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1. Generation of Amplitude Modulation

AIM: To perform the generation of Amplitude Modulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: A) Hardware Tools B) Software Tool Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=100000; % Carrier frequency fs=1000000; % Sampling frequency f=1000; % Tone modulation m=0.5; % Modulation index A=1/m; % Amplitude of carrier signal opt=-A; t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs)); % Gives exact two cycles of modulating signal x=cos(2*pi*f*t); y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt); subplot(2,2,1); plot(x); title('modulating signal-time domain') % Modulating signal subplot(2,2,2); plot(y); title('DSB-C signal-time domain, m=0.5') % Under modulation m=1.0; opt=-1/m; y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt); subplot(2,2,3); plot(y); title('DSB-C signal-time domain, m=1.0') % Critical modulation m=1.2; opt=-1/m; y=modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-tc',opt); subplot(2,2,4); plot(y); title('DSB-C signal-time domain, m=1.2') % Over modulation : : Computer system (Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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2. Generation of Amplitude DSB-SC Modulation

AIM: To perform the generation of Amplitude DSB-SC Modulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=2000; % Carrier frequency fs=10000; % Sampling frequency f=200; % Single tone modulation t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs)); x=cos(2*pi*f*t); y1 = modulate(x,fc,fs,'amdsb-sc'); f1 = abs(fft(y1, 1024)); f1 = [f1(514:1024) f1(1:513)]; f=(-511*fs/1024):(fs/1024):(512*fs/1024); subplot(1,2,1); plot(f,f1); title('DSB-SC spetrum for single tone modulation, f=200,fc=2000,fs=10000'); xlabel('FREQUENCY IN Hz'); ylabel('AMPLITUDE'); f1=200; f2=400; % Two tone modulation x2=cos(2*pi*f1*t)+cos(2*pi*f2*t) y2 = modulate(x2,fc,fs,'amdsb-sc'); f2 = abs(fft(y2, 1024)); f2 = [f2(514:1024) f2(1:513)]; subplot(1,2,2); plot(f,f2); title('DSB-SC spetrum for two tone modulation, f=200 & 400,fc=2000,fs=10000'); xlabel('FREQUENCY IN Hz'); ylabel('AMPLITUDE'); Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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3. Generation of Amplitude SSB-SC Modulation

AIM: To perform the generation of Amplitude SSB-SC Modulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=2000; % Carrier frequency fs=10000; % Sampling frequency f=200; % Single tone modulation t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs)); x=cos(2*pi*f*t); y1 = modulate(x,fc,fs,'amssb'); f1 = abs(fft(y1, 1024)); f1 = [f1(514:1024) f1(1:513)]; f=(-511*fs/1024):(fs/1024):(512*fs/1024); subplot(1,2,1); plot(f,f1); title('SSB spetrum for single tone modulation, f=200,fc=2000,fs=10000'); xlabel('FREQUENCY IN Hz'); ylabel('AMPLITUDE'); f1=200; f2=400; % Two tone modulation x2=cos(2*pi*f1*t)+cos(2*pi*f2*t) y2 = modulate(x2,fc,fs,'amssb'); f2 = abs(fft(y2, 1024)); f2 = [f2(514:1024) f2(1:513)]; f=(-511*fs/1024):(fs/1024):(512*fs/1024); subplot(1,2,2); plot(f,f2); title('SSB spetrum for two tone modulation, f=200 & 400 ,fc=2000,fs=10000'); xlabel('FREQUENCY IN Hz'); ylabel('AMPLITUDE'); Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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4. Generation of Frequency Modulation

AIM: To perform the generation of Frequency Modulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=10000; % Carrier frequency fs=100000; % Sampling frequency f1=200;f2=500; t=0:1/fs:((2/f1)-(1/fs)); x1=cos(2*pi*f1*t); x2=cos(2*pi*f1*t)+cos(2*pi*f2*t); kf=2*pi*(fc/fs)*(1/max(max(x1))); kf=kf*(f1/fc); opt=10*kf; y1=modulate(x1,fc,fs,'fm',opt); subplot(2,2,1); plot(x1); title('original single tone message,fs=100000') subplot(2,2,2); plot(y1); title('time domain fm,singletone,fc=10000,fm=200,dev=10*fm') fx1=abs(fft(y1,1024)); fx1=[fx1(514:1024) fx1(1:513)]; f=(-511*fs/1024):(fs/1024):(512*fs/1024); subplot(2,2,3); plot(f,fx1); title('freq. description,single tone,dev=10*fm') x1_recov=demod(y1,fc,fs,'fm',opt); subplot(2,2,4); plot(x1_recov); title('time domain recovered,single tone,dev=30*fm') Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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5. Verification of Sampling Theorem

