.or oonl':'HdEtl! 1irI~ hilS! tw'Ure i~ their 110<:;'1: (e..g\, Fig. aalli~, There, i!i no
d~l~
~ro9Ol1il~tic~ relbl;IQrd.J[p
b~w~n
the leI.JQ;la-?lir,::
vein or dt;e artJ li~slust rock,: .~ e ~
of cr'fS'i,~Ii'zaikm in
the 'forli1r'le:r ~Li'k:iI ba; ,roifiri!;te:n! witn too ~tM'lorphk t1J!l' ~rI~M ~~~.$, ow'Wet,. I!.euwctaliic veillS Qf d~l;;e~~nefa!y h
Ih1W9 OOmpGi~U:lrstM iocIUiI diifiMiionl ffom <I ~ra,;~foMI!d
too ~(1;;I1,o.."t>.;col,<'O(li.
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Of
f<!n.~f
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1~
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~iIIl'.;!
h<l'J'e
[itJitiilpD!i! iDOS' Q:I inili<lJ1 m~~'s:,.
ions 01 CUIrnTlI~1ls.. """iii~ tlh.tlir ooSl
~ raol~e (QW9fQflQ."IQr!t&~, li!le P::0:.1'(/d ,01 a,~fa!'iij.Mi'Oil

eM t.l i,t~ ~, ~,
t~~ll~ill!ll, ~ 411k~ e1(::.
a~ .:!iI!!.~
Gr:arnil.'91 ~
l."picjJl.'j" h;:wQ ~~.. p a:mta71s
oj .'Ill#si~ mei'lrt'.a,f rns i'!i('WM,ffi
and,.
~r.;e,
ine:y 'I!i>e~e lnj,ectoo

bord~
lnt,l)~o~
oo51,s,. f1!l"'l
~
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cf ~J'
1t:~.;lmCiPi!7i'c~g'e
:Jrd ~ ~ed mtll ~r or iill!lil oo.~m~amcwli'O~
Ih~ii~i;l"g;unE!!1i ne p!l:mllg!lI\@t~
:<tr.ine:.: (,dlili~'et;j m<f"!~~\.nLo!m,!
""Its.
EXtiJ of tim fOIJ~erG 00 fro,)~tred by ... o)llnffrniiion o~ morpllPtQ~ ...1d geQdletil"li~ ct~~,eri~!iCi'$"and bot tl",$ petr~ei ie re!atibrdIip bej:'O'l'eeinl me!'t-derWed P<llt t~e !!liil1 it,s h:H!L In .s'I\l.i I~oooon~e is Tillo:Jll'il,.:-ct wlith it:;:,owl'i r~du~rn, V/'t"fdl typr~~f¥ loriCO!> <l m~ ~m,a, iO.!'ound ~~(~, fQlr 6X~,.~ Et5 .1Rf ComllJ~!'l betwe-e!l tlhe ~E!Lloorom@ ald 1il1~!al:;1l:lmB a!!I '~n!lrally dififuS!! '(lfl "l rnilllimoteriQ wruttmoteJ~. The campociiie,n. ,of I;!rI in situ l!el,iroOOme OOtr~Il;(fil;!(j'1Wil1 111lI1tla] :!Jl'aI.edll1c rqu!dor. il '!(j'Ilrla' mel1 w;;a 19,5[: after 'Cty:slB~ [n;n, h<rl '5:1.~~ 00, ~!O
di~and lits oou~~:ry~'o~. lM~ ,diKem~ lie a p~wct Qlr a'1l5li~ a~ IIDiI1~or it ffi""i' 00 dcrUvod tr'olli'l1l llilo CIlydaliiilOl±io:m il)f ~ rol:;io,.
litliSi'rllledl~e', O~ even mafic rll~a!, lmonl~' ~
r!!ll;]1iiom!i1:p' betw~mI a gJilJlfte
Gi'.:IIlUicdikt)~ QO~.
Q'y!;t>jr~kin
~. wlT1F,1(1)citfl1in Q!;ln5i~'e!!1l""'~til
f~m~1Jll.a b,n.ali'd IlleiL ,Oil W 8l:1·cl'~~tl@d baIY:f$·ol leua:;lmm~ IITIjgtl1;Jj;it~ 0U!i .~ tl1pa, iphotDgr.nphe,
II~waJ!f[iI~ nil." ,olIiiJ ~
af!ll
\!@f'V a)mll!lO~
In 01
13m,
iF!! Ihe
booXsl'nw,
'~I!t1!T.~!1
Pll'Dulr d~rrrili!d ,illl(l m~ ftl I If]! :D~~~~
~~~ noo~~~
~~,*,~~
l!1!.Jr~~~r~c9r~,t i
i$J;l[i..!it~
~or seve.ra! o:Iifferent f.frrmas of lleuID::ome~o be, Ipre~t in ~ha'$O(neW~qQP O~~attle (M. G W"'¥~I Barr ~OO:t~. IMba 'oYlG[1!;IP"I' .re!\jMily I~~n, ~ !;KIl tlh~, it rr""llf1Q~ ~li! .
be !»~"Ie to b~'
's)LlrCElII~rs; taiOOG1rme,. :md
ne~C"a:tic- wi~ er dikea, bd;; to their to S7!aIiI1inEiifllEilr rel:1ll:io,rnsi1ip' ~Il in' ~~LI ';\I
Ki ot mli89. of
HOWeMaf',llie
l'eiJOO<rtElIii:: l;;3iLi'i5
~i:dl,dlk:e$ C<M'l be ~u!flO in ~lJ'ie ~,~
B43-B~h m th~ ,::tiow a ,i:!haranQl'ljgtD pellQ'~ oo~ntil'!l!i'rt'll'fClm m ~1rJ1e!ii~$Ome- tlhrcLRjl in·':;ol.Ice' I~·
s::lma '101 he ~cr3
iiI.r.llJciIU f .~J:CO.n! rei (ii..ii." by 31'Sill' !
<!LJbCroO ps [5ee Fiigs._
Magma:, s .it~fe gQm'd that '~I!'J'n'01'arysrs/;r, III'hkhl migh! hlll~ ayst~WNGI f,am rh& ~'il"i;lri {~ ~, ~ the 50iid p.rMlXr,S ollh.!! rn!l'lrf~' .fl1,;jdrbQ (al'ro ~ {lIemedJ't: P'rOi1t1Clis cj" lW'rne ,iI,u1fDs}, W' b.e' ,l'Ii!Jr.:eraJSiii exe.es.s:.
iC dTh~ 3id,\ ,eomll'1ollilly. w~h :iI!i!rolng)
Terms for the other parts

of a mignatite
1[l'lmorpliKJl~ Me55s[ui'iEi!lflss
:m ncs
[if
'tclldli) om the· iITli·
Cia rOM lor",)' Ihedikes.. ThQ bQst·koown
Q;lrn,..te_l( mlgrlliij!ii~,th~~ are'. in<:Witwly,

lwooa.~,ic ~l1re
ilIGf melalocn:l:lc ..
som~ IP:;rts thai we llIeil~r b!111ilsl.JS!.'fu!fH~ir",1lJ1)i' ~I!:J
rooolJ."llpart ,",fa migmOlit!'l CM I~' ls tlhOi IfiIl~(iaJ'!'i11l tnal ,octtJn. along t I'lf,l Ifn""gin IJf mlOilil 1"!.Ig;;J~me (e&, Rg:;, B5-B14~, F.;t Ie:,;:;n;!!enikm h~ bllle:J~pa'd 10 ~,hll Oi~ht:1, .and i(f' ililQr([l oern mon. il1I!),t'· phofoS'es ~hot t~"!e 111~.lano$Om'Ie OM a::Iop~ Ilfl !'I1UI~;!tit~: It
m:;ry
QQ;;i!J( ~
IClIrm th~tllo
b3eri tEat! ~ tl..tIBitiriptivs
hMm ror I~,
[s,Wilyllrl1i'li1dllnp:!I'l,
I his i$ becaiSE 01' rlilOOi1I~~en~!.I~
JiJ,I'oOlrmes
ti980. rne;:l,)~me
fQ,r A~Q~ti"!
rn tiia P<'S", FOr IHIe;nl<e$

w~r~ndedto (l~S),
[1
~GiI~I~I11, wh9li'~ p;;l.tp.~lm~
litre'was U.e,
p~ch~ 001)1,
.J!';
co ntlifl!J!;l'W I~~ bodr~~(tig.,
ood
S;:Im~
in ~l!lIle
f'~
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~~.
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W i11!~' ~ ~'. ;;:0.\1'4), m~1;1)11(1cr"h:l" all

fIOlJJj,
A. l<lt IIltlrB' '~ft;JrJj~ ~",bl~m b tlM~ rnea;:.CIT~~ fock!!l ean I[)O:Uf' In ei~her the lr:ieil~lIDe er tile p.aI'e!:I<oorne: hence, t ha p!larogan!1tic Qgn~icanCQ 01' m90Cl<!OmQ Is
ineellUy [I~ Ip:r~' Ih~
ror;;it;s formed
un ~ai~Jes,
In '9"allu1llle-I~e'l, terranes
tih<!t ai:!~'hed
IlQ 1!M;o~'me-
ar~ The
001 Ipar~WI<lfI'l
tllao,r ara' very
wkjeepr'l;!:;d 'lag., GhjlJrmoo.~
&r.;wyer 20{IGj,
lilOO5QmIe in m<II'fI\' r'I'Ii'pI<JJ:i~es. ~reg<jed into daiOf~ d;;lli"~ 1''9UOO~fl1e <'lid ll"~ar.os:llli1e" Ho~r, II the m~itt m r~iJj wlk:! Ir~"'Jl5'do Mt~~iile, I'~, ·oom8· .aild m81ailooo me ~ Ill.ot 'rom'li, Q,r are !'~ 1!tIlS al;ictIEml .. !1:i.r ~.h9!Et iiralii~egatatl 8~~eEl" tlile 'term "liIoornltlei', uEed alone rul"fiees.. l§:.a!lIi!pl~, 01' a nOOfDm~' ~Ilal has lIl.ot devel'op9d leum~me a:l1Id ~',n::troml!! palS thr-o,ug,h oegr~ioli! ~e ~W!l!oJ ~ 1615-8213.
nas
or mEtl:Ilo5l:lDne, wl1m 3"6" by d:afiIWiib n, !=Dis, 01' i:hB, i19fJS5ms_ fur' ~IrnliireEi$;iri'. I~. lliat Jiitisf;j,!bme i'tioiild noi be 'used!, Beca!9il rm~cr~lc rod<,S. can Oif.lllr in I he'
I'loooomo or paloooomo (or lbutll}, it is[~:~tl[) record
·wr..er'e i.tE IJD"trul& me:iJC!i"3;-C rod;;. 15, rom.led in Ihe' mign."Uile' ~e,g. in tihle ~OOI!()n:ll!l, OF in t hill ooooom9!1.
If'!ihe mi!l~. Md oo(dl~r~tiolils<dCl ,oo! separ~e'hCinElo:!O!I'i1!"
The reooglli~t:;Jn 01 nea,~m~

m~mmll parts ts.lJjllileralI1, Hta:;ckrvl;llo;pedf!'Q'fllIIl'!~GrEil~!;IT (e~. mel~ey.'I~el1. mdiic 1'Illd;~. ~t mi!t the prQ,tolilrn is, ~a troll:ld,hj'emit,~
md Ii::! l!etlIXJ5:lme aOO

a :Winplil malter in mgna-
it will riiOl d~p, le.iK09::lme, ;:;0;:1 meianooome-, aiikI ,o",erej~, ~h~ OOG50'1iI10 wHI bg, maoocratb. [FlowQWf', in ~I:r.caoos, ~ milia!!:' 9' rnfi"S:!9' and a !iIiJOr~1:,EI!fopic f.:ilfic wiill wJcally h~ r1epla::sd1 lihe mi ..rQ5!ru~ure ~I.crii:; 1;1ta- [.lre--d~ed MilI;~ t!tld wiu 00 in idenl~f'l\ing wlil.!IIi. lis Ine4loome;.
As jilfiDr'rl litO rli Is dbfilrl 011 IIlgnlilitcs,. II. il; biJ;rullllif"-! dGa;
mel~ooro:i:iC prQ'!o:I~~
me1~ites. mel3l'JioJIIes. ~d me,:,a. btl .u. r:f1i.lch fi"Il),re; ,dilr~~ ~tii!lrr il iG ~e'II;I\.~1iTiIe:
'~~lites,
~olmili~e:i,
ald Imi~~Silil1ImiteS); till", dilution 01 nlha m~ic IfinJ1ef<!!ls· by' !'~ ,<'Ii'id iQ'.i"'~~ mean$ Itllal aJb~ 'lU'fm~ d1~s in fiMdrll [pmp;lrtiolns Pf,od'UO!i!' onlig ~Jb.~IEl di<'i'l9'ls in, ook:ir,wlruchi f'l'it;' b!i dilr,bilt I.e, c:fe!~ iil'l 'Ilbe figl", FOr sJ!iCfr rock.s:. ,dlsUji;)i:iiiQg tlhe ne¢'!O'tfte Irol11 tho p~:O(loOOfTilO ill too· luall:l Ilfli\ll [bro. eo rot()m,~rmool by us r'9oh~ itt :mlcr~~i'iUcti!JiF,e, well as I~riic o'r t;II'a6I sze., n1her tllm ch~ lin milerd mode. or a:lb; &,;;mpl~ ·O'f I,hi&~roa:h wFil ibetCi"lIi"1i:1 iih Ihe all<lS(e.g.. ~ Bl,o andl Blf.li).
Twtl f~ITtl1$rterms
spec'iflK:
to, ~!Je ~eQE'tlme'
rem~'n
to
Ott' ,dtl~ illlloo ..
!h:'!! ~!Ti~ ~~~~, gi if] $J!,f,!' ~~ !Ii:-!'(N.![r~ I~~~~e...,(1 many I~i:\faoc: dkes, or veltl5.; in mfgnfjil'll'lene.nes alE! saPOfO'C,ad'fro:l\1 tlHelr ~ Fades b¥ 011ilarilO'i'\l' rllrn Unat is oonnJlo.riitiomlilij; mWi~3bgjcaJ!\I; ad IIiI1Dosli,~uctJUI~~ ~~I~an~ rl'Cltn Hi19 I!lClS! '[&!-e' I~, e.B54,}. TI~ OOr.liI·' P.9$i1:io~ ri-ITI~ Qjr~ n~. ti"il;l Ir~!.i~fTii li~! ~~r ~~ r.~rl;l!l el <maeeiiC: 1I1I'ie11.; UleI'e.fore, the term u:;e:J1 ler Ul.elll, Is !'iIf!fl:wd'ge. FIeld ObiOafva1lo,"~ I~Oiiii 6ii'iafii/ mig'rl<l!ite' lem¥telll ildi:d,,,, thdt 9:l~!) <Ie rno!5t wmlTTl!l'n&y d.'ewl·· @pi!d .around I!!UOOCI"<li'c veins, ald dfiss; Ihe if1j8C1Bd f1I1s1t I hU15 dbSi> 1001:5Eleml10' Iha,\s bee.n in chamicE!lBquflbl"UIfl 'wli:h its 11051.• O[)l~~tlll"; I'hre~ main mechanisms: IlIEt1t! bellI) i!ropomd ro,r th8>Io~m~lio.lll (If oo'Mtdga~: (1) IIo9ootiol'l b;at~een til!:! 00161: f"()(i, m ,an ~OIJ!i fI\iKJ ~.s::i I~FiId ,as the mell Uc1i p r'm:b::ed the leuoowme <Or leIlmClfm:t[c d'il're gr~:;dii~, (2) we~iI:;In Ibe~V!!'I!~ rn~~;;n~\;, ill t~, ~~Pl waJlmclt: .ar:d U~e l'ijed edMl!lledil: melt, ,_ (3), dlUu:!io nal ~)lOhMQ9 (ill ,00 rnpotlM1.S M1:w~n[ tha, anatectic nma£t 'I,or ~he crystalLiZEd ie0009lI'!l1;(!' O. [1~<lJ:rc: dJ.-.el' ale I!S Mst in, r.!J"POtaliQ to ,ootiWIy g-1DOnl&'
he I~O"al:l~, m~aJjiJ;, or mel~C!"~lb. a VSf'l" common t~iP"! mn:jsts, 01 aliliin (1iIt.1'Il' wide} biO'tite·rrn ,~or horri1em.oo.:ridh IIIfI ma1~dJ,t: rt!d<:s} meli:M10CtttlG tym alJeceiH ~Q I~CI';t;t~ ,(jil\o.e$,ailJro,nte ~ of ~·'9;)IJ~~ Ileucooome; tlhese' alII called m ;lflc $!Iil~d!gl!J$,.lM<!il¢~I~~ ",'E! <11$0, ,cornmon <t tlhe ~$i:fl o~ ,gr3!1~ dwe a'ldl 5i1~ rnt~1.lded into bVi'·g3:l'eco!.JIJl' j.c tlFy rrock~; malic; ~g~ ~e, IfIi'Jreroltti'. Ilol fDlfOO a,1l1y in ~1fIf!J~la!ites.
S;.I~S H~.
C;";!fl
TQW~ the Ihi~r·9':cd~ ~t~Qfffi<;!i~~ :~H~~, 'tlhoi!r>i!'!.'il a cn:m~ i"n l1flilJ!lildi~6IInn'pnol'ow, In~rolrne t€!OO llI'1el1 ~!le' Wllll!if!1'!I'r! l'I.ila1:ure, is $'~irrc<tll tlha!: ~l man)' oi' ~h:ese hig!lc ~ MIG MATITIES; TIHIE ESSES '!*·gr~'}je mign;;rtil'El'S; iO;M_l!;:O~!i1!iI~ ,i~~~moroe' O"bu!i!d:rt than ,AMID MORA90LOGIII~ Ir~aC!lujl 1iI1!;]! !':I ia', The L1!t~rt)iPlcaJ¥ o01lrs <lIS ~jj~en o:f 1111 ~~ h~r wi~iI1'~n!~~t' TtM! f1oe!!t ~l~p i~ to i~tred~ Ih>lilt~rt!ll!;:~ h,j d~ilJe t~,e' 1!T1',;I~ !\I1~f!er;;j!;; t!1~ ~~~, lr'1i'~s O'~ IpdjOOMmB all{[! Ili'IeI8liloro:rrne, Overal, pElieo9:lme' m~dl ~p~ai~ off :;l, In~~it(!l ~, a. ~~ Iat~' ~~lo'1Jjl a a !OFI;-;aJ Q!.IliC!OP, Me,hner t {1000a} il'ltrodu~ 13 mlpl~o,- lis not <OUI'td<f!t i I~ h~etr"g<de- m!grtl;;1!i[les,. <lld mOl:\i' ve!) be ~rrt, C~;P!3~istiClJI'I'; 1P'fFj.p",,~i:;j·m~Uin~ ~1[l!,l[;tl!.!lr'F;IS bgi!All iefm~ {~m;;tiitK:. ,dikJt';(l'~oic, ~olel1,~ro:I1Il3:lb, .ale'absenl. {e1:cepl: w.h.er-elliley are p:re:lffllvedl as ~lIell ~m1i!ilic,l.Q,[tl8d, pl:ygrna 11::, 1ol'IhiiM"oplnlhali];li!ic, :5Ilc1{~I~ ir:, ~I 9IT r;J!,!~; t!i!~ Wf;ir$ d~rQ~IQil!t:ing n80!J;II~ J'Q~It'!§c ~i;~i'em. 111~~I~iG; ~ H:.Q ~~!!Q~~rQrti1i~ IPwrpg~. ~iolll fI'td repl'oce::ll byS'f~~llIecrtc st~ootlJres, l~iMty a His s::he:rrnew~ oo~ explaned in terms 001 pe\J'oibgiuIJ Im~i() ar ~bm<griOiIb:rolial:bf1, or arrk)1.\i b~;ry In Pl'oce~.and '~i' ory,erall, n t;1<lS- ,"NWed I,W!sa!ida:lt()ry lor ~'e!"f!il501 r ~eobgy, tile ne'Jl50m~ iio tlb~~ l1IligNllil~e:, 'Was t,hr!1'e'man re~liiI!>., Fi~st"~lhi~echeme does no. pr'ovide- a m~lik&, 'W~ol ~~rtde[$liot!dWghow one mm(HI~I'lQIQW O! fltlglmt· or tl~~ ~~I"~~~ ~'Q ~g~I~~J". ~nd', it m'!;!';; ~! !N"9~ ~ m Insighl. i'IiliL'Othe pg'Iwtog'ca pr~~ ~h<1i oollltl'iblrtedl ~iO Tine U'a'l-3~ lon hom ~me, mo~pholk:i11lW t h:e 0Ihet' ils g;;;d. ly..1 ill wm~ mg",~~e ~~nr,<!Il~ 1j'h;e proS"e~ ~fuJ!Jl9ll in tine ',Ofni'ilaliorrl g~'irI1ig-rnal:Utes, Consequ.er:t Iy~ ati..,m.s has thetil;> mo~pholbgy lirom iI1e towef·gr,;;de~o tITle iligher"g'"oDetllriited out ~~ hwe mUe p~~EaI ~r:e imlfI1aJt;iml 8: m~ of iii IPtiftsof i'ri~il-a. !,arrr~:as is'~B.rn'I:tIIMy ror'o'i!t1!Jdiil ~ m~il'8,t'EIl"r~8'_ iIilIif!l:t tihB' ~8fIilJ1l:li were od89gntt;d~O' be· tiol'l ID ,o:r • lie 0001<. How~r" tl!f!e ~. I[tOm O~, liO ~~~"~ti~,, 1M i'1;! pf~il;ll;!l If1"!Q~~~ Hi1I~ I]m9nphl;lrog~~' the, 01 ~;er ls' obrl.l,Pt lin. rm:.uw tijlrr1UllIS\ .-ni 'co 11Il!i»),tlly teehigrJ~ mij'fi~~ecifli!:t, iileo,~li'Ie\l'Co.1UlreJ:dJsI~el)"ffi 1IIIr,e~l ~or.~~ ii, ~.,c~willil wmai~~ hi~ .:1!;~OI[:oI1.un{",_g.,. o~ pa"~~a1 maoltillg1 l8i;o.';\I'lnmd ('ib!ar i999~" &lIla! ,Wild Brown 20(1). The' ~~,up:i In~~r~ ,of tlflii Ifritsi,y (;(j,hliX:1:sai~5 ~n~ !Pmii' typOT~ OV13!'OiIIifrDfiPhi3I09'¥ c! ii;jSmEII!l~ Will bg rotioidet'(ld i nexl. Wi~1'l!M iltenhJll 01 ds~er!fIflinWln Whidlr~)Ors 00111- 0:1thrernoid behMot may be oorJr.a,I!illglllhe dlar~ver, lful<etf/1 thlfl ::amI! 00ail:{le' il lit:fI mor~ilcgf of lil'ligmil:it,es tlml th~r' awe<f'<lI1Ce «I he :x:alie of :a b'9;9 olU~cnDp,This <fJP;()&t.fI IMlS t,o a. i!I!Ildl Cl~rueti' IPIDt~r~ol how dmerQ~~ ~~ !ll1ol! -OLiter ,0000i;l i!lrn.er ~"t~'~d '~n~~t ~r~ QIEt:il a~e.dl by. pmti~ ~e!iiJ1g ,(IFllad 1:R:I \/ffrror. i91B:, Ilnl m-D'rplno,lbg1es f migrnl;di~-et,armandl .~9' r!9lal:ocI ~o o IPt!I:t~li <I"ICII HI::'if:~ti1]988, G~aiit andl R:e-Sl 199[), IHlo~1l ~ one <toQt~r, inl.'dJi!iO!'i ~~ pji~ltliii!9I~. woifk;;bre ~"Of ,00, f;)9.!l, 8<t~ll~ et 00. :2.Q~., 4l!fln~1i'1 ~t ~. ~OIOQ). !iIli!lroingl mlgm:;Jiles.
3~
show~l LIT! :f;EIc~~n C;ol this bcJok I!oth'!! kJwer'gEde, paI"':a 1}1 a;TJru'BCliDtSfil~~. p3JiiOOOmit bs domlnmt ill the, mg. If'ltj:ile {iJB~ the prafi'l;H,kln.l!1f Moroma ta' pilloomma is 1!Qvj)" arn;j o~, [\Telv«tiE'L1-l!l!elli~l51nuotlll'e5 ~r;h es liJed:dKlg, ,00IiIlposi~ iiln;ll ~1~ril:l!i1~oiii<iiiit;)tljdid lords, areowf.dqll" Ipreserved iC1i ill. Tine i'!SO~Frte P?f!: ~$.m..l~~ri~ by nOit" 1r>!J'WbOdie~ of !!ei.ico~me g,f _ib~s,orie'.ma~""IS, b:;ilr,de!'ed Iby mmel'ilJ'l0:Drn~'I!I" witi!l. it.~ ~esiduaJmitllM<lIog.y 8Il~ buLl( rnrn." 1P')cS!tt;:),n.iProlfna fheobg"OOI ,~L ~he~ t.eIi!a'!1iO'f of t~ nfgma:iI~ ,dliffers l'lttle ~rOn:llro~d ro,d\::;;ll'iill;r& mot IPar tial~ !ThJ I!ell, aij:!1oul1l Ute I!QoI<_$; ore w~.
=oc
il'hi~ t!.li'O-fo~d! rn;lfjphg.k;.~ dil!.!i;;kJ'n ,g.f ~i~~i~E'S r{j~~ iilyfans itlliCl Ihe o,ld9dl!':c'lillie of mel:<J1el<:is, alitd d-Cle:dsiI'JIe f;J;jeooome-dominiit~ t~ wene (~dedl ~ Ihffiling tformed] from !ow ,degrees of p~~~~ metti~,. Field ::=:udies'imm a greai mrl17l'~ec!iic terranes ,(8W-eaks ,and were ,.;aled metate:ll:li!es. w~eas Ute, neG~~eet "I, 1.G78, 18i;"(Ii1W'i 191'9. J:n'iie~1"i 19S~.w,~ m ~, 1985, wlmIin:fi:t!d Q~'o!oI(!r(l iA,tOf'prot,~ t,O lbo,tho r~~ of 1Il.(l:!fily $;;myel' .~ li3t!tne!O~~~, ViI ~~,~%J~', lBe... '~!~91,0 btJl~ OOllilp~toe11,:<[)jQ,nl,<'fid C2IIed d~8le:d'les {:e,g..~hn~l 1:958,. et ,<11, '1994.~~r1900,.OIir\!8r 8<1llffiB,fular.and c Ef\J'I'IIfi IEli'Qwlnl97.a,A~~th 1,~)_ 'ihe r~tI$ wlil,y ,oiilly ti1<¥e' 21)[)1, .bm'Iil:3:J,n 'BI. aJ_ 20:111.<1, 'iN m,ite &1 :ll. ,2illGl6)It-ava::iliii ::i,mil..tWIl' I~ .~)ipe'S 01 m~a.lhes ~w:selljllYC<lIred me'l,ate:~ile dllIaqge, in migtH'.Ii:iie Il'I'IQrpook)m' with ill(lro~ngl metal'oorand di~,e.:.:ite~ (Onlll n~ to lbe unde:rsliClod bej'aroa illa' pI\Ii~ fJa:l€i. ~:iII1I'\p1M' aM ~r:lllm~~i1fi~i9t'~aneS k .<'I/I:l ~:e!":1IiI~ ,;::;1111 ~ pro;per.~ do?!uned 'Jb do t!'i~ it li~ l"I~ueS!;'7Y
3 ..1. The
fi.rs.t~order IDOrphologi.cal ,divis.ionof nngrnatUesi -
M.3teri.31 com
d reitos 3Ulnfais
to ~~al1i1:1nehe, realbfrom ~ m:<.:Jmaiites ,~d Irom

t1t:id;;:,
reeenl pe1;r,ob~cd :Sill1die<s,'QI ,01
~r.om ~:heo arn.tectik:: melt, mo~:

Pl'opa'r~lion ol'
!:c:I1'lIli~ljy
>Siudles: 0111'18' pllysic;:;j Ilf'ope:rif:es
p .. 'tIElii~'IfiiOltlet'i
~I¥ ~
Ferry
iEilli:DOOIl11lEl
i;'O
in FI18talexDte
!lI.~~ 'iihe, l'lI1~mrl:ili!a\S I')'pi·, is

9pl1'lI1i!'.i, Jid
tl1i!111l :;:ro
1.'1:'., fW!!ib9:F
at aLlfr.s5,
3,.,2 TL"lUperature, degree of part:i.aJi

meltiDg; and fmetionof melt '
EsI,imal:es 'OIl I he ll"Ie1~~or~l1Ilr;:!em,perauFe dio1exi~o nn:glmt~:cs {Bfown '1979"
fe~ lin 1900" W o~r m <It 1985: Ftlc!val 1991; G'uernll'la! <¥1d SJN~-afr' 21Ji[lJ; SMIwr ~998~ ,!;bra a1dI BroWJii ~O:O1; OW,~ e1: al, 1,004;: 0 li~e ..~ Berri997'; J:Jhllmll and Ettl'W1I'I 2004!)are tfilmy tet~een 700 ad OO;()"C, lh~'lem[peraure!> ",",e o:milffflOf11y <i [ilt~ie higher Ha'i in lI'eI'<lrby mel~edel~, (QrMt eo::ll Fi"o.5I 19901; Olbala ilt Ii. 'n9~,. f~ t'~ Oli!{8r 81::j_ '~900\Ug, 'II, lin 9illllll8 = terr,~ howf;lW:r, there ~ 00 :~1fi:;1iIIl1 d'iffepenw iIlI ~I~e mel aI'Ilo'pltih: !~r,"ures reee rded 1m l:n.eia:li::,:dl;e <:IlId A Il~dl~r~~gy ~W~iii' tile: ~~ ,gl p;;Jtl~1 li\i)tt irg dialax:il'EI lifll~al.iI.ea, In BJilllEl cases, ~Iim I r,an~lljliil 'frDm ~f,f ,MC the flECtion of melt WJ e;.:JsI:s lo~ 'OOli'T1le Il1cl.e;f:,e:x· met,aiexi!,e' 10 djEl,ex.~e' rn'iilm<tiile m!ll be due to in'li! inllln( it9 a},'j d!"exlle ml:lm~f~e:&. Wtillfia M,.: .F'il'loic;(es a t1~t of Ii!,dm,ul:fluids" wlhidi p'OlllQ'ted lill,mil m@ltirig.wh!l'JQ Ilh@ Jo~ Qf I'UII;II!, I$rl \Vhel"l;l .M I;" F i!i1d!~~ e! 1itI;I! giiil1 of nlfitl. di<IlslCite 1'U19na!it~, a1~eI1U:t 'i;lr.medlle,g" While' e'!. <JJ~11dicaellh!l men ::ro05,. TItle' l,eIT>l"e.riii!JFeSre<dled in cl!li,e-xite mUn<i,ites [}iOCli~es dl!riril3$Il;'~j,"ii~, Wall redi'sHbnedl will1il1 ."i~ i!~$, (s.w~ .~ 19aa, ale ch!l'iIii'ly~ bwer t~ req.tred fo' cof'i1F.l~ata fi.I:Xin ~bey,~ a], 1900),.18e1::aJ~ ihe d'egl'ee: ell paI'tia.i lnefiing (e,Q" 1'15'D-1250<O. Vj.efrzwr mel HollOway '~98e", AI i!:)J'ITl' it'll £1~lif"'" tt'!l~fif lass ~1:I<f!116{) \101,%" <li re:li'.i/:rtJutioll plete fUl!i'OIil, ~oo OOIilllJi'llMiJon of tim ~;;ttoctic IIiflO~ rmtm, el melt ia !he most Ibly m~~.ni!:m by whidh!~hO! d.!!.lElI<-' Jls~il.y, bc' I~~ ~Ei <i.$ ~ o. ~:$r prrortoil~., Tlhr;:: iXj,j'!1' ~:esn:h<ll: <J'Elcl;),oo' 10 '1Iii0 wl%lIlIleiL m IfIl]<slly lalooS'Jme, pl)!i!q'~IiJ'oi '~fT"r.! ~.~;':iti;l !i!l~iterHtCle!O i~eet;! wi~e may ~'1M!'fu:irma::i {\IIJE!bE'F' E!!: Bl_ 1000; ~yer 1998,1'900; wWIl U\i!l. ,[i'j IJIiB pF~dt'DiILh, 01 'tlhC:ll~ itTl'\!'iltlflil:r-"~·IIIl.e 0 Brown ,m AJShmer 199'7}" <lfbi,ec:tEe lIrtIeIi dk:illl'Otsepara1,efrOnn ils: r~um ,(~yef ~ earlMlS 1988; (h\iycr 199"i,t9B6; Mrord (1;1 2l)!i:n; d fbia;' a;'td Br""'OWIi 200n, ~A ~I i:Iooa.!re of oomptellaru~(iii,
at a. ~01a. s::.1~ and Br'Owll 2lJ01" ~Lli3'l'lliin!l! ,trXll S'a.\I'~er 20iJ\l~ ,and mat ir.td'dellhot mel a:e~i!e mi~il$$ «11\1:311100a klwer fi"~ ioll ,ai meft lim! ,diae.:-:ile lifli!iJl1:.rtil~ C~I iolil IitilIrf, be exercil!tld. ill> ilb!! leuco:;om!! collifimD'nly roes liIOt haVe nJ"1I9ompo~io!i c.f ,irlli!itiia ar1<fectlt; jifl;:jt o 128 belbw" '!it.lCticfnl OljJtcro.p:!i,OIIf'i1~allfxi,t9 mlgn.miitiri' 0.21. wil h ~ea,er tina;; .00' wil, % 1e-!.!Cl$J nne Iil~~ been C!esoriEled, ;Jlldi 3"0 ,~trb._rtcdl=iC' vafIli~g by <7&1Nic: 1'111011' (Nt isi:In 31d H2f!~ lf1a6, ~li'f'IS$ m[fl I"i:::wry'1~,. i(]oor,fi'llna ~ &:MI~r 200iJ;~ cr hl' I:ltti ~Iy ,ctysl:oj!lutHo,nof f'ela~ Inl pl\;w;;; 'wr.erf! IWlg;! '\![)IU:lnle~oH'mll1~' I~ 1.llll'olid'tl the Ci!U& ~8:own .OOIj4} ,
1i900. IBffibe~ ei ,t'iI. ~S3'6, KclnJlJ
et
01., 1Ei9\i'• .bhlil!Oli
e..r~
n~
3.3 The
Imnhd.meltlng process
!h~ tGl1lfJo:;::r,;;d!LI""" 1.(1'ria:i Re!roll!ia~1 oml ~d!~ mode-Jng ime<.:tti!S that .o!ti-' W hlOl"!illtJa Ili1Pf!It 'of h,a<i; lhas ~flicientty thiii meillin\l ~E!fts, smiJIll iSQlat~1 j:.'O~,s ffld t6l(iifl liflig1l!mil'&:lc:nfo:rrn with a5 lil:tla ml'G%. p~li;;Il ~etween the, 1'~~DllIt 1'!i1!JJ:~ blil!l~;i!: P.'!QI'e ~III'!:IT!OI~Iy. ~-BO% ~1,lgJl m~!' ~ub~, 0 ,~I iorrn a: the; i,1!l1tCl:looo !)\1~ (M9'I~I'1;eU ~. lSn). ~, <'dtll!fOrl IIIlJ Fe heat ing o~rtlOodl {S3Nyer '1008. M&~d ~. ;4, 20(ll1,.bhn~1i1 e1; cat~ ~iurU:1.'6f llIiIaflif{ll, J.ld wlheff;l ~h;j,hilm Wl~ pgdrat=> of 8L2()I01i!J~, Sm1lar' ~udf.es 0.1', fatrooome...;me!~S')rIl:e' IPiUs m~l! ~ gO\'rI1'I wfflc1rmtly 10 Ilr~ <n:I fQlrm ,;:n !n~e~D:in"' st-I!Z)WUl<all!l~ d'~~ Qf l)aTllio;i mea il'illl {,F) ilnl uT1~t~e~iite I'!~'ed 1!1e't' ... ·C!rk, tihe, r.o-d!i:bEw!f!"oe:s I~im:t!~~~e, ~W'a'i atd migmalYte5 ~ '!YfIeHII;y lese than :2Q~O%, (S:wyerIOOl; W(lJI 'i'OO'9}, M\:iIi. Ci!t1I then mov;e l!Jut. of (is" segreg!!liol'l of '1991:: IBarbsy ,It al, 1000, t&'96') , H irjl Br d¥e€S of part,ia! I h~ malt can lbagil'l). ~to er ttlrou~, IIit9 ':;o11d~ram(l"N{)rk, me-:tlllili:l I(GO:-7a~~1 w!l!ndl in oce!"tcil! ~~~ in eeme mel,~ texil,!! m~llm:ril:e:!: ha\.;e b~1'I all.ribu!€!d 10 100 1fJ.~ Inlfux. ,of lfuls 8T1pgf!!1Il1,t :stop WIOS ealed !h~ !?e[\m(lii1ii~y tlhr,d1· 0[<:11 by IMaaI'ce(i962).;niJ !ale I~ Iperro[ai!Jn '!ll1r'~fIOld <QI,Ie:iI!.JS Uulds, OJ!i(! ~tf1,iet· meltingl (Weba' ec.tl965). jUM') by V9lef~ ~aL (1996)- LE!SStlil~an.~ \"11.% nnslt ~troklgb.d ,(Browf]I 1979\ .blhr;t;I;Jlll e! <lI- 2I!lOllb)~d 9"Q. is need!ed t,o eljrure tna rufflCfeni: 'gr'ail1MOOUJlMri'es ,oon· ,dlem~ (&vyef1998. MiI(nd et a1.~a'l, SJ,I!1;n11 Ell'tlWI1 lain m~'t., "9) 1~ felsic: sys:I:a;ns~me oorll1ea:.~ ~e,g" .ooa,~) SIi udle!; alY.iw !hal lheil'e is a. a:lIilg",d~erMJe. \!ar£aUon [lelrARg:Jo md lulls ;,008, l~rl'C1 'e~do '100'7.wpul~ in the Ira::iiil;lni of melt (MJ inl'euedl to Ih<we been pres<JlI~ Wa1:9:m les~)o; 1Ri:i:Erberg .<I'id HI_ (2!J'1lS} atgoot within di3i![lxito lIifl~it(lS. Si:HlI1i1l jl;rj\'ts OOli1ltoliliOO a gestEid U\al .Dtt;osl.aJl ,D'Ii ~~,8 gaJn ooLlrw::la'las wl1l Itxir:ll. high rndij(Hii ~LJfIlo '~(nr;nllPlL%) o. ~Itdic IIildl~ lo~~iI'lililt me!.it wflEire tile Ir~tbnr {!if mellt 1el'.ctl-e5 (tOO: F:br the ~ del"iitred Tnmn it by rw,1C'lKm~ 1t:1'),:;lialli:aiolil}, wl'l~rea;; O~lMf rlBg<fi!Jt1I of mel!! 10 alIluaity rn;;oor, till8~@ has to bQ ooGlh,;:I p .. ts,l~y lihoSQ thal ,<Ie riclill9l lin roSdu<ll min9rais, diWilHI force ..ro! 01di~,~t ~e' (~nk) ~ which lhie, meR Wl IX! nt,ain9t1 'lel'lliitle IT'.e1l<: 5,KlL~ ( o!.nar pa-lliO .oi..- coliee'l (,S1t.v,{ef 1994).. ~I
talm
n-e'
~r
oc~
t9xil,fj m9'nlitiitlls
.~Q
rH
ill the, min9t'ds tM
,aysi,aliiNd
Material com d reitos auHl ais
The
meOlJlS, i h:j; 9' a.rii;<i~!lal ive a: dri\llr1O,;ll~,u.e· 'SE!J;i!',epi:ln 01 me In indh'iiEi'GOtltiiltartlOil Cll'uGt (WiId<i'h'il!r119.!l,'lI1)tih<iJi Il'ley are ilil sew'eg<d:li'lI:IllbaSfttlC mell! Imll1'1l'tM liiaI'Iue '(M'~~~ 19611).. M'-a:SIporthal I:r~ing in the o:mti'lem<ll a~lsi: VI,as ~dl[¢(i'iQ!,.i5 M!I'! teo!O!l~ dl;{ormalion; IheJefore. ~ regaiion ,:D:I 111iig'~klllil 0' lhe me hllctbn in mlW4!liles Wen~ prdbab.1y .orM!:fll tJy dif.fer,efilti~ :stlf~ (McLcBuri 1966: Bartley ·el.,;t. ~&90; IBro''!\I1I '19~: S;r.v!{eFlOO1,t!:t94; 9",e:afer foraes arel;1[ IleIDelled &'own et ~. 1995; AlIlter 1997~Brown ~IIFUSllIMI'199'7.:
vi=a~~' f-e'l!icmdts (I·f
. under
'c
(so-called "'dynamic meUing")

CrrU$!a] rodl(!!
-eneral (:'i:lJe: n~l:th1g !'ential stress
~'i;i g,i~ll['li!l;Jlc;:: tli!et'~lbre" ~ri~ ~edo~k; procesres:. !hey defflr'm Ilet,erogel'loollJsy: aocI diI!l:mLt !if!» !IJreSrorm il1 the mere wmpe.1le1ii! Ilayer;5.FiJrtllermore,
Ibl;;(j dii' erenees lin diHfn,entioii l.rMlS ereae pHlroJlfe

't;Ifi!lt@,
gra::li,·
\i'aooer~e 1900,; Marc:t1i::!onoocl 8~owi'i OO()I). F'a'lia.i md:ki-J UM6I' cordILi:lmm IlilOOslai.o ~r,DS!l in whiCh gamy is tln(l only drilling tD'I~' for Im~l! '~sgaI[Ofl iG pral:ritilY' YBi'Y rare'lin I he Clirli:flilemo;l~·us1:. N'~,rthe._ ii Ir'epre.'lO'rots111 eoo "I'fl!e{llb;;r.r ca::oIIilD 00 ootDreroolirll:.
{R;:biIl19r9) ..'O'~ ~['iQ!~I1!me-.~I!!~ ~ lO~od~ Ih;;i! per!p;;:;bil~'I" i:;; a;:hi~ inl the m~rix, ~ ai;litioml men genera1,tId Ir'l1O"'~ drlrWrl! !he pif!!:OO!J~e: tJ"WieAll.S, and rof:ed$ i!1l nearby tiiN1)le~:'e SlE'Si. IFiJrtli1a" 'delta rliil1.. 1o n Iprod'ooes more dil<tLOIl fIld mce~90 the pr,eoo.Il'fI grooi~
,~~, ;;If!{! l~hi3f' '~Ih~, dlrli~' FllQlr~ I1!"ID\lJ?ffiSni; 0-1 rl1~I!,
:3,,4 A
~pceialease: mel.l.log under ~lfbostaticstress conditions (so~e~'lled '''static melting')

A:t mJ' ilfle~ Irac:t[OililS, near I.E onset ,Dr parli<!l it'..eIIliill mtd IIJnd!Gr oooo~ioli'$ C)f puroly' [too strJ io st~'(l$, g;<Mily
,dri'O'etlhe ~I.!s, garni!lic fi'iel~OI.Jt ~f tlte, and fr~8W41~lk '01 oollkls fn whidl i~ri!:lrm~ ·0''J)3,1 pgroo 01' 'i'!lQI·ptfGll9rV9d mmema'Y :;t1~lJdlll Q',; (W.:i~rs tits' a t~icd ~~l~ ~l. ~ :30~O My (ei!ij", RlbO!!lt;l ~'t W h<JI~,1,~4 Gu~rnlna ~ ~fho.i:fer2,000). 3\ 2j)O~). Co nserpemtlv" thp. anmocti:: melt ,and re5Kbial The movelfiei'lil or mea. in l!'!i~lI'Iai.it,e$ ,em be ,di~hJed s:ir:d~, r~mlll:n tagethr, thl!> liI!!JOaJIIII"U5: is::Il,ropk a1d is lil1l'D, throo g~, {I'I.,,(J., Nfo rdi 11005,. lig .s;; RuttCH" ~gg,?; '\II'iiliioi.1I ~,~me or mel~~me. ihediSiribi.itiofil of V~!!ri1~gM 2i)[)1~,.I!'iF:;!!, it i'llO!I mo'liS a :short dist31cs, !i!OO'9:lIlnO in too' mipritil~ d'opoooo!> QI1I ~W' mI!!Ch molt i~ IUP'to ~r,aJ tens g,f ~lmell!H!!' b<i poro!l!~ now. TIil~ lliIell oetiiJ~i'![dI. ~ wh~ll1I~ ~!ing oCdJi'fOO ~ ~fle :f;il'~ 11n:l~ f!f\Qm wh(ir~ II f,o!im!td en gafllJo,u lilClerili$, I,tlrough of \\1<5 petv~, M ~ra' g'I1l;1!9-g II:)OOurs, ihefr~k1n ne1.WC!~!k (C!i'i!Slsiil~1 o'f lI!liCr!Jsa::pic, 01 ~ell e;rerril.llllll{ becomes 9l1fliclenll~ large thai: the 0011" an int,eroorleCted lrt1cll-firDd tl!j~ klca:oo fllj)~ gr'm g~ ru'ld mcJJt·lillad ta=:ts ~Iweefl 11111 ::;ulldgrairG dl~; t~, this moriks tM_. gr"!iI OO!.i'idlailie.s "oct ii'iH,l C:;ll1al ,-sc:te' ,Imml to perh<f)!> Cfifi} O~ o,f a m~!!l~h(v<try 'W~l rhee IoB'l; For' :;Ii m;;J.!dx 11ctw'p!fi1~f'fI' niOiwby. T~' mO!lJ boa gil~Mt kll~kin 111111:!llly oon~!iiirt~lol l!Jr.\form, r ~ !'Pher'et:,. 'thIs ooours at and Ibeddirl9 plaii~ ~ti~ ~cm,. ltlltcrool!1dinl pa!lition!i, or dloLd :a;; wt%. rr.d~ (M~r~r oo:;jl Wihil;llni '1,93'\)', An·j U~e'S.. nl~ pGm~s iliQw ~~ rr~ve.s. D!'ielt 'aH<1/ iSm),. 1IJ'~mr pe;rfeclff I~.tlj)st!lllliu a:mdiitlomrs, 11 •.t11eIt!:p,, ductll~ 11rod ~r.,orni1:surl1lm1ediiie pJiirlj Gf mlgn,~d oorTlt!:)!![;Ifrllit,es it in [i'Jif'l:iii.i1i$ tlhe~QliJme m~t rea;fl~ ,a/iIIJ 'Ihena~;;e~ this 'Or V<IIiiQlJSsm.aJ·~e :$lcesf,jim within the oonf 11i[!$ ej' tlil;l'i org· v.we,.,\I,hiGh 'Wffi lrefenred to ee liIl", meti'~lifle tlhr'~I;I,kl Ina ;;(l~rw. (MEr) Iby \iIi~m8r~, &I at {l9:95)i;11d the 00 Ed·lo ·~u~ tlr$l~lion l&.:T)by ~~nberg:md Handly f20Cl5),;tlla II1Ii~t The eecend eiegel mark5 U1e1 onset 100i a. re;airne' 'oflb.\! m!:I resiliJai IDll::Is, rem!:!11 iinl,er~er~. Hol~ (t999) lin dea;ly dHflm!d dma1Ul81s.kif tlhH initial pll<.'Sl! 01 ch<ll'l, fG:lY.! Fled I hal in ~:I'la <bser~ 01 dENialoJ'ic SiJe-sses, lilt'!!' Imeltt nQIed flow", fQ mQiii mQVQ!;l tQn~ ,Qf 1D.<I!11~fT1!!1ilQ<r$ H1TQygh a:d~,Ii';! fra:l1 lens dXi 001 !Oepen;d:e from ed'l other '. a l'Ile~,s:xlpic nett/to,m. 01' ~nked' rnallilleis. 'Titus. thtli l'!l,el! tlhll ~aJlaw oon.! !Ie1:·ammle 01'lltls! ~Im ~eoLJ.s OJI.:': II'I~, mo<\led '1:W'liher' r3;IFIiJ IF,OIi'liI i!:~ po,im! of ~.gr~i;)1!Ii and ElllE!iiI tlhD~ U'iIi' Im!iltlltmtlOn focal..y rea::hed 'il9€k l'lillm¥; Ih89, 8X1J!m,ula.iedl in lar'ger rttm-rn EtBe'). mor,e mmle bwii, mew.ooarrer, i9:)tmp~ I:ttl'io develops, in 'ihe ~~,me preERIre' sU as, Ibu~ '9i ill withi!]1 ~!,!,WIllr'Qlk, '1fihe siles, in '0\1 hh::ll once' I.[i]e, ITIl!!lt flrElttlo11l c[y,st.alllms; mIgmai:r~e-!I that ~.~ 1lJI~lj ~1iIlY!'~~ <!l''4;!I '~mfll'!:;Xnly d1<!l;~f,g;ii~~n ·gf di5piOll1tlle5e dlE!1r~ieri5lioso.o::ur in ~me deepet' rortootIbBi.XIdf1g1~Mes and fnterooooill p:YUUOIlS, lhe cl'iaJl11eled). amloI0s" but '!tf!IiY r~',!3l)l'iJil r~ nal mlltMt~rlr;:tiic lemnw IIGW MI'Iwo~k jjs matl;a up 01 ,err.,.~ 1~'kat:I~8m~ (:~iji bel~, ~ At, 817, ~d Biun. IHlIJII!I'eWr, if 19r~tyo o:m!iistill;) Of '\oaioliS di<tatl! ~I'lJC!lUr,e-s. !!'\i& ei!:a:";. tme' induca;:l ~p.'iI'atkm of dense minerib or O:lmlectDJiI o:m!!;j 'Md oriionrtaliitHllof whi:b do;pooo on beal drCIJm~<rm:S;, oc:our (<1. mOl.liBii o~ w m~ COriltt3'IiItIo'nI; ,see S:ailIei. et <II. ~d]as ~hg d~rib\i'trQ!lI' ;;II' ~ ~yp¢$ ;J!1c;1i '!nQ' ~}>k! IQf '1(00). i~n Wme ~O'.!ioo,·alId ,orieni,ilti'on 0'1' minei'<1is
is ir.~flicie'rn 10
'!oN h~rEI'lTI!!;i cruct tJ)EJ~ s!.im!d!;lFcli~krr"'n~ia ::;:!r,!):\'ii, lia:lrc n t tho 'Of men .aI Ihe site (}'rmitlti'l'tJ1 mill':! nom l1!:mrMI~ exceed Us r9ll!l1~edfor perl~it1f to be,Imairnanecl; be:alli;a, ,Wly e1i~t,;effi walll~ mo~e' <J!i~ to neil'l!;oy Ib~~-pre:;age al'~ (~yr;t' 1994). III many ~~tl<ilf d~ped ro1gmOllile' I'e!'f<!lles, the ii:OntinUQIJ~ :;eg~ i:ln Q,f melt 1!iQ!ill ii~ Jeid~ lUum'tlpe'JS be a rel3itl!'f!l'i' rKmde~lrlJcJI)il;'e prOOO'ro.fur ,rn:amp19, SDiii[!; 9'·,i.'ll'IulltEi·f<riaa rn19m.ritro 1100:.now GO.n.:ii5li largely 0'1 5irolliit.f meln-de:p)~-!ed roQ.;,s still wm,lill
.'0
m~s
m~i"OoCJr.
clefo rmi'li ion" Th-a me1t Iremaffl~ bap,po;d
in'~ hese d~<d:<l'!l't
focrm. Two
na:d:
ilmpolrtant
topes
ih~
Ef\e! ~l1Itr<!l
to
tile for~
~I'BS II ~Iis brml to llnO'oI& ~rt uru U',p:ml ay:la[i;'l<'frot:ii, thls part ,M trna ~tIe! M~w'Qfk will DE!C:O,Ifr\II!'illl, f!t1jfll ,01
j(J-!Ol!~ee !euoo9Jme.
mat~nJ o! d!a,&xite m[m;l[li~,
In..ead~o
be OJ~oo'i!red SlrlJictures ~I {2) I.ne,~-
1(1) M1B 1~8pl~ment
of pra"ilJil<ie.o'lia
m~ile$,by QI'.niolll'ol
3,l1l,-1I'!;!t~ti(; !I.'OW-$ii rwultes,
'Ine Iffill P'1ii~ of t!iie dHllilel.~;Mbw r~mEl is CilI~ed tho l.r<ll!>iD:f ~ '9lc It OcrrJr~. ,CoOC<i1 lho mfi:l t~~l<I Drumu· <
la-ge·domail:lJ> tllic400:n~ aimllhigj-;1~.ra:ilioRS olllllGlt
in,!frligm~ilIEi!¢.. m~MFiIllffid
r<lied !i\! 1.~e:~fid-~,«1I<!

Ol;>t '0"1
m>e~rl!c'
TIM flow
iits
OOUIC8
emiral'y,
1!l$1Ii!'C''*_ mi(J·ar.~ ol malt is 111~'OlIg!iI ~
Hoody {2(1OcS} fi:~ fe-e~i>mli1OOd~,<i.!rQm

,(9(l~
dIi!'lonm1t~m IIElPfifiOOIarns amclucli6!d <on IP~1idll.!t' mf!!lled ~U$l:.a! IFodi;s. TIt$y blind thal t!ileo ~r OW; ~l'Gl'DG1Q ~dl 1"'I~tI~ c;j!cd'llr~ ~e~ .,
~lfBIil@!;1l
t1!!FtiiOlfY iilehYOf!k of ·0l!1~ r.rnp;'c ,cliinlo!s
eommolll~ dl~rdMt,
m~ro·
tMli to IlLdldfGds or IfIi!Gw·s..1i'hl:> ~&n~ o~ttn~~~" F!'owr~iii!le: prQL'!i\!~ ietiJCO¢fi!;l;l'¢ !!i~~Qr di~~ ~d if, l ~e ¥
tr\'IJi'l::ier di::t~[I ar8,~~i'cien~iI~ iat9ll" l1'W1il i[] dj~ !m rnlg;1~liti!!!$ ~II)W~, ,glf!l~e
(fr,,~tU!FQs, \loi"n!>",m diWs) ever di~<IlCO~ '01
litroog!ilhi eeeurs whll:r .. tim fF'ffiliOLIil of miit
noa:;h.w 3Jout
drop II)
th~ "m~oor!~"",i~i~'i' !lr.~I!o!'1f' {M(1)3!1L'!! ~W$iiet;:! ~hili il OCCl:lrs lit th8lpDjn~ ~.wtich~irt~Jy .~ 01 tli1e t1<ir1
T~
1)jI~-Qf
m~lk e-i!l\Iet
~M ~d!e-s,!C!1 r~~.!;Q'!ff!i!!! ~i'I time Q!liliiii.cel!;; t!ilrg1.llii Wn:~!fJ melt

m.eliec~k melt oolleded.
f.il.'es 1~1 wh-dl!
~M!ples olllaw·
bgl!.!~ar!~5: ill I~he; PorliOil!~r 1!!,!O~eI~ rock ~m~ ~1~1!" bearing,. inte' deiofllT1;;tli:;)11'I mf1Ch~isms that ~p!lf;ie ctilhe· h.,. SI~aJliN<1C'5If'1 ll(Ii~limcn~all ,s:tdi~, ImclLd!!: in~~r" ~d
in~l'!!tgr~!<lt ~r~_~" ri9Q IF9~·;;trgl1!~1
p~1i! ~!1i1;a1:r11e$ 0I.!"19' gVen I)'j 6r"''o\In 'e:l <ii, (1$9),. fa;\I)Jw (0000, :OO£I'~~, a!l;m~r!i!~ !;flQI .~ {~}, M",'chiI'QQn
andl B!rcfwml (2iiOti)., arid
Br"OWTI
{2.oM}.
Alt hoiJ[JiIs:l!ifle lIIl~h:·I~I~1 $i1t'~!O <U'i'd cIiI~n.el~ ~ be IQ~ 1Nocl1, Q!h~$ W".!'!! h~EiGJ(~t, S!i;T'J<io;jr,j <J.'itd 'i<1bot {OOO~ilI, 0)
~1'l'il1p0~~oi I'I'IIelt ~RJsenberg m FI.s.ndy:1!OC!-5)".At ~M stWile-r '~r.ain~r.. es; of ~:;l;'lI~aI d~efortm;;ljjIQ (l:tber ~ I), J1i~ ~h .~ 'gr..JJi),bGl.If!d .. ~ clldi-lgl ~!ir,IiflO~<rl by 11i~1lJ"J>;:i in1Ja::r~2IIWlle Ipfa:;l!b1:)",and n, UI@ dlsmli!llr... of en
gf~n-gr;J1n
!1"'~~
~(:! ~!~i~
~n~.~l$.ht? th~ ~~
~e.g, Hlitth
"'I1Id !<Qlli~e::!t
LJ~a
lIUI1I&i'l!::a m:ldallof
an
~n:ropk
P.'H'i~oJltll'l to
~
uPOi"!
tht'll: Im.el~-·richl~vein8:' '~!JDw
Of8lr'Dpifly, depa1d:ng
thelrmrenl.~rofl
prj~;;;:ip<il~r'~~'Yer W(l!,!l!dcall~Wld
rel'1Iji'ole W ~:h.e 1lIl~(limum Il;ii~ar
andl mfliillm:t.im m~t 'Oh<l1~$ rn!e!)j 5l![)l'lled 01 lmIeM:
~995" ~k. andl Mealls 1996,. 1997; Fb:1e~be.rs:l,and H;?J;dy 200(J.1 ft'i:;;'1 'QOO·f:;;jj:e- A!t~~l1 th~ flow r~e$ ~hl~ b1i' ~etar !5'Ir~ a low ~ri.'C'bn~ oj' mel( (ca, I'.M)in m~ b\l.
bwer tlhanl those lln:aifl<tll'e ~n a m1!;lma Cfysl:ifIlsiiil a nnaft), time rrta:n::=piceffE!d (~llf:iOIii of
@OG!ll...-guGdi IlhOi l th~ ~pptyof
be/me C'ys:I:~(IZ<d:m bllgij'L Sm.~'ily.I.I'I€'
dlredll(m
II00w fIrlI'¥ c~. 81i1lrJ<ilil anD 1Fillbot ~.2i)(l!U, b)kfUOO thaJ:if ,Eliveinstri'o/ is r,eofiet"!1eci" '(;or 'utre 'o~i-en~,eli;)ifiIof Ime :lIir~fii<i!d ~ tlhll di'II'cUon Qf mli.t Hbw ~lrgwrS9, dl~ of me!Hlbw d:E'~ioi1 h~.d'~ beelilde'¥lQnslr.~o!;!d fifOli!1lleld ~~!dje-s (~yer e!·,~,.l900),
IFbbLI1 (1917Q) ool~od tho mi!T;tti(m ,~~ mol! dlJring btor$iles;;!'e'i/oSQP
is:" ~t"lIt~'Ia:!E, ~tiira:-. The pl'e-par~.ial'-m'!eniilg 9tn.mtU!F'es iii' tlile rm. <I'e' Pl'og'~I.y dB9~O'jOO as,.~ nGW flbw··Im.duc:oclSlNJ::ture· ~kl,O$, wl~1ltho!;! Ila~l.d;t~lh<t :!'I$O~me orli!l~eQli$i;!. O~· I;!)a ~exite m~~~e" '~'yer (1900, 1900) has ;il;~W Ihat inl ~Img in~t~.ti, tI.dlcle::.:it!t ii"l1g'n.jJlit.eilh~ t~tsd ~fOii"l kJw degees o! pa"~ial melting ~ OJli1taJned IlDwlr~tilflS el IMI~ ,~Mj .,;Q~ may nQ'MI,fofll'nedl Ir'Itlilll~w~:
,d~~ .~.liiflQd~1 falt 11Ii~ migr.;jCion 'tlU~ifl!J l~er-p::u\3lJell OOnipl'e5®rt In his madell, PE!l'Df:lndl(li.l!~ to thiil i!li>:t!'m~on di~edlk::lrI inlhti Imm dI!.u~s lin pt'sfllir9 In '~ihQ1B<I::4. OOIl1lj:1'!3ten~ I~rs ,(i,e" coJia:uLlE 1(~,oB_, oorn p91.1!tI~} ~t:, whinh liMN<d.~ liMit fralifl '~lh.1!l ~he!~~~ wllt,~nm.gllmo:.l, lITlel~) g~e-.~ ~~fe 'gr~l" ffi!~!ly !~ ~!.!l;, !<yer$,Tl!ie mo~ 'r,!j~l!~ i'~~$ rue !T!Q$'!: fffij ttmt bri~ mere mol_lt i.1 ir(lm t~~ ~rfm.urdlIl9', IiOO:FB' ool'rlll1lB.rJ:y I~OOi:x) IlIlO, Ibut iii 1100 ro.:»::iu.lJm da~\Clop~, 110 tlh(l ~~l:n~ Itiy-~~~ilii.iJ~~.l'll&.Hrd.ll¥fgt'OW.ljlbf·a.~Ff\pk; e-;:'::~iet\~ 'U~OI!: lXlitl1aln~ al!ar"'g9' II modal IlJoPOrtiol~ ot cst,FO ng POlfao~ ,e;.; t.enaOlfi! M<Ji ~(mootll~
I~'"p.r~r~ ii (1~9~
(;I~ ~~:
9Jl'.$f1~
mlrolO!F,a!£, WQh ~
!atet':5 {1iIlIel~,I1t'l.~}
to tb8, ~'8gaIkm
g:;met
!;IF IP':I'rQ;oie!l~\lt,"en ~li~
the
r'~
~~~_'~lN;!'
fIll!ec!l~Ifl!l,
S;everlfj;)l!Ii~
flI1Od~ IS POl"!~-
cmJH 5t<J'~ to aUr<1:il. ~l}tjit.lrtl1~~~ I han tQ rn!grn!~~\~{~U~rl
Irli'iy
1m (]fc:;ting
I~~~
b::eaJoo IQO!Ohi~
iit ioJ it w<Jj o~ OOlmCC.l'Ua i['lJ llIl.cIt m~lt flfO(i!iQ!1!$ w:e:1 :;t)o'le'~lhoe'
tg~~. !lh~mgQ~! h~~~
i[ll va'r~U$
{ladl H1I"~.e' 19M" Brown et jL 100s)11:I1d fe!<'tes priIllcipoll)"
1kJ,1,!I!O-pE!t"O::lt.;tion, ilhr~.oold
me~ing uwJ!er' clUet'enl.ifli sU~
(LP'li)
I~'
the '9'O'r'Ie:rd·~
of
a,~in
w~tent
!wet:>;.~
,of m~l Illto tl"le- ~, D81:W8>8!1 baud· tRile, gtowth (l\l:!;I;I'IT~':;;t~om~i¢;

abo,'II!;!, li~ i~re!atl~y
Hi~1i! ~~a<;ti-o n$~1
fli1;';;IflBlut~a,
fnom
t m.'9' di~1'!1
!:o UIld'.er·
~am;l [t],;m fIiI~~e..~ile mi\gm.;tiite-s fo;rm d~J'~ mettLJ:lI3I '01 II ETi€:lenogeneolE contllnffl~al.c;r\uSl i:.md~ 'riillferem~ ,Slres& llii. oo'iitJi'asI" i.1 lis nat clBa:' Ito"" dia!.e(!iits l~m~iMs
d'3tI
m:,""t rtil~"'foj:!Q be oOdtieo;olHi! irJ a. rnig'nalte, if mQ~ ii!i pro~ ::tt :;1, ,,;to g!!'iat~ t!it:oo tho, tr:!tt! .;t wtitm it 1111I1~~IlS inlay {S:Ii.~ytlr'~9941, 0 lIt: nlecl~if,[lill "fair Uibg;iFling~Glllr~rd !iHeU iD3 mu:k;l be 1he liiiHJx orf ,~ :3Q;!I~iJ$
~iIJ~
Q~
(e.g" W hrle e~.ai, 2OCiG)" W Ihte~!he.rtlile Illig:, 'fr;:ctiofl Innra'lt i" :I l\ligtl1la:ti~e loodai"'g::.lng c$'jllCi1orof'll)1]s tl1!att ing
i;!Iild cie1\g'nin~j.:;]·n ~,i~~ 'ff"(]m r~1d
mEl~i~, tlr ~rQm Iiflelt
12 -------------
migratbn ~
Olilce r.rnelt
,mAI!ineod by
aeven3:l;n
(MI8g,~"
tile
ell'eoit!l· 'on
,.tJo'o'e t~
~lm'lW
a;lli(HQ~!iquidi
trm5i1iln
'en<tlie~
lm",<!llila
tih!il 1iI1(1~phology 'o:~t hi8 mignal'ile,

has ,iI'.OJltllJl~OO~o
,~:r't~t 'tlhe p:J:lm Utl

'1I/'e'
he s:Jrie.
rufficiamt
'ilI),')UJ, "lilhis e:<:tllffld
11ili1g1li1l lgh.t lbe ditri'it6d ~ro,m m
deepErt in ~he :5aflllEitntlr,oo,
,Or it might Da cieri,\IBd fmm

(~) r~
gra~-':Q-gt:an'
oo,n1:ECts in uile r.tialJ!:li; ~,~ d~pe(!(ed, tl",e pa'tial!lf mol~elil rod:: bEo:lmQS a. ~:;pan1ioln a~cr~i<JJs iil:l a. me~, i.e",·<) ~ wi1~nwlll t~ flQ,w ill Ih~'n~ ~o tlte' 5tieM slJ~ Il1ii!jXI<osdC<liI it by loower ~tt,l'ieldl ted!:!rJ~ fi.Jf~ Wi~~refn.gtnlil~low OroJf~ the P[!l·P;][ti;l>;~Hrg
$lJ'L~iJtllFe5 i!iil Hoe ImaJij(
a oomplelely d!~teren~ ~mrre-!o'O,IUre. ~.QI1IlI. byllhQa:j\jition 01 an a::j\!lQOu'Slluid .<d' .~. h~ t~per<'t~~~, ~hicn. ~<'b'les
Ipart~1 melt~nglo, (lCOJ.lr,,~· that F~dl KI<iOO·~ IpatrobgVllI
[1lii~Ili(l
m, ,an ope.n ~
iinto f.!Qo;:m ar,ea::il"
,are-
Uim rol'(Mo~liqurd (including
't!e~Ii!Q-~J
anti are rep!oced
mt~"" bca~ incriE!Ed Han~li01J, illd. 1iIII'9l1la.Hrn/f ron

tlil'O'rj ~Ii
P!fO~$·
n,M~,Pc~e$;ffit
~!Ilclilas, bli.Jt
OO:)Uf, ~tli ,l)lM..cf'O,p., !hei:lia;Fxi~:es $!:~J~ies'~et'aty
~'efy
by rm"9T1<l1 ie lilow
matilte.,
&fL.:lttl:.lt'M, lhlJ'.i form"irt,3' a d'c<IIie);:ite mg.,
mi:a'oSl~U!::~U'<i1} MdS!'lOcihern:i::-ilI a ~~:~c to, It;)e'cle:lermined,
tihooo ~nat
di<'!!J~jite !!'i!llf!la:fle, *peei~ty ,oompos]'iot1lS it1d'~ illJ lh.11: thoy r1DO'i~!ii(ltl <:l.llfgh, OJ vilry hiiJP" ff'3::ii'!I(l!li '01 mD~, lint moo ill tlhils.W&',i' (Slmyer 119'!:l(;1, M'OOm el ~.eC\)I~, IBt~1!I~1 tr.e
MJ,o. oolk.
Ma_f'!)'e:x;<U1!lp!t';$ r;if
abw
Fraolb:nd
~!ij!'\hi)lili, me!l~r·~tolil
1Tl:6lllr'OCIulret:lI'o~!p
from 'illrQe;k·doll1limll,ed
to 1i!1~iH!QI'r1h<te(lj
riheoklliij' ~"'tr~~ed
~,b~nJ~~r~ (IB::M~ b)I Ar
ia,~eat d~1
g~
'ni~ tr~['Oln
~pe,r~olOgil;;!]
'S'p.\tOI1ll.s, j wrmtpOiiids M to F d!o'l(jrmimod IPDIJOgf~hi~t)'" -o,r 'g::odlQlnJ:dI~' [Ifo:m ~Iit~ JOcl<5,; thl::m willlt! be ,c.;jled prim,ary dljfI:!l3',:cUe IIiIlgmatlle~, !However, lMi the Q;pen ~,ems,. F dftl~rrtllned from ~!lfr lfi;;)cksln th~ in!~I~esw.o.ull flO! GO~r'!i)~nd to MI; t~, ~Il!!h::! be ~"'1I.oi::! ~CQnd&r y ditrte,,,r,ite m igmalli~liI~ d(ii~
orilicaJ·llne.lt pl!1renL~
zJ {19m)" by
the ailina! Vtgilere~
{eMF) by 1o'a!i!' der !MoleI'! <fld Pa!etrOOIi! ,(~~J79h

