Apple II Original ROM Info

Apple II Original ROM Information
Source http://members.buckeye-express.com/marksm/6502/ 27 June 2004 The 6502 Firmware Page
This site is mostly about the firmware -- software in ROM -- that came with the original Apple II, not the II+, IIe, IIc, or IIgs. The original Apple II had 4K of RAM and 8K of ROM. The ROM contains software, such as the Monitor and Integer BASIC, appropriate for a SBC. Red Book refers to the original Apple II Reference Manual dated 1978. WOZPAK refers to the WOZPAK II, a publication by Call-A.P.P.L.E., an Apple II user group. DDJ refers to Dr. Dobbs Journal, a computer magazine. IA refers to Interface Age, a publication of the SCCS (Southern California Computer Society). SYM and AIM refer to early 6502 single board computers. Contents * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Apple II ROM (12 KB binary) Memory map of the Apple II ROMs Summary of Monitor Commands Red Book Monitor listing Red Book Sweet-16 listing WOZPAK Sweet-16 article by Steve Wozniak WOZPAK Sweet-16 article by Dick Sedgewick Red Book Mini-Assembler listing Red Book Floating point listing WOZPAK Floating point routines description DDJ Floating point article IA Floating point article SYM Monitor listing AIM Monitor listing AIM BASIC Language Reference Manual
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Questions or comments? Email me at paulrsm@buckeye-express.com -----------------------------------------------------------------------Updates * 2000-09-01 -- Added AIM BASIC Language Reference Manual
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Apple II ROM (12 KB binary) +-----------------------------------------------------------------------File ............. Fork ............. Size (bytes) ..... Created .......... Modified ......... D/000000: D/000010: D/000020: D/000030: D/000040: D/000050: D/000060: D/000070: D/000080: D/000090: D/0000A0: D/0000B0: D/0000C0: D/0000D0: D/0000E0: D/0000F0: D/000100: D/000110: D/000120: D/000130: D/000140: D/000150: D/000160: D/000170: D/000180: D/000190: D/0001A0: D/0001B0: D/0001C0: D/0001D0: D/0001E0: D/0001F0: D/000200: D/000210: D/000220: D/000230: D/000240: D/000250: D/000260: D/000270: D/000280: D/000290: D/0002A0: D/0002B0: D/0002C0: D/0002D0: A9208D26 851CAD26 A2D0C8D0 038E2003 85266885 A527291F 6904C8E9 984AAD24 26253051 C0853060 A51C0AC9 0A498030 18A55129 2A03A97F 26451C25 65532903 D1D02206 12692348 02691F66 EAD1D0F3 A5266950 0269E066 8D220368 B00A6849 68855085 03900449 50AAA9FF D038A554 451C2530 53B0DA20 5150D981 E1D4C5B4 2729032A 29070D22 AACAA530 25039003 4A4A4A4A 0FAABCEC A11A8551 65508554 900320D9 1AD002E6 4A4A4A85 AABCECD1 1A8551A2 50855490 "a2rom.bin" DATA 12,288 (12KB) / $00003000 Sunday, December 8, 2002 -- 8:47:53 PM Sunday, December 8, 2002 -- 8:47:53 PM 03AD57C0 03851BA0 F6E61BA5 8C210348 270A0A0A 0D260385 07B0FB8C 03851CB0 26912660 881002A0 C01006A5 DCA981C8 04F027A9 25301012 30D003EE C9026AB0 26B01A2C A52669B0 2669FC85 06269019 49F0F002 2690D048 4838ED20 FF690148 54688D20 FF69FE85 E551851D 65528554 51269126 F9D018A5 82848890 A18D7861 05260A0A 038D2203 297FE84A EE21038D 85538A29 D1C88452 A2808654 900420D8 D0CAD0E5 1BA11AD0 538A290F C88452AC 80865486 0420C0D0 AD53C0AD 00841AA5 1B291FD0 29C08526 26270A26 278AC000 2503AABD 2960202E 1024A530 27A9C085 1C497F85 C02890DF 7F253031 18A55129 2A035126 8F303018 F3D0F005 B00269F0 276018A5 69E0182C 49F08526 A9008D20 03488AED A900E553 038E2103 528C2203 AC2503B0 A555E900 E8D004E6 54655085 A0C01CFF 493118FF 0A8D2203 AD25030A D0FC8D21 20036086 0FAABCEB AC2503A2 8655AE27 D018A555 A5514A4A C960861A AABCEBD1 2503A200 55AE2703 18A55565 50C0A900 1C911A20 EE608D22 4A4A0526 270A6626 F005A023 EAD08530 D0A51C51 4AB00549 308C2503 1C60A530 A000B0DB 26D01BEE 04F00FB1 9126A551 A5272CEA 691F38B0 852668B0 2769042C 2ED1F013 AD260390 038D2103 21038553 85518555 9818ED22 665338E5 050A2088 8555B126 1DF06BA5 54A55565 FEFAF4EC A5260AA5 A5274A4A 6D25030A 038A186D 1A841BAA D1845049 008E2A03 03A55438 65528555 4AD0D3E6 841BAA4A 8450490F 8E2A03A1 A5543865 52855590 [...&..W..S..P...] [...&............] [.........)...`."] [.....!.H)..&JJ.&] [.&h.'...&'.&'.f&] [.')..&..'......#] [i.......%......0] [.J.$....)`.....Q] [&%0Q&.&`.$.0J..I] [..0`....'...0.%.] [.........I...`.0] [.I.0.....(......] [..Q)..'..%01&...] [*...%0....Q)....] [&E.%0...*.Q&.&.Q] [eS)...j..00..',.] [..".&..,....i.8.] [.i#H.&i...i..&h.] [.i.f&i..'`..'i.,] [.....&..i..,....] [.&iPI...I..&.&..] [.i.f&..H......!.] [.".hH8...H..!..S] [..hI.i.H...S.Q.U] [h.P.Th....!...."] [...I.i..R.".fS8.] [P....Q...%......] [.8.TeR.T.U...U.&] [E.%0Q&.&......k.] [S.......TeP.T.Ue] [QP..............] [......xaI1...&..] [').*.&...."..'JJ] [)..".."..%..m%..] [...0)..J...!...m] [%....!....`.....] [JJJJ.S.)......PI] [.......R.%....*.] [...Q...T.U.'..T8] [eP.T.......UeR.U] [.........QJJJ...] [.........`.....J] [JJJ.S.)......PI.] [......R.%....*..] [..Q...T.U.'..T8e] [P.T.......UeR.U.]
D/0002E0: D/0002F0: D/000300: D/000310: D/000320: D/000330: D/000340: D/000350: D/000360: D/000370: D/000380: D/000390: D/0003A0: D/0003B0: D/0003C0: D/0003D0: D/0003E0: D/0003F0: D/000400: D/000410: D/000420: D/000430: D/000440: D/000450: D/000460: D/000470: D/000480: D/000490: D/0004A0: D/0004B0: D/0004C0: D/0004D0: D/0004E0: D/0004F0: D/000500: D/000510: D/000520: D/000530: D/000540: D/000550: D/000560: D/000570: D/000580: D/000590: D/0005A0: D/0005B0: D/0005C0: D/0005D0: D/0005E0: D/0005F0: D/000600: D/000610: D/000620: D/000630: D/000640: D/000650:
0320D9D0 D002E61B AFD34820 D24C7DD0 D38A4898 602090D3 AE230360 608E2303 D348AD28 D3F039A2 18A8B11A A016B14A 4AAAC8B1 0D2092D3 FDFEA900 3D8D2903 843E853F CD20FAFC 2089F6B0 19CE00C9 3A26E0D7 07307600 A9BE20ED 8CF62B3C 6BE3ECDC E7673D25 07F5C72C 09DA02F5 DC06F108 06BA1D74 4E00CC38 CC287C00 02C9AAD0 60A002B1 CAD00CA5 89F622D6 0B9142E8 A0D54CB0 E8F0F720 D5A6D860 FCA02420 F00E452E EAEAEAC1 20DAFDA9 FDA9A920 8DF9038C 4CB0D5A9 850049FF 84068408 09CAD0F6 DAFD9820 D0E4E607 0CE60CA5 0DA50DC5 0BCAD0D5 0D8509A5
CAD0E5A5 A11AD0C9 9AD36820 AD25034A AA20AFD3 4C10D020 20F9D220 A0322092 03851AAD 00C11AF0 651AAAC8 D01688B1 4AA8E018 C9C0B0F4 853C8D28 65CFB025 C8D00269 A9032002 3334F400 3536213B 03384AA9 A501A600 FDA517A6 A23B0DD1 02F419B0 3B211C2C 771B2800 F76705FC 13FDFD06 00BD0901 19CA0069 60A9DCA0 0CE634A2 3C990B00 0B290DF0 020626B1 20B4FCC6 D586D838 1EF12054 20FAFCA9 FDFCB0F9 852E20BA 3CF0EB48 A020EDFD EDFDA98D FA03A94C 0020D0D5 8501A53D 840AA63E A63EB106 8AD6A500 CAD0DFA6 012045D6 3E90ECA5 608502A5 029108B1
514A4A4A 602090D3 2ED0AE23 2090D320 A8682064 F9D22051 51D3209A D38D2703 2903851B 02B0310A B11A6D29 4A608E23 E90190ED 608E2303 031865CE C4CA48E5 01844A85 FFAE2303 2089F618 3CC93739 396AD302 201BE5A9 16201BE5 02C2004C 001AC000 A23C2BB6 1C67FC08 F747DB06 0F1D2400 B03C01D1 7C0020DF D44CB0D5 07B53C95 8810F820 142908D0 0202A436 2F10F490 A2FFB54D D5A20120 1620C9FC 20FDFCA0 FCA03490 202DFF20 A9A820ED 4CEDFDA9 8DF80360 A9FF20D0 85078509 A5009108 C500F013 208AD668 3EA50191 A5002045 00910AE6 0A450C85 0AC501F0
D0D3E61A 8D240320 036020F9 75D0209A D1AE2303 D3203BD2 D2AE2303 A0282092 A0202092 9003E61B 03A86860 03A005B1 4C68EEA0 201EF120 A8A90885 CB68B01D 4B84CC85 604C6BE3 4C006838 29D80346 2AD40202 AD20EDFD 208EFD20 68EE004C 27D80363 03076BBD E547D902 F71C5D00 DD0609F0 2089F61C F02089F6 A434B900 02CA10F9 8EF8A62F 10850D20 00A200B5 C460A954 F5CB95CF 2CF12054 852E20FA 3B20ECFC F04C26FF 92FDB13C FD6820DA 8D4CEDFD A9C3A0D5 D54C3AFF 850BA000 C8D0FBE6 48A50720 2092D6C8 0A840D84 D6060C26 0AD0DAE6 08A50B45 E748A50B
[........QJJJ....] [........`....$..] [..H...h....#.`..] [.L}..%.J....u...] [..H......h.d..#.] [`...L......Q..;.] [.#.`....Q.....#.] [`.#..2....'..(..] [.H.(....).......] [..9.......1.....] [....e.....m)..h`] [...J....J`.#....] [J...J.......Lh..] [........`.#.....] [.....<.(..e.....] [=.).e..%..H..h..] [.>.?...i..J.K...] [..........#.`Lk.] [....34......L.h8] [....56!;<.79)..F] [:&...8J.9j..*...] [.0v.............] [................] [..+<.;.....Lh..L] [k...........'..c] [.g=%;!.,.<+...k.] [...,w.(..g...G..] [.....g...G....].] [..........$.....] [...t.....<......] [N..8...i|.......] [.(|.`....L...4..] [......4...<.....] [`...<........../] [.....)...)......] [.."...&....6....] [..B...../....`.T] [..L....8...M....] [.......T....,..T] [...`............] [..$.........;...] [..E.......4..L&.] [....<..H.-.....<] [.............h..] [........L....L..] [.......L...`....] [L............L:.] [..I....=........] [.......>........] [.....>......H...] [...........h....] [........>.......] [......E....E...&] [....>...........] [....`....E.....E] [.............H..]