AIM: To perform and verification of sampling theorem using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; % over sampling : fs > 2fm fm=100; fs=600; t=0:1/fs:((10/fm)-(1/fs)); x=sin(2*pi*fm*t); fx=fft(x,64); xr=ifft(fx,64); f=(-31*fs/64):(fs/64):(32*fs/64); fx=[fx(34:64) fx(1:33)]; subplot(231),stem(x),title('sampled signal, fm=100, fs=600'); subplot(232),stem(f,abs(fx)), axis([-300 300 0 30]); title('frequency spectrum, fm=100,fs=600'); subplot(233),stem(xr),title('recovered signal, fm=100, fs=600'); % under sampling : fs < 2fm fm=400; x=sin(2*pi*fm*t); fx=fft(x, 64); xr=ifft(fx,64); fx=[fx(34:64) fx(1:33)]; subplot(234),stem(x),title('sampled signal, fm=400, fs=600'); subplot(235),stem(f,abs(fx)), axis([-300 300 0 30]); title('frequency spectrum, fm=400,fs=600'); subplot(233),stem(xr),title('recovered signal, fm=400, fs=600'); Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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6. Generation of Time Division Multiplexing

AIM: To perform the generation of Time Division Multiplexing using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; % Signal generation x=0:.5:4*pi; sig1=8*sin(x); l=length(sig1); sig2=8*triang(l); % Display of Both Signal subplot(2,3,1); plot(sig1); title('Sinusoidal Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); subplot(2,3,2); plot(sig2); title('Triangular Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); % Display of Both Sampled Signal subplot(2,3,3); stem(sig1); title('Sampled Sinusoidal Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); subplot(2,3,4); stem(sig2); title('Sampled Triangular Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); l1=length(sig1); l2=length(sig2); for i=1:l1
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Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

% siganal taken upto 4pi % generate 1st sinusoidal signal % Generate 2nd traingular Sigal

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sig(1,i)=sig1(i); sig(2,i)=sig2(i); end

% Making Both row vector to a matrix

% TDM of both quantize signal tdmsig=reshape(sig,1,2*l1); % Display of TDM Signal figure stem(tdmsig); title('TDM Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); % Demultiplexing of TDM Signal demux=reshape(tdmsig,2,l1); for i=1:l1 sig3(i)=demux(1,i); % Converting The matrix into row vectors sig4(i)=demux(2,i); end % display of demultiplexed signal figure subplot(2,1,1) plot(sig3); title('Recovered Sinusoidal Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->'); subplot(2,1,2) plot(sig4); title('Recovered Triangular Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->'); xlabel('Time--->');

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7. Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation

AIM: To perform Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=1000; % Carrier frequency fs=10000; % Sampling frequency f1=200; % Single tone modulation t=0:1/fs:((2/f1)-(1/fs)); x1=0.4*cos(2*pi*f1*t)+0.5; %single tone message to be [0,1] y1=modulate(x1,fc,fs,'pwm'); subplot(3,1,1); plot(x1); title(' single tone message, f1=200,fs=10000'); subplot(3,1,2); plot(y1); axis([0 500 -0.2 1.2]); title('pwm, one cycle of f1, fc=1000,f1=200'); x1_recov=demod(y1,fc,fs,'pwm'); subplot(3,1,3); plot(x1_recov); title('time domain recovered,single tone, f1=200'); Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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8. Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation

AIM: To perform Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation using MATLAB. Apparatus Required: a)Hardware Tools : b)Software Tool : Program: clc; close all; clear all; fc=1000; % Carrier frequency fs=10000; % Sampling frequency f1=200; % Single tone modulation t=0:1/fs:((2/f1)-(1/fs)); x1=0.4*cos(2*pi*f1*t)+0.5; %single tone message to be [0,1] y1=modulate(x1,fc,fs,'ppm'); subplot(2,2,1); plot(x1); title(' single tone message, f1=200,fs=10000'); subplot(2,2,2); plot(y1); axis([0 500 -0.2 1.2]); title('ppm, one cycle of f1, fc=1000,f1=200'); x1_recov=demod(y1,fc,fs,'ppm'); subplot(2,2,3); plot(x1_recov); title('time domain recovered,single tone, f1=200'); Computer system(Pentium IV) MATLAB 7.0 (Signal Processing Tool)

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