(M!~T~
WId the meit"e;o:~rwtkm~hresiDid
3" 6 UefilliiUonsof
IFo r ~he ~
et OIL (liOO60}., ~Iy,

~Ied it Ule rolj.:j,~o
,~qu1d~r.~~111
Esi,im~.e3!Xa:;e
ftli~ng
Ofllt:l Flar,dy~:2GOO) hOMl
Il1C,UIfexite 3iDiI. diate::dt:e

e p!O~;Qli~ hoompositkm. lilil;et,;H:·:>:ne: I1I1ig.mUj,e;; H'I~ diatexi~,e ~ of ~iilll moll· llo'i'!l-er Mmper;j:m-es
at 1il8r'S fr~a
illEltiI~cd
"';o~
,~d OMa OOOO} thr~1d! is linutm ~S5! L~rlanl~lh:m
It9.T) , bu~ t:hElljl' i'W1d h~ :!l:I~1!d tl1k1:this

pa~ this 1.lnshol'dEl1 me!it
geltl .. r~l~ lorm~ e

Imal iles: tl'lere!Cr!l\,
n,e p~
Irom ITlIeias;o:ute 10 ,tlle:!e:.~i1e'

Hili!; ito .m i'1iQ3Q1pIBl'e< y,lilW. Fldld,
t~!!P~· [lrOm1' m~~he.~ oJ ~eH IltlN ilil pa~ll~ I.na: Imrernerll [!if
'ooll~dered,
'r~llb:rt$
balwea-n O.2f.l atdI {t.t
oollllid 00 "';f1WOO~Q'nO
01 irl~m~I'lg.,j0!7oo
li~ witlh ~~iII1p~:j:lJrfi,.IJut

ilJltl tlte t~80reti(j<ll
£I,uofas. ,00f ~rnEt l1nIiCtDS:fLdtlt"as ll1I .cIitJiatll:a l1nIi!Jttalit.as dertlty ina!cajetia: miirP;'flowed a39J5(lelil~ioil.sol arytt~ In a mill!, ;¥id .oo,m!0 ~uitoo'~ hlli~microl:lir.xluroo un a Ill,lb· m.:gn~[c :\il:"!;! ~tll~ IJIEiU. cr)'S!; IIi'~,.N~tl:!e!Ia~:~'!:rte, a di;ille:dte rnlgna i~el rr~ Il;;ue Ikl5li ~helr pre'ffJ;;lIedic.Si r~ tUi'~ ond d'8'\iekql..edr~w folktlon III f;lF lbw~r ir<riilO.M of meli (.:: (l!,2.~ Itli~ i.l1fit heotMr rneehatj!rns· Ol' dJer~riltiaton ,~u,tlr:l'lad .bJv:a._ Thus, 'fr!t:!'1:tl1 the m.llI'Ibir..llio" Gf bo\.\1 a "'igjl fr<r.tiOr. of me" W~ @[~I aID the 1P(),~oe !iJleC.F,a. li!i~ 'o~ How ill\ol'o'oo, there ,<1l~ n'o'It ,i!!l1·m!lmber """'YeS, of
fDr!1fl'lng~ql~.~~H~ F;'ffia h~ rn~~~,!)o-.1(1) iYewellllbelclli
j;le!ro~siC(ij, fficl ~ch~I1Tl~~

con2dsr,atiolil ~~e,~I:
lmolten
~OCkS·di:~
lrnol~ ~s .:1100< <I! .signili'£airt
niiOCh3ill1CIl1 iin lo.-.dillll;Jl t,o ,(I{~od
defor~lon W~Je Sl/nctJrQmi!.li. The, ft~lol~O'f iTt.g~ (111} I~ be m-.i !(J,~,,or:,ClN:~~ to the I:Ptilpti.zxjRflon U-lnasn.o!i;I, by r.-li!1~['Qlii O~' tlile' r~elJt, ,~ if tl1e d'.;:gee'
ItlO~&d" 0 nl~ 1111Clci<seci :!i'fS'!8tTfl dJ~~.M r = ~ Tihe:relore, tjle' a fir§H,j~,qet' !\!1IQtiPhGrqgG~ dh!i~oln iirrl ~igtr]~it~li~ b~ 1;lfl[1Sider1edlin!emllS (!if flf,;;diolll <);~ Inel!. riit~e~ U'lelil tille degree 0:1' ~'M!OI mel~lln(l. l~ep~'~nt$ a (i!'~ [n em~~ Sis, from UtE! dt!g'6e of p!Ytia melti~g to the Iractkm of Qj' ~~i:;] mel~i~g {F)'i'I'\1S rel;lihtety hI!'!', .~ ~Mollm
~~~,1iiQii1~'0!!'~!llir.
il!lignOil i!les,'!!oI ere m~l~rg ~~OO:OlliG h
!!'i ~qo~
rr~·,a:n~
~.~~
'o\ilh!Jr~
.Ii1,...
lhe $O~'cHO-liql!id
tr\1l.1Si-
tb.n\ by g',Qjn,·ooIUOO<l'Y f.lili~
,aif[uoon
n~
arid di~MQi1lprg~~ rli!~Trg~g, lb'u[!( '-I~.w ,(i:&~~IQW gf OJ, ~r-d ,;;:gn'~llirsl ,a <rn;:!l~ ~II!!!!iI1~ ~f malt)" (2} In .. W'~
mel~ p;i~~,
:!1fS1i~n, by ~
iii
o~CII~S!·a1s lin .ill !ocaly
IrICI:'I'l~
iin t~lPl'lt,,;j!IUtt!
~re~Jr~), ~ H~ F; OF.QI ~1~1~ M~.r~~ ~~ tf;~~!ioto ,!k.?tlid trmS!t~n, llffdir~ to tim ,C[uion 01 Eli ru~l~~m i1nOl'lOflOl@O!1o
Op€!JlI ~(fli!l'
"D~IPo~y;!l
dlroo,p
andl .. ~rget1~ ~.~. th_~!~m~!i' ",d;~~i=,;j!' .~.

du::;ed, iHOWt.'Vef.',
~~om tba
{wigl~1 ~earon
·m~.;;j;~j!~~w~r,," ~;~,~.
meEt, and Il9mca' 1lflI00000la .llow_ (81) (tlhil '~BIm 'CQu[d1ba,.~~ irrge~ 'on
~. 'U!;"l't~ili ~!t\
~!Qw~r),
by
~~iIa
1!lO!,i·lii!il~iIIIof .<Yla:~t~
itri~l! \!j'ithin !~ lti1igiTIail~~, ~. ~

OOO,IF, (4,) !1lI
'hal M, ii50 ~?y
bo~h ~e:ms a-e ~.OO well esI~IJSIlIIld and ~~ 'i,JI5erul~'C< be di~ded .. Ao::Qlfdingl~~ tI'Ie !deHni,I[)1'I'$ ¢il' d!!!i'e'xIHe' md metal:e_~~e i1t"'e~ !l!ig1lJy {wom thCl!1e' given. t:y Me'l'iroert {~95eh Brown (~9~). ;nj A~nh {~~~, ~ 9l' ~!IT1g".!-r~ ~nq tt,~8j.yn!1"'~~ rJGt!1 of their orililjjtli deli~folll .~ [by 'GUrm~ t~,) I3J'ld
:S,h~mMI'I (1938}, I.i).!ir i,s: M~'~~~~ ~~' II\S! i;fl 'Wrn1J ,!X\.'lere~f p~\!'l\\.~J-i1'JeIlLFl,01! sJlnrC1.u{BS atB 'Wl:i~' prBSi!lrwoi i~ ~'1:Ie pa~ilIle {llJIll!1'lB ,MI1!l1~t'fildt1!i: ~ ml9!ii8,tits
the ~(ilI!d~,miliquldl tr:alll5ilion, a:tdi lm3:}ri:9i floVl mfi
an
O~ll
sySi,em,
boj- t n'9' ~n~lfilJ~Oln an e"~~er· 01'
!i!~ 'gafTi,tiCi ~~;lI
illltQ,1htlJ lliii~i~e', wliiid:1i! .... 6jme:mtst!",e' Iodill" d'eri'!.ied anatll'Clic: I~'a::t 00 I.m!;l 1!'I.e nel M t ,ires lOll
,wlaap
SG'I~,
aoo
M.3teri.31 com
d reitos 3Ulnfais
FI~.iii.
~irs·m$
>fclItlIl'It}. IQr mi~~.lt~. {~ n.a division 01 imIi~<JlI,l8$lfI'!O melaexileand dna~,@(i~g1f!'lI9W!<!1 i1~ i~'~fi!~'~ .!l! f~t]~!Qr'! ~ ~if!",frOO1 !'()fl'i ~
CIa8!iifi~.fM
m~tMt!llhe
pro;pertiee ri 'Ihe ~fdgr:;lirwi; in the p.wIi~ Iy
b
.~
IFIf:attJOn ll'ir~t '1).4 '11'.'6
mEitoo rode T he ~lfclTiI mel.8lexil,e to dii8texil.e l:niQ' ~~I~~~~~~n:lpl:~Y' ~ OI!rt~~ ~f IlI"Ielt .~.i,J.;Ij ~~ Q,i6 ~!!he dd crySl:aJ"~are treated a;, u!ll!fO!Tifr\ ttigic :;pn~
I
.
•
I
(lIIFlS nmel), IiIQWe!lef, fur ,;'lj mcda in lmidh Ih@~lidl pauidle; .~. nOJmFii'form ill ~ze and ~h~e (NUflllmd~}, ~Iit~e is ~ H'<Jtic$itiiol'l~t'liili lo!tw~ ~~S!: itEl' ·and cm;ll~. vIe' ~igiTl<tUes I !'!~: may e:1,aldfr,c:m '0:16, 10 0,6 lin ta'F!1S dl'r,ltiion, o~ ~t. (b) The ~;I:omklrdEf I~pholcgier;; af ml1~w:i~@Ql1Iddii~ex~li~migrllrulil(lSrug1l'l0\VilIoo~~t if\I !¥tl· 1!IfIi!tiilCl le ~.rr.;!IjIFl'"""~rru:'l fra::l.ic!n ,of m1llL 'H1~ di~r.alri li~ S1I01d'e{I :I>o~' he URS model, b.i,t~!ij VEfHcal 'dodr!lid ! i nes vn(!l~e' Whar~~r.e oo.jfJdw!,e;; ale for tlile b~!;itiCl!'i:o!l zme in [lIMliJ PO~. The t~m5rn(M1nl,,~ r!jj;;i!ll(iil>il, ~louJd be IlJjml as 11 pi'~b: Lo,1!l1~lhi~ IllIt:l1me:o:it,1!I ~ di~~~I~' a!>,aoor~~e{e.g, ~dll'l'!91.a!!;!(i!e mig!lf!;>!:i!>e>or ~dH9I1
diai'6(~:em~~mail~.
1m' iii'Qa,i;lrt~!ilfe
appea;$
t~"ICN!~
mtJfil~o !\\M of ~
info ,~~e IllM ~um
(rou.1etINll']1 PfJfI "'as tow, Tile ~e
ru ~Iron'OClSOll'Jo,'whvm roo
Jl;Ir~
am, p~ory iR
.~tdmet.!~
~'fI
tiki Mf
i$ gMer.o!l1'y ~t~ ill whki'l melt nMly~'~ oaroI':

itIyt ~e
'r.I~
tM'
~ed
by le:.jeuiie m.dl IRi~het {1900~ andl IRetllier

O),(! boeIi~~~ar!1
et
:oJ!,
~;a(lOO)r,ffi{jolldih!J ill lCHIlIlG ; d~raItill1 ~l16 to ~roxirna!e'ly d!g~~ite Iiet!:;;.
Ckflnoit hom £!out 1M mel~i!iXi~e ;and
DI!llj):II;II@.; a migl'lla~rrt;lln' W~l ~!l' i~$;n/IOOlI'it,. ard m~ft' r4~'Sp~~dGt!l'&lJtd f/Irgtf9t~f. Plrft-pgr/kM"fI1,~Mng
tJnidliflo:Jt. ~lD ~~' I~~Q' ~iTI
3.7 The
al
secou()..ordermoqJHologicai dliiv~s~o;nJS migu":ire~ in .
Oll!l ~Mi,
;$/.!'W'I~$
,a\il:!i ~t:il. OM:rJmii:!o/
(eg. ~m:;!riC' Of stJibmIigrnllfi::; Jr;;.il'IJfiO.n.$ sdlS'ert'l.iI), or by ial(}fic. 1'le.~:6: 'l'1;<1; r~m"'!$ ~,I'$ble'if] ~ear~~, re!~tr~H~ ~rr1<!1Oi!'1l~' in the~d~ d '1'1>~,:!r.d if C""ft! ro~ fr@fi!]pn;'J~fn,;j!F.!ro/ te~lIir;le j'o pr~lIino.!1mly me~t(8:1" !NI~~fe.j mel!' $«1 I7e$\:l'UUIm) 10 P~JiM.t(y f.Il~lr.!rl,imric. ~$1~' ~s as .rifllIs a sr;~fI, but may be' tl~., Yl1e trnliml from meL3Ieidte to di1t:el>!lle'is itJrlup~ in £orne tert'ti1!'lS a"Id tr8l1sJM!I;n~ iii! others. Tilile nrs"o:rd!err m;)rphClib~1 if~n Qf m~~,!e~ into I'1Wt.fl1:~~te ~ dialiiKihll ls r€'pr_ml,oo on Fig. ta ~@j'fuJlidfonoll~' if1D tien 01 melt ("dJ~ssa:) and the- chiarwl'efislice·tJI!tihe S':l1Jd parI iD'18s (ordilll<d:8). Th~ l{lP!!f pan >O~ IIlt8 drVailili ~lS the ch~ from metale:.:ilta 1.o,~mlile ala Ir8til lan '01 rn~ 01 ~26" ~ 01'1the IOOdeI !.halllTie so lid parlLdes
III
by ~~r,~r~ffaw
Int tlilis remimll, I denbe ~Jle'IKHl'lflObges I}f migl11!:iIlil.es s:;aJas 11WQ~!o\lng Indii«Ju.,l ret..me:J.m;e, <DXI m9:la':i09:],rne, en Ihe !;1m;!1l0fld1, and the over.all !;I;;ale.o.t wh~ l'Ilet~ei(ite ~d diaioo:il~ ml}~ptIologjM ,;r,B' delarmin.oo on HliB 1fI~lier../.10.11 . H;g irIlIiJifp'hol'ogjssdiro..i~ lbal'o~ .m!!l~QWii int ~tl(ln ID 01 the oo.ok. in the 'f3f1Ie mdBras i'lEr,e En ~he t8J(L The morprnbg?l (It a ml)rr'l.B!ita dgn.1 .011: tne om.el. of perUaJ melti~ [s D:.'el~ i~O be oohli.n:)'IIe:1b¥ tile ~Q{Jl1caJ 'f,a:;!Ilrsilhai de,j'BfmiDf! tlh9 Ql(act pl'~· wr.er'I;I~lll;!lir~ melt <!!d, ~:!liercl'l;lir". ~1 !i1,eO~!1'1~ ... ~ f:llrll1lei;l, i5: esty marpoolio!Jj! i£ p~bIDI!P'lbeSi wlil~ved frI U IjfJMrrOI'lIll"l.~nllli 'lNiht:!,~, diff~Qfltiilll! !iU~ ;lI"tl, I'~~. il.gt, lXI,n· I~ :;'YI~Ies. H,oweveiVdillerenlial :stlfesse~~tinrJ ~o$llhe II'?
~'I,J'
SlfiJ nOO9:lme, 'grl0ws will C3J.Hiat he mol. ftrmi:ion to migr<ll!J
too
rock lIoo!llr~il~gl p<'1Iti:;j rneltillflarOl unifo rint, r!:j;l
~her~$ {U IF!~,.~nrock:;,'~ h~ cr~d$ OIIeIUl!'!ITo rm neith~rin

size' 00 r 'aIIl~ r:tllio; OliD rm~~ i~n ~:Hlafe/;~m3' 1ili'lr.:!:S Ibetween th~ I~ ol rolK:l~tlt.1 'OO!fllt<El.~ m!hGl JOM :!i:i<ile.(Il{;I Ilh~ W;~t-e<d ~$$. oi :SIJ1~:Ud wi1l~t~ li!l' me OOik ~_ pill" lIhu~ Um io\vm p~t 01 tlilo di.,lJI~ briM IlliD' gon(f~ ~ liiI whim! M rook~ ~ooer~ingl ~t¥'~i<Jl ftiel!ing a !'~ 'C'~ ~if<:i!e.~W1d :St!<i;pe-:;;. ~n'!il..Kt! a nC!nl.!tli~rm p<lfl.iGIs, ITIotM {N LJ ",." Iqetle is a~lr<ifla~,iorna! IT~Ofil,. as
~m.'~~
t;I,rrueIiiJ'~ ~n U'tll Ifir~ilIlllltt, COi'l:!tiqiilml.ll;., in nne o~~cnop-~e 1PO>i1p1'!obgy 'c~mg. mmites,;rfl 1101mr.el~ due I~} 100 petrolo~ PHl<ress o~ pa!tl~ ~!ti!ng; H'iey r~!~ ~~m ~~. ~tenpl~ Qf IIlW ~'OO~ors, (1) Tlw PfiOp!Jfiion ,of rOOI~ ill'l ,!:Ifffmont P&IS 01 thio i'!'I!~I!.e. M~lt will be ~~!~ta,l,!it~ in r~t\'~, to ,dfflel'eniiiJj 5i!fij~;t!TiUs, the:i!ffiOt,ml qf me:tt pr~t m~~~ ~F'Om .~no, ~l'l' 1,01) ooll_"X.{2} The W<l!f I.he mCks Ir~l1d ~g diUeren~Ia.J~re~ Wlhi!e I:f!glt i~ p~n~. T~ IoCiSlIQD'! g~ dlllfiimi si~es ~,oollllirol!:edll:i'l' tile drlS!ribl!i:~1ilafi.re oompe~~f1.1 I~FS ald IIJ,y 11.9W<f/ I~ wil'1reh !itralili oorur,I'iId ..Pan oj' ~
~a dil~an!
~unMr Qlan~
Material com d relics JUln ais
_~~~~~~~~~~~~_I_N_i_F.iO_·.
_ou_,_rn_l_o_1II
tlh1'Sr'~~n:se w~1 be ilmllJe~ by the imtial, proe-enaect[c disl~lbutron Qf oompllt8n~ :lid meompi1:'8rIt Iii ool'og'!E!!:" but it will dID be OiJ:nHdll!i!tl1 by '~h!i :Elm:ll!i.!lrm ~hiJt kmn crur· il1{]lldelOFIIiI1<;jj iMI :tJfII!J Ib)I' i11eOOlS ,M llI1iflll OO~ecl~ll. As Ute melt tra:tioml ilm;''Ila'll3S, ailrain lis iocrea:inti,ty pari ~Iio:ned ,irnlO the meU-bsarin,g ~15(Vig)l\¥~MdI rl~lf 2000~ of tF,Jii' m_ile. C!JI!1.~errily. the morphoklmr 01 !i1i}lgmi~ tJitos '"BY btt \Ui)' ht!leii~i1~;. il i1i1~ilc' '1i1Ul'l'oo i::H'i a I-m=' O!JrlDiOP lmigfit not Ibe> deoo;lited linl the Silme W<lj WIlff'i
:soon on ill 0' OOO·iW,oLflcrop.
,andlihe ftow lilt mete:riel thrQlJ(#1, <J1 'I;)roglll akmg d~~,ej'e' ro:rle'.HI~ dtlllill1Eils II:l~ed lin the rrMdle 1lKIII0000r par! Q,f I.~' eilJr!;!.; He mi!TJ1aliilegf~Dim!iyMtiol;!iOOi'13 thi~ Iype of l UWI:z.Il'i-s::ae dlSllneJJ rlOIN has oerutlfea ar,e I:kei'y 10' htl'.<elOtrollgl~ 1~'Qd mQ,rphologji'G\ 001: the~~ Irfli<lj :>1 ill 100' smal d:iliflail'iSwh ere ,O'lhermorpro~e$(iafi 00 r~ ($1913' belOw, ~ A2. A~. 02;3. a!ld D24J),.
1M(lrpholloges charactellisti'o Of mela1exite migmatites

Very 10;,0;,1 Ir~i(lm: 01 rue{!. aid ~-I/iI"¥S!rai'l o:mdl!ions, 1le:J' ~h;!, ,orgr'l rr'! Fig. 1b,oor'F,e~rd:;; t!l)llle; o:nset ,01 1i!\aI! i"S: mt1J!l1m:it~ Uid. Ih""e lo~ melt oollkl H:;IJ be 11IeaI' I.he ori!gin, AIH1Qu~ tl"!~ ~r'llow 1~1i;l1!) Q.f 11rI~ prr;IQlwI'~~ <flY 'B~·l;:OiIdli!!i9 !lIl!D'Fp~log~.~ m.1'IiI d~'1;Ik:opinB (ee, Ri~\>' ID'1f--l]4) ,.tt=e ml1!;s. [olrllned ai the mlrel 01' IllIBll ing !lIje \I'ef Y ifli'lporti1C:lt; as they mar~. the iOwer.gTa:J9 linl'iitoereas !i},f mi~a±ile fonnm:t.Jn, lheliekl ~nce fur 'the onset Qf Ipariil'J1 IIT1sl.ililg is oommmily ,Q;wrilcookBd ~ lrdl' ~ir~ ,s13n:; 01 partral mellEng En DiLltEfc'p5 .tI·Et ,§Jbtle_ RBa::1.(ri1 miine.rctsbecome ~i{Jlllly rounded wtiere meliirig has be';jLlnI, ,anca S1Jg:It'yloxtm'o ,C<II'1 d'~p lilll lit holo!1oo no" too rich iln m~ If tile m'ellilllOl se....tion ~l;)dLJoes. <I.gi5!n(;;!i~'e ooHd prod'lJl:t, tlim minerai migtn be, ~grolJ1imI9. Too i,ir!Gli 'fNiidEffilo!i Q~ p;:fti;;jl m~ltill9 iPl~rne' niGm~ite~ kllh~ de.oeluJ'llIilent 01 1~1'I!!l>!1::;i'mejl ,qu3r'ID~~[ljj;lnil:;: hlrJitil. '\II'!liI~h w~.h.i!ir whl~!, i:i:l ng Xlli'l\eg;r~ii1 bo:UrldM:es.; ~1iM!,fillrl!i
FgJr'~ll:1 ~~ IIlO~v ~1i'(I ~iiid·Clrdar roorpli!:J'~~ 'I!'!'!l!r!~W'!!! W ~iI;Ied tJei.ow, 30; rel!'l!~ 'to U!e ·jir.~'"C!~~ef ml!ltillult&-di[j!~xiit6 ru't:drviooll ,01miUflI'Idilite,antd te ea:f1 oUn,af Iby I;Jc,,"lalio~lin flel<!i~'ie' S'.!ifHlfIl't.acHc ·:!";I:lraln.~~uah~ lis oot IbIr.@din a qlJ:MltitmiwIIiIlM.flf.f; it i~ ~~ mEid tq!J.sLrtOl' till!\!lly In CJinM'~I1IE.1!.~ IrelOllivtily- mo,I'1f,del'ornmi!:d' roClul.from
le~·defQfl!\T!~
~Mk~
MQ~ o!h~ mo~~klg~ diver-lii't in m~t,:;t:l;i?!i~e' migfrio\1' Ililes deriil!'es, from tlieani9:ltro,I:lY ill"'JlHent iin ,tlle·lpa!eo·lI:Jorr.e
(andl prOl:oILl.I'i), ralli~ !than tfiie m8(TIrtlJlde ed
tr..e
S)'IlI-~eclie: 5i:r,Ein ka;;:llion o,f rnelt pre~nt. High strom or ~ner ally rea!'It~ ln ilii~ too:iTP'ho lo~es, bec<lJ$! ·ail par~§
01 til", migm<l!itee me ~~on:g'11t dtenldad QI' tr<fit5pO~,
amd paie<Joome,ll!ll00mm!l; .~' 1l8000m8' 1'8001 no Di3QJoIT',s, pa-,i3Iei, m too Q\.9i'allOOtpnOic;gy fs, dr'[)rTi~rr:, or' f¥!redTtws. the arrleria that are wholly' Slr.ain-related\ Ridil as tIMe l<feral Oi:m~Itlui~lf ~f leoo:l!DII'lU31. 00 no. prO'lid\!, a 'glod ~~ on whi\;h !o del1~ me1;otexi!e liPi91llaJi!e~ Of '011
'whicb to d!si:ifltllJlsh mei:;ll'e>:~ieftOin d:Bexi1:e· miglllallH>&
lintwnlt·~,
dialr9l<ite fra;tmn
llfte morplfDbglta!
\!iri:1ions that
OIO;U-
wfthl'ti
m9TIaiites ae' ,Etroost \~'holly a of rr~ pr,BSlIn";more mBll l1~iI~
r1lJJ~tioln
O'r the
113~
aysHdlizeQ meft {HQlneS!Oandi C~e.J:lS1S9i9, &myor 19019" HI'!J·!oo~ood W;tt 00021. Ii pink oolbr~k!n ,ill 11;;ij. oo~ 'DI nmu:DOi,ilt~ 9'alfiij. w~ [cuMI by IHc IriC.Eii OiflO Wall (20(t2), 10 mi!O!'i!l.I,M a'!1~ 01' parlial meli111lil9t! peli!1C i m~ in II oonta:t wreoi'e in, &:0111100.
II.epr~Jilt
m9il1S
,anti rnOlr~ !iBCo~ilfi,a.TIne ~1$Cl ,or ~,'an;;t'~loc: ~raill lim this morpholklw .of di~I'l:;;··.iI m~rmiitas iHuhlle. ~m 1ri'i;qni!i$W~ iiI'~, 'Ifo;;,; :$Irl,lct~r~ IW!Q~,~<itro~ are Inmaloo iii! Ihem ,:;t OOli'T'lp<'f~Iv<lIy' bill' m~ slr~: l1iiglter s--,s::x ~raitl si~· rQaJ)t:. il1llb8'H~ p~elB1'retdl Qiril!.1il" truiOllc~ ~r .~ gncl~ Oiiid mW'Jefals (~.deron:;,e s~ '100.2; Arbq~ ~t al.il~;)', roi in ~ d~ilrx:mi dlange in the merpI'iiolo.~,y_ The ~M ..ordi'io.1 I'iI'I:Oli~IIoo,lo~oaJ tl!<tRl!l ~i5uld be·u:soo ~ 9, ~e4~:o; to tlfie·lurS1-orCler. one. e.g. S!itOm~rc mot;]io.xltc rnigrmii'e m ::dloUoo (000: bofow) dim,Olcilo
peI~~e
a.
rrn~.i!'e-
Fi:J.JN)· lb ilndfcal~ H,~ 11ii1010101 Ilhii;t ~nd--ofder Ir:nor' pOO~ge's.,wei dll'!J"~,er~i.c of r,etati'i'iilfy~ow··~r~n" mcl;;~ However; r~t'I~ f*Uliis 'ffll):m Mi!ll'!i¥lrlcaJm(iJdel~ fe~ EIeau.m::::IIi: ot :II. 00(141. Jrnil~n ei .:t. 20M), imd~ij th~
I1I1W'1¥ rm1glmiit!l lti;:n~i3s '~~Inilfled Immn U~El fie!l' d
pa>:JS
olClr~
3iUlI.edi ..
B'e ~.
III
iB'B'
~~r[efl(;9d
very hig; ~-
~:rail'l. file
1Ill~
aslihey
pa"'lllally
Vl~ling lIn:al: cru!Sl.f:I rOdt51UI'lde~'g:l r2:!lllit s Inll he parUUc,nl 01' 91rain lnto,;
IP:a~ch m Igmatltes a-tl '[Nm~ WfL!Uf! ~llty hlo;J\!lI' fl'~liIo~G oj' l!iI1e~ h~ been genera:lad\. ,..,d inell irilgl- ha:;; oo::rurr«l i!I! di~R ~I,es. i'D tlh<1l::'Illi:!'I; ·S'.\lIl.teroo p;:lldlt;S 01' ~~'Oliirolia1ed rrl $I~~ n~~rf1~ d~p (FIQi 1!1l1.&"'-l'Ipl;o$ il,l pllil:1lii me~lli:e.xite rr.grrna:til:,es,m~ be ooen in FIQ!3..ID7-mO and a"si:J.fi'l r,~, Ell, m. Bil5,and Blf.I. P'~'@;J.9'O:llne d:Oml· s n~, :F.d the 1p!a!Id!e$ Qfi Ii:I;!Qa;.~ a-,e' ga~ally ro~nd OI'£)Val in .~~e. SJEIl neeeeme W!!S caled ;'tflnd etld~ lirtJ· by ·S;der-fl:llltl (100ry .<n,l • Jjllrd paiidiSS" by ~a;te" ,{10031, ard i'ilcli<Ur~eriet it: 01' !!he incipient sl.£ViIs ,of p;;I'l:ra 1m811nng ~1't@lr lilllsis '(W8b~ md Baribsr 1986, McI.8!lan in WBB, GttliJil BlDI HfcJISI: tGS(J, HIti!Jffin at 81. 19S9" SEtrt)!E!r i99il. limmr:rmarm et :t!l.. 2002, 9~~ eei ,aI. :2!D.O~~. 00~91'It~l"~h9 ff~d ~pi3a"~Cl~ 04 pachy In!Kls:lme in Imi9!lflatitel.erretl1les ii!!:mefull in 'IClOcaEnaI! 00 "~I.-ilil" liiOg'a::I ~O~ th9 fii:iro:Jcgy IFlI 'lII'ffit.1lI i~oruJr~ Fio'ft'wwr, it 1I1k"lf b8' dJfi~lt to idalTliify th~ !l~~li!1e ~. tlhl'! p<JJw!:Ome b. .. COi:'fse·gooed. !ili:I!ntlJlilllioo,fel!sii:; ionic. rock. Oriemed, ~ 1:i:bJI~ bodiS',se>i neoa:m~e;tl3'l i:ff,sa·jf ~fng j,s,oo,nllilloo to I lin l~iS, or to oeru,n pl~5. At hi~ei' deg-:ee-s (~fpalrlial
.JL!lI~1::!J
---------------
I~
rM
t5
met[r.g; the neeeeme glow.s,
r iii beeemes more p!enoiiliul;
tQbeod
Ibyoool~~. ilf rooi~r.:ce r~~~ 'iot~"~ Q" ... ~ioli) of r;;l)"~ ~clle\l of n>ecliOme thw Dare dmm.e DortJetfs,them the lei m n.ebUlite 'G<Il be lUred
~'e<n
dwelop
tree·.Figs.
T~I)'; th
D.1 aild 1)12).
iin p;tjclt! ~a;t;i~~
~Il~
Irne:l~ocr~ic
tt"LIOOC!'<'I:i part!s are ic
lmiEQf!TIJi)l' disli~b.MIj
IlhrQl{jhml~:
Inoo~::ntrlob~liho
ilTielll:e, overal
mGlt ~d
r~t~J~
Il~
nnt
~:r-mrDi:3 d~ibe tlilree metfli·e)jiie· ml~I!:e' rr'IOU;ilOl:..;91S$llrr whlk:!1lthe diSiirlib'lU lOll amd ~(i~m cd lb.ij 1il!eO!iIJ rr.e (the· iet.W!iIl'me' ~ Pe.'I~W~) ~ef~t d1fter' enl wiIjS in '1ll'liTildh Il1eani.9)1 m,P'!' due' to tIMe kljeril1g lin ~,he· p!'Ola~lit h I1ssp::Jottd'edI la' Sitarn dUltling p31't~a lIne~trn9\ Sl,me ej(<D.p~Sle~wn ln fiJ., 2,Sm:e Urrese InOrptito!IiJ:jes ~~ ·d~,inoo wi~ 11r~fii'~lnoo tlO Uteir Pl!0·mel~j.ng slrlJlD~!liIr€i£, ~hey Rl'e d!;i:;io'rtS o~ metae..!O;ite l!TIigmsliles. Tille maE!{ of ~h~ thr~ l\lP6'S .1llom.g Ul,8 "araliif' axis of f'i~ tb is :pms·,
Nei, dllal.ibnfJ!,.~d atcltrr!)f),; ~",~O!rli!l!Oll: l~ ~ i'nt~trned:~EJ't;llr.ajr)$.. It-!OWe\,fef., a: Ih'g. SiNUns, title ~eumrome in di!a:iJ;neil md
iII'~:
~·atei:l~
!he nOOOClI'II1,e is COII!lmltJol11ty1I'Ies:;i1
cr,atic-"HI,oweve~, " .. ialions reaJll. if Ihg m9lt~.d residu-um do'~~e" !11! Qi'1!!'l ~, the leuco:9Jrrte m~ ee Silt" wUlooild by.1 rm!:lt mijjl~Klm~,wh~r·il.i.l.iIin i1Jlolihiilf elm ~ !EJum!f1.~ic rim, a F iTticJ,m, mEo/aJnolJm.a .<1 rmel~'.~ic COT~, WihiC'l, iisoo mroo't11/ :fI,Sing~cr'!(.5I:a: (Weber <Mia Ei<lrtJey lfitS6],. lnhis, IaItor tloiPll oJ pard, ~;OO:;oml)' {0<9, Rigs. 1B30,
"I
rr~~·W~toods;ta
ilJpropri;llf.l.
bGoom~ pat'.all~I,it'll wh[m moo tllia;

m~>jexil,e m'gnati!:e" is
tam"f
"5!;~'oma.]jb:"or • ~rw
mle
!!jjltuO
o ii.lI~io:n·it:n.ldl:lred
~I;i~e '01 Me'lliner~ ~~J
igm~.nt8s
(,rurro:itK:
D~'O~ Ooo;.Jr$ in ~M' gFaJli.!1ftE!"lO'!::ie:sIP<f~;$ 01' OOfir,e' migm~rn;e t~fr~{W~ef!;:'>lnd W h~e"1004,S~w<!rn FowelJ 11009,
R:lwtliland
:;OOW that B,oWITIe5~95iOli ~:r-err
IN rJte,el ~,2D04l: F!i~~!)aI;an~

~'
et till 1999: W ati!:1~ .:mld, e5!:~m~e5ror U!~5e p<!llcn~ 'OOlillrrw:

IO~
(M1", 11, 'IN l1riteet <;jj, (20Q4), d~[oed p~~es·of ne:;~lII!i!e th~ 'ooo.!r in mol;po!ilic Imck$irollil tho l\1"Pe!'L;:rnph!bo~t~ ra3i'~!;to :1anLlrd~4~kls tltan~l om ,~C! !i1!aJ: n...olvsl?lfiel p~d by :MI5!Wn!1l.!!~ me-!Un.g·re~1,iCin ~~!M!iI9I!I~e bneffitlbwl"I ·cof bietneand :;iUtm<lllilte, Tille in~iIi~y QI~gEWIet to e.Oi$iI)! furm ~Iei iI!~H~ rClOfi)S h\Ol$ ~t !h~ llil~ I~cq m trQj;f'~ ~~, m~~(ng f,~i~'n it~l' .w;j:,~f tlii~'9~hl;J'r p~~ of fef.1dion: was deleriml_lled by '1M b= clr mrleatfon '01
h(!JJJ!l loS!. ~. con.a'der.;lb.[1tt
1'IiI~lt
or:e' dr~tif1C1;We, a;. C<fI b$ ~e1Il ., f9;. 0'113-02.2, The !e1,iQ;)~rne I~ lkl<;aeci in d'Am;;m1: 1(1..e., bw"pt1=.:rt\ll), .sl~ootLlr'oi!'1 t.iles" ~~ ~"llh~ betW'-l go~n5" In, pr~jre ~C1~W:;;' r;):r ~tl,!fam.lr~· (f9 2], ~-1 the mo~eOOlil"lp&:li1!fiilt Iq'm oj time migr;n;,1!flte,. T:WicCIII(y, the dlaJjOf,ej a1es ore ,oo~IT1l;la.t'.<l:ive:Iy~~t :;(1(j res! rie~ed ~o pr!IItlcu!w. !~r~' Md '00 r;tol fo:nm ~ orukfop""~"o net ~r,iJfC1L!FC, il1l$ Imorpno1lcisy lliT\p'liesllh~ c~tlmc~ air a
!~~
~~gnc~ mignal.iI6! ~heoompel,am

fOl!
'~ln!f~
~OI!W\~
~~varlig,lJ:51
!~r~
rn~ii:';e,
while 11i1ffef·pr;raAel eJ(ten~olll OOCllrred, T:Wi.Gall¥,
!Mgarln~.
ilihlS
~tiWal[OI~
It~~$.
lin
Iir'Irg:tlalil,~
tliil~ oXll'I"
taiilg paiI'ches of J~~sl!ll neoeome Cl],mtslifligl of Bl11If~ illHlet
p(l~1P:tl1J'lj{i'blast alJrround8d
b-!I' tha. oHlIaf &llld prQduclsol
re::cl.lon
~all
(~.g'!
kcfulQ:<¥,<'¥) m1 the me>!t..
IIOWt:s;are t he 1~$r:etiU19 :[e.£t, 9"W'IIIail13' ~~it~h, Qr !~ ~""~~~f iU!Q[~~ (~,9\, 'G'<Ii~;,iili~~, ~ilItile, ~aJm~rc rock~ or ~aI[tes).loot Ihey ootlld .. ~ Il~ ~¥ If\;1lfmed r",,~waJ ~~r$ r[~hi inl $trorg m~lI'IeI'Ss, such as. gD'lIl!e! ·"r py!,o.:o;.ene., Di!a:i iona' 51rl!M;tl1lres. m;w da:;)k;;nn owlrg tc! $1r~tl t~tn'!p"'titit~ .<Yiioaothe 1Q1ia,~bnllphne'S, {AJi:rit lIfId vi~'!ji 100Cl}, as i" the mig:rmll:i~~
in'
are best p!e:'!erved where S'J1lI~ate:1iG D~~rneyg19%, BroWIt1 OOO~} .:rrcI oorth\!J·~Jer'l1 AIUIOli~:ll1ti ~Il;dn. I~I,;:)·w. ·SJ;;;D ~jr~~m!¥!t$ 1i1d~' '.ndpi~l iifI~ltil1ll:81 ~O liver and tla'l lI9S'f}" 0 Hiler I ';'PeS of d1l'<tI!Jnllllsi~escan where' r(lcl!;~.<re 5i;wolnger • .and layer'$ ~e g;lPriPclen~ (elg,. deveb',p in, ."CI aroiJfld, the hing:>s'o~ fold::;.devel(l,peCi in S~ a:II et~, ::lru(J6j.. He.f1CB.ttis. p3l:dh rn'gm1l~8*:,8:CI800 rQ.-;k:;:wil h ~"!O!roIl91 pl~ m~Irl;JP'f '[~,9" C9i !mi, <;fld NJ gMar' Zilrallil, to nHitJlil.ic, tlill.;,miitCti3G. (In. !fig. llit'FIb.e ~yer 19Go), e-xi~OOr;eo~ 'ewH .Si5llla:! {mr,eren~t~ 5I:r~detlorm~ paiCh N ·lIt·d r'tu:turlld m jgm.aI.lhn: {dikl)Olnili-aslJ,ool:ure· m';.grnai~h~s linlo trrg;.·~e-ci··r;;ib ·sll~ {'Ii"immarrm~nJ Ilt ,;:i~ Me!hn~Ft 196e} a!r·~a~ery OOliifimont~e ,of iifia'!<!!i,e",' ~L20(2). <itldd~lh~ SEJ9f~it:ljj ,elf melt M Ui:e!rl'MiJ p:rfchi'lfH"~ ne!J'5Cm~ in~he !i1il~~m;"(~tlSd'e~;r;l1Ihe(!!zy WIiJj;te ~:e' migmai me., and :Sederlho!1IIl {119017} 'oo!llooeJedl tr.ejr
llifilgimfil:es t'l <11. (20ifJ'';) bcO;],mll 1utq:1i .cn::;I ITOCI~O <brOO<Illt, tfai 5tJ~5
<fd.!t.e
~~ 9:ll:Itllil@r.rr B1lt~rrt
(..b,mes andl IBrQwln, 11990" a,a-INn rnd
diffotlCtl·
doWk:I~OJInOOlI to, Ibo .ilJllilildic<!tit.lr p!~
of Plrl i;ll moltf~; Ue
O.X<n'I" 01
the melt ~
$Jlgl
!r~troIFl5 t~~w.ah':~
are
stovm
in ~
1D2~GO',
e:;renliiaJ fealure im:efi.;eC~iO
In1"', ciik1!a'lt ~rLdur~ Cot¥.equentlly, tM mo::;,rjCioobfY'01 tli~ migi1rlaiiites Q.IiIRr~ from palen to nGt~rOC!IUroo., Olr f;'iHIrn:1iic. il1llls, fJrotl bw ~. ani!t·oct&::;Ii t <Ill, f1Q:u1tsin tihD IOS;Oir !l)Itl!JJ,o,r maGt,DII,lllJ ll1~t ~r~tton, ffidtlh~ f.'l:>.11:J p<tC!l~5'o~mw50~ ~~ ,OOmiraed by reti:duaJ liI1Iiner'm~ A~ hBh6f' ~JIrhlj~ai:6C1:ie ~,a'rr,. palen ij'l~m<iliut!ils jiJ{i I:)n~t' ~:(r..t!.MtJ n.t;!t,or ,$Ii~Ojij'!ft~ !.4~ c['jled I~!ijd)' rnorphobgieo;ifulrm i~e;;d" ~ the mel,!
IfflO\le'S.
thio.; rl1I~liPhc:'log,y th~ thBi 1~1ln~ Is
oCClllJrs.11lI ·or two
m(;)re
nm·l~
~)~i1!i<Wi~
:set$" ~
th<!3; I Mir
n ,(;iie~.e5la
Il'~t!lm Q'utli!lling b~·-SIli~ocI!
blb~s-o:r ·d.. llw r,odi.A! HlQcarly :sI~ w~~ is.nart~w with ~ h9", ~:-J"'ll¢, M'J !5 ~Ita'ered bot' i1FI6kul()oc'm€l~bhe ·o;rt1li&:rs·of t~;e ~~~.;r6 pm60rornl&" li~i-!;) j(iJ~H~ ~ ~em is. 'iIElry ¢::IWiFfiQill y' '~Ile ~~lj.jlt O~Oli'~ (if
~;up!;l!>!i:P:n81 01 melt irlg, tlrrl)J 1Ct!Ji·
m~re :!;I;lt~m ~~jefl!ii!;l~ ~ea b:n:li;llin .....h~ t!iill3' Ioriuoo· ! OOltlll~ Is IOC;1~. II is t1en~lfl~ by' OlJ~va.u~~oll.M fC,lia:ion ~t'Qm,l~e- hQ$I: to. i:):r~:me WfI?! iin~g, t~ ~~!II~e-. 11~' t
M.3teri.31 com
d reitos 3Ulnfais
16 -------------
Fig. 2 .• &:h9tna lo Ireprl'ml~.aHon
c.aIfIloo expfdE!:lI kl,oocLlr,. Sal td

dilfig Of fdliaion, (~ ba.l~'
~.a3i:l
oIi 'I!)r;ne 01 ~hg, !l:lructurai st9!: ~fii'I !NIiIictJ th!lllilllO:l~ i!l1dill;;i iooaJll1i1l9i tm:iit!l mi~altm ; ale 1~'IiIe6~e::ool laJO:J:Di1iI£I; llihfre.astns aaHl t::l<d. lilileEEM"at Iil,e U~ Df b«f.
Offi{li!Dlre.:
pi'f1iiocnsth,<!I: devebpi!1l1lileooliI1po1enl ~~of ii!'ligrml!ites; tli;J~ ~~5 ~,'I;:ooolm: c:oot;?i n ~~!3' itnlenmil boodiio;!l. (b)i LifU,CO~.€lIkx:<fffJl ilil eXJtetll:lionCi'l !ll13e!' rtlatlids:; b:lth '::1Imlrl~ic and a'llltihiaic ~~a~l!!G are it:OIWn., (c) IL·~lrie 1I0000'oo ln a1ai¥mlil1t£linic rol Icli:I~t.c1 brtll:liln.,~d) .9:mlfr'c2I! ie lEi.iwEDf'r'l.e CIT,i,Ej}too pat,a]r,a '10 tlie pri napa] [pI~,e of<lti~3'it rqpr, wI;;,:J:. 1ii91 b3ai! ha'
ilnt lillte!'ooudil'l
m8')! be ~Kml'l'le
rE!!ll:!l.acs, 01' e!Il!lIli rna
Il::Eding or fOl'it'l1i'oli)" (~ LWO'JSJIine'II00]i,er;l1 in ,~11eve!i5Ei'!:Ii!M'. Cl!U i ng t h'e'$oct IIilmb 0'1'en ~'rllliTlejri~ fold. {f} LeuoOf:OI'Ile a":I:'Ddallwwillit pJiaJl'elIGl'(J3\ 1'~lin Ihte['I)ld !ii.t1ige:;,isl':::caJ:~ ill the~ebetweerl ,dillai001lbfdding ~ames:, ::fiDtr~ef OO!'r1<lif!$~' 1E\J(fOiOOl!i13- <i!il9- looaJ~ If! e'.(~~~alllr~:l.lr""" ,~~~ 'Cil1I Ul:9' ~~de Q~~h9' rold~ tDf!~~~ ~ayar$ MO arijo~ ffi::vE'll'p'3J11I3J, b:l! t$ild !lobalt'iiDislllydil!F(!~L L~~l1iteth:;i il!3,[~,Edpar<ll.ldlo 8!Wid'5rn.i:a'lI~me.'OO!'l!lir5iifl thei~~e!l~; I~~ a'ikll'OCIi;;:: melt ~lirus, ~m5 t~~, to hil\l'e mi~;"t,ed
fT1
a :lhon
d[s.
Olli\ler
<ridl Sail" '1997} , The r~ !;J~,
I;) tIMe b~
~~Ifl~· :1~~~~,
bet ..... en e
by
PQrl;!l,!~
f~f!"Q
'Ih~h~~ rll1)~ .~h~ ~1;Io!;!:' p~ m,lHmcty ~~
11~~~rm!~'
P~99i'~'1
~q ~.
i~' !'IeI-
a:";~lhe bll]:; H)~. underwent l\:tjer-pm':'Ilel e.!>[te!1l001'l(eil. M!!:LelIIalii 1!188;. S1!.!yllr~g.g~:; BI'O,\!,il'1 1~, 2004,; Olllo'ar
gener.;:ijl:; ,aHl'!pO-~ (If me.ianom,aI.iC reMUlII'l'lc However. tm.~lt ~ Injac!ed meg)Cfa:.~· ~
imo tm;8~ 1~/em~,lliHll'lltlha lti.:!snge Imao,l ba,
et aI. '1999). D~o.rmel:fOn ex.pei"L'iIIle-rrr5 ,On

tiOlill :1Jl~.9JQ' g(ilO(l);I~ ~me
Qli;]~~.1;l,r
f).dial!),
ooiar. W i!ln
inoo~
rra:;tioll1l ,O!
melt.
mlllr.-IJiaS oomirlml thi~ I[ ~:lOfi"OOr:9IMd I~~~ l'!1'?:itir;)g ~~.dQfqIT~iiD~'
stmctli,m:!d m~r.litn(!'S
p~i\li'a
,11 tr~ron~Sl1g)',
imlto ra~
!;tIT ~~!1I1;111 ~;;4I;1XJ~iI;l m~i~Q~{Fig SUI;lII'li'U;,t h;: m~rr~~IJ,u~tlitin lin 1M
1~),
eon.. o'~N'r3:ed In~,ij,5neff bffid~ :~ the me!~ 'Ihell mfg!:d:ll~ the: to baId~ Migr~km O'~ 1'OOllJ; illlt{) shlllt
moo:
o.~ l<ryef·$I:'~
~~Id~ o,r '~IPlJ!~~ frOllii ~nem. ~nd$'l1ln

~~ ~do02~, ~:>!:el C1J1,.j
WIi!e!:~le.r tile'
{M~I:eI'o""
l,u:;tYfe~1 m igm,;.d I,t"$ n<l'l'e' ,md l:iIlflr31:y pi!rl'l5tent b1JJ'ld'I;,of I~;:l,)rome, &:OIf!lp!~are
ill
mrt~nrlT!9 ~~sr.:tgri<!!
or b~!!'
!!l~gt~ I~~I
I[j.j! <liI6'[MItmI~ ~~kiI
~t
of I~e~~
g:;.mT:I!lI1ol~I~' ·is.orl~!'II~ ,gt fgri!!l!~~, 'flte band~ IOliaUol1~ :n:I
ooeo~me,
~o ~Ii!~l'ii'iijt1t p'lMt!l o~<'liiiltijtrop~ 5t'.oll!'n 11'1~ D31-iD 4Q, A

(1P'l,mal Sr,H,1'I'0l~f.!l) .lIho 'CQ!flPO$!UO~1 1~lit)Q
pli31v'
1:0
ti1!e
~Cl~
Singl'o l;zyer is C<llied
,111,~~i,o.mti
oriel;rti!lf.(Jnl cl .dil !!.e1:~, of l~rnoolM
Ollll'.OlrQ;l)' !$,tYI~\\,tl1~
(b~~
ili~ maes
mml'd kilf'1~rn~~
her '!!!1m'! U~e!~{:I'irectbl1$ ,of mO\'e!~ne~t,

in ~hel~ielcl 00' 00,10 dooermili\'9:tlilielbcal
ding or i9neolJ~ ~'llf6r~n,gh ora foi.1! km. Ge!wr~!¥, aband 0:1'
b~lroo)Jd~d
ll@i!.j~$Ort~& 11'$1$ ji'[~¢'c!lO

Iho""'~r; ~:IiI'ei'Il.e!\l:lQ~me
q!~'tht)!!'IjI~·Of~~lio,d!i'Q~rnati~r,.
Ii!'i>!0 n ~t~ ~; Iii~ '~Im>! ~$; i~ c,n!1y '011 ~ne ~. ~I in ~
O\tlit~r~i.llh:6~"6 is ~o me:laoorolill;e, Witlilll;.in l'ier 1)3r~i~ m-~.e!!ijng, ln~ r;:<ii~$I;)lme i$ !;;fl~~~cI to t ' .:1, !gnelSi!> in which k1U1l o~ rlddu~ me1''U'J< ~i~rnrne with qJlI~ t2::)f;8IdfP3ili1~ i¥&I's, .:;na tlhe l€ii!JIromlrl!t OOIl.ds 00 iongi'!l'
1E!ecaJ~ oj ~ho!!,
lIE tagularilV
~a'g!f'llJt»D.i!t' 01 ~~!Dm!!I
oomail1s and
na18'
af!iheoir
!patililg" $hom!';lD:: 1tIi;m::tiJElS
rna..re
cb&illB
m£ili'llQS3mrne; alOl.lOO tllEm
(Er.g..,
,at!~';Ee:Ia. Io~ 01 ateNk; 1'1.. IMbIileHLe'!IY (1®9J) ~gge5led
that Uiley a-rethe r'e-a!I~of r~.ted ijrJjec~IQi'!S()f ~ b~twl3E(l tit&' 1<lj,!Bf~,er roli:ffon ~B$; Ii'ieme, l:ie lin~m· ducm fililGill~
tltah3lfflm !\lr par .~-r~a,de:!nfib~ ~!fJ~ 1iiII:J:rphljlogJ,l1b.e

Ii! retHlin ~eredJ mi9ma!ite~ I;htll ~.~) 5ee!1flii\!l)f
~J··p .... JJI9!1:.a:ocI's; '01 10000,9:)111'19 < b i'd1u<t'y 'Cll)SSorut ~ha ~ti~ll~y;, $l;e~rfl9fr(l'i1rl 'One plOlfoe ~I ~r~tr'l:JP'I~o the nex~ ~ ~IT~ Q WI;3::ro-;;s 11w:~ O~h~I'CIPS {E';~. ~~r ~ 3l1i999h, ard (2) ;:xlj';ml!ililt Iln~IBnO[fcilG b:ftj'5 d), ~I.ot h~ «IPfQP:fi<il;er(l~('!ua oomPQ~tioll!S ~.,!ljlltlliel aL!OO9l', awo~~:the m!9ll·inject~:rn1 OiFl~'_ Mll'io/ i~nu~e~:Ig3o~s h;l\fEl Pf¢;~afIJ iil -"'"Ttf o,ri:}n; Hol~rs= (19!6) and ~wn ct al, (1995) 11"!aoIo.'lt~oodl '~ihai roo' '~H'J@[JicMO~ molt OlIlr;l ,d~rlvgc! fitc·1in <Xij<l[lCf]I. r'Qdi:s_ Ilnl Q:;Iil!I:r~ • .b~n$ t19&3al)~f;! ,b1fJ;;\1'!11'.eS et ,<j, {~'995} In:;;rre 'OCgue.:JtlhH! ~lli!e ~~r,edstru(:U.j~I€f r,eruI~sk(>,m the p;;rl~aJIIill!llti~1 ,01 only too,:ia I~~wilh !ii_jitotl~ b!,J["CQmnpo$l~kl~(i,~'~ therer~~e ~~r~l;!h.e ~..,.~b~ !i.QU!~imo ~fQW:~m.s,betw~n
0'
wi~:hf:ncfiLJda'·~' a1lE!~ ,;ll;l!iJeS (i'lll~d[]g zonesci' mannel inJ~IM ,oomil!lenl1111 'crus::) 1'w::!caIly l:iiaie a prQ:1lO1J1103d layeredl, ,O~ Sltalfflillre, t1illl'ITphol09:li' due ttl< U.1li1~tl9itiolil md Ptfo~'~reC!e!ormatiolil, most ~ident by stJu!ldlfwt, Pff1l1131 I'td !;:Urrall,y persiaill:ltl bodi~ o~ I~.me < ~F'iQ$. A:2. A3). The ~~1:ed! :SIi~!.lC'~~~ m<ty bE! :o;oE;!;I[QJ\!9 ~Io' QIb~~ ~ prevbm ®nPh~~gjlh3i ttie meliieti1ie, migns~!e m'o/ Ih~ l;iII.; ~I,ru:s G~ ~!'ii& IDTI.C "1¥rt.G I'I'l6tml!!:,C!ijil~' migrl;a1,lle" wiJldl ~ :!l!ur~rM. AJ!tlnolQ1i! ail pre-~a!IOOIt; str,ooures ~n ths:se mi(111<ll it~ rntiL!V h<r.<elbagrm d§~oyad ~bytl[ an$l::>o:~t[o Jor e>:;atnple)" ~.~ ~Ol!kJ nM be .ca~ed n, a~i!»:it(l l1il'gni!tiit(!<~ {lu1lilooo: ,~ Ihghi f.ra':"lioll o1i molt m1 be diimcn1;llra.~1 ~o n~, m<!$1.~ i!fl Ull~]i1ii}; IUIIO)'"'Sloillid be· ~ed Pfrnaril~" ~ Iec!(l:nij,~ HIC)!li'~, ~M~Clilne' gen~raili I:~p~~n.I., lind mOire ra''ef¥ lletJOOlm1l {L~',.letJ.oo", OOI!ll!e+ m~IO!.!1(ioo!na},w!1iidh ~;S!;da.J:9!ho;;! ma:!l I"'f."red ~N,l!l~1~f1;!'.and .~ h~ m:;Jfh;we .M\i'. 01 '!!he rno~pho~~ t'l'Pc'
ny,V
the lapi"r'S area!ifid U\€:·IlnetI1Doolflilt;:t Fetr'o~~hlc
3nllJ:1O'
~~ !the [oweJ~~iI'ain. pan Qf Rg.llb,.
§iden~ fy;a 1~loo
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~ u'd~ ~e
deimll)iIliS1;rated1h1.;1 OOlfifl.eI~ted lilil

fi!~t ist~e f~m
rn~m~Dte~ ~I~
FIi1eIal.OCf~~
left
;;Iter
A:! roil'!! ;;),f1l"me!ti[)3 st~~r;iJ:;", !r<m~ln ¢f i;Ji~I! ~ve· <i:Qyt <! ("'2>0 6'iim!nrne Hl'e' ror.li!1KlUS, l;)r~;fJ~b8&d framew.orK, <n':I ~liu!l'WIiio:l8Ifr'ligIt1<ttii:e ilo!Jcomes mmrl"rlIii11!d (~!!t, i:l:!~ropiC)Tr3In:spoSiUo:Ii1!I;:I~nd Uile 1ma'r ph(l~t(lg'fof ~ U~!1~:e::! n,;o$;)liT1e; for tlhiSs:,~,tlle l:ef!iT'! "In~~mpetatelli~lem igmaWes !iihdiao.d:(llliIigl'J1.flll~el' mul'd bo u~d(FrirI, 1b,),. lHowOVCl', iTI!OOlJmeIffii~iti:i~ lfil~ i~ ~..: (1003) 'llJrt!id8\r~ 19aI~r~n ,eluTinglp.Ertliill Ifrto;llt11i!9i uiiiFIl'ct rir,(I afatifiSli~ l iQwe.r· fr~jQ~ Q~ Imel~ ill!~eOOI I~ ~ IP!O!ldi ooljJld~lli:e a layered.'!tr1udme (ree Figs. DllS-D~O ~ f,g,r!TI1:;;! ~, met~exite IffiIlgnllllli,it6, Thlswill'(lccur iUhe paI'~iaJ nnlting jjoj !fi1J'Qm<t~}~ by' tr:an~~ir;.1i'I, Tllifjiile-ti!iOl!1l1i .~ ~I (20IQ2.~ ~r~~" O~ ~reaJ, ~h~QI.!iil110Utt~le- w~'le \!il!Y~erc:f ~11le' ~1~Wl mal. (2r)1)l5.) dw;:rib;!.dl ~ Ii!lip<!iil:e kom~[~e Pcl"oiomrh!, r;tlhe!f t~ o"j .;)! fuw dk:reijl;!'tii,es, fle-.-v~ melt, 'G~,ern;illeRroviinre, il'!! 'flIiliilch '~Iral'!l parHtio~ing resnred lin Ir.o;;; ~ to tile wlde~'~l '~~iilt 01' n~'~'t'r'il;l iil th !lr~r.....tioiml of an<ll~~~I$ll;:Qdi'~Q'f ~~::;:ome in ~ r~~ aIi1d It~m~ir;g~!id ~inen;b em U!i!der'g:;I {~mpe:l,eI1I1: host, blJl tlransp:l~ I.henll W 'form ~~-err1d ~hig)1 '!.iI't'.kh ~'he
thl;l~~~rartro n 'Df a par~liaj m.~tt, whf:ch oon~rlds:~Q the, ooI1il,,:;Ioci~Ji(lo~1 of~he ~ I~auoooo:me 1(~'!(erj991, Ollv'!r ;]ltdl BIrr 19!IT}. wlhilch 'ruwcms ariI or~:n by in :!:illJ p:r!.i~riTl!6llil:ig. The 5n~.ia!1 ~ .in tJl,r1 1:tr:i'EM1oo mgrnotiites 'Cli'I lorrn ilil tile sanrnepontofl 'ofi the fr,a:::lJoliI f I~~t o st ~aln. ~a.;;a. ~fi~1;b) <lS raet ar::d ,dil<:ta'iI!~lpoe$
l(J:r $trO!m!<I!i¢ iIriO:F\pMI\:1IY i.n nil:et<1... :I~.e rngnot ~~ .;.an ) toml ln ~r~ diiietrefl~ w~':S, aIlId·(I'\ier <I. wtl'ij rflill[le of oom.d~kms Q~ :wn·;;rl!!!l~~b&!r;;.li'l,
Morplho:l,ogies 'c:haracteri5tic di ate;x i te m 19i1lalll mes
01
Thecompe!lm
I.o1JOO~meoIllfl ;;dr~i'it,. I~ tlOlt'ipelent ~[)dli!a porph!l'robIests (l'~igHTl.e!: wtt!'! rn~r~ {Eli few mll1im9tars~o C9n! Imeters lin Illngttl~, tlU!t e:iOng;i'I3' (l",maJrn> 01' 1~:;I;'~1l ~ t~Lr prcs;I,Jfl;l~I;t~{e8', Wim~~ 1!:1 al, i900. BrOWIiI ,e1 ~, 'i~ antd henee gfoOwir~ lParalel lo~lhe foliat[(m,po'O'ide ~th~r .a!!o;~pl&,
Eb!ml9
~~-IT;;d:b}
i!:il:teMIte
F;'II'~~l;ir
rea'y;Slari!l<iioo
11:1dl f:illl !10o\\l'~lIllbec"JS'i: af g
ni6'
m~l! ot;)rg!!~gga.in
b;;J.,.r~i~
ltil1!'ty i!i1lpil~wli1e~'llna
hi ebum b lfTl~Sflii!(J!il~;Y$ pr~rved

S)'ilih3ilal.·ee!!ic~rall ~ ~ general,
'We;; .. e'ly 100, A, r
O)[i\tailtlinSl" mat ftt·~bn
~t~ mol~!ell rocii: 01 IrnQn~ ~.hIa1l {Ji.:2S ii~W'Y w~,

i;l;rElssCfe<!i:es
d~fer:e~tial
t!i'.ear ,5!r:-e~,
~:h08.
1ITI9n;JilB$,
Slow
<l.
Cl,j''''~IJtE!
of
II"Ig $I.J;Ut;1.u tod loW-
<Ji1I111'GW 'Glf! he fIl~rM. Ir&<l]1111' OCOJrs. Con~1I8ntl'l';
fabttos l[il.d1I as ~OiEfi't:;)1f! Q r celi!i!p.1~tloi:1ial I~eli~m
a!p~":iI·rr"io 19ltiXlromQ irrto a pJrt tli1Jt oxlltitits !:Iwm~io
r-;R,JOOf~me .~..rd<t
t[Olliai
j'fl(ire
~,~1a', .~.j fli~"~e mgn<!t~!~~ fg'rmed
wmj:,~5i"
mi~i~es..
nBDilitic linigrna!He a"e!vEIbps EI fblliaJiolm dUB tD~lb"" • .and ~hen a!~l)tli1ler lIi.e roorlpm1iogGai l~ms:,bo'!Vln 011 fi_g,.~b' ,O! b9::0mlB'S ..~opr.iate"
Q!f !'Mi·~rl~~h.!I~~dl If!'!I,g!:l!~t!h,i~ <!r~~<!i"W by Ihe rci'~,!lk,e r,(llrm of the l'em_I'Im' s' co! paleo9:lme. r~slSlaff mlholbl1-8~, or ImiSia'los::;ma< diq::.l~rl~ In;tli'l.a
b;n1ing t!hianltlhe a:jjr09n~ nollilolyarl!d :~t~~ct~ne' linl~f\!~ of
The r¥red ~!ld
b>t .. ~ he
$(;!1QU~n
!erile1l
~1:ei1iJ;,,1iOlf! ffi-dl Ma.n$J<5ltbt11 Of orlgino'llty mOlt'Ei E!q!llii.'lt" ~m.uI.l:lom;.
~oooo:me>
a mli!!Qhl ia~r
1!i'I o!J~IOiOp~
melt, or p&1,laJl~''Cf)d.aJ!im wrH"1a!ect~ ~ ~1l!e5. At ~ai~, Im(fim&X~tD mfg"lmtill~. l,",'li d:~b;p
n~~ me,T1his,WJe t
Of !l1~!tHi'tii:e
is OOmmQri! a:tre
haJii"
sii;i!.'lllil ~r'om 1lIliQ1'1I:(!'](ilu ~:Q di<iu:o;iito rm'gm<tititS {OIi!J" ,5)13" ~::I BF¢Vl!1~'\lOO1}, ;11!> lo.',!,QlI.~ iml !~ii 1q~·!lTIiill.ifr~iQi1
18 --------------
P<!Jt 01 ~e;J;~~e m9111diies {Fig,I~~. &_~iP1e$ 01 ~,I!e!1 dia£ixlte rnjpl<1tN'iI£.~ra ~I'ti.Um1:[on ·carll be seen lfi I'll' ~ D 41:~D46_ Too· pm'p3f'ti:CN11i3f p;]Jeottli]illEt, mIlbiHJ'· ~m~\ ~ r~er !!loot ~e5 [:3 ni(jli!e5t .tt the Sl::enOff tl",e tlramition ZO~, Wlmeti9the 1000iBifailOOl1llinLllt'{'of tlh9S9' Slar'~s to ~Jil1e; dli~I,Jp!~I. The ~$ ~ rof~5 {?I~ ~Ied :~+ len,} 01 Ip3le¢s>:mte,3:e Ilar,~ arod lhU hg~ ,aopect·lr::ttiO~ u-d[D:rrn~:710W rounding ~~h" ,!!:rnd'~o~.Ithere iis (plilero aly llime lrot~~n QI ~Iie~a'I$. Aciltliffi i~IQ lfie U~-.~t~n 2Oi1Ie" <II1.d WW""'dl'~lhEl ,dl;:ie:~i!,e'&,m:<lin" tlM~[·e i~.;1 pro gt1e::;. M decr~ i!i1 il'!e Size,~1Hr a 10,and tl.l!i!l'ber Cl~ ra'r.s or ~llon(lF'~ D.t7:..[)EQ). lr~ic~!7t, 100, roJft~ .[lf1)' mom JOI,lIi1c1Q::!, Jpt;:(0l:II, ·and d~~d i~ 11~<lIk; noo~mB.. lila IleiW)ocr~1,;:; ortlcns ~~>eta!l!t h~ ,1j tlo~ ro!i!l:ton p cf61ined b-~~heorietM:m:lo n ",f pi;)J:y millera'$, ruch a:_I; tl".6
lin 11[;)e~i ered d!o!lelilof !laleo~;mle,. Howeire!', .. fo~ tiolll deI~ned bIT' th~ 0 ri8111ta iOIllof !=la,;, or 1IDtJ~ lI'IliTiill:ds., li'OO!i m,ifrlIffIoDo/ plilJ,ioDI~ and mrca, :r.quirad ,DutlingU:Jw iill 81m:qne.ttcor ~bi!l~IC SI:a:e. iis~lfttjall~' tib~il~u~ lin!ih,lllrnoo~:mne" A f,l::irw b;n::lII1i:JdlJ~' to l!<!'jarsof di!fl),e:n~
Imun~Fdogy, gf.tlii ~,
'eli1~:, :lila ~Iiel'~
of mlcN,,$! ~
u fe' oj~
b~ pr~
i1li:lY be pr,ei2ilJ but ':f:~ :5l:";Yce" D i:3te~it,e' lmigi1Jlali'L~ ",,,~'~liMiioiii<!l fffi'm ~,11I!ifi 8Jiltl :nl!li!!:ric m..g. ma ile$ ~Ilrl:)U~ ff~ i~€\~' lin ii1lIel~:ffOOl io!f!; {OF nooool'!!e: IP;l."eo~,t1ne rutbl" ilIiId !I\om ltlebUli~ies '1I1rrou,;#n Ili'Icr~ .;Yi ~n5)'nr~ecllc 5irain (Fi9-!b~, wlhiCll ~uif!1: foiF t!l!~ ctmr:;clfll'i~i'o ~lro'W-indJood foll:;tiot1i ,;wd IblClnding.A.s oi;101'llilO JiIl~.~'il!,J~ ~a, &![)W ~r)o!Il, lif ~bllt\, '!Ii:I'fa'!bi1i> lin ,o~cno:p, I,he !:e1m .•~ mo~ne:!u5, ,(!i-t!te;.:_ule'h~ been ~pii'«:llio them {lMietinertliOOS, 1B/'O'Wln979" SJllI';md t 2:00'U),; Uilrt;lrtY!'!<I,alf~ [1,1:0 t1Qt .ai!Y<l'f$too '~:e prop~ r~~""$<nJ1 ff!~ ''1i'h~Im~" II~, r;alW ~nl)o,l'Ilo~i~eo~s 1B!i;;)\'i'lil di;;dji!!!(it~ {Mehmnt 1~, &OW!ITi '1979),. gr Iheterog<lnE!o~ 'I;II'ty th;;t b being ,c!~[bed i:!;!;: OO'Ii!lO~~E!OI,!<S:, Mehnert" For dlale:dtes {full;)' :lldl BmwrI 2Q(il1} , hare SJ:till'lIlffi g roo IhollI'IO~IeDUS l'1'Ieam 11a:ki11)g1ft'!'ia1lon~,and he o6ined 110 ,<I ~etm ·hgIlr'lOph~lG' ~~~i;;;jLy ~~r Hi~ gi;o:lel!;tt~s; tyl'.;-s <iiiI':! :ore~wk~~r Hl;a trr~tt;J!I! '~fglil1 maet,a!~ite I~QWln ,n9"79~ ~~ IIJ:sW Ih"rn:;lQeneQ'Ll~ .:l ~ rlJ.ojm~1 eenee, in to di~e~lrt.,. whargeOlS SCII:;r a'l'd 6rov!JJn (2!lO!~ 1J~lll ImlmOH! ,oia fIl;:;llr· 5ehUtirrll'C.1ir!ilgm at [ile,s 1I111!te wel,a'eveltYped fb'!l'l"iJlldtJced IP'holog(:.o;iJ'00 nl!!r.(t '~i!), me[¥] 1la:frjll1gS'l11011en~oohlteren. ~ri.\'¢'!~r~ i~Qi¢;;t~ t::~lr~~M plal~'!!;I~' elQillg3;1;I (;I1im$!', Ot!~M i~r~()rs Ml'8 kltrlld .ri~ p8~lrt'!rogcal ~'5, mc'~ oomlilOO:nJ~~i'o! i~e. tiL~t fII::.o si!1i'm!lli1li~e,. b p[~clare.. dlverEi.'!' Wilhil1l, i!r!dl aTIc.lIg, dia:liE!o)(i1am'gmiiilitE'Si in ioor~ on hc;pyrQx:a!'lf.il,and arnphlbOr.;.. U'lot ... a ~Iad a:)Jrte~1e1'1 vid~aJ !lJl!l1,ecHcterranes and h8ite., ,aocord1ngt'{. ctrJ'3ell to ~he a!illJl!ll\;tr is ~%'ere). The' mic!o~n;;l~r'eJ o~ lidl.lier'e!1 !;iJb;;1Nk:I!e djali~;ile mym;d[te;s, on a pa!tOI'o~~ ba$ls.,e,,9., is S10WIlI IlaI&.; il1 SECI~n F; fi93' ffi'MF100 1R1I'~s{H s::Ii;ad· the mtiit-rkLh! Md r!;isitil:ai dJi.tLmesoi'So.v~r {!99a} and iBnI IDllpa'mm me,ti3!'lS!.8f h,tlOOr.og,s8, ~d imislMO!iI;]!l19 ffi~ the I~OOCl,:lrc. li'.e&i!:fai It o:r;d liriIelaooarali'c diil:e)!;I~Jemig. be pr~nl!, but tmey aie far lessabundml: tiiIM in s:oo,l!erJ Im<l i~e~of MiklrDl 'BI ~a'L ,~~m.()f)_ migm:llil'8&, as,ca']llPe, ooen rl1llF\~, D52-4DS6,.1iih,e ~ ALlif1o~;;t o'!ll ,diO!t~c~i1el~igm~i~~, intdL,!ding~h~ ~1Ier;] WId froM :d!o'IIo?,1i! !il1!gmgj;~e ~ ~hl""r,jc rngm!li~e i::,;, y~ ~ IDN!lef~ 'o!aF,jeties. oM3rn i~oocrail~ p1lcli1,e~and 'v,elm. r by' an iu:r:e<&lln [lhe flIi!enfr.~tioln, or !:l.ffi5IJmelpa1eomme' ~Io (Ria- 1b),;~tF~1fIh~ iiI ~IB ,l!t.f!!C~., mM:1ilrtg o~ qtI~·t.z, M-I~~~" ~ pl~kKi~ tlh~ ;:pp~ to Iw5la~e tllie liiri~miic: f~&1.io!ii! Md Hew Slrue~~r"es,n i &nail QI,I~~DP~D~ ~nollls:il~, ~8rio:: mig~.i~~~efldl ~o tOOirrilI~,s:"~I'I.alll~ .~ wm.!lt19 ~h;a, eorrr.o~llioill o~ them, 1tiIJ!W aP"'J';;IIt:d'Iisrn beiw8'iln ~;w o6lOOs'o! le!IJioooome, wins al'j lpa1.d1es [has beenl iin~~~:ed, tile I~oo~me' ~[~r!!lm,~q rdl·r itin I~~ IFkiW,f)!ji!r. II~rr o!ill~qq;i$ rflpr'EI;il6nl~S fr\1C:1iol1l<lH!d m~ ~",~, ,callfldl re8idu;MImBln. a iil!j!::tli::tlly ~t(JW rej(ms Whet!;! I:M fO~i::ljQi1 mdIOOill1POSlIt;H<II:~~~9 i~ 1~~$'~r]Miii1J llif!~~~ Im~l~ t~.~ m $ Ilto;!y ~I to,ndi b-md!rt;i o:r llafet'ilrx;[I<f'8'HunmEd .m a low aIld9 lby Md cr>\5!a!lizeu iit!er iipplied Clillereillii"51i'ess, 'tlhe ~ysl:as grOY,p.$, 1;;1,:>imil"'"!Qg~ing., <i!tho'ugIl '~ii!ef~!1 a1ighUyImote iin thlDrlll bceome :;ii~od, g'llil1g the rod!t;.a!ohkm [000 000, Iw=;;ti;ic ~1l'~!'~f$; IM_~~Elft(i,ooe:) r~f\fj!T9d 10 th!lsa, as tiO'! :5,~).A Jrafflewt.l1k or ~ol.!.Gt~ing 'cr-yl>!<i~ d~etop:!> W~l1erEl' inh!:~p~ltt!tr:lti~ f,COt'i'r'iiS. ntIS'!! :'lructl1l~~ <!ifti 'I!M~ o~ alf.ltOll~"'ln riid~ ~:he fndtol'l! Qf ma«t lbe!ow ;W~j~C'A. syIiI-IlfI~OI!~ S1~!if ~ln~5; or ~1~W !(:!i;~!iilll\Yi~i~ lin U',e' If .dIetlCltiffl<ll!ikm co!ltirnu~, !.h!!'! !t'a:n~o:tk then. d!tlr()ltltif'l~ h~.pcrtiailly lroolij.CfjmCik, ,;:00 <If'O' ~,ob;:HIi'due IIJ.!lilo pCI'li- '~~l~YsJ~;. <il'!d 'Ii~S Cf~<I';!5gil:i'J:;am5triL~~~~$!g ~ hleh t !;;tni mgl o~ ~t~arll l:~ll0 ~[i)el ZIOno;o,$wil~ tM li'lig\e$lifrOl:'t;Oll o~ the, evolved(lroo~bnite1J lnel~. [oC;lioo in l he in.tl3f~~ mi;l!t. rord~~' d~fop in these w.earzpn~~,illl wb!ldi ~, Oj' Hie endo!ii'ril if<.mework of ~ys1~5, mig"O!S; ~;;totlhey ~~iC3Hr Ihme a ~eafh-nke gec:rn'lffit'Y. gJU:O SlN~UrQ:O <1'"6 w-eli known fmm cr~:~I[2irg gr,;;(]ll,~ o ia~exlte !l'i!llun at It:es,III Fi;j.!,~, ~pyt he fu~ rra;::;:bi'i!Q~'1iT10~ of tlruo:i, lr,;c~kl,n Qj moll vor~!:li r:J1l'1'_bt~ p;Jt p ~:Ii¥,w~ tltlCY 3'~ oomin<1iiOODr UOOfDl1fl<:' .(~. D57-DfQ). and tel· ~ ~I ~~~rrne' we rare" or ~rt. f'r~-~~.i~ntemlirg ~rooture5, ::lIdil t\I3,fo!iatic)Il"fo[:d~ ,mjllbed:ilfig. OOOJ~ onty
~~"g,. Ojl~!l'1 !!t ~', ~OO[I, f"bf1li.aI;<ll"I~, .h 11fl~d ~~!~;r. 1~i(). Gieol1lli:et ~'icalty;,ti'ler~r'e,' !l~ 11ii~ oj li~~OOm!i' Irli39'lllfible~h(lse in menltexi!:e mlo;Jnali~'e:'! tMre 1ill'l!ll'1l mdl lin ~.2, oot !h.~-~dl~r9li' Inl rnI~Clr[jhoi:Ogy that ~1iIe· tmel!~ i~ ~epletj,ed hw~~a"Oul:1'dtlilrn1 ,~liIno' g~ner~l~ me!OIlTt;lq~'ic! bocaJre they .are ,dominated by re'k::~ar'fi
.JL!lI~1::!J
------------------------------19
I~
rM
High st raillil! amt ~!iJe 1mQr pf!O'ogy drate.xlte mli,gma!tues HI91 ~~
of
$(rl'!illi! 11~!iid~ ~e1f<'!1e be~te! .~igr!lne-.n~~ to '01 mir;er.aIs,; roi~S (0 riid'irJllen) ,;Ij P<l'oorome maeriilll aOOl '01
wuk;ll i~db-ale' t~ li~1bs <A'e r~lIl~ of nei bss 01 melt, ooa .~hit hil!1'Q8S.,iJ!~ 1Ile1 gain o~ nnelJ. 'wh'ic!hi lis confirmed by 11M ~~e s~pmifllle-llt~.ti~ Brrrud ,eI Ill, {:l1f.m4}.,
Me1a!e.~ite rnigm~Ute5i imi whid1 boo[es ·01 ~~mEl ",;e. ~miffi1;ed p;iliill!el to Ih~ wJiiIiJ planes l(lf~n'.<I'latectIC !o!(t;; ~,PDill' 'l'Cj IbD '!tIJf¥ roIT!imon (Erg, IEDcrmillll 1973,. HI<lJOCI mel D irik$~ge,2', BrQrl'!'n!994!. \lemon ~ ~;e!'~ n ~on, b!!t ~h8)!' ~II ql!i!edM:tiroo IiI'!~pe-;;v'&108, ~n tlilE! m~G'r~yQUM EI:(~M; ~.Iha:. nOM! Ml!!iTI d~iOl!dl,the btKIli!$ of FetJ,t;g· some a'O thinl, ilOM)Wl)oth 1m3"gins~ hid! ~ct·lF<1iOs" !Hio'!'l'G\iGt, iill OOmE) ,~ ~I\C ~iltJiQ!lB:lm~ ~mJI<lion i:;;~lhi~r ;m;!IlFilore~\!~t, wiH~ irveg.!lar Q!dli~; I!;J~· ~6 t'1!!l~lo/ ,alro ooa"ret' grali'lool Mel~mlll'18 j,oJ ·€IlJid€lllt ~ClI.!!Xl tlit~ II~~~I i" oorll!~~ b!."t .~[ll in,oth" er~. In~mel mgn..t~t~ the- rew,-;C"!1ilm!! iinH'te ~i\;J.IIpl;;Y:]ei1;; I{,fe~·tikh com,~~1 t.o ~1iI~1~13il11in1l: elscwli1,~~l~ ~~, ·~~'n 1004}, .~ K-tlk;h ~~r;n~ pr~!i!'I~:t'1 W~
delil/.ed! fllO 11111 mfitoc,tic melt:J wilh evolved roll1lJXlst~f1S
the :r.lllieftli1 in, dittllxlte mgl'rtaJ itoo IDsbtiT\.3! iOIf! dUf1rng ~y.51"!iUllionl ,eal lea;I ~ID !.Ifi~ ~~:~11i 01 the r~ rna}: ;!JfId to U.anGlDffiOCII'l {fI,,g, Figs; [1621 ~(j DM)'; llhll r~IW~<tIl;f1!ir'~IW~ wmmQ.!i!ly IPfO~ well'·d~FJ~ p..-,a)Ie] plilfl~Qf fOli:a;lionl OJ'wltn~i~I1a11 b~ing.
3.,Bl\iigmaUte morpho' t:he metatex.i~e-diatexitt

TWo of Ihe li1l\ilJllli~iieSllructur~
g~T
defilfled
by M~t'lIeI't
(1Q6a~.! elmI aldl f\) ldad, al9 dliffel19n1: f~!)m U.a, o~har' t"JPQS v
de~iDea w I~ ~~tihey
i~Jco~h lfl1et<*e':o:its' ~
di~s::dil@ mgnlltiitlls.lih8 !Jfinoip.llI ool'1llmllr.!lij~lh8ITIOJplilO I· oglf '01 fok:ll ~rjj[jtl!J~·a:::iI iii Iffrji:9itltdlll~ i,s lilie maclijj;j!SifI, lb)" vitha. the fo[(ls ~Ormed, 3IildI ~:litlsIS.~jllked I,'.} the rrOC1ion01 rni'ht preser,t, aid to U'lla ~on1!a, r ~.r:netry, 01 Ihe afjll~t· o rOpy preren1. ~n u.e mflJillalll·E!" l!riI me!I;",,-e_:{~e miw,aii~e~
w,h9r"€l' p;;ioooollMoomiircdlls,ioi!Js ad;
;J::;.
~=
rnighi folrm
by I[}JO·
b:,d;,ling, bul jill d~",;o;i,t~
m9n8:l;1!Bs,wh~B
~he,ru'lds. rm~' kiflm ~~r.e Q~ !!bw InSl.Dllit~e:>~,(I'i IP~'09 ~raw fol'd:;)_ V!B.in mI9fllClli~!!s' Ilocw· ever, .~~~;il'9j!;'!![; !Ilieir Imo~'lJtc!'llr(ia'11'5 ~fl!~O!r~d lIlY nO~
!IE!O!iI}!ili1:e' dlmimaes"
m~ wa::.k:n, bu:i I;.y theo1bi~ity oftihei'r ~st to fr~;!.:n'l'. ~~I'!ci' b~i briltl~ h~ ,diMllIl!: f\f~1!l.C;, ::JJ!.dJ by Uti!: t litrlJing; Dr of the \ieilimg prcw$lf'~~i1,~ tO~he IFast of !he :W)<!le-.;!Jo::
i1i:j(lf~;
'l!ihrd~dwa~p ~ lew ~.~. o~ w';lex ~ 'ger:.era!y hl!\l'e mO!iPIw~g"'$ ~11<t,1J'!!l Oll!1trollle:d by the ~1e!l1Jl.i';!'e diff·er· ~ in ~fi!1lpete~-..:y ~!wee;i! nl~ r<fj'efi> ~fi) tihe- ~!iF~. lin ~'EiI~M!lty i!!\lOOlrmpeterrt ~~ tlh.e fo'!ti'!: in the p;liOOro1l1l16 aile :slmllar' t'\!'iP8s,. but Ii Ithsre ai'8 tlIlOIi! ffi~pt!:hml r<Yf erE:, bl!F.:kla ~par~leI~ folds. !lil~ d1ave1Cip {!EEl Hgs. 1!:1i-EBI'. LllU'ia;) rok:li~\:;!'Jrme 01 I.he liIlIet in a mi$p1lali~",mi~a:e5 into dilal.;¥I~~t~II"" d'~!Qp .<IS the Iold$ '9'oOw, rasul:t· ilg in I~CQ~m(! i!ll~hi;! fukJI hrnga~ ililid padrg~ ~I;l ~ belweffl 'the 'fc lded lla'jerlm:.J1 <£<1\:111 lanar She3t, Of lin in p ew-al's dia-'o'eloped,Orl tl1BfollC ~mb8_If roiTIpete-:rtt ¥8 me pr'~nli them the FIlell '\!!I III ,alro ()o::upY tlilie alT~ ol rld'ial r\r~t[jfe$·I.h;;t m~ d~op ;around .he bid n1nws In thEl.'I';e ~rs (CQI~lilis WId Sl.\Iyer1006-]I. AI :tlhis st<!ge, theil, !Ihe oo:ntml on tliig. distribLJrtiali!o~ !ooooro mil [!i $mtar tQ ~lh9 dil;:tiJit 1i!1~~(l:o:i~El li1l9nojilosdLa:;tJ$Irl .<bo~Er" :~rd ~\!'es!i~OJ'$ (e-QI,. AlIi!x!:ne andl Nll}rrl"'.119~. OQ~li~ ~ Sa,q~er 1900.) ha.!9 oot9di tina! ~1n9i'9 iii ~me'raU¥ mo te ~9l.I' oo~lIT1e J1 1:1i'..efoik;l hirngeMM'l QtHlfief0nd ITJriM;tMfildJilgI
FQlld~$I.nJe!lIrl~
fnctiO!ilIS '!lff
f1I1e~. it! .~ ~ea-ty
iii! 19lftlllt Re:!!,
to. 1~;;d1.;) r;:It~~li~"~.il\ W ~ OOI!'lCl3~ r<t~f!$ oj !1a1 I~W!;Clfr1El'~ufd bEl'1cJ~·ed ill ;J;o;fal~f~· h~ !Olilllbeen fiI mmmversiai pi)~11t aJiIlO~l1 SI.~lJl:1ma! goo ICiJi:sI:s ~~Of~ ir;g.mllrn~i!e~ I!;i-Qwrl ;fIhi;i I~~~r {1~~ ~I Var'r]Q!1 amiCI P.!ters:ln (~f) di~ '~lllIis~mUe~_ ~ellon ~.1199t5)· ~ed~ha! tine ~'Ilf.W 01 mmett ~n, tma limbs QI .. fol¢1 is pa-rai!!;l1 to the, !~riing <td no-t <D"Q'S5 i~ hUiS\ the lifl_eIt ;;1 !rom batlh '1llanks ~5&1Illy <n:tI1fIu'llIIes, aI ~tl&. In~arest 'o,ld.liimea, whare ¥f4ptlrdlBl ~llb!l'll is. ifI.O I!jlfl9BrpDiSa~leCc ~.lJell!tl~ .~ l1lel~.either ,~u!al.·es. he in ~lie Iililige"or 9100 mugl 18~ :uo 00=00, lia['8rill1l!1\ is, In a dirootion .hal l1~i!y 3..!tpornUel ~o~lh~ a;.:;i~ pl<Yle olllht:! ~olt;'LW h!i!f~' eci<;<l!liiIined ~If in 'the field; Irmm(j' tQdj~ o~ ~eoc,mome eh!IDrii:l!l-di at;, tll!:fuill pI~ <Ye, lin f~., lmo,t ~'; ~lhey <Ye 0 t~enled :~ as IQ crO$$ beltli f'OH limbs.
owing ~ernnml i,9As, ~r~ j,reg, !McL4!1iii 1984), Ir.tMl l1Jj~iEId~llf,~ Wr;e~e~iM' r[.~diOll Of mel!: r~ and e:.icee:l\"l·~ m#!tlie ~ ~Ihr~.holk!l {O.2tl-!i)!Il,]I, tl1a'\9 is,a IPl"""gr,9SSioll~ ~Irom pI~"c~lim:i~ fo·[g$·tiQ nor~fi[;[riC<!!, oo~ ~f$.. &lima i~j~ms, (fig.,
VI!' ~nnQ.&m~dsl'il6:J:,
h;rroolllfc ti!jrrf~
oonll"J,I!.Ii:E!d
iyr;:I!;!;;(1If lb'ds, wi~:h

H~We\i~t:. lii'i~
cleca l!ameffi
djrot1:~1'il"; W!IT'Wl!lO!l!y ~ernaJIl15!l'5tem~i;; ~g Slj~31I'g1 [O~l!ier!ow inm:ji(iIn;rnoLI1Ih,lold .goo·ll1QIlrios {XJmrnKlnl'll'ld~cI'op\

blMwlll.m ~I!l'i!!! I¥t~
that a study o~!.tie mboo tUCltnl~ be ma::!e· ~\)de1""nrnil~il'whethef .~ 1c11t!iF:'; OOil.![red W!1!O\!'I ~ille rr;,d!is he oo~t~m:ed ~ h~ fm:::I~mI '01 meJ'!! Qr Wh;ffl~~ it OOQ;:!JlrlPed ~,sr.<t locw·E!f~'>ra;;j10 n!; ,o! ""ell W:herl tfle rod;,'$ cwe-:reorysIt. is il~lpomu ~:;J]lizingl or w~liio;
~1ie";1fB~
fufdiFfgll;)Ct;l.JIJ'fW
on.lilr<:!l:y
in
t!liCl!lQ~id
all UU~ Int~t It!at1CI')t!li allil:ed. nit': latllr,. il~'o:mr\re"
<Ie loldgd IfIilgrnl"~.es ~
Ii(lt~I-~r'lJl.01J,red
irnligfll'~ itiEl$.
Vei~uhuc,t'i~ted rnlifima,ti~es (i~ E9c....ieI14~ oo!1il:an one lOr InnOrii gEfn!31<iboo {)if dioca rOOlrt, ~OOCi:31 le vei:ms
(a~ gfmil'ic,£tmoDi:dlU.. of ~OUl:t;tE rnwpoStio!IJ~i w!i.1l
o,f
~:trQ~.ic
mel<tiS_de
,3l'Id G11,Pta
(,11982), .bhamnll.g
mg!mtiHesde~bed by ,.b:i1<11n~ {,mMtl}, and .blhanll)£!S '81
al. ,(1f1OO,]. rrm ~IiW,~, :~me ~,f tM

~rs ~,~
are ty~ ::'iJJJ)et[L!lf!p:)seoOn iI'Iili ell!ieT Ime1~e_!(ite er alate:w:ite mflIign.<iilll lI1Ilofph.o~bg'l'. AI 01 the ~s '!l,f YQins,or OI1J), oneg,j' !hem, ITIi1.Wbet;!!efurm~l, but O':lmmQ:rJiy tlte' '!Jt.ln~ se! COLrl!>i!>lscfiJrldef,cormecl pj:an:<litroctll!r,Miliing:'l tlhal. poi.'tdJItl tlCIt!tlpeiit:. O~(fl<1ie;(i~ andl ~Im!lp~ IP.rodlJictlon o~ .<ll :meitfr,tJitioili! inl~iIf!elf ic1QSl. InlefJe.51:~1 tn!cmstr~~oturaJ
re!';:frr;:mmip!.; n~ $;Ime ra~~c!~a~ihoir beBI1I r~:ned hollli'l ""Bin IIiI1[gm;liiliK. mir,eral~Ofieflied ueirt~ ~~t<W'!, tlf,Eiin$, oj' m~iC
a wry !:Ugh p!'Qp:llfffil~: '!Va;; oo;f~, iiie.,
HOm!oIl~mr:ne,.
wtidiJ!lJ~S
Ilia
n;P1ln."~-:>li01lJilibch<Ii''i:lr; IFar ~.~
1U!l1~, pg.rn<!pS Inl3 t.!:Jlk
ro.mpo:J"
HQIl W'<!$ Qj:ll:iill<ltifo f <i. W:f ~ l!1i\1t! flroo1,i~!1 .01' melt 110 kl~m:,
6XMlpteS w~lh 8J
too
II¥f
~I!
a::1ed1 ~. 01dilltd!.<lMt$inK~tlI,oVi n~ n"f!~t ~t'Q:m
n~
frmtlolfl of melt, the boom
w8J!r~ woor:o<JS oth.ors h;;wo li!l)!fcitic:illly IPfCi~ ~.m'Cd $!.~lEIl~l)I$frQ,m tlir!cir walll\Oc*<$, ColI~fwIl,ly, !Ih~' mia'oc$!lrll!!)tl.lre-s m~ rndic~:& ~nJmi!)!1 ih!IO pan I<IIIY !11O!ilJerJ
w;:tl!lirrcli;s. ar.d eroao nel the \/€iin wOilos,,;;u;;I he mei~ Jimv.ed
('Aft~dil 1il1lE 1:]:¥)\!1Id. At arulf,kromlY h~ tr,~ion (If Im.~I~, rm'~"<l'!r~~lb'W ~ a~J ~ limB II'fG'f if ~t~ ~[ml:!G'd (~.g,. ~yer!900}. AtMo\~1~ :s:<tto'rQ, ~nA\«~~ia,. ~ :m:r\6~ 'oloIer;& Io.w ~d neither fbw nor oogr,~tol1l 01 tile' Im~i~~romJ
th~~l!d
rr~ltoll Q{;(IJrredl
(Gt~n:taid ~t a
~~, WM~ ,el ,!lI.OOOO]; O!J'n~Jeml~ the net;)~m~ ,1",,1>'; in ~ihe vein ~.Br¢wn ~894. ~Y"lr e!",,1'91J!S', ~,Iar a'1d ,MIs:J~ ropicawe;rmoe '~e!gl.,.IFIg. BIn. £ro",'~ 2D{U~. W iderde!'~ w~ih r~'" Q;)m~dt[ollS are rar~l!i' ,d~pl1:dlalO!l!ird di~HbH. IIRIC':OO"~.I(l:\I!!:111S. 'lI"M lafi1l1! ur~ !If!iwru''i~ao" i~ i~rQPtlla1j~ <IS I~ do9'S Olil tlhe ,ot her .hand, 1ilOIf1FOio\i m~ic, .~~ ... ~1iIe·ej~ of Inot r,e-:I~ to ;;Jl~' Prl:l~~ ,~i'l@ a"~~im.Btile' 1.Q'FIi!1,;:tiQn of the ve]1'L~ twe l.rery com!lilQFllffim,e5, 'ru1d these Im<t[ h~' H~ mrg.mti~e~ Rlm:.I1ernlOroe. sUIJC1J~res SIX::11 all,beddl~ ~(lmfl~d a'>.alr~~ 01 afll~lcm h'Ilh"'~9IlJ It'';lw;;liI~Qd<,C$OIld g;IT (D~p;:!~th~ii:aI layerul'lg I h~ <r~ 01k:i8 th~ the p;!i'tral tihe inj&e~ed melt, O~ w~lh:m :;qlJ!ltJCU:9 ftu:d deri1ted from mel(ing are 51illl pfef;E!~vedllil'la. wl!iiefe!ltfrn;lIDI~ ~the;refore, tlhe m!M_ 11118 I';u:; (Ji~ a 1i)ll2lSS b~ lb!tWMfl H~' ooIUIT,l!i' ~l~or9'" ~il~ met~exiti! l1t)~at[~es, Co n~~~JlItlli', o~ tTitlll~ ~n ths' vein and ~ hewlUtJ;ls 0.1'maJieri.1 1m I~;a, mp
co
c:eri~ FIl:ai~~I~
{'Gr ~e:!i1:ual to;rde:r}
i:H~'lidem.ce that
t~'teflliTll·bodt~
mfgmditeT' oL9rt~o I;:.e~dornei;l"
tlho<llmQI~wa.; IlICit d~rult,}d 1110;) its ImmOCilaiiQhost. biJ! w.as ~ll inj~jed\. tt is, im..lXir~antl!tl d!eter~iLI1i";hal:~!he~cltiITi t~~ ve!~s belo.ng:; to the &IT1e arl:ll9::1 Ie !B-\le~ as '~Ihe rniQIT0
tlites, Hlme :"""in5 babrcg ~o ill. younger ·veirn-~.rUiJI:iJted migm;;ti~'8.
E!\I8tU;
tOO.nl tns' 118'l'liIl
m~~j~e'
ooes ILQt
~pi't';
it
A{Jllatite w;:tj\ dell~ed sed'erioorm {1923~ ,8:5 a Il[>::t.; bot ""'11th"1ri\1llrWJilt:s ,of O~eI' lrod!: ceI1fiI$1lIt~1 Ibygr:;l1lite~" and '!Va'S rega'ded b~ ~mbo beO! !',;P'e OJ n:I9-nEllite, H(]'~ever, lrocks J:lalc!"J:ng tlijs: liJeru[w::« lor! ~ he fO~llildarOlu:!llrl ~1iIeuusinl,l\u!Ivo ro!!milr~-rock5. oodies In. Ilow<grirlo, or UltL'l1ot~'tfki0!Ed IBrown ('~~g,7;j}""Due:jJtlha ~i"e5 a,~ Ino~ llI1[gm.iW,e::<, nd91o~1d b4I ,e<IirocJl a irnrlllsiia.1iI breccias.
[$. iii. Veil1ed
:3,,9 De:scriJpttivleterms
sllou~.dbe abanwmed
mlgli!HI~tlte 8edded
'that
at (l:ilSI)),
Co_~~!ltl(y., t~elt"rrn ·~;:tit"'"
,ousht
1Q
oe·;;b.;J:r,doileO.
wasu$i!Jd by GrI~~.ilfield ,i!!
~ W hl!~ ,E!! ;31, ~20(0) ~Q ~a~!I:II~' rnigIn~:!:i:tlO$ ilf! the Iilei::I:;ome, amd tile ie!lJloorome ilfl partDAia"" l!Ile
'Ii!ladl ~Ocel'~ain g!IIneraliy II"te~$ ~~ a lpatt~ ..., bUlkool~pe;sl~ Illf1e'1~i.1.~;liImllpie:9 we sI'lOWIfl in ~,
wrP::!l
00111'
IPtygrrlEUlie WI tgnH~!m~.~ Tille f(.~m<!iiOlfloi pj,)'gm<*i¢ rold~ rdlloct.s' 3. partklJl<'l'oombi:.l'l1ltio:n 01 'I;'Q~ ,m Ihc:it ..r.o;;:):;
1~r1,
)1[1, 81'7, Qf exan·
~
;;J
oondd~r~' the 1P:1l:}f,Cme. h::w

~
B1Si,UEI e(!;<IWl~s d~rbe!J1 !11i!M n~efa1~radi~!w r~ if! ~p9rtiQIi!~.~ m9fph~lGgy

and e~ed<'llty
plE$; ilm cIo!ihktilhiOlIPti!loorNOln

(Il~; .~~9t3iil ~I;!I!~IP n,
Q' li1IeaS)1i!'Ie1$1~eIa! Ivel~' arruBlI l

in. ,d~~...,~ ~ru.d.lUes
too
I€:iOCOOOIll1l e.
&Jrnlf:
ttl<t ~e; InClt ~lt::; ~~ it is mmmcifl '~lhl1; oot ;;:tI tlil~ Mlr.:I~ oj l!ltiIlmlll1l~ if;! <I. p<rliouliI OLJItct'e'Pd]~b'ji lp1pn;j:r.::: tord~ 1!!Xl, Th!01e!Qre, H1I<!~;efm "ptflIN'ji!jC' Sho~!d be r~~ ~i;) ,d=riba tho st)'fo(l~loikli~9 di~~ by eomo lx¥1ir!;of 1!e!,!~$On~E!. and f}Ot !,Is;.::! to d~ibe tl1~ :O\~~:a!u ~norl;:lhol~ ag~ ola m~M~'~"
propeni~
(;';llndJitioli1$
~mSlra'tl!
I!TlJgnn1!lites Mi.1N!OWr,
IIeooo~iflil'e Im<te~iaJ Icc:tedl
Ophthallmite
~i~~
.0 rori~nl:ad
~~~~dwftn
However; htw
to liloomma.
in olhers!lhe iii! w1'lich h:!· lliI~i~aIil.d tlhQ rg~uu~,
pa'"aJlellto~he l<l'jEIring pl:l!1l1i~ ml;)~Q~!I1!:1I~elr HIss been ,et:'I1:1fely oor:tl.lerled