D/000660: D/000670: D/000680: D/000690: D/0006A0: D/0006B0: D/0006C0: D/0006D0: D/0006E0: D/0006F0: D/000700: D/000710: D/000720: D/000730: D/000740: D/000750: D/000760: D/000770: D/000780: D/000790: D/0007A0: D/0007B0: D/0007C0: D/0007D0: D/0007E0: D/0007F0: D/000800: D/000810: D/000820: D/000830: D/000840: D/000850: D/000860: D/000870: D/000880: D/000890: D/0008A0: D/0008B0: D/0008C0: D/0008D0: D/0008E0: D/0008F0: D/000900: D/000910: D/000920: D/000930: D/000940: D/000950: D/000960: D/000970: D/000980: D/000990: D/0009A0: D/0009B0: D/0009C0: D/0009D0:
20DAFDA5 4CCB02A5 8AD6202D EDFD840F 850EA007 50A9C469 A9B120ED 4C85D6B0 06840788 A021200E 8403A011 48C8B14A 02D005E6 32D7D0EB 0560EA4C 020AA8B9 D0F9B996 8500A900 D098EAEA EA4C94D7 C3C3B8B8 7B7B7474 4D4E4949 30312E2E 1E1F1D1D 13141212 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
0A208AD6 0920DAFD FFA98D4C 850E208A 460E9023 0020EDFD FDB9D3D6 B9B8B7B6 98D00EA0 D7850884 200ED785 A868604C 03D00560 A400AD30 46D788F0 96D78500 D738E500 38EDFE02 4C87D7E6 D0EC0000 AEAEA4A4 6D6E6768 45454141 2B2C2929 1B1C1A1A 11111010 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
A501910A A508208A EDFD20DA D6202DFF A9A020ED A9AD20ED 20EDFD88 B5B4B3B2 1A200ED7 09A00820 0484054C 4ED7A401 EA4C2CD7 C0E602D0 D14C4CD7 ADFD024A 8501C8B9 8503A900 02D005E6 F6F6E8E8 9B9B9292 61625C5C 3D3E3A3A 26272425 18191717 0F100E0F FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
208AD668 D6A50220 FDA9A04C A500450E FDA53DC9 FD98D005 10D6A40F B1A00084 85068407 0ED78502 08D4B14A AD30C0E6 88F0054C 05E603D0 D0EBADFF F0044600 96D76500 8502A501 03D00560 DBDBCFCF 8A8A8282 57575252 36373334 22232021 15161415 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
[...............h] [L...............] [...-...L.......L] [..........-...E.] [....F..#......=.] [P..i............] [................] [L...............] [................] [.!..............] [...........L...J] [H..J.h`LN....0..] [.......`.L,....L] [2......0........] [.`.LF....LL.....] [...........J..F.] [.....8........e.] [....8...........] [....L..........`] [.L..............] [................] [{{ttmnghab\\WWRR] [MNIIEEAA=>::6734] [01..+,))&'$%"#.!] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................]
D/0009E0: D/0009F0: D/000A00: D/000A10: D/000A20: D/000A30: D/000A40: D/000A50: D/000A60: D/000A70: D/000A80: D/000A90: D/000AA0: D/000AB0: D/000AC0: D/000AD0: D/000AE0: D/000AF0: D/000B00: D/000B10: D/000B20: D/000B30: D/000B40: D/000B50: D/000B60: D/000B70: D/000B80: D/000B90: D/000BA0: D/000BB0: D/000BC0: D/000BD0: D/000BE0: D/000BF0: D/000C00: D/000C10: D/000C20: D/000C30: D/000C40: D/000C50: D/000C60: D/000C70: D/000C80: D/000C90: D/000CA0: D/000CB0: D/000CC0: D/000CD0: D/000CE0: D/000CF0: D/000D00: D/000D10: D/000D20: D/000D30: D/000D40: D/000D50:
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
[................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................]
D/000D60: D/000D70: D/000D80: D/000D90: D/000DA0: D/000DB0: D/000DC0: D/000DD0: D/000DE0: D/000DF0: D/000E00: D/000E10: D/000E20: D/000E30: D/000E40: D/000E50: D/000E60: D/000E70: D/000E80: D/000E90: D/000EA0: D/000EB0: D/000EC0: D/000ED0: D/000EE0: D/000EF0: D/000F00: D/000F10: D/000F20: D/000F30: D/000F40: D/000F50: D/000F60: D/000F70: D/000F80: D/000F90: D/000FA0: D/000FB0: D/000FC0: D/000FD0: D/000FE0: D/000FF0: D/001000: D/001010: D/001020: D/001030: D/001040: D/001050: D/001060: D/001070: D/001080: D/001090: D/0010A0: D/0010B0: D/0010C0: D/0010D0:
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 2000F04C 23A9A085 A00720ED D002E6E3 E3E5E7B0 CB85E3A5 206DE5A5 A085FA20 201BE520 D0032011 F585E4C9 ED86CFC9 B1CE10FA D0E924E4
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF B3E28533 E44CEDFD FDA9A088 602015E7 EF206DE0 4C85E6A5 E485E2A5 2AE09885 18E084FA E08A20ED 01D005A6 519004C6 E0C0B004 300320F8
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 4CEDFD60 A920C524 D0F8A000 2076E5A5 4C3BE0A5 4D85E7D0 E585E3B0 E4202AE0 AA10180A FDA92520 D84C8EFD CFE95048 E00030F2 EFB1CE10
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 8A2920F0 B00CA98D B1E2E6E2 E2C5E6A5 CA85E2A5 DE2015E7 C786D8A9 AA202AE0 10E9A5E4 1AE0AA30 4884CEA2 B1CEAA88 AA68E901 10AA293F
[................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [...L...3L..`.)..] [#....L.....$....] [................] [....`....v......] [......m.L;......] [....L...M.......] [.m..............] [....*.....*...*.] [................] [..........%....0] [.........L..H...] [....Q.....PH....] [..........0..h..] [..$.0.........)?]
85E41869 68C95DF0 D5789011 20E4EF95 602018E1 2018E1E8 65CF48C4 FFA865DB F56891DA 95A90020 E6332051 B57985CF 4EA8B1CE F65090E5 38E90285 E418E5DA 5185DAB5 C89450B5 28B00256 B1DAC5E4 36E72054 85E6A5E7 E44C7EE7 284C6FE7 CF85DB20 E5206FE7 E633A000 47F82034 0FA00020 20D3EF20 FA24F810 FDA2FF9A E4A5C869 29F0C9B0 88D0F820 A5CAF1E0 A5E5E5CD 85E7B1CA A5E3E5CB 88B1E091 95F7E8F0 15E7A5E2 E4A5E385 E2A5E785 16A5E4D0 E6B1E491 20EDFDC8 2075FD8A 20D3EE24 DD0002D0 86C89848 9001E8C8 F0BC9D00 B1FE293F 906F694F 20F07AB5
A020EDFD A4C928D0 A02B4CE0 784C23E8 955018F5 B55085DA CAE5CBB0 85DBC8B1 99CC0088 0AE7A002 F3C6338A E8E820BC B450C4E4 B4508A91 E4B57985 85E460B5 7985DBE8 4DD57508 5060A8B1 D0EDF64F E206CE26 65DB85E7 A5E62008 A95585E5 15E784E6 2015E7A0 20CEE3C6 EEA8B126 08E794A0 8EFD46D9 0CA6F6A5 20CEE384 0085E0A9 F0034C83 8AE3A5F1 85E4A5CB 9045A5CA 91E6E6CA B0E0B5E4 E698D0F8 F7107E00 85E6A5E3 E5D00E20 E3A000A5 02C6E5C6 E690E0A5 B900EB30 A8A9DF99 D930034C 53B1FE0A A200A1FE D0F368A8 0260A6C8 4AD0B6BD C90A9069 A885C8B5
88E0C090 8AF09E20 E32034EE 2034EEF0 784C02E1 65CE48A8 E3A5DA69 DAD9CC00 10F7E860 9478200A A6D89578 E1B54ED5 9004A083 DA4C23F2 DBE90085 5385CEB5 E8E8A000 48B54FD5 CE85E468 F64DB0D7 CF900D18 88F00906 E7A5E795 205BE2A5 84E7A5CF 1060206C 33602034 2890044A 8884D760 A9BE2006 F7201BE5 F18A85C8 00AA6902 E8A002B1 E5C8C904 E90085E5 F1E085E6 D002E6CB 95CACA10 24F81009 000000A0 85E72075 15E7206D CAC5E4A5 E4A5E6D0 E685CAA5 F709804C 0002A2FF B6E24C9A 300688B1 AA4A4940 8A4CF8F2 A9A0E8DD 0002B006 A6FDC8B1 D185F188
EC200CE0 18E19550 D55090F4 E738E901 A014D0D6 B57885DB FE85DAA9 D00F98F0 EAA080D0 E786D8AA B55185CE 76B015F6 D0C191DA B55185DA E5A000B1 7B85CFB5 947894A0 77900768 A828B0F3 20D7E14C A5E665DA E626E710 A006E590 CE85DAA5 1009CA06 EEF0C5FF EE4A0820 4A4A4A29 FFFFFFFF E0A00084 A9A020ED A2202091 85E1A1E0 E099CD00 F0A891E0 A5E4C5CC A5CBE900 A5E2C5CA F9B1E0A8 B5F775F5 14D07120 E5A5E285 E5A5E685 CBE5E5B0 02C6E7C6 E785CB60 EDFD98AA 6060A006 EB2A69A0 FE3029C8 11FEC9C0 E6F1A6F1 0002B0FA 693FC91A FE29E0C9 B1FE0A10
[...i............] [h.]...(........P] [.x...+L...4..P..] [....xL#..4...8..] [`....P..xL......] [.....P..e.H..x..] [e.H........i....] [..e.............] [.h.........`....] [.........x......] [.3.Q..3....x.Q..] [.y........N.v...] [N....P..........] [.P...P...L#..Q..] [8.....y.........] [......`.S...{...] [Q...y........x..] [..P.M.u.H.O.w..h] [(..VP`.....h.(..] [.......O.M.....L] [6..T...&......e.] [....e........&..] [.L~.............] [(Lo..U...[......] [................] [..o......`.l....] [.3......3`.4.J..] [G..4...&(..JJJJ)] [...........`....] [......F.........] [.$..............] [................] [...i......i.....] [).....L.........] [................] [................] [.....E..........] [................] [................] [........$.....u.] [......~.......q.] [...........u....] [...........m....] [................] [................] [...............`] [.......0...L....] [.u..........``..] [...$.0.L..L..*i.] [....S...0....0).] [...H.....JI@....] [......h..L......] [.....`..........] [..)?J.......i?..] [.oiO...i.....)..] [..z.............]