typi:ialfl;, lOr
(l00ell,ar~
11e!lt~II" ~.~. rug,::n
d1..,.·~t~rI~
Imigmatites, re oa'ined t1y~ he P~~I1(:8\
!by Mehner~
,(i~ ~nl,Qr
~~e~
'01 ~rybr~ mi~er"<l$, tJ.~>lf!y' 01' 'ro!oIoul~ 110W be died PO~IPh.y~<;].das:s, ,and til€'
IIICt ~eg.iIed!'
ii'!' ,.;i1~1;ooS3d·S')'fl'fIfI1
Nieverth!er~ orfjFl 'r,m HIli'

~r!l:;l~
bo~h
Ol·tlh~,
..tJ
noooo liIlii II> plm~I1~'
in which 1Ii!l~i\i!'!9
feft~e·, tlh~
Q~~.~I
~~~,
are,. tlherefore,
exa::1:Ii!( a!1IaIogliUS~O
i;Ji~r!;!,t~: I!'!'~J~ the ori!tlTi
11~lkiJ11.. ~~e$ \ljO!Y;'~1 ~cISflJJP!ed,CQ!;l'~-g<! i'I~ quartro!~:1lh'l0 II~& rn mditlnn, the rmks t~icalli' Ih....'e' a :$I:rOIIi'lg l]:llan<r Iabt'lband, rn 9:)rrne ~6bii"l!Je' w~a!)' fo[~ion:;, wlh~, tdl_~~ tl;l~th~r! at"e ~ fiflej:riJ. C2l tyequ!!o'alent to 'C' pI!~ '8 IpiIan€!S,Il1IdI .!tIea!' bamds;
re%JecHvefy, ~ the ~;ilJ~J!CI~r:e'ol,!:'p~thallrnit:e rn~~lites, dQ,Si3ly r~nnb~ II'1r1lf,a,uind in rnru'l'j roar'S8l.,v {iI':';'Sl::,Hn8 rocio:G&rf(]'tlITHKII t(]· Ihisn SlF8:rn.:. mmr Iifliglill,but ~rrd!lla, u temper!<'IJ.Ul'eSa!liJ thai: !lJave~lIem~ ~.md'er;,plile~lIfIile reays1<JJJur,:m. Th~Jefofe, th€t ophlhjmi!<ilsli~iUC~!U ra eernm~nJ:y refle¢1j·~ po~"Oinotectk> rmJ'~ \~....,~em:~ IprQQ~$, COll"i~-eIliiI\i; ophjh<fm~as ,~,e rliOl' cnignn:il1e: aJlhcugh tllM' IPfOltlliHI ~-~' Ihrnt! been... mi~ite, m ~~I;ey' <l!~ beUer 'cdif.ld ~ll gm~ot c!asIom~loi1li[e5.
metOlSollJlaii.m is now t;Oll5'd'ered to be an impo'rtant,
lubiq-
uilous. or I1~Y IPrDCtiS ifI cru~,l11 amle;;::Is, ~tlIDL.(tI I hara ill'EI o~lnar viErw~(,e-9" ILitvooo~y .a.'iId IFOdI~lii~ofDV '1900}. Nerertlf!~ !Ih.ae at;e '9Jrrt!e Iill!fglf!6Jiil:es'o\IliIen~' inf!ltrr:rtiIIDn matowm.a:,iSlillI h;JS pl"YQdl<I ~lfio:al.1 mis, rnd th~l!il,r;;Q] in~}otwo, blood 9fO~ {~} tile if'9'~,ol ~~I;l$ Uu'iJ mo ~~: ra ck.~.tITd (2) me1~mai if.linI priof 10' anSlie:!:if; I nat d1<11i-gocl (irmlptlilV6d~rrocklertillitt
4~1
lin.~Ii\rt!' (iir:;! mri!i!f ofl heIWen!Je1i1 'CI!U'i~UI~, ~mrf1!l~ IUnll~of r-eaSJ:lrunr" o:l!llt~lbUte;j1to 1M iid~a i!lai: ~!UgS,a;:-~ru~~t~ tc tho gID91i'3liict"iJ of grril:)~ ~ mgm~~~ E1r"S:, hQ ~ 'o~lnbn 01 !hw~ [19~i!i, ll00~) ttl!<'t ,~ani1[C ili'I';gtna. ~(j~ QIC'ty b6brmed tlll· the ~im. 5Ii~~, '!;If I'h~ ~r:..;J;tfQnOlI r.'I'~aJ, c Iila!olll .of a bmluc inli'9""<:1 ~rlllu;e:rlC~ m~ ~b[iSl.s !o !:;lei ~ t~~\OIi. ~e '!1OJ1n~ rQdI:"~,~y~lobl,Jmga.ntly I in, ~I~'!d i!.1',&OO II1!'1aj' 1001 be lrIiI:Jl!Jrn~[e.. Seoord, oi;me.r~:;d:~:l!ls!rom 1lf!000W !flfff~ .~e;Y~ltQ ~,'W" 91a:::1.-l(lIlItii o:mta:1ts be:t~Eleon,!ITlIet,!l;IIlorp!;l!cn~'~ ~ 'grat1it~ .:Jtidl Wo}JEI~~erp~lel:ed.~ ifi.dicanllg an in situ, Illornilll~mlllliD U~Or~;:IKm .. The Yliew th<ler~lt~ were- I,O'rnme1)i Iby <¥i'I ftl, ~t!) t~an~It'" matiolli 'I,!,I'&l!strllngttilierl1lldl by the lilHlirnQ,af flr'~ell1:s i!lilId $CI1eetil$o~ me!~i!l1"!aIlIO!iY ro~ iWi 91ani~e-o; t~~ $111 re'::ai.nedi lli"!e 0 rte~tai-o'fl 'Of tiite rockl;: o~~o;J! he 'g'"aI:lite (M1is::h 'l94S\ PitcneI'1952) .. irilirdi, wioo[e.lrodk ,~ch.elni· cai d<lil:a~pBar,ed 10 ~.~ ;a'Sifstama:licIncif'~ .of 9"Bllitic co:mponenl:s w~l'llOO1'easii191dep!!iI {l~u:-Har'!Pffi 194-5~ andl tlhll ~:.:[Iltoooo of ro~g'tio~ ~irom:Ginl the IlIlgj~ ~rphib rGd!:~wo;:!l li]'iIig!iTl,,*i~~ ,<l[I;II!;!i'OCll gr~_~~; Uilb W,<J;!> !fnerpretoo es e'ltdellQil (i<f ~ he 1iOO'~'erm;enl gi<lni!f·ma.;.!1i!g1 o~ m~Br--s31<I"1dl,Ci~ ( sr~itlizzd!lc-n,} in th~O\'llst OM~I (sq., i'errimi ooa A:luca~t '199,7, ~939')ar!)lJeQl Ina: llhe mOIire" moot of Inn<torial o.oolmrOOb~ dil1iu~nJ illl UIQ-ooIlid {dr';'l 5Ii,ai:e, h.er~· ~.heother (e,g.Sedarhom l'~:2G" ~uCi!d w 19>1!..i,Mioc:li1l '19~9) OI"gMi th~ ~l,.!!3Qw~t.Jids mo'i'&dllh!i mi'ltetldl, Mtl.rr·Et8Gt!t1il.ly, Kolfzhlnak!it1OO'1:) ~ted tll_ two It1 iii! efn al i\ie5· dilflfU$lOln mle'UII90m aHmI .iD!J Infmtr M ~on mleia5IDm;1It iiml, r~oc~i\!Oly,
~qutln~.:!ltS!i~lI-l;j_kl
4,,1 Influx of .aqueous. fluid in(j(l

hot rucks 'cruJs.ingpart~almteU:ing
Large--:SC.a!l e ii nf~ ux of flu id
ne
porti:Jli~
extenlOi'!le ocI~~JPclllern O'f m~lit:es w'illh a Ihigh Il'm:!· of II~oolllm ,al!lri'!.ted II/Olin IletJlmCil'~rt::toni!llitie.,
Hooohi:emit[l;;, ~:;lnoiJimilic or g.:;r.I~'ir;;pro'toil:ttire IS wm· mOiil in m;;rry.A t"Ciileon. 31d Ftotet"Om:c S"ifc!ldilI'~llIl19m' IT!~ile$, ","e F)!fobi~~~. Tii1e'~!1Q? ¢i m\!i~'!iite' ~d! tho ~;[IjG zmol!!m Q~ bi!1titl,l OJ ~.onlt)!lHdo (or bo11i1) In, Ih~ ii"c&'.sIpt'CCiUdD ti".!! 'gG!OOr<til1ll1 of .~ l.rga 'ft'atiliol'l Dol ode.jfryCr~ron !f!1!eUil1g, C!/)~rthe. hor~md'e-lr'ee' mign;l:.ile~, li~~; frw lmod~ pei'reJ1:t Ibbti'te ~ield~ !bout ,e;!o'QI,%, g~~i~~ ~)."...~, '"l,!rtit~r~~rft. t~ ,gwer<ll i~~' I t:l~ o;m:;l~tte, g;;!fmt~, !H~h:l~[:O:it;l~' from tll~ lrn~ nlatiteg, a.ro, p!:'ed.u.!es ~latj]e'l-lh~fhrenl litl('()~~iHlt mglting o<1't;lolite. C-o,nseque:rr.tl(y, tne' I'IigmrractLOIii (J!f llr1"'t in. nhre~ rnlgnl'lliles, i~ geflel'aI~ ,ElHributed I>J ~ imlul)( or H~Q ~~ ~g, glf' j~~ ~r~, ~If!~ ~Ii;j\,lr,l ~~~iW'~~r~, wlitkt! enwlecl Hp "scrJ:urdtadl (OO.ngr~8Ilt) mef.iilil@ O"f 'qu.."I't2: 'iIoodie plaJtf:'<i1ass I'HEfK:l~ar 'to oaJIjf {eg., !K!I.mahrnd + Hdl!tsterl >063\ I!<t:d..ell..,. 1988, rr.lilolel\8t:: !3t .._ 1'!!1193, S:Mt)'oE!F 1900). Many cttbe mipfllil.es, d:erii'oied rHlm !~ I~N:mc pito!Q~li~lhi$ aln ~:Qflnbloo.a~11f) ~~, i1IlI~~O'~'!f!.~'; (.'(In! tirll$ wJ.ik;Ji b~ ~;q~rQ<ducl 01 meH:ir:J.;J Ire.¥;"tklll,!Oi!lvo!lvi~th~bre~:k dbwn of biolile_ Ri::renl fr:llperimernai ~ud!es;({i\:Itlien et ~" 2tlOOI} irnd~'81Ih<iline itlrrmiltiolil 01 prOO..icl. {f~i3lJ llomWeooe Im m I he breakOO'WIi 01 1bX)~.ite r~ires ~:he ~ditc!:nI Q;f Hi:l, md hElnal' V'Ot:iilQ.ph~·p:rM!1ll1t me!i·, In ~!lie .~~ ~h~ <PUind~ 01 tIilE;lI'ar'9!i'"iQlm ~i~oophik; €i!omoot:s {LI~ iis grMof tn.'Ti Crfli Do a::t~ib:lnOOW U'];IJ, p!'Dlo!li~li!, EIi.Jcll tlu~ ~Ei!i;I"j' mUy I~ b(!(lli1 !imt~o~ wirth ~he tklid., 'g:!:mera:irg palas9um-rdil miQ!na'liles fWli'!'1J r,;;t.liler pol.~"m·[p;)O'! protoliths.,
ins.
tl:ucIy 'Di
Hl:t!l
wino!\!:Hoek
lflilc~ :!Durm of nile flli~,Dr

am;;x.'I·
511ions o'r me1:~m€!fi~ary

~'~i!f
r'Qd';,'5 FaTlg!ilgl fifO ~l1ISl.a'l
lin,~w S,lMe
ffi ,8.1, 1004;
to Intl!ll ·graie (9<W. :5l1<lU~95<1,~006:;HI~ ~~Il) h;lS .~!Oii\i11l 1f~
1ifI@!!.a;k:Iflphiarn
~ d~se It! being ~amtQ~, g:~e~pt fOlf tl1l~ Ikl~ g! IH~O and OO~" C!:msa~JeoIIUy, neIl.her' dififllJsi"OIil o1'inHtlraiio:m o
m.tl.w i~aill~!!Jsl h~ Irttd!., Is mot oo~ .he ptoliO!i.ihsClf ffiO<5t o~ Ilh~ mignatite' lomw;oa; W(}t,(j,edI~~k::II[no r,ook~ formodi iin plutOrilh mire ~~tI~i!Kt! t~l~<'!i~!f.d$m~ nali'e' QOO!,J~~edI mo'f"l llnil~Qfl$· f o '~iJJ'S I~er; '~;g,$'l]J:01J el at 2G!Gi5l. O¥!dlbDth ttl!;! wa;H'::l· aI.1!ld :Jl!ib::/lmodl m;J.!!;;fi;3] ""idI~~l~ L.:nd~11yingImlst<V.l~Ii'It1~ ff1<lrl!.le 'Ii'!i~ Olfe Ip.g!ll'ible~roe~ ~br~.~~~~uid H"!'!)' land
~~~rs!ood.
22 -------------
llL!E. A!OirnllE!r pI'~ :!;l;!elTlS Oo:;w pr'~illlty IiI'! <dive' islallid arcs: Hlp !i!n1'B'!~~ I.he lOOse 01 '~ll'Ie <f'D IrOK~ j}<I"
'itt
tlla! 1fIiHI1~ling ' ~t, ImtnlJaooeilNOO mic roct.:s l:n8r~:, el 0 m g;;merai e5 .Ihe mere Ifel5iG m"J!lfia.'l, f()~nd ~ !li~r !eveI::; ,(Q,g., HJi~rn Il"I a. 2002). Par~ii~ mGltiingl .Iux~d ~Itte I"'~o~e irnfl~~ ,O'~H~O il'\~.g!lot fOci<.$,!las b~n ~ed fori he g!mar:;l~!1o! t.(j:pOIr'~TT!pI'l!lI)olite.b::les, 1iJi!1~.al iles ('I'.atdr.ey~Ldl 8i:rlJer 1991,.Jltl!lmH ~~ ~. 2001 b, W ni~e il!t aL OOOO}a1ld~,r IeWefijt arll.l_l'jte-~~ liln~ atej(il~ ,a;;d di~,e.k ite rmig'rnllj.il~ (Ot,;lr.t1e:ndi M.d P<Ilhiio[)ow:g, ~j)~) d~ri'Yed rrom pelltes, ~I alL.lmiOO~$, !fr\Oet~eyw~~ lf1e~ectIMs~)(,
Tho 3:11J:OOIJ!~ flJid\;; tlh;;ttfuoo Jcl~1 IinOlli~
W!JfO
!stile Intr!,laorn of m<iilec!ic 1m"'<[llila lil'lli(j,ttle pans eta m[gim!ltitil' terr'rnilwhsJ8 rni3lamarpiilic ~18lliilp8rr1iIll~8S EIl'e :m-1i'E1 tne roi3:':ll!J!l"'yet rm.!lJ~f1i;jI!nI for W Sill!lili~i:tit {!e~r,8l:iOLil! meltino 01 ltool[ille 10,!'i;:rreOeoJFred lin the 1;l:MJ&;o,'\!1te'~rell ~s:., A~.ooL>s lIuih:J!; {CIKII h~<l} Ir.el!e~ Iby !~ ~ty.5la~iQil 01 'Ih~ inlFu~ bJdy 11l'iJ). tt:Jje;S im1Q ~lhe ho,t Ql'Uintr'y.r'!:Idk~ 3J1d ·e'_md:l~es~O~pfe~ru 1~lt5ng 10 IOCCfllr, gr::n!il:'alJing wlil<!f FJl!p1 .. id Cr.t'lffli'lrni
Olne (J;lmm=J!1I ~<I'io
{~~)
Ii.we \Olll~ seoondar ~ m Igm"MItes.
prab~
b'f [J11'.X]~ 1IlI~<1Jl't!l;rphiC d~r3;i;J n,.;tylJO f~ tione: 4w,1r'fling lin'~~t rod\.s, ~!lich, becaiJ~ o~ ~;~ir builk,oornpo~ttom, h,ild ~tly hr~ oolrJ~s !-ernJ,per;l:lJres (IRln.~1!i1 ~t al, ~Q.11,White oat d. ~()05),
c.~rg,
c'N~~EI
l'2Q'1)4)'~~ prgm'~tM!
K~~
~~g,tiH!i;
m<{lcrust
mas, 9'e ,~e:rallied
ftrom 'okilet' Ionalillie cortine-.ltai
SJ'!/\11"~ ~flIJasli~>om. {o,gI, Sjrmme;:; ~ Forry 19'85, Ha-rri.s 1[:1 <i :lll'lOO"d]!hm;tDm ·~"L~D03) ~ :111)\\[,[11h<it Illuitl:. t ger:1",r,~;edI !;PI' ~hyW.~iQR f~t~:n$ im tM Q!.He!' p§r'! t~e' roi1ltocl Zil~oole~ I~ rI1I'Q",Qtool lnMI'lIi'd. up I~Je tempereM1;l(lt'O'CI$l', .mll ~<t1led H:pop~~~ fil~e"iiil9 to Oo:;u' d;)'~ ·~co tt,a' illtn.~~e' body: ~O.:!b~rit IP:~tij ma!ii;ill£l o.~--ssllillldn~~ 10 !hsi.ntfuS'~:l!lo:lIi!t<D:.IIDI$I'IiI~'lnstra;!\ H~r.k!i;i~ n~~fM~r~~~rg ~i~!1f!g~~~·~ ~ B,IB<!, 1lJ1d iJl wih!dll serve ID red.J~ the 1.'~rRllre;s re~ired
HiJ "t'k!h In~~rIilile(lJala' OfIda9! Ic,hnr'odki<Mi!ltc:Of (:a,9" mo~dioril ie} IT!~rn\3~g:J!il!IX:;Jj;pj:f(:Qrn' tlh!;l h}'bridil!Bdl ~~:!i ol a m.a.'il1I~wedge.,3J~l<bI'f IIlI:J'::ifiedlIw Jlul::is Irele~
fr9[Tf1Mx:i~iQml2:Q~,;flla,
for
l~t[:;l1lrtlel~~ng
to st:a:n ~a,g!.Whit~ et OIL2003h The,

lleftl 'liO a. boroliNkh
¢I'1W:;;l!
br~:;klbwl'1 IO:~'O~J!i1iIdlin(l' du.r~ngl~r·~plilllx1'~EI,~~iF;lS

.aJ1l11~x~ m!I)i'
aID
m.el~ ,aml
2(lG1l, 1~~$1Ji
bD ro n-
i!li~ed
In~g, t h~ li~'Wl;lr ,I)tl.!:>t.
d~ph~!ed, r~~
keda20CGj'.
{~*~i
W!d
The Hp
Cne erys:almll~:m 01 tile intermedlaIi>a rn~a~ oo~:es 11111000 nH~l wl~h 0If~ 1h:e t-~t.dry tomIJ!t,e Wid pr~rnol)e!'$nuid·pr~~Il.t pwtid m,{ilting. reruri:illlg <I1<11:~.fc mel.:s are enrrdil;ed inl K OIld 1Rb,{ald pooo~ylnElolh8'r LHL.!~)tr~ftoo from l.rna,n18fl11iecii3le i
riberal,ed trom
nee
m<gTlail, in tedic
'~r..e h:fdrous !wid. The
C<iJ' ooliilell~ §f tile era-
O'~ grwiodior~'8 Iby tihi!1o di$:;OUon oj' micrograf~.d!ar ~",cl<t>l~ OOIl!;i:!;l;~1 of tile' inler;I'i""led!a!:e m~IT!a.!hffl"efor!f;:. t:'e.;e m~mai ile~ Slow ffIOt o;nl~ tlls !jru~ p;l]@Omii"l!'l-ln.oMI)t]:rrn~ rel\1~n~1ps, lilU!t
ffi91t is hll1:r;~~o,
118Io'B['1: llji~1
a~ eo,;i~
o,f I,ne ili!ter~ioiiillbe!weelli

m~a,
aJCIllI ~.
a;al~t~
melt
<Jld : he iilt:aI'nfIatiial:Q
U'IIillimaliMo ~~, run· tiimel:er.9::<'IleI~Mle inler~~l $IriJOtUjr,~·f!JI:dmiCJogi'anul .. eoo1ll6s:, iJ'd1 al~ihe :S'pl!lhlrIllITIDLt>;iiml~lIdoln ,m di~G {;f illler· 1ff]0000b!~, ,oompc;~tio:t1' iL'I~Q th~ PrQ~o~~IM,
Small r-scaJl·e inlf I!!.iIX: ·o!f fll uid

lAeaJ'ltsfl'Oltl:
[:n,I~
Itmge-.a:ll 0:1, Of iin ~iliion to, li:lca!·s::a'oe !iluld[ ill'lliiltr:1llen, IBLiid<. 1MtiL ~:200~)~3too! thai maira m:lsmElw ptMrtral mel~ing malo~~at r·e{~iNel:ylow I,ernperftm'esin ront~t ,1Jrriecl~s tl:i9 ~1I.ridrrom the 1000wogr<DQ ill protolithi rr·ernains lin t~ ~je~o~ I~~i;!! rmi~ing ~;~~!O {ile., 1;1i\.'Il' ~em ~. di);sed to IO$,g.f ''o'I'J'laiileS).lihJs =[0 Isp.:mtie dllrr~ Ir~ 1t8illi~ I~, tnfi ~fll'i8fma'st IptYts d h'~1li.!:Bl'i'rIPi'rif~~Fa, wl1it~Hu.ireo['E!S·aml,il'! 1e!lec~, !fenders t~ protO~l!1 m~r~ lenliI9~11'k"YI . MlIIi~ tri1d bEhJll'~('iwe; aid lif I he iluJ:j h:'d ~ IniX!~~~e!iLt liim!S'!~ rrf9t<:d~ ~"'I. ll)iiIttn~ et ~'L {W05} IPropoSi!d1 n~a slmllllf prmlffiS; 1iIl~ h1ll!'tl QOOJw;d ill Ir>i39DI'iEllly !mIEi!E'mi'Iorpl1P$Dd raclo:$lf;!Ai;\~imil. 1r~~!!!I, llIiiiidt; ijeneral.edl by progrMe' ,deh'jOra i~n-twe r~~OO ns in tM :gr'13ell!Odl~iSl andl <Ililll;[~ibo'Wie, liriss r'!3ill;;ln9d itl the, moo !!f!d frlti>l~ hiB'hef ,t;!eg~ Q! partrall me!1:iri)g1 '9'~j!jj~ in ~~E!S·r'oCk5;.
s.lludies 'on
;fl,
h<'l1,dH~lIJ~!p.':e s::aie, 1J:!il1g Im~

il'I;l,$$
diU!O'l'<3'fI~ ~ed1f!ktJ~ Imcll;idin~ m:e-o'~m~t'QtJ)~.1h

P<itirolm &bey
('0 lee:Jli~OO2.!994, 119&!i; O!Sell a!i!d (iir<Rl 199~;
4.. Metasomati.sD1 2
a meta'lllO'tiphi.c:!erran,aot',s,
199~t 'i'!lII'IGI~·r·ock. oomIJxl9t~ns
{W'8bsr
aid
1!l.36l; flukJ linc.:k.t!ions (OI93in 1987, W,n:itna~ <rid
Ilr",i~~994)" f\e~UOIli I~ogre;;$ (SimRii~ Md Ferr'i~9-91'Jo). ad oon~'9r~io~ of malting rQ,'C,tioris (.btl.noon Q~ at 0001~), h~ e51:mliS!Tied 11'1ia!.!;I;)1iI're lI1l!glutil18'o> !'ormed 'woon ,;) bcall inl~ux of !3ajal:Dd .alroody OOl rodks ~Ji) p;;!Iiti<ll~ !llEl1~. i~ w~fll;N~ ~I nn~lxijwo;lo !IlelihGd~ OO!'HIlOllify WH tihal Ih.e f!l.!kl a~ in!r;JdLlcW K lAb, md
in the .fertHi.tyof reeks If the Ilrulk.romPDS!tc(Jl'1. ffild. rnetlJe 1he fef'til!~'I(ill

~ribllt~n, (~9fI~) ntlt~ o~ a~moc,tia
IiIl
amI changes
pan s of
c:li:iarnged <!Sill. realll .oil' nUtrr.ae tion meteso !1!1il:ismth<!l: c(l~rred be!c:rte ~.aexis, tliie!l! the'
1h~ tnt! ~irr~ ag, 01 ·[EEI~i!l·E¥Id 1f!1i$'llll;r~OS rl)!i';~.lM moe1arna1iG Ir~s., Till} 'fotlialed I1nEtt<m<liic iglll~ilOO; wUIIrdloo: ~hi~ ®..'l!Ii'ye!'
~~p
ot.irlsr .e1@'Jlt'Ie'nt:srntiO'llilie r..:t:dts,
iin maiG pml,olil n~ W'CIs,lll slrollfh i and li'li)t in' ~Ile m~eq,!jv.clents.
roti!:s oepr:e~tedl <En 'earier, pre" 'to ~"p~t i~"liTleiJt~ snear :;mllil H~ hiD bil.en hyjri<iii!d by a ~llIk:i I ha lini,ro·· dlibed
Hp IKp, A1, Ba!, EJiiDi C.!;;. Thm, 'Ilha mamt·m.ii_El JOd(s we.re' 1JiI1:!It~ !!'I9~e 'rlerl.II'~Ui8rithe oojOOen1: Iir'!~ve
mllll at'Il'a'f!:: !.Ilni) :>.,cmr:l1 minelii'lld first. 00
Int recent
5.
I here been ~ oo,n5iderd;JIe'w~ iJ1 hew lI1ioros'llI!lCturre5 'olim III :Il111d.anti par"' iid,\! IiJilIlllen rg~s:. lin !h~ ~jq,nl ~ h::ientiy ~me of 11'",' key mi:ro'stwcttl~~ mdI qumi,il,ative llNIytiied) tecimique:!; !hat lill<i)t' be used 10 idenlily ·the Pi'~$IOi!S th~ h<i'o~ '0011lribut:ed to' too' ro' ~bin 'of migm,a;ite!;;. Mbst ,01 the micr'U5lrLdlJff.lSdl:!ru~1 fndiC<1e !1rI~ fOUlilrtf preoonw of men ,m Ihil1noe ,o;;m5t it!.!coe'I!;.ie! t~g~t-lic ~h-i'ie.IQ'r dh::tit'!gJI'l:ii1i1g rrVnaiites, f~om the mignalil;e.l1ke rook;s £(!rI!ImOO bit' ,tub$)lidUs ~~i;m (ir I).ther prQ~ [se-e ~'rafJ e:). AloIC]l[iIl0[)gftpll~ th~ ilhu!O!~:a!1I;j· the liIIicro~n.durw Q':;nJs;eC here ::re S10'i\r;n llil re(;1~un f ol'll'le book. a1d lfe· <l'r~ in,lhe aula· order.. l!Joo'er:ltamling
yea-~
na'i.
4.3, l"'lol'):Jb.o~ogyof migmatites affe·ded ~y
i.lmltr:. ion .metasomatisDl .
W l\er'e the [n!IIll~ of Ilui:! has GflJlred lpatel me~in'!J,nlhe fe-rulll~ migma:JitF;S roukl 1'l0ii'e any 01 the morpli]ob" gi~, c:hwoo~eri:;t~ Q,f metat,eX1ite N:d dj~IDij~-emi~~e5, !-I!O~' lh1i¥~ .i!f~' '~wp.<d'(;:It~Ii\;lnd fa::gil)n:, to CQII~::I)8r, wh~ ~i,.:Ilc! ,if~ ~1n.i;I WB8[,~EI o~ U'I$ 1Il"l'lg!ili"~)~ tnat I'tHin illl OIUIUOp. ('1l' Iflirel~irlg (IroJ rlrEi{j where I he· ffl,ue-ous fluid \!j"as pre9!lnt" <IIld t.eoc-e ! ilwr'ail ltlarp~XlJlo,g~ oj Ilhe hOi'! m~m~ute ~!d !iIlirli'QFlhe I"'" h 1--. by Uw infillnied fluid. Inl many c~lhe tlu:d inliltraion ",'as a':ongfolia'tla:ii pl'EWi~ or ~HfOki!1C'~krjEf ~,iifid this 11iiI~BfI!ea;$d I:iy the '51!O 1M r:: {l:1¥ereal Or bedding"o:mlll1eedl rna rlPhOlbl;les 011110 Irmutillgl rnIjp1i<liij,gs. lHowovrnr, !let 'gt>Omocll'ios, can alw be gef'le!'l!!eO: (~.g.,Ntis!;J:n 1'991) ir ~Iyid W,a5 thr,o'ugjiJ a tletwClr,Kof fj"~ur'eS tFigs. B3n. B32~. D~!;!Ia"1cy pUJliPll19 ii :;he ... ~l1i!1!o (8;,,'1 19~ .bhn:;grD rt;I~ ~. ,20rJlbl ,c..'1'1 IiOOW a,ueoLiiSnJ!~ Im)[l li1(1'i r'OO::KS; md 1~'eQ;'lOmE;SF)!' ,af th" weaiting antUdic I~,r;ofil"li! mould be, r!lcdii!d ce, the IpaI!!ern or dilalSf'ifi SrUC"iJlFE$ h<Jj;o rmed,OjIld lileMe 1,0 i r m"lf,zono ~ncm3lb; I IilUfi tho morphcob9Jf O,f tho 1Fn~a. tlitii rouXlI bD qlil~~ "'~. (:;1) '!iii!; di!goo 0 ptii' t~ m~lllfi91 Es-alunc!ion of roW mlPl Uuid was waloole ill agi~h l;'Q11· urne of rolil. FrJnlDerllllJlt"e, pgrmeWiliit)! may dller "rum ~r li~ bier. rtl1l.lS, Qil ,[I bc:ai s:-a1e.there ~ Ib-e ge~er vool:jio:1! ill ~Ile dE-g-ee of pw'liia! III eli i"9 from pI~'Q ploc;e, a'ld rorre!pC l'idil1fily illlJmlgms ile' l'IlolrphoJogv. I nan b~~nrIy ~he case fur ,dcll!ldr~it::1.nmelti~ The ~~r\li: thott 'tp::I~er!ll.ed UI1LJid1 ~It oou1d bi!i·j)rm~fr em irBl~' 1-'ot.'.(').IDIDO. wltiereas a:;;J!:~rt l~r~ !i!1~ mQt h<l;!el rne:I~red ~'''I, eUitl'i)F beo:ure (l,f rEffir,ootol"Y but~ OO~OjtiOIilt;, or ~ they
"g~
~ullyL!nd~rl;l~ the' liliIicro;;!rlJ;;l'tl,l!tea, b~ IFnin1l<N8 to bs ,h:lSn1t1il8d;, aitd the seqU@'fla!' ¢II OFIfE!rlp:rln!lin9 rar.liI$S rmiS! bEl dBierminedl. 0'1108 ihi!SI'Ias been oo::om,plJshoo\ tile l'lei:m~esi5 m-l'!l)" e iinlerb pt'm9::li by r,eie1mnc9 liD' qu~ltaliiwl' pg1rog!aMtb (Irttl:s, In r~o;,nI. )'e~!S, the irnij1t t hat ~ be g..=iJ1ed h,om min~r.al p!<Il~, ta beeflI '!1',ef:tII,!I' iffife~thrg,l.J~ eq,lJ!i·,
I!;II
1[11 rder o
£!!'<il par,;:p!nll'S8S
"=:.:riuimI tlfll~-j'm-odym'!lin.f:c rooclllHmg
o~ ,t&iJEi' 'EfJEictrk:
bulk
W81'e impermeli:!l!i'"
rolft'iP,'i~liOt'ii!i of H!e S<JmI)Ie-s!)e,1ng ir!ve:5t~:ect T!'lis ~M beoorn8 pm:dbl'e I~!;III inhm.al:y ootmenl th!iirrno,·, ~ic (j'aai:EUi are ~w i':!;i~r,;;tJI~' mmprehe~· ij!'!!gl. !HQlland n FIllwe11 md m~dlils furlh~ ~U"'· Ity-compolit.ion ~~lmii::lIl:!¥ips 1m' the mill~rilil'~i lilltl21i'~ ,oi in <R1'II,~jshave been ,improved ·1,e![J,. Ho!lmd 3I1dFow~1 200~ NCKA8H· W hire G! ii. ;20Qr1, NGKFMA9-!I; Tf:n'kh<ITI ei .ri. 2001, IMiiiNCmI.IASi),. III ~ilhli!i, OOItWOV'iIiwclil Q';; lIi1cerllilQC01i'c (fb·WfflI3Ki 11'!;lllm ~~! Hoil';n:;I.~ml Ao'!VfJ1 ~99a,) ~FiiZbI'= lI!lqu1!lb.rilJIT!1 Iplh~·dtV~ IOi! !l1e :!t.p~drl~ !(:IJ1iiil.iXi~!ilio~ (!j~ 'the b!J1~. rCd::. 'or eqJ.iilibrUti domainJ, el in.iBf~ h~be 00 n~.ru:cte.tlas a ro ·dl:el:I pssooorection O~' as a d'iemlcal P01a-llllaJl dloor<¥iI"I~ Thl'S book. do as Ino! ,c:r,;mi;;Yf] ~ gon~l~ P-_'Q,!;g-~f1;l~ p;:J'ii;;Jj1 me~ing fur t!1til;: rea:Dtl,
1~'.
5,,11t~linerd1 paragelU~sis
ilite ~pr,oach lsthe 'S<li!i!eIS that <
pe'!rologisi:s in general. ~I by rneIMlOnp'tj:: A!II millierais a-e idemi1led, :ood
Hi~ wtif in wlildilnay
Ei'\8'
EP-ttia"1y follil1oo is .c!oruF!iai1liOO
~hi\., wlheim,e.r iiliim1ro;js onlY' oOOJr ~J~ i~n5 i!'il o-Ht:ers, wri9tlhe:r Ql'aiRS ,are' .ooillrodllrl 0 r 1fl00, wh,gttmr <Ill lmIin:e!l'<JJs Oii'e iii mult!,;a'I CPIl1;~ '~lf!1ewn,fjr~ ~f'i ~he; rock, eltC}. iTl1lis
infol! liIl~io'n is 9~ Iilered ~
~;iJj:h::alll" ~O~ ~.J"'n~'
tln~ mi;]naii!:l
I1miil,l!Il!o dijl:e1miii'il!ltih&
O'r
IlfIill~~ plUt,ogeil.e~
Material com d renos aetorais
is <,n~ rill (lrde!' of lincre~ l,o,:;Jettiiietr'wi~:h ~nrc:rrmi iOIl ,on tlhe DUlk-If,o.lii: ro,mpo9tK':>i""," in, :whtclli H,~ oCtlU~_ 'Then," pel:r~eI ie 'gf~ o r ,a.nSWtfOprlale p5elOO~l[()f! ~SIJ5eC1 to ocmnt ify :;J, SiCXf.:l91lICQ o~ matalllwrrp:hlc ~9iIC~bns t h<Il may ~~t~:r tile rninefOll Pc<if~neses iOIWrd, ,<fId Hte'
a: HlE!r~<¥iIlio;: n:tod!el fur si!icaie' f'bwell 200.1, Wl:iilB ,&I: a!. 2001} I".a:-; If'rla''Je it [pDs:;icle 1100abJl.j!E! p8~ t0g'3netio grids <Utd IJteudo. c ~~r18, IQ~ iIldimua.llroC!<_$, ~ntll~ It@Jl ()J fLT-X ~ whenl IP1U'IIi<il n1IQ\~[rgOOOJr!~ mr:l~1) <djU& Ili1I9!r bulk oornIpo<Sltio:[l$ lor thE! 110'$'m .~ I'M, olr o!' <ii" Q~ the ,.:O!t!i! Ie llitelt {White WID fbwell 20'O~. Tf;Ji~p~'i'ilertull :1e'IiI' ~r@~lf1, ~ me~red mod~ ;;bUjij~ ai~lhe mi!lie!'3is., Ib~ilii9 ~1MiI to p2ttitli mell.ing:.~ih6rn.rt9XiIl~S of nil,~I~ lin 1in<J,:;t caoos,l!le' '[If,ea:est di",errny 0'1 rnT!ine~all p~,~!lr.es '~lfa;4ioF! 'of! U1I!if!ellal~.!ll~ rlliffilr~ mc;.cies,,Md ~ mk:o:stri!K:!i[ire~,is 10' b!!l, iOLlnd iii! tlile r,e:;idiJ;l'l fO~$,<¥'Id Irru1ne<r:a:lcompo3tbl'ilS i~ peli~li;:, 9Jmipeiitt:;,ufll:l p:;;:lmmi~ b p;jOOW.lIilO. 1R<J~,]or l'itloo(l~gi(l:!;, <:1[,0 oomliflon1y 'comp\1'l'Qm. IrOck:s !r!<rf IlQil!i be i~ igaj,ed i!i1! a 'q(mOCati:'o'e m.on_ner. ~ aongwiillh Si;railii ~<do'l'oi:s,~lwld 1101,Iblldg11,orDd: IItG(y ~ 'CiX~,pJIJfl 01 .~his ~I[C;;;tiOl!I 1Y'O jvon by IN hila· Gene.-aJ;y; this infmm~i!J:n
in!;!1 1iI'1oO'~:moflphicgraje.
'iI'hE;!deveklprmlmtol
In'_81~:s ~HI}IIMdland
m1,!)i' ool:1H'lin !1T1!~r~~,
I'J1d
mQ:o~nJ'¢l1ILl:"e$ recem
thtt
Q;l<J!Q t$,\Ola)
tlh6€1tlt'lier' pat 'O'~lhll P- T-f Ihii~,O'ty d:e1Jro,yedl i'I
wc~
U'!Oe
<Inc! fuW(;:l11 (~04J, ('20(0), ~
whet1!,!
:~Irain
was:~~I!11et'. S;J'ine
~x~,"''-11l9
r~lln:tmct
.tltRllii1'
Wl"Wt~ ctoj, (-2'D1U'.~OCI5}, JJ n~ln arrd Brown ,(~).
.~
<II,
o~ !l1!Ti!!meI"ai p~~~~
~ .. mk;ro!iiIlrudl,!r~,.,o d
tlh~ ~uenM
'Ci~ m~I~r:ng Jr1~tCons,are
PI\':l'!OO'~by Hili't~1
~ F:!!1~~~, 09;J6'} , IR§j~h ;W(;!! i1<l!I~ (l~j. G,,~il~!Q . a..!1me! heds o~ qU3l1m<'i l~e::n::ll.'i'Ss IilJ.llve tlilie p!'J!entiai et Ill. [1006)" ~ •.mlliloml ~1~, Oe:"aie It20t)O),WIh~)fI et Iprobleml hal tllle tlitli:rostruCI!ure, prs!le!rved I'll '~he r-'l'ck ~l f2lJOOI, and J:l1it!'~tl ~t at (rMl03). 'ill~ 1;;'I'!NSIi~Q'~'$ mi:;#n IllGl be, U'd wlhidl deYe!oped W;II~ ,aJli?Jectf:c11TI,ell
dlo<w~h~
tn~,c~1
g(l:~ill!aljO<Ii1I 'of ~he mlcro,1ltrl!!lctur~

fn rnliig!r~il.es p.<I!t En !,J~¥:!;1;...,tj!ng
y!!"3S
or t~~~mal
rellllicmSi1ips, OlmCilIllg mne:rals
present. The' ~,~biilly
~hal Ilhe mCostnI~,u~e
has
be'
r-eq'.;<!n~.:;n '$oi~I~m:el~ i~r!~trl
Ibee:m J::!atio;!Jj~, or wti;QUy,
IT)!)d~~ed
wb!OEClu"'!ln"I~ must
tlheir' d'evebpmenL lin th5 past, ~foB· oomd~folll:;

~l3!ed ,o~ I~t~
m@l,iing\n@r,8 either
iLJ~1'fI9 aillt~,
gacH1Bt'm~iiieterj; ;ru;di gao!b3rDrni>
grli!:! {e.g, GrMt jgB'S, Viel;;:fll.1 a'ld Ho!tl'fll<lJ~!lI98, Gra'll .;nj Rr·oSi l~D', ~ .. 'li.'i!i;!!IL1009}. p,~~ mo'fe ~Y~i~·Qj' 1p.;f~i;!I nmell:ing h~' beetilI done, the r~ o~ 001'" rompo~~OCi'ns and f,eact[ons, in~lg~il1d Ms tf~pilJidM .<I'iCI Mw' ii:ldW~ ifI1IBI~lItos (Vuellel!lf ana h10>i[crW"'l19E!8" ILe Breton .9JlJ ThOlllilP9:Jn 1968" P1IIil~(I !DQucg, <nd .bh lltSIo n 19m. C<l'ri'n~o,n> <fld W<il:~ 11~!:f, ~jmQ Do~ ~I .~"lrli$ tOO8" ~~i~g ..,q ..bhnsto,n 19M, Kbmtllr 0t ai, >'ffitO:l', ~ at ,111. 2Q':)~h me1'9i3fii~ '1994; G~die~ {(',:¢rir:i!:! tit ~, 1008; Vii(iI~{ir,;l.E'tld. Mbnti)il et aL~~, :2000;
eterg, or eEt~m;pjedfroom a pe!lmgenetE
car8!ull'{ ~Qd, IJiI!!ormtt Km!8oost!O re:jiljc:e .~ gr;in hi! sila ~dtD' prbOlJCElc'h~ lin gilll :!htp9 ario grrnn 0ri~ 'etll,tai ~nl ~r~~~la:itoJl tenes 1:0 iilCree.regr.a1t'I 3"'o!e,Ito ,e1[m[~'e tnll ~aI g:ains, atd 10 prod.Jce. rIlfJir'9' Clq)J~~ groii1!$ ,t~,$.,~o ~edU«! Hl$ ~¢~ <!!;e'a ¢l' ~<iin, liol,J~~iesl. .. !I:ii ~flioln. retwgooe; t1i1et~rrJlisr:n m!3li' in'l:r~ lle!!N
Imine;rIDi. RJrrtUri<ib"l~, tho g'&n'~Oll:l pGl.rtI'gr<pllK:i,
~
r:G'.;1~~C3
r-ea~tin;lfm:iIn
'ale,
Wofl.ll
,d~r!lrilHij()!'I,
rew'l!er")';
feo:'y$!al'~t¢Jl
oorument,eoj
ff¥Tl, ~rLi'!ei'i
00' ~!hai lam
,(Nicol~ 0CId Rliri6l' '1'9'76, IN lTiite, '198~}. wa<'fe easil~ iaeiiitified iillllhm~IiCltl,
1Tl~!il:ruClt.lr~ modilkaio!'l
'C~'
00, fOCOg·
llill~ 1~G!':;;Ib(y Bap~ <!I'!d 1i(a11: (1~} ,M!;! 8er~r ,N]g IAcg:I .. (~20r.m om.·[ ill'~'Odl!.!(;t!Q'ns~QthL5 theme, .~.\!jleUI~. ~o, lJ;)fjtbt~ i"'I'l.~~ic;)] m6t~, q
Inlt'Jd ~n mo'!';!~,
1'1l~5, ~ooe;8.B'0\8~ et all llXJ:7; Moflltel a'id VieIZQU! 1!hl7; Ca'l!i to' .ej' al lOO9; N <W ,~ Ch<I;kg, .ZOO~; G.r~t :;:roo'iJh a:np'l1!ibc!ii!l~( Rl.!5fim!1{ ~9~] i l~W ~ W~~ni900 ,;Wolf ilii~ W}'f.lf& 1~S,1, 1199:4:~~~ md .fio.!d<. 19091'~~~'Ii~ <!i'id Rci.1(;l lDol!_~· 2G0.2!:~gKt;: ,"fl(;!~Ji;!rilie 2()OIl), tOiilaJite (Atntc.r ood W)I1Jlo,lJ~a; ~r!ill end .b1iJn~Ofi 1992, 1996;
IPalm Oow,:e~d
i3et;{,d
TtlI,e grain-oontact
m,ethodl
Siv,alld .b11aJl~e$ 1~.

bJ(!g]ileo (..b(h!lSlI!)~~d
,.1i'11<'!iil11eS199~. C~r,o
~,;F;li)ii'iQ O:)[uoe- ~).
~roncl· \l¢)b
W~I!e 19aa},gr,~~e (ih1g,ffi.Z md et aL :2IDOO, IUtVtiitY\,o:~y' 131 31'_OO!}ll

I'~f>j~ t~, iinrterlli!1~!a:e'
'iI'hi~ tn~h!od i:l b~ Offil the ~!1JIpI;ioJ:l th<!1; IIQ~ ~:h~ crystaiUsd ~r'Ollil a m'lil! uoo'er ,oollKi'lti..:}nsof n)rlrosta ie Slrills:s Et10uldld'0!!'i.i8l.:Jp r~dolm <1. ~ i~ di9:ltil:ll1l~icl>i'll 'D~ thE! roRS!~;Uen!l: minefall ~~5., fl(K:lil;S,I !l<'li crysta'!'izedl iJ] tile oo,lkl st<te, 0Ir fm~ illo.'I'!Iun,g rr.~~1n<l; ncd,~ er sJt::osaqtlM~111I ~e!'orm!i!d P!;!f1W<t~1/lO'Iy" ~I nOiW' rr.~rW<!! g:l'O!f(bl!!tiQ_i'!:;; tl1<jJ dep;:rt b.am t~mMf;S, Ciomll'a;tl: ~~~9Im I:ke llI'Iit.1lerr~s cam be ei'lMr [nOII;!l (~!I;Ig;te. cI~ributi1:;J!iI) gr I~ (dl$.
Iper~1 ,d~r~oo~iorll) common th~ fm
A!;l;l~~Vgil
e.t
ai, ~~j,ru1g
tt,E';
r,mom
~.
lIIiCl f'J)d-;s [COIIllt'ai
e!.t1I, 1!OOfil The oontlitron:s ·of rnellalll
in
m~1~lit~ ar-e if'!O;Ww!rHf!o:nly pa"lt;l:llil w1i;h tliio- ~dm~nio.lll~I!t~:
ded-~erJ by
di~e~1 g;.!iIi!" dOIn~ ollcimllar !;rik
oomilposiUoll&
irhi!!' guln ·corrhrt mellhod, d!!\D'ibed by II:sh:w,Ci'rtl'l1[19ii'B~, 1M\:t.(!iioo, UOO$~" M(Ii M1!\!l)1r~iI!<lt!d Mi;l.;!]<m O~~~, lil'JilOWos d~iIfminiingJ tlh" 'IrOCl.uO~ CI~ 100 !'IIams, bd:woon U:lli var,kIlU:S mint'tr~ .~ Iii! <1. JO~, ~a~M!'l~~' lirlJ :!!! ~.:ti~lical t,~. lOin ~~£ I[~~m~, ~mli!"le$: ~ Fet!'~ (19i!5) ~ied 11il;~ t,oo'hmjJ:tU~ l)I)oo.rm"ins .a)f 16liIoooome in
.JL!lI~1::!J
-----------------------------25
I~
rM
Frg. 3., CIi"I<m~ iml ~~e gr!aiil~ 11i':!:e of rtlI:1ii,fIJ1I'laJ~ic: miner· ~Is ''''1!I'~S ~·<Di!d.!~i ~,g3.D l!i.baIr rogiBlfl~ rn1£!13JTlI'JrlPhiio:1:IiIl in t he O~ 100~fovl,n",e. C$P~ ~~ ,~art.;: ald {~ p agrg~l~ 'There b 0I~~k: i~_ ~11!hiEl' g;~n :li~ hom IIIlei 'green!E(:hii~ft;:Dffi ~(1 ttQe =i:;rt of melting lin tlilie u~ <lrnp'!~~tolil.-!I; 1a:;l,!!S, T~te g<fliill si.m to t~j<il' In'ltl<1!tXIt~ mhgn"eJ II as Ilna;~ial al:xlut li'w~ rote as.ln rodq;: belOW' C:M"~~-Ifl' i~a:J. A vr;r~ rn.;.{I(!~d inCf~'liri' lillie '!3Hjj n :~~ '0'1' bo,j h q~'~rt;: ~O ~:!9IX'!1~ wi []cj~,1tIit.h tliiif;l
~M"'...e 01 dijJexi~e mi~m;1:iitles andl ~lects ~Ih tf:~e
[I
G M~~f\lI1~
;0 GrIlOO {di!;!~f'IoOOil'llk1;n)
r~aJ rlO(iks in ffiI1I~OIIwute mlgmOilites· Olnd~ha: di,*~ I~e im'igma!.Cteo Hg~E;r, lit ~~: ·afl<;d tiM' peJ~~~ ~ rEci~!;!f !iUm.>!c9 ~ri;¥l91~, vmidhl did rI~' rntdII:,;ndl ~ \!IIllidl ()C()IJras IocI~d!~~ in the diJl!,-exile Iin~n\!!l ill!. The I n~cr~ ii~gai'l~ r;i ~ I~ th~ rodls ~QIlI~ till!! aile :a.!b~id:.!~ graJlF!-ijte;,;t!1l t~~~t t;..aJ. ~iI~edll~ tln~uF! meJ~1!;d 9~'l;'If;IOm~. ;.;Jld ~rtcl ~!l'I~~ lrod.;;~ D ;[,;';1, W~ If,f.... • ''''tided tot" litleti'lflr~.@1 {pJ"9loolill::e + biotite -I' QWtZ: peail'll1i1lte!i\ and rna~liHc Ir,OOlJs Sjn'lxlls. d,des 3I'1d ~O¥-es: O,petll, ~~~Jr'QITI t he g~:idh~S!and <flIP'11Ibo:litE! f~l~ Ih~f-j'lli~" ~giJgj ,p;m 9f ~~!!l:~i~~ it!lgi'!l~ii~~ mUtd, di.11lo;!){ite migmmHte!l;, iril~~ IlllnmtlJ1o::1, 11iIl~' ps:lml'lljt~c, paI~illme liH10logi,es fonningrllia-Jllen in the
.t;!li~~i1~1l!1~~
lt~
!\I~ MoiilrnOrplhic
(hi;! aII~(J.leolthe
1(l1
6r,o,OO {Ij~,
P1Lili~n lin
in ~rrn~
QoI1l~"
Mlaine_ iney'loWlrid tna:!
rw~,~.me ~rQ~ ~t-oe' ~irnan~e' ;;,'!J'n!;!'h~1 di~r~ dkl;rli· bUlLiomllJW!lha leueeserne frmn Illeir.nel'mlll~ ID~ ha::l
J~'ol"li!
!tit~:aJ"SiZl1! dfSl ribotkiill$ lin th~ 1~Idte'WokJ !iIli(lnall~~ &Jil!E!dni '!;:I;]{rdi~~i~iellr~mdliw:i~iEl' ffiig!Ul<liUt!;!;lIl'!!!hibi~Ej 1iIu· <Ii ear' Cl'ySI ahslre diG~iimt[oll oOOM8Ierr,t wilih O'yslallii2al:ioll
in:a nn!eH, 111:1O!l:n!r,~, '
S!n!~~,
i::IiEljfib~,tiol~~ TlheocJlFfli1iElrWe!"i!l i!iltefJl'ret~l

o:riijill" andl~he Ilau<fr,aBCif~laiec'l.ic: ori~n_
,~ of
01
re:YGO~Ii!l@~w frmn
!iFlIO~e
~ljd'1JS
ronnpl.ex
~at'
paitermt
nee
Kcfeld\:"pa.r'
r~'!l::l11ir'l8
li'ias 81 m~-upw.ar"d
Q1IJIarlz,--K-I,eld· rp:tler,~, r~~<i 1-1~
C ryst all·Size di str iiJutil,ons

It!e~lldl'' ~j~~~,aH~ze d G!@i.!t~ tl$, {'C&:i') has Ihe IIDlertt[~ to r_'"iI ili'omllD!ioll ~ll,t the. crystali;wtio n hi1)!),ry (~~iig;ml <Ddl ,grO!:i11Ig!owtlf) 01' rroct>,1b~1liiI11'I9 mim:er· aI~ ill!:! tedilniquiEl' ~ rnotl WIf!1Ilfi(;:n!!iU~ to lin~fgate r~l:t eaeled vobanic looks" w~16,fe, ~~kll~ m::H:I1rr~I~~~ !g gr~!1!1 o!.!i~ <!TI!~ ~ <:i!'~ 'b~~ !~ b~ minili!1d; the ~fI~iQ9 lsize-diSlrWV-lIn p;j:te1'\!l~h.!S l<Jjfgely fE!'ll~ 'G/'~:1aJ!iZ::l~nfmm 't~ mqna. 1:1 rllwry roofed rocks o(ag, pulons E1'd irriIEilamorphic tar~tQa~, p'ocesaas ,~ ,1I:S rurf:~"'~n,erm-dlrlr'!l!!f1 <lIId lSiIr'<!i:n"~.ne.r9Y'dtf!'i'1m 9f:;.irl-b(,)loint!~Pl !T!tt*'~[g n t~!1Qi tg prod~ r~lrw;.r ~.nilQr~ gr.an-~!Z.es, aOO~hea'~~aJ-:3ze di~rbJtkm ~speaf:.lrl Mcofe OO'inp~ lili!;1:o~1e$lif ~"IjI"flOOV$ m ... senll!'lg\, nOO13011rCI1, ( ondl 9i'l;lw~h' lea:Jitl;l' ."" Ired~o;:~1J.iI;J.!'11 the nU!T!~rof in ~,~ gr.&11'!i m ;n inCli~ !Iri tlile oo:mt:er o! 1<lI"1}3f g.ilins (e!!J. HOO'ii1$ 1~) ..eE!rga;f~g ~~lIe (Mm}~Qli!,!d .a ~i;tty 'QI
~ QrverlPJOdootDn "'f ~::rge,g<lin!l, wih~ rol1dl be ~e- ~I;I th81<f8n! heal 001'ar~:<ili.:al:IDn, Glt"!O' hO~80US muds", ~i:l:n, IA~kid~ o!r)fl.t~ft"Qm 1:l.e~'W~~(]f ~::(J!tna
hM ol ~I li'llIffi1',orpal-:!l~ diS'ilrm::ui ~ilS,. Ibui. wii.h a d'~iiden;:y rm~ati(i,n
,Dr
:grain.s,.:~.~~'ibu~;a'd'~(i h~a-:r~ao!J~ ...... t>e~r,~
[J'ain oo""senjfogi. ~f)er
ard 1~~J'e (20iO'1) illw,stfatad I:f\:e

ill sud-
~'iIii)
pol'8n1:i1ll1~1IIl!Jtl o~ probl'lirrnthm:
ias ,~~crpilt·::r.ize diSlribut[oll

M Ih;~t.B rod.;~
~iEtdJ to lmigm~iit~, Jid KliOlntITLeQ~m~ gf t!'!e pr,oO!eoms in <f\p'¥Lng tt1e l)e;jjniq~'!e'
Studiies,·of g~aiinSIR, aspect rat~'o" :atild 'Qr[€f1~alion .

M(lSi q!!JIantilt·OIlI"'-1;I ~'U4Ile,~ {!;!~., A_ortlll! l~)rro, J:;llant'ol;r$ ~dGW~;;l ~9~, '.ik!'.!e!~ar! '198$' h~ cloo..... ii th<¢ gr.;In 1 Sre IllCI'eUS molfl~ fb:llltl~ ,a~~ liOOtillg begins (~FlJ 3), ~his Is a:~F[b,j;Eld tQ t~ f.a;t tfl~ !me iit'!Ef.t ph_ willi aid
26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
IN1MOIUt::TIIOIII
ripenilf'!~ MJrti1ermc re, ,S!j1ltEil'11Iiil:;:;alJ~ rma:JJer Qr31n·szelmm IBJOOfDme ~iO liiieliTIDi!Di'i'ie, to pdE!ti!lt!:rm i;. r~iad" .;lItlr.olJ~ grlliliii sizJ3. iii etd'i ,~rrrer~~' m~ wlitlil tm1l'tamorp't'tle gwe. HowSifEl:r; FOI9offili> wtwrg m~ haG;beWi e:r.:Ua::led ~ diow a d'eoi'e~ iii! (1J.m $lze '[ID,I)~ '19001'.S\i~r ~ Ka,t 1[1~) re,um:! thm: dlf'e!'ences, between I~ ex~·ent 01 liil~·pn~l~rlCd Q;rll~liJ'Ial.io'nl mell ~·prefetlt1oo iJ;Fig~· U!liOIi or lbio''!ite. oonlieli'(;). aro:1 PI~, iI',e li'elited to whath~,r the rcd:~ W'lue rrne!Jt·flkill (leoo!Dmej, 0;, m~l.· poor (~$Oii'ie eliid ;laeoso'linel,3t1c whether ihe-v hlJ./OjJ~rienCQd mom oogrf.ilJ3ii·olll1, ~ :lnd oiihfif @!.lb· mo:qt1~Cc Of :!ptij~~ ~ dsbrl11l<1!i'IQr.1.
::I,
dillu~km! ,mel nence Oswald
1M lcrosructures IProd'ucedlin paiti a-m elltinge.xpeoti m ents
.Analectil:: li'l\iell:ffrst I,::m'li'is; ~:Iim'I, Iilm o:iQIiI!JI grainl ooLr'ldara iies.<t:1d'e~ ~:5FJi.IOIIl tlri(;JI911~ aooIl'et~·a:I1.edral; 1Cl!~e' lpad<lols ~ Ihe OOrllElf!': alt1ii:i.r1iJIM rO<'M:I>Illt1I1l00r~ {O{l., I 1M'~hr!i;.'I"'Id! ..t '19'f1.). Thn ~!'l,OPI~1rmiilli!!lt·"t:b become p~l;l. gFG1liJ!y morel oonoo@d; or I!!~,.as Ill!;) fra.?lion (if mell mcrei!l33S, and oCDl'lltntlllly brm :3JiI31, rou iidsd indlu· sitms III the meii (e;l:h Eltl<!dl etBl.i9'f4, Hol)Ok.e and A:lthm9~ 20,0,2; A.oo:;;s:a-Vi~11t aI. 200fi].. f I"!Q prodlJC;tdmrn e too' iOO':!ngJiUeiit meUing'o~l'$!'rom~ miner.ais.eg, ' mioopyfO:lletle· from the bre;;fo;,OO,wn1 bi'oline'. C3l1 ow." 0 ,til> In900l~ lin l.I~g 1fIt1~ dco~ 'IQi !:fite r~!.i:YIl. m[n~.r.d:,1ii'iai melt I erKfs '~CI'fOI[mIpoOlls, mM,), exper ifi!'1enl~ ,JJ~ew~ to Milb:rd ,R ~t¥er (:WOO) o::.mlrMf'edi r~.a ffaJ~~ o~' ,nndW.atron ('11004)~howed .~ ~~"Irool~ elf rnEilt mrlll1l mrL~ bro'lite in~hl~r!m w~lh~lho~ iml thiel' hc<!iI 1!J!.it'e:l:it~ a1d Ip,arti;:llm!!l~ungl m !tial Ul~'poQ:l~~i! Iri<1!1GPl;:r;, I D.I~,~ Ml!Ili!CIl~ 'grimiti!:.lrhi!:)i' found I MI. 111~ 01 hiotitt: [Ii! ti'ct Irn@"~s w~1q CIJ~e ~ I~~ lhe noJactmt miner· ~rweiil ,~e '~!i~:r~~y !~, Ih"",'~ gie~l~r ·~t-.F,!1!!:iGr;;, .ats a:ljill=Crrrt 'to ihill p:lal of melt become r'O'unr:l:ecIes lil~ eilow a !marked ib3enee' of the ,snEll ~dtlS, are betl,er d!ss;;J~I",e inlo i,~ mell IPi1aoe. Iii! 'eonR!!',iISi, wlhe.n III pool oriamed" andl d'~ a sitgMl'I' fl;Jt'FQwel'r~ otfX)1lI1Posi· Oil mllll crymdriz&!:, the ~li!pe' cf its mru-gin d1~gl!i~ il tlon:;J; wilh m~n"'lY higho;orMg fl!.'ll1lber ald TiO~ w[1!;'Br.t~ IbeooU19'S llii)re IreCIa1~Iar. or ~bd<)i, in oUllini!' be:ause· thanr oolite from the host. They 1ttributedllhe&'! 'fe;;(ures I~' ~~(I,b (Jow intI;! the pooll 01 melt ;;ndl h>Ml' cry.;i·~ to r~)$!:~, ~iQ:ri1 ~I t~ b~'~~ ~t$ &t h1id~ ~~. r~ (J.rrmv~ ~IW<:ji.mFl 98fi" Wolf rmdIW\'\'lI~ li9tML tlra±er.! into tile H1'lie~ei1" r!ii!'g)me ~s:, th~ 'flew en~i~y 'komi I he rngJt, ,Me in '0'1hens th.ey ae fflll1\pl~' O\o\EIrgrow'th~n wrrner re.a:> o ~..,,;pt!~$ (AooSl:<l"Vlgjl t;1;a!, 20060}, A OOIm!Tl(lI'1 fe'i1IlI'>9 IiJ<f It.; q\!~nc11ed part iaI·me'~jng e~parirne",1;1 j;;:, !iha:~ h~~ hils na grei'l inllile meI~ h<Mf ay-.st~ I~~ ,L¥linst Ille gllm BEc.1lJS9i mgmail,as rom <lin PLII'ts,WhSi"B mellIng ,0WJnoo J (,e.g. G;;rdian ~; m 1~i'. How~r, Ule e::looloat hitii!s and pa't$ fr¢'iiI'i wh!(ih !iW1~w~, re~, p;a!'!$ltlirotJ~ W~ ~~Iell !iT1Olrpoolbgy 01 :S!:I me ery.s1,rjs !'Mf be dJe to the' melt has ~ Ip~ts where mell has; ,eollecliO'dl mel Ir~ rote Oir roo>lillgllllrl00sad Ion ~he~i(per Imenl. inci!!!OOi P~'U t.hat clidl nat Inei'!,IIF!e typo tiil'iillaO!itflidtlNl5, (andl a'9J mineral ~m~1aJe altlllbiikCOiirIPO~lio!l) IJre- 'Viir:ually aI deronnaikHi-Ji'irEillifig ,EI'!:perilti£lnl:Fl ",!i'M, per001'...00 ill ~h m(Jj be q,ll~e' dffemnt li1h:e m6'brii}oJome' j'ormed ,EI confinilr,l pre.srure !!iOO1 1 5 m,tlil-r,fi,e rom!il lens !tlQ'i.!rd be ~f'I'I1l'!<1tsd by ml~~$Irl!.!C!lJjt1~"l'irwol:v:i'ig !\i'Il'Ilt!t'. llld1 tlhat IlitergIa'lLJ1ar and In! ~arrrarll.Jlar'lr(l:tur(lS and ~b Ha W~F,e pif~l'll .at t he tine- of ilIfIeillrilii, eit her tho$J<l' ~~ i:Q!1e",O dlewkl'p!i!d md ~mlJlQ~ed IiT1Q:oIi. Qt th~· in e::mess air Ih;e roJid pllodL'CI:S of' Irmng'l'uEH 1T'cf!~lrg delofmail:bn.In.liilh=e:xperlmen.s..mlll!:tl '0'1 Hie I'FIEiIt ~ID f~tiona 1'0 ~1F!tf<GI, !h~ 11~&lcne, am o~1a' mellt-ltidl wQ!l.~Qrntodll~ IOeitDdllln ~lCa" .mi'I~ ml f\Frrluroo 1.1'di migmdi~'1iiI5 (11iiIr,g. ;;:I~e;.:ites). are dom~'il~ed by mi~eF.~5 develo.p in Ute sample (e.g. ~ffirnle;r 1995. Iilirtte:r and aocI Il"Ilerm;liiJcll!Jres lMl rllSl.ill from ~lhecrysl2firniit:]nr of INOOnlOliltl 1095, Holyj~ and Fbtim8r "100.2:). ad! eonbhe ~·ac~ik;: melt Oil' m~~ Th~ IrniC!',tI~r~d!,lreof' the' ~t!Qn~ fTl?i' no! ~ ~~I~ ~~ ,~~$ol;i$ ~~ i~ ~"'a' pd'~e ~tolJkl r'l!f~: 1'iil1"'~~P!!f:ilrUf~ mlld·:!2.!!Ie o:mtinef!!ta crLlSi, ,i;ji~ tll<!({ rmif1 ~p!y to pru"iLi I'mell· fii'1i,!t<¥ttO'mhi~.The Ipr~nce 01 _ is galier~l)' ,ool1sio- iirg ill solme ,!iIfj;:iloweonti~i·:liIr!!O~~ ered ~ffi:ient e.Jide'fCe' fClrthe former prefiffil;:e of ameft, In'!!tI.!iTiin<'ifY,,the IOlI'OwiftlJ ~' lifiicfo~t~i"tOtliJtesdevelopl as· Of' 1f11~ln~III 01.rQc;k, iilw IpI'Q~I'Il!! iPl~Q'I\i'I'f CQ91~ ff'1~ m;Jj;i~~ is thod !lite' mellt WQI,JI'd n~rl!llclly h~ Cf~.ar~ partifJl mell form;,i.'ll 8xp&i1l~nl~; '11JW[l,'fl'A, trij,~JH' or
O'~"~
mr.:I nut quenched to glma fiOrtlmalellj'; ti'lere .':fe' 11Ilier~'· structural orft.flfia that call ile I.I!l9d 10 in"rerl he· kiltmer Piieeer.:::e 01' mel ..: 11 ~me'~ i~ i5lpo5::ibl:eto delie[nilrlie' 'wOOthilf i!hil micro:ll1Inn::illlr!lls Ibm1H1ld durEn9 rrlljil~tng ,or I~$'f, ~ 1:1118 elt flfatIQn cr~.aJI~d. m '1ihe iifiicrD!ii'ilJ:¢tUr~ PI"odl.lCe:l itli quenChed reli"J ,e(IJperiiiflfmts{e.g.., ~i{lIiiIIF In I.Re oook, [F\g1.1F'1~F.11,) :a3fW' ru; a !pilot! still ting po,ilill. I,or <II imelfpretSiiionl oJ ilh~ mao51rucllJe5 in IngnEtil e5, !ttl willi b9 olifilinoo I irEt.
h!i"I.rnlte::trd,~e ,dJ~touch\ {:~}
p<Il:chM;.dlmi!!lt Q8'1i'1!lbpr .. ~tii~
'll'tJare tlille' 'iri'in.s 01' ili:e
the mrn!rs. 01 rea:U.li min~F-
tDfCWl'1 (lIJq:l,,:tI~d filrnl1!l,of melt pcf'.oird:o' ,alO<f'I{ItI~e{J'.;;in OOlij~1atr~~linloHi~ JlOS'I om~ ~nO:f'fI pO'~s !;I~ IPQ01S! of ITWJt, (3,) re.<;d W1~ ~ir¥,al5: h.~ oonrod'ed :;IJld '~I~b!rted shapes" {4} pool! O~ podl:.elscf melt in tho I'fQl nix Ii'!a..'e' .1;1 riQI,mde;l, ·W§;)~ g; g(,llilfl~., (~) ~rile ~llicI pfociuCI $ of Ir·eidiiD'nl (;iso, ailed perm ectEc) h.:we 'crystal races, where' Ihei,I grew irJo rtl4!l11,m 1(8) I~,r:ral:k~.olr:shears(rl[lm iilll.' i!I'
F~:L 1F7-l?iOl' {lIe' lik_"" t11~ IPFOOOoed iff p~~'i~l)' molten mlieriai,ll-iel1!lhe.y are OlX.'\Jpi:ed1 by 1iT1iE!11. ;O:~!1o>l~;oo(~ The ~'ol].l)\I\I"ng' miCr-a st,[u;;;11Jres kmn dLl~ill{l thEi' a"'tsial· m3l'l')!' partia'··mBllilng ~xpllr~mefMs. ,As ~1.B:M;~pl·9!. fiG IPIO ~811 !il1iD~ mrmdedl '[*,EilM 01 bfuitita in ;;;~lhFdl etJliiledrru I!piiiel I:!:a'!lI'lln 01 thle melit: (1) ~:he mrnEHiais ~:OOI: crys! E11liZE1lrom ~a,w'erotKm product) is I~ei,]r [JliClieeml:.l.agn1elilts, 8i'JoI:iI is tile i'helt I.,emdlo be ,euli'ledr,~, '(2) li'HlllD1illlel'ilI pr-Odlids, ,01 se;pq<llOO ~r<Olilllhe, re~art Ibiot~te b)i' a'fllm oJ bM\!III'I'glas> the pa'riall·rr~ltnn9 rll'artkm (i.e.. 1M peri~9CtfcphELses) that , ~Grapes '19M, C~e 2(lOOI. . !Tew p<v liaJl)i, 'Or who _';/, in '1111~!l!1e:lt COl1fliifititll~ d'ev!Sbp f,3!:eS, (%.l) the poo~ O[ pSc~ of mitt 1'I:111e .:l blbCky 'D,ut. A\>tltell I~OO2) 'fQljjliKI yei'f r!lll~yained (Jt«l!!.Oiit.(yle' !lie, {4~an O'l.iC~gt'(Jwtli d~..oJJS'Cln, tlhe re:lCi,~1 ililiMr.l!IIs, in piYik!llY molloo qJ!iYiiitll' from a ~;jlow (0.5 ~l 0001 (:5) ,<11 ar""me>lt 01 1<b.IIOli 011 IPI' iSmot it; crysl,i"iIs is o;)!Ma:l:·a!Jfeol~. ne gfan~'hy!"9 br~ §fl'lalil ru~atB dwalbped In tlf'la; Ipl~'WharB I'lo,w of the meilooo!.lnred. ~chos IbJ):wooo roordoo ro;Jct::l!lt ph<ms.and Slllml} p<!tch&$ (Dm!otii1lootr-od~cI qLI~!;: ;:ndl ~'d'~, ihu~ ~illa Microstructures, i!ii roo.diuaJrocks, and mk;fQ:;;!t1_~~ur~~ ~9lUy'~ ~!f'eQ!e:l t~(I!~ md evi d alice 'for par tial mel 'Iingl W@1~ :2C1Ct.a, !-I~olillw.l. md ~€I'1woodl OOOS,), aKI iIf'I OO'IM' '~~l'!ef .. t1; i:~ ~!I il~!I}I']' !haIi .'Oflfl1l$ !11 .. IfIlIlgrn<lIItEi ~ ~1;ln()[il~ NbJi'OIOf'll <rid G~U~1~5), WI~a ,rooJling ~~a-d into, ~!~, th;d: ~t;Ji;Qtliil;l p..tchc:;i, <Oil 1'\lI~~IfriG'. W;rJ ;Ii lime, 'dowElI';, ilJflI dh:o dmifa to' ful!!1d in meltH:ow~. oome ~I. (8i few IH'cent~, wemEills in 1ih6! Ir-eSd1119 e~pe.rlmm1I.$, if"::~~ tlhm nl~ii'I'Ii!:11 h<!i:S Oiy:st<llli!z.M to LR.mn, 1li,!l1ere il OOOlJpJes groiil'l oort1le1is, crlo rm!> filFols alblllQj 9l~Pitty~ (~!Fi'g>. FH ,0Itld F'I~~, C~~tl1<o1: w.ere Uli~ gr,iiin 1'~ MQ'r~, ths r,e::i!i:;Iu IpaT'I$lJIi rrigmiiil'e'S w~- wii,h melt !l"e a oommon lealure in~he p.stifllty rnet!led taiiJ the Ii'id&nC8 wlth w.hichio ~&nliit~ Una mBII~pmduding rock,,," l[lorn sIn;;tlow oom2t;~·aJ~oores·le'-'lI., ~ F13-F15}, tsa::ilol'iS ~eI to ~. th$ rotiditicii.'ii 01 m!il~irphl:tm: ~d 'I;l;JmJl1l;1nJy devell;lp ill JIlIlct K-lerd~1.lfld1 qJlil<lflzlhat thl.J!S. 1.1ileyare 1Me,best pl'~' t,:) ~.a" R SI:oo¥cof iiliq'nailes. v;·ete ~a:enl no '\J'ain.:s,of re~3i1il rnus::ov,ite.
me
loo~
Thara
i.s: :I pr'DgFe~ chang:El! lin th!'.! lir.:cro!i:ll!U:>iure ·cofmigmOl1i~,e$, fw'om wry :oI1!~w w!1!a:);t"m~ W1lorplili~. thrtl,ugh aeer:er rom; <I:;[of.!!Jr,eoles 10 r~n..;lJ1 mB'i.OlliliOrpnic ~er· r~!!~ tltn.a j'·efIli!iiH; tllli!!, qraem.<Jllc Inc~l'fW3 iIfI !11iIQ1 ckirmi!::in of pati~melni~g ,ewJlt., mel a ,creCt~ il1l U'i~coo~ngl ra,c. IRG: ooolillg FIIi3' tim !l1lrlal!l r'09:llt:!l ill ~;lJ,P'lIro;)Orn:g of nI'i::! mtllit anti <!. quencn to 'glaas.,oo! as. the: degre!;i '01 I.!ndel-WIJ Irlg decre~ With ~il, '!!It;;!'a iSi, a c!'t~ ir!)m
N eltll:er glass ner gl<oo~~re ~r$ lin 'd~r .;rd ii'[1t:i'I'a' ~""Iy 'CQolao::! c:mta;:t..wJ'eQ~~, R;x~i~il! m~Jledi r'l;I~s
il11
the, oolillta::t ,;JJf@{l,I!!I {rf '~l1ie D !Jiul'h tirnsolJS d; r!L pii3!i5l:.irEi between
ICoI1llp~.'.(
too
li:i'rmM
1..5 ,arnd :l! KOru;, .and 100m·· :
lain .a 'wide IF,Ill~ of mCHl~'ru.oi)ufe!l fe,;.. Fgs, A7:"'F.2a}., IGriOlOOlptJY,Q, 'OCCI.A'S s:lmEi wry qmllt.NId'i rod\'$ of Ih!l· in, Etw,~i;; Fi;mrniibn (1;19,. f'a~~;W !'lOt ijn •hoe Fig, rmet~~~liti;; rocks. Mel~illc H)dls from lite' amm conlan ~I
fililD>-!1'!iMd
10 ooNse·gralll!d
9J~~y.re
in pro9l'e~ly
de@EiF lX)i'll~·a!~eo~
10 IXIOf'se·gaJled,
~eg~es,
inIhe mi~r.e\';,formed
in regoRd
lPol~r)iS;o.ll:il~ lli1et:.mo,r·
ptJl~ hma11.es. The ml(llO$4 ttJICl1lKe$ f(l!I.U1d ! IT! rOl)IdI'jl ,oo-oIled parlrej 1if191ts
for
!O:l...2D mml', firol~.i!d', c1lpfDi~~ ~a-'tllo palc1iDt; 01; neo9lme (e.g'" F¢ fiJ7--'IF2:O) ifl ~1tiJn 10, S!'I1!aIveilill'he <W.llli1l1ll<JtiOIJU. cIIlB1uooOOWlEI :5, mm, wdej. Tille> jQtJOOOf[<ic « ~cha$ rate Qw:;p2ileoutijnEi !»~th!;l ;dj~nl mm;ril(
q,l.lartz., fIll~, ~ I;)lolj'il0' gr;:liGfl 3/',e oorr,!}!:ioo ..Moreo\llJf.;
11100
fn :rubRa"f,1D) oo:nt::cl· metame ~pbi~n
[6'$, Koopl
isse, Wyllie 1~61,FrO!r!~e-'! 1~, ~r eI: ,;;II. 9-66, t\nea;ll ~ 0 ~d!iQ!1!~'9~9, 1H!!\l,IJ1!~f!! ~ ~05-i' ,an$! ~~ i~iy Ede.ntblll to those IO-LlIl.':! in, qtJef'diled pEl't~fII-me!ti~ experiimems (!See~ F5, ·and F6). RMor and CUI'Q<ie., ilitrOO-'~~lw filfJ13 of g~ JilWFiI;I exten~ve P<tci1es of ,glass. ~ '~n '...eillso1 gomare ooml1OOrily r8pOrnsdl i~I¥, v<YlB-li8s,ol glam ,of :!BIi,BH'I1 different IJjIIOIfS and co mpo<sitkl'n:!l ~'B k'llJnd within indi'l'idua! ~es. The gjas;: !X),niail1!1;, 001IF(;1d)ad r ic~ ;Q,f rea::l anl ~a'12 ald leldfP;iI (~Q.. r;!g. ~). toge~ih;!lJ with newly gJOWi"!pr;:n~i'e tr~!a, D-~artz., orthopyroxene f~t[j" Hg, oor,dieriite, ,1I'ld Ii!1 ~nej;liiBl. G1iass a"~ ~fol!lndi q[1l 'r;Q~ p~!~ik:~ i'~}.;ig IPhAQIl~ ~,~ .h<rtwl;lr~ p~liall:.' melloo ,81 m!d-allsl depths {5-?, kbarJ, 001 ~liloel1 brotqrt ri!pltlli/tD llhe I!I!Jrf~8~ :«\I1DDtmlin iM'upiin91~as (Le M,.illref974. IBaxlt1! 1~2:, Ces<We et 6, ~997. Ce<are and Maiooril 199'3)" ~mi} 01 'iOO micr,ostruciiUHls in ttmoo
I h~ P<XI.d;e:o ¢Pnm~ aftlMi IEit~ o:mh~tcJ f1~ii$ (Jf tIJ!.iiill<! fKI <j~ I'eldi$~ 0 r pl'<UoJ:i::jl~. '!HIM;;h oorfUiin i'IJWlce-d int::!lu:!io:I1IS 0"1qlllart,z. bioi i~-e, <rid11P'4Jbd'.nI <IJ1d tiny 9:u!'l8~ ~aJI ill~u~a'n$ ~r!il<!gio-e~, ~~di~ij~e, ~i;lor'!holP)'ro_:;ie;fje., iliUl rn'al;lsl!rUC!ilwe ru~s iih~ p:iiICliB~ 01 1l[;IQ5(!I('M W~!i ::!;itll~ wl'ItJrit 1~I.iti!i iM!jf~.Kl: inM ngtli.J~llr, ~hfJin wr irg sbw wO'lifig. U~ mell ,cryslMiZOO- to 9'\I~ sm:;tj'
too
piii<:m..'ib a~31!l first. <lfld I.liten, ;:u;.tho, tcmpCll'.:1lJrc IIllll'od !!le a:llidu$. 'oo¥se·gOli[1~1 gU~t:!: ,and If~!d~ ISiIIl.lyer 200';), Smil.,. rnJcrQ~f1UC'iure<~;eki!.!JTid ill lM' met<fl~litb a
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p~ui,on ,(M!lJidliidon
Bl~""'n :OOOl, :2002J'. 'T1'f1JS, the ch~o(;~e1i'IS!!e ~epools of mo-ft (Fig;. ~}, ,~d tne Q;lrr'odedbrm
re~~t
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~iiltmt-a.lrrool ...s. bot U~ 'Iorffielf melt is, 110"" repr,esenned euh.edrBl ,~eioo5el in roaf~g{!jned
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ql!!<:ff£, pIaGiQcl~" awJ rK-1e:J"Hi1IoC C~allm ~ef, Un1ortUlnil:fil!t'" I he mD',(l;!iI;wdlUI:;i i'il'idemC6i 10t~llil for· mer· pr13:EfiOE! D~Frl:8II. ~ emly ,m.'I3~~oi':OO il I.he omo,Ulmt
o! melt IPH~Ht itG. H o~.es>CfildI W8S~!,,'OJ Wm:'fe the IpmHI~11f1,lis a,tllIs;[ tl-
CIEWnEIns~19::!9) W.QI'Q :;t)la to Ilst<b![~ tlh~ ~al <ITrQlum$ Q: !f!i1:eI~ 'eJo:Jl$li,ed~n I~ ApPlfjjql.ll<JJt~· ita LIP It! ${)l'! ITTlt from the B.Ii!<dlYU!ltl, ~u!i,COmplac~ Iby U!l'lJ .~~ Ilfltur·oGliITUaWe!; ,~~ Fi~ 11RJ110fiJ11F:32l. w.1l ffi f~ rekl~ graim. ",rt~l 'w~e l' e:<ter!S¢f.s ao:rg,c;.u~~z:qUl;:tt2. rontrel::;, ~2~ mtliOW tltdn::;.'olf,e~~ iblabs. <lki 113
1
VGOO, &wyer 20(1). Ke~ t:liicroSl:r~tI"lJ;e$ are (~) SIi!lo'jl m~ungsI1f oolooedea gain.s. ,01 q;U<1fIZ" Il~O~, ,rffid in OO,tfrlS mr.as., "fB~~, oj'i]ll9tbB grnm boulndml:-E!S D~ Iar~ grams, ~11111e liltcflrlX >(f,.f~ ~h;-e"SIJ'!ng 0'1 1::leM5' mvMJLtf)~lInl doo::r!b9d bt Holnessandl CIIlIil'l.enl.>1~., ~Z:} the' IPJ~ o~' I'f!Qnomin.er·O'jicmm~ 0." th~, rninet'oI$ Oln 'the' 'rn3i rlx 'r;rain~, md (~) mrial!. a.l~:l1le!J",a:I1S' q~.~.~ rli1liner· :lIS~~~M~llljy9l' gr3~1~itllll1~ matru ~6ill, Fi!J. A'l2}. IF'tgtI~~ ~9-F4~, SlOW o!!i(~'oBS. Dt'glll!:
·of HI!! F'F'tar;j!~:'Ali'4l of r~~LIl~OItJ!~n

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Imla,o~ru;;mUf"O fm.loo ii:1 1iIl<IiiIY IrmidlJail ~Iock~ Mo:;:1 ~, Illlild~rgJ:n.1:l <l OOIl!~f~il Ihffi g;e-BlJy fll!.Qdi1 ied the- Q.rqng! .~.
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\lr:ali~ llrus, time, e.ik:lenoe 1m the fermer p:re~ of mell, aelil:6r~1 beliief (ltg, Hlii1.:bard 1S9i7; .A :JiIllulrtlil 198$) tlhal~h~ oomhll'led erreel:~oldelg tiii!<!:kJn, ~eu~;am:'_J1~n ~ld1 as·O.li~.~~~~re~~hrJ! W<!SiI~i!edW\itlhnnan (p:lo'l~ lD.f melf) , if.; 1&"lge~ en~, (;9rdm gJ(WIlhJ.;;II:!d rffirQgr;;r;!~ met:'lllDrphfsm 'i!i'oulb! hwe' ~lii'liLin<!lcd IUltn~ Il1nibFa.:structuFi~ ~Mr~ed dLlifiniJ PoTllai m~i!~'191 r;;:i;:Iwi1 If!! OO~~~" ~i~n~1 mgM!itl9FiPhl~ t~~~~ I!§ 1Microsruct UN.!!$ ii nUn,€! melt-ri ch parts Of pI"'o",il!lllJ,to toe iinoonl:!CL IFOr ex8fllpie, lIiIlicrQlst~udtlfes (ftg3. m ii gm alHes;. eviod,el'nGe cryslall ~i i cncf '~O!f zat: ~6~, !hat r~~1 tlilo~, lp:rOr;!~ 1111 P-'JtHalr"!'f1.al1ltYJ ths m,elt ~:iI;pt>fllrnf;,'in1j~ h~ a;Jr",1¥eO i~1 1TlB!t.odep!cl~IF'Jdf,;;: i'lil UVJ' 1rhSI tlilelt·rK:b palit:s ·of lffiI~rrna1it9!> a'Q Uilo;! m.oiSl 1:keIy to A~riJ~lipi 5Jbp:roviflre. ,11! regolnaJ iJ<ililuite-f~tes {t3 kb.?l~ ~!1Ita'ml miCtoEM.JC!ill!rot evkle~ f'Ol[ Itlfle qyoStali~io:Hll of aTI:i~C}~I~rr~~!m ng,tthe[l[l O!,J~~ t~)-ar 1~" .OOrl1; ~.t&. :.fl\'i;EICI~: 1"!l~_~;.F:g;. F47-F'SSmw I~~ei>::mpl~ Guemllll!l. andl 2eNyei' 20:00). Met;?grlfllWid.e ~oc:'ks!lhere f~om t he r~!iI:l,rne d(lm~!II$,~d Fi~ P.:l9~!'i ~IWr~I;I' OO~ai~1 :~~II d'Oli1lllaJn s (0,5, rrtH1ru ;~1O$$} ifI wl11if,lhl a !ar~ Ilr~legH~ IilliDr,oSlnL!I!)'IUteslrtlom d~e.xirLe mign~ila l~bC!~' l!!1~'ly!il_~ed '91'~1ilS of Mt;.'~d'~ (mo5!i,M., ql.l~ll. ald ,<11'10 ·rel'd:;p;lt 3re ~Iil& moSil liOllumililou:; p~d~ti~ K 01 arp plagodlase n<ll'ij, {:u~a1e exte.miolll:> tlil'03lpenetrale, alcrng tal!mjQiIi! ~fl,eI~ .~ect~ me:I~ s,ea;jliiil ~.5ii()~5; tlha 9"ifIl~llxliLi~Ie.8 bE'l~.Ban tile :Dj_lll. ~Ief; 'Bqu'arnt IP~'oda>o SI~~~~o cry.;i <"iIlizgl ilmolrll quartz ~I K-lcl'd5pa'·, gi.fi:lllS illll~lhe Im~lrlix., These I~ge ifI~etSiUliiaJ '!:1ys1as OOl1lt,<[11 CoIillStB~r!'f!t~, mDl>t miGr.[]iSlrrul[;WIT!ll>.Il.~~D~ 11t'il i:denWf;· ffiij;:ll, rcmn:joo .•Olr'oo;)_b:Jy8d Indu:liolru~of qJJa'lL; ~da9'J, ~jgn Iii!' cry;;l;a~i~ I!flell:,;:·~nl mt!J!]ili<l!it~ i!ilW!'!~ eillner~M' ~ bQti1;~, in <r;ld~io!il 1~ ~Of9'! gr<i1~ ojorthoiP)'ftO~ilime, ~~~s, 'orr lthe m~e oJ ,orys<h. 'w!llr!1l! Il<m cryzt<ll'l~ {~ F3;9" R34~, ltrre~dornns ili'1!I iinl.t!ffpr@iledto bs ates ~"h.et"""9 biGliL!l', p~ocl~j <YId 1~lcn ~1®l,~udloo p2ftt.1y ~~~h:iK:Is:;,li[llp~lit(:;~lISiS ql.!!""tz i'~,ed ~:C1 Pf'O~oe Or! hopy.ro~!eiie <I'IClliirie!t: ~:~J$, ~;~ to ti1~ ~f1~~ irl!!:fM~~ @f!Jl~i':. ~f'I~!.i~, IHie' a:milEl ttj the< lllnkaro~ tiWlm~ t!1~ toltme::i at I.M· ~.;l'{ Imet~ Inoted~'iNC' features, Hl!!tfrle e~tial!y ig1eo~s illl crossmorpli~ te~~~r,e is ~!!.RfIiy pr~\1ed iin Ui~se ror::l<_s, w~tfng pink llauoo~nnal: {1} ~Iil.~pl~lo~1asoe- <¥lid I<"f>eld~ Mo~ ~.. OO'':'ol olloolli!lo!t pr;;)(ilcoo dr.<ilnoo aN'aj/', Ile-rning Ihffi'QCfy!:lt!.! f~w!iwr·(l in oonl:xt wi!h irJ:owiliilll qu::xlz, :;1_;:(11 ~I,lfilt (.:3 wll,"1O) 1~I1;J1;b~1! ~ho;! ~~~'8f?i~ and ~g) Sil'ildl g,;Ui'I$. ol~t~, plaQlodare, bfQt~e, ·and ~~. q!..!<¥rtz,,<tIa p!1goCiase. ~,,~i~1tt;! fQ~«l! iQ P-~@~!; t(l~ S'"~~j;)h~' •• W1d. ",. till;!' ro~':!le-graned Plilts, fif the r~.oo'ln:e. 1lf1l oo'm.l1llmII~ i{oo..tl amd lHom~f!r p9,9:.l) m~ simil;r m~rosimo ,et,Jlhedht l'h~t-aalll,."~$ ~!'IdiO<fe- !ih<i ~Ihe ~~!i'Im~ O'ys;tlJi'~ pr!!i!';l!!ii'!ftId~ouna :!filall •. r~rifj;nar;t pO~h~!l!1 Il'i.!!:!!t tall5;red frQm <If! ,1!JlI;lect;;: mel~,,orr from il. rn::gna (see' .~ !ef~ !'n~ IT!OlJst O~m~ mg"; t~'ia1 W~, aener,ateQl !l<l!j bae!l I~,f .<n:I1 f46)o. :[llili'iillll criit!9riabr id!l!1ltif~rg mi~;@r.a:s 11'03 o:;.;pcllodfrom pan i~ly I!lQIt,od Tortfi(l"'i' IPlub}n~ roCk:J tt:f-il:~bid. fmm :fI i:!lElIt YlElJEI· pr'Dpo'~ by Cuney title in Ell'W$I"I CQ~mbia. Ver,(:;;ili'rl!lor lI1ig"'QmY~tiW~e$ {~ lE!i3rbgy {1982~ffid IIate!' bj! F'I,UiiI:J ill ,ffia HRfte (i9e.9}8Ild rot, me) h~ .&.a beenJrl;lp,ot~ed ill' rnr~i~e$ dwek 'Varoonl ::001 OollfmlS (1':188), oped flom ~utonTc p~(}tolltliis ., .Aird~e-.!lIil {&!JI1yei' :20~~}_
M~~p~'Q!e~ic fil'iiil!ilmE!r~n, e1:iI, 2~(l~. S~!!d et IlIl 201!l5}, a1d Fhffil.erO:ro~ {E':fOWtll gMi2~ reghntll<rn8l:e' ClIC lerFalei. !~~m,.. ~$, the ~brmer ,pr~i~ Qif rlH;llt ~ still bo irITcrrLl!di fram U1Q diSlJjbutiQ~ of~~ll 9r3J!~ (i~ ~~~!: ,pl;::g0d~, (It' IK--feh:l~ I~I Ui)e llil:altil){of II~ger re~du~I~"r.~a>.~1fI ~!ar ~m~ la!e:f ~~o9q,~illor~rlJnrill.ne' gra:~ bOlJnd'eries hall,oOOJHedI[e.g" H Ef~.eI and P'aiU:KJrI
,01 I.liili:i f1tt-toW Wlifl>!; ,cia:e::til.el ~gn<tlites ill tfE ,00ntaot a.IFeole .......,und'~he (j uluth Ig-na:rws; tQompJle~ . wm.i5t of r«~ (1-fl~ mm;ij" ,ailnear,aj g-,aj_I1~, lJn5lr aned c:1
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I{.;nal'd~lr" th~
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FSa, ~:tilIe'priSr1ilalic ind~o;ns ~'e eomaignced (S!mye:r~O()'II}. TogetHer. tlliQlJ;
mkta:stltlC~i!.J~8~ Indicilte ~Iltlt Ihe mrtilll PrlsrmllliCl 'gfrnL'iS ,cr:;'5I~!i:red1 lin, O~lp~m,,·~ of lh<i m'9'1<1 '11iMl~ + emraioo::i cryst.fs}, f!!1!aII~ ~p;~J:ized,
mel.
,and wet"e alg.w by ~101'1 b~or9 ~:h""melt
the pke$, whE;f,e ~:11e ar& ~hr8e r'&9me'l:, briSi3don k:lEtlo,n dimelt 'P~Elt.t!!tlt." 1111<111'9 of iii\1!efEH;!:;I ma m'9ll<I~ 0 ~M, >, 0\45), ~:If!e ~_bm1g1llt'!lK; ~O <: 1M~-;:O.45} ,. ,i'UHI lihe' w'brolidl.Js (,i'!-lr =, OJI; too ~vr.-.aib regimQ\ Ih<lS1b9~n 'alb· !rd: FIll BI1i cr'fSl~ltZ6d. nere
o~ iinlle!"stillld Cjl!8I'H: thEt Ite;pr'Sset1t
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in, tlhe tlilL\1ffi<'llic cfil':!l~ll.¥ wi::il&ly5p~1 &.or!iJiled
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regjomil mfll:Grn(lrpr~() ielrrW1l!ls are ~~e~t firQm 11'Ml1~ ~n !;X;nI~t aJ F$O~ ThE! gairn :!ii~ j~ m:ll:5iti!er· ~J~ la'g;r.r ~ Ilil:X,(l ~ni!mlm! iOJlld f<fjO!ll'CIi ,of tim r:nioor<1s ~ i!iFy::.talf~ IN~Hhs~:>:5, Hl!;l Pf~~ ID~ GUh~' dr,~ ¢!y~~~ oi~e-:~;¥ lin, ~oo~ 1T1${R,;p, rse, ffi'7) ~ ~ di~OO!ilti rni9nn;;tli~es,Fi9~ FOOlIR!Ml,~Ih;)J: ~ O"1'-ct~ h 1'~;gaI!1~ ~er"cr~ojliliing U:l'!ir..e!'<'l6, '$ltd'! ,as (lj.!a'n: or K.r,a!d~, I"sth:.e mo:;;t wdilly u~ lif1icr'o~lnl,lctllJreu~ irier, f .'~I'lgllh~1o~1i't'iItI' Pf~ of <l11il11'iit,Of 'c,f m;;grm;!l, In t1t9_0M
m;;tti~:es,~rorn m~rt]~~t~~. ~h~~t g~ idi(;;g!~Ik;" ~!I@~~ l~n'Q~~~ 5i1l11 mineriM5 U'd imrele'lll indusimslh<tle oEhl been IU:sed
to ro~~iI ~ilIa'.;.h6
~rgt!![j.;~ ~:!:!t~ iO~ lbetw~ rot<i~1!J o:ystoiS, 'call eeeer, ,trul is rw1J ~,ilb;wt ~.F>.1(11mfi GI .,;t '1~, n,D~~ iOlii,~ ~D~~,~ur<ll GfI1!~iawil,!'I wmliil to [Q'enW~!1f1!tgT1;'!!~fZY1i!'!1iol1!$; l]TI!i!l1:er,~(;:tht!l ~he Qr%lai~
:;tIdl~:::il f1iI~ ~ kom, 011' were liml .~he rn!~;:J" Ilnllllrt h:ll'oOe IPrflfemldl oriena
~atiQl~" <0(:11~~. (;JUOl::'n: ,er\!'st~ and do.m<i:~s ill! 't h~ l!1aJ:f~~ ;}i"«und.Ii1:.em:1 mouki bel eq'!JW1lt, ;n;I ther'ei ~y!d t;o" liiD iIW<ayslalli"li!e dd.onn:;lIlio~o;r rlllCt~<JIi~bnl {~g.. tni'l~"' IQ~ 'E;«!!~!('l~, ,geiQ.rfTI;;t~r. ~,"" II»I~~'~ ~!?:;r~r'!-$,
If:jinks,. Delli. 'cJe@i~,plffies, air evideJU;! of, gr<lin,ooml!:la'Y
to ~f>e~' C1''Io~ .. I]l2:O!!kln !ilIt!l'-li pt19~~ (111 Oi. me-Ct {S{Mia !)fldI Fbll!'ell 1~90 F!or~ct iII_1%lSl, 8r:ai1lJ ,~ dj. lB96, ~iOOi if:! aI. 199.. Etel~ and IKat 19'till Simyer et aLll9W, l Ai~q.; ~l,MI!,j!r$r OOQ~" 8ar~r ~I ~~ii~ 2()(H, ..hhn~t'!
eta!, 2!001~} ...However, 'rilher arteria,al·e mlr,e. !,Wiethef'~a mlli1!atfall 1$. !~:e'IProo;ll.lielo! lperil:eteltc Ineeded to deler, <tI Inco n~l,la:!lt
mig'", ~.n, 9JCh, 0I$1O~e: oo~.mdar!e-$} !11i'I ,af:tl¥l~ ~:bad¢l! .. r.Qll1· dtt.inilg Irnil1le1f::.!~, Olr i[:T!rhlJ' In1;,~~i!i~ l;JI,larl;;;,. Eio;::;yn!lr~ of the mia;:wlu::liUre d~,poo during tll~e rli;Jw 'o'r no;gna ~1 ~SI;iI;Idt'" fI1Ii9~li!e$""-t;I ~Q~!1J i~,M9$. fl>g-~.
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p..'l.as.:l!} ,andd~poed 'CI'c~Sl" 'f<'D'!'.i ~ I~.,!Jew in a mel' ,.or w'h.etlirel'the m[n· er:al aya:tCrtZECilftam tlte l'rn3il (Let, Irtqlii'dL.l~;~i_'I1h.e pr\e<eriee 01 alne<ir,aJ ~lr~ looffieS, au::h ,ffi:!iirool\, iit'! tetloo:~'mg aid dial@liil!9S aI~ !1m:; boo!"! IUood as ·g~ld8r.;CQ fQrO'~EJj!iZ!tio::1 from·El.lfli!ell! ~~.g., ~'e-t ~ d. 19'9.5), A, D~J
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~ tl1lis iotmt clu.5t8i!o d~ litibric8l:oo !fir "matll' sr:aiiis ~B1umenfelti aid 80 uehez 19&9,;. !Je1olllre et 8j..1992,1007; m Arbaretst ,~,1iSl1l!iljl'04l7j <I'Id tlhle ~bllfla;rn<i ~ Iregrr1'9 ~irla A.~n:!m~~1t; '0. a-~<!lq,g]~IQr;J~, ,..,I;! OiflCe !'o~m~l, t he ff,runewDr~ mat become dJe[m med (lZoiUCh.e.z eil all. moo)_ A MO'"rti~m:tjlic iolf.jJlo,ii 1~,Oml!l' im wnidi. ~ fr;;jfi')!!!Nori!:: .:;.! ~ill~ cr~mfc'lifletlI31101 ~Ih:a,'e tw:Jitle ae(OlifllOO bflor8~lhoi lini.erslil~;j 1m<gli1i.vCfy9i<4IiZ8d, 11i1l003', IhB mero$Ir'~Llf;<il
OIfEt
of fel~. nt!aU il<llS<I$) iJeen u~, to imeoJ Q:' ~~OlIi~'iH~n Iroli!1 a mall 01 m~m;!l (~'l"tNjtlS7, IKbtiill m ~. i9S7}. In par •• titiJltt., ~Iflml e1 .<d. ~1i~]7) JiGtoti t rti~f liit1kiti3 'oreur$ OJily ~ ~iM~ol tile !elIDOOi'ri:ethe'i~ooia1, ~ rrr.tOCl)vi~e. or.ly inl he ffifltEl"l"; IhErY inIBrpt'~.ed thIliC a:;. I he, pmSflemw inw<fQ ~Yl,H!l!i!m!~n of OIAnel~ i~~\!thidfJ Ht~ !;;rOt W!l.:!me ,~'r m~: im d1!6 ·Ci;tma:r ~,inalij' bae.Tlll:a 5l.!'J~l!tiem!¥ hProu~ to
'Cli!~~iOlfor iidienti~rf~ OI! aubm'9TIati~ ki,li~i'on pr{;ose!lltct! :of Wrl:rl'.Cr~!l't 1iIWne .aocmmailion"~ lilii !hEtr.c~I~io!1l.dE:iliiili!i9~d
QqU<Ji'It
nt«
the
fi3~iJrB$
k~Jk-rDril11lI;9
minerals., 001, nel i1 t~
irilerSlI~ Is.! oom8.l~lM)1quar to!' wliidl
r!9rt'kim
ln :ti<pB,
ln boH!1 lh,! ~ol!ilaliol]·
lr.triZI.Cr'~Sl:,;:I]llfnl~ del,onnal.iclliI booomo

De'fI;)I[
ct)'tldlizti, i"i'iu~~ill\!l_
d~ilnil:1:(1 mi meHljS, ~d! I ne qU'art.ZOO!fIi]>{;ins. Wlflioh !l1io1{ 11M'
Ma.grnaliic and &.llbm.~m:aticfolii,aliol1:s

A8:l.Y 'Of t~ul~ CIi~51.aJs ~nd~ illl ."31 Ii1lQ1la beQ:)lIiIiIe alliJi1:0d1 wring flow 'Gf H~8< m;;yma, ~I Imma fo~<uion, 11 1$ iLFrlp::l!l~itI~ i;le~lifiy a.dl, tI1!Ogm~it: 10 ~a;Io::l$ in :m~ I!() ti~e~~~1.1 L1the 1!eld,I~~ Ih-ePfot-l'em i5:10' d~in.glllish
ob'ngato, in<l!wlQs dQi'onm""'Co'tli irnlha oo'lkl :;IJa(l" tiI'IaJ~ n 1m the ~i1d $Ii<t-e' liS~m;."i'flY d1a-~er~ed . by <I. de:;:r(j~ lit! ~:T~jn5ize, .~_ndl .;t higl;i s:tr"ns:, by~ihe deve:ia-'pn~t o,f mYimlite, U:rIIotlunate.ty. miDroSl:r,ootlt'CS t.onl1ed Inl elth~~ he ~a;;rna.!LC'Or~'9I'1~k: ~a!~ OI~' e~1y de~rQ~ iii d~:nmitrQ:n ool'lli!lW~' intQ the ~bwlO·
tl1~
flr~1T1 ~~'I;IF1i:;;
fu!i<!!il;ll1;~ (i;mFI~
~ ~~,
~~d
~~'<I,
Wsfegime.
Cf~:efia .Dr iderl!lilyil'lg m:igMic '!ollialiom: lh®te beell dMbped (erumama'kl ai'td IElMJohe-219a8, Paileqs:J1n at aL~9891, A~riillOf~t eI al~995,}. 1Ft! ~. In.ese !fI'lIet!lO tis oo.mpar:{I~iho dilgooof in! r1U~:a11 no d\1klrm1ti!:ltl III ~Iho fQli~IQIiI·~!j)i~ m'[l¢1"~$ wrt~ t~ !~ t~ ~J1I' d;;:ma!~:;l
M eU
Malt in, Or
IIIi1!
01usilons
bo· tr~r)(td
as itldJs'ons linl
<l!
calli
too minor<-is tlim