FA88B038 F0B3C97E FF9458A4 F10AA8A9 3084D005 E8BD0002 201CE4C8 FFB480E8 86FDB4D0 02290F65 F285F286 E468A8A5 0486C9A9 E5900D85 A5F9E8CA A5FAF00B 10C16001 E6A5CB85 A5E5E54D CFB019A0 C8A5CEF1 4C85CAA5 0085FB85 E3A0FF84 D1D0F0F1 A86885D0 C8B1E030 A5D16900 68A8A900 A5CC91D0 A54AA44B 034865D0 95786824 D0100FF6 2048A000 E720FFE6 C928D01F 0BA90120 F9B0D324 B980E929 D7B00998 CEB980EA E0D002E6 A0664CE0 78F00E85 88E86020 CED006C5 2015E724 A5CEF0F3 15E79838 1090206F 2015E718 DD95A060 F3A52409 0020B1E7 2072E750
0A3035B4 B022CA10 C894A8A4 762A85FF A00E4CE0 9004C9A2 88A6FDB1 B1FE299F 84C918A9 F2488A65 F3C4F1D0 F3B0A9A0 B085F9A5 F3A5F2FD F00EC9B0 20EDFD24 0A64E810 E7E8A5E7 B026A001 00A5E671 E4C8A5CF 4D85CBA5 FC85FEA9 D8C8B1E0 B1D0C84A 84D1C5CC FB4940F0 48C4CAE5 8891D088 88A90091 D0ACB1D0 200AE720 D8301DA8 78C8D0F7 B1E01018 95A024D4 A5E0200A 0AE7A900 D41006C9 550A85D7 4820EBF3 85CF20FC E1B1E060 E3A000B5 CFB1CE48 4AE72015 CFD002F6 CF301BCA A9FF2008 E5CE2008 E72015E7 A5CE65DA 2034EEA8 07A8C8D0 2015E7A5 EF8884D5
5884FFB4 04A00610 F194D129 D001C8C8 E3C903B0 F00AC9DF FE880A10 D0ED85F2 0A85F9A2 F3301CAA DEA4C9C8 00108B85 F2DD63E5 63E585F2 F00285C9 F8100499 00000003 85E5A5E6 B1E4E5CE E485E690 F1E4B0CA 4A85CCA5 00851D60 3006C940 D0FAB1D0 D0D7C4CD F7986904 CBB0B384 91D088A5 D0883097 C940B09A FFE688D0 A900200A 09A90085 0A30B520 1001CA20 E7A5E195 9578F678 04B0D046 68A8B980 A5D69095 E64CD8E6 9477CA30 5085CEB5 C8B1CE85 E7982008 50602082 602015E7 E795A024 E798E5CF A5CE85DA 2008E7A5 D0034CCB F5C8D0F5 CF100AA9 86CFA6CE
80E810DA 299480A4 1FA8B997 86FDB1FE C34AA6C8 F00686C8 CFB45884 85F39848 00C8B900 68C6F9D0 84F1201C F386F2A2 A5F3FD68 E6F9D0E7 24C93004 0002C8CA 27A5CA85 85E4C54C C8B1E4E5 03E6E718 6046F8A5 4B85CDA9 A5D04C6B D06885D8 48C8B1D0 D0D3A000 4865D0A8 CC6885CD CD91D088 B1E0D0F7 959F9869 FA9865D1 E79578B1 D485D5A2 FFE62008 FFE6B0E6 7824D430 20FFE630 D4A885D6 E929AAC5 B900EA85 6CCE00E6 03955060 A085CFB5 CF6885CE E795A0C5 E72059E7 A5CFD004 CF30E920 5023A000 A5CF85DB CF65DB70 EE884CF4 B0F96000 AD20EDFD 201BE5A6
[...8.05.X.......] [...~."......)...] [..X........)....] [....v*..........] [0.....L......J..] [................] [..............X.] [......)........H] [................] [.).e.H.e.0..h...] [................] [.h..............] [..........c....h] [........c.......] [............$.0.] [.......$........] [..`..d......'...] [...............L] [...M.&..........] [.......q........] [............`F..] [L...M...J...K...] [...........`..Lk] [........0..@.h..] [.......J....H...] [.h..............] [...0.I@...i.He..] [..i.H........h..] [h...............] [..........0.....] [.J.K.....@.....i] [.He...........e.] [.xh$.0........x.] [....x...........] [.H.......0......] [......$.........] [.(..........x$.0] [.........x.x...0] [...$.......F....] [...)U...h....)..] [....H...........] [.........L..l...] [.......`.w.0..P`] [.fL.....P.......] [x......H.....h..] [..`.J...........] [........P`....Y.] [...$.0..`.......] [...........$.0..] [...8........P#..] [...o............] [......e......e.p] [...`.4....L...L.] [..$...........`.] [................] [.r.P............]
D/0017E0: D/0017F0: D/001800: D/001810: D/001820: D/001830: D/001840: D/001850: D/001860: D/001870: D/001880: D/001890: D/0018A0: D/0018B0: D/0018C0: D/0018D0: D/0018E0: D/0018F0: D/001900: D/001910: D/001920: D/001930: D/001940: D/001950: D/001960: D/001970: D/001980: D/001990: D/0019A0: D/0019B0: D/0019C0: D/0019D0: D/0019E0: D/0019F0: D/001A00: D/001A10: D/001A20: D/001A30: D/001A40: D/001A50: D/001A60: D/001A70: D/001A80: D/001A90: D/001AA0: D/001AB0: D/001AC0: D/001AD0: D/001AE0: D/001AF0: D/001B00: D/001B10: D/001B20: D/001B30: D/001B40: D/001B50:
CF602015 C8A90A85 F22015E7 C8A5CF4C 46D560A0 D68884D4 C910B05E 01A5DC99 E59004A0 69039001 F0A00020 DCA4DD90 46D94CE0 0185DCB9 4C75E8A0 201BE54C 50D93F01 85DAB96F E8CAA4FB E72082E7 596F0110 9F01B9AF F09AE6FB 2015E7A4 01995F01 998F01A5 000000AB 03033F3F C3FF5500 CFCFCFFF FFFF5503 03030303 57030303 0303AAFF 17FFFF19 4DC98582 71FF2309 59503BFF FFFF2130 A4D3B6BC 2803C41D 8C0127FF E8FFFFE8 F0F0E7E7 F3FFE8E1 E7E7F3FF FFFFE1E1 E7E8EFEF E8EEE7E8 E1E8E8FF BEB3B2B7 CED4C158 CDC1CED9 47CECFA0 48B1B6A0 D4D5D24E
E7A5CE85 F484F560 B55085DA 07F26068 FF84D760 E860A5CA A8E6FCA5 2001A5DD 37D03BA5 C8A2FF86 79E624D9 01C8C54C E3A04AA5 2F0185DD 6320C4E3 B3E2C6FB D0F0B578 0185DB20 B9CF0195 2059E720 12B97F01 01D087C6 A8B55099 FBA5CE99 A900996F E0999F01 03030303 C0C03C3C ABAB0303 55C6C6C6 03030303 03030303 03070303 03030303 DF420AF2 2210334A 5B16B6CB 23A36F36 1E03C420 AA3A0150 08004E00 5D354B67 F0F1F3EF E2EFE7E7 E8E8EFEB E8E7E7E7 EFEEE7E8 EBE9E8E9 EFEFEEEF E0E0E0F1 B637D4CF CDC5CDA0 A0D0C1D2 C5CE44C2 C7CFD3D5 B1B6A0C6
F6A5CF85 2015E7A5 B57885DB 6824D510 20CDEFF0 A4CBD05A E0990001 99300120 E4A4E585 D99A85E0 104918A0 D0D1C44D FCF0F7C6 BEFF00B9 A001B1DC A05BA5FB D94F01D0 15E7CA20 9FB9BF01 15E7A4FB 85DCB98F FB60A054 4001B578 BF01A5CF 01A5DC99 A5E199AF 03030303 3C3C3C3C FFFF55FF 55F0F0CF 03030303 03030303 03030303 03030303 EC876FAD 5B4E534A FFFFFBFF 23D71C22 00C1BA39 79D8D8A5 3E00A6B0 E0E17604 EFE3E3E5 F2F2F2E7 FFFFE0FF E8E1E2EE EEE7F3FB F2E8E8E8 EEEFEEEE F2F2F1F3 CFA0CCCF C6D5CC4C C5CE53D3 C1C4A0C2 C253C2C1 CFD253C2
F78884F8 CEA4CF10 A5CE91DA 05208EFD 07A92585 A041A5FC A5E19910 15E7206D DC84DD18 84E1202E 00A5DC71 D0CDA031 FCA8B91F 0F01A88A AAC8B1DC F0C4A8B5 E9B95F01 93E72001 A0002008 A5CEF005 0185DDBE A5FBC910 4C88F260 99CF01A9 7F01A5DD 01602015 03030303 3C300FC0 FF55CFCF CF550155 03030303 0300AB03 03030303 03030303 B7E2F854 49666D7A FF24F64E 1D8AAB23 40A0301E 3CFF165B 00BCC657 0571C91A E5E7E7EE F2F2F2E2 FFEFEEEF F3E2E2E8 FBEEE1EF E8FFE8E8 EFEEEEEE F3F1F3F4 CE47D3D9 D4CFCFA0 D4D2C9CE D2C1CEC3 C4A0D2C5 C1C4A0CE
[.`..............] [.......`........] [.....P...x......] [...L..`hh$......] [F.`....`......%.] [.....`.....Z.A..] [...^............] [.........0.....m] [....7.;.........] [i...............] [....y.$..I.....q] [.......L...M...1] [F.L...J.........] [..../...........] [Lu..c...........] [...L.....[......] [P.?....x.O...._.] [...o............] [................] [.....Y..........] [Yo..............] [.........`.T....] [......P.@..xL..`] [................] [.._....o........] [.............`..] [................] [..??..<<<<<<<0..] [..U.......U..U..] [....U...U....U.U] [..U.............] [................] [W...............] [................] [.....B....o....T] [M...".3J[NSJIfmz] [q.#.[........$.N] [YP;.#.o6#.."...#] [..!0.......9@.0.] [.....:.Py...<..[] [(.....N.>......W] [..'.]5Kg..v..q..] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [................] [.....7.......G..] [...X.......L....] [..........S.....] [G.....D.........] [H........S......] [...N......S.....]