~WII1
'9'00
[p
crys!d1i;;:cdl~~m"
IlJm!l:
ex:~plQ'!;U!'J'
F.gs.
F70--f73.TheIefore,I'he
"e!l~balilm
o! melt i~:ns
30 --------------
in mi~nll$ illl Ulia neo~me is dea' ev1'dellce'For th!e pre 8008 of 111llillt. f1~i::I ,cooling.,~ O>OOUfS in f~ly 1i3':i:huim",,~I!, fDiliilll¥
{is)
'7'h~ibuk ~poeij~;o1'1
IllOO:DIilliEl, iml .11~
o~t he neo~me ~~o;l~rnoliT!ly tile'

'folrrn3lKllnl ,af
Brain ~IElIiIII
&iIiI1i1
as, th& !ho~. 3. rBru£1t ~~ti~llll"'~1J

('EI~,
mted DfU5l~ );;aoolit~5 {C~e,
a~. jl_ 3miJB)" wil h~
too'
et <iI.l'OO6~
ill
ql!!etD! rniel1 linCl!cSii)II1S W :[I!1'Iss. Me'itinCil1:iO,n$,thft Q,Ul600ed to
wnidll i8 tile reffi,),ll oo,m.e '~~Ih€i'
it lis:Lrut Iffilitt !'~ooct!aiiIC, However, on follr,roim~si<ll1

~;S$
g:<ss m~
oo~:<iIi1~!rluc!lu rG!SdlllQ\ ~iIlls!llrink¥, 'lhweP$l:i;lfllll~995jl" ~ indh:i· .~ tlley m~ edCfl, ·~rueompo;ition c
n:90'9;m1.'9 has OIl Q)(~
whio'h r~i'ftble
5i:JlmSue important, o~~urr.:il <I:l.'}UIC~1c rr~~bto b!: d~h~flll:IIim.tlCl Howmier,wilth oo'oYeFwo~rg, t Me iliti'l!t cr~$l,<t!ires; a}~ tt"ie I'om.er melit
indlu,ion:;; m~ be mi~~1iI ~"Olio\et'!o;oked. pI\I<l:SI]. '(~J[)_, ~) 'fo,r ooltd mi~r":l if'lclr~:n s 31d
buWl~
~m~ITent!O t~~ i$ reodiJly e;.::plai!itedl bytlhe

Qr w·~l.IdI!y till, ,Of the, me:Ji (Hi.z!lilMn5' t999, W.~Jetr:l: .2001, Whf1ie 1M oJl_2004t
cf ~me,
e! ~,
'1996. :Sa\lljl!r
rud]1 iFlt"IOrnH'IO [Ij
lFI1e!~C!iatiG., ,(G» iI'!le

Ipo,tphylObI<2St~..,'el IF:~ Fl~ .~ ~OO~, Wlhiito F7.5~, 19es) wre
!e!'rOLlrl~!leffffi
PO,i!<j!'obl~,$or (su
intet'g'owlil
\~fllll!bteb!;. p<ilcll~
i~
litO1i!10ger,iZ<lOC!lil 'l:elitipetOiure
.3J wlien
<I'!d
tiho Cl'y:j;31s illll'o~mor molt inc:luoo n~,disqppmr i:lto ~siIlIg)) In<t;. b~fi! uSld 'tl!i f!lfcr~ h~ 1~IfIi1,JXir~.uFC$
ot~,:lO(4)
Ilornel!;:e o! 'Cp,iartz (eo.Q" Wa:!'efS aTIld, I1I1OHI J3'QIy; with, lold~ llii J~1l ~ tlm~ iJ'()1~it1bl~.iO ililte:rpr!t1~
(BlrOO)i ~t:!l.
Ih~ ,fldistirct
aJt:(l_
~ Wili¢rn the- if!l~~ W~e '~r:opped ,~P::!u~~ in their ooSl,S,. Mo~ no,t<tliy, tilis ~prooch li~ beenf.t)piied ~o tl".6
thHi OOmailS 5i1~lf!loollte irdU5!OI!ilS, bj~ and Colll1n,1 (1986}
no qU!lI'tz. li1i~s., ¥flm:m
stud!!'!:)1\oQ1~~·~
Co:rldlillef iite-,
~I~
piUtO:1!!c·f,(ldo;!';,
quar~ z inter,growth
le5lZeJ
garnet-, :sndlow1hopyr,oxeneIffiiller O$lrucU..Ires

~tlI,. la, .:i and ,ortlhClPYl",e.:.:ene., WU~ qpla!
The Interg(i ..... i.m nfii'9'!! poik~IQbl'at.t~ cf ~iiiat ~h
e:~ o! ~ell1il.
ror,dieile
:.l
a;li:I :llIrro'Ull:dod
b~ ~okl(4)ar. ls.a wry
tlJre in lm~:me ~RJWlfiU ~ Iib:binoon ig5j. B<(lWln llfl.$3:; W~'9I"S' ;:mil W lil,a:esHl.s4, W <Il:~$ ~800, .~I)O·~~iB<rbey gJ: OIL'~990:,Sr ~n ~! ~t 1995.; f1t~II1!ClM·~ a, 19!J6; Swtyer eli ~. t999: Ol'iv.'Jr e!' 31.. 1999,; Alb:idc: <II1d IMul:'.er 200 a ~ W lilIil8M at 200';} .. IReId ot)$;!r"'~ ~!i'!5 l[~ eK~~es inl FiI)S, e..::,Q-E.t:~,} ir.;d~e tih.:r:i this mrcw~ruciiJum {Figs; R~-F77) do,'),o~nm oeeur in tine 1!i100~iii:~ d~lf)p;;tI!f[jm Hf) o.@j)l.Il~!X:i I!fiCl~lfi(1..0J mUi~~itIHt'e~OW!fil r~tiQlnSi {Tr~ aoo ~tiin~n 1963)1, but Ililajj it is ctJ.arfd eri~ic laf t!l€l bimilte.d~hydlra, t",n~~tit),;]l if~ljQ.n~,thOit 'Oa.u In!he t1!XlJle1ir',.;I~ P<if~e o~'m9TI~it!! ~etr~me:;;, The' detci~~ Qf tlhi~ !'1'Ii:;oosln,!~h!re'
oommcm rmk:rQ9J roo· Downes 1900~ira;y Hld
~&! .al[imarrrte~be-aTrll'9 'OOt1E!$ to b9. Pcf!HlIeQ$Ome t~~ l~ IFbWf!!I o'iYTidlD~w~~ ~,9'\1{l) m h~:e EI~~. (.:;!;DI(l4), in rolllLmsl. ,rurJ;J:~~J~dI ~.ha1~'Ile IOOlr~.lOo looul'd 1i1<lJJe 'gtUWll ~rl~ the mm~lill9 t'e<lCt~olrl. !nl m<'!il)' .~ 1M IlefJ.OOcr~ ~ P'ffl 01' t~ m'OI%me ls ON'ned, lil~ fe[1r9:m<91e:ll1lfl am;! lis ,a:,IrJQullded: by ~ linmar' I'~~ .. rc ;arcnu1USifctil in r lK.t.aId:;pM; 'whldh is; imElTp~etedto be tlttoe!;t)M prmuct of ~he lllo:irn~Ll!~: m@lt 1119nt~tla'l1l_ Tille mJ~@'r zo 118 0i:I n!>l~:s oj q:Liillt.:, K,{tlf:J!:p<t; :jl q,Wlr.'!.~; i~is,1nte.tpated 10 nala' ~ Ibeem der~~ lr'llmthe ,;:fR.rui!i;. IreIL. (Sl' G,enerall:r; the'
quartil !t1I'~ poi~'l:il;:rsts ~nn~$to he

,tI,
~'hl~ m,;,nH.e ,~r.alled
moa
Ilzy
~
~50 1TIlE! <1.l~h;lrs)
Qi
q}.!!iI"~:Z th~:
~rro:ur.ds the'
IPD·~ila.bla5ls.m {i!E1!!3 ~
~lIIes:it
fmmfel~
ifn~li1ieneofDmB'
OIOCIFT1J_
~~ ~~~k_<b11 ~m1i~
dom~jns of rU"Ol;l;l~'
lkit
aHt'~~~:ed
O~!lrer~
(~l Ttte
hwe ,;I ~.n:heJ dif!u~ <'fl~gin wi~h~lfl
a 111n.M1o~me~ .(;2) Tlhlil lnoornmlil~efid:s ~j) be' Ileoo:Jatialic r<l:l.l1er t h~IIP~Cl'-.t te' im:~ar<ll~. prl;i~lI:Y ~~ tti~
mel~ocr,;::jiei milllel'i1ls n,re ooI1.Ceflir~,ed 11:lk)~:~e'_ lDol'il!2Im {3j ~n~.o,po,ikilbbtasts,
IMbd'eI~p'cpo$E!d W~ tM IQrli1ilf<!!io~01 th~ in'lergrowtih_a ale ~ 'on kinffi~; prioopl'll!it tl:ile laiffiwllty 1m rud'€IaI· 11t'9;:)f11d gro''i'lilngi the ':nl'd ,=mb~ prodlDld, orr on t~5!ClW' C1!~f~~jjl .C1~ S and AI in mel~s. 9.uw,e ,m IAJweU {1009l', f'bwai:i,a:l OOIi'llr.es(:li9:00), ~IWM:a, ~~.al. (2IiJ~} lr~;~d t he. ~~Ii~nl ai' ~ii'l~ ~g)rM' as· 00 n.~o'I!ec!1by 'tne' IIoC<1iolrn o~ thfl rU:!;ffl of f'BmJIilfk"glut,iM liFii~1li p:rcdJJ<:ed f;!p"ne:~ if! tr~:r 8;(~plt!!~., w~kh ",i(pl~~ ~!,!B I';rlt:. o] il rlim
O,1l1Tiell'llieOOme. 8afbey oSIOll, '~11999) IPrO!Xlse:::l1 Ulii'li the diSc ~}lutioR ,01 bklt.H) il:lto l:h0 me:it to m~ rorcaimite ruru!'ioo
ailIddli
!lI:l~. i~
ptid), 'D~mOte ~1i!1~riya o! irr~Ia'I~
(if neoOOfil1l& h:M! a naHika 1ll1OrP'hobgyCD!1iIptJ'~
tin
<l"
l!:lea ~tQ'
lin AI, ~linicWI 'l\ia!>oom~~n~~
r,{lF by t=IE!'
ai,
2t!i04},or <n::IltegLil~1lf ~d et!:li. i995)'. (4) jH,l;lsj alld l1eQ!;I;lme h~
PI"''''
smped
(Tf,;:CY BIle Fbbi~ln
'~!m, ILite et W
:sagrnatJs,~
dili'erent
BiJaJIl
li~li9"~l!e!nI dis:;cMwrl ~nlot h!i! me~ Q'j' M>1rby lafd~l ~.h!! rorullirJ8 qJ'l.l't2. Ibtiir.;g ihterfPowri wil.h 'th~· mrdie:l'il!'!. W<d:e~5~2@(lil}~1~~ $Iowut dl[fl,l9"!llil1
mineral
'h~
tt1ie WiieroSl;r~ni~·
t'e~.jl~
pa:'agi9~; IhoSl!s am~a11'lp!~c1Me.lbbt~ei' a'KIl q!.JlaftZ. clil'il.1iI1 'W~ hout t;illlm.nta, ~wIilElr~ tnElliieornllilB w!'Il;jns orr
pI~od!a~" iLa, ga-net &ti~.e ~H~ar. qlJiJ'IZ aIildl QIi1Ie or Ili1iOr'B {~r oordier" (lIT aTthoFf:.'t(](!;'SMS, ,and 1~lIIWemte' Im"'9neti1Ie,. Or b.H li 11Ii!~ oocuJ as. a, rep!~ or
Q
~~om .he ki:~et,K:'oo'n~ml imptJ~1
bot 9
gID
.,0,1, ,1119, 1l'I\}~
is generrulyebsen:.
mr1ll1l 01 gJrllet, oordi~I~9, 01 bi[]<Ht~ lnJ'lh~
n 1il.o!Yl'FOOC€!n!l. The rnoorm

i'li!!D~u",n~ bLOMe"
1nI,IO!1jl!ll!;l W.gg;l:;i;18 ~'ll
d'ffiydrcllofll'me!~ing re'OCtim in whLti!iI oolF~r!lle. ~l1et. <lild Ot'~looJOyrQx.en;g· ... e ~he ,::oUd prodiio:its ,of rr'90l:t lilt).
of ~11@111 ~~I~:;; fi .. mil lilt h~ ilKl:;lrpomtfQH of QI,I<Irtz., 19u,)'I';'1111(2C'l)<1i~~'!lQ ~~~. Ir;lGll ii~~ air ~W!;li' $tti!!5$ Iinlii?l 'OOii!rQ~!'M iiiiti~ iid:>tkilfl Q,1'tli~ ]9rWlJ:Gt tmimm1s and the atDJImu'latioll of 1I1l'le.~ tlla. is produeed. ~I1I1IJXlna;!tly•. ~I ~he ImIQdet··oM petro~ dbser~IC<t1$ lir.;lic;ie t~ '!!ii~ t),?eooJ lIllicrQ~If\lc~!,Jre can be J:,Ij~ tl;l li~f:i' Iblmite de:¥'r.~i'otn mellllil,9t h@ growtlh
~es:
,;;Ij
1]Q;t.1 ~1;6!itlof
iSi
it~ ~
;..Jli.II;.,I'._._",;_r~_l.:;:i,!:~nL_-lL_~I!_':=II
.31
Hornblende del1)draiolil mel~iinE! il! ~~ pr'oiolah~ m<Ei1 prodtli::e I'lBOSJli3et~~!ith smilar 'lypi3G ,of mraoslm~llJre~ dl!l1i1(, OOtm mn~!!t!ii9J 'ofJPI"f(]~_8:fIaand guli1l~ :!l.Ir,railii1ded by ,E'J_ le!IO:)('l'a:~ ~11e. Or IOO<t. 'I:lf IP!t.(j:)tI~ mti QlliIftz. Hiow.EIWl', more work i:s r~)JirQdI ,on Imfsmaii~'I3'S'd"ll'~ filO!ii1 maio pf'otolm~s.
r!lijp~
~d
a'),
~"I
,aTIO~,!ni:s (rf
g<lfne'l, ~rdie\ri!e,
is ~t~
OT
ortillJPY·'
rO~lInil, 9olca.rse tl:rBiil8 aril r,8pla::6meni: mic:rcSliruc~~res,
as
lhe, prc~t
~mblq
I.hE, ~'
p~~a~oclase' mica wHh

all
Sympl ecli'tic in'lergr,owths of ,quartz and
ooalir';;;i,'theta, is lIE, polehl:ial 'thal Iii rie-t,E'l-s; in ,;3. migm3!lIle will re2d, wiUI Hie relTlailll'lg ml!ft. Thn!tre!!ITe two types of ~ea:llo[l: {ljriir!ai melt r~~HIigI wliih, 1:!1Ie- resid· IJ~I roM ~ {~~ ~U5, IIu1cJ Ir'~ting wi~h r~ ~lI'cl. So!1il1 Fflo'Qllo'EI,Hw ~rl)l."lQn 0.1' In~' hydrQ~-$ mll1;sr· ~a. R<l:!d~r]9i b;Ji",,~~~ ~ht;i Wldl l!1IQ'lBn1olliei d mclt l\;?It lin the r·edli;, m! tile r~ a '!;!;lid IneceSS3'~ OOOJf ,II: tsmper~ur'B!i Oi or <DnlilEli he a:'lltdlIrs., wd m ilr~ ell liFUer,e;! itere. 'O'lte Q~tive cllihi~ ~io n islo' idem:~)I' I he micro,·
shucilUf6'S asIDoialBd ,['Ot S511\d ~lJi!IIHd! -
lile' t'eiiiCtM~ a:;:se1i1it;ij~ un ~ime Iprogd'Je ootlt-ede~"rjdr"U-i:l:n Ir,El<Eti!:l:ns. m~ '<lLIlh:m. h<Y9 lirrUlfpr,eh3d t h~m as Ifea![titD:gf'fomllie; l1e~rg:n '01,;;i!iih~t'QI.!:~ :eoilidmiii· er:al!Ol!j\Ilh tlhe r,em:.liningl 3"iiiectlic ITRl1, Comroo nl:;o'ciied roilirlor;lS<reGtt.:!!:Crl[J", Ki':a't miftlt,= 81.4 Fh atz.:! 91 ~ ocx '" m- t;; B+ R+ 'OIl. How~r, W,i'!!ers (aO'Ol) I!IJ(pHIS9!KI1 dil Meni op"j1[on,m proposedl 11h_',ltis pa-<:I, t !b,!1a; mic:rostrlUClUre mtJiJl'd be CQli'iWer,ed tO~llii;er with olher. !(h;S ob~iolJ~ mii::f(Mltructurw ((l~ F(j, FE::;!l' ill ~M' ro~£ ~IS, im.rot.\I'Q bio'til!1'); Wid !;i1~;l!11t~ ,~~ oxonn.fl~ ifI !Eli.lltnerr<11: :20CD5}.Th~ ~ d. 5.!~' I h~ a lmore eemp!;oo; OWJa'l r(lrc:ik!<llll'CQLirr~d ~ tlhe mell W!I5, crystflilizing inl ~h.e' Ir'O~ all helU.gh I:he- r'f'llilli was n(l~ cllr~! Iy u'MJ't\,OO ~l C!'~ijng ;ny~tioJlal DI~o~ru~r.n. MIIIl')I' lo,w'gi!dJe migIllaliles
Ih~QUgll Ih~ br~WI'i
wii'h Ihis two
of ra;dkln.
The
IILliid
iin whi'cl'l meitilll i~whd1
oOOCurll',ed
r>BEdioi'lScan be dtirNed ftolii'llille ,cr!!,Sldlizatic~ Ol 11MMtIl:ecllc nil>l'gTlalin,Whi::fic~ liMe re a ::1 ions, mo <11 nOal[·~I'dJs phooomol1clIl" As "-1 <lltClillna· t~w,the liu"doould 'rnme'wm itm e-,(Iem~ :lmme', andilihe pr~ss,ooQ.lh;l t~EIi pr~.~ 9ibro1)dl.lst9IiJ1plil1~1Ir9S; which cQylci e;o;Jt~nd ~""')111 Hirf;lq,j~ ~heo ..-npnlboo;rrte, 1~ 11'IiI,W~" srtJi'sii: ~mes: the."lOl I'oW~i:,emrflifallm3' Fe.ffitfol1s v~i'loo! be colridMi!!d1 ~urthr..
QI F!lJ"i~vile Q:)1lt:i1n ",;joq:rUS
1<f,,,,,.!O!IigO'I!licrcstrvctYr~ l
O!lali illl,e.grO'O'U'1 ,al ~Ielal h $f:3j1y
K-ifll!ld1:p~ is: ~'eP'.iIXId

19?:-2.&own
mlJoco¥ile' .a!iId qU<vIZ; 'geIl-
~~"'EJd
",Un
Il'iJtlf1ll$t~ (A~\Qrth
1'l'!oi'fiptDfi
~f003.} ~ RlWi!!U,(1'~) aro~ed lh~ I.lie F~ §f",'ifioll ,~f HP} li!i!im;:~a,~bl~ ill tjglil-g,i!de ~o!:ii:siiS due to ~liIe-folrmooioll ,m :rub-ooquenn. e~ '01 ana,ect1.cmel!. 'T~, rem:lvai 0-1HYO w,ilh lhe ~ngtt IfFi'iiti> theexterli' to w\h~ ret1rydr-.::tion~'ioliB oa:1 t~ pl~ r ~'9ctlitll·lb IiwiU'O~rlJctllf!!S bel:WllflrlJ thQ mX:a:l. md (~ eI ill. 1~. Il30mvn 2Il1jl2) as.llI1!il miglltl'lllile, 't€!!f1laJ'l€! ~O!It: a;loem 10' rncfrQale U'ie; rij'~lia!'l1 (l f ifi~· (XJc'ls Mel the liieltory5lalllzes;, Altlmo'lJ~ I"goa wkii'i1e~, ,gl a',s w~ih m<ihl'j axloot to whfchdh_ mi~rOSlm:tLJrtlS m~: Ciliil btl ~trej,<I1~ Iitl a,~~,1!:d n,tfr<.lll~ not <Jjl t!"I<l1 ic I;~ ~1b~1 dep~ Upon ,~0;\1 ifi!'iIucn 1ii'i~I' WooD pt~ Jr1~ is,,e;·~r~ted 'rifOF!1, Hle' ~!.lr<e ~Qo II"~ pll!i~gf'!ii ,at e!11. Ttnere1C1're" ini~~1 lii'te' diSl:riDU~j'oln rmloros=:ri.D:ut-es oJ hi~her l'evels in t!!iie'~,u{ii;,~ M"l'QIlrMsO'f me':t r'e'm::jndn pi'oduc9d ~ Ill! 9 51~ olf CI'~1lIlJz<ti:o n 1IX'illioDII mfcr1),· PCI'ckats,aJ'IC ali:mg I~' OOUlId'a'~ be! ween U~ mli1~r"gi>IIFI ~r'~L~i"e$ formedl i.!iflder ilff#i~tem,~rall!j\e alJ~rd_$ the t,e-.irl!liaJ lrod<;;:~GI,i-ert1[n~and ~)!'IeT20 03'), :<rid a.~dl oornd[~kms m""i el:~b~eahli I'oci cf net b~ of me- to be .. Bl1i10UII,l 01 rmelit ,a'w ~email.lSilnlll.el!eu(X):5l:).liIle (C~iBiiIelli eiSlil~i:ii,!id! frOmllhotlll wh~ fflii!:11. es .r.ot11f1l.ilatfd(,Of h ~. aI.1iOO1). 'l'I'I1~liTI~or ~l.In! QI rel!idmiJ mel! re~$ with was inj~ec!)'; tlie IOlfmer ;;noY11 '~hltrit :II Pl'ooO!lii!'lmoe, the Ir'~LlE4 millefals during t he fin!;iJ s1lqi!sd C!'),5Ii,alliu;l'ion 01 rnicro&rl.lctuFI05 i:uil<A1ivl} o1i rorollorlJ batwoon Iho' andl pradlDlS n8'll" rnaCSlJw:1IIJIIS: lin ooith tile reSdlJal llfld rear:lual n1~t and ool]d, wlhe'r~ the- ['OIUer :u.ould \Xii'1ita11 mel:·tibh p'iit~s"ol tli:13, rrl;gtniJIfrta. m~re ex':e~';'e' evide~ ¢Ii reh:r:lnl:bn inwl",i'~ r~ Ii!lrfl betWeetn the rei§:tJi!lJro!m man a:'llJe:ms flliJlid~e.g.; AI' h~LJ!j1 ~I rnj~r ,ib.ilid~nce, ~'* ab" ~he i1Iiici:'051F,u;;;liU;~ ~~r et ~L~OO9. BII'IJwn 2-il O~. W hrl~ ~;:;i. ~OO~'. (f't!!s. f45-F4Ei.J ae a. ch3rid<:fiiSllk; 3')'liI1I:l1!BC1:n:e·~ iil~et· ~th g~' :~Jl;!l!d Igr tllW!y ~r~ biQti!t1l;l wi~h q,!I"t~ 9r CompoSition and zoli"il~ng pla[iioo~ ~AsIlui[)riil19'iiEi.JltileSa'i!rl1 BrOWIl 11000. BrOWI1 of pi~oo'lare a'ldl ~t:n l'OOS" lR;;Itlh .aM H~I!ay 1995, ~'lagsma:n ~ Heii5el1l 1998, ~!fer 19.99.,Gu~rl1ina aldl~)'er :200~). BJwen (19f3J Slowed 'IMI durin" ~he m.ejlutl\J !ill plaj,o'" c!'1m; tlho <IIbito oompoOOlli fr<Ct~mr±@s into 111.0, molt, ood qU<iI'l<l ald K--fijl~ar {N'fmolll {II aI tm}, OJ ~<1i fold· !n", r~lI'I<IlliI:fi19p~ ~ I]fi:Qr9 ~c, CO~lm~I,~, !he ~. ~dl plagI~q~ {W~'Br:;rozyl~;th$ iillor'ErOwllh !Q~IY'
row·..,'
!:\Itdl McLellai'l ~OO5,V!l'eber et d. ~005}., lim.a.~ml)l'~i!e~li~ rntro~'r~ttli!e g¥I""r,ally' Ilnl,erpl!eled ·~obe~ile re:lU11 '01the ao,w diifu5ill'n O'~S .a!itd A~,md h~' I he ,All;(lli ratto' ,of' HI B' roBo:lOlamt ls i~!leril'B'd b)' I he PI"(li1IJCI,S ~ oonlJrala 1.n.a, 1"Ii.Jicle31io'r] 'Ihe pro:1icl. _mb~, c,f A~m!h (1972) propo~1 8J r~iK:r:n between rmell m;j I(..ft>~ mcln 00: !<Is-I- l11I~t -4- 91 + RI = Me: + Ctz + A" 10 a;wYnl kI~ Ihe liliaQ~~~uw~ IUnl' a!pef!QriptS indio ~e reoctailt (') <tOO prool.K.'i I~~octare; re~lij;rel.!l']"
i9f9'. Amworllh
r..
f~"
32 -------------
1....
rJMOUr:TIIOI\I
prg'jXllsed as .:1, te5! lOr tile' orgru G~ the Ili:UOOWIIiI18 in mlgrmfl~t~ {e,g!, '\f3:'d!9¥ 'ml7a}. T.oo !8'Ucom,I11t!' ge'IJ.et;;MIOO by pill~i;ll,me!,tfii191 :!hixJICII h~ p!'a. goda5e im[e 9.1diCi! hm t ha: ill the,~ CiEl1lalme'JafJoro,nte al1Id lp\ro~iO'lilh, c9;)tn9 illil'l!QS1il~<fiolrsfouoo Ut,g, pI.godaai' fn tlh~ Iwoo~lnne 10' be~erna!Iic<j]:!, mJ~ ~drc t~ Htg~' in t~EI nn~!mo~me (e.g,. Weber et :j, 1985, Wee~ 31d ~b6Y 1980, .AlilJok and MUlllei' .[MOl'" MD;F1!i' millilmno/, title ,romPO~l iOlilSor IrI,.u:oclase in me IIel.!!Wool!f!e algi iln tF,e melano:!l::lma' ware fOillndl to be v~ery 'alm,l3' ~~&'9, 1H.1I"liIe '1962, O-ougani979, IH,e~ ..b!il!..'~jmes;1ge~, Gup!a,OIfid ..bh~1lC'S 1,002., i(ffi;j'J1 rll1d Ho'I~5t,!)f18!33~, O';'Or! in bro· 1 !!PIliIBit!'1il~o I1ll!lilr criit!:lf lit! po~nt ~Q <l!11 <m:ll,r;.q.ICi cfigin, Tit>:!, aJhedrai orYfjiiSol pr~od~ lin ,(!~e):f!!e milJTl:;lit~ thai '~r~:'ltfIt lit€' roo.JItl1lllllttio'n o~pI~odil\OO cryst"ll,iiztd from tlh~ uif!I~~;(f' ~,ectto i1!1e!1ln ~ha ,.!o,$h~ipl and 'Opalica i !;:I_jb9~Q~~!i1~ Qi QI.!~e(: ,~~ ["OO[!e; a;;.ick (~ur;;:;! ,An\l;)'
(J;)lll1posilion of ~!~cda:51!3 Was
'e<!'idsllIce 'of !1Ilogl1l'lot[c 9lQwth" IH,~evar" pre5l!'ln~' oi' o:ocill!1:l'{j,ry :<!Imingltn.m.cato5i!l ,gow: tL..zoning,and oom.,plleil:
trne
111118:[00 oo.dke,
g}o.:~~ lis r,~ed
~BI,ill.
cr
mOIl~lmD
strUDtLlt18:> In. ph dtUi,.g
ffi evidence'
,of ;tl_~ui~fuLtuT1l
growtliil ('IN ii9be~iI66. H ibbai'd ~981 kar.d ao;"char~i9:Iii:lli b of re9iiTm where m<9Tla mi~~1 QCOJf rec::tFI~cI~ CI'%," tal!> ;COrnainll¥.) diseqiJilibriUm~;Wucll!l~~ ~e wei kfICMlin from gr!£ii~.e5 {eg_, Bl!b;Yln1,590, Gt'a,;pn 8J,ltl ~!i'roD2~, 1Pe1:r'OJrrtpllic5ti!jtl~.Qr tM V'''~;til per~l'il!l"]QW' ~ecl to mmplexB':; i:r. spain It'",,'9o rg,>aaJed th.9 pr~nC4 ol ~\aj<l~ Cl'ysIiais oot!ti'lln~ dllSeql.!mbFium m';(;ro5lJ'~IL1!e~ in
oomO)of
IP-b.rO~
tlho
miw.aii~o
ood~
in
tl:i09'}
roIll1J!i1!l~ilr,;.
O'~<l's with !imll<lt' 'iJi]tmplm:: Ip<lllil~tJI!1!$ ! ~iil1;oro

1
(3'e)lllldl Anl7l that Kof~-ridTI! d'iae>:lte m~~I!es. !h~ j",~~ frQI]I] ~Iived .oi<llei'!~:~l1!l~m~ $_mi~lY. ~orge eubedr1li at~;aj$cI P'1a;;iocl~tlh" "'-'!'JJ pat I o~tha~I'orn8'lllQ'rlk (~g, tlhanllthl1: iluhedr<ll'CI'~~ah;,of p~d~ ! Og::ur li~
FOO-IP34l' Qf eru!'1'cr~ dlli:red milrierais III dliz,j~.e {and It'! :00 In! '8C!i~npl!l':!;.·of leuccilDlnl~i '!!'-9-, i'i~ F50)1 318 i]fr.J:r.8 c.Iie; that! t!he in~ersl,itial p!3JiDdase t h:It CI''I'~;lIilil!fld~;:!I.er_
m~JH!S
lilal ,;I);)!li~ ate ~~ IOljr);j In fwws;).nte 1-rOI1il! t~e Il!ligmrti1 es ol tinlil GieJll I~gl regen of roluthe;:J:lte:rnAIll:!t~dia. [retl fiig\ IreS:), &pe~r!rn";)il~<!lw"Ork by CastrQ (~O:n1) has ~i!OMfn ~.tg.;O~X t p1!l~am~ of ima!rn~ ~m'ing C3i'! r1e!;l!)!t frern Hl'il illle.I'~.ron ota lilli1l1l1lle-t1I!:I'I'IO"itd1 malic m~mOli\dI a g\!IS1-(jer~~ !e:ls:iG mr;Iiig'I'IiiI. ny~d~;;!I~1 s!;Udy ,gl~lne ~niilllJ M::II int,errJor;jl mmph;:.togy Qf P'~OOfL9il ffil¥ be a very lu~ul '!{ow of dISiln~l:jhl~1 m~",i'ialO t!lJat .. n~ wh:;lli!( Ul!!sI:ll tmdEil'[~~r.;l!iTltoooo wi~h!¥l i"dl1l1had 'o!)lIiI'!p::1(r.en.~ of Il'I'l2lill~·d'1!Iri\fl!'dl ~{8.g. M~I!r<lm! O!ld@nI9:!14j,_ W
16iioHIe oompo~tion and tmjcmstr~Clures

reoctrons ocrur ova {l telif1pe1'3e ll'l;n C;lJ'I~O!Ied 10(l,"c ~, ,of v3bu~ ~IQ !;i;OluliQii\$tn the: l;)iQt~;e {Mcmte4 andJ Vi&eul 1100!!1, l5:porimooia !liludi(!f.;llOO'wtlil!a! beSKl\:rsllho wcllokooMln li~~ ~fj 1ri()~ (ll'tiibjjr~ 19m), M9i!\tJ\iFo~ ~!r<.iorlcrjjj ruJilten~.~~ i~~ ~i~ ~.Iil!a [~iQ~ ~n~er\!'~(S~~
lE!Utn:e.,d'et¥'lra:km
~lJ~ rlit!f'll;]i ,€'I aL1r:3$7;. f'a:ii\o
JJh1lll11eS(Hl'15; ~9&J'.19f1Jiti) and' Aco~,a.yi~.e1a1L (2006) '~wn 1J...ai 'tlhEt1<lit\i3lb [j! d=Ik!J~ ion c:l'r in1Bfl11leciilfile' pl!.godase aJ the~ei'r'lpera:lUre( -::e,ool'C} aI. wlhicrh £;iamuem~1s !':I at to Imrn .~\G oor~ 00w ~0000:J'1. TIiIis 118a:1S o ~ m~~t~e, m~~ing. a:ld ~!Je'pl<'9C;CI~ in; the, ~~'r:r,$' a;;rj in the mJel~mllil'!e need 001 Iimte d~le:leni 00 liIlpofil, bbn;s. Thr."S8'lft!ct ~- b3. impor~Mt i~m~i ~ili!M IF~~
h~ rroiifi Of~,li! il.s resiQJ.jli!'!t\lrhiJ~ I~ OOifrjpo~liO!fl1 ,(11 P!VOd!~ Iii) MUlat,a; trcG'
Oloureand
and &!"'~1~,
1'919~; ~mo
Harris 1900.; ru iflo lDoo.oo' Do!.!~ <r!~ ~~f1S1!\ml~9],
i~ nol. now ,m.nmer@d
;a t'ali<bla. ait!'l.fii!l;n,
IfU_er~"ltI ~d J,~m5ii"Jn 1900) a;1deJ!~lendl the st~i[t'l'fie!d

!)~' biollte '~t)! mo~'e~~l!aijI1 O(l!'J"C- T~lI;l AI oo{i'!~em 01' bio" HI~ telld!\ll:o d:eOJ~ re:'hllil;'e, tlhe~ ~~ to wmpo~!ki tl Qf ~he i::t:)iti~,etil b1Irk 00 lin~st~:ns, I'<rting ..... <*Irninosili~
of rt:!!!.HX)~me im m~ii!la:iles. H()""'~, pl~d!O!!'.e' is still aooud,lI mimen:t in; lli!~ im!tlpt'!ftUiii;:m olmigmllli1iBS, Pt,Jit grnp~s ooW r~ s Q!'I i~$ ~lpholQ~; 'I h.e ~{J,. S1:roo,LltesO~Wflidf! it ~sa part, .000 0 n U'le ri<tli~e Of I~ s
rompodlkmai zonil~
F1~.t!I;jM itr~u~ I~oiflj m.M ftl!;rncti:t!!!5 :~OW~ t',jJn.~t'weak <!i'id (Ii'lOlmOOll1!CeF!lt!c} f1flpo$i~iQ~gl ~ nif19b IOOtn oor'00
ng
C<il'!O'
1TI1n~ra:J,and!
~Q ~rQi~
~n!lhOS;
;w~~$fe ,one is
present,
Thus, t here ~e ~d oompoiliio no.!heOO~ in bro~iit.B' Ha earn !be IUsed to d8J Si'mIM;1!I mJ!tanmmpNc c(imdlllciillS {8.,lJ, IRIinfio Dd!!)C8' Ilt d, 1004];,
1
mall &xl N!vo~~~rt;}l:iljb 1li;1JlC tlh!;llm..e!'~ocr,~
been
d~[bcdl
iha
s!IQl){1Orrt
Olr]1
I:h" ba5i!O{If monp'hobgiClllI md mi~oJ;l; lud:uJal dil·

d1d8'@tilt pJp.JI1ilibns" or ~Br<1l(ms. of
in pI.~ frOrtl i!:: Ire~clJ.d rod;.,~"p~i ~~I:y if tlmS! pr,oto 'Wail. a. ~mfio:: r;Qd:t Tllie pa:ter III oicornpo:!iiliorrai 2!iil1lil'lg in
Q)m;)p.;!$itiotr.;j ..:;:I;IalUr~ 1$geneFall~'f'o'ul'ld
fS'>8nC8s, S8Vllra Ib'Gtll.a.Ih"iB'
ml
r~g!.!~1 "'I~.gg~
~ 5ltQng:y d:ependeni gil'
whetberr C!har
Qa,be.!liltillgl ptnse~ weze pnerem in ~Ihe r~~~d~uJlI1,llIld I tlhe: Slog;. OJ). 'l\iuliGh ~hey ge!1M ($:J~ns anr;:! .b h~stcm ~900, Aii~1;) D OJJ:Xl arJd 80ardJ lMS}. Smng~- ,developed oow.;em,rb
Q~I[ine of a IpI;;godas!)
bean ICBfilti'liBd ln Im<ny m~itg::;_ liII [OmS' ~ ~!tiiefe i~ no oorJf!p:;I~ILiolll!;)II dirrereliltle ~~Ween tile' ImorphDlb{I~ I}PBS {9'4l, £Of~ mel ~own ~~J.1),HOWQWf, iin o~.h_ers.liilet'e ,Ef,e' romp:J,sHo,not differefloos Itnai coo. b~
IUoodW Q~ploH! th9 m!ll:~(lrphic 1h19:ory01 tllil m~ IhiglilJeSi
il!;
W~. ~'r
e:O:~i;I.
i~ m'ig1illiliito;eIh:;jj LmdEWl'fi;lri Ibb.ti~e' 'Sl'lk1l,
zonin,g thal pfrHlJel$ o~y:;;:IaJ 1$~8r'aJl'i' COil~ed
Ute
a$.
deh)'dH'l1lio~1 rnel~li!'lg; ~:h"~ residJ:l!ai bio~lite." wilh tile M~ lt1tr.llbE'J',iD.,. ~d IF mnA,e~s, ,cormi1flO~oo:ur,~ l II'!JU~,
reddi~ il1i~t!lsion~ illiotlner
p:n~
'wnel\e'aS ~M
a:i'~<i!s of bi~t~;e 1.1111 ffiEbio: of'h~ H~e! IFodi;..s1l;l){E! Il1d low&!" M'g ,r.u_mtBl\',~' ~<i4.I8rmlil 011 aLli996, IFitz.slITlOIlS 1006" 1B<ul::ay et aL~9'ti!D, PelftlV,d m&~ h j(Jd~ling ~:tl!al: ~he¥ rofmM. 'or r~ulitlra!ed. ffi ~wer te.mpQI'Oillln,s.. In ,oo,nl!rWi, ti'lEo'!la~, blidoo crys'l~s '01 bio~iite iL~ m~a;itEl$" Wihefl;!! brome 'd~¥dr;;t~fl memJ\l9i was inc1pie!l1n:. h~ tji;je, h~~ Mg ,~);jl'l"ltter ~d ,ai'ie Ir-eid· ui!li 1(IBli'owlnt9{19, M1i1Hci! ct 31_ 2(lO~). Olilti th6 ~;)jI:Cr gT<lllilG, Wiitl!l mL!~1 IIc;,Wi3~ Mg ,iI,iJTi'OO;~(anCOL!fld .2:Q} ,,'co TiO~ wf!te.nts., 'g'ew froml Ihe m3t's¢ljc m~lt {3lwyer 1S98, Milc,t'd a aI. :2';(lQi" Mil'oi!(;!!<Mid Sawyef 2.000). !La!,~ poi!<Jlit1¢'W)iS' ta1s!.1f biO'lrno in IQ~molirQmllho rcw~·cru~: mg:n<'t,itos M laoi!Jt:ht'ot'r11l1;;jy hiif,;oJ, thi!J, .!.<!n~ ,"Ili)rphcbgy <J)ldl Mg' llllmber ~blome' i:'! tM m<!IflI(J~me. ,<u1dViele trl[etpre!~ Iby
r.oW8f T[Oz oontenl:s
b~
~.
Fei9} c;:.an be u~.!l),

o:ml,:linea
War Hl~ ~~ ~~J~!s
CI~
a. 1et!4!in !,i'iB.
OOfllrm.e
m,ej! aI: ~ih,e fa'111'8 I~m~. JlJ~eraHo n aI' may indicale~I!'!a:
fsrtom<gne!la;]
lIr'IillisrEiis ~e!g,. mr,CliatittB ., lAg. FM} f,rom
foe5i(!lI~i!'l (i!;Me to t~e ~:~me
1ii.:O
'W'" 'ID::::Q.M3<j
ie\iWOO'~ ~l
lne
n1IQ\~. 'CIS il cr%nlllii;;:~d.
Higlflly IJfDguliI rotlt<J::la 1rO ooim~Clm1fy p:tO""ervrnl ootwlOUl
a~ 110000mEl to rmed a 1he st~~ oi" p~fi31 mtlJtill;J1in ril!jomrJ g2A;Jli,l!--"~e-$ IT:Ie'~ic: (1119& A30-FOO]1 2Iiid Im~~~Ii!k: ~Figs. ro3, P.301.l IrQO<;s FlO'W\O\fOr. roc_rystariza-~ n in 9'OWty ooo~ ~udo:;s '~EI[aI~ ~limIT!in~D~ t!l\tl rn.';;.icnoo fOlf form$[ j,i[!1l$
Q~
me!'~oom~
OO!)l$9!i~!lt$ m~lj j:MQ~ Qr
m~!. Grf;l!!1 ~1'l'F°~lo/ H;d~$
p;;r~~1
h!rClIJ3~ !Il
mailanooom6 ~!.md~· th~ intert~.,
~I(IW d il~ 00 n~;;d 'w~1ll Ilftfocooo 11fI6,. OOl~'M' ...
!Ii. {~iD~ as roe:1d~;;iL 1111 oon~r;:Wi:. OOlallgr8n~ 'of blo~ilte II'! the lauQO!OOmrtelare las;; !nasn~ll aml ~)~lOItWcat~
[Qrrnelli€ll ~'lPo.,gbty ~~;;;Ibed Ih'!l1! the ~~~jk !iI1elt.IKe~-ti ~
~Iil~.fi'tr<!!l():h >01',SIH';,jn, h'o'hidl
grOil!l sI~'), 'Dr ~t1e.
of ciUilll;nt!:l (which! i,,!hjIliti; gr:'in g-t;m':![~)' l[le(¥ cam ~rul,t in <I :srml~~r g<i-"'si~ a,'lldl:sn~I~~
FI!oliflsttrr {19S3j' lfmmd I h<i 1llo!lCe {aiiKl Illmnbllende} !rmn raJoo$O.me hl<!Je klwer Mg ~b~r~~n<fil~hl)!~ tr~1iIlI a:;Ij~ ~rnl: flil,ei~ooolffile-. prob~ reiioofing ~.g'e~e~' Pfopor~ion 'Gf m«J~,gow.'llbll)trtf)j In the r~CO:;Pime !m~'e;(aJlfIiIl!'il'dL
r1»!i\1g:1;~ {Fig;;,
tF9~, ~~}.
M ~1C'i"Og:r ctu re ,of SChilli.e.re-n iln u

dialex ite m igillatii ~es a.~liet'en are pl<llaf; <'9J1'~es of j)l:i:f.,~.<b;:ila" 0 t
O!')~.
Gont ac,t between IIeueosern e and melal1iowme iii! rmEfla[e:>::lilte IliIi1Ilgmruitles.

OI~~iOlrn~ be!wee!il ~nl1lirt rrt;d!;i in ~~,:lt;!ld'oFl~Ii;~ ilatLli~ ernM ('pi1l<!d~ il Iwoowme afl{j. ~!e l'f'I:8~ro~ we i'l:(~Temel)!'
iiil d'et!!fmil'iirogl wh!!l h~:r th!i IeuooOOirnil~ i~ill t.~'!lI; til WI.!!;'Oe"¢~ ri!lliPly .O! la.!wora:l~ '~'ein'.Clfilicai g~~l$ tare whmhcf tho ooma:1s a'loilMrp or difll..lSO, como;)rdkot ~H di~r,tI~t, ~ Wll~'~ ~In~f'(i ~~~ Ifl1m ,!)if 1~ltl~$ bcr'!\l~iffi tM ~wg'. ~n~,~ gl Ute ge!l: ~:ific~' ;>!t~~1 to ~he ·amt<et:sfo·r the interPfet;;iillflof' Iwoorolm€l, ver!j liUlalli!as Qo;!""nreported o~~tlltai~ miiit'Ql;>IjrrL;iQl;Y!le'.
L'}I' 1I1Il[n!eral'~ '!lJ"e'COmll!lOmiinl 1Ii!lM!Ji' diaie_ldte IiIlj(1nmi~!ft 3lti HIE! pn~JlCEI' oil ~~()El of ~hr",nel] i$p,t!rt o~ Hl'\! nQm~' c!~:iilr,elor IiittlliH!J1 tne alb~ypes: of diatet!li:i~·emigflllfi i~e. but very liiWe I~ l<Jnown ~ut tiheir rlilier"OlS:nlCt~f1e Of MW t.hl!!)" .1e\!eb~. Ai!! tlhe ,~,>:~~eiS~W!lJ inl.hl~~!t: tFs» F9i'RIO'O'.~ o~ tho oomll'lOll too~·ito ~ljOIOO, 1001 oohiIiQr'ilfi <1I"Q m!lfifXl:>ej1 m .. nly 61 pllagiDc:I~\ IocIm!)taooe-, ,oO~pyr,o~·· en~ (N' ~i~i!e al~, OWJf in !ITl!1gnn ... iIn~c')'~,~ ",~!e of biom.e tlli:1l r'x'r[lI'lprt!reltl.eoohiie.r-6ri1 (ree F1g5.F91:"'F'100) are
~Ylpi~1¥ $l;IFOlt'l(jI~
ijli'lbrlcat~1
cr W.;rl, il~' Hl~saline ~~
as
The
OOlittat:'!,;;
!J~
~~ioD':¥ men,ac
q.Y!i!"'~t~
I~olitl
I~!~
~hE!iF!ilb-~icm cf ·t~e' t;t:.u!1r FIillner.:ll~(~.e, f,eld~}1 .• h..t ~Ine ttlie 11'i;qt1al1tl folialtn,1'i! In Hie' hotlll. di31e~L~ .. Thus, ~l1lie!1"'liI Wef'e' rOf~ed Ql,Itung ~.~ IIIQW~I 'he (;Ila!;exite,
&lllitl'en ra:r~ iirl ""'fat hrro'lill I~ssthan t!ho [1!:rl9th(<i.2 ITlln) g'~~1 g~' !!iQ'i~,e ~e9. Fig\>, IF9Z,~8~. to ('-'"~S mm) ~efli8 o·t cr~oIs'Wide: (e.g.. M\J. A'O'O, ~ @:>:~'pI'es in Mi'brdl ar;j &wY'lJ 2M3). lilI most -C~, ~h~ C!'~~~I [OQt~e in~M ~,Iier!!lnl ~~ I~ge-r, h~ .~ greailetr ~e;;L-lraHo ami a.:lIWlliger p:elle-trfeD 'ori.:::.nl,;:Iiol1 ~han bI'/;l!i~,e In th~ ~o~ ,a f€Oo~II,II'~ thal Milord a'ldSoMf:,'eF ~2(}Q:3} Olltri~ted totl:re ,~ d rec!'y9i;alli~rn:i1;n ~n liM ~tii'illf lm(m.alminef,aJ:C frllIl8ren .. M:I'f\1 octJli@rBll ,no signi~I:c..mt~¥,EIilric:had 1m! iDDI¥~:rt milillBrio1lsaJCr. aE, Epd: it.a and ,ZiJam, oot wihe'JEd~ lITlilliNait:!oOOlirl!ll1 UJe~hl~fn ald
~~ ~. ~~;~!i~t
quencl~d
amta:I·a:J~eon~ ;JitOW"IP~trolbgm
oorrli!'ttlitr
91~(I~!eril9&\lQr(f~QP~e (I'G re4) !ron!'! the, 1e\Ic(J.~l1Ile into t!he fesi::J'tiOOii. Thilli films Itlf gb;:s, or gr·0Il0pmyr~, ~xt·~nd alOillgHlie II distance
orem'~
~~eg:tes
qy.t(t~ SHlim:;:~~Q'm ~r.e'h~I'!IOO~me.im~ .~11t;I

'crf se'!I~ral g'ailil-d(ail1Iffie~'s'
;;rI
~:aJn bQ~llildari~~ (if ~lhe

[~~~r
I(~.
~~~s
in stlu lii)letTprle~"lon',C>f
b!itween ~aucc'5IJme
The ,C(lm~Si
EJjj9 I1ilI.J,~EI
,m
tm.a
RM}., wl~:ch
lI1Ile!sno~::mlie
le~$Ome-" <Ir!
mB! 'P"lil Ie waCks ~mm lEifI1pfi3litlhiI'l
!Oipidl~ ooolo8d o:mlr£l1:·>llHo8&les in 'the ~'tDIy mo,oollliitfLEr8iic
mel 1Q,l!f!rIZ5tes.. ilrulere ~ !rw~l!m ,~ ~M' ~e ol:;.evSI'~ '1ain.di7l'li91i~rs {ri(p. IrEiS-!'81)" iFhe au~llil'leof ~nQ
hO'W Hteycane
~o 00 ooOO'}mr:;"doo tf1lBli~ rem,;ih unkl1OW~,
Parge lcr".s:~s il! ~.he' i,~.5it!i IEl!!Ioooornie!- ~sl:ls~ha melt ,did ·g.)l:~IlOOI tine n!!:iD'JUIIlIlI ~011lg g:aiill boumd;;rYBS. aocI ~nta, th;rl: bb~ of !iIlti:i rl:!1;!}! IiII;M;l d!TIQ!Sl Q:l11fll'l1e!1ef¥ aJr!i(]ll,mclo;d
pi~ al~lhe
re9dU!.Irr!! (e~,
M~'Cf·oa:ruotl!Jre ,olf biotit,e-riich selvedges

in miigmaHtes !IQtil~rich ~W;4 !jfe-~lc,p OIfol,lndll~oo,"~'<fic~~:> ~d g"M~ ie, dik!l~ ~r;O mOotlTler rx: 1iIl11il101'i! fu!iiiWlFe' 1;]. mlglill:t
t ites fo~ wlrilch ~~~~ ndltb:M<rid ,00 rnodh<l'lIalls.,ol f!!)rllMion
R~. R!5). ,A~ .!iIi I~ger~.

'!\1m\!
!XIl'It~t'M!.Iity of mn--ostructuf\B II~ the, I&ucomlllt'la r~orm .aI ~
me:tit wil:1'i!O'rH~orieJi~.E'IiQC1to a.seglfl1enl
~01.IiiIe~ (e'9.
IN1MOIUt::TIIOIII
are poorly
«5
lmlillll)
l!ndel"~,
TWic<lIl~;lhe?f a IF,B;pk!'!iJ,eda1iml
0tX\J[
noHOW
rone<s iin, ih8 Ih(Hc.!.ra.rktll~ f.orl'1l1lat 'ihe conl'act 'Iii'llrnl a IEiiJ(;!jGi'dJt:: val", ,or gl'ilJ1tlic dike",Iii j'i'I(i!i'l.~ blo-
,wfPBct:sses and ,SlO-Dle
16,.1 A poiSsiHe sequence

aim 01 m~
prQO?~i,
me
:Sa'l'ed~~, sl10w
in rria',(l5i.~lJ m!J!e' MtiI th€llproprPrti!:m
re~e:vant'qne!'J1iUIIS
A liITi1gm~~!ii' r,ep~!i!~tM
minerall pro;portPil ns from th~HX)tJmry roiil:
01 ql.la't:o:: <nd p:t9odase decr~ ~ tile1'e Q$!i! Q:glnoomttart ilntfe~ inlr..e'mtld:lJ Ilf,oporiion ,31C ga'ri '5izeo! biol.ile (,~ F1iH-Fj!)4~' 'Iowai'd I.hll oo,ntrnt ..lilJiie il'Dllii!m in gaii ~ 01 Oiotil,e lis proi)<bf,y {wliH'OO by eOlSiw i!lllfu~n ili'll the- ~11i:l:1J' li1ito.nol'lline:rallo 21~ .. Ger.:e.i1aJl¥, tlhe Cfy5ials o,f biC1!itein tneseII'~ are orfenied Ip<!Ia!tel to tim coma:!' w~h tho \.!Wl 011' dii.:o, l-I!owO'!.ref, timE! orilJl1t;]· tbnl 01 bXlltilt(l Iii! ~y ~lij8dg«; <lfOOOO l~crO!i-I:l \!cl'f]$ hes been klta]~ mad ~,ied by '~Ileb,Jloow gi(i,W th of Cl'ys,t,i;il~'O'FqlJ)tl1tz m p!i!goo~ o!Jtw.gd ii'om tll~ Ile!JoOOOIIwf.c vein (e,g" p.~.F! 02:1. w1!Ic!1II!Ql"V be, fr,terpret9d 0'£ E!'."id~,i~· ftu grmn !grt;lwth :i:l:Elr .~ho> I~cr!ti~ vein has :~lid[1ed,
How
f~
,eaein Iprooes!) halI,lbeen ,ffile UI p!'Oglless :nl tile sequenre
lin Wihich t!lrw oWJIr are lin*'F i~Qr!;; In dE!leril1iJlII~ oo!lr.rot,eriistlta oi a p.'~~ mignllll"tI~. liiIefllqUBOO6
IprQ~$ .h~ rn~ mlfPl<t,~~m~ g:'<lfil!~to !~r~ I-eren,l;~~ioe'cl ~t1;;M 1!I!!!f1ing ~dh!H~1lI QIl Fig. 4/,.
Ina'
of
dl~·
fnthe fi'r~:j F:ig',4B)" paniaJ

~llIditiQII1l$
melling
'occurs underl he ~eci'aI

se~ ~
01' ~~lhnSlaU!l ~rfl$ ~·&tal~ n1Isl11~:
HQIlI'3.4) '1;!1I1~; mi;<'!t f©JI~ ~ l.otIjer .;;ry:ot!~I~8," ith;:i~~ ~ w 5fgiBjJ~:Km lrolll us oolm~men~ary :~I'd r-f1I:Dik:m, 'Ihi's. I'll iSl:e1l3l'io, anat;!f;(I:!i OO::UlfS In ad::J'!ed ¥'i·ern, and too d""31es> 01 pllrliej melti1lg (f.l iis, ·!h~re,. equal to 'Ihe irrx::tron of I~II ,[M',) in II1oi!:rock l1h8S8 OOI1l::i'itKlI'IS are most likely ~o Q;c:l,Jr ilil, a;J~'it·Ed .3,Jtle[)~. ~ 'i:ltll, a ~~I r.moWlnl '01 p¥tial melldng Id';meci llir:.e, f! Ag. ·40;}), I olXlJrs. eil her becan:: tne Ipro.1.oli!lh ~\la:!! !"DI Wtf¥ fettIIEi', or tine mal.amo tphi.:: 'Iai'ltopar=
almes Wefe oouvery
WINOL~AOCIK (iEOGI"IIElMISi'Rf IN MIGMATlliE STU DIES.

Mo~, miSWI~il'es. iCa!i! ~, reo;J~ !:imply b~ itlei" d~ tlb'iCllve f'Ii1,I;ifpl~lo gla-s,Tn'9a;!' Ii'OOrpl1dknJle~ a'E!; kl 'oorne d~~"lh~ H~~lt qf d~9mgiQ~ ~ilI!!1 Q<~I;ld!;;;!\!fiir0;3 1!11ial ~Is.. !H>llw~r.I.lite' umdl!r'l~ing ilfooes:ses I hat dI~ a PJliO!Ontlh ii'J!O ,;;i i'!f119n<iite ar,e fI'!;ltr,ob(jcai, Inel '~i'ii,J9!Urai. Th;e~efofol'!.lire, b:\!fic reqlliiremern in under.9,1lldillg mg.
mati~e lornm<l,lon Is tl1II I::;IQnlifi~iull'l
pr'O[)B~,
high,
the!! iiilpaicll
miwmatile
ib 10 rmed,
iHO'I'ioIQ\J@or, a 1:;Vg9r dflg'oo o[j,fl pa;rti.1 roolli~g Qoo ..m;: {bI'a:J:: ~ llin:e ip !i9 4~)1. t~SfI a li~bYl~ricd~e\lill~e' li1iligl'l1ame rorm~;; slnee ;;r.ii1exis t.<iles, P!oo;: in, <I cb5ed S)l5tel'l1. t his IS a lP:r!mI¥V dlr::t9::(il'e, rrm'!Ih!e 93f1Jtlrel ~
O'f ~.e'!;i~ iliJ Hl(! {:l'U~ (19g. 4b}, lpar!!Inde.rrorid~km~ gf d~furp.n'i1ii~r'~
li1!l1 mei1i~'
m;l;lUr5i
,0'1ttlesa
!h~ ~'hio,t;I;I!1 bi;l li1;l y ~;O:<!lI1l' b inilglll'oo I~mdt; OOIli1IID~th;ms. Thls book [;snol~he plooa· f·or an m:1ilau:!:.ti.V9 di~FI ~,f too ~mniSi~)' "'16'I'Iigrr~ mea. Nle~~ri hele-.ss, s;) 1iI1.e oo~a±;:;Iil,oi hOw woo!e··roQo:; g;:>rJd'IBmlr.1i 1)" OCUlIbtl, u:sild to lu.ooI:ffEU,ndlt lisa pro~ h i$ i,i·~·l,Jit IFr!+l1if! <l! pt~ Ic~ PO"! 01' viI;w, t~l$ ~m!il~V ds::l ,r.er~ to o!ll~li~ B '\I\I'iJJi~ roti!:s 910Urd be ,sampledllor
l;Iif'!i;!''fI''o/
i!l1Id
'*'~,
p!3tlolbli:::al
(".d!lTloon'c mcltir.g1' ) .. Arry m~lt tr~tion gen6t~ed ill ,e:(C'Mi!; of !h<t r~it"etll lOe~ <t;~!h permeotli It)! (generelly -e :5%), lin the melt~ r,oell.i!> ~reg:i.ted and wllecie e~'!1ir.ro,. Ii.e." 1119, lP<Jf:lfall), molten rodoi. i!O. d'f<l!ledl <Tid ooa:el(is is.Oifi ~en-~(lnTI! P!Q,~, rn ~~ on til", ~i! '01' illi!md ,~. 1P~1tl1.Md OL!iIOJiop, Olo'!irtill, thl!l lif~lgm~ilM; f.Orrmd undtlr m
fDllov,H.JjJ. geotlhemlcru
:sIuc!!' wli1lls
ronditb'oodoWe'.Op by'a" rouHtep prot:ees."ilM rl'Si: is o~ (XI'ti;[!j m!lUimg. O!l1.'l:O t~o p[lrt~l~ 1IlilII.11~!IJd md<:I: Ibaoo'fl19 pa~meaol'e,~[li$ ~:ep' ils fo[l.)wed by ~. aeoorid i) IU!; ~~ :;t)f! r,~k!!1 ~~~he'~~ me~ ~ i~$ .~I1ii!J,!r..t.~:r'I i!1~
I~
~oo'OWl~
m~pll~
mig:mmli!es.
W lit>.l~rOck oompoatio!1! is i;:Ommolilr u~
to ,ct~'fy rocks, m;j ,8£;Ii flIe3llS 01 docrmmlll!) betl!~f1 H'"e'i,eo tOlnlc mttli\Y; In.wihklili t'lXl«i rod'l, ,m:> 'gr,r:yw~ ba:s;jlt <rid gMiie,rO nri;,ecI, N eiU'U)f use I;a:; i1!'!llI¢h ~icai iOil It" IFnI]mmi:t~
intil!iriliheir -i'li~l!'liKlii~i!S"'-6d~ied b~li!le
~erai,es [","0 ~!:J Ik I ~pes..,A.re~dual :nneta1e~ite1fi(~ig'n01i ita ~Io,ps ~ !M site QI p;!Iltrai rrrteil illg; I~ wlt.uns a Ib~" fra;:ti~n orlneR evell if In'£! ~ot81degree' 01 p;ra'tiai meltingl CII/<IS wbstail1lirll (I )'p.i::aty 30-'6;()~; and has, a. tmllll=depie:tad IbtJl . oof!'ipo!llio,nL A dillim:lile Itn.qna lerras !II: II~ ,!'Jle
W'i1!l1fE
wilet'e, Thls pr'O.~
cy
morphology
ihWOJ
Ihe ~,ega:.ed
melt i!il,oot
arnJRTtJaj'BS;,
rn'ITiPQ~~i(:in:<il1'Ira? 5.JFilffi, I f\elr prol!otllhs..
n~,
bi3CEI:J~ 'Ihe 'Irac:LiOIil 01 !'!'tel! !lI1arEi i~ lnig!1, ~ITIIJJd:i g'M,er 1.1'wl Iil'le degree
C<IIiI
m~iiEjf> iill a 'OOlrnpl~~ diU~e:n~. ~f:C.'I.o'11L() ~Uit1gl to 'tllli:t iII1I which the',l"formedl. W hole;.r,c<Cik~I;;~m~ry i;.,U5etI p~ililc~l)i' tC' lin~~~ bhlO IPn;;.~~ thill oce.!rrod during ~oo'f()~m~ton '01 mtg. maliites,lt> defiifle tlqe Q:)ff1POi!l!ions·'ClI H'e p~ololhtti ,,.XlI H' . valiiolJ~ PiI.lts of I'he !l~~IJfla, ~IIQl identify tllie' reggro of mtilerl<llloss'or mLierl<ll g2in.
PI',eco.litiIiS iiIiI!iY ti!~
'oIIP::rli~
nnetinJ:l1 find
irro 511[:1,0 hig
be, call:ad a~nd<cy d'><i'ai!:i~~lllI~a M:lLl' 1111~<I"8' ~1;i1,l'/1i1J i!'l119 4i:J'w.nr1l!;ll;l'~r]!;I ~h~ r!;!~~ !ifl~.~~.d,~I;l ~he' ~ seconda,.:!' di3:exi:te 1Il'11~ITiu. 1.1iiIefl~SI 00 rn~~ nds ~o 11<:<; lioas ,oF rna-!;: ali '~heo(in~G'1 Jl~.rme.al'll .ty {Iows--m Irmi1an O~ Im~I). MdI ~11e' 'Oi her:smJ'N ~'~~n aHer :9::1 me a;w.
1nl.lJllaU:m '0
moll
in tho mot~iIxit@,
Too
I hirrd' 'slop, 1UIoc:ts
1tJ$ d~ ..";(ilO r'Il'9'Jla d1,Jri~ ·~"iI~;(I!>·<JId ~Itve$ .
fib"" IQf
.JL!lI~1::!J
-----------------------------35
I~
rM
fr;a.;:!iO"~,QI M;e~
(]l,~
c
HI
r~r:t:ai~,l'{Il~
~cS
~tlW;~
It)
p,iJr,iiil]! f:m;J!~ ~- ~,~jFti·.:t~ .. ijJ(d'oli~F.i~I~,1~~.oJ
~7i·~
@'JMo~N~~ t~~".i':lt'!itl'
Fig. ,It ID il1:\J8I!ls10 ill!lJ~ ra Iii! t he reid len ~~p, between phyScaJ pr~ ~dI !Ire gafu:Htion {l'! Imig~i~e!i {Lmeta:e:o:_ij~e and dial,e-::il:'~ lima g<llilited.JrlnQI a1a1~ls lin I hree ldiffarenl ~!lrr{l!S., {~ The ~~!l.1 ~d p;;rtl alliI'l~t hllgUridei'00il0l" tlOilisd I[tlllo!;t1l(11r. sn~ ("9:i"~I9di -:il'~II~ mgtillllcrl T'1'i~ otOndi'~~ol'i~ ~e' I~~ II kelytQ, ~L~r i~eont<t=t a.m,dl!;'$, {~ T 1",'El galie."i3I C\E31 panti~ma~~n;gll:im:lEr' of aiHa-E!rHii31 !t re1iOt!!i:Ha'il Ed • d~l1lamic tfTlet i fij'~,wh,ielll q::pli 8610 tBIloo:3iillll3liEttia ln ('.f~UC' ~!i!mg>, !;!.lch~ ~,d~1 e!ffi gunu'iiil~tlerrailffi <IJl,dl~lh~ r ~~i~ed 9rro i~~ ('Q A h)b'id ~aniQ in 'rItlkh meft .;!CCtIIOOI<lN:s ~.~~e ii~ SllIJt'Ce b!iore !!Ie' ~!.ha ~<'iel tt~e n~eh hom It'll€:' ml id !Ir!ldicm beMme ~ ive. il.e., aJI:!Il;:(}S ~!)IS Uit)je;OOJlditi~sollh~p~~ te· s:r~ lOOt'~ll!1a dM,f;'l"a'!!Ial s:r~ r91ljlfll!e\fl1lisa:;e;ilarIQ lis ~ ~i~eI'i'"t,(I ,~y t'o Ir~igQ~ ;m:;.li~i:g~tit]g;!'\'!t1"""'"' 1~,.,gI~!T!~gf !t!~~.~~ ~"'tQ mflir!~.~y L~~: p§!i!!9r~; 1f[1I;!I~~.i~E!'l1!'1ifJ~i'~ d:s'k 9lI'et d'i::te;.;ii~'&. ~~i di.1il~ite migrn.1: lIe; 00<3\'~ dotted p:.'!lJern. cIi:je:o;itoe ~!M! mign:.'!liite w[tI:i~\fE!'~'l1i~ friir> tioo 01 ml fra:;t~o.n;tl~:;:t I1ili1f r~e gJa'~it~ i"n 1'~11I1:;dOO~S! i'ill~ <lIi'od Irn~cro:JnUd:[jr6; gJ~,. CI~, ~lla::l~L.m;.:j paltt'fJ'D, fr~ ig~~ 00 [J~;tk: I!f!~t ~,~ ,. ~alt'l. ~F~<l.I1 i¥ O!fii 119[100!:iSIl!~liW~ ~1!,igN! f~ ilil 'l'ihi~ Unlil r]il,liIllllr~ Is 3)18 to ,;;t;QJlmlu;i.;l,e, :<t: lih@ ~tEl 01 lpartlal 1TI!8ti: infil m~ j'i'CIiITI ,t lie midl, line fima l)±ep·(j)dIfl;jrrs. dtecr ~e);is DEtore ~hB,tli~"are;n~1tll5liII'i3E:3egime st~ts.; 'lliis; ~tu-~iD r ~ Eqili:',ff;jent I{I '·~tatie msilLIlj" ~~Ilbwedby "1[]y;n8JnC ~!:dl ~ d":omir.a!.,ed b"~rr<.e'lii(lnal crystamz.:31io:m IO~I~ll'!e 'geQ.)OOary d'i<1l:e!iite m<gna, whlblii g:1lElJaiBS 'CIlJttlul!<te d1:Oliexite mei~ing,' Go nsg,::!'w1IIlIt!y, as the 'Oeg-e!e of lpartlal l'I1!9it iflg i!fl.cre~ the <lPall$Cl!c JQdo;$. ~, .~hr'ol,lljl ~I !lIIe:I1Nm~~ 'cli<!!Ie~i~e, e<dl ""~.1iIii~,s '!;lWf!1 di:;i!~1¢1jve p!'OEr~ly a me:l:aiex[te rnJgmatii!e si~ oefor,e beroming a elide-x,· {Xl mposl! la,n a-Id Inna,os:i,nudure. 'Girmllttc ~nnll i!i; a prod· LiC1: 01 tlmfim pi5~ Tlnlt; ,aJfIjj;jfK:!, ~Iios Ltl ft90rna! Ito I~ Tlto tll:j:JJ:dti], m~m:a ~lil !JileS da!iO 'ki·fiifli!XI fr:i ~lu, ill a. Clb5e'Jl5'f.i!eHr];:~ heteror~,. it is ,CBI!edla P{1!T1sry dia:8l1_ae:O:iSill IQrO~Iil{c feLWl;j9, oottlO!!l' tile l~eraiiOnlOI ~!aXitlll ll1i!<gna,l1h.91ra:i~lonor llililhi <t whm tliMl (J'im'e;tlitll mi3\l·d'lIfifqJ]ej {]r<Jl!llli~~ t,8flr'al9S,and th@irr .@s::mt~ied gl<n. m<gnOl i$ jO~!lfI~ tI~P~$g." tn~ lillI~ani~ ~ 'O';'[jtg, ~~ ~g, th~.A,:i!I[li<Jflipi stpprovi~ '" 'C-.modOl.. ~bw' omlfrf;!:;i. A~~!T!iI'lH il:l\\jffi8!lc fltlw [i.e., a.~en" ~nOiI :Ofyst!ll'~ i~~ 1!ii'IHo!dill l'i'i:eitJi, ~.~, a melt 'ft'i!Eti'oi'l
th
Q'~:~rI1;Q m~~
QlI8a:IIS
n'i~ gen'.Jr<lil?!;,
as ,.",,"811 as
00
,~ m~Ir1~~rQIlIll;1Qn
F'9Jrc' oW,dcpi~t~ l:l ¥dd~~<Jl[iG

t bn;
~1d1
'~hll!!r:elil
mel se,para:Jik:i1'! 01 Ilhe
in =$
Q~
o! 0,16
(INUIP lliKJd:el)
Or 0.26 (UAS
mode!} ii:o
f!&qU[red ~the. lfCJP6'I" l'imiillO"l pDn.I<ll mBIIJIfiIg;J1~;illna.:.1B
~tt!3' di~U·xi~'&
linl rago~
f[~ld is. tha, deg8B tml1~,tpIli!rn.;
~~e!l:.d'w ,er¢als? {2} Do tile le:ucoto:me, veln~!,or d~~it8 mfgmaites l.h.1Ilrll[::!"~t the OOQIIe-s ,af !orrnet:' Im9it, of 1lIilq;,rnil, ~hill ~:ICIW\eC1me.IlamnslG !Ii<&/(! ttl~. ~miOriof pIJ<Sil:ktns'~ Ilai: a-e dJrfetal: 00 mpaed Irn.9l~ ·1h<JI rem<linad In~e the.m'9f1~ d'Li!li~ fb ..... ?
tlhit:!ils n~~ OOflillaly mo,n~ tim, '70%, Uooef rertal'l d'1G!HIist~~llie dralOlxite fiakil Im"qn ~xt9f1:diI::tcqond tlhEl lm,laJ O'.26·-{)I,")'!i) r:;tl~ iil te!i'IiTI$, ~f lr~ttJ;f1ol FIITlaft Other !fl"Iech"", f;!i~~ 0:' ,deki,rl'!lal iDn thai IIlfOd!.ll!:e bulk flow ~'5ee ;.ection 3..5) rouI'd gtlmerOl:~ dliiil:exilc litIi'lgifialites 8t.lrr8dil[Nl~"o~ mMt ffi lo';';! as,Q,Orr; Hils oo~eml'<l ~,de1il~ClfU 'o~ the ,d;~exi,e !iBld is ~ "'Ilaforr IInI rnedli;lJ1i!m· C1fnlFi(J. ",.r;. Iinoome' ..:trrctfnn· st~ '~¢!11 as unr<'rhi~He~r~:~!e' me!a.mo~pni~\ or HI~O ·flu[l:JJd rn.Dlnng, t!ili!".i dogoo -o~ pan i~ rn.DI~iing 1iI1i;TV «I.Pli.l<ItllO()%.~ Q~t~!lho,\: Dif<iil'J!lt(l floiikl to hgh froo tione:Q~ifI1~t. fk!w o~ [he dial;e'~:~,e m~a j,nr~r~ ~>O ~etIJI ~rW»l! illl;D'~'w ~.rn.~de¥ebpll1l6'm 0,1ooliii611lJlla1d ma(;l!)1O!1i~ ft;)~iall!)n~ .(";1$ w~'H <IS a;)l!r!~ ~ .. a iQ~ ,of~he illellt from th !i!l~l;fi~ !!m!r~ed in it,~QkmJ;j r~d~;rl dli~,~jte'
alit! ~l.,·t'iclll
diaifKlte 111'ia}l'la The third, arildllra'l<ll :st!!p, lis 1!11~~
.m !!i!111? ~a} IDid llh.e
'~o I M:te o'f oodre!l or waJlr;cd:; 'com aJiIli~
if!ie:ro~n~ 51.~ i"'¢ry~;~-a:iQi1, ~d i1 ¢ff'!, Q'f ~'\jfOO,

.<1I~fmll
:$(1, ~.~~ dlar
I~il
p.'ll~ nTI€!\~~g 1ilk1:: startedl• Cooling m~be, ial ~M' ~<lf<:i!i1:m!)r melt j~tlITiI iit$ ~~duum b~l~r~'
Cf~!iI~Jil3Jj.a'1l 1ilfiI~ oot bo po!ititi!(1 i.n OOllfllO
t:Olli1PlotiO
con.
t<r;it <lJfOO'Ea~mEl
pril:!c[p;:lJ qU'tlsllolilS
~e
~, fo~w:s<
{~} 0 d
frffit!Q~1
¢f~
~il~iQ!i! ~,
HlIt lleuro::ome,
o:r dimexill€t. h~lli1l6
~·ect~~ffiSij '?~g)D id~lhe E:1'I1~rr;;! i~~ t~lnWm~<f~e
Qr dl!Jfi~ cr~;l[liz;;rtio!l?'(3)
rraottkm<;j«y;;I~j~~o'.n er,mes ~ f[wliQlmfIloo

commoc;/ty deval:ops
c r tlh;;l met'lJ-r~ dl~exi.1ie; ~hl~ ~01 gl'EIlific oomp,Q!;hllilthw

mlc;r~lrl,l()ll,Jr",
,(lIi)Q'~:;;Ii,;;(IiI·
agr·rif:c
Wlnu"i! d[~ the' f,lijp.w.;i!liolli cf u~ 'trIUr~ rrmwm pLrA!iC? lFinBlly, po~.Nliil<llOClb Ip:rg~ ~ghJ,~ ~~tr~!1~ ~'~~iphl~. ~~n,~f,!!!i('l!'!J, 1lJ1d "Ye1ming carl OOffige ~~e' bo'k ro!1il\~'SItt:m ol a. m~ UHl, or itl$ P<'fts:1i11~~O~~. i~I~iinlp(lf~<¥It ~~;¥I.t ~!I¥ed ~pl~~ be Ido!;lntifi~
rolJt;wil1lgsecliio~5Iper'''Iil~(l
t.
ill' 'Q~ h$!""",O~!;l$,.d~~

'00
mpo::d.ioiii o~ ~ afla-
bero~~,
~iilJ,n and <:um~lm:e roclo:.s" illi!l tlhird oc:en:3'!o is mm1 Ir~..ety tQ~~no ~8giOIl;j;ll~ect~ ~'llflIt1>Y.!ih@r@!.Yg!! wrtlli)l:@S o~ mall. wana ±i'Blo, ~or!fJilr·ilJfdly,
The
~I~
two
!"arto[s~lhBI:
5E!ri(l~51y
the' w~ In wlhki111 wlhQ~lrQclo::
S:;Jme paFQJogk;~ ,q~iomi. b!l' b~ m'J me<'!.tl!> all. HICevMt to 11h~ pr~. Hna IOfWil migllil!<l1lilesale oLllUined n.e:~t Ti"oe flirS!. p~ i:3patliflllmQII~ngl [j~ the proto(tlm, and ,3],m.s, rel'e\l;;!flJ! qu~!QllS are as 1~llb ..... . [11) W hEi W1!!3!he lp-;rO~Q3 litlh oomposi~lion? ,(::1) .Alr0 t h:ll m~at:litlll:' t~g. 1~8:;"t11~ 1 ~ 0 open ~;e-m Or of clol~.~;a:!Il {W!llimOim~y ~redl i~ i\'!l)o PI"'Oce~1I(3)' W ha Is the ror:mpm3iti;m 01 1.1leneooome, ilmd of iM; !XI nt.l.iHj~n~. rp3t~? (4) W irIicn Ir:et:dbfl~!!I'tl!i!Id tlhe liiiel~, wM W~ I.r.e' d;eg~~ OJ"psrti<i EI~in~ (1')., <¥lei h!5w doe!; n co Iln,pa'.a •.!It m.a 'h'a:rtioI11 o! mao~ {MI, ~ ti"nat treG' migm.H,e comBined, wilkin ~. ~r$I!:iJy lOed'~iMedl frollll ~ {lfi1"i!lflili'f!,m tlil B f.ra::lion of Iw~r;n81 in ~hliloUllCl'iop7
Tha ne.U proU9::lS. is por.oLlS,
~ljii'Qi!, ~Ibi,\!
IUse<J.O' inve:l~,e' the !rends, in :wtol@j·rodk IP8h-o~iial.lc rompasitbns H~ rna,S! oommolllly
OOrlilXlSI''ibi~$·carI be· rnigrmrnrte::l, Fir5t. il1 'Of'i;ler le' inl,et"prolil~

oompc~t!.;:inI t!Kl!ai'ISI!I from a point,~ :a;e essan1:iiii:; ,;:all nOOOOITI8'
JlI"Dt.aSii,EDmEi'~Eifetfemoa
ueed are 'tlhe p!i'o!olitlli
<d1Idl h.e ~!Pr;IOOlJlri. tl!11 Irno~ o:;JiliTl!ililo-n!y ,i~tJI'¥;l ~",~}.Ii1OVi w-elll h~ p<J li!me~Iet"~. can be ronsl~1iili1!fd dei:ermines. wlil~ kinds 'Oii peil[oklgcal qu~iaiflS €iJi! be :.ddi~, m!.itrua! tyP~ o~q,i.JIiIj~ita,. tive: IifltJdelO;j C!¥l, be ~ie:ll, ~ooi)'; II i~~n~r"'ly 'My difirult to ~ind S1mp!les<tfQctild 0'1' jus; OtlQ, proCQSS; ills, li~ig;;!tiPflOf~' illl:li!f.d~ Ipra~lr'e~ir~fi~jngw¥ to roo~f! nl!sgJOchmTlic..o;j~l[Jrafro'lill tlria rll~,. ir~ly! Hi!s ~rit;]]l~ g;rjBcliiil3 ~~b (ltImJPiliarti'i<!i$, (lr r.d!,io~. cl
,element:s.
(ldealiy ootli1:l he melt
i,~., Fm!11 ~~!on;
of tree, here\ the Q!,ie~t~p!;l nt~

011119 lI1Ie-It
'QiU!
include ~;1iT!il folbw'inQ', ('l) Okl ~h,!l rrm'fili ~-eg'!ie from tll"illl t1Mid\jJ~I'iI, .<nd •. ~tt:, wM. pro:-~ tlloi'i of tl'ii!l 1l'i.!!I!t r~$i!1eol otlli r;in.oo
16..2 Re[tlrcnco-p1intcollBplsU:io:m.s.
IMbrpl11)l~ ~lfEll a::KI'OOllrlp"Stk<r.aI ~LeLemgel'lelty fs l)1picJ ..:If
al If'I'U'smatlle« ~~~,
in, U'l-e' ro!!S1d\iUlllr1? {a~ H'OII!j ~I t~tt!m Wo~ ~n too rnlelt?{3} How vit."'<lbI'(1iisdlh(l roU'lJXl~iori
.•.1!1 ~Id I
~\!I~
i~r;> "'Of ~S :;bo'uldl ~, S<IfI'I~~"a;-"Id

aJiOO!19 ~~g~lIt!
~!1ie' be'
Mdller:npcorailreMli(Jon~P'1I
o~ Ui'tl$ r~'
~hl~ V<flat:io~ fdiff$t!e'm p!",c~o!litlh~ diffe!' en! lIl1el~~n9'r~~k~tl~ dllfur-eni F; d'~ie!"

caJ~ ell~ dfg1ee'.': 01 ~~ t.elili!> 01 celnJI1foeL&:s"? Tt~ Nlir,d .SI p is I r'<Mil~rt ~ In rnanm~I$:qlJ~iQln5 bw[l'g. allrLtut,ed 1:0 IProce.~ r~I~' .. idlll~
~Q
rafX:)rd!8d. Com~Siti(lInlll
IPfobklm
{lr;;rl~s
<1"8 ~tll;e'
a)mnr..o!l
with migf!l_;;Jliit~~ed~iy
~fl1h!i! roCke, de!"rved
ion oJ~ he Ilnelt)!? {4) Over c~r
what
di~;;i;~.~ W$ tile pQlrg~fIQw~~i:\Ie,
~n~i(iflg!ersor
fmom mfl~,·t~ l~ortk:::nS Irlrg!il1l~ile'S. ~ of i~ thE! r~~dIJaI 1r"(]Q.;,!S.. C~i30 ~urcll IDa, Ima::ie tD~Ia, I ma Irutll wiClth, cl'
of Itile ~Ile~.Of In<ll]rtlo, ~lhf$,5t~ lim.di:Jda Hiekld, tillal:

'Gall
IblJd:e!mf I!!IlJIO:JSJme and mel8Jl0~l1i1e so ,E!:>to 'inchJde the'9I1~llreCOll1l'lpasiHo:na g<diem; ~lhi:S ~aty Is limpClrtaM II'
d~~~cl
1[)1~b~~~
~,(JI
,~r.t!~o-m~~~
@rrr!~!llpl~~., tt ~.
,t~), .Are Uteroe '00 mlPO·~~ b:n~¥~ij;:tbns

a <:;amil'!gl
be
oommo,m pl'oc'~
repm:al,e ttle n;~alOoome 'fmml lile'
d!Jrrlli19lr~,
as
tree
IlatJ~mirn1e for m~
but l,t muS!! mot Do, for,[pttan ~.IU
.JL!lI~1::!J
------------------------------37
I~
rM
.,"
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Fig.
5" Compo'Xlliatl
cl= iT$lncrm Irfut!li,i~hfiddl:;.<1:Iih:t ar~ci$')

I'aw~
~. tfi!lI:~itic, ~d rIlf1~~rnlilic: prot.c;mlhs
imm mEliru:e:w:~t'8tli'Ii~ru:Ite':i 1[4 Q[Jartz -<11 k~i f9d~' - ~<rJo· (1'!l7S). ~'ij ... tz = ~ha",~ ortlhcd~ Q~ m~orm pdl. ~S,Il1iI:JcI'!O' dot=;, from mal,Bf:eI I! ic arnolfrlet~!frli!~(l (I~~ioclase '" biOil il e·", ql!at~:i:llltuloml1S; ~~~ leltfiJ~i1f!P]~o~ ~al'fmm a~n~e ,w'Gro,p, mfl,~~tic prGto:Jitll,;hi<li1'~e;;. II~oos::.iRe' from m€t arnrnic protdlii1llhi~TIle lalCO~f]l_e !TOIT!
ali 1S3 sartlpla> ,of 11~me:
r~9'l'Sin,
co~:;ilion,
fr.am ~CW'.ani~e~,CI
!o:m:ame. altOOtqlI
rrm
~pI:eGare
tIDn~..nW:(: or grE'ltilomlJritlG ilil '~~ioll. I tlttlll~a:t;I" 11~~.fl (ib'illf«l hllti'n mdorn3li(J fOci!$, ~.;rIgo Iii];eomj;l':l~· t~Oh[rom lFnC\n.rooti~e l<l~orialil~, I:::ut JIlOfiI. are lGll.=liiti:c,Tille IjaJ~rolif!e col~ootec ~tO!fr1I ,~ ailtgleCliitCii:.tp' Of mel~lite ~0'i'II' ~I:il!llily t!lesnJe Ir~;;;eo1 'COlf\!Xl9~ Ion ~tlle en~ ire ~ 01 U~rTilIe~Jesf~,alflll mel.apeI~1le ~G me a,pea1lmflk 1iX'Q'ioOl lUlls, lhe, vari~1 ily IlnOOil\pagtioo ,o1.~ he U9..iODmrna, t hus is n"~ si ~y a f~n.clioO;ll t the hulk oo~tkln a of the IprQlilli~Ei1 lfIdi tlila fb'[ GttIoitikllil$ ·~.oMiJii(:h O ;J[I<I~ ls OGCUfr«:ll; ~ ~h;Jj: OIX:tJ~OU;irig or:f-i:~!lliJ~~~ af lina rn~t aI (0 l'nizy be iLlIlJXlrl~L
;11 m£l~lhooolbgf J~lh in tlim loss of lit!li(lrm~rtiorl on the (:Ompoa~bn ,El!)!jl ootrlilp:;l:~ibm!Jgrmi'en:i~ ill, and dose to, .~ mnl<ct, Slllle prdbl~s >PII'Di1ic tj} lJlf'OIO HIll. m1!8ll, hll
ruoo
in'a doso::llS'~:am!
ald 'Wihill'lltrue'SOJlO!P ion ,di~:mc£l''W,~
srmjl. ,S$ in5l:mt'e1 !»ntoc~ amilol'es. ,(2) Rnd, and sa:Fiple"

SI~Tii~a'" r1J.1ii:sin 31 a ::Ij'aJ8tll: pori oil I h.@ 1:lInran8 tncr~ 3~8C!!i!d Ool par~~;lIrneltL'lg ia,.e p~O!blalfl'l ~1iI8nbaoo:m6'!';whlc'n, ~05m1ple" it)9! pilO9f~ rc,ms H}QrQiJ~, f'O(M IPtOg!~~' de\!O'laIlllize d!rm91.ailIi'IO~ph"l;rn, ~:d .c~llItJ ~l'llul.t~9;)'lsY'
E'n31~eadt:ultril are d'~
I1a.::L
lD€t€fmiln~ng protolhh eompcstlens (lhestruUlng m;atef1Ial) .

At ~11t;l1 ~'pi~n~
,00
Ioee
,..age,
01 ~~vPl
fngnJi!.~'"
l;,c;!Ueredl p.:jcl!LX; 0'1 mlOO:l:lme I'ISdltitool.as~rt1tl 'io'!i:~'l" oore liD !h~·pltOla'li~1ho!l1l)Ki&thn. o It lfIili~ :313) Ibe,~b1E!tD' ~r~ .11 partiaJlil1 part~[jl~ Im~1!ed r8j!'er,OI'seqpe~ a:1 11~5,.ltter,a1I~'to I~er li!letl!mIJr.ll'illic graf.es '<lJHI 10 sar;n~~Uwrn )J'$ belaw time '·'meINI'i· i:lD!:JioD tl,<# 1ln!'I"~ ~.h;e,g·nse't of ~!iiill iTlEittilIT!,Il.
~he ~gr;;k, !>e!w...etl il!~" fOl"tir.o I~ could be
~:!iIl\i! m<iP:r aJ:1d t:r~' 'e!~lif!ent~, n,i,J$,~iflgltiM h~.gru, ml1meftedl ro~~ ooL!!dprav;xte, a beUoer ~,pto)oiliftl.jJiDiji (if, tmll' ptolGJiHt ccmpt:Nillii:Jnl i~ a fogo.naJ IT!~~,Qrp11iC
IJer~m~.C~m~, fflreQ~·end ootne r~o !ltd
m&'t~,r¢ifo ~6ft,r:l!l&,1;, in wllich I'ow·g:ooe OJuntry H}d!:r.: Wei'''' f<pidly ~~e::II ~I ~Iad. fTlOo/' M .01[1 '8,Ii:cepltofl ~. ~he ffW!iili:a1d tsry ~r~ eli!IiT!el'i!1r:; Irgl~ Iby pr,ggr,~' dG!ID~~li~iom ~smalr\ ~nI litE! ~DDI!:~ ~I 'tII'SJ'E! i !ilCDtliJOfai.GQ wh.ole~e il1l.QIlile.mi~i~e$" (3~ The, i!lO'~ ~~~~ry oo:n~d'ffi'!OCI1 .~ a I;;c;i. i'aro~t, is to; o;dopt a eem[)etefm[lli~ ¥.!lll~ I~~epro~.cm.1l was !$ aCha1'el~ in '~ll1e opl b:n. 100:;:;1:: ~lad ~-eI'''~ o:;.n,npoiSilkln (ag, ~r<w ~,PIl~rOOilliif1e(!I·a1 hlghest-[1:a:1e pa-t:s o.l' a"I~~~ W~=swhere lAtUJallr ... u~} rOlf tli!e' prQtol:th; tlh~'~fO'JdE!~' jli!V"~~:il~ i~· all '~lhe fOCI!;S· m'e' P1¥~~ty meltedl and 1'Ie'!J,'50me aboulnda, bol.h ferlil~m ilnf·~t'lil~ rod;: tWles. <]lid ee PfedW~ <l:iI1f Ih: is ,1111 '8t;r.~r to IU:s8H];t'I Ir'8rnnillg IP1il80oome {lnolii'lm~.1~ed !f!1~i:)!llM~' ~~Iii!g. 8fldI t:rpicdlty m9m>ct .. lc] relict; '~.:lreprr~$I'lnil he pNI~oli'lh f!'!~i~l.!i rompo$iOQn,nh= illrletDCfa:i-cI~r~ 01 ~oolil1e are pnQ;9gr\'!9d !pfK'if~ly bogeaJ£eIM~~ IM/a iflifer'liI~ lhulk oom" D,ete~mir!lir!l,g lhi9"me~t" ,compocsHion p~5itiolf!$, ~ $';i !l!.~ pa'~t.ai me!U~ 'li'her'e ariEltllir~e M~~ ,oo,rnposiH:m ~lBr9 rl9'fQrsto Ha. 9S'fla'ali9d <ll pe;" Pilitefll iill optior,s inl obG,'iniog an etlm:l,e ,oj true prolioUlh ti~ meitili'!!l' ~~ tlhis melt oompo~Hl)n ~~e$ <;i$ tJl'\oe
rn'ltIpO:oi~iafL (1) C>ct,U8€la ver'~ l~g'iI bu[k ~m:plB of t~a If!'iL'glffialiterm1ll100 Iif
wlhQ~ noo~me:; Il1i$ 'o\1Cl'Rsw,el!
Ute
~::t~l:i~,J IpJ[nl lIT! l!lole1'p~e,'lngIletli!:O~me [~ d'imie:l!Jite peiro@MilMir.. it 15In 'inlil1le .Cilm!lltldlltKIltl1~ °iinl1t!:i'~.;)ject~
me~ .-::omposition
9"_ner~lly
mOst
(nl)ie
~~m:~l1!et'e!"1iIlI
m~j~ 01
·pMimary
~.i:}&
melt" ii:o
aystal~io:n
o~the anEle>:;fic rnel~from wElie'" the IleuQ;l-
rliS!lr\!£d
folf ~~iaJ
mantle').
nte
!XJ.liIla 'i'iII:as: de'r\iv.ed, ,rofflt!ln~ ,ot • iClliti;i" a~ ~eett:::· mel1:~·frO'mtI1Qlr~1~m.:;.re:>;: eoo~ ~ be ,cct<irned ~~,om i,]·n:rel~iing 'exp;er:imefll s.thlll:i; rrema'"llng m:tfrias PMI ~ wiitin roiLlilp::i'3tt:Jln~ :sIflilil<lflto ~n6 irJ!J;fil'OO priola litll, 8iibdI paf· ~rw.eQ1 ,<ll F-H'{HkO'} OJln~iIrQln~ ~s.e to IJi!!)~ ~ ~Il!ich too, nahmil tm!'ll~ing ooo,lHeo:l, The !3xper1imfifl.11!I1y pr(OdlEed An QS:!mat~ of ~:h.Q' majpr'eleli"rrE't1t Im:(!lt:s '$I1(fw
IM!P
w~t.1€!.1~~~[j metiloodl '~D idBn1:~y an<d:ectic ~et!!ttJromB, mlgm<t I~es. t hal: m~ b>e "iLhi~ial' !lliel1$, is to oorllpae litS lpo~tiofll to th-oli clllil9 ro~iQCIt:;s; ~ogt'a" lo~ nillc jifH~lt$ QnAb-Or-Otz: o~ Ab-At1FO~ ~o~$" Tw~t)l', elM nerms ;Fe I!l~, bu! 11iI1e-::ll!liC,rm~ or wei~,t··W· 0'i:1l~. ~it:s aim i~ been u~ I~~.g,. W¥lli!il~S61. &~'i'I!n 1979, J>~~,,"ne~I9a.3Ii'. G~!PIi<li i,n:l .L~lMrt~$196'6, lBarbey et .:.I.~~O, 9fmfi'!li'l09S~1 Ferry 11&95, 8~st,cdl ,eI. 31. :20Ui5,}. A wm.~!~n. thai IP~!.$ Oil, Or 'e!o:~ ~Ct. I~heoolect'k; ill tiho ~cm!; Ab-Olr-al~Hpor Ab-AI1-0r-Qt~Hlp.
Or dialexile "r::mr~fi'ldll'l!ll r~ me!,\sfQfl!fIte:;L
r<tneJ
limil:oedit<ll'l~j,~lns
il1lfK!lz
..
00
1,
and
~[I~Iin~
r.~T~(IH~Q)
jt
wlii'i:m
Uto' nal;l!J!" being <Jl
i~ oonsi~'te!i1t wi~h the ~pl~
• i~fnlid'fIlutoot~ rnfttI.
Thil; ~p:ro~li~ :>!Il.I:sIac~o~¥ If Ute 1iiiI~~. W<Y ~Oliili'<l'
tho vJiaicm ilii C1!5, N~O, and I<i;O m!ilt~fl~a ~ b!l'i 1!a;r~.<!iI.1 ","8; ~GI<i;ocIlto tn~lXo~CI,Jitho~· o p!J~~:n. p.r~J~"', ~d ~;E!!npefl!lhM! or ~~Iiai !rIii~ir;!J, &ld 'I'!.1hel.h;er Ille!itin.g,oWJm:d Wil'i~1 {Ir 'wi~oolJJl, 'll Hp Huid a Ipresent"lih~ ~iity"to !iv~~..!r!'l ~Iat!~ OOt'lll);:lli\eHtS, IDaf" ~icub~]( IN~O, wrlrecUy iii ~_perLli1!1ama1~ g lsanother
f<lClo:r~l1;1: ~tiam:jy 9f <dr~.s <U1~ est~Iin<1l~of th~ compn.:Si~lonn !ifi~H;
OOlill10J1tS, but
!ili!i('; ~gW~i~
tlhanl the ~Ie, dili(l~
l,!I~
rrn ~ '~~~~!1!11 ,()!r ~~! ... ,~~, r Nr rocks ina. ,ell nrilS'l.li~ these een~ AIb-l!,I!FOr P!Qls:;.l1t;l!)d
!)g.
rl']iti<!! ~~~Ii~
(GW~1 g()0'4,.
N'~tWit!l~MI':!!~
Q~ ~ ht;l
ti1l~,
lpi'lsSble snd,)I\t~ pr{lbleilm~ in d'etermini~
thei~ ,oompo~· OO!lilPQ~l!Q~ Gf
~1~a·AI~O HJt.;: vri;
UOIi1~ ! p;'~t
in Fg_ 6 Oil COllilJiitl! en
hi ~tiOlru,
.A.;h;m ion ill t;l;llli1pOII1!I1ffl~di!~ge' Ilhe !1T1e_tt
9!~
oompodtiolil, <'Iild nenee I he po8lliion IDf 't he oo~'ect~ [ililes, ('1;19, MWlIrnil119~ A~:¥lt 1I9a3). 1'1wr~h:~wlif!O~'.8. p~~. tibn f:!Y flro III I.hoe,mteclic does oo~ n~ty e-xclude a m;;qn;;j(1corigll ~'Qlr !~OO;!l:)me {(l~ dllol,~;te liIIIl~'I"'ca1I~es f"rlhat ~tef).! ailJloug-, ~ IProb4ll,( exc:ude,.,an "il1jHw'
mell: oo~siliOfL During ~ract~ori'!lll 'Cf'i<stalllll'ziltiolil,; tina phat.e~ ~:i1IiII: 1l;i\i\3 crySl.:fIliime ~e ~~edI !rom tlta relil".alling "~Jiie1lliOnated· or "evolved" tlhal repriQG;Irilt ;;mlJ1lIl.llllacoln::;: o~ I he· e~lllkfo
f!l~"
11T1~'I:!~b~rined jr,om p\Wtidi"'le~i~ o le-xperiiffioe1ills. ronductei:l {lin a llarHety al' st.-:ning oompo~~ th>llI!~ ~r~ 6'~~, pet!"t~n, ti'l ~;parit:lll;j~~$; w~~J!.j~ Hlp
,~dedl '~ro·caJl'ed ·dieh,yr:lratiorl meltirng· 1e'J:.per'irnlE:lill.s). end
(~~,. i:iIuencheri!
69' Ipa't~1l ~o e:}(per.illIl~llfts ~rr.ad :Q:U.!. WiH! HdO 8X!ed 10 tt!e,~.perm>em.al dl:Mge, ~~lhol.ll1l LflO~
1F:t;J'.>. '~" <rId1 6 m~ressilfll'l' with elOOiJJh: W :sawa",:: the rewllilng mel. (oo· m.iad • ~O.jju~ed· t'Il,8Ili~l. SlmplEt3 o~ J~rolm8 Dr
for a~EIIlil;pIe,.~~, Of to tliile ~c~u

Stmyet
~1J~t2
8ai!1!#es ~e-):Ji~e p~ttinDI if! the SEmf! oormpostiOnilliie1'dl OI9,aw~()rmoo cr~a's, Ipr~a19 e):periiroon~;aI·g"a!ms mrt)' r~pr!ilOOi'lit OO·I1lPO~1ion~ (f;t ·i!iim~'!IIlell. plo-t !i1a~nj[(]' t~ p~~~~, I
.. ~l j;Jdll(Qjlli~;n:I1 8~
~rlJ tlhise-;o;..aT!p!e,
'1~.
OliiCS
i9B?)., whetl!!t!!; ~ma~pes
01 ·fr~til;yn<1:edr l:rIa\t
potentia15<1f1i1nles
.of
~~nitli['j" malectie;
~~.
~~
plJ.o1 ~n' the

~o!:(,
the 'qlJ<'!I'tz-__,ort~;;:hoo, Jo~, or tn,g mtit.(fdlaoo, oPE!:!:. Lel!OO~tm'te' ~na 'OOil1~ain$ ~llit~l:aJ:io ns o~ ","f~~
Of qlJl1litl: ayst;r,!::;, a'ro iH! pmlOib III, IfirrtharllllOrft,.
o;PPQsiledrect[On,
tcwa:d
tile
IbsJflm idQmi~ii€!d,. tf)ejrIJ~€Irgm.!3n1· oomJflillt's stIDukil b€!, li~ig;II:e<lI~or OJ~lirm~ion .. H{! PQ~I'il~ af .CQn~<Jm· liMiH:m wiitlh tl;)B, Irl1!'Jid.ium .~ ol j"ra::~lkJ·n~ ar~d!izai[Q1l
sl;i3tjd]
tilfTlr~i$f1 QI !h"" ini~i~ ~~ll!!tit~ Im~!~ by pIl!~ ootRbty qi.ll'lrt<: ~ ~are !Q~ Ihese IPar~~lar p[o~~ ~ row) un ~M. tM: .,Ibtoo,,"",'lj' t~!O1'1'1a oo~1lCtr~ neil Wflf!!)Oa1iolilS gf ~rf~tl1 dom<lilrn~ Ql. !euoo~~' <I~ ~'fIi11
t~"
alii!'
b~ i~~IOO,.
f:-ooti~~
,cfp.1ill~tal'l
r~lt8 elE!i!iii!ems.w~-
in
an eruitiJ;r!'Tlfffi!l ill ~he- wmula1e ,!!f!d ~ e;nf:!~!ili!ent
en
the' Ir~'
IP;;d[l)IEI~"i1J h ~h9>9<.... ly'e;rys:alliiBJd iI1Id a:rurm.wll<rl:9::Ilmrn91alS\
if! Ui!:e' ~r·i\!!;;tigin~~
~t~
'i;>f !cl1etr~'
.'Ild Ab-Qt~Olt· ,of HIt! !e~~~ ger~ !r!:iiT! iifiet~ilt; ,!'ID:l iffi~:.p.<fti!nn~ pr;)Ie toll~!hsextlfHl.ds.lr()m gllliliie' to ~~!il'olt9"Md korn ton;uRe to ti'!lIQmPd'orUe, lor 1~~''iOE! derivajfrQnl lIilel ama' fit.; prol(l·lil~, H'~, th~ Wr.mpo~trOIii '01 a liruco~m~ li~, oot 1ff$g!~SF]ilP~ !If;! ~tfli\liJlilk.a;llnFXl~~ KJnl c,lf tl18 Pfelt!,l tit!l gf '~Ii;e'P- f'Cl:ilicm ii'llft;i aiwlhich iiii:el! i~ '(')OO;!irriOd.A r~ o! larc:crome rolmp.Y~tt:JllS. is oorllliflolilly foundl wLt~'ii\n Sin· d'e Ql.atctv~ !-or ex:..-nple, tile- ~A!iar~ ... A(i$, 5a and 50. re,pr~ ~el,!W~mel wrr;posit~n~ "II"'llJm (1: ~!e' O~~t;~'l;1p' o~ IifIrglillalil,~ deri!!fed fr1iJJjiIlIil lin@! ~i'lc pr'Otol[trn. T!Iey
ditlw
la. ra1~
irn Fig. S. en
q,~H"tl- 3ki1i fef~pr~g~ lit'Ie:!OI10nn plot,s.. Tlh~ ,oolli"\~tibn
,a\f.Imems inCClmp;liiblle wii~~jh~ I1!lLrlafak Thus; Hl!e ~ 1i'ii!i:U~i!I ~f <l; ., i~H.;jj."m~l~ o:J~rii~dt~1ii [cs ~ n;j: il. !iilOut::llllii:t 1~IWee!'lC he wrrli!.J!~e
n.;!J(!3fid I !1e~t'a;:1lolmR!leol miO'lt h~g

alii ino:mllpMfitilo
O'~I bi'oi'<lfiai:: !plot:; of
{~nBUlucm
\i'ef"QJ~
(;O!lil~ lbo!e-one. ~e·;~I. ....,...FgI,!$ ~O !N"+tQ Qr Rio V~[aJ$ a1,Q~ ~iill Ir,:.¥,e~~th! !ille~ (I~I ,diq~s; t'l;l~, &!.Nyer '100j1'~, BJ re:~he ro 111,p31ibre e-llel"r..el" 31d 1~lheMhel' lREBi rue i~mp:l;ibl~ {~: F.g, i}.Tni:> ,~n)tr~1 iX'~tk!:i1 ~i~ Iboofl.JS'1: the ~[niUer amted!1i: melt II~ pillrenl~1 to ~Ile Q'~;.Hi;;h C1;.!Mul<,jN1! alcl 10 tn-e I~O!:)~~~ed ti!~eI~.Me-'Fe' W~jille lill1port~tJ:lf, thOC(hmp:;!ctlj~;lrlsGf il~a.'ml.!'i;!t~ a1d fr~~nft t
al.'ii'd
~!
SI'tOiN theS'.li]ile
rellilllkillf,jj!p
10 tlhe "~IlIH!llli' 11i1,el!

,3$
lir[~.i",e Jrllel~,
of wh~lfI~
Ui.13'~elt formed
anl~ll!brrum
I~Difn granlt,€. to h'ilii81il,s'_ u"Uifswlda
io';Bi'II~~n
a. tra:'!N!emenl·lmder:l.aI!IX,al:ed
m~t. Ifdiseq1.il.librilJi1lil
eqUiilibrium
metLor
ill Ul:e',cmT!p)!;iliG~
l('Ii ~oome
i.sai~~iWled
IQfrECtKlIlai
a ,dl~qiJil[briiLm
1lfi!l~tlr,",1Pf'C>d~
M.3teri.31 com
d reitos 3Ulnfais
.JL!lI~1::!J
-----------------------------39
I~
rM
Quaru
Gre!Y''o'acke
~1!p~~~jrTj r11iIillir'llj
~
'
I~
..•. '-.
o,,~., .. .•...
~ !:"
c.
t' - -,c/
'."
',_
I~
..
~Ig. ,G.Com~t rooJo~ gIN, ~qUeft-d'!etJ paN i~ m€ll~Sl 0t«alnetl fron; part ~al-.meltlir!fJ €!XPl"iments 9'10i.M1,a> a j'IJncliioo at' compo.sUon 01 g3'~ ing IfNt'!lfll<iJ (J)'~<1IIi1h) SfId ~:hJ3I'~~ Qf ~t~lf1g\. (00 FaI1.iial meUillilig of pa11~ pt'01~llt hs with,· (c 001 Ilcl.p ~ {Ii .a, :dehrdra:iioti1 meltiln g}, N C!i e tlhe '!!Iilde Ita1,!;le Qf CCJrniip:JG' iens, {~ Par'i;)l 11lIejitiflg of ~e')"Ii'i!;'p;J~' '(IP~Ii'LI~ I~~ ~Q!QI~~ w;t Mut HI M lfig}!) 't h:a:'9tl Qll.I~;er 01 cg!ifl~~ loo:soonr~lfIdi ril~ to !'lfIOO~il'!fii' its" (~ Pa1i<ll ~ti~g a! f918ic ~atclilns {g"'anite, tan~il03! !I3!,r:..} whlh1lUt ,~ Hp; 11'18OOill\pn9I.ionrn rmg;r'is 3111iil J logreyw.atke5, ,(~ Faiia] ,meltingl < ITltii,c" praol lths ~lM!JJI H nm: ,~t lens 01 gla::a, f,ail oo~he.ql!a!I1~j}te~~n, Ibut~me1!fe g:almdi(ili"ilt~c., {€I (ilasscomp09t~om; r¥ H.~O·~ lpaFl!iai"meiling ,~~. ~l~tsol' ~it~c, gr~I!::e!,!eI!Oit, amdl rnr:;ti:cprot'dUth~ 9hcwnr en :<I.ql;.lort~<lJt:ilt~hooll~ plot. {~ Alii tll~ gass. compo:jtiOOilS f.rom oi!! to d ~91(l"WCl1 a IqtIOjItL: -akalli on fl8lld~ -, ~ 'igiocll~ me:!Onorlml po~ .tnOVtlilI Ylil~h ~Iltl field~ fr~1 rlOC:ik.ei$;:(l {~976,}.li l1e ,,~ OOTlpOOiti()r;~r(.ll~ ft'(lm ~ng9fiiilite lo'Wn ite,. b.J~ mM; ai¢ IlitOOll)· g'.:mite. ("9G~eI>OOr:npDfltion51'O~ &i 20·;;rlde;] ~i.~'., ll9lJJcllltixoo, lPartiaJ.m~i iflg e):~pariimffilS 00 1p<il~tiC,9''''f''i'ook}e, reI'9~, a,'ta rr.~ic prdol ithlS, S:iO!NJ'l M a, q~art.l; - <llkallu leldep<t -lpl<gooll<l!ie! me&lI'lOrml plot,ru1ong 'Wit !II the 'fi,elds ~. flre::k9i~ (~976), The '~<l$ O!)iTIpoSHoris range lrorn i~ogrcnilt,eW WrlaIH,e" rtM. mos ll!e in th~ 'gra"llOOm'• ~te fiBid .. L'lJElild: 211!!1a-E!S; p""a.5 lkt;rar, Ci rdI es, P~-1Q k:t;.a"; ,diomonds" po 'i 0-'1'6 k!bi;I"; .~ri:an;gl'es; P:;,.:20 I!!ba: fi 1IIIe:::I :wmt:ds. T <9-25 'C; qpoo ~.rnlbdls:, To> :925 'C., D1llawu r~ niI~;\fl~ ites (Vielzeulan:d E-:l oll~ ~OOB, IlLe Bretoo a'lGllIl"lampa:n 1988 .• Psti no [)(}tite <'flO1.JtoI1 nsontsst, Paluiia II)ouee and H ans ~99B" lRicta-ung .¥to J:JhnlElOO 1900, Koe<liEf ~. <II" ZQ()~: ffiIlIeI:i!U"~OO {Coora.:llet ~I.' 900; V1a122Uf and Mor.tel ~994: Gardioo eI .~I.1985, WOO; P<'Il.ifio Do~ce .<tf!Q 9~d 1QOO,~9-));Si~s~ j, 11 001'; M'O(it~ <m~ Vie!,~! ~OOf'; Ca"1tfO ~ aI.1 00J0; (~foot 2tI04}; fe 9C rocks. (GOltl rOel.a1. 2OOtI';OcrIlroo Ell: aI.11:98e:..bhfi!:'lOrliaJId W~ll'e 1968:.lItvl riO'i'.~~ ,e! <1.1 ,2000: lM~n9'" WidWylllig 1883'; $!t;jo8flli~<lJl.d..tfJIMon 11992,1'9001 SnghOOldI~hl~mr~ 199f1a, .~; m!aluc rOCks ~lR:u>jt~ 1991; R~p <lJ1dW~ ron 1~9fi5iWolfiYlld Wrlll ia H191,. U994; Bpri ngo:r and SDi: 199'7, S:O;:]sl''i'i BiYlId Rill! DooC8 IDJl2; ~1:e!tJ·,iYldSkjerl ie 20\1i2},
p ~~,
PaddeJl,
ru
no
40 --------------
1....
rJMOUr:TIIOI\I
AJllllrOck types
I" \
.AIIIrocklypes,
IH"~IJdd!Jd1 rnDI~r.g
I I
"
'Iamar l1!le!tW:HII 'ver'l!" low ootlOlntr:ii.iom: 01 il!COrnpw, ibis .eleI1l1Snl.s,. 'tli:elil fri<r;I.IDlit~ .ai)'Sl e111za:101i'l 01 tha:l li'lilell will
ail
'\iiel_1i a w!Ti""lale wiith Sillhw-er I!erel>.

Ilf 110 'i~Hi1;ji' ,~\'!;1ia:::~rc ens cail lire Ider.J:lI!edfrom m Ute m~i1N~ mmptlr.: rol~II!dI! I.hiitli <11. gl~ co!i'n,jX)~[Qn rrom M~lP~op!ial.e e_:(~if~ef!t,al slLId;Y 1~5a:~l1Ieor~!l1i" I~' ~;K'tii1l.9'oonm.po~tion arid ~~{IHP) iX;oMitt:iIlI~ ~ tine llIIign<1ut;e5.1 wliidl be IYftltl ~ a ro9'ler'll~poiifll: wnIJpo~]iOliiI, !HQWffIfflr, tlm!]1 '~B OOlillf:O~tiolns,,!}f
lha.'e c:meJfenl {m1f![XIf.i~K1ns OOl:alEe I.he aJIIlf!IXH~!bll of U'E mUltoa has ,cn~iand~h.e telir'lpe!ia1U~8 oil palftf<ll me!~ing has itlC;ri~ ,1\ tlai:ectic mel~s IIJ~di¥e~te 'wmposili-D:ns ~:ant,[I ~ as =n m partii4 moltir.g ~rl~ in oHr:~r i"@d-;s I~J:; {]if d'[f~~8m pulk 'i;DI11i1p;!!itiof'], 'Ttu,.IS, it m lis not a ~ple ta9\,~~' dletenTine Itheoompo~lioJ[l of 'i:il~ ~llll~liBr~8CI~ melt fmmw!iildl a pill'tiDJlEI' D~ch of I~·
003'lrne,or diatelliil,e i~atNe;
""",115 Ci'e.riivwl.
g:~
~rolill
P<II~i:ll"'I:lf.lll1iJrlge',xpe[iIillBmJta has tim dl~<li\t'91 t hal tN~:.e-el~,menl; OO!1lffii!1Sli1<.rJregen:er,l'I.Ity nCoI OO~ repo-rl.ed f,(lr tner.J1l, 3l1.11O~IIr&:mmrn\lalCe!:, in Ia.'l;;Jl!{tica ted1!tiiqu:es 'wUII ~11'<tJle ~M ~ra;(!',~em.'9!1t ooV!t~nt~$of eiJ;~itrr'!ent.aJ g~ lio b~ de!erJi!!linwl rou!imely,. A oolimpOjlim of ·~nm;.l"<lIl.u:ectlc mli'~ may Qinty or ~~is, w hemtI~8" ffr~ t'Qd<. p.::t" tlia:i)! lfOEi~.5jOr ii HlB protoi i!h ~a3, iTIi:J!Dtg2!l1BOLI!I;,~ya
m~Ul8
IResj,djuallrocks
I?bClk:SI h~ ,oont:aln. the t~OWyj!1 IlaU ;;l'!er partial r~eMi~
CW1!
o~r
~ m~,y"brrn~
tn ~f9~~~~~f'I.r;j
lor e:>:aJ~,
ln ,~:ed
EB'b&y '1100~ ~,
aJ~cdOOr.oIDLiS 'gralrt,~ ,(~,
I!ll!il: ;J: U~9'-'!lr'l' S;I't illC1ii1:1m€t1I1:S. m<tect~ 'o~
~el!
d'erM::d flrom a sl1(;ie rotl!'re
limH'Ia, bwaEl.-gilde ~t5D' tff1ipatij'Eltarr~. tm.EI remlf11Jf,j1 [·od\;s,~e oomtTKJnly~ bu~rot exdlJ1ivell,;,. !Clllnd in thE!' Im.elar(lr;:t'atic ~me~ arwlfld OOif:es 'o~ I~uoo'llme. Gore' ~o~l b~~~!li ~Q d~i~9J'i?h m~~1T!';!I {!.<I", m~I~" depleloo rejdUlllm) !,om rMlic selVedges, Iormffi by f~ UDI'I betMfatHrI ItJi ~[!{!JIOtj~m~, ,Of WI"., ~ its '!,!I.<:IllifOd<Js.. I!la,
--------------
J"'III:.n.
rM
i..!l:'ii....i,I,i.~c:li
4\1
1000...-----------------"
\!\V I.UMA. !l.EUC()!SOM!GS
b
()~1------"--
I!JI (:9 HI
Nd S;ii'iI'ELI lib 1100 .,...."..... ..,.... ...... ............. ....,......".--r.....,,...-,......,.....,.......,......,...""'!I MorurrnlHAY nJE:UCOSOMES:
G:RENiVli.LE
Mafic pro~olm:h
Ffl}l:)NT
lEUICOiSOMES
0.11--
Fig, '1, Chcri6' it eHlIormall~ ~ar~ear!1h ,eI,~~ {RSE) pail eir!l1sfor 1~!lO!lle inlOli~ mlgma! It,eter~anes, (01)' U'ppe!"O!JllPhi'OOI il'EJ;4a::i8!> a;l~ ~hs. T l'oo--eoo,'C, P :3-4 k:ber_ (tj! Gn1iflllll~t!9<-la::iies allO\t9.l~S. T 8:2S~75 'C,' Pe,.;.7 kbar. '~Q Ug::peti"-atnpfnl b:;)li~'a-~Q h::)';' er-gr~.1.I1iilfWf<lCiesart!'!!SI::is., T ,~'C. .. P &-'10 kOO,L {~, Glanllillitg,-I~~ anm~Ts r Br.J<""875'C"Pea. 5 kbar. A I~.~Mieu:c:c:mlmlll S'IIiiflpl'OO. ~rE1 fram m~<'il;~ili\! m~9iIIiI!llilitm. Ani1lOLil~ U'IGyfamtti frCII1iiI dilf6li"et:lIl Ipratdil~s tlhal undenlletllafl!:'tie>:i:s ~dm~erU pl~m:5B.r'id letTlpl3"<l!illF'E;S, ~~II the RI:::.E dhara:ITer" i!l:li05 ell tlh e I 9lmosnme SJi~es ore val,,! aimidar. T'111,ereafe 1,llIfEe t~ or HElE. ~I ern!> wiltlhi 1'1 tllile l~i1iIe d'trtl. (1 J 1MOS:~p1es of leuooOOf'De Ihavoea REE ~.etlrn 'With 01SiIF(lfl9, ~HveEI.!I arJomaly, b.1l lo~ abundances of the tQ.iO'!l REE, QI;l~~ to· th@ ~ h~ ~~~In'~ (2) A I~v ~pliis. Qf 11~~~~flit~ Iil?lle IR~ p~J~Iil$ wi!h ~.I[;l~;U~~@ iEl,1J arilam~~;;!Jidfin~~aI, Uil€ Ilignl~ ,a:;u~~aIIM RE:E{3} ill f~1 ~~~OIleu~_ (sn~/i'f"1 ~oold line$) have intetlme.J!ata-lwe! FlEE abl.md<'lfloesandl .a ~I'I paUerril wlII1iOlfi: Ell a:JomSfr.,.:.The pt51flCEI ~f !he mea typa5'ol REE pau etnswilhi!1l e~h ofl.ltla I~r:na ruitesis. intflpreta:ll .m~roog e'I,i,idoore th~ froot ioooj ,or~ allli,la:' Noo ~1aye:J1. m~m rol e I FI tlhe '~UHOFI of ll'ie· ana! edlc: lmelt from \'IiMich I.he leuOJoIDFI}~ in amlgfll<t~te a N~"ra'1le·!o'li1l.'li. denivai ihE! I~rme ~plei>r.Mlhl 0<1. ~ h ~ternl ~ in~~Etej to howe c~;"'lli;;gj Irarn m~~Slh" h~ wn· 1p::1!!iliionsr:ila~ to Ihll of ths ~l'iIilirnllllil1il'loclic ~t: l~lmQIDm:g· ~~BS\lIirtliii aJ pJstliv8 Eu1ililom~.DriB in.t.Elip'" Ell001 to befeild::par a.::cu:m:U~ai:ion5 derivEdI fJrOO1pMi mary mfils, ~d tb1e ~eueo::DfTlIe s:rnP~e3 wil h a IDitgati\le tll anomaly C,ileInl a'~l€d to. h3lie. ,c~<mHl r,FOOl ,evoIvoo anal 6(1 Ie melts ttio1: hi1!f:l.aJlrmy cty9<ililm rubSaniUaJ dfOOiInH,cd !91d~, pri !tol pally pm.goclOl..'1a,
of bia~it~ !19t~if-gr~~ ~<!IW;li!~ ft!~i~e ... ~gh ss.tho~ fOllOO in nllE!ll-depl'eted, g'"@J'lUilit'B·rmes, terrmes (G~!;f(firt1l<l O!fIdl Siw'lfBl ZlJOO), OOfi'!;lIOJollJl~lI' mel<llllO·C!'allc ~Qd!;~~~, rwe', Ibut vi~~uaily~I the- roclo;~;w!;l' ITII;iI~.depl~ied. , and heore ri::~ in b!JIlkooll1\p::IsHOIlI(Bllifbej';?Ild Ouney lBe2, Mi='tl1:l;nee! al, 1983, C~~II ,!£o1 aI. loam}. In
Of
t.;jtsr are ge[l)(ira!l~ namrll'f andoo:mpo~ll~gsly
re~
II dti!fibit .of r'~lJ1II'fI., I~.,. 1!I.~rpMi CirO!ll'l.<rI!ectt;:liflslt
hQr~1e!rnk.
I~
t~ig,.0
b!!t<!~ ~. 199~1.
Mhil,eraJl co:mpo:Sl~ions
·oillhlfl p:ro~of nr.te'JGa: in liIligmalili9:!O cal be· m~del'oed .as nile a:;lclitIQn 01 one or' mor~ !1!lirner~~ 100.0iI p;;'Il"ticuls- staning wmpol'iliolil,. orlliieiFrublr~:iolrn I~om ~h<1lSl:ar~ing oo·mpoSibn. ThMClforro, l.h~ colm.poStl~nll of
Marti
plares
'!IIItlere cflllllexite I~
mlgrna!lnte:!:
,1:1'113cl:lUlI~8Iil.\.
r·esl:j!Jlal
rod<:s ~
r"'EI, ~
..
d~aJlOO
,g.eoe~m~
stud¥
I'Ii1i;l,!I'
Material com d relics JUln ais
minerai's presoot in rnigmaiHes ,!:fe ,""very u~li.'!!l ,oddil"ion ~o 'wooIIIJ,rod{[)3OChoelIT1&a dl~ams, b8~ Ihey m!llj ~ndi·
,.tJi.!.l!n~
a1!d IiI1f!i!er~1 'CQ~gl:!ons
r:;f,Mermined
withEm
crist he vectors {)if '03mpoisilbnilll (;I\mge BS!OdiJIoo wirth the 1Pfl)~ I hal: oo.:t~ il] mig!fla1~es{e,g."oon_M'!mjnal:~n o~ alk"'eo:::liic melilby r~sidua bioli~e:), Willhl1:h!3, ifl0l'eas!~ ~a.il<bllity .~f ii~~ IPt-Q!be,!Illd ~r-~lalio!1 tedll'!iqu;eE1, ~~-
,eI&!JI:rml·micfoo:pmtii! ~" Tir~ eleliFlellts;~h1t can ba 1lJ!Bd ~ID repreoomt ,the IFe=MgBIi£<'Je Iminel<1l:~; Irml&'i n iilltlure~
eJitd00; Q,.NfI"m11V m'~i!J;eu~whe~e~IHide'

Tlhe bklHI.e' OOlllfltXl.ne:m
,and f9 oxidEi nilirlQflaJs~'E!~n.t
teli1ns(!~ m~r
liflif\'l pr~
and
m,ce
elelll>enl'~ ,WE' tiecomirg
r,o!.!lll1etj
I1l<llI;rJ~ for Ull!i ~nai~~min.~r'aJ!: I'm Irnligm..cl!.iln irhe!l!: dot;]
~j~~'il if! ,~eflll~)'in.g ~he pr(;~'eMI1Oe of re5li'!uaJ m[IiH9r<1l\S, lint l!H.Ioo!X1l':1:1e ,;Yld ,dfi!ie:.:ite nli,;ml1hl:i, ;lS, well 0!5 till p~r;jinlJ ryrtl1er OOfi!~hainI50n rnOdeI5o'r- pet~ nei:!ci pr,ooo!OSOS in mlg!'il!fl itOii, ruchl ,as p.,-tial IinO~~1 liIlelit g;('lr;:£;l I~n. t],ocIlr<x~i:l'nOlJI <1"~!;I;i<Jlllil~liO!ft
of Ifesid!..!i,.im ~I;.!'d, fO,f '~:<Y\Ilpl~, be Ir~'e~~ lzy lRb, Pe-jd~a rim in slli[il1JW!i!e'.wrdieri1e, ~:r ~I')£!II ,~iUk'I be, rep. 1f\Cm.n~.edIby A I~O~,SlIifI~ilIly, caO IrnlOJlbi!t ru~1 for It'Mfdua Irich in ~'!OIfIl!!l.1evd~"dlriQ~o~e.1e, ~,flCl ()1\;(,'iQCI~: S' mat dI~ b.:!. tisad f-CI~ [~l@ifolY.i 01 Plqj.ocl3til!!·.rkih Jr!ssidLI<I.
IM~ Ir"~~Qr,SiihL!'iG'~nlhOit
tr.e
O!~gc pa.rtoftlf1lltaH!J
Ibtd~l~r .~me Ir~ !O'f:em~;!'~ iioo\Qngl the FiEf,Y, Til, IU, IHit ,2~, iii b, ;]IIJd ira i~ loca:1rl illll ,ro:::8!:m~y nlj'~6I';Q.'~ ond
6,,,3 Oiagranullati:c re,resentation

Mosli
ge;llk:9cd prQQl;l~:riekl
n~beh<Me~[)f
wmro[~;
t~
11!1Iil!f;lr;i$dufilngll~t~ tll~em~
n~el1i~'tg Ia'~!y bo:l'lween
UtI;'!;! cl ~p!~
th<J;l;
dei!'lel r'eOO;:. er IH€[js_ 0 n oo~si1ibn:3l d~r:fll~ I:!ecau.re tlhe pro.c:ea; Illes ,a:jV31CBd ~<ftllner Itl :DrIi'Ie:;;;rnples ~,ha1 in 01 hers, To [miLe.rpret lan::h tlr:eoos" tli1eoomposil:tiJoi1 s:I;lIf~I~1 {i.e., p~ec-prl:!=l ~a:i!?rialj ~eithe~
of' the
the enq-
pI"ocl~: il'e
O':lm_po:i!lOLn,'l;Ir Hle'c'~
pmpmtiollilS
amd lmo~ teq:JitBd
i~mi~rd ~rrib!~ ~111iaI f~ !J;rvo1\l8d ~t hi! !]fOCBf&, 3 IfrlDoe:llng '~' Drily' De,
,are C~ iH OOlirlpo~nm
UtSull
,quilli'Lit~M!
dol1ie 'i!lLth tllis -lirotiilil;:(~tl'
b9SI! ltio;wfllin diag~lrn1;~.h~ dlispiklytlhG g!e.a100:t disperoon o~ tli~ p~ rOck ~:%Jes,~!JI: the :;;tarliiii9oolii1po5i~i!'l!1. fuaml dii[q~ lin ""'hid!~ ,~mel:l1: tM: chara::terir.res
ong o~
~r.c P;fOt!ueti:i. of
~.hDpttOCii~, rnrnoocrGd
fll~, taid-
l!\,8Ti} i$ plo~~~ ~1l5! 00 glemae!f',t 11l_~ dl~J(Def~~ the ollii!6r ,[e@" arn1iecl:la: me~l' ,a"i!' :g3f1Ieffal,y ~Jf.'iciatmt.I80H, tr,a m~or ,e!'eiit~n!sffiO 'I:r<'Ce ~ifT'ooei'Ms 5Ilo~ltI ~'t~eaH!d" I~d
M
ili'Iali!.CIlc nm~l. ~'1d th~ Ir~sdlwm (saNJ.:Clll00El.; f3\!;;J 1~~.1 $\96,~" .1)1~ ~t!l!. ~994L; W~~ ~ H~1'"'Y19~), Ii'! some ,ciirrumf;l8!lce3" the ro::= ry munerds di=~!o'e OOII1ll. Iplatal)' li!tQ' the mal~. Ire,:iUI!J~ II'! a IF,a9dUl.!!r1'l ,da-pl~ad in t~, ~Ir~ (1lg!ll~n~~~~I1dI!i\!ilill U]{l~ P"'"tW ... ~ Sil'ry IP!!~ oo~ in oOlher:$,,~lh~ ~r"i' ll'Ilillef'<ili!: w-er'e' '1Ol~~r ilfll ~'GS$, or cji:d rp'!: d!~tw (101,9, 001 ~~ tirr]~~ , O~' ,rou'k:l1 not dissollve {e.oJ.i al'lmored by o~her' pha!.'es'~ frilo tll;l, mglt, .0!:1IJ all! e~t!dilmen~ .;)~'~he ~~~edl'~'~ eile--menrs ~n the rmUJ!um r~ai!t~ IiIO.'W~f, r~cer]i IleaJJI:::· ~fjiom lu'bra.ih(_tH£:mperalln'e 0( lJI H'iF'~ mel ;)jjup:!lili:: t'efllanes ~ 'IhEII: ~ry pi1_ may t"Jontlm·II'~cj 1.00' tr:a::~ ,el\:!meii.t ~: in 'rie.t:y-midh-l,B-'rlp~allue .alk'te;.:~ HO!o:~. and 1H;J';IQ!j' (2ID04~ am:! COloo'iG ("J. aI. (:llOO:4~ fOilmd thai i!lg, Irn~pr 1P:1f1~ iill rook~ iormao [dj. yl~ ta-hlisfn temparotlW!r'~
can amtaiin ~ilr:;:a;-n anouatsot Ihg1"~ield".gtll~.h m~i'rIs, ad ~ Zr ~d tlma, FlEE, In ~ridrJ'Jl1t ~'Ll1\it~ €!lee ~.IU
u~
tine
W';If tr~
,;:n di~rbuled
roclo;s i're
Ir.lO~
com!'TlJn!~er!ritih,"", iT! IFe,-:PII.lJ

bu~ IfI.ey I'ilat .~ Ki'f!f;l!d~ mi~fal5, R!;'{f~~,
9I'h::Il~ l1I'iitl!er~~ ~~;1~ 'e!lric1!ed irl .~~ry
to tfre pr.ototith.
IFri~Clrph~ ~~ tha bu~ ~he'WMIe' fOd.:_.

t~
t:a:rn co ntrol
,cr tlme!t h~1i! model ,EbJrid'a:l!::ie,

~O~ maarly 01 t n.Il!;G~rr~ e1e1l1':1antsn i
e:ve:ni qwmril,depefildjng
~I!1lt.h~ par~icul'ar CQmp.J~~f1 ~OOf*
o! ~.Iiit!; protoliUiiI. The FrJ-,Mg ~rtcj!it Ir<ld lOin Is oomlllilCl,nly
ir!le !:XII-; WIl1J)!Ji5ltlOlils oj !<Orne IPro1.Q!iHE r~!~ Un

<1'9
I!fJ II'S5idi..!;l
M!p . , 'rlO.:~, 'o'oIlh~~ fe()1i reprE!'reflI s idll:Iii~'liro,n e:i.'!preffiE!d es IFeD',.!::tiI unoomoe drQ,JmJ~~$ tlllatohQ~ ,or oomoon.e-l1t:s ls 1~I'OIIl!~a1'eI" IWTI02 I~ pri!ild'pall~ i!!i! !ilIifl~r:j~ ©~h.Qr~i~ W1 I~'g ~!i,
f~J~;~
t:>/
~M :~m
W!J~'i rm i~K.jGl\f~, or iin qU<ftz; 1<;:0 <.lIllif .9:O~, re~liife!:r:, ~ be M ~prQPI'r~!iI w~ tl~ difr\e1J~t~~, IfOOoK'lld'ijf~ frOm! !llUChl r~d'u~ fr,om inose, d'Elri.. d from .a
U'io!!r.n.~lt 1~<lI:tik:J,I'i'.AnatedH:l rr,.;il~'$ ~n!¥~l!t ItaJ~ '~ro-n~~a!lit~~o tQi'laJa~ tto!ildtiljemi~oe in Q;lllli!~tk;!1I {~ Fig;:. 6)0, a,'l'llol.1gh
~e,g., r1uli!e, ral'ller than btol.ic.e), it I100I. be beUet ~iIJ eon~ Ii! ~aat$lyff\t]r.nl ,~FeO'J + M~'}, t-..ecalj~ r.nrn~!lI's.~111<.t f.orm ve:r1i'ffi"iaJllgraim~oould be~e.::POOI withHte m.;!~,mUi(;h i~ !n~ij,ed<l"n;:on,t.O'F ex~p'oa,.-1'Mpne~
eae o~ lie QX[df;l
5~1
IPUt~ lm~'for!ifl
amtectic
;md
melts;
an sye.n()grClli~;e G:ri1Jilt
o:mnPiJ·~Ii'an
m Fe,i~~ide
mm'olb
in the pt'olo'lith m!JW1II;:
InOiin F)fO~Qli~hs, ~ctilM
~!;obC4~OO'O~
tlh<llillrine, .nd po,:;st:I~ mDs. of the Fe iis 1101. hilll.hf:' sl~e mlner.:.ll.!.In Itlli<lt drd.Jitlsl:_" M\;tJaloile 1m", h Ihe oost 'w'fJ!! ,l)f depiG!iil1g ~.Iile ~enoifl'!sgnesiaJil ,ooduumbAlltartl<tiv.e:l~. b<;l
'I;l!l
{F1Ckering
.b1'lll~'QiJ'I'1996,
£o.o-U.
IPe'1:es
Gie:ner;:;jj11;
the'
si[jr;al:,e fl!ad.bl~
!n tree
an<i~lc; mell,s ·aJ'ee-nrlche:l iI~ Kp,. Na,p, or:rr.J :50'2 re4atiw'tQ, their IPro.tt;llfh_~; i~c, tlr~ dIO'JIi!~!: C~ 9.;.,. i~tI Li
,are
Ip;:i!
thieo whollHod::
IF'OC)'f·rollllt~mt nliJ)l
~iti:o~~f:dl Imto ~he m~l~ uooet! n)Q:~ dtrull~.aJ'J{jJS ifIflall~ in '!il'J;. QJtIItLnerMi
rr~1;K;l bl"aiJ~ r,~JI;.1:i'1il9 ,~Ol[!lllt th~ 1CI1Fe· ill ~he,wi" fikle andl Fe o~:lde mir,e]'13Is" U!5!ng ~ romblRal'ion of IrIlodaJ
ail ;:arlial
orLl~
[lcem.howBf
and
1l.!!'Ildont 1995"11900}.
Hel1O:!',! the;;.e 111i~1'
,o.xldes ll!.I'id IITO::'
deme~$
me a:!'mlillO!11ysed to u
IrEpfeeem
me'l, or meln·i:lsJivm
m~s.
the an~~i;;:
ili1 bilIllIb:iit p'i!JIts.
Matched s.;rnp'l!1'll ·cdll~ted from di~~!lJ·ern parI!> of indi~ OOdies o~ II3'!JID.'lOOm8 ooulid be lti:&d lD 'illl'll'i'lltrgl!e
~r~·tKnniJl tJl'yat8l1im:lion, 10 linl;'Ei9:~EI
alF' UiIEI Lii'fili(l;ling
Plauklcl;;G.a [s ~t1IQI'aJ!:f OM ~f tlnQ find rnnet'as to si ~ i~o Ci'~oIIiZ!1 f~Clmmelt~ 01' ,g.r~lic lo:im_bn\ endl !!il '~Ihe e;j'~ IP<J"tQlf the cry&.;jlimi~l;jll i'Wsi;ory.it Ii!l:a'j be tlm~ Irnm:
wl~umjr..otJs pradxil,]1l;ui>,Ei p!a;EdlJ.!ili OlJtrLulate
of Ui.131 meft rltEr.>
nonl frOm I h.e·Fe:ii::lui.lnTI. The pro't!'!f:nT1I can
tt~
rei iI'Woer~ed
I ha il!xten~ liO '!.!lh~ o:mtamni'lt ion b~ liha
rormoo
by Ifroo1:ioMJCry.S!d!il.aiICi'i'i. rn"", lbe [~erePtoo ty Nf¥Q, Ca:l, or Sr. TItti remailir-g '1IVOM1d melt is"ooridhoo in ilhe ,compo!fl(!t!lS Inmmpalibli!! wFtli ~I'~oola!l!'; ~h!\ r.odes '!:f'~ talliZIKI from ruelll a moll o:lIJlti 00 ril!JrOllO",,·ed by 002, ~, Cs, 1Sa: U, Ift], an, <'rid ~i'i Ll Tho Cf1pldlilzalllo!11 'of ~, ~rf f;l~~~, !l'<g" ~fOO:n.inO!l~fie, ;l!em~i~me. !p!;! ~t!lit;Sl. • from .~ali!dfc melt&' oomm~nlJ" oonbolS. thel hiSh"fiitlld.
Slii'et>Jtll~ eI!er!~"t$. (e~,
\i!!aJlrocflsmas ocom~dUlling!he foflf!OIIi1;i1li of the I$ycg .• ~rm~,for ~.)i;ample·,. y' the mt!Ioie~; it!1 rneh ilMro~h UlE! b nel.wfirko] dliMnetS.·II1.r dfafIIM! m~lI. rf'[)~ il~ mmce [~. Ft.l4b. 1m' elarnpee) , MU!1H,:,emernvai'iation di<gf<rns ~n'i'E!' :!'D-CilII"1d "'!p:k:llergrams~} lin wh,ohri 1'19 pr-odms a-e oormtll· ~ to i -e !iiVtitlol cornpoa1 itili1 ~e ""900:i w.fzy 0'1~~!lina OOrmp;l~OtTI..'"voc~iiollSwtti ..rr i oo.tf:Qf !3l1!,ploo.
mmoo
(Hl~)
a'~
lRl.lco~!iTl~ 0Hl ~rrrf;l'
BEE oo,nle!i'!ts.,tll' dae:~li~6m1gmta~ ~ ~-
U!09 ro~ derirwd
Giet1 erall :set S·O'~sam p~1 s e

l
Ihl
rTIaIllIi n'!!iii9ii1i~i6e$,.p<J!"litlbt-v
[f Ilhe
firorn the
i!l1il2f!!C'llc. ~~
(Mlllt:r
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l1eDIDme iis. htlh.or

ihe ~~I'M'~!eQi Il\i'anl ihe 1'I!t3'·est,
if. t~.~ pJ'l;lpa~liOi'i! or. melt 'fra;1l.iGn 11188 oved kmg m rel~ed'lQ ils~I~, d'ffiilfmi'nng
S;p~ll!l9-lJ~.
W~k!!ftQ fMl.';W19~·. ~
~r;net9f"Si:ia'.e) disliWloe~, i~ is imllos;i::le to !be· 'taftain 1 hal f~~nl;(WI)"

mala!lQ,fDl'1iIll;i 00moF'!IOV8r~
8ea{1990!, 19OOa, b~ and Be~e! ~- (1004}"-9 Lmj:lOll<r1t r,ewUFOOI).lor tMtr~ efemem OQIi1!I;I!'l1!S.I;J' bo~h ~ry.W1d ~OF iP~ ~ we lure(U:1 lor lihose wlshiingl 10 m::lde'l P5lial·melliing m::I grySl:di!:tnil;lll PI'.I;)\;lB~ '0'1 eleme:n~:om"i~efWtr be fQ u~~o pr.:x9w8! a. wld% ~r'OCIFI oGfclhe :~A!I' points 1m!in!! l cc,rnpo51'iDniil ~ of pa6!i; !;i'E(lI'I'j'~,n moc: Wk .rnmposilio.na. H{)wever. in CfI5E!;"l'\l'.'tl,mii: the OOm:p.'l~lt[(ltli1 '01 the pr-010llth ardl I he, an<iec~[c m~ t are sil1i1ilar te.g., partlia! me~;iInIB oI9F<fl~le'. ":J<Q~~ ~ wma l~fII~'a:;;), wITTp:;Isil iona rn<f1!r.S C!II'1 be very ~aJ rni:l, ,oolOOeGue.-rily a:-e ..Iocy diffiool to ilLi;l.ftihi! d~<Iilmti~~.
CCllRbjll1~i~n",
5ho1Uid be in'i!eSI~ed, Tl1e ~sby
wJi;tj
~ing ooiioo
Wastl'ie prolcrtll lilt!'! h!1lmpo~lE!le" w.liicli j'ifeQ"l.IOO$ it. AlltrllJllh Hrcefoe~nell"~ :5eI:5'ol'S3mpieS Br,e not or sl:udioOS'of the IkjOOi; {llf I1'roblmilll oulDiood in too r;tfe'!OO~5 reQ.i:m, they are, if i!l.Iar~ mrrrnt:i~ 'of :illflp(es ere·
~n!lclgd. Ia~
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9)i;~i.lll9
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i[l Irn~TIg mi~iil$S; r~t eJ<3TIf.ll1es ~I"iis~~ow.:!ii w·ere !1r,ovlded Iby Suryet' {1!:J9.9, ,[If 1i1fi9); Sm~ eI rII .. (1~, Milord @t ~l. ;00101;S:illar Md Bt'OiNn {OOO'lj, \I~ ~ o;j, Foriilelli ~ ajl. ~'2:002}, mdl Gl!larni'MMd &:mycrr {:lCCl9}.
IJlIIVDa~~ U'a;l! O~r
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lI"e polfliruklrly
IIF5I:, MSfO· air (feCi + Mc;O)

to ex:mine ~Ii~
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u'OOlu'l .(FtJ! 8) .. U'le
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C'<¥l
be·
Matched trilph'l~ m1s o~ samples

dcrL'IrodhHIl it II[NC bU~r1 ~:om::ti::::;:JJ;Y roJnpi'Dd IJ'O mw-. 6!caI~ of !he k~!II'n f~bmttiD afllIOt19 Uile :;a:r~e~ th~ tlrp'1El~ ~~ q~ ~m.F,1~. Qilf.er W!~/l!IJ;! Q.F-f.lQ~tl.mlti~ te $1wy the det.als of Jj~eplu~. !Ih~ ,!)ool.m'edin mgmatUes. Tlhey ~ be U~ kit li'lilia!&oaJance I~ltniquee, ~ as.the i~n m~ nQdI of GlrM! (1965; bu •. see· fils;;! EbImgarl ner OJOCI Qlll!8fl ·1995}.IO' in'.'8S1ig;l8 w~1 her m8!l·
Strn,P:1e .~ sin ·v.'h'"t;;h p;:rliru'aT protolil h MdI the" initilfll' a anSl·ect m~11 (iIal.JIoo9)riI1Ia-) <ntlI r-e.sldlirUIlfI {ll1!elO¥1lCI!l:J,I[I''!e~
meftifl;l W!d1'lhe IJnrnixing of liI1e1! irom tliI~ reOOiJJm_ lh.e· ~rd, C;() or (Ca::J + Nap), i;'e1:;m Kp O.r SO;!" 16 IJ~!!!I Where pbjocit'al· is a ma;or riliSitluit:!Illms~; wirLh it, ~ne Ca'i ift~iga:"~l'Ie pruce::lSl!iS ~h~ oocumd durill!Q1 ~I'~ Q'yat~I~1g ii ,orr I:l'ie' ·~~ec!i;; me:~, ;u:Ih es fwa::t toll1il'il alr.'idllm:i~r~ if! wnklil an 'e.t1'ty. el!'ySI aJiI~ Inlneroj, t r,plC<ll\l ~kgQe!~; Pl.i!: 11 SOIlUjl ~ Kfe~. ,a:t:ul'!i!u~el;!·in'l;me' ~t Q,f .he ~~IJi, md ~lffi;l ronnpl~rnen;.!I' 'I' Iri:lC'lfo 11~edl me.li ICI")ls.aJli:res e'~'ll~e, rCumulaie· pIil9ocla:;;e: O)uldi be rej)~rrtsd by C.()ror
Ing oOd!JWr,ed 1111 an

or-lost
o,pem Ili' a €Io~
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and to c~lale
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,e'ther
the
1
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the 'litllLJlIlIe .EI'Id oomFJo:;iilon 01 i.lte· rrn~.eriell hd w:gsded, (9.9 .• OIOOl'lll!lt ,at ;200:ti),. ill'll d~rQQI 01 parli~ melt· Ilg I(f)lcan, a\o be wllil5t:r aned., a'd tine \la'iio1l.!9'O':l'Iloeptl.l!O!l
Ir;Dional!MI m8U: or aJmlJl~'8 !('1~3f,. 3ld 30 2 amid be used 10 Irepr'B~t Ilhs fi"a:;I.iDn<l:,ad tifislt. In otdar (10 inierprei t~ero.e:tl.er .EIJli:l! t r·~II~
8i
I<I~ 5e!. 01 general
ma.OOIs [ur
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me'ltirral
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"9'" fr.~iQn~ !ffi!;;jll dll~~llibrr.lJnm! !TI.'!,'l~irag, !;It"'~, ~ b~ i~, le:'!ted by I ryll~ III fepliitae I he mearuroo oornpoSi1:to!1s '01'
th
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00 enli-tien' el.IO U~ is quito MIJ'I!iilQf' pro!)'mn (~SQ!}IOOmJllant5 by foonhoitl'Uf <KI Lo;r;.d;lI!l 1~5}, ·end Qi1i$ tl<i,i~~¢i 111o ~P.'D Q,! tl'!!$ ~_ aillooLJq,l ee!ectil'!lJ distrbJtii:J'n,
wn'ttr
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sampes 'h'oO,m.<1 migmatileo tefraflfl ~€Ii':a.1y ~w III rompo~ioli'l ~, iiOlm:s r-ei"erm:::e polnt9. 01 trend!> lneed t.O 00 est~liJ1fuoo .. Iklflall~; thaoo ~Q tHw OOllllIJ)llMlims; of ~'hQ. ~~ Pf'CItolitlii and I.he an;:d:edit:; Illl!;!<!t {or mell ~ _If Iif,e oo!lllJO~:brl 01 Ihe me!'l: (~rom tile l·el.looSJme)is un~\liIlI· ;;bl'a, 1:1'IIen! wtiil~ oo,rrcposlion of ~I expet'rnmtaJ malt a. li,e., gli".S» is. ~!ie n~li;t ~ o~t!on. The c:li1ipom:iolneJ r:1Iogo o· felfic;Ji1<IoctiC liIlo,j~~ obt3inedfrom a !la-liwlar
«----------------------------1 rJMOUr:TIIOI\I ....
tw;e 0'1 i"Joio:'i~ h ~e.g, greyw~..e-, pel~'e,orr,e!ac1 in p(;!f~'iaJ"

m!illt~ngl8)!IP&I'lmems 10 kD.m iG,fa'i3t~~'1 plinases h~ ingl r~ron~·~ migR1i!es t:.&tilili'OOOSC SIlfIt'IIil (I~ and a Ipr8S&Jfes bel'ow 6il~g'; mrnDjo,[Civ!!!r~ly liill tn.a
{Fi~
B:c; QT) pa"~i<'!lliy O\!'efil<p thE;! OO!l1l(positfol11J !5e1::1 l~f ,e-xperilrr.emtal ~S ~ 'I)lnS'ra,ed from ,dehydration m8l1i~ {La., witoout FtplDOOd). l"or i!3Jlples [],f di~m:~tB mg.
Im<J.iles lifW<fi~l~ (f¢. ae-<)}" the ~~e""itl'lll1O~ awr'op~iale e):.L~rrn enJZII IH
OO!i1f!PO~ljQIf!O~ ,MaI~:it di:zp,pil<llw.
melts 5:.WI.5
,a'ner
'~he
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m.19It. P-'T~(rlp) «J:ndlti(Nl$ uLi1d~r w!Jk'tI tlte

I"riQIitil a koowloo9!'! oj the
rom.iX'sitr.:ms fr()~
l!Owe~ M~,
PCf'! i~ Iin~~il:lll wi.l:ho~1
P'
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iormedi, ~IIi1iEl~we'~ protQli:h in~QI\led (e.g. ~Ii~~, gr~~~, lma'ic, gtl!l:ilite, or tcm;S!i!e),.·ti~ wnIiFlO51 i()mCail b.3 ol:il:aliled' from tne Ili!era;~re willI WEi:t1 to deflmEra "fw.1:l ,of;:rJ;j:«1k mel't." niB' ,oolmpo:iitibr..:; of oo!lh rIO!1lLna !II1elt (!rorn ~eiJ~oome~ ;;n:! a~pefim~nt<!! melt 3;0 ~!Iwn in Fig! a fotr ,oompoY'ioolll, .A.1ltj(~'o~ Qf bro·
!!P1liI[!, er 't:ii<iOixIlO! Illilgl1i'l~lito:):,.tln:j' lio ~~ (aif
~p:iesol: oia!e.:~rteo w1th 'the' ~ r + M~}nl ii=eO 0,:;0 co nlerns" b!<t wil h Ih~ K.OalQ aO~ crmtenl~'Whr.:fu Ire'llil Hlli!irrpclfag'~C'iic w<l['a;::1HislJi(is·we!'e ~iali!l ~'aiecric melt.
We itln
tllllo~r'ooo OOtWOOCI molt ami pH)tollltlhcollllpog~bns ~~;~, ~~ .;;r~ ~QoI1!ti1ied di~,$I)1t!ij mtgnl'lti')~J thi:; trendl
'G&~li~:Qd, ~Ifua !mGlll.dw.~GCI Df f~till[Ddf;;~

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expeJl1mentaJ rre:!~'iieJid m~ .be "Imli;ji' me!ts" ,~_nr;j:;no~k:! bo flJrlfner investtg<tocl ~~Illg t~,r tr~e:lem~m.t (iIB'~ IRr£), Q:'l~t~nl~ th~ ~~E!$COi;:jld t~ i!.i~1 i!~ ~lrnit)J tihE! tr~·,~_rnen! ~~ot~risticc!;; of t~e- rr~!t" 'ThE'! koI.lQ;I· OOIllii: OOlllllpo~tr>:l.ns trorn ~~alJex Ite llri{J11al nes d'e!i'...ed rrom miOliQ: prQl~OIIIM (1Fig$..E:I~,1;} plO;I 6(1;;e1' 1:0 ~~Rerr,lt1e111tal Iil~· ~W~ Ikt. Wefe gen.er<ied Iby H~O.~~ pa"li1li m!IJJlt~ngl, tl'1anl~o ~.be·gI~ (D) Qb~aJl'led:IrOIll! ~p!;lrl· mentgwi:thl 00' ~Ooode.:jJ. This m~ 111M;:mthro: rnel1:iig in
tlh!!.!Oe mlgmlll i~es.Wa:;, itll<l:it IHl20 ~1'1lJ~8d. Ll!Ua'looml! OOnl!'
Iby ilheir po~t~m,
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on time Oppodti€l ide
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11~~i!I1!O!
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ltr1m~o:n!tit B. too~ilk:
M~} 'II'«S!.!S. md (tj Ca:) \lefa.'S S10~ for mign:s:l:I!,es III'Cm the Grmvfll e- Fr<llitt SiQo~ 111r !:ia~,"C." 1"8-:10 kba', IlnvdJ"'ii ng HUlltf·!;I[tidiJI\m1 o1llOnntil~ ald:fh:e 1!.Xi"
c~
;;J"!dl,,~oo!m'bine;I wi~h min!il'~1 '~Ions ~deiiefmined bj' ~ectlr'O!lii'llli!iClq;)fatle an:!lly~~, Ylhidi! mll' ~®.1ail a tlh~' t~r;rn or tlh'!!i tJtiNI (me ta:.t 1Citi'~ult~,n' ,e:.:plan:;;jlon)" &illdl at"fCIW:S lP~taJrn to' rrl!r.er<ils~!olm9In9 to' tlh.l!· n::;Iduljlil'~ Mdl <II'~ dt<YM"i f~i<i! ~j'l91Q!J! jinNl:!'~r~~~~ iv~ oomp;,!~ti9(l gi tlhelpr,~.g~i~h. T ~c~;o, ~t~ ru~l> li1IGl~~"'tlh~'OO:!1'fG~t ig:!'I ~rt~~ mifj,..." ;aI~1h€ierr.t,~~ i2l'.d from lila 'El.mdedlc, mell" Mdl~ 1l!eY ~edmll'nl from a r'o:pre3lll'ltaJ i';llft ~niitiai ·oo~~ iOr! of tlhe m~ect ie
m~1 ,uhe p;$t 100$ ,(:f OWlI<l!JJtllc II'f',EU
~it9,andJ
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201 'IDia1~.'IlW fl]ig:IllL'I~i!.!!'5,
;;a 1~, '0 .'U1Mt;; l!J1l!:1!l1~r~I1a~1 '.. !' •. ~1iG

'(;!fillt~
SibM\;l!" pelitiC. protod:lh
I~~~a~i~ ~milIiL'9s;
St M~I~ pe1tcc p!f01ol!!IrI
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'6~
Pf'o,o'litlh tOJ thO' mOrni1t 'O~Dllr<l1lQ. uhQ oriorn;liliolil of tin» Illnd~·lf~i.Jll.!fT1 C~~ i$ rolilt~[J,IIWI by whIch l]Iiiim,IJIT ..:i:; ;'Ire~ndami: in ~~, readmmn, <!.!1ldinis is .;1 rL1nC~!'O n o~ bo~il'i th& 00 rrnposi!liC>fil ! tile i¥Au~~li!h .:Jlld tfl.e pt1!J:nJt!'ia ta~ a]IJr>E! oildi~lkln:;;, a'l wnidl lparti;;!] rrt>E!lE~ng o tQ(J~ ~~" A set ,of 1;I9Ctolr,s ,<did <l'fOWS)' ,can, G drown 1m Q~ prob tomti1IXl'il!lPO~liQ!li ~Q ~h fe~<;!j i11i~r;!l;!,~ ~g,f}:o ~~uJj~ Q;l~Il~ iiitl,lM r:esi~i.!m CQ'lirlposil icm derlilo'edl from tlniIl. ptmidlitnl, R:i,~ Iln~~!j oI't:!~lt)'i R~ 8 'O'fi!y ~DW~ tf!il vec~Ors~O U1E!' ~~l!i!a1 miner<i>!rom, oflEl WPical 1P.ro~'O!1~lh co.mp::lEilikm. nf!~ip ,of the> <'I1mw rests en too mitl6rai r:Drnfipoilitlolfl,; if 1119mlfl1l@l'a:l o;;ofii'lpo$i1.iCl~Is nO~,aJII1! .. row t'E!.g, ~. 1i:~c';Il;f ttla p~t)" no·w~r. t~en t!fJ~ ~tO"'" il;:!~eletl "~or Tile melaJ1oQ"atic p;gI'l~01 ~.he rllli!gll'iliite detti,vedlrr,olml~ m~tam.M;: PrQW~lh @wn .) F:'r;:Is' ~ ~ .I) are d~lateJ III pI~l;lcl~, but i¥"'l; enriched ing:;nlot Wld dk:ip~1 rc!jiil!e to tine proto~tlil., wh1di1 is, oo'nsi~:e.l1Jto'I'i~:h res'i:liJj] 0 riJ;iln. l laJ Tbe ~rg liiihf~d fu:r ~he&!im·M~ !11I.!gm~itasi~ e!O~e' in :iidir&:;~licm ,~(i,xil1l1i2ll:&'Iy &:l.ng ~.1ilI€: ll111iuoctW,l!e'ie01il:1r, bUit tln~ ~~of fesi:i,nJIIl1 ~roml SaJn',-MaJo< lnll(lw tile- biolfita' tirellld ,tAgs. i@.i,I), because (ljla'ex~5 r'~ted 1mm~he 1b;re;i1;c db:wliI C!~ ffiw;::o:wfli3', andll:t~i1e re:Jlmaill.ma Sl!abl'e m~hli~al.
iHGiiIiIO\i'Or,ltm' rcsdtruJJiflI tnmd ~or oia.ita d!lh~~<1liQ,n. flitol~· lirM31!ll!..!sItil) in Mlildirwt ~r! <::]1 Qillh£!r tlh~ ,or !litopyrO);Otl!l" wrdie.~l;e, Or 9'M"net veciO:r's, pl~!i~ ~c!ase •. 'quW'~z~ and
IK"f1!JId~, qlJilrtz, if they 3'~ j)l'1¥..enL FOr e:K~II" rorflOOsH~n$
~~<uc.C!~ +-
on 11C1pyrO;':i9n.;l
tl18
,e~rn
;t,;
:t b~U~a
~brllhe 'Sf<llillllite.;f<l:i9i1> mi£l1ilk1ti~IBS tllle.A sIn~lli lin &!~prQ'\iinGe iliE! lbet'W~ Ih~or~M'P:\!T,o:<enE!' .~ pf,~. ~. VEdIO~S '!:Ill' H~.~ ala .1iI. Oriho~;lllen£l-tr~ lr~d!.lol et1Ili rolfmoonl~ lei! Cli£iln!iJiikn~1 1~i),1fi rolfd;crf1i~" .~d i garlfiel-~tOi. Jllffi O ~ tne p~momh ~uelCi is well ddined, i!i1 o!D:fitioll I't! UTIlepe.sitiofjjo~ HIe ~eOOiJUrr~ l'I'l:eU.~'eIa!fi~'e~I(I tile plO~olith! a:ld ~h;mQ;F.t)I- '(lr olored~~{.te!i!'il bet!~kJr o;rI !:Jao iid~f)mied, ,Md thls is p~~JwtW"i~'l\,!~! iJ! irrt!i!rj[lfming th~ p~lXle~ U;l,;'jJ oa:urr,Bd 1!11ln!i;tfl!1la:~Et& '~~flS o! IlflOfDllil.B (!lfJ., 'tile' IUITiSBgfagatEid rtElti3:l.rrtB' a:1'I Hgst. ,s,ilI aICI b,. iII'ldi 'th pBl:ch metalexite en RQ5< iefj! ald f) Itfut plQlt wilthlin lhefle!d of H~r ~~et:;~i'o'e; p~Qtoli[M mOIl ~. (c'r!m:ed lin.acb~1 ~ ~.emflI. ~1d1ere !I1O$i. p;rob~iy ~l1Je\l'ded if! £itu.: Whidill ~lJJd
lbe
~la~mined hyfie'ld rrm ,~l'J!r~. thi!! di~~ih;!'
Qb~rwltionOil~lh'l;l
~Jmao~ ~lng,
1m!9m~iI;~ in iR'!g!iI,
a:e ~
~ defi~~,
.JL!lI~1::!J
---------------47
I~
rM
.d~ekH hal 1:0. li¥'9f't thm H~ oft Ih:ep!'l1)'LiOl~!il, fa' <lleai:ure th3l1i1'Wj" im.dm8 openi"S)'stem l:ieh~:Or,. ~ lpart~'Ia', ~lIiI1e Df thE! dca'ElociLe :sarnplB!i. kil 'QtiL!Id'etlhe pr,Mollltlfi <n::llin, p ,oroo:ze, '~otre !leti!1 o~ malebtiC ~e!l. wh~leas ,otMr5 pial b!a'iO no IhJ9 Pfc.toli~hon ~:h,Q a:de 'O~GtIl tlhal .o:fJ ~ ha an.;t~Ec melt; ~he~ ~w¢,~I,JP$ 0:1' d'i.;!!~~it!;l ~pl~, ale ~~erpreted ~itl~~ g:;jned meM (i,ec.,tlhe)" ale me!t·:r,lc'hd~ t!fi(i~~} .1lJld to In,,",-i!-lloSl.fflclt {in,. thO)! me fMlaUiIltfl·rim I oi<tJ:exit,es)" f~I:i~, In W!la'F,asI, tl'e OOJetl' mel,('t)e.;(~.~ <U'ldl mrrI!B 00:1 tl1e d<1lilexlte 11Ii'gn"i1~, iro~ th8 ,~'itiI.EI m~i11at~te~err~ {~ Se, t~ L:1IO,1 wi!lhin ,tl1~ PFQ~loli1.n fiidJtI ~"dl c:;m,lhorefor!!'!1 00 immpmtool ~i.'l Ilaro [:1jQjiihor to!Ot. nor '~Il~I, ~'[)Ci~~ iI!il:llI!, I:r;:., to ~ ',or!illl~ in a d!l~~em,
'Ihe IPQ~iQIli Q~ rm1g!:l1:iit~ ~p!~, re!;i;i!ve to HIll- r~~l,Im. protolitlh, .<f'id rrilt:U.'H~~ ha:; 11m been ~ 10 lden~I~y ~pi~~I~~~~r""OO (~~ ~~ :;!,~~) Qr ~!l~1 '(;i~~wi~
{ljldl
~.
!'e!JOO:!O:I
me fe9'. 1i1~ :ad-l), and diFiexil,e mi6mOll:i~es
a.Q~I) nillle ~rnpo9ticn~ oolflfistemt willi! c~31'iza., I lon f,fe m II fir.lDtiorniIliOO, Im!ll!L R~lU! ,8 !lM:liI'Li~ 'lila: Into!;! of ~R~
~he ffil_aIIlell:O.)C!a!:;;;~ein5 ordike3 iI"Jlij~:eI oodf;e~Qr ,zm~eatkl ,srCfllte lhat 'are' :011 OOmlltlOn, oil houtJllnot n~s::a:'ity ~lJndaJ\!t, ~!i!1pORet1It 0: m~~e te!Tr~ ~ (Xjrn" pO!i1iI·iOns~di'c;l:t~n!J~:at they ay-:lta1lized Irom ;an e\o\O I\led l h <ZiID1!c'Cl.icm~IL
7.,
IMIIGMATITE-1IIK1E IFOCKS
M~i!~!OI1e if:ro~ by ~U~ melting".:!i!Q~!i1iSi$ ~~ I h~ Ih<M!itllti'lplex :'iiiri[:ltitut~gndl :::.I.tlkl~'JIpea:<IiI~.1ina ~~.ecllc moe!1h.1!IO <l, bWer v.~5ity tif!~ no,nme'JI:ed ~od<_, ~dI tli'i~ &n~Q~ Ih~ rn;])11 t0J:89i'09'iD Il'c'ril ilG roodJiju«i O!!id to o;JUact il1J 1c)'!'i'"pr~09 .~e1; d:!ri!ig ,dero~liIr1~lbn.iI'lnl$
~171likm O"eili~·~ he ~!jrt.;;l;)b:re~ (reuOiJ~ liTle) ald
.~':rer
:aoOO}
boy IletJCOCfat[~
li:lIelt. II
pmil:bn!o,
thao ~(hwlM1dti9d SdlHi! tm:a m19I~-p~,(l~Q iittiLie"llrua roUkl illdb.;l!~ thit thE;! ~j~!i~ :rng[1j",,~ I!dr.:;r;tioli!<!!eod 'O!iilet. The ll']!io!.!5
tiOI1l<i[
d:rt.;.
W1d ~rw can ;;1J9j bii! ~1lWSI~;ed 'olillh~ dil:gJMl~ $:J'liTle trenc~or ¥ectg[~ u!l8'l'u1iin idewAit.'I'11lIQ p"o~:;~!1 ,;1'0 ..... 111 a,-;, dened~ro\'js emiuidinglronm <'I.~ ·I~i ilil~~ti!OtJ itIf'Osit Ion .c.f .iitI& , testie me'l! ilil ~ 6; ltmllk:li 001:lbeRlrQ.'lHen that :~milst 1;,'e:::tors~plit ·ki·r all ·t he 'OOtmpC',::iI~,ns, 01 d1<te!db m~t U~flgtlh ....lIiI1 tt~F,)rot~~th~rw.idyu~ t!I;l·«ine ~ ~ J'~~ellCe', e me},derlo.!ed ~s, ~ ~·dra!ex~te mgmalilesam:l ~etIl!Q,J, iDti'ia, 'Iihtil.lh~ bao:JffI'Ie mntffi'ill'ialOO Ib)o'1Ii!'!olf1asldulJi'J'iI" Of pefntt:p9lttJy I~'uio:llltlf r~dl!(j p~s, Cffi t:e ai9li!IL\lJi5hOO by .<1 U8fI!d (C.AM) ~'owar(jlth9 reidootn, 09 1!1 , in F~ 8.., b,
aa, o(l!Jln~mlil1m1iolll
pro~ruGtil
o:¥St;gfi'l:3l:~:n' nil";;i'i'~t
the
~ecllk;
liliIalJ;
lIiIigmalfiles. Thtl din~~11~ In, the ~lf~I()Fl' gl ~;~trrolrn' Pc~ t", pl~ liiI a ml(rn,",~!e' rillrults ~n it wide J'::¥1QI!I' ilm rodlt; slirength '~olr oonJ;pel:elliC'/}, Cc l'l$l'i!qiJ9111tIy, rni)J1l1latll'!ffl; 9ir;m'i'n llla!~\C1ler.eo~ d ~d ~kJ;p ~!TIflI!!.:< !'!¥lllpho,loge::, ~ ~C!""n, Jl! th~ iI~~ !rakmsaol thl::i book, The pr~.no::e o~ the ~~:ed !et,.wcf.OII!k; dot'lf'l;llt1$ln ~tl.a' dOl'loier, lmor!;il m,..kcll;xlkil19 !l~$I; ~Uflts f;I:iof 'the elymcll6gie&l rcMt Q,f m~il,e. II1I'e!!iIlIn~ "miocad lrodo:.~ Hcrwl3iVef, I.lmar,e ilI"e P~[]'D2!':!BS OIrlfle:rllhM ~ll!]j mell ng roc:l\i!l[1illt ~ I~·ooiored paid~ lif¥ers, .<nd '!leins ~nla.,da'iker oost .md oo,mplB~ I1I'1C!rpt.o!lfI;giss, Om~·i':; ~~Ik!'~? ~~j:;t,[lo ifl' w~i~ thl;l IT!~bi!~ f,~" al-if fels!!::)oom,[Xllnen1:s ~.r,e~~31erll ~rom tli1e lees ffi()biie' ~gan.e.raJlyIin~[o} c,MS ~n,a t-o&, 3:I.d1 ~.otl':!ar i~ U~ In~rol'l 01 veil";s ·CI~ 1e.l5ic m~a in~o' a. n05l. OfMOlha-oompo.5i· ~bnl'lS. owns ~ ~octo:n~ O plUlOJinS <ftl:Ilvo.in:OOliTlfll'(lX~ U"'t;i'~~~I1~~y,~I!fl~ ~~Q'~ Ih~ fq~ 9'nlr't;ol11 ~11tt "m!1l:"m 1[001,· ~ett ,O!F!)jlt·~b:[W 'l1eins iif} f,I d;;.-ker MtI: 1 wr.ei'l ~~ng: 'thi' r,Dd<!; ml;TnaJ!ilas rili!her th~ mn:3der ~he Qtli:Br requirenti~llt5, Ithai. m:gnall~tessr'B' proouteO lby parti<tl II11I1~ing end arQ,~ he.reforll, ~'olJn.a,(ol1l!!f} in m£!d;Ufml" ~ h~"gr~~ 1i1n!ilt~rplli~~~~Cgn~~.lf,~'~ rCcK'ii 11:1= be-!m dlle::ll rni~i~e' tlh;;t ;)f,e nc~;. Therel;~re, ~,01I1illd lu, Ulie ~erJliHealronD! 1t'l1gn<1lill!~ rurn!!; rn HH!· rocks ~nal, ~e oommot;j!)' m5!i~"k;'fl lOr rnfiJ!l!lai!t~ :<flo oome '!>ritel'lll by w:hKlh they em b6 'a9 ingJi:1lCld from Lmig. malilet;, <!to!!! de!;O'~ rf~ ~~'is~ltQ n. ~~Ip~ Qf r,~::k$ th~ ca1! be Itrli~~effI br i'!ii~~it~~e rlu5!ir~Ed ill)~· Ib.n: oJ ,of ~I~eoook.
colOred {~eSduulm) patno~
~ha;tCEIll pro~
0!tId1g.
cllthe fi~51: mirnerai5 to 'I;;r';(S!;,1itlire Wu[iid;ll1tlt'!'irolli1l ag<ltlitie, m~.m;l" ,urnd fig. a ronrt;ins i3i 'l111Ctor nr"Jin Ute o::Jmp;;<5it~nl)~-a repre~.nt,,,,iw met!: to. ~Ble, Ipl"" gim:ll~ ~h.1i,C!'"~gt:;jJize:j1 nt. Smpl'rsll"cl') !ii .~'ng ~his from trena fAP,f I'I'I"! ri8,pf~ ~rr!jjjl2ibns 01 pl<ljodlltl!!L Nlcte tW!1:~;~ ~C!~ I!IIttl!e Ire~ti!lJJm am In-e OJ!T!U~o' pf<1.;[~!a!;o unUw maJ~·dorivad recksdo OO~, gonaordJl." h~U~e '~o:llco,rnpCl$l~,iOfl1I,MafiI1 o~ H~ dCl~$ of ~eu" CO<S!;lme; {Rgi a,d, IbY' ~e Mo 1Fig>:. 5 ':1!i1d 'S.} ~ d'~e:;;i~e m:grn'ill~tes {!F:gs, B{,F/) ft'I miglmlfl~e ~eIi!~<1:'e a:rulilula. tlOlill.·Olr pIO(liOCI;l$~I1~ ,(iII~~alii~ ~~,om~h're' M;>!~tig mel!. I. tlht! ,,~~ocl~!h~ C!'~~ljored fir~ is ~~~, A~·klclase isone
ttJ..en.
the relnaini~ nilclt 1'iJ<!s.:a niIG~e e:'!'Ol!ied, 'Or ~'r~ io!i1ah~d, bulkCl!:'l!mposition r~lm:iVOltJ'tti;tt ,ot tM' ililiti::!!mo'Jt. ~cI;.~ thott Cii':fSIaJli~ ~nOl~~.tv:ed Imil:s .~:;:.t!I\P1:3ty !!'llillcl,1td ., j{·feld!pClf .r.jl qu'~tz, iIOOllie oong a~r::d~n"eo li1lIel~ trend {IFM,} th~ tJe5 betw·eenl the~ IVIIO'mim.erais. in oolfil1le
48
~~~~~~~~~~~~~IN_l_M_'
_O_'IU_L:_T_IIO_III
7.11
Fbtii!1 '1~~79~ de<re£'Opedi a mc>del for ai~IXlus ~eg.r ~iol!l biir,\fQB1'll I~s 01' ,dilr;8r8Jli ra'lio ,01' I'1'1k.:l lID, q,U~I'Z" ,ilnclooll1oEl' fill ,dWf.eifli'!.rn ttiii1iipi3leiUf or \~BXI!ilf' ThE! fIOCi C!81 ts ,eql!iWJler1, 'iO <'i 5eqI!lern:e ttmta!iling bedS '01 dillerM e~ llimlorph fc: diiiflill!renrUa~ ion [~; Illill' gener,aI tit.t1m, iW,t ,QIlrt modal rmi~aJogij\, D!JI iJl19 dliKt;lrl1lllwion, dille1Ii'FiOa'G in ~lltC ~o ~ 9r~a 01'metii!.1'!"ilOnp1,rWi, lised to da~~' Imea"! ;5l:lreS$i3S between r¥~$ ~ 'up, gr<!diS'f1!siii ,cl'temi~ the rncvement Ilf ma:eri.-l in 11 rQCik (im[~ met;-rnc,rptli~; !Ihe pro~s:s" or PIIOi:i!:~ ~wlterdl't u'ti!i ~n<1:eFriai mac I·, lp!Jtefll:a, whidl ,dri1.'eUre Imovement ol!:!lie more "mtlbile" III rm~.'~rial {q.itrtz ,Bnd Ifeh1:p'1ij' to tlh" IfIlOS'! ,rom,PMiCtlil.lUI" l!zed Is nO' ~1I~. fO" Ho ImCl~st (1000) and l~iiO! 'eti'S (rrlre$l in ~rong minaras. e(l", Q,lI"',;: ana r.eld~)" in (1i002). mel:lmGIphic; diietronl.irnioll was mrormplimed I~ [:ni!ial ool'l!lr~:s in GOmpe~ b\I' 'ahe movemellt 01 ~acl'ic 1iI~1 III high·wa:je roCks, a process l,ht1l ~rllU3G'.a I.~ inheriied Iromsediiii'ieili.<!fY depc 5ili:on (S,wJyef and wb6ir,eas, Turner 1[194,; )<lrgulld thii in bW'g,<d:e dl:'Ir;I" Fbbin 006). ribl' a:hi:;! S, HI was- a:t:.itM:id by Ur.8 fIlillWlfIer11 cif 1iI<i:i!r'laJ tlhrCll9l ~ irrItergMY!<ll Pblre~flui;iSllJbGOndl[!~ ~gri!g .. • fioln, 'or suli:l;Stl,lid IiIS di1fel~errn~ lat~;on, ref'fFS, ~~ilic3lIy ro irb€l'9i'ail!l Mti Ur,~1I:JtWiilID.del~ mow IIM~ ,llIdrivirrg ior-ce for
Reeks fo:n,ned l'))r subsoJidus segreg;diiollJ.
tlhe PliCl'ii'ef'fI'<'FIl o~ lfI~ef[a In moe~oroor~
1\0ck;s b~ Pf'Q!"
~'lulloll
,ii!.f'e
~l
mOi/ei1l1~t oOl~ ~er~r.jl
e-xl$ll'$
~'ihe
g'alFlS
oos;e;loot in~wing;illp~F!'ti'd m~t.