D/001B60: D/001B70: D/001B80: D/001B90: D/001BA0: D/001BB0: D/001BC0: D/001BD0: D/001BE0: D/001BF0: D/001C00: D/001C10: D/001C20: D/001C30: D/001C40: D/001C50: D/001C60: D/001C70: D/001C80: D/001C90: D/001CA0: D/001CB0: D/001CC0: D/001CD0: D/001CE0: D/001CF0: D/001D00: D/001D10: D/001D20: D/001D30: D/001D40: D/001D50: D/001D60: D/001D70: D/001D80: D/001D90: D/001DA0: D/001DB0: D/001DC0: D/001DD0: D/001DE0: D/001DF0: D/001E00: D/001E10: D/001E20: D/001E30: D/001E40: D/001E50: D/001E60: D/001E70: D/001E80: D/001E90: D/001EA0: D/001EB0: D/001EC0: D/001ED0:
C5D854D3 AA20A0C5 C4C94DD3 D9D0C5A0 E8A6CF9A CEBA86CF A220A915 C8B90002 84C8B900 A0A5CEC9 50204FC0 B4B3EFB4 7F1D207E 6783B2B0 A4E5A3A1 B3A4AFAE A9AC0040 A1B4B667 078C07AE B2AFACAF B07F0E27 B06407A6 02ADA5B2 7E8C39B4 9D19B2AF B4B5B0AE 0047A2A1 A467ACAC 8C688CDB 88298480 AEB2A3B3 68830868 758B5107 EEA7B3E4 4F7F0F2F 42AEA5A8 51078809 9CDD9CDE A5ADAFAC 20AFB4B5 A4EEB5B2 A1AFAC7A 20B1E7E8 D576B009 D560E8A9 4C23E8FF EEA4C8C9 EE4C64F8 4C22FCA0 DAD007A5 26E7A5E6 E5DA85E6 2015E76C 2034EEC9 C890A585 4C28F898
D4CFD0D0 D2D20DBE D4D2A0CF CCC9CEC5 A6CEA08D 2066F384 2091E4E6 C980F0D2 0248B9FF 33D00320 F4A1E4AF EEA5A8B4 8C330000 E5A3A1B2 B2B4AFAE F0AFB0F4 89C9479D B4A1078C A9ACA867 A3678C07 B4AEA9B2 A967AFB4 67A2B5B3 B8A5AE67 A67F0537 A97F052A B47F0D30 A1A3F2A7 679B689B C4195771 710888A3 9D087107 8819B8A4 AEB2EBA5 00510688 B460AEA5 8BFEE4AF DD9EC3DD 679AADA5 A1F2ACA3 60AEB5B2 7E9A2220 E8B54F85 B1DA20ED 00957895 2015E7A5 30B021C0 46F86020 774CE0E3 DBD0034C C5DAA5E7 E6CE88D0 CE002034 30B0B1A4 2D602034 AAA06E20
C5C4A0C1 B2B535D2 D6C64CDC 8D3F46D9 D002A099 F1A9FF85 D9A6CEA4 49B0C90A 01A00020 6FE74C01 ADF2AFE4 5C800040 6003BF12 B479B0B3 79B0B3A4 B3A9AC60 17689D0A 07AEA9AC 8C07B4AF A5ABAFB0 B07F0E28 AFA778B4 AFA7EEB2 B0A5B4B3 B4B5B0AE B4B5B0AE ADA9A47F F4B8A5B4 508C638C 07881471 B3A17108 886075B4 AEB2ECA4 A5B05107 29C20C82 A8B44F7E ADF2AFE4 CFCACDCB ADA9A8EE F7A5AE60 EEAFA3E5 006003BF DAB57785 FDC84C0F A0B57738 CFD028A5 28B01D4C B3F3C918 A07BD0F9 7EE706CE E5DB900A E160FFFF EEC5C890 C84C19F8 EEC928B0 C4E38AA8
D420AAAA C1CEC745 0DD2C5D4 90034CC3 20C4E386 C80A85D9 C80A85CE B0F0C8C8 08E76895 E8FFFFFF AEA1F0A5 608D608B 4783AEA9 A469B0B3 AFAE69B0 8C20B4B3 587B67A2 B667B4A1 ACB0679D F4AEA9B2 B4AEA9B2 A5AC6B7F B5B4A5B2 27AFB407 A97F0528 A9E4AEA5 0D23ADA9 004DCC67 7F015107 078C0788 88AEA5AC AFAE758D B0F3A2A1 883981C1 578C6A8C 1E358C27 AEA1DCDE 00479AAD A1AD608C 8C20ACA5 B6A1B3E4 6003BF1F DBB44E98 EEA9FF85 F54F9550 CE602034 00F82034 B00A8525 2054E2A5 26CF26E6 85E7A5E6 FFFFFFFF BB852C60 2034EEC5 9BA8A5C8 20C4E3A0
[..T.............] [..........5....E] [..M.......L.....] [.........?F...L.] [................] [.....f..........] [................] [........I.......] [.....H........h.] [....3...o.L.....] [P.O.............] [........\..@`.`.] [...~.3..`...G...] [g........y...i..] [........y.....i.] [...........`....] [...@..G..h..X{g.] [...g.........g..] [.......g......g.] [.....g..........] [...'.......(....] [.d...g....x...k.] [....g...........] [~.9....g....'...] [.......7.......(] [.......*........] [.G.....0.....#..] [.g...........M.g] [.h..g.h.P.c...Q.] [.)....Wq...q....] [....q.....q.....] [h..h..q..`u...u.] [u.Q.............] [..........Q..9..] [O../.Q..)...W.j.] [B....`....O~.5.'] [Q...............] [.............G..] [....g.........`.] [...........`....] [....`...........] [...z~."..`..`...] [......O...w...N.] [.v........L.....] [.`....x...w8.O.P] [L#........(..`.4] [....0.!.(..L...4] [.Ld.F.`........%] [L"..wL...{...T..] [.......L~...&.&.] [&...............] [.........`......] [...l...4......,`] [.4..0....L...4..] [....-`.4..(.....] [L(....n.........]
D/001EE0: D/001EF0: D/001F00: D/001F10: D/001F20: D/001F30: D/001F40: D/001F50: D/001F60: D/001F70: D/001F80: D/001F90: D/001FA0: D/001FB0: D/001FC0: D/001FD0: D/001FE0: D/001FF0: D/002000: D/002010: D/002020: D/002030: D/002040: D/002050: D/002060: D/002070: D/002080: D/002090: D/0020A0: D/0020B0: D/0020C0: D/0020D0: D/0020E0: D/0020F0: D/002100: D/002110: D/002120: D/002130: D/002140: D/002150: D/002160: D/002170: D/002180: D/002190: D/0021A0: D/0021B0: D/0021C0: D/0021D0: D/0021E0: D/0021F0: D/002200: D/002210: D/002220: D/002230: D/002240: D/002250:
724C61F1 04C5CEB0 2034EEA5 206CEEA5 EE4C34E1 85DA84DB B550D1DA E7A54E20 854F95A0 4F88D0F2 2015E7A4 CF854D4C 4DB00884 FFFFFFFF FF85C8A9 B55060A9 4D4CADE5 36E820B7 A00084A0 B14C49FF F0EC4CAD A5E1AC00 A5DC8578 86D8A2FE D0F3904B 900AA5CC E691E4E6 E6C54CA5 CCF5DC95 CED002C6 CAA54DE5 A5CFE5CB D8201EF1 E8F0F790 CED004A5 2CF120FD 843CC884 B44C943E 86D838A2 F120CDFE 6020C4E3 60A9FF85 EDFDA001 EDFDA5DC 9A988D96 0C613010 FD000000 E5DBB01C C940F0F7 68A000B1 D0F1A9BD F3A03007 4CB7F1E8 A4DD207D 15E7E6CE F2D01020
203FF206 D6602015 CE85C860 CE85E6A5 20E4EEB4 1865CE95 C8B578F1 08E7A54F A011A54F A5CE2008 CEC44AA5 ADE52015 4AA5CF85 FFFF2071 808D0002 00854A85 D578D001 E54C5BE8 844A844C 914CD14C E54C79F1 C0C083D0 A5DD8579 38B5D095 CAB5CB95 C5E4A5CD E4D002E6 E7E54D90 CCE8D0F3 CFC6CEA5 CB90E4B0 B0A6844A 20FDFEA2 87A5CCC5 CFF011A5 FEA6D860 3EA00084 CA10F5A5 FFB54DF5 A201202C 4C3AFFA5 A06046A0 B1DCAAC8 A4DD60C1 9593BFB2 0BDDFBA0 00000000 6884D085 C8C8B1D0 D030054A 4CEDFD91 A5DCA4DD E8B59FF0 F120C9F1 D002E6CF 82E7206F
CE26CF30 E7B1CE94 2015E7A5 CF85E74C 78B55069 509865CF DAB0804C D004C54E 0A186940 E7A5CF95 CFE54B90 E7A4CEC4 4B90E84C E14CBFEF 602036E7 4CA90885 184C02E1 E080D001 A908854B D00849FF 2032F04C EC2C10C0 4CC3E8FF E6B54EF5 E7F5DB95 E5E59013 E5E6E6D0 E6A2FEB5 A6D860B1 4CD002C6 D02015E7 A5CF854B FF38B54D DAA5CDE5 DA85CAA5 203AFF4C 3D843F60 3ED002C6 CB95CFE8 F1A91A20 FCD0034C 6024A010 B1DC201B 007FD1CC 32120FBC 0020C7E7 00A44AA5 D1A0FFC8 4888B1D0 F008A9A4 DAE8B59F 207DF120 1F4CE0F3 A6D84C09 60205BF2 E7500320
FAB0DCD0 9F4C08E7 C891CE60 44E220E4 FEB00188 9578A000 23E82015 6900297F 0A264E26 A04C7AE2 1E844CA5 4CA5CFE5 CBEEFFFF 2003EEA9 E82036E7 4BA91085 20B7E54C 884C0CE0 854DE64D 914CD14C BEE8A6E0 86508551 FF2015E7 D095DCE8 E5E8F0F5 4C6BE3B1 02E6E7A5 E6954EB5 4C91CEA5 4DC64CC5 A4CEC0CA 4CB7E586 F5CF95DB DBB0D5A5 DB85CB20 15F1A0CE B5CA953C 3FC63E60 F0F7201E CFFEA6D8 A5E8C6FC 19A9A320 E5A9A04C C7CFCEC5 B0ACBE35 A9A04CED 4B48C4DA B1D030FB A868D0DD 20EDFDC8 F0304CD5 C9F1A6D8 3007A5DC F4E86020 D0152053 82E72059
[rLa..?...&.0....] [.....`.......L..] [.4.....`.......`] [.l.........LD...] [.L4.....x.Pi....] [.....e..P.e..x..] [.P....x....L#...] [..N....O...Ni.).] [.O.....O..i@.&N&] [O............Lz.] [......J...K...L.] [..ML........L...] [M...J...K..L....] [.......q.L......] [........`.6...6.] [.P`...J.L...K...] [ML...x...L.....L] [6....L[......L..] [.....J.L...K.M.M] [.LI..L.L..I..L.L] [..L..Ly..2.L....] [.........,...P.Q] [...x...yL.......] [....8.....N.....] [...K............] [............Lk..] [................] [..L...M.......N.] [..........`.L...] [........L...M.L.] [..M.............] [.......J...KL...] [.........8.M....] [................] [................] [,......`.:.L....] [.<..>...=.?`...<] [.L.>....>...?.>`] [..8...M.........] [.......,........] [`...L:.....L....] [`....`F.`$......] [...............L] [......`.........] [........2......5] [.a0...........L.] [..........J.KH..] [....h.........0.] [.@......H....h..] [h....0.J........] [....L........0L.] [..0......}......] [L........L..0...] [...}......L...`.] [........`.[....S] [.......o.P.....Y]
E756504C 354F9550 995F01A5 01D550D0 01994001 B9D10199 7001B981 0199A001 E8A90048 CF68A000 024C48E4 85DDA550 7890034C CEA000E8 2903AA20 602075FD CA10F368 602015E7 85D1A5CE D3A90120 C6D0A5D2 4C98F320 86D99A20 FEA6D860 24D910D5 A8208EFD FFFFFFFF C8B1DA30 8BFEA6D8 F76006F3 38A20494 60A98E85 FA26F9A5 C5F8D0F7 E6F8F075 F820E2F4 46F390BF F0C52032 FC48CA10 FB26FA26 F0BE86FB 498085F8 E9814AD0 3A853E10 913A8810 F9843B85 8434A017 A531A000 F8AABD00 A544A42E E644C635 EDFD203A 0002C9A0 93D0D58A 0AE9BEC9 CA10F8C6
36E720C9 10ED4CC9 CF4C66E9 F6B95001 B9510199 D001B961 01998001 B9A10199 B55038E9 91CEE860 E8A901D0 A4514C75 68EEA8B5 E82008E7 1EFBA6D8 8A48BD00 AA602080 A5CF1008 85D02015 08E794A0 A0002008 34EE1869 2EF04C83 FE24D910 86D824A0 9838E521 94A04C23 F8A9FF85 6018A202 2037F424 FBB5F7B4 F8A5F9C9 F8D0EE60 2025F450 A2FA76FF 182084F4 38A203A9 F4E5F820 F8A2FD68 F906F726 86FA86F9 A0176010 14A43FA6 01C898E5 F8201AFC 3A4C95F5 88304BD9 C6342000 FAC542D0 C09DF088 F0D6A434 FFA9A185 F013C8C9 F0D22078 C290C10A 3DF0F410
EF154F10 EF2015E7 99500188 D578D0EF 5001B9C1 01996001 B9910199 A001C8C4 0385CEB5 C985B003 DAE8A578 E8A901D0 5185CEB5 4C04F420 98A00020 02C983D0 E298AA20 98CA2008 E7A5CE85 A5D0D004 E7A5D395 FF6020B1 E82034EE E086D824 4C2CF2A0 B0F68424 E8A000F0 D5602034 B5F975F5 F9100520 F394F795 C0300CC6 20A4F420 EA700590 E8D0FB60 90032025 00F5F895 E2F438A2 900295F8 F626F5B0 B00D3004 F74CF503 3ED00188 3BD06BA4 201AFC20 20BEFFA4 CCFFD0F8 FE4C95F5 13BDC0F9 C52EF09F 98AA204A 332067FD A4F09288 FEA90385 0AA2040A E4A20520
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
[.VPL6.....O.....] [5O.P..L.........] [._...Lf..P..0Q.@] [..P...P..x.....A] [..@..Q..P.......] [.......a..`..q..] [p...............] [...............`] [...H.P8.....x...] [.h.....`....L...] [.LH........x...y] [...P.QLu......P.] [x..Lh...Q...y...] [........L...4...] [)...............] [`.u..H.......L..] [...h.`......T...] [`..............`] [................] [..............0.] [..............".] [L...4..i.`...F.`] [......L...4.....] [...`.$.....$.L..] [$.....$.L,...L..] [.....8.!...$`...] [......L#........] [...0.....`.4....] [....`.....u.....] [.`...7.$........] [8...............] [`........0.....&] [.&.....`....{...] [.....%.P.p......] [...u..v....`.2.e] [...........%....] [F...8...........] [...2......8.....] [.H.....h.......&] [.&.&...&.&......] [..........0.hh..] [I.....`..L......] [..J...?.>.......] [:.>.....;.k./.=.] [.:.............S] [..;.:L......4...] [.4...0K.........] [.1...4...L...=..] [......B......C..] [.D...........=..] [.D.5...4...J....] [...:....3.g.....] [................] [.......x....=.4.] [............&B&C] [....=.......4..4]
DDB4F9D0 F007C9A4 20A7FFA5 10C9A544 09808544 804C5CF5 A5F81013 E6FAD002 FFFFFFFF 688559BA A657A559 851F2098 48A000B1 4A4A4AA8 E4F648A5 1E950188 E61F6002 C02FC95B E7E7E710 9500A501 00D002F6 A000F006 008401A0 1FF72017 0081004C 0038A500 98690085 A000F0E9 0EB11E10 B0EC600A 600AAAB5 D0CF600A B5003501 851F2066 4A082047 4530252E C8200EF8 F560A02F 2028F888 29189002 30186903 604A0820 0F60A63A 90096AB0 2079F8D0 03852F98 084A4A09 2082F848 C890F1A2 B900FA85 F869BF20 E003F01C F9F00320 A52EC9E8 9820DAFD D0F86038
132034F6 F003A434 3FF001E8 0A0A0535 8434B900 B90002C8 C98ED0F5 E6F960A9 FFFF4C92 E8E8BD00 48A55628 F64C92F6 1E290F0A B9E1F648 1D4A6068 B11E9500 F9049D0D D285DD6E CAB50085 950160A5 0160A100 2066F7A1 00841D60 F7A50181 43F7B500 F5009900 1D60A500 A51E2019 0188651E AAB50110 001501F0 AAB50035 49FFD0B9 F7A10085 F828A90F 51269126 90F66901 D002A027 10F66048 697F8526 290F8530 47F8B126 A43B2096 10C9A2F0 04A080A9 298FAA98 2088D0FA B13A20DA 03C00490 2DA900A0 EDFDCAD0 062E900E EDFDCAD0 B13A90F2 8A4CDAFD A52FA43B
DDBAF9F0 18882644 8635A203 C920B006 02C9BBF0 C9A0F0F8 24F9100A 0085F985 F5845886 010A0A0A 60204AFF E61ED002 AA4A511E 60E61ED0 68203FFF 9838651E 9E25AF16 0533E870 00B50185 008100A0 8500A000 00A82066 2026F7A1 004C1FF7 D002D601 00A501F5 75008500 F7A51F20 851E9865 E8600AAA D8600AAA 0149FFF0 60A21820 1E604CC7 900269E0 602000F8 482000F8 842DA027 4A290309 0A0A0526 0A0A0A0A 2890044A FD2048F9 0C29874A 00AABDA6 A003E08A C888D0F2 FDA20120 F268A8B9 05062D26 EC2048F9 BDB3F920 E7608830 2056F9AA A203A9A0 AA100188
0DBDBAF9 E003D00D 88863DCA A635F002 04C98DD0 60207DF4 A5FBF006 FA60FFFF 57855608 0A60A458 68851E68 E61FA9F7 F00B861D 02E61FBD 6C1E00B1 851E9002 B247B951 931EE765 0160A500 00841DF6 8401F0ED F7A10085 0085014C 2066F7A5 D60060A0 01990100 A5017501 19F718B0 1F851F60 B50130E1 B5001501 C4600AAA 66F7A100 F6F6FFFF 852EB126 C42CB011 68C52D90 A9008530 04852768 852660A5 05308530 4A4A4A29 A13AA84A AABD62F9 F9852E29 F00B4A90 60FFFFFF 4AF9C42F C0F9852C 2C2A88D0 A42FA206 EDFDBDB9 E720DAFD E8D001C8 20EDFDCA 653A9001
[......4.........] [.......4..&D....] [....?....5....=.] [...D...5.....5..] [...D.4..........] [.L\.........`.}.] [........$.......] [......`......`..] [......L...X.W.V.] [h.Y..........`.X] [.W.YH.V(`.J.h..h] [.....L..........] [H....)...JQ.....] [JJJ....H`.......] [..H..J`hh.?.l...] [.........8e.....] [..`......%...G.Q] [./.[...n.3.p...e] [.............`..] [......`.........] [.....`..........] [.....f.....f....] [.......`.&.....L] [.........L...f..] [...LC.........`.] [.8..............] [.i...`..u.....u.] [................] [......e....e...`] [..`......`....0.] [`........`......] [..`....5.I...`..] [..5.I...`...f...] [...f.....`L.....] [J..G.(....i....&] [E0%.Q&.&`....,..] [......i.H...h.-.] [.`./...'.-.'...0] [.(....`HJ)....'h] [)...i..&...&.&`.] [0.i.)..0.....0.0] [`J..G..&(..JJJJ)] [.`.:.;....H..:.J] [..j......).J..b.] [.y.............)] [../.).........J.] [.JJ.........`...] [...H.:......J../] [.........h.....,] [....-.....-&,*..] [.i........H../..] [................] [.........`.0....] [.....:...V......] [.....L..........] [..`8./.;....e:..]