Manllf irl'ile!it~OIF5i{e.g. ~,1::I1009. Ifbbin TilJr'IJIeI'~941, Rtulbel"'g r'~~
1;11
1952, IN [lfICllllSlI9j':2,
~ci<J:I:!;;I!iI
1'979,) 11a.te oot9d IhEl db9l!

!li!1J,!~Q'rP1tc
in
IQW'gf,~1;I
!!gilt·
oolbredl (JJWi:Nlch ,~egallfon5, with da'"k.·co,loredl, m[ea.rid"! btrids. V!lt'~1J~ I'!III in:v"Mi1.1gt'diors, !'M\'1 tli'rltll. pl:fi~ 9libSfiliduS ~f~iOPll5:g-ew dwim) perredMl' penetrBiive' d'~cmnaH(i1ii(eg.; Ba'ir 1005; Mctella'u 1983" 1004 l009i Smyer .~ ~l!i.rI ~'ge6-), w6li.t! wgge~s ~,~~hey 're~t Frollll a, ~r.,ass.dr'i\'iMI pheoo rnenen
d~hmi'nli;;j!~r~ 1b!!J~ there ,~,e ci[anml of 'lfii!l1l~n by whliil l~~ "mobi'le" rrt<i!I[:!r~ ~ I1!"IQ'o'e! trom ~tes 01 h~ 19 Ibw '~r~ (Wallhe.r Wid W,OOO 1999). F.rom ooweti: tIl) 'f!S!.,esi, these ft'e ,(1) ,diffu· $lOll IhrQug'11 minar<li!7,aflS;, (2), d!!'I!,.JI!jotl ao~l dry grail bo:uOO';willi!;i, t3) difl'lrion tlm;l.u9ll ~lllk!id film .aklp;) a gri:in loo:undlariy, I:,q ::nkli li:m il'l; 0iIfId difftJ:s.on t IlrotQ1; 11 51:i!lIi ~ Ipgre-fllJ~, mcl {5J~~~)i'i int{l ~ !ill~",rgr;;rr1Mr pQre-ltl.lici I.M!. is .~''!leCI i~,
t'D
!1Jb~ Im~anilsmll
7.2 1\'I€ldeIsfor
the process of SUbSDlidu:ssegregation
TMii'i!I h<tl!~hmi!ln mt!lio/ irliC:;Ii~loli'l;S.,(e.g .• 8rOmglird lsn; 1F\J!ier 1~~; Aotiil 1916.1919'; f\l~'chef 1'002:; '\>iang'~f Moren 1005; W heelE!f 1007) o~ .~ r~lirrlti;ed e'liemieal tlran\'le~ 1~ ajdre\';S Um, lmldl·<fli~ O~ 9JbOO,IIduS ~em Ilkm in f,~do:.a~ fu!lli!e' in~~~r~Oilnwer gran ~~et;l o~ ORe mln:erfi ~!;ieies, wlhereas ethers ctl,n~:d'er I~rs of din~en! ooIT1lJXl!itibnl'l..
lin .~ ~eo,pI(!, 'O~9r~!'1$ ~bj~ iI dWt,E)1fenliai ""Ir~ these dirrer,erIte~ uri, stress exi1si !'mt1;l ,grain il1ieil'r~
boo."'llOO'
IMbd'~s hiM! aI:n ~ d8>V8l:opeEl:olr' ti'18 'fo rmalDFlI cl' f ilJbeDlidLiS. ~rega:1ibm~ Ililiide.r [D.t'Klil'iillms 01 in.)!iii'CISl~ it: ~tr'll9S I[e.g". Fi5he1l 1913, 19'719; .be.!iletrl 19ij') to des::riibfl' lIB, dilfuskm·ro ntro ~~ gr,olfllthl 01 Ire<diOI'l'lrdm IfIicrClSlrr» lures,~ I[~e growth gf wncrt;!'!io~ The d'rMngll'or~ lin dleSe loo,b;;riil: and IIDlttermai lITI.odels are .he ,dhemical lpoo~.ilfltitll grdan1s t>Bal!lrli~ irCJm am~I·5Calil Virrtibii~iii 1.00' Irliliefal ~rrtbl~
7.,3 P-T
ccmctitiuns at, w!bleb swbsoUdus segn:gatioll oeears
,01' too YilI'iatb n, in tillS! 0 ti~i!;h,'IJ iOon 01 ~ha, g:a'ri bolUr'id¥ie~ F'~ ive I'Cl Uw Primi~ dinectkllii cf wmprw-
sive stress. :~
gridiants I~
1o~",,·oEtflas:;
varlatlon ,~;tJIi!hQG chemica' pO!i;lflllaJ dfive the, ·d~Mlic,n" QI' ·wlublt;!" moterial
from the p;l~nus-Df hijllesl: SI:ress,!J1d: hs movemeni jjO the
ifllerr.£D!la, wi'ialfl!! il "'pr,aot~l~ ~~ ~ I~tds te tiMe gOIliUi 01 a new miltera er miJ"lerSjs;. I'm prJJI~Ii'i.mel"<tic rodoi.s:, q,1J<E'·~2', ttw f.e~:;;J 0lIlIJ C3oon.h ..... EI ~azy mOriii ,9j~~~' 'I,g' ~!"~i!1d~1 cIlemIcEillr,O!li~~, ..,q henre :M~ more "m::Ib4J;t" O~ "!I:1illlii'b'Ie-,"t hm ihe' rriq~ i¥nJI~I~ibi:i'lo!a,~1 ~ry pt1t'1t11is,. "'~II~ie'h tf~ r~~
as"itiS'JW~,,'
9Jbwlt::lus ~agallic'ns folrm d low rmeti'!.llili:!'J"phc ga:les ,and are ,oorl1llilOlI'l,\i'·spousd 'Im![1llmeta!l8dln'llll!rll.ID'y Irod.k!i r lin g,8QlilSdiJiSl-f.iD~ lni:i3t8Jtli'lrpiitlr: tat1l',0U1B:!1 ('8'-9. liurner 1i94l1. Vidale ';974; ,S't!r.I:;er ami Fbttn '~ge~}.ihe ooooir !lon~ 01 m~ii'iVi.Im g:;rje 011iT!et~f~ism ~ whi:;h I,lie~ lorm ,lirie v/el oonsh",rte<:I in 5e11er',aI 'e90Ji1fJ'mel 81'1101" r Iph~ I'e~~. vile- StIbro!lldYs sagf~:!(Jns It.... gVQ ('I${Ito ~r"Olrn~iC, mi~i'e.likl;l' ~hilil~ ifil Q;lntF~ M~~t!!l lormedl ,;;j, l,eJl'lPefal!Jr~, be!weell 500' and 62:!l,"C (Trr~1I tOO5)., [m oonheastEil'ln 8:01 iMr:I"lliJe 1'I[~erti1'a:le aJbg:)ll~ dw. ~El9al:iom(lwJ"1' il€tWeffi the kyarrit'e .;oo1,siiliIil1lWlile' lioogr.1d's;, 'willi&! mrl'{!~'nds tG' tennp!If;!]:uroo OOl.~'~OOIl 550 iOfld l$(liJI"C aildl (I rx~~~l;I"f I;i I~ (~11iJji1 l[l;ll[;l-~;:
ISi;!JT ~f005) e~ il'miled I'h<l the ternpefll(ures
\ve!'il" a Uil-
1.111IIfgl1«,,58(}-640
"C; bul ,stoll'sub9:llidlllh.
III the. Q u9'llioo

'3.J_b$)IidUlS~e-
SJbpt'OVinoe of Camda, 'Ille 1i~5t-9r,od'9

ga!ii01m: ICl mOO in Ir,odit'SHl~ re:d"loo
t9'1I1IperaIJF9$
ob,oo
to
.JL!lI~1::!J
---------------49
I~
rM
650"0 andl pr:eer;ureso!'3-4kb~(SMoyar ~ Fbbilil ~OOQh Wf'l' ,di:,~ TIO whilfli tllii~ Un;t 9.:3ter&4, m~!id:k: nJiiOWIffl18 SlilflG ~0'fiP~ lili'l!ffiElI<pB~I&: fodks. B'omrn (1'd88)' !;1100ed nilhioo~i~e- eaI grruluIH""-laiie5l!OCk.5 i!fl !1_r(!a!1CI, and !ouoo that Ih;epro~s"f aJbrojidwsI,~eg:ttb,nl op.9raioo only ., t~,~pkoo~I~IO!C·$iipO(~ oft,Iite' ~~If!S i1fie'!_g,~Ip'hiG histor:y. between 5iOOI~d 640"0 (:;t' ~l.l!t S l~b3f);,~ve the 8Ilp~'loom~f;a::i"s, tll~ wet'"'I!I :!;implyhej;e:J i!.IPHl otx.ut aOOl"C ':l!ii~ti~tJt ooy !1!tHHirOi'~'1 h.
Tho m<JOOlmllr:Ill
J~,ians
lm]:iporJt~m;m JI: 'wl1!iChruboolK:luls 0CIi)' ~~ tlil~ pr'Dr.tJ~Or ;!LIboo,liIb>~gfl~iDlfiI ~paralG:>,!illa forl]ill~ IJ~' 't!'nfLlao"·oo~~ollGd p!iJ~ lin kQffillh~·immo!tiii .... mi!;~, it ' '" ~N;Mil:,;;!ti¢ ~I'= ~~~e ;¥~ 11'!(li~If§, Well WIl:;;I;r,~!il!\!d. "!1!10bi!'~' ql!J~!1.1f1d fgi;j~~ TrurnbtJlIl (1geS,} ~llIp')r~ed th:j: ~13l11 ~a'1I, ~lid!Jl: CJI produce lrodffi tillat fe-rembl\<!mt;llmiitJ!:'1:i FurHlif:i'mor'EI'i ;,lJ!Q;I :9!ib·:1Q,1k!11S ---egaio~ ~ !h~ k:orr~ .O!l. I~et' Irn~'~ ~~..1!io~ InJ bl!)t~;E!,~ bio<li!e + rt){)r!'!bJl~e(71!ei~ fuirlillf:ld a .:J. t,ernpim!l~~r,a be~w!j~!1I 160()' ,:;I[].;:I7QO"C. Lindh m~rpt;il;; '9f~ l;;re' cemmo n]::rpr!j~rV!!d i(:lIM' p;lIE1Q~'me' d ,<it ('100<l~' fe,p.jlr I,a:! ~empt::f;j;tml:S o~ l)OO'-OO{)I"C[IDr P<llfts'of Rillgrmllil~S, il. 1Is cl~~~ ,deS~<bI~ U1d U~IktJ.s ~r~.I~~; 00 dl~irgJ'ri#1~ frQm l!fi~~m~ lill' iiPllg:-l'!1~ l1ilii;i!;;$! tQ~~~, ~w;m •• (jir~I'!-'OOfiltf9~~~~~~ ~i~e.. In~he llexlf.ect~·Il, ~ 0uililll€l .~ pl'inc'PdI fedlllr~ of he ~b'!Jm~i> m!im1o m.·thot ,~notlIEi this,to bEl dona.
easily s;:i!fe¢ted. Tlire, pr·oceS5 of !;I,;bm[dy~ ~r~io!l m~ Ino: Cfj~. t:u ii~ Is ~!n-P\!':0(1 :;:j'ow 1.10 oonlribute t,(I ~ha pBllf(],IClgi:JaJdl~:; IItl! ocwrr oliioo' mettifllg :!jJarl!i.. fQ$iO!~.~b3JUdllG.~ega:!i.)r! OOiJlt! QOO.!r in these !a;fet$ nol llInOOrgJing ~'lliaJ 1119Iting.,~I if tih~ leyers bQOl'in9 I !luilJ4~t Ib~!O(j of li1I1elt~ !1e~b!f, t~~ltO!!1~o['t in ~hem will It:<egem I~ rn~_il:m~, and QJ'Hy s.ilO r"t·lrqE'i df1Stl· ~m·i~ W1lf~.io~~ 01 the~¥pc d'~iOcd !by Fi1'.cr ~lS'lJ, ~9{6~' a!I!d Thnni;lJ!1 (11968) nlll! olleJ:<I e. p~i(!g ~I, ::c;j~Medlleo:Ii:I'C1;j ic p'.lches~ ladnIlCk:!li
7.4 The, Nlationshiplbetw(':CR

subsal,idus segregat.ion and nlignmUtes
5ltmiidlS Alii ~hl! daJ a iPl1i!:nnt~ <N".:IImI.!l iIi'ld~.i!'
7.5 Slmdl-,s:cale fe.af-ures of

I.It1 str!!!Ddt11'iiBFI
subsolidllls se:grrega~i0:1l:S
~. b,gsic:~y~ol 1t]}em<ilS!nJc~~re ti1<lJ~ beer! daa:;rlbad fow aJlil;l;llii~5 ::;egegaiio~ dwelOped iii! !'!le1~:i~le md met~re'jVIl.rt'e iJ:itD~oli~lhs..The 1iIlQS1,OOmft);]nl I'!@B is ~i~i!i~ :~~~.n~ 'oorn;;i$l!lng Q11 ~-~;!;-Ir'i~h ~M ~ 'o,rrrtec ~stre~indJucoo cheiTilG-a Ir~et'.; ~lfIey rune i.n:in, pods smrollinded by llIl,eI3lll.oc:r:ltc reI~ ~~e' ne.~t IfMfaity e'l~el1S;ve., Ihifl-ElfPeet-~::It;) ~egli ions. llh_ev ~;Ion f{lt' a.~\,ille-r' d~i[jlOlilI) 1'[1<1'1' o!;lf(lwi1ld 1[1l fiortY ~~ f haJe ~ inner looooct~l:: part tlha is oo.rdllr,@(j by 0U1 mi;¢i~iel~'err~ What then !:!!!Ihl;!ri;llo:tron~'p b~1}.'I'~n, ~Ihiel !llii,rljerIlJlel~;ttic: IrimJ,beyo~,"h'd1Ili5 the w~1i11 rod';; ry P~S$ o~ aiba::)li.jlJ,is· :segf\e9ll:io:m a'ld 1]iIk;Jlll"~I;!:$? BIClm ~iIt.l:iel!an 1003, '~9691;~'(er ard RlJbif! 1900: Ebm l008}. t19~a.~!1I,J~~!~.;;t.~I~~~~~'M, ~e I:].Qt Inl iTltJ;s:i ~. tlila O!!n!lt,oJ, II~cr;l!1;:; patl is Ctlmp~a,. ~paJ~'etI ill mi9n;]liles ad ~J~ lherlf['@roe, be 11Bpd'ed t1ve!!f hc:;!ncgeneo~m 'elo~ina:~ b'l"QUart~ b!!~Olnet:S a:;;1~t "lIme PlTe<-<¥fl ;j!ac~11::: i~Ofyoft~ h r~;;j(, 11.e"t~ley are ~~ OOI~bJlaily zonod {~~call'I' a q,u.;nz·lrich OOHl' md p~~ o~~Ihiijp1i.leo!:Q~. W ItrJsIKIul.l;ialb~rjjl.!S ~rEOiYltkms a mrefdd%,a:ttiG Olu~.er ~II owimg to lrne ~enQ.n o~ ~m '~o ~o,p gowung will.1n S:lr~ grruisllIts :lWI l3C>:lst ,?'An ~~'!ffl irucrl:!m~ln !Of df11ler\:ln! rornp:lsit~1il durimg IprQ·' :tItdOgj witlM &fott\it]m:t3j;J"mOO1~'sml m~~ m~ 1j!t'C\.o\'cie an !i1tdEi m81,~Qlrplmrrn" lills datk-o:!lolfed botdsts, ~lled ifl5i~ht ~e a:n tliie m~9 ~e;g. A~by '~97;2.Rlirlter 1'9S5~ rrh~lanClcr<lllc se::vOO'~ ;[lj'e I('arely Utli[CI['If!i,; !:~plcal!,;,; IlfIer~' i:'!; d\"d~ on thg, 1b4i1S()~the fasJj~.~ hal ls, d'JlIili~<l1It. but ts: a pnogr'@Siw oCocr,8<lOOiintllo prQ~xJ'rl:iOoIii o~quartz aid root ,eo;o;c:lu~w, m~ie.l1i1i Q~ delo~~ior!, b~~ ~. 0011pI~od~ t~ prQ~tie~ O! !)f'09i'e~ ,d.,k~nll.gl ti(lw<rd troll'; Ille Ir<1e a w!liolii oo!k, .aefom_aii~n Cl.il proreed.lFior ~h~ i~t~CQOI';llv; ~nil. 11h'il ~L;Q'l'1dl~ p~i';;;11J1!~ r!ii"'ilr IOOd ~ pi'Ot,Osr,ca ctfi.lf t~iig iJ'lJ h91"r;t';x!IJ m!jl~.Q:tp!l'c i'od<.a, ~h.~ i!; I,oltilmedlwithou~ ·ailJl!!f1Ijif(ti:J!tlf1lJ~S_ liih.~S!li ,t!if!uslon~p:ln alii! par,~:er m~ be rate of tfoffi~f'[; it mill r'()ls ¢(j1!~;rO'I'~1 !l.i$;),Ja:_J$ segreg<!!to.f1S a-e t~(!r $li)'1<l! {<20 If!iil!1!1~ ttJa. r~~cj pm~DJt-9M1 dt,~~ O~Il'3''ti~1 m~lilTIlal~eJlfI~, OllldiIF)io<ikJil...-.ped:~.fleyhWEI OJ rni~<i!b rorl~ rum:~lli1doo tile mef't Off.erSC:V the r~.~. I!!I.e of t~ltl!~r~ I~ by' wrnGtl bot'Oli l~crOl!~ fi'!iWi~Ie', ..... Im the' ~,I'I";,eio,plng,::pI,J~r'lr.rodl:, ~ p(llmkJ~ c'h""l~ ca:l Ibn a::aJm;plmooi, 1::90""::0 dif~u· ~~d'h~ {U~h ~~~l ~OO~, Tr~~11·110061.
~IJeg;1I(!niS{lrtlW in tll1e ow· ;<nj l'Ileditlm"'lJ,ffie ptrlS oJ m~ilIOOrphb ~errlliII!l>, :omdl it ln th~ higl1l·ga:tEl < m p~t s. T~re!¢f\e" rod;.~ ~-orm~ by 5i~eG$-·drmi'l ~~!!:dl!!O r.;Jg!~io~dI:J oot tl'il_lii.\li~~j;f A*""onn'~ (100s~dlJl.,i:tion of mig:rn!~it8, md ~~OO' '~hey ~1B ~,t tl],rmlld by pattlB! m~img, !hozy .dg. oot'ii!!1 '!\I,ilhi" ~~e d'efiritfo!i! gf li1'!igm~vte prC\p::.~ iill thf:1; be ok; OOtlreqLle:llIty, they !.lie n.,~ ronoo·
nlil ~i~<Ill}gk:<Jl"
~lcpl)¢~"'~tl,ir;jl,.~Q ni'~:;){f~'ll;)giG;(!~~~er(S:ic~ of ~KlJ5, ~€l'ilaiiQi'ls we !::e! "nOW!! IDr ~h(l~ devekllPM~roml rnet~~II~ic and Ii'Mt;;geywrle IPro,· ~~lil:ll$.C(J'n~~emlf, n.~seiIl'ilserve. <!5!1!ie'~~·,~aJl'!Jj!e.
The consti tu ent pans
er>ea
!Q
be .a!ileG..
~9!ii
fn
(;l
fTl~l! I~f~~r
.~~
i!1! :t1. ~M,. ~l!'r!;lCVo;!r" mGlt ~
A_·_U_;:;~_'il_if_I!i_.l_i~_OI!i_·~_'1:i_k_~~
11 9
RguT€l
B3 4
Fig, 634,. TIiloe pal~~

{lfq- b~I.I!tl-qlM£'!z-;~~t:I~ Ipr~ l'rYrm
me !fiitlhii: ~m:;Itite
9'Ie~
i~ ~ 19irt
~rio!rl; QQ1Qr;;:d.. from Range, UI,SJ\,. ~

I~!:l rl'l~~I~~; blolil~~-~m~!Clt!I~91'~I~
~rp~:m~,~~
Ip'FEllolitlh Ik~,
11M/} n~a:inll~
li01!;ioo(;rO!:I¢ !~i':S, rornt~jilns ,qUatl.:!. am(lu [lIs 01· b{otii~iIJ, us are Irned (Ifl Ila:tI ,Bide l1y
r~.
COIT!-
vnet~r~:sed
~h000in
<jl
:r 65'O'-';,(lO"C
!O.t'Id1P 4-i6
~Ie:
iii' 191m
III ~o!SSi.
.Im;rrgc .IWIl' CIl,Pfro-fl: SN • Olsen..
very Il;lJrC.l'i\l', mel~<!illc, bbtita.-rij) <rid I'n~rocllll!a.lp;lor bord~,~ Fl_e~II;~ m~Wal~ 'of ~CI,J~ion~1 011 lh~ mtlmlilh~ (Olren~9B:2, 19a4, 19.BS) indiCa:e thai th do !1iainlSl;)f BaaI¢Q~,jn;e a-e~OQ r~,~ rekj:ive 1:0 tlmi;!ir
RNrflel' ,~:
Olren, SN. ('198:1']:U,e mmposiUol'I
~O~ oQif the j l(jid in] m~II~"
m'ilt A~
rl;ild Ilidl;gaClIfIS1udy~ oO'f the I,gM~yaoo
rodt:s. aoJ.ltfibul~
ru~
mellmc~;~n)lOOlrder~
oon~Sl.
wlholo/
o'r m~
dleri'olecll
SIll. ~Q4-1;f,lO,
~r(l1ii11 Ilngtt·~leted !'rl~~g~me; !lhJa' hence. one ma,yoonObenl,s.N.8. Gram!, Jlt!" O~'ll): I~~.nl aa~ oilTi!tgr OYCIii th1lt the nwwllJI>e forlfn~ il1l m Op~I15')'5t'el1ITl, $;lml;il mES:fza1iolll in the Rl'orit 'RBI"!jle Colb.rEKIo. U.S.A • .1.tLIrltllJ of dolf!ains of Ifl~9:)mfl OOI!1l:an .as liH Ie as fil%{8lsic 1rn'!1II4[!:r1~ M¢.;trnlC4pjlll:~r!9·i ~§H64. m"clEd from ;]ifI ,Ilo);:larrnal m lJJee ~D tits rDcaJJy aerNaC mall.,
wlilereasl:UlMer dolllfiinEl OlllEruroIDme OOnt~11 as mlr:h M
gO,,,", a±lad malierilaL 11i111,1~ ~9t)a;lmEI' In HMiI>mig~ il'B thafor ma;! by·IiI)[AI rnbi!1dion 'Of m~i!1f!i~; ~m:~ f,~I:;;ic,iT!Ia'le-1
riia! VIas, il'1l'iroduaed frem aI1I !Ilxtrernal muree as veins, and mi'r'ig ~tli!il in1Q~
mmll. of lo~aJa,r~i~
11e!eby fOfmiiliJ
~~,ad
ii',om the Mst
he 'Rins.i
1.tIe,melarrocro1iC ooraers.
11fl~1ha! m~this 9J i'r'i~ Ar,o'liat~:fli de1'ined ICy !bioiJUIe in, tl)e r;:Jft!/ S1Iei5:> is mi"l'ItOOI pqalrGil t(l t ho·~r_ at·~ axi1lll plfllflS oil hlillblds Iil.. tM dsocmftried Ute IBtiOOS"lMe..
II is!h91 pre<serw:a '01 the Io~
Inl'llite,
Material corn d'rei~s a~.d{l[ais
120 --------------
Vp;.ruATloNSWm~'r<lI\I.I9)'~M~
FriEl. :BS!5.Thi~fKlH:tJe,j ~'of;jl mlgm1l ~e' ihiilS beeri chem;. rGilily e!cMdI' ;!I/'Id ~~~ Ie, mlo.r ~hrii< i<-f~~;ru" ~l!illlo-w, The 5!a1tiif!.Ei pro~ feveal~ H-i!O!'I, K-'r.e!ef~ Is not W!ir\(i<fIir1~ diElititMiE!'d tlhro!U~uI the l'etJO[IIDllfle; oorne p1l'is ImIl:; I{.iefd~ ~(fQeth~r; i~' pc I~I :;l;Jrr~ 0Il!D rB'\!leolrsI h 11'1, linljl~©!"~ i~, io!i!e-dOhi I~~, ~~e'J behl'jl~~ thlil h;I!!!D:;!' b oome ~ the meroeratrc, liner"!1,!li1'\ei:lp~ecrome, T1it8~ j;n1j1~C)If~ i~ !~~ ~;a. 1:;;[ too' thin ~rg h:;M! ~p#;iad !ilU ~~1I!l c:tUt!I'l:m~ekll!PaJllk: ffl3!erT8:I presel'll ln 1M ~el_morome. gjllhoUghthey rn~ hiava~lIed ~rrne or il. T'I~$ r~la1iClrtrnip ~.~ lntC ~me o! tbe b!JQ;l~rne maerial ha;! ~n r~r!l1lded Into the ~aiiLfl: ~_A~I allElrmllJw fX:':8Sib~i!)i istli.st tlhe. itu;lla;d9l'Ei!!ic I~f ,dlid nQt Euppiy ~ rn8J1et'iaJ t(_l' the I€LW&lme.fl!. -Ell:oo~f{i,rl'lled~ 8i reru~. (If ~119 iIlrIetfa;t[o1li bBlwesn Ih.s Inj~tQ,j mati (or an <KlU9ilUS f~i~ dljr~v.N lrQ:ml he cr~:\Im~rlO!l ,!if thlill~I.!I::o{3;lme) gr;rJ the 00j~i: ~JI1le. III tlh~ ~, tbe b!bilite·r~ 11t,{eI'
'otiut;i .b8It:aI1~aiIifi(jIca3t.~_
~tiDn: .~mlil mi9JiI;l;iiiie:ii, Ar,ceche, H1',~. ~"'" ty,gQl: m@l;![J:~il,t!: ~~IH:; qta'L!!~irltlld!JI~I1~ 9rne1~ .pro~olit~ p\¥tl~l~ M'lilled !.Imler lippei'-~i~lit,~1~i~ OOmd~loi'i!S 1iIl. 171)0 ± 5{)"c .aId F'.3 ~ • .i1rn;:Jg!l~ fliefrell3arooy,
Ai'r1W NMrr~~Wel:ier, c. ,& l8atbey, R f~9!lB): irl11il wle ~. im~~aloorPl1Ii.';fdlrio:; lii1I ' tire g;!ne:>is Q~ the' Bwm~ rniginBiil~ {Arcle,;jt6, Fr~~" OQr:I~!i'lt1Wl~ to M.~Iagy.~~ ~,~y 92 i 4el--4S1.
oj \!'!'ala, ml:(~r'!gI pt!)tE~
Mfllorml .om d re tos auto
81S
AtI~~.Jfl<'ittlj~.ti~i~.~ j
-------------121
FTg. E!~6. Tilbl. ~rQmOllJic rni!1!1'!i1~e ~ws
W~lil;ili:<l g!i!lCli~ Gr '~$llme-. T1ie ~ClI~!!lly IOldeo loooooomEl"i~ tile re:n!e~ is filller gra.meG U'I.. tl1IJ ot'hefEl, 'JIl arid ~. r~her !ilIllQottl n'!a:'g!f!:> ~ H1Ie p<t!30!O!l,mac .I%lthgl,!gh l~ h~\.!I~!;l;lml;l the !gil ~ h~~Qo! h 1li1!t'. at gn~ i!. i.s'noi.ice;;Ny romrer' 'I1ai~than. the Iford'ed one. R~,tr.eI:~:I~I;l;)~rmt,~ tp~loottQmli!~lhe b~t g'i!iirI"sile, ,;lGd has mm:giM Ihal: are oot'o$mou~~ irregu· lsr ill (HJtllll~. GIlMer imPQ~tO!'ltI~ur~wi~hlrl the OLltI)'OP' 1I1e ~:ilIe-ful'owing;!~) thei~W1jly iol~e-;I: :Ie~w~me isw F~ 'fe3lLJ~ ~..d rJ[l~i1ies 100 ~ 'fOE;!l.6t1,(2j ,BI:~hl3f"ll. !tlfl 18!!j~3Jme: Ell: too,~c;p out 8 H::~$S' he !1!'iI<in,; 11000E!FUgIor' 1001i" Ii1m, anJ:l {51 tile roRl'5€ lel.Joo~:ne :!iii the ootll[ll1l §n'~:Ile8 111'10<Ii:;;m:;i~ pe;:lma1itlc ~ Ul;Ij; o:mt;:m~ rot<ioBd ~BS
~~ r~Jfi'iIO\~.pho~m'<'!In~
'~fMI
d~fer·
i11ia'o~r~tl!lle'
~ng
thl!l'\(illfOIJ:!i
~ 9:::1i.'!St p!oglOliliJiI, p~tU<j!I)' m.~!ted :ill r 650-S8Q"C, P 4~6, kba'. ~[f): l~le pefI~U is ~5 ,em kJog.. ,!I'm 'C~j!.l~it¥l~ TblfllY I,SKennp..
~Iicq:
I~
Gren~
Ri¥erC:J.rnp[e]o;,
ViGllcriOl, A~mia.
!If'I!:I~~1(in,~
1'!1~~.II~;qu~~mi'eld!fl~tll:::
_tl'
F.iir(.r~t~~: Kemp,A IS & Gfa;~ eM. {M,lOO):GeolagW 'oolnl,e':<ct cr!..!5id ma:e:xi~, ;fUl,J gaJli~ic mEgTIElii~ ill the 01' nYr'l1ea~:ta'1!1 Gle!'l'el£l fliv,eJ Ci'Hn~e-~.wes:erm, V~ori31. MI;ril,fan, J<uri<!W af Emth $;iefloon 4'6, ·$07;"";2'0.
~, .A .IS, & HlI:!i'l'kesi.,-.roth, G,J t21DOO1'.;.Gralli~k:! IP~rr ~sc'ii\"" Oil! ~hegan~F"'lon !lIild =Iar ~h,iltfQll dr th€o ,oonlinenld ~. Iii The- C:rWlsLTreai,i!OeCl!l 8~lM1!i"'ry S {fI_ Rudnfdt:. edJ. EI~r ~ellre, O:dmd.llJK {:1A9-otlDh
thai ~r~1(@
Ittt:I~8
F:j
:;;I;rI.!GtI!.ilL>eS.
th~'b~~
of
l~
ob~·
ill::)
'>d1oM, tile d~1erences among b:i.cl1es of leuoomme may

U'i.fII.lH!ey I:lst!lii91tD d1I~OO1. i9GMr~iDi'lSIi\BltLI~w ~
tne Cletorma1io.[1 ~.5,llh~
oClJne!li m 'Ille migma.
tilt"," Aa;;n ;;;J~i9rr1i1ali,ve,If t!hef a"QalG'01II1;a,ssrnagenenalbil,
tnm tile d',ifr~r.e~i!l g'a!n •
md Mo~rue1ll.Jf'e nTIOiy
lXoooot
i~C!.l~~~ @~ l1oc1!ad1Tor'OOIt rr~Hon olm01i the tihjg of dsICJ,rmill!~it.
Mfllorml
.om d re tos auto
81S
122 ------------
VJl;.RMTION!> ViI !T,""'N N I~LH~O M~
Ft;g. B:S'l. Thi~ dlJ~I.IP

!fii00~~ ~!lO~
~:.
in ~.lIlIiS!'I\;!Jl.llilll w!!iHlJ ~
hvodiffererrl ~t,M'1d'ie:~~s:)me., .in
t'!'?OO cf
The ma:t~iK of
~()clo;;;;md d'ffl'e~ al~ri:ell 01 ilrac!II.IH.~i' OO'J5lJme g,;;milil;; m.~t INlITII,itt!: Ii"!~~it,~s 1w.!'gi",;!Jioo Into ~h_._Ai':!~us
rill. Ilhe: Cleinlet gj t~ ~~~Mlg~h
OOt'LIalm; !ar~,
e!lOOelr<il CI'~a1s ofdiIOOW>G:xe:~e r~lla'i1alnedi q!;Ja'1 ~'and ~I~~_
a. !etirncra:b
The .1119t)Si),I1i1E1' Is irlter·
PF,f1lw tg be th~' ~JJ ~0ilI prod~ o! O\l~~:;illdl@9N~"'1 g,f p~~r;;jl mellirog lrom tl'le i1rongruenl. DelEikOO1ljlfl of ffilphibolelMl
~~1I!l dlnopYlfl~ene,.
fluldl !Woe e):;sol"'ed 'h'O'!ii1 the pink IleIJOOe:rOlJ:I;;:r,rei!'!s tMy :[!!O cr~!'51:;jIiz!Ki, mEl M3 re."ll1llt. tho rnel::;mmic mck. 8{,(mndl Utern und'a'W.ern ~ralbfl aj1d SOFtIe K-mel:<LSi)mOillm'l! th~ prod~ced the ilo rf1l;de'cn,;;d~ rim~ ,an.:! lh~ biot~a t
Sri!llt~FU!geIIce', G[erM~' Fb;:;Ii ~~; ,millle}([IiI'
th m~""ll:;.1ic hQ5I;.lt;J~ty, grino!lyrg~!lfflj i~!lr~nl wi~lh I~t~:

LIltger' areas of pinli:-robretlieurooome
Pr~rtOe,
QillelJee,
COI'IIoda.,
pr,otorrtiil"
©IVI.
rllo!lik ttle' fn $W' cl1nopyFo:o:ene-b~lm91 n~rne, The, j:linloi: Iwcm;u1i'ic 1I<e!n::!, ~ 9rm~J;;: ~Il ;lmpo&tEo!i! ,~d CQ·nt{l,jn Q '~1lIl'1z, K,f~. ~ 'P'I~~ wi~ !1'lh:J..r lIfIlQunis ~f h CMOltirtS ,~ gatria-l, llfIE!i 1eum00;3!:lc ",aim ai·fl. $fwlJIitiEiClby a !h81I}, 0 t, maE .~il Which tli1te tne1.!IIlIBfie oosl hIE bam FflOdi~led; hornblende r~/;£es cilrlOP'\l1\OXenei (8<:9"
~mbt$l1O~ rim 0 n di~op)'f(l~liln~' i~ I;h~ in ,:;it!;! rTIeo~me'J, OBI. 9:ll1lle hornhaende ijn I:he meil!lmlliic rock Is r~ Iby
r eoo--eso"C
3J;'I.CI Ii' 5-13, li:.I:iw. ~I~':
metale\iiite'
l1!1i8flli1lll~e-; met~ic:
tli'i!li' rl<Jl~ III rniaJ'kOOllil
tQ"",e:r·in,mu'l~e.looe~ 'oondiiffo'n!l,
ihi.:EW. ~VEW
bio.~~t9..TIlLiS rn~t~~:k::~odk ~r~.Ei:S,aIia!,~ ("10m) OOiJctnl I~ pe1il~c me~a5eiJi!'l'1er1t$. ThelfI1et~lltes Ii~ ll!iKletg:lfle a.gMeler degree of peri la:lrr.elUn(j, ;:uI h:~ lo~. mLrl'l a~ tile mell.lhey genefale.;il, Tiley now h~ a r~~ ~mt:!I~.of mrll~.3Is. ~LI'a'tl + pl~ilK:I=' + bioi~llI"*- g~1I']1Ii: + sl.~itrj.m.!Ei !('lti~i!!' ;!; rn~~r1LB (,~, j!'i~ B:38}_ DUfi~ r~!la.! deroJl'rlailorll, H~ llJn.e!amwic rlJ'!:t.: WI'lSe:lH~erWly IiOO,Fofil ,oompoiHEf.rrt lli1:a11l t 119 '''''Jr~oLltlding m~taoodiIllBllltIll1'!1'
Mfllorml
.orn d re tos auto
81S
_A_U_;:;~_.il_if_I!i_.l_i~_OIi'i_·~_.ti_k_~~
123
Fig. 63ft T~ 9rer lpart 'Cif lhi~. nrign~1te typ~: ~ K-fi!l'd~~IHijl.~lIr~ll~tit~fajlDeI_

~tz ii'ie!~I~e
wn~ GoinlOt ..... .;IIFack
IF'I;,)
II'I~ h,;;;: iiCQ.iT1m~il\l ,C!O!I,k

1iIl~,
Itltlme ami 6illilil'Wllito,~lliOOfC t1~-bio'~;EFIlI~ocl~~!:;:
·ro~.~ rtcli
~.
,o! 1'~a:I!iI'I~
£gl1;Q~·oo'lmaj
miglTlitit:e. Lemi..sru"pedlcl~liIl<lifl:iO 1!l'd9P~bttI: lrl;~~Ih~.r p ifIetor oonferite, ~~ gg),!t wijhrP Iii\;! it'!eI~Jc: I~s: there IliWf wpr,erem ro:me Gf Um 'a9Jft)OO me:!. The mrel'KJe
went ~pen1erad bylhe
(LJ
Ith~
hw:!t ~p
rna~~!me!1liar'f
materrai
,ed a f~lIalIO!il ~d f~
~.
In the
Ilal,[~Ili"Ie'.
~~ 01 iTI~i;;JJI'i' p,~n;I;l[;l~~jit; ~!llpo~l~o·n. Ti-!.>;I' IlilOdd miner· oogy0r tM Iiflet!peli!e llater'S iindh::ales ~Ii\:i!. thf:y t'i'\e r~ ~!ler'
m ll'lE! pr~noe
w~re
~~re
01
errsThe
gn 'o;l~di~ril'!l a!10 M:;I~

lmel, mellJil'lij and ~wingl
,~n:5:l; 'qJ.Iart6, ~nrm'l.')U:;l.
th;! Ig.:~ ol.ar1$!;~j~ mel~, b.!t it i~iJn¢efial!)'O'Iilfuetl-l!i~
thE 1[:'i<!3IlIlflD,pelitkl Il!f!3I's hare bSl: l'FIelLUe IIllI:llrphol'ogy Qf tl-o;1 oortiQl'I$ del'~rtl'om'lhE! ;;n~~lc Irne:lt ~ ~11~9! dlrf,e~nt I~~ ~ thi:o migm~ih~' i:;! ilill.efle5!i'g. The. IliIlet~tic 1~,@I"s ll'li:a!l ~ge, pmminenl porlp:h¥W~s 01 gll!fm:t andl m mr,Ciarrile {CrdJ" B:lhiiEI 'DI~ w,hit!;, ate pgtl8l1y '5lliifmuii.aeDI Iby B. ImanOW lI'iirn,(lf 1'M::t. olilamrome. :9Jme m ~tre pnet a~;*" bJt e:;paci.my ~h-e' Q:lrdiari~Q, ~e PQlkib't:l~$ in~'eng!o'lm w~:hl::g~~i<i: ~feh;l~; ~hi5 mt.:ro:;lilrlJ,Jct~rt;J1 suooe:1'S I ~cl Ilhe e.oo~me aid garlllet ({fir oordeme) .3"£1 tli'i~ m~11~dl B:l1itI pi"(ldlld~ r~at::t~'yi'o.f I,he 1~,rg-IlJM't iT!'t!lt~ ,M !;);ome .. fI, IPlJ~le reEaloiil ftJr U'e!ie rQ~i$ Ibi:Hi~9 + smlrnanl~i9+ ~art2+ plcg~cr::la:;e .. ga'i'I91. {Of' wreliel'ile) + Mela~+ melt. T~ IMl:iQj!~ ~~ 01 thD 'g;<Jlnfri, or oordiflriio, plus I~OOFflfi· pods, (Ihlli' ~mrp, m~Elfiti!;· wflil Uii!3 f~allli'iG!~iifliBri!ary ~!l3rim. andI tn~ ~W rl'lJJbO~ leuOJrnne I,Q'Qarnet {Or OOJd1er!l w,[Ie), ~ Ih<llll~ ci:lmaill'Si h~ bSi m·~11 dnilliJ too She;rimg
neg:5Gme (N) in Ihe ~111fr .. pel~k:I~~ o~misl:$QI very mMJ!11 ,adliedrd ay::4la]s,c\~ garnet il~ a.q,uar!z", pl~~dMe '" [i\.:r~~~I,md~ Themell~iI".aOdOf'ltM 'l'!.f0$~!1-' ~ia'l:ylhli!~e ,1lS Hn~ whi;:tiJ 'Jw.frreti ill the pellte I~FS. . If-bW~. 1~ II'1Orlpilolag¥ the ~OOIifll& ~ d1df.f:r€fll1.;lhe Qf r8lio Dllrii.~t ~D'i3BfIilBti.iiB;S iW1it:I1J lifgjii.ei;,md llie mrnBlfIsof rloooorne l'lI!l'te adir~UEe mar,glll. EOUl tMreftialUres8Fe:oon~Bm wi~1li lm'si/.!1toflin<lICim/ ~. the I1IeQS) IfiEl a1id FlO bss of melt..ltui; the m~til'l3 r~ton 'i\!~~~igjlyth ~~ in 0010 '~!IPBS oll:ilJeF. bu. Ihe fina m()rl~lbgy {fofthe IrriitJn& fit!li lh~ d'i3\.ii!Ib~ 1m; ~ 11¥1 i~co:f'ttlf~11'OO b'y11'iB ~alEltM!J, ,oo:mpetemy Qr ea:fI !illf!OlO'!J';': ProWioo, ClJ€ll:iOC:,C::rux:Ia i!:: pr(:t'Olith,anE» l.e.xis m l'O~Ua'iJan(j\'l,e-Jaie5. wild ~iOlfr3 F ·60Q--,e50"O, OYId P' 5-8 kbd.. .5tafe: the ni£!r is 15 em b:rg. ~:
ulca'lUl:
~rl" FlJ!g8tlOO, (3r_11&
AxJi:
~.,WB; _1~E!)(i~
'liguEllrte; ~<p8If1
EW.Somyer.
Material corn d'rei~s a~ ..d{l[ais
~24-----------------------------
V,!l;.RU,TIIOltliISW ITII~liN N 18j >OM!:
F~g. B39. n.e ~
~'~
trod!; inllhe
I~er
p;ilfl of~he
or tll.1i t h~alle!i"e~~n
~'Ifj
~9r.alil·s~ the rWi11of '~I al"~

li'I~~'!hallh6
.$l i'!!"~~1
hw<jJ
Phaloer~i lsa !llol&H!l or~ho~ prilOO:!DI'Ii'Ul"wll~= tM dSrk-ro!b~eg mel~i:; ro::t; Is in ~t pa!eo,SOme :ordl
d~i',6m,. rilll!~,oi ,oo~[!'9 IH\~,
dCli!'iiO!~ qf i!eYOO~!ii;t~
o~
ii'!~ ~
to fOrm
in pa·lllI1IeImorome.Ule domaillll!l.of l!eurorollle hmtt'dlby the W!~<'fll!"OC: rtliCk b;l!.~lhe :>am$ mlmerabgy, ,~la!Iy p;II#o~ + q!J!wt~li'l!ith minot[ mocJU!15 o~ iKll1!i;!efld'e m p~'T'oi)x:el1e.. j:Xlinl o.f in1!~est ill this migm.ile ~ Ihe Tile ,on1er~~ 'gr;in~ of t~ $",,,,,, i:;lQdies:·,~f ~~met, lin "The m81~ gJ'aillrsze i:s. !?lnl'm by '~he leueeseme (ILl) IOca!ied In Ii'le tlti(en~!llio n ~ iI>e'!~ llie ~if'l$. .A,i'iner ~.nrin"ge",I5t~ in t~>e wm cff~bof ,Ie~me (l2), Ih~ =r l"£Iallcl to ~IIlB I~!~ willilll1l ~I'I~ two loou· dina. These ,oH:sliJDtlts~, m 1",~IBl' olilnna, .End d. least OI1e !Jof !,l1em is ill oon~m Wlith I~me, e!licerre I,hm ~sa tlca! derivaliQll for~Ffla ailM I'flaIt I:t!a mode th~ 1~!;I;l'rne, 'I',h!;l,l;ioiilleill~,Qf lel"lO;l!;I;Kl:[le {Uj ",,~h~hefilili" eo:i. {lr::;JINize oa:ur O~ the ootside ~af .!he oou,jin~ I~: l!hayh3.\~ ~i1IBB"i'IMtt'1as:. ~ ~ loM'ly, the Cl'y& tels i1:l ~hern 11~ a :ff1~·aa'~oo Pl'efernea Orien~~ ion, Clasa ,ex'irlln<t.ia.!1 01'althega, dotlnalns of ll~ 1m! ~s mal: trie1rE!c ,~'e' FlOC!rQs:rwtti~g rela:io00 rtJ1IOngUiem; ral her tlhr1llll ii: alrno(liih ~ !rom (m~I!Il' tho ~.)(t o'l'Or ~tidhl tlioll9'an .• ~ r,~Iy.. Tt"J8, c;oo ~ rnrclJtle thEll >'illl
,oomained me!~ a:tlne~
diff,Dlenl Uil'lWS,m::I n18fweUI hme ul'ider,!p ne dif1ereflt tWio· Irlel> oj daklrm;l;bl1 .;1$ Ule mel1 w~1iWI ';\10'11>. (l!'@aJli<:j~ Ftxr ~~~fille<, th@ 1~~'[llI;I ~nthl;l in~et'I~t~oll ~ ~ the OOl1ll'9Iltt 'l1!!in~e~· tl'!a!Sl..e W.as dii!i~ ooring a~ ~:;iIli....tign,~he~ ~hedo,(ifl~rv;:d II~~ 1iTie. wit iii ~he HneSii graii'l'~rewet"B [oea:edlil'l s1t~wMe 'the d'e&:Irmtti:l1ll W/uool duriligl ,cf~;jl~loli! iO!'ldl rh,.,groWiiig (:[I'ysI~ wara l)e1iQdl·· ~Iy ~rrned ,and their gr~n~~ fe.Il..t;:eQI. Oiffere~ ilill gr;lirN';im allId1 moo~meturll 'from Of1le'tll?€l of I~~m:e ~D the nii:d .illi9J'rt 001 ilitlba:le tliBl tne ~!3I.'Ifi;3;S; belfl1l91 1[1![f.I~el1,t ~er;gliKms:: thei~I!Jc.gI 3!rootllrailP'J'.5illl)r1I ~uk:ll <tlil"ll$ba oooolder'arJ,
,lamI.loii: Btitt. BMklg.;CO~{J](, lB$Jtldml9l Farm, ~l1Ih Afdca.
lR:d!fY.l'~ melf(l.,~iI!e FrLign'l'llite;rrneMJlIHiic ,",oh)lttlfi, PEl'

~i<lIty Im~ooin Ih'll'91<T1ul;HI foties. ~:
11em !o!ilgdIPOl$;EW";~~f; lh€! pOOkm knit" ~s
fimfrer ~tti~: MmdlJd'OfI,

diS! ti:llJIll:ln 01 mrelt.baariV
Nt.&
6n)WIl. M. {2.0(3);~aliial
,stm:llm,es
iil~ated~
rock:s
'me, co;n~",mty,
i~iSWlreGIi~
from 9:lLrtMr;FI Btilt~, Rance.: imipicalofiS,lO.r mell trm~

<Ill' grOJinr. 00 01Og3n'~Iii, rKlOOQ/1I'J~ 364,. 21i5-i2S5.
tib~or~d
tMr oolidificaofll ;r;ocwrrring a dlffQreln llm~
Materia corn d'rei~s a~.d{l[ais
AU;:;~, ilifl!ili~OIi'i~,1:i"l!:~
-------------125
l1.rJlre
840
Fig. 940\. TIiismgmit~,~mg,!.Ip

~'IO\i'I';!;
~.w:mt~
~irdyQ!
~50!f)!j',;:n;!!
d hu:oOl~lc~hl'tlugil
nl~t'.:lli::
~<tic
+ g;r~
p;;!IH, ~O{~ane:!1
~~~r~l:~!f'I
~o f'I'iIi. t!ie'~
,~m;;in Iill.ilJlbe ~ r.m of [pi1J0l0~ij;, or I~f.eni!e' ~'oKi!'ilh!.tim ~ CeGf'l .. ~-I'!;l: I!lt'!cd[ioo MI'ig ~Ir~ rntl:~.lng, [hut dlrl
ro~ ~!'I},O
meM,~Ie1~ ~t~
~~¢'alc
t~~:S ~ olE
eemer a'Ki 1000t oolilJan 100 ntB8;Bernf)I¥'mtlilo,p)'f,oxenKI'
i!.IMlD1 of tIM r~
of th~ fIltJllfllllitc c."ll ~'ro oode!l.:JlOO::J[
+ ,cfu:;i;P11"(r:(Ql19.wH~h a~y
d~i'~ the eNlt~iotl ol!nttedil:: meiL Tille b.\1er rig'lI.oorrne.r o:mians ttle [nl;I.sl. ~~;i-; p;!lt gf tbe ~~e: ~ ,ooar~aned mrnblllnd~':!!.~~l~~ad;:a: !ml!6b k:tiro:;D!11I81 (lll in, wtli~ IFeIlf(9'~ bi)~nIj~ patU;ltyr~l~ d~pjlwrelile'tl'l!it 15 rnerpli.'ted .~!;) becr)f<tW!zed aiMltMi:;; mdt.
Cm][~'an~
Wm!Dmt!
~10Ill00n1: of ~~. ~,d~;!li [B}a!'"@ in1llOqlrelie:;! to be- l~d'~Yrn ~ ,dtel!
~cr·OIiI;,·~ Ih h;!G. a aIbsI~~~'i' dl'lerern mo<rphoibgj .;n:I m'crosll'\Jot\Ire; ij . .;Ii;)~ ret g~Jr i;r;; nihil (,d:;r;l' ~ .~~ IBm) _ FialU1e{; jIJ,islile m!lr[:w: rM2li 1'I1ftmlillalls lhe mellDXJati::: md ~~O!',~~r;;i:l:~ Thl;l'm~cr;;jk: !lIidITi~.d~,~·.ln gran.
9ze·afl[JI ~
i~s mineral ~.
rrornor~!J.opyro.:!lene
~~1IfIe
+ ~tz
~~:oiale
"'"
~1o(icd0l!iie 1'fe0il' !ih9'
~l
00 ua:l'1dI[I1IrO'l!l;lI'l:lLJil
Fmu:h
{II
~o lilorlti!wi;!e -I" eII!lOP'fl1;l~eme-l" IJI~ Thk p'~llbn iin 111~m~c;.l~ malriJ( ieuIDBEH1ns' i~mlitEllh!i
S'!8'
m .~~.
hi.r~h@l' M~. ne'I'Wl)~ of
tile liii~il8
1rI E1~EI, iii2t"lh ~t8lfh U'Jij! oBricbSE!6JubU8 t~ of lifeJaEtic rOO::. The Illinnes: Sllg'flellIS 01111118euxJ[ ~me, netVl.(ll'loi:ml1l:anlih9' ~asI: [~ipot1b:nSIlI dioo,P'Jt\Dl{QIlla a:dOlrilIitClP'l"J;l;I>:;WiIe', ~ Iil~ h<ml Cl"y;tgf,!;:ed kOIl1 !Jidt th<!!
11aJasubit3'lii8J~~ oomp:meJ1:enl!'r3nedi1l i~.Mlflir)'oItlre tlmyot~~ (M} ceo!lll
IP'Il'~'O'-YEI~~~
I~
n 111eme!t. The
~11,
mu~
wN:!h
~UhtjJ
~craiic"domal1
t~ ~E1·of the ~tcgr;ph coiil1:aJi'LS rIfiIliB .. <m:«Iblq line pl'<\JQd!:!:e + omPilU:.ierJe T hoHil'b~' ~ ~~: :!t or·tmPfl'IDllIiI€I. I OOstoo ~~ gr31n'~1Jl ~ldb~on too ri·tri} ~ t~ ~ rni'r.l~:S c! [J;ofm:JI31'Ids,.n:I fl~dBJ_ This ~. q~ib dtH!r1a.n iirltlile m~ite iT!af be d~ in OOlTlpo!iiMn to I he< ll1IocaJil1<jib [p1O:jolili't HOl!f;lO'!ror" [pai'llS 01 U'l1s ooll1<lfil OIteloc.;jly ,~~!, £J'o!rlW ~ r~ In pyro_i'lefie <!llXiI', (:O~
ql.!ali:ly, in inierlJOfate:!i <5r~!.UIl,~re',
't1iE psrlJso/ rneliwEO!.Irre ,fl'ld the re!.\wrik . .olclmnels '" 'o\lhidl Ifttedb meI!:was: al!iJ'~iad firOOl iI. The B>:i:rlliio'Ji1 <Of lmei!filom ~ihe ~~,a!'" '~n ~ i!:II;omple1ieo,a'O. i~ dij fPt f'K'9"es;I'~' ~idenl~ to form mel:rroa;;i:!i: re5idJtJm, bu.t eoo!J!j1 mcll VI~ 8.'!:,tr~tEd:B:l tnm: ,~ru~l1£neJI ~3M~' Ojulfl d'£Mt!bj2 !I'ih9 ~~ceOl9:mI!e/il iin me mgmne ~st~. MliCient p"rti;;i 1'ti'IiI!. w.a;pl\9!a1Hht ~rsd fiI"I::I~eOilii'ljl€lEnl rn.aJ9f,ia {e,g" ~U1Jmnl ~ ~erli!e t!m~ !lVet'edi$l.!pled ,m JQt~a:I' ill too m1iril:; hoo.'Xl,tilib [s.;!dlai~iliiO rmf~<'iliil9;,
iIitliBtipra!iE!Clo rept~t ~~: ~1I@n A~pj oonxitB: S!~
9.f!j.~,
mBtmlJib
Qli~ 'C~ti. IIW\; !.we: protoGliti1,grmulito;.la:D mctm:Jii:. i:o.2.:5 ~.
tne
WIJ h
Ul& !fil.!fI'I~
wide. ~;
EY'J,
I.hi~~~i:
Sawyer.
Material corn d'rei~s 3t1h:ltais
~26 ------------
V,Il..RlA,TIIOlt>lIS ITII~liN N 19j >OM!: W
'0"111 thICk)
F~g. B4~. Thi:;; mg;m~e wntOli(liicoli".erent ~~~ (SCI-OO of dir~~~rrtco,f'!'lpo~UO!'l ~h;[)l ~I!I "'~~Fp'etM tc ~e ortijinOjty b~ lfleQ(:!I~, Tf!~ grey-oolo~ed 1O!'t eI'!S I1we Ihigll IlfIOd~ plOportiollis Q:f c)}rdieril~ .Hl1dare Ill:It",~r1!tedlt~ h<llJe ro~ mo'S! o~ the ~acliic mel!! that fQrm~g in tnetif!,. e~ !hoi.d1 t~ Ill"e !lO~ meIWlC'cF~~ lihe pans oi' His miglMite that were del!~' [win M!Ic tll;lcti:C !lI11;1~ ~hiEl~ :ii. widljJ r~ 01 morph()beie~ !b:rne !nEil.a:!~ me2! mllleeM:d lPam"~I!o lh,e beddlngm for llfIool hgn..~~t·r:alio oomaJl1~01' ~~:;ome-.IEl!<ewhare, ;¥!<IectiJ. melt ,oo[leclJeo;l into ~lleF, !e~~e.:;I bodi~ locata;il 11m,!tIe.ar parids arid III rmed k:iJro:!(f,rn£I tHl2i:l Is.~o:xi· mEll!Bly patBilal to ~.It8socfa'lpfm8!3of Eri:i'SI"~Ei fol'a!;: 11\,8EEi Ifr'e ofien~ed .fRJf[{Iximaie'ly p8J~lel 10 lhe riJler. P.ollhi tI199a' t~ 01 reu:n&lil~ 1li<11!'9 a lrela:ively ~aJl fifDpor· t~fl o~ ferFQ~iI;l~w\ lininer~~ ill t~OIm, wihi;h if1l;:I~~~
tllai Ihey represent a:x:umulS:Kms f'iatI, ~~edllr.om t!'iJa, ~LiJm, ofarniectic melt thai HOW'eil@r, the p;:!(]t'It. o~ ~ ,p.tJCl1es.cf 1fIiB1;;njc:tti~ OO~9
t~
the ra io 01 lliIeI ... cr,OIli,. wlr~ to IleL!Wcrill~

'~ilIl!: MO!!Ol'f1o 1.0
fl§,~ hom
tlh~ ~:e.i!:t. ~lnI'~a1r:on

am the product
riim dif· of the

o~ d!(f<!lad.
mel~alic
~~ (I)
l\euOOQ'alllc parts 01 the ~d1Ies or

ttlm rome
ImlOOOllTf'l1ll ll}W:s ~
sw pan ioll melUngL IHCl\'\i'!aver,

r~ illllh.ese rock5~
il1ll~
:P11i!l~~ic;'(;Ompg,mil;lnl
~g.a, ilo'll~Qthl;l~~iGht:;Jm..tryolthe
mQ$ liwo'a,~aQ
mel'lillg
r.-=illom.
cases. the neeserne
Iorroed In ~1U', 01 to'" 0

wi~hi~over<il
mett. ~I;I~I i~ r~alltru'kmlflpoEllilt!n. This type.of Ilifll'Ilt·· d~la!t;d li!eOa;;lm& ln ~r;;~.es h;;oomii!'lOnllrl !halh~ati'-gr a:Je, g!arrufite-f~5 Il'art~ gf mio;pmd ileterrUle~ 111'<1 melt 110:01 (mom I i1!1lnoo9:):rn'!e !'Il!a'j hai@ oollhibuted HI lilt .. ·~'!.'!Otps of m:jira~1>tEtliQ !sUro!3il:Iii.s pta88l'fjt al8BoiinSl'Ei ihl tne
olllaop.ThiS mel,atexile mvnaliile is mol oomin81edl Olf <my portiWg~'rPa Uye~erl1mllor Ollo1lJCQ9il ma .o,rr ao~mi9 mo:rlPll'lOlogy, n
mycl11 g~ it$~~ec!ikl
Tlh'is f~ iindI..e'<i ~ l;iIifrfWtto dh~o~ anedQilioll!<il o~ip"

i~;.either pai:dh"S! romclir;;:,nor net-Ill r,LlCime!:i1 n kftlaJly i\apr,~itI:~r,va oJ Il:~Dvatdl ~P~~ li'lDLJIe.r>Op.
iliTitef,e5ll 111Sf'\e i~tile ~lef'!e;J. iiIlI*ar~ t1Ieo9)1'I'iIe I ha: Qjti'l9is:l. or a ,00 n:;piruoLJS
rurreun~
C)!'a.ll~cr,Etil:;
Of
tim, The, 1lIi~8:l:ic

II1!I'I' II~
iI3~~II3'
wrre<$
,oo:niisi 01 one,
p(HfI:il~.a
crystals; ol orrho-
blehs of ,,,,,art~ wher~ th~ l~ooct:a:iC rii'ns wrnain qlJ!'l!'lz, IPIa. ,gociam. ~ K.m~. It ls I@o!'idmt from llilB Ipba.togr~
:lirE iil'l;8i'~DWi'i\trit,h,
jfo/i'!5xoJ!jii£!Ui~
Wuluma. Hill's. Anmta Inlier,.AlI~ralj'a R:x:Ii. ~.J'i!l~: hlIigm!E!lii!oI!'; AlJ.pt.>tJr ~mitEi p.raI dlill\, PJ' liall¥ m~ted ai Ta2~~,,()., Pea ~ I~., S;ale: I.he' ruler iiS 15 em IOffiQ.lna,ge:BY. Slnyer; ,~t.bn:
mSi!Ei,lru'iIIEi
1
Materia corn d'reiWs a~ ..d{l[ais
.AtI,,~. jJf~'i&!,~~.ti~i~.~
--------------------------127
Fig 8"2 .'F1:J~ pro-10m hte thi:;; m'fgm:;tit@ w.~ Oil Ilw;;ogriru'lodlOr!•.~ .Ih~ rnIMillllll!:c! !'mlI~ I~s (promtlly ~~ dikes),.DIl!~~ lhe ~b~~t OiTI!~e?!iis. Uie 'I~grwmdiorite partiffl~ melted\ but the m~ic J~FS dKl !1a~: !hey ~'\Ie~ re~$I~rSi W!'tere l!"o1;i' Ir~tklrn al mel! fl1i tiMe> 1~!J!~dlofite Wa!il ~iiie!ltt~ ~ wyl~ now. ~ dlael:il'l'l' mfgruilil,e ~!l5 'formed., md~ ~.he re~~er I~~:!:
were &Sl"lUpt",,", and
~eI
di~t=;{I! ~ 1'n19fi"1~jtll!; l'aJ~
Ol"a lea SJJbpro'llililce, Q uecec,.Canida ~. ~yp~': ~lorllil1l pFO~D[ilh, ilI1aJ:~is at TC<!.f50"C,Md P'5-7 li<bar.~W.I!'Je, ~u!er is~5 ~m Itli19. Lw.~'; ~W. ~ver.
~Iicfi\;
'lffio:;foJ:'le~·~
Ui!e' neQi!:oma<, ~
FiN.r:mN' ~~: S;wye:r. Bi'I" (19E8l: R:I,rmal[Q·~.mol evo. !Uti;)1'1o~ grr~le 'm~O!',i;! dl.;!r!ng Q~~ ~,r~!'(!I:. the ~H'icNloe o~ d}al,e.?:ite5. J\\u.rrrn~ CIIF'et.ro!ogy 39, 11,<17=11167.
in this i~,
D iiltml,~e>:.d'l~e beli.wee.FIthe a'lfIlooHe:mel1.and the Ir:;grruen1S .af tM malic l~eslS!er OOi:lJrrecL
S;:.mijihorrMel'rle a lhe
"~I ed iii h{Qtll€'.~d ill pl~IDdlase,jXl~~
~~I\iO(:I~,
ed,~~
the
'by
oi the- res51:er5, '!ll~ eon2IJJ;aret'l1. nOOOOIf!!!I Via,<; enriclloo

tlr,aiiEklr~b.ii
of I(;d~I~3t
10
..... l1idl t6rl'f\eEl a ..... hite rim aroUnd Ithe 1~'!m3
of rEtsolEter. IEI~~1i18;re"I~a· re:ii£il8l' I~:I> became dl~ 9f:eg.at~1 ~.~ h~ g1j~nl; ~ me is c;:m'l;;mln:.;j!a-.;! 'O\Iim~ )l~'~K:. 11O~~ ..lil1Ijs otlicr.op ill.i.s!lr1tes Ihcl tllere ~jjEl,~oe:n:!idard::liB J~' liii t;h~H;t)'fi'iPO~liol'i of'tl'1e 1'i\~11.· deri~ pa'tsor mipiles .arisin~ from oonta1li~iGIllI, 01' dlffusi'lre e:r.:cllantp willi reaQer litliic.l!)gles: !.hl& po~ill\y ~uli;l te w~~eO ,vh.e!i ~1PIin~
Mfllorml
.om d re tos auto
81S
128·--------------
®,." LmOO!3)M!!HO
I!.aIOOCtlATdO
!:m::~nt\l ~i:GttIM\m~
Fflg. B43.Thi:;;, granulit~·ifa;i~i mr~aitfJ' hall, :prgmi· dbm~M 01 !'fI~J::;MfTIIJ!: !hai f,1J:I11ow H~ ril'lf~b.nl ald. o:J!Ii1!~tbnall l~rlii9 itiJ tile m~~ ,~~ pJeooroor. lite ~ndanl arem o~ leuoooome,IID111El'!.!el',d~f.1y a mo'ne oo,l!lI;IIe~·ootl 11f.e~<rdhlca1aJir~!!nl" "'II111!'! ood1a~ ,~f m ~ 1~IAI.om!;! (I:.l~ ,ar'~' ~ci';;;!lEI!J ,l;!ir@Qtty ~h the w melaoos:lmeaJd iBle miel'lJ,edelther p;!!Ii'aI!d,. olrtlmgcmlJ, '~r gh~~ ~g 'the I~irig: tlleselgr!i!1 an irrte=l1ll~ted neiW'tidL ~me mOire c:lIllLilllJous, 1af8f'I~-!'I'r!lJlelidOllUilil1S~f 11iI·~uroa leu:osolIne (L2) "",lilt! a! IIri:in ~a(I:lla)me OCO,/f Oli!t~~ tlw rmli~ l!llel~CI"1ltic. II~r~ MZI ~lW~1;I hwe ~r1 fl~d by~ IitB net\iWlrk ell tbll'lm~; ort~f!aI.and ol!}Ll.luE! 'OOliiaF!8 '01 ~$i,rmEDrne, IFlilllaa Bfer"p8tBlIa.1 di)mai1i8 ~1't$r.1 'oo.rlnec~ to mOOl ",,~er oodies (lil), Which cr,os:: Ute ~el'i1lli:l,in Ine, miglJ1<1i1itClITt*i' ~::el1Ioa 'on mE!lanO>Cll'alc OOFtdSfS to th~ 'l!jid''!l. I;:.ro~o.ctlim9 bot;li~ gJ~$t:ho!j 111'e'/d;d I:1I:ll ai;tra;:i mel~ lrom iheil 000;;15\but 3'e!iil1'lply ,00 ildtJi'is ~r l!he migrdioifiol lii'islt ,Mil of 'tna 'Mti~ea, f'E'Sif:ofi., Hlinea, ~~lewirle I~~ Il::iOdles ~t!ra be eal'ed IeLI'OOCtati(:,veins alldi
!fii~. oot laua:Ja:Ilin9.
~iilIi'!f.i~Slrl,lc~ur~ Z.Qlle, OIilJ:&'~, C,l'I_n~ If'$laiilli:i~!1 mlgfrl~irfi'; !'I:1~k. gtt~r~ preitQE~I!:!~. n~Jf¥ Iifi'le!:tej:al. 9fonJilte-:l~ ao!tdi1!O~ T >C~ 850 "C, P 11 ~I:mr. S::81fJ; U-.c' ~runt(ln rompas::,isB el'll OOf'@S&.ii'Il*:
~t~;
~'W~;
ID.Fl.M.P<lU~:m,
Rlrlbw t~rJltg.: H,;ltel, TJI.O, 8, R!:i!!!Ia)I1, D"R.M. (100lr~; GeIille5!5 of the~~~ (Onlarb~ m~i~i;;: lI'dic iW~ntesbV ~~rQlronl !I!1gll~ or arnP:111~o~.e::the imPOrt;;:ncl1l of ~b~to r~1ion pl'ogrE!'&. .JiJWIJIIJ al M~IlrIlJ~h.b ~yt4. ~~-fl<I'l,
~wr, aw, (21)01).: M2il ~"~n
l!'Ith:e
(tli'ftl"l€'i)l~
cr~;di~r,"L!'I:ioll and m~~msnt of me~ iIil ma!:eoli;;:l'0~ ,wlnaIof M~aru®.rpll'c ~119.29~..:J!Ila
MfllorlUl .orn d re tos auto
81S
AU;:;~. ilifM:i~ot'i~.1:il'l!:~
-------------129
IFI.Qjre
B44
w@ to 1!'I<'ltGO!f!Ipr~~!ie pr,()!O!1!h O!f U'iis iii~ffi!.de, !i!as·IIJeen 5l~·1i9Y ;;:Ueooded by 1il:~E1iranJ symdlrQnou!! w~h rm1,e:o:is.. D om;j!1$· '()f l!a!<lCO~iIIi1E! <UfEl ~eo1OJlly e'Il\ic!etlt Iii) U)~ m.tI~ parti!ii o'I!h'i~ m!gm:;:;l;I~"'! b~ t~ CI;I!'or w!iflrOlSt lbetweem paleosome, l'Ilelanooorne.,and 1e1Jl:Xl<l!011i1Je pari S ls 9"e!Od;~rt!hefle" 'ihe- leuco<Sr;lmeEI;(hi1it~ ....r~ 01' ~r. j:l4l1Ologie.s, htm correiillles with its '!!i!rlllo!.ural lXlsll:rcm_ w Btld!e-.;;··ol t~~,mEl o·nleailt.;dp;;t;iOlte! ~oo.,he ~m,oo~tl;:)noi I~ing [L1l' mdl th~lb5di:;lll ha.elhe hlg'hes:t ~'n;;!i:;I ald <ooulCl eea!loo ~rQ:mai:r;: l~fn!'llB_ b MaS! Ib:xfles 01 l~oo3JifI;iEl ~1.2). :ar:a bcatetl E;itlh~I I::os!.\!laBiii oolidin9 (law'" est ~-f:!i[)) ,Or in re!.s 01 ccmjugale e.xtetl5immtl ::h9s ..1d l'r~ures (fm~rIllfiEd~e' atip~I!OH<iilo)" H~r, most 5!lrikillil3lin l:hi!;!Q~c~ j:;jn~ wrnbiO!!!lto'nl!;kf ,~!dQman~ 0; le1looIDrneio lorm .an mi:leredl b~m.ched alI~ The th·in·
Frg. 11344. TIl@ in~r,;:j 'compo!ittiotd heterofPnetty,
IrnII.rLJ:!bl'lll5~ iiiIlI~ie~: f~~
k]1Ill.':1US, lFO~
th
~h~ mell in thil;;,llwce!;Qrn>e {LS:I W',~ dar~ bca 1.~,lheftl !hl~l!silJ'l iiill·a:ujl'O]j Il'JIjoomrnl~;il i1 [SMt. d~!'I it !sa I~· 'ClE!!k::ue!!iiJ. D'e!,aJled: ~.~ina!!O!i! 01' tM COi'il~$ beW"~ ~he diff.e~ellt IHlJgl1.ents of Iloooooolil1lo ~11dkatcsllhe .s:b:scl'm 'o~ ~~; di'lang.a$·lfiI g;;tjn !'ii~ Qr oomPO$11[;::Jn: Il'isr$ lis con· ~inl>li1;ylilfO~yt t the ~rra,'!: Thi~ lint;li~ i's, ~nteflOret'~ to meell !rna: !he ,emire!lir~~ Ci<f leuoo9:lllle oolll!i'iit\eld nmill. ai ~h", ~. time' ~d. ihIe:I1i;l;l, .~ho't melt ar'i!igr,~,ed 'O~~ Q'I tt,e rnigllrtS!ite IllfoLgh In.!! Ilrr81 !!Ibl'l!;! pr!l;greaorety fewe!' !I'd w!deor cnarulle!.... j,iraa 1\1mgatimgl ~IrI FOlll:(,l1l Ullel O,·cm·-wide 'cihOlJilnet lliIlarKed by ~h.e leli.Il;l'~~me 11 tlhe ~w~r r iglt .. A ~1iIn!b,wid" Illooi:iera;'ic: inQIi'I the l.eft m~ rep~~:!C!1'he ~ t prtJ){IIifiEliEiflc (if ,arnMIiBii 'ifj'r~ ,0'1 lE!l.!I:XJ~tmlEl dr,aiJim t~ melt Ifrom~~~e par~ Of tlhe m~ i~e fEl~I~erm tile lell:.
~rM
Alrtta
River Gnei~
C3Jil'oe'i!.l'&y
I'ocally,. ~ullh
,Fbd!;- ,I;lP9': lirI.8I alsxile
rn{igm<iiite; mB1.ElflaI&:. ;:nj
t'i:GSI dol'l'il~~
ollEi1.lMOOi'ifle
'fOlftli'i1 '!M
rl'l ,s.~!J ~ts
ol·I.~1lI
MetworR.wRsree5 tM tnid'.e.5I dOlmaihS (If liaioosome (lS) In thetrlray clearly. ,crcsHl1l1liie, I<lfetiRng 1111 ~9jme the R melmowme .a; UI~ ~ ..... J~t O!fltte pnotcgr~h. II er
met,~!~rultc to ~onel~iCprotonm. par~iil'll.ty lfIl~tej lin ~h~ gaI1LIi~o~adf)!i>S:::ot~: t h€l Ij:lOckQ,tlkn~o iil>111cm 10119, Im~~'; EW. SowF.
Material corn d·rei~s 3t11O ais
1130 --------------
lm::l"'1 L8lJCal~rN~HO
19l]OOCAlI'\lIC DIKe;lli~ ti!:GI\tM,IFUT~
Ffg. EI4,5i. M9ndlite~ in~lIlhem 18rmi\!iIY ,a;~ loC<lledl mu!h or ~.M· tr~l!Q.jr~1fI1: EoI:.I!lhi,AlfillflOr~ 91_ Zmilfl. S'I~iii!9 dulling M:;;!eidS ~ f;i~ the re~!,!1 wt'iy the ooll~hern Briltan~ mfi}l'lililitlls hIMl a preool11flinmlly etromalic I)lI:)nP'hokl@!,(9'i!e~' FI~ Bl{n}. 'I'iI'~,~hlll! oodles 'of feil;:!!;p~NiOl,I~~m~ oriem~ pa;~leJ to tblo,lr~io:nt Illllffnate wu~h I::lbtill7ridl m.e'll!IJmcr~i'c I~s aJXII war~r, r~ne·grained Ibkrtilt~!,j~~~pLa.3~ ~i5i!~, 1H.o'I!!I"IO!Yer; I'D: ,;!lIthe bmliesit:ii f.eIJJo.:oome ill tlile migmHl18tl are ~ OiIllel~o the' 1011~tol'l 0li'Id ro~ibn<il 1~i1~. iirl rI1~ p1~lhe ~~orndic Riii~!;ji~e~,wnt,wliI CI",C!~ltirg i:;rJ~. les ,oF ~OOOOIlW 1QcaI~1 in rlf!lerooudrlm ~Iiliorm m 8Xls:rnOO,iial 8h8<air5lrlittLires, :ant! me aim, tti~ ~'di:!iXlrotlartrt I.'eIIlIS leuoogranilelll§ Qf i'l'18J be 5E!Ver~ meters 1.olel1s of matif!l'$ Ib~ A~h:QU!1Iltoa, ~OOUling relaticm:tiips. h:ffi. 'caI:L;!I .~ dear IP·["I!;Ig~O!l i!"] "51 r~~!,Jr:;i," ~ f["l;llfTll I5o'iroli!lai;t;; Iwrom:rne ~hF(iu~ di!ocord~t IaJoosalffiEito gfSliitK: veijn, tlh~te i~.iiO progll~i'1 in. ·p~,ok!~" ~_ Tift lP'hti~a· 'g'splll 5!1ows Hie OO'nl,~ relatio rn~5, l:letweenEl gr~t~ 'veilii 1(1' em wl:Je.;nj the t1o:st :stromaU::;lm1eH,Mxlte mig...15 rnalite. The ~ran~iC vein buJf!Cil1~ the I~tin~ ~Jliiedby tthlolrnelaioseme .~ ~oo bioiiui-quartz-o,~~:ocl_ ~i\l',
~l
Wr:ltirvww; tliie1f!;.'l f:;;, IJ,Q mineralc,gi~ cu!'lfi[1lJlly
or m",o~F,ychual
di!O'
bm!.lo'ru~ thl!: ffi!Il,[lrrill 1!111:ltilC 1!!:il.J!XI;!!CIlil'l.~ 3i'id ~h<l!
l'his .~el~I!oIi~ip i!'dJ'~e~ th:o:! when the Sre, mrll:aililiool mel~. The $l:lrOIifi<,k;1~9?!iI1!e. ~M ~rd~tleoco~llI'Ie, ,~I ths gr~~~veins l>0<g!3~he-l" Q;ln;;:till~,tedl ~ ,;;on'ir..Jollll>: mel't.ilel1ti1'19ll1etwotG-:; t he migll1l!t~.e, Elnre the :!!l:m1M1~ in dl)~llS, (If ItaJIXI,~(lie are~lO!dl 'lljith n;i~~~ted
lni~~ ~ilill ~ormled. tDe stromfl.ic l'ouooromllEliill mel1l!1'C.ro,I'ile, but the 'granittc
",-eiIllS ;!liB OOl, Ma1'ElI'JlU~
Ii!'! U'le~".
m~lt islflteil)1e4ir;od to ha.re ~~ ~ori~n!.~ly:a ~n dr.:tm;;e, from whefe it formed lWIlI91dl~els now rep!F(j=""if:{j by t~ si:rom~ic IfRIi:l!3Is:llM, to tile :l !leJlly dlp'plfll:J
CiiC~adtili9
llli~ic
S1rli.dl.Lir1ii~ now Ire-_pt!l3El3tutoolibytrne lE!tLim~s,.

~(I ~
d:ik'eS\, tlhr{)O!J~wtEl1 ~. '11M .~hen !i)le

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,~I.iml: Rl rt Nav21'o .01',83, l8:lu!.hern Brll.~uny, IFrdJiioo. fb,d( ,r~e; metale:clte mi9l1n<lliite:qJJ~~rofJelltI:pEtlhiCan.alaJmilnOLlI>'~lIi~
a t~.,~lher]
ilt dOBSIiI:J~
.~psar
1,0 1~L..-ict(l:BtnEl:slrDi1iia:lic IlMtD~ifI1Ill\,
The l~rrOlil'lstn)mSliiC ~~9Jme< (!l1Q5! ~em in tile wKi~r domanSj to Idi9lO~da"o1 g-amit{Jimn is pst mtlo9io.~
~If!1P~ !o' 4 lb<!.f,blllQw.ed bJ' tDoli!fl3. :2'a1tr; tlh€l oof:n is;.23 mm ~{j'il3. Mn~ .:lID ~pil',kln' Mil::e 18rowlI!_ mE9'l' plVJiol.lSly plDishedl.;E I~. 1r.Ii'Jl ~lj~ Brow~ inl 1[2006»~I r:eprmru~ Wi~.htile perll1l1~:n o~ Carrlbri~ l!JIr'-r"'8rr~lyPte$..
prQtolitlii
P"Jtralt; mlll~€dl." Tca.6MOC,
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Material corn d'rei~s 3t11O ais
1\,.:liJ~, :~l~~)fr;'iIo':i!i.i'i!l!::: ,n\!'"
---------------------------------131
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fe&:Iitl!l~
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IBrow,n" M. {1900}: FIigh·
te.I'i'ipei'~IJ~e ·~lodo:",II$e" lPhl p;tlls d~opmen~
a'td meltll\il In ~~, !\'Ii ~ego!JaI lIiIi~<!Iil1;~ m ex~'e from ffilith,em ~rma!1lY. fi'llilIre, .biJmafOl'Mela~kk Ge~¥ 8"
sst-sza ..
M<!rci1l1dOln, N. 130. Elr'~!lm, tJI, (~OO): 8Ixtidl disllr;ibution 01 ll'l'f!t,be::f"illl'iJ !;'Inl~mes illl <Imll:ec!ijc rod\s from ooU!ttier!1 8titt~)'; Fi'~~; il!IlP'i~1Qtt$ for !mI~ trO!1l$l'l;Ir <Jj; 9T.JJ"I- ~Q or\:::'§!:HiHI::.3Je:. TeCltli'lop1!ysii:'s354. 215-2:a5.
Brown. 1M!. (MI!iO): iMe~ ~'IIgltiiol'll ~rorn;t
bWElF
colllti·
n~ntill 'Clust 01 afogBfil~: llila 'filllid av[a~t1C$", Ilml EvollJiti<31il m [)i!ifetetl!'tla~n01 !he Confnaltal OJILl~: (tII.IElmWn & I. Flli~me!i ,OO:i),C<mbr~ IUlllIilo'orat,;,'Fr~ UK I m~~),
132, --------------
mj..., !,9JO()!3:JiM!!ETO
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OI~~ilt\I
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F&.g, 64 6. This crnaop'

1
,cf Hm ool4ii;Jw-n &M;;:ny
tlie WifliF!(I51:~ gj I,he systepjl ~owlti! ~ F9r.n~m~ite is oomitl:tMd by tlilliJ'l1 rnrmtb MIOOW'IiIlO 3)Id iits ~nl men<lOO<~rne!, OO~,al~ oorn:<!J1I5 d~'rdaril:bodlat;; ,~f le~o;l;ome alO di~5'ioi t~9J:a1il~ (lI.J~r th J!lJler}, lihe di~l::mdarn Iletlrorome and leuoog!!9i!'cl;\€il1ls comrng,n1r d~lort (;;! ,cll~9"! ~!'! t~1;I ,oon~~ relg!11;11i1i5llip;: wi~lhr ~[l1e11O~ ~ ~ m:a1il:i migmEililS fi'~n;;! ~heill' lel1gtill. MOiSt ,ortl1a dla:nrdatlt bodies 'ofi~!:O line ~·e<C"~o foa~ ,If'I ~'ril ·dim- lO'ne-s, ~ew ,b~cI~ Q'r- qmrnetrbiJJ bm.u;iinr :l F~Ufe;;, WhruOl Illey hlMlli d~dLlSl ~1l'I:~t s 'witnille oost
{dismrd~1
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tI~r::
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mig;. c!lJrii~ :B4S, The
Q;ill'1tilined fur ,~~ !!mill, 'or WIiiTe 15IO,ltd,1;) lila Ih~ mal! ilil! 5 ~1'Ii!!¥ein muki n~~ 1~'It~l~ wittl rnt:il! G~rl~~w~l:rodk~
~ r t N ,~~ ... 'ea,~! hern B!'1!tar!~i [IT'amce.~ !JIPEr. meti!l!eltJte mlg!llililite; qpi~~zo~L1fd~~hic WId dJmi· ~!.bn:
IIlOUSI 'i11el~ ~fflo!olitin p:lilti\!iltJ
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~:Itan ~mpr~ 10 4 k!l.<r. ~I[g~ b,~~oiilll;l~ ,~le:tlle ruler b 15 CII1I!:mg. !n~~ E.W. ~i)ier.
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IiiilJltleraJong.
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the d"lsomdBIlI
oo~
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'I!tmip 1ff13I'gtlS '\I;!inst the I~per~ o~m'l3lallo·
~g. iP$trOrQ~ty ¢Qh'iJiJ.Jo~~\l'I'~h ~I'I@ :s!J·om~t;; IWOOif,D11iIle, as ~OWIl ir!' ~ 845. How~, ale\it \!elm of IBJotIgI'.anlls,sIiDw;;ltd1lif,s~eiTIt iIIB[;a!~I'I~P ~~'Ih~ leng:tlli,
<'Ild'c~,1
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,del' of ImelanoaLImeilrllh,,'host
~atite
('!,Ieinaniline Wtl'o
ald' m~ e~n wnteill1l fr~ents~f '11:Ie 'o'IIailrootK. TM~ pa'"~ Iwlm- di~ rd~iwil1S thus all'lIaiII ..,d!brmoo a;; the
rnigiTia:itoo 8jlitll'liOO: Ih~ EIf~ !'<icloo in mell.bB'w~1
wi men
ptO~ed
itll~ pal~
err Ille 1iIl~:;di1e
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81S
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133
Fig. 647. lIhi~ ~1;I'ir~h

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or
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1"OOl, of ty,.o twaf!~I¢(jJ~ tho pootogroph}oom:istsof
T1'!~ COre- of tlie !'Clld (I()p If s."It o!
ilill'ldmt
lau;;;osorne'i wtiI'di ir(:l~es 111~ I~ ronrtainJ9ij1 " ~ IrOli} tibn Q.f rTilelt, ~ ~he,'o!Wt~ Jlar~ {~e;. I~~ wIciSli'~of ~ thm Ikrfer !l,f m=j".-e quartNidl11 mel,~m1te {F!s:"l" TIiIe ~~rn~e ~ i.l!~r'g:1Il1II;I !imi;l Q~ fig p:;;r!~ Irneltirs ard ~ be re;p'"ded Map.l!l.eorome res'\si1,er Iitho,logy in ~ltIe ~I~e-, ~n oo~tr~. Ihe lPaWle has IUIlO:!e-,f'9)ne e::o:~ten$i'o!eo fN"I'"liw meniflg ,1'IiId h~ ,ge...elope:;:!1iIre1~OJ.tfC I 9~r:1eli· iJ.i1dI
oftllm,p:rro:l:iene·~~ r~lll mdts {A)" TIm
I~'
o~ ~rn~ rn~t In th~ I1r~!iI1~ ~t,r dQnl~oo 1(~..,!n9 lril~~o iii $'!(lond bHOillifCle ~~me'h ~i'i\e. ~"Y ~ Iii~ nnigrH:cd~ ID tile hin~ iml11 a !oWElfi pornim on .~ hefo ~ IliiI1b$ (~o form ~ooor,~~ va.,s or I)1Itodhes}. Time l<tel:)b. ~~~ i5 intte1pr'E;I~ej WI ii!~ fOHi!~ whenl H~O, ~e~ ~
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the
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ml}(a.
IjRid",Ii,,-,il!s,5eitvOO as. m iimpertiis3bfe IIa,-afEDoio'8' Ine IPBlits,. EIIJJ el1l:blecll fMjeetic, mel. 10 ,::mJIITiu'l:3l:e ~ Ihe pelite I~ 1Jttde,y it. In b;)j!i tlheo S'flltofml and a;ljaJant arrtitorrll1l lIin~ I ~I:y, I!he IliTleo~ fr,a;jiioln b~1;l anificio;JnUlfw\m;ino!.!~ iii! the pellte tlil3l the fO~~~rI and! meb!ocrallc r~!J~ br Br:!i lim, It !J~e diB' uptEd a'> II'i9 'fo!d'~tighli11IiE'd_ TIlv.;, ~~'IilI imrpll()Ic.IT1lh~ ,c:I~!)e,)1 in the peli~e Ilap! 8t ttJeo r'O~ hi. Is um~ bnal ~mm lii\at;;;teJ(I!e I~' di<l~e ~m~ til.'e. Alii e~terove dark. rm '~5) ~lllit ,wrm$ priinci,JRJ1y 01 Im'iI tooiii(l ocrn~s ~ ihfl oouDd~''i' b(]~.woorTi1M IlrKIIt..rirn 'p9lit~ !~ erocI1nlil iiTI~ ~iiiitG_ilhis fim, 'ti5ggtlii31r WHb theo e):Jen!Zi",e. r,epla:eme!t11 O,f ~e1.ffilj Q!nIflOlp)!rm:J:iM ~ Ib.b~iW in too rB£idi..ioil roci<:s, pO!o'id9 furthw ,E:'ii1i!onoo
!1:l~o1,{1llthe- llJ-CJr!--W~ a:e~,n OO!utI;;jao be ~I~ a wilil) t hal cro~!;I,lhe mkldle of the photosr~ tiD 1}. 'The. db I~ ~r.medl iil'lllli~ ~o rmn .amI r~ orleirn:ed SJbp~all~1 to t hs' axi1a'l ~ of too foICl.. .i!i. 93tDf..d IEtitDrrEilK': d\1Ke. {1!)2) ~1l::S.penetlrated Ill) Ill'I:]re 111m :90 em il1llJ!) ~Ite rTlilIi~ mitel oCClJlr~ to the rlg-lI, and oonlirms ~ha tlil.s wlJrrCQ ol~h80 melt 'fo'~ the ~~~ r~"e!'; l;ie~llh~ lerJif1i It;I'~I;l;II;l"iill~ ,.;:I~ O~ veilm Is. ~iJIDP'iaI!l, .Alii mea;e in pe5llJroe 0 n dMl m~ in
tha, pglitEi I¥r ~'~IM 'lord tlj'Mal'it2d rMj("'~ a"i~,t"'i!i
fO:fm31i6n afldl I)FOP<!(IE'tiQn,Q~ the frartliiFe t 11f'Ougn WfIUI 9:lrrJa' aj~liiIe megn.a. \V,as retlle to a~, Tlila dikEl,ooililtC'liI'lS
bbtiiill,;,oomo ilqUOOUS liluid thus 'l't1l;'; Im~~ as too ~, [iii I nlil db cry8!,aIl~1 arotI Iri3a::1,Eiti wi! ill UtBgatiB Iii !o·f,jjri ~he Ibb~ile rim, The ~e re5lsQFI.!il8I1.eo.'I tlilBi is loeoJ:e:;I, zone olil~hg 9l'iIl!3p\r{!ht ~10li1Ik~ tnm SfIli;}.rIrt o
re\!er~ r~
c:rystedSoJ pnet. OOme ""'In~ h~ ,e. nm Qr of
Material corn d'rei~s a~.d{l[ais
-134 --------------
IF+OM ~~Ot9JI~tll ro lmJ'OOCI'I,nmC ill !i(~li~
~~!:G'Mj\,[lr~
U:ocaI'&);!]: Wul'lBIa H i~s: AHIf'lta Inlier, l\I:i:ilra'ia Rxk i'ype.: l~n;C1¢ ,dike in a me1O!ie'iillte 1l1I~"i!e: t'iliet~li~~ Pfl;ltQ[rth, pa'~ii!iI!i; el!ed <t T\82c5~75<C, p~ 51kbar; ~~; m the ruler 615, CIiI1 !o:rg ,Iril'mge:IGW. f9,Yl(er;
Ml,nw rl}~rJ1rg..~yt'f, e!.W" OOllrhow9i:i, WJ ml)8~:IMo~ement l;Ii' Imelt dl,Jrr~ ~rl;l~~

.oerorm1fiii:m
Gr~es:
(!OJ
C. 8. Q:;lIi~, ~~~ .
gr,nl~~,!7f<c1e~ ~roit::w:~ m e_:('lfIlp!e ftolfrl Hw Wi1I!uma ,"Uls, ~trdAi1I~rgi<1:, m U!ldil;!r$I:$!i~

intega:11'ii'l INJ,eiiY
Gastrro, c., FeI'~ & J,L Vi9nQf~: &1'~y; <$~ A.·bt~liGnl66, ,'2'I-'2.~["
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135
FTg., El4e;. O"rer~1 \111a1« oj the, !IiIigr:m!tili~e ou~~,~p ~Wll in Rg. 847, !ml'l r~o~ ~o"'~~; lool!:hg d'a:Wil tile, hfng~ Q~ the fOrd$. ir..e two diloiE!j;i~D1 a1!d D2)i ~h~ eii1iIe<i9~ from the :i"Blltic l[lfer illl Itle ,~(l~m ern be' seerl if! the Telt hvJi of t~ r;ihol(lgr~i.~\;;:t 10 the r19111lille ~a\ ~I 0:1I !ita o Q:impleme!1f!a-y o:,n.ljf;oFm ii~j\J!Oll; ¥i*,1", :.;t! h..,. '1;I~!rlf)me' righl~" TIglI1, Iffl"Drf~ C2I'I be seen ill ihe fIi'le'lape[ite.;n.her~ erirg! Ih.tt i;:,fg~ ~'~,o;)t!li!bim~ibfl df l;Jiotit~rid1J pel~iei. letirooolmle, ElJ'ldbiotite + ga'11e1 + orli1Dp¥"el!!ene
mala"iOeJme- matet'~~
L~,I1i1I'1::WuliJ!iI1:G1 H1i11!i, ~~rur.ta Io'!i~; ALBniia Rlck,p; Iwoocrdie dike in a. ~~<I1!e;tjile mlQlll~il.e= me!~i~i~ Pfo~oli~lli pai~lai1ym~eJ at :riB~Ht'5'C! PC<t. f1 ~Ii!. ~Ie: tb r~ef la '15on brg~IlI'~: IE.W. ~r. ~
81S
M.Jterial com drenos aororais

Atlas of Migmatites Por Edward William Sawyer-Mineralogical Association of Canada-National Research Council Canada-National Research Council Canada. Monograph Publishing Program

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Atlas of Migmatites Por Edward William Sawyer-Mineralogical Association of Canada-National Research Council Canada-National Research Council Canada. Monograph Publishing Program

Transféré par

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Formats disponibles

A 1.1 r:iaml~~' r~3'Gn\i.

M.3teri.31com d reitos aetorais

.A.c'k!ilowl:edgem,en1s __'"'_, __ """__ ,

,__ '" ;.:;!;{

_'"' __ """"" ,6 '"'_9

T!te' Q<¥ ~~-me.~~~I1!:!l' Prnf:eSS

...,"'_"'_._,.""., •. _,..."'", ..,..,__ ,..,"""._,,.", ..,"._ ..,..,"""_,""",,,,.,~,,,,,,",, __,",,",,,_",,,",,",_.,",

case: I~·telling uLllIder Iilho~~liI::SiJe'S1;00 nallilcm!i jro-cal!ed ~9i;j1c mellfng') "'",." ..

,3,1)illfle rn~!ile!"~: ,~;

mel! 1!1(J oru;je~ (j'Merte~li<!l 51t~

"r:I:tn<l1fi!iC 01)~mM1'~,._ .,.,_,,",_,.,,_,",.n, ,_._." __ ,,_ _ ._ __

mig£lalilors "',,., -~,.,_=.".,

, 115 1M ~l·!;;tf~1:~rw mi'fJllilli~~ ".."'""=,-"""'~...-~'"''''.,~.''"'.,,.-''"''''=.''"'"'' .•

T~a:lmo~Uo" im ~M'!TK'm;#!~il'-01'mel£t,ec~jle!it.uml'!.i:i"tes -.'"""" ... ,,-,-,_-,-'"""'.~.'"".,,-, a

'__ '__ '_'

. .• ..~,., .... ,,,.,.,,._. ,., , ""'.,.~"".,."._.""'. "'_,. ._,.'16 __

olJiLIll~ii!IJ'1iil:~ElI!l8'S -'~- __ =_-"--'_-'~_=c~"_=_-_=_-_="_~_=_~"_"__1_9

Material corn d'rei~$ 3t1lnlais

.fL1 A. 1JO::s_I::te ~eooe

3& ':57' 37'

!lB, 1LH\!g<lJ1:irni1;ib~eptrer.enHilrorn ...'_-, _,,__ ,__

The J~latii::irIi'l~p be1w,eeffi~b~lfju[i;:seocleg--atibl'il.<lI'Itl i'fi19ii"i~IMS ",";,__ ,_",,,-,_~,",".~,-,-,,_.-,~,",.,~~~

7/3 SITmn~~!e fu11iIYr~ of !ii'.!!w;l!'dm,~eg;o!~m;

rnf,881.IDIi'Id imIE!f1?a .._"._'". __ ,_,~,

__ .__ .__ ,_,

,_,~ __ ,_.~ __ ,_, 51

~h!:ctO:tl~cr:e'SI;<IlliZtl1ro~oj htf10 plut·Clltic r,ock~ ~'"

,.".,. -. ""' .. 'v ,. ,.. ..

tJi1I'il:s ,..,-',_,_ ...,_ .. _,.", ..,- ",..",."',.,', ... :, .."."_,._"'

..,~.__ ... _"._, ..,,...,.. ,'_,

.6<$Qtlhgf' C(I'i'!!;id\i:o.r:<ilh~~~ il;lr MR!1l9 tt1,g!l1!~:~~: n'~~

.."c".,u,,'''.' ... ~..n.~~~

Material corn d'rei~$ 3t1lnlais

9'.11CI1:f!d(il~ ~11{~bsstv<liiomrsIOr ,~,

__ '''''"'_'_'' ._,_,",__ ,",",._.'_"',"' __ 57

:W'!!!lt!\fl~r~~,l]rri" ili1Ji81i!1<1l'i:os,",__ '", ~

B. T'~e lP':alrt:SO~,iilimigm,rtUe ~'"'- '-'"'~==~-'.

_.-'"'-- ~,=,-.~~.-=,=-~,=,~=,~-.~~. -.-'"'-.-.-,.,.,~-

NI E!O!l)t~.~, .<jlD r!iffl~iII-~' _ _......... .. ...,.

C, M (I~ ;;rtI)[I!!.~"a~d d!<lt'~~11:~~", f!t~,st··Otd,l\Ii!' t h'~ ,d!viSlo~1(l,f m ~gm;l1.tiJi!ji!)liS ~

Miimlo-lJ i~i!)~from tile {~H1t,td aJrwll€l a~the Bail;sdhu'liSh,loooolJIS Comti!O:>::=,LJ100er o'lfIlph[boli~e

_.,_,. -'"'"'- _ "_" 'j50

",_,," ,_,,_'"'llm MI£ltll00:i~~ mf;jmatiti!'S'i'!,1[th ap"'dh fiJet<lexiHlliriI'qinOltne-s: SlnrlL}!!Il.,_.c ..,~,_,... ,~,.c.

witH :a.liileDufll:rc S'I.tlU01IL1r13 ._.,_. _

MI(I;M:t')(i~;(lliti'Igm:lIt".~wlith ~fJl!IOOrom(liii! d!kd~1 stWC~lJIros _,~,_,_~

fl;M~exi~e !iTi!gm .. iteo~'toI~;ill~ed [H~~te m~~il'~wilili

~lO~en MdIW!t~1~~;i!!O!pm$tti\j¢li,lf~!>'''~''"_''_~''n.. '='~'''~''='_~''n'. :007

iD'I<I1l'9:ite, rn'QIIla! ,I ,90S wll hi s:tlfr.-erer~:::ttljc;~Utes

Material corn d'rei~$

:8J:lMr;,n~ite mOrpll,')r",g;'S~O'lHaoeilv;!!mEjatiex~~e~i'e'd"fI'~~nl .mlCl"stnJCtl!Jr~ Img,'1i\;j.il~

F1i:r:g!!!!:;rJ;i'o rrigm:;rj;~e'S _,-,,-,_

fl1lLfi: of ~lli.lidl inUJJ:;;O!'fl!~1d

5.• 1Micro.st rlliSl:llt r:es. in m frgm.a.tUe's .._~'"U"U''''_,~_'"U'u._'''u''' u

~,.2' Q'~8Jlmai i",e; ~aW!3. .. 1r11f!{lajr.'oo,n.l~

ci's:I;(ij:;JyHatl~,••~,... ,,,,.,. .,.,,,"

a:OOiesClfgran; ,di!e.<I'JleCit ra b,.and orioolalJol'I .'"'~_~~,_~'"'~,~~~.~'"'~'"'~~.".'"'~

m.u.. '.'" .. _..... "

Mi~o!itr!'l,.tjLJJ[g! !i!~.w~i:m J¥II"l~mi!l~j.lilg ~~RBjJ:(Iil_~.t_§,._.,-,-, .. "~-,~~,.,--,

!M'iDfI~9!~u:;I.un!:S ., he residual ~od;:s.ald e.<idellrn3 'fClt"panfd lll'l.e!itilil!.l "' lin

Mi~~~ ~liXiU;res lin .~ne mell~'ir i~

pai'I:!Hil mkmEt~'e-s: ,~~

for' 'C!Y5!al!il<illi()o~1 'I:!f!ejif,ell. __ _.. :;e ,t/J!

Material corn d'rei~$ 3t1lnlais

E'. '0 t he,r InOlrlphC!l~'o!ltTe,s,cf m i'gllll aUte

.A.c'k!ilowl:edgem,en1s __'"'_, """ ,

T!te' Q<¥ -me.~I1!:!l' Prnf:eSS

' ' '_'

!lB, 1LH\!g<lJ1:irni1;ib~eptrer.enHilrorn ...'_-, _,, ,

. .__ ,_,

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