D/002960: D/002970: D/002980: D/002990: D/0029A0: D/0029B0: D/0029C0: D/0029D0: D/0029E0: D/0029F0: D/002A00: D/002A10: D/002A20: D/002A30: D/002A40: D/002A50: D/002A60: D/002A70: D/002A80: D/002A90: D/002AA0: D/002AB0: D/002AC0: D/002AD0: D/002AE0: D/002AF0: D/002B00: D/002B10: D/002B20: D/002B30: D/002B40: D/002B50: D/002B60: D/002B70: D/002B80: D/002B90: D/002BA0: D/002BB0: D/002BC0: D/002BD0: D/002BE0: D/002BF0: D/002C00: D/002C10: D/002C20: D/002C30: D/002C40: D/002C50: D/002C60: D/002C70: D/002C80: D/002C90: D/002CA0: D/002CB0: D/002CC0: D/002CD0:
C8600420 04900420 04900022 44A90122 04902631 864A859D 1C8A1C23 002919AE 001A5B5B 159C6D9C D8625A48 00B40884 00AAA2A2 1A1A2626 FFFFFF20 FB953CCA C960F045 291F4914 203FFF4C FE032820 DAFA4C65 2F2056F9 8A48A002 F3A52D48 8541A2FB BD20EDFD B13A2056 9EEAEA4C C0A000EA 008548AD AD50C0AD 20A92885 20A4FBA0 569554E8 6020A4FB 52E554AA 88D0E360 01100D38 60484A29 85280A0A A8FCA0C0 A4249128 EFA810EC C62410E8 C625A525 69FD90C0 D0E9A424 6900C523 F0E4A900 A5224820 88686901 8810F930 9128C8C4 01D0F660 E53FE63C 69FEB0F5
54300D80 54330D80 44330DC8 44330D80 879A0021 ACA9ACA3 5D8B1BA1 69A81923 A5692424 A5692953 26629488 74B4286E 74747472 727288C8 D0F86885 D0F8A13A C94CF05C C904F002 3C008545 4CFF6885 FF186885 843B1890 18B13AAA A52C4820 A9A020ED B54A20DA F9853A98 0BFB4CFD EABD64C0 56C0AD54 53C02036 21A91885 10A5504A D0F7A203 A0100650 A553E555 A000842F 98F50095 03090485 05288528 A90C20A8 E624A524 C98DF05A A5218524 20C1FB65 F0DA69FD A5254820 90F0B0CA 8524E625 24FCA528 C523B00D E1A00020 2190F960 E642D002 D002E63D A02120DB
04900322 04900420 44001122 04900122 81820000 A8A4D900 9D8A1D23 24531B23 AEAEA8AD 84133411 5444C854 74F4CC4A 4468B232 C4CA2648 2C68852D F042A42F C96CF059 B13A993C 68480A0A 3A68853B 4868853A 14182054 88B13A86 8EFDA945 FDBD1EFA FDE830E8 38B0A220 FAC1D8D9 1004C8D0 C0AD51C0 F8A91485 23A91785 900C18A2 7650CA10 26512652 90068652 A25420AF 0098F501 29682918 60C987D0 FCAD30C0 C521B066 C98AF05A C624A522 20852860 902CF0DE 24FC209E A5228525 A525C523 852AA529 482024FC 9EFCB086 3848E901 E643A53C 60A04B20 FCC8C888
54330D80 543B0D80 44330DC8 44330D80 594D9192 D8A4A400 9D8B1DA1 245319A1 29007C00 A56923A0 6844E894 72F2A48A B2002200 4444A2C8 A208BD10 C920F059 C940F035 008810F8 0A30036C 2082F820 68853BA5 F9AA9848 3B853AB0 8540A900 20EDFDA9 6018A001 4AFF38B0 D0D3AD70 F88860A9 A900F00B 22A90085 254C22FC FEB55475 FB88D0E5 265338A5 8553E650 FBA250B5 9501E62F 9002697F 12A94020 88D0F560 60C9A0B0 C988D0C9 C525B00B 49C0F028 69FD905C FCA00068 A0008424 90B6C625 852BA421 B128912A A424A9A0 D0FC68E9 C53EA53D DBFCD0F9 D0FD9005
[.`..T0....."T3..] [....T3......T;..] [..."D3..D.."D3..] [D.."D3....."D3..] [..&1...!....YM..] [.J..............] [...#]......#....] [.)..i..#$S.#$S..] [..[[.i$$....).|.] [..m..i)S..4..i#.] [.bZH&b..TD.ThD..] [....t.(nt..Jr...] [....tttrDh.2..".] [..&&rr....&HDD..] [......h.,h.-....] [..<....:.B./...Y] [.`.E.L.\.l.Y.@.5] [).I......:.<....] [.?.L<..EhH...0.l] [..(.L.h.:h.;....] [..Le..h.Hh.:h.;.] [/.V..;.....T...H] [.H....:...:.;.:.] [..-H.,H....E.@..] [.A..............] [.....J....0.`...] [.:.V..:.8...J.8.] [...L..L........p] [......d.......`.] [..H.V..T..Q.....] [.P..S..6...."...] [..(.!...#...%L".] [......PJ......Tu] [V.T.....vP......] [`......P&Q&R&S8.] [R.T..S.U...R.S.P] [...`.../.T....P.] [...8.........../] [`HJ)....)h)...i.] [.(...(.(`.....@.] [..........0....`] [.$.(.$.$.!.f`...] [.......Z...Z....] [.$...!.$.$.".%..] [.%.%...e..(`I..(] [i.....i..,..i..\] [...$.%H.$......h] [i..#.....".%...$] [.....$.%.%.#...%] [."H.$..(.*.).+.!] [.hi..#..H.$..(.*] [...0.........$..] [.(..!..`8H....h.] [...`.B...C.<.>.=] [.?.<...=`.K.....] [i....!..........]
D/002CE0: D/002CF0: D/002D00: D/002D10: D/002D20: D/002D30: D/002D40: D/002D50: D/002D60: D/002D70: D/002D80: D/002D90: D/002DA0: D/002DB0: D/002DC0: D/002DD0: D/002DE0: D/002DF0: D/002E00: D/002E10: D/002E20: D/002E30: D/002E40: D/002E50: D/002E60: D/002E70: D/002E80: D/002E90: D/002EA0: D/002EB0: D/002EC0: D/002ED0: D/002EE0: D/002EF0: D/002F00: D/002F10: D/002F20: D/002F30: D/002F40: D/002F50: D/002F60: D/002F70: D/002F80: D/002F90: D/002FA0: D/002FB0: D/002FC0: D/002FD0: D/002FE0: D/002FF0:
A03288D0 FAFC682A C0452F10 48293F09 4F2C00C0 0CFD202C A9FF8532 C988F01D D013A9DC 018AF0F3 900229DF D05BA43D 4CEDFDA5 07D00320 20BAFC90 FF653C48 E5FD6829 C9A09002 C634F09F 40E640D0 A201B53E 20B4FC90 3C20DAFD 20DAFDA9 FEA91448 E901D0EF A03FD002 1BD008A9 0609C0A0 4C00E04C D7FAC634 C9FCA027 FCA01D68 20D6FCD0 A91620C9 F920FDFC BAFCA035 EDFDA9D2 4848A545 08688548 93FE2089 20C7FF20 D0F820BE 0A263E26 9541E8F0 C849B0C9 48B9E3FF EFC4ECA9 A7C699B2 837F5DCC
FDAC20C0 A03ACAD0 F8452F85 40912868 10F59128 FC200CFD BD000220 C998F00A 20EDFD20 CA2035FD 9D0002C9 A63C208E 3C090785 92FDA9A0 E8604A90 A9BD20ED 0F09B0C9 25328435 CAD016C9 02E64160 95429544 F760B13C A9A020ED A920EDFD 20D0F820 608AF007 A0FF8432 00853EA2 00F002A9 03E02075 2075FE4C A200413C 90EEA022 FA602000 FC852E20 A03B20EC 90F020EC 20EDFD20 A646A447 BA8649D8 FED8203A A7FF8434 FFA4344C 3FCA10F8 F3D006A2 0A90D369 48A531A0 BBA6A406 C9BEC135 B5FC1717
A02CCA60 F56020FD 2FC08060 6C3800E6 AD00C02C C99BF0F3 EDFD6885 E0F89003 8EFDA533 C995D002 8DD0B220 FD2040F9 3EA53D85 20EDFDB1 EA4A4AA5 FD68484A BA900269 4820FDFB BAD0BB85 A434B9FF CA10F760 D142F01C FDA9A820 20B4FC90 53F9853A B53C953A 60A90085 36A0F0A5 FD940095 FE203FFF 43FA4CF8 48A13C20 20EDFEF0 FE6868D0 FAFCA024 FC813C45 FCC52EF0 EDFDA987 28608545 602084FE FFA9AA85 A0178830 73FFA203 A531D006 00863E86 88C9FAB0 00843160 95070205 8CC396AF F503FB03
A2084820 FC88AD60 A424B128 4ED002E6 10C06020 60A53248 32BD0002 203AFFE8 20EDFDA2 B128C9E0 9CFCA98D A000A9AD 3FA53C29 3C20DAFD 3E900249 4A4A4A20 066C3600 68A43560 31A53E91 01853160 B13C9142 2092FDB1 EDFDB142 D9602075 843B6838 CA10F960 3EA238A0 3E290FF0 0160EAEA 6C3A004C 03A94020 EDFE20BA 4DA2100A 6C20FAFC 20FDFCB0 2E852E20 0DA9C520 4CEDFDA5 86468447 202FFB20 332067FD E8D9CCFF 0A0A0A0A B53F953D 3FB90002 CD60A9FE BCB2BEED F000EB93 17172B1F 59FF86FA
[.2.......,.`..H.] [..h*.:...`.....`] [.E/..E/./..`.$.(] [H)?.@.(hl8..N...] [O,.....(...,..`.] [...,........`.2H] [...2......h.2...] [.............:..] [...........3....] [......5......(..] [..).............] [.[.=.<....@.....] [L...<...>.=.?.<)] [............<...] [.....`J..JJ.>..I] [.e<H.....hHJJJJ.] [..h).......i.l6.] [....%2.5H...h.5`] [.4..........1.>.] [@.@...A`.4....1`] [...>.B.D...`.<.B] [.....`.<.B......] [<..............B] [.............`.u] [...H....S..:.;h8] [....`....<.:...`] [.?.....2`...>.8.] [......>.6...>)..] [.............`..] [L..L...u..?.l:.L] [...4.u.LC.L...@.] [...'..A<H.<.....] [...h..."....M...] [.....`...hh.l...] [...........$....] [.....;....<E....] [...5............] [............L...] [HH.E.F.G(`.E.F.G] [.h.H..I.`..../..] [.......:....3.g.] [.......4...0....] [......4Ls.......] [.&>&?....1...?.=] [.A........>.?...] [.I.....i.....`..] [H...H.1...1`....] [................] [.......5......+.] [..].........Y...]
Brought to you by: dtcdumpfile 1.0.0 (Apple Macintosh File Hex Dumper) Sunday, July 6, 1997
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Memory map of the Apple II ROMs +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Memory map of the Apple II ROMs * $F800-$FFFF
Monitor. Handles screen I/O and keyboard input. Also has a disassembler, memory dump, memory move, memory compare, step and trace functions, lo-res graphics routines, multiply and divide routines, and more. This monitor has the cleanest code of all the Apple II monitors. Every one after this had to patch the monitor to add functions while still remaining (mostly) compatible. Complete source code is in the manual. $F689-F7FC
Sweet-16 interpreter. Sweet-16 code has been benchmarked to be about half the size of pure 6502 code but 5-8 times slower. The renumber routine in the Programmer's Aid #1 is written in Sweet-16, where small size was much more important than speed. Complete source code is in the manual. $F500-F63C and $F666-F668
Mini-assembler. This lets you type in assembly code, one line at a time, and it will assemble the proper bytes. No labels or equates are supported--it is a MINI assembler. Complete source code is in the manual. $F425-F4FB and $F63D-F65D
Floating point routines. Woz's first plans for his 6502 BASIC included floating point, but he abandoned them when he realized he could finish faster by going integer only. He put these routines in the ROMs but they are not called from anywhere. Complete source code is in the manual. $E000-F424
Integer BASIC by Woz (Steve Wozniak, creator of the Apple II). "That BASIC, which we shipped with the first Apple II's, was never assembled--ever. There was one handwritten copy, all handwritten, all hand assembled." Woz, October 1984. $D800-DFFF
Empty ROM socket. There was at least one third party ROM add-on. $D000-D7FF
Programmer's Aid #1--missing from the original Apple II, this is a ROM add-on Apple sold that contains Integer BASIC utilities such as high-resolution graphics support, renumber, append, tape verify, music, and a RAM test. Complete source code is in the manual.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Summary of Monitor Commands +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Summary of Apple II Monitor Commands Examining Memory. * {adrs} Examines the value contained in one location. * {adrs1}.{adrs2} Displays the values contained in all locations between {adrs1} and {adrs2}. * [RETURN] Displays the values in up to eight locations following the last opened location. Changing the Contents of Memory. * {adrs}:{val} {val} ... Stores the values in consecutive memory locations starting at {adrs}. * :{val} {val} Stores values in memory starting at the next changeable location. Moving and Comparing. * {dest}<{start}.{end}M Copies the values in the range {start}.{end} into the range beginning at {dest}. (M=move) * {dest}<{start}.{end}V Compares the values in the range {start}.{end} to those in the range beginning at {dest}. (V=verify) Saving and Loading via Cassette Tape. * {start}.{end}W Writes the values in the memory range {start}.{end} onto tape, preceded by a tensecond leader. * {start}.{end}R Reads values from tape, storing them in memory beginning at {start} and stopping at {end}. Prints "ERR" if an error occurs. Running and Listing Programs. * {adrs}G Transfers control to the machine language program beginning at {adrs}. (G=go) * {adrs}L Disassembles and displays 20 instructions, starting at {adrs}. Subsequent L's will display 20 more instructions each. (L=list) Miscellaneous. * {adrs}S Disassemble, display, and execute the instruction at {adrs}, and display the contents of the 6502's internal registers. Subsequent S's will display and execute successive instructions. (S=step)
* {adrs}T Step infinitely. The TRACE command stops only when it executes a BRK instruction or when you press RESET. (T=trace) * Contrl-E Displays the contents of the 6502's registers. (E=examine) * I Set Inverse display mode. * N Set Normal display mode. Also useful as a delimiter for putting multiple commands on one line. * Control-B Enter the language currently installed in the Apple's ROM (cold start at $E000). * Control-C Reenter the language currently installed in the Apple's ROM (warm start at $E003). * {val1}+{val2} Add the two values and print the result. * {val2}-{val1} Subtract the second value from the first and print the result. * {slot} Control-P Divert output to the device whose interface card in in slot number {slot}. If {slot}=0, then route output to the Apple's screen. * {slot} Control-K Accept input from the device whose interface card is in slot number {slot}. If {slot}=0, then accept input from the Apple's keyboard. * Control-Y Jump to the machine language subroutine at location $03F8. This lets you add your own commands to the Monitor. The Mini-Assembler. * F666G Invoke the Mini-Assembler. * ${command} Execute a Monitor command from the Mini-Assembler. * FF69G Leave the Mini-Assembler.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Red Book Monitor listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 *************************** * * * APPLE II * * SYSTEM MONITOR * * * * COPYRIGHT 1977 BY * * APPLE COMPUTER, INC. * * * * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED * * * * S. WOZNIAK * * A. BAUM * * * *************************** ; TITLE "APPLE II SYSTEM MONITOR" LOC0 EQU $00 LOC1 EQU $01 WNDLFT EQU $20 WNDWDTH EQU $21 WNDTOP EQU $22 WNDBTM EQU $23 CH EQU $24 CV EQU $25 GBASL EQU $26 GBASH EQU $27 BASL EQU $28 BASH EQU $29 BAS2L EQU $2A BAS2H EQU $2B H2 EQU $2C LMNEM EQU $2C RTNL EQU $2C V2 EQU $2D RMNEM EQU $2D RTNH EQU $2D MASK EQU $2E CHKSUM EQU $2E FORMAT EQU $2E LASTIN EQU $2F LENGTH EQU $2F SIGN EQU $2F COLOR EQU $30 MODE EQU $31 INVFLG EQU $32 PROMPT EQU $33 YSAV EQU $34 YSAV1 EQU $35 CSWL EQU $36 CSWH EQU $37 KSWL EQU $38 KSWH EQU $39 PCL EQU $3A PCH EQU $3B XQT EQU $3C A1L EQU $3C A1H EQU $3D
F800: F801: F802: F805: F806: F808: F80A: F80C: F80E: F810: F812: F814: F816: F818: F819: F81C: F81E:
4A 08 20 28 A9 90 69 85 B1 45 25 51 91 60 20 C4 B0
47 F8 0F 02 E0 2E 26 30 2E 26 26 00 F8 2C 11
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
A2L A2H A3L A3H A4L A4H A5L A5H ACC XREG YREG STATUS SPNT RNDL RNDH ACL ACH XTNDL XTNDH AUXL AUXH PICK IN USRADR NMI IRQLOC IOADR KBD KBDSTRB TAPEOUT SPKR TXTCLR TXTSET MIXCLR MIXSET LOWSCR HISCR LORES HIRES TAPEIN PADDL0 PTRIG BASIC BASIC2 PLOT
RTMASK PLOT1
HLINE HLINE1
EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU ORG LSR PHP JSR PLP LDA BCC ADC STA LDA EOR AND EOR STA RTS JSR CPY BCS
$3E $3F $40 $41 $42 $43 $44 $45 $45 $46 $47 $48 $49 $4E $4F $50 $51 $52 $53 $54 $55 $95 $0200 $03F8 $03FB $03FE $C000 $C000 $C010 $C020 $C030 $C050 $C051 $C052 $C053 $C054 $C055 $C056 $C057 $C060 $C064 $C070 $E000 $E003 $F800 GBASCALC #$0F RTMASK #$E0 MASK (GBASL),Y COLOR MASK (GBASL),Y (GBASL),Y PLOT H2 RTS1
;ROM START ADDRESS ;Y-COORD/2 ;SAVE LSB IN CARRY ;CALC BASE ADR IN GBASL,H ;RESTORE LSB FROM CARRY ;MASK $0F IF EVEN ;MASK $F0 IF ODD ;DATA ; EOR COLOR ; AND MASK ; EOR DATA ; TO DATA ;PLOT SQUARE ;DONE? ; YES, RETURN
F820: F821: F824: F826: F828: F829: F82C: F82D: F82F: F831: F832: F834: F836: F838: F83A: F83C: F83E: F840: F843: F844: F846: F847: F848: F849: F84B: F84D: F84F: F850: F852: F854: F856: F858: F859: F85A: F85C: F85E: F85F: F861: F862: F864: F866: F868: F869: F86A: F86B: F86C: F86E: F870: F871: F872: F873: F876: F878: F879: F87B: F87C: F87D: F87E: F87F: F881: F882:
C8 20 90 69 48 20 68 C5 90 60 A0 D0 A0 84 A0 A9 85 20 88 10 60 48 4A 29 09 85 68 29 90 69 85 0A 0A 05 85 60 A5 18 69 29 85 0A 0A 0A 0A 05 85 60 4A 08 20 B1 28 90 4A 4A 4A 4A 29 60 A6
0E F8 F6 01 00 F8 2D F5 2F 02 27 2D 27 00 30 28 F8 F6
03 04 27 18 02 7F 26 26 26 30 03 0F 30
30 30
47 F8 26 04
0F 3A
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
VLINEZ VLINE
RTS1 CLRSCR CLRTOP CLRSC2 CLRSC3
INY JSR BCC ADC PHA JSR PLA CMP BCC RTS LDY BNE LDY STY
PLOT1 HLINE1 #$01 PLOT V2 VLINEZ #$2F CLRSC2 #$27 V2 #$27 #$00 COLOR VLINE CLRSC3
; NO, INC INDEX (X-COORD) ;PLOT NEXT SQUARE ;ALWAYS TAKEN ;NEXT Y-COORD ; SAVE ON STACK ; PLOT SQUARE ;DONE? ; NO, LOOP ;MAX Y, FULL SCRN CLR ;ALWAYS TAKEN ;MAX Y, TOP SCREEN CLR ;STORE AS BOTTOM COORD ; FOR VLINE CALLS ;RIGHTMOST X-COORD (COLUMN) ;TOP COORD FOR VLINE CALLS ;CLEAR COLOR (BLACK) ;DRAW VLINE ;NEXT LEFTMOST X-COORD ;LOOP UNTIL DONE ;FOR INPUT 000DEFGH
LDY LDA STA JSR DEY BPL RTS GBASCALC PHA LSR AND ORA STA PLA AND BCC ADC GBCALC STA ASL ASL ORA STA RTS NXTCOL LDA CLC ADC SETCOL AND STA ASL ASL ASL ASL ORA STA RTS SCRN LSR PHP JSR LDA PLP SCRN2 BCC LSR LSR LSR LSR RTMSKZ AND RTS INSDS1 LDX
#$03 #$04 GBASH #$18 GBCALC #$7F GBASL GBASL GBASL COLOR #$03 #$0F COLOR
; ;
GENERATE GBASH=000001FG AND GBASL=HDEDE000
;INCREMENT COLOR BY 3 ;SETS COLOR=17*A MOD 16 ;BOTH HALF BYTES OF COLOR EQUAL
COLOR COLOR ;READ SCREEN Y-COORD/2 ;SAVE LSB (CARRY) ;CALC BASE ADDRESS ;GET BYTE ;RESTORE LSB FROM CARRY ;IF EVEN, USE LO H ;SHIFT HIGH HALF BYTE DOWN #$0F PCL ;MASK 4-BITS ;PRINT PCL,H
GBASCALC (GBASL),Y RTMSKZ
F884: F886: F889: F88C: F88E: F88F: F890: F892: F893: F895: F897: F899: F89B: F89C: F89D: F8A0: F8A3: F8A5: F8A7: F8A9: F8AA: F8AD: F8AF: F8B1: F8B3: F8B4: F8B6: F8B7: F8B8: F8BA: F8BC: F8BE: F8BF: F8C1: F8C2: F8C3: F8C5: F8C6: F8C8: F8C9: F8CA: F8CC: F8CD: F8D0: F8D3: F8D4: F8D6: F8D9: F8DB: F8DE: F8E0: F8E1: F8E3: F8E5: F8E7: F8E9: F8EA: F8EB: F8EE: F8F0: F8F3:
A4 20 20 A1 A8 4A 90 6A B0 C9 F0 29 4A AA BD 20 D0 A0 A9 AA BD 85 29 85 98 29 AA 98 A0 E0 F0 4A 90 4A 4A 09 88 D0 C8 88 D0 60 FF 20 48 B1 20 A2 20 C4 C8 90 A2 C0 90 68 A8 B9 85 B9 85
3B 96 FD 48 F9 3A 09 10 A2 0C 87 62 F9 79 F8 04 80 00 A6 F9 2E 03 2F 8F 03 8A 0B 08 20 FA F2 FF FF 82 F8 3A DA FD 01 4A F9 2F F1 03 04 F2 C0 F9 2C 00 FA 2D
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242
INSDS2
IEVEN
ERR GETFMT
LDY JSR JSR LDA TAY LSR BCC ROR BCS CMP BEQ AND LSR TAX LDA JSR BNE LDY LDA TAX LDA STA AND STA TYA AND TAX TYA LDY CPX BEQ LSR BCC LSR LSR ORA DEY BNE INY DEY BNE RTS DFB JSR PHA LDA JSR LDX JSR CPY INY BCC LDX CPY BCC PLA TAY LDA STA LDA STA
PCH PRYX2 PRBLNK (PCL,X) IEVEN ERR #$A2 ERR #$87 FMT1,X SCRN2 GETFMT #$80 #$00 FMT2,X FORMAT #$03 LENGTH #$8F #$03 #$8A MNNDX3 MNNDX3 #$20 MNNDX2 MNNDX1
;FOLLOWED BY A BLANK ;GET OP CODE ;EVEN/ODD TEST ;BIT 1 TEST ;XXXXXX11 INVALID OP ;OPCODE $89 INVALID ;MASK BITS ;LSB INTO CARRY FOR L/R TEST ;GET FORMAT INDEX BYTE ;R/L H-BYTE ON CARRY ;SUBSTITUTE $80 FOR INVALID OPS ;SET PRINT FORMAT INDEX TO 0 ;INDEX INTO PRINT FORMAT TABLE ;SAVE FOR ADR FIELD FORMATTING ;MASK FOR 2-BIT LENGTH ; (P=1 BYTE, 1=2 BYTE, 2=3 BYTE) ;OPCODE ;MASK FOR 1XXX1010 TEST ; SAVE IT ;OPCODE TO A AGAIN
MNNDX1 MNNDX2
;FORM INDEX INTO MNEMONIC TABLE ;1) ;2) ;3) ;4) ;5) 1XXX1010->00101XXX XXXYYY01->00111XXX XXXYYY10->00110XXX XXXYY100->00100XXX XXXXX000->000XXXXX
MNNDX3
INSTDSP PRNTOP PRNTBL
$FF,$FF,$FF INSDS1 ;GEN FMT, LEN BYTES ;SAVE MNEMONIC TABLE INDEX (PCL),Y PRBYTE #$01 ;PRINT 2 BLANKS PRBL2 LENGTH ;PRINT INST (1-3 BYTES) ;IN A 12 CHR FIELD PRNTOP #$03 ;CHAR COUNT FOR MNEMONIC PRINT #$04 PRNTBL ;RECOVER MNEMONIC INDEX MNEML,Y LMNEM MNEMR,Y RMNEM ;FETCH 3-CHAR MNEMONIC ; (PACKED IN 2-BYTES)
F8F5: F8F7: F8F9: F8FB: F8FD: F8FE: F8FF: F901: F903: F906: F907: F909: F90C: F90E: F910: F912: F914: F916: F918: F91B: F91E: F921: F923: F926: F927: F929: F92A: F92B: F92D: F930: F932: F934: F936: F938: F93B: F93C: F93D: F93F: F940: F941: F944: F945: F948: F94A: F94C: F94F: F950: F952: F953: F954: F956: F958: F959: F95B: F95C: F95E: F960: F961:
A9 A0 06 26 2A 88 D0 69 20 CA D0 20 A4 A2 E0 F0 06 90 BD 20 BD F0 20 CA D0 60 88 30 20 A5 C9 B1 90 20 AA E8 D0 C8 98 20 8A 4C A2 A9 20 CA D0 60 38 A5 A4 AA 10 88 65 90 C8 60
00 05 2D 2C F8 BF ED FD EC 48 2F 06 03 1C 2E 0E B3 ED B9 03 ED E7 E7 DA FD 2E E8 3A F2 56 F9 01 DA FD DA FD 03 A0 ED FD F8 2F 3B 01 3A 01 F9
F9 FD F9 FD
243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304
PRMN1
LDA LDY PRMN2 ASL ROL ROL DEY BNE ADC JSR DEX BNE JSR LDY LDX PRADR1 CPX BEQ PRADR2 ASL BCC LDA JSR LDA BEQ JSR PRADR3 DEX BNE RTS PRADR4 DEY BMI JSR PRADR5 LDA CMP LDA BCC RELADR JSR TAX INX BNE INY PRNTYX TYA PRNTAX JSR PRNTX TXA JMP PRBLNK LDX PRBL2 LDA PRBL3 JSR DEX BNE RTS PCADJ SEC PCADJ2 LDA PCADJ3 LDY TAX BPL DEY PCADJ4 ADC BCC INY RTS2 RTS * FMT1 BYTES: * IF Y=0 * IF Y=1 *
#$00 #$05 RMNEM LMNEM PRMN2 #$BF COUT PRMN1 PRBLNK LENGTH #$06 #$03 PRADR5 FORMAT PRADR3 CHAR1-1,X COUT CHAR2-1,X PRADR3 COUT PRADR1 PRADR2 PRBYTE FORMAT #$E8 (PCL),Y PRADR4 PCADJ3 PRNTYX PRBYTE PRBYTE #$03 #$A0 COUT PRBL2 LENGTH PCH PCADJ4 PCL RTS2
;SHIFT 5 BITS OF ; CHARACTER INTO A ; (CLEARS CARRY) ;ADD "?" OFFSET ;OUTPUT A CHAR OF MNEM ;OUTPUT 3 BLANKS ;CNT FOR 6 FORMAT BITS ;IF X=3 THEN ADDR.
;HANDLE REL ADR MODE ;SPECIAL (PRINT TARGET, ; NOT OFFSET) ;PCL,PCH+OFFSET+1 TO A,Y ;+1 TO Y,X ;OUTPUT TARGET ADR ; OF BRANCH AND RETURN ;BLANK COUNT ;LOAD A SPACE ;OUTPUT A BLANK ;LOOP UNTIL COUNT=0 ;0=1-BYTE, 1=2-BYTE ; 2=3-BYTE ;TEST DISPLACEMENT SIGN ; (FOR REL BRANCH) ;EXTEND NEG BY DEC PCH ;PCL+LENGTH(OR DISPL)+1 TO A ; CARRY INTO Y (PCH)
XXXXXXY0 INSTRS THEN LEFT HALF BYTE THEN RIGHT HALF BYTE (X=INDEX)
F962: F965: F967: F96A: F96C: F96F: F971: F974: F976: F979: F97B: F97E: F980: F983: F985: F988: F98A: F98D: F98F: F992: F994: F997: F999: F99C: F99E: F9A1: F9A2: F9A5: F9A6: F9A7: F9A8: F9A9: F9AA: F9AB: F9AC: F9AD: F9AE: F9AF: F9B0: F9B1: F9B2: F9B3: F9B4: F9B7: F9BA: F9BD:
04 30 80 03 54 80 90 54 0D 90 20 0D 04 22 33 44 11 33 C8 01 44 80 90 44 0D 90 26 9A 00 21 81 82 00 00 59 4D 91 92 86 4A 85 9D AC A3 D9 A4
20 0D 04 22 33 04 04 33 80 04 54 80 90 44 0D 00 22 0D 44 22 33 04 01 33 80
54 90 0D 20 04 3B 00 C8 44 A9 0D 22 04
305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346
FMT1
DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB
$04,$20,$54,$30,$0D $80,$04,$90,$03,$22 $54,$33,$0D,$80,$04 $90,$04,$20,$54,$33 $0D,$80,$04,$90,$04 $20,$54,$3B,$0D,$80 $04,$90,$00,$22,$44 $33,$0D,$C8,$44,$00 $11,$22,$44,$33,$0D $C8,$44,$A9,$01,$22 $44,$33,$0D,$80,$04 $90,$01,$22,$44,$33 $0D,$80,$04,$90 $26,$31,$87,$9A ;$ZZXXXY01 INSTR'S $00 $21 $81 $82 $00 $00 $59 $4D $91 $92 $86 $4A $85 $9D ",),#($" ;ERR ;IMM ;Z-PAGE ;ABS ;IMPLIED ;ACCUMULATOR ;(ZPAG,X) ;(ZPAG),Y ;ZPAG,X ;ABS,X ;ABS,Y ;(ABS) ;ZPAG,Y ;RELATIVE
31 87
FMT2
A9 A8 00 A4
AC A4 D8 00
CHAR1 CHAR2
DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB ASC DFB
$D9,$00,$D8,$A4,$A4,$00
F9C0: F9C3: F9C6: F9C9: F9CC: F9CF: F9D2: F9D5:
1C 23 1B 8A 9D A1 19 A8
8A 5D A1 1D 8B 00 AE 19
1C 8B 9D 23 1D 29 69 23
*CHAR2: "Y",0,"X$$",0 * MNEML IS OF FORM: * (A) XXXXX000 * (B) XXXYY100 * (C) 1XXX1010 * (D) XXXYYY10 * (E) XXXYYY01 * (X=INDEX) MNEML DFB $1C,$8A,$1C,$23,$5D,$8B DFB DFB DFB $1B,$A1,$9D,$8A,$1D,$23 $9D,$8B,$1D,$A1,$00,$29 $19,$AE,$69,$A8,$19,$23
F9D8: F9DB: F9DE: F9E0: F9E3: F9E6: F9E8: F9EB: F9EE: F9F0: F9F3: F9F6: F9F8: F9FB: F9FE: FA00: FA03: FA06: FA09: FA0C: FA0F: FA12: FA15: FA18: FA1B: FA1E: FA20: FA23: FA26: FA28: FA2B: FA2E: FA30: FA33: FA36: FA38: FA3B: FA3E: FA40: FA43: FA46: FA47: FA49: FA4A: FA4C: FA4E: FA51: FA53: FA54: FA56: FA58: FA5A: FA5C: FA5E: FA60: FA62: FA64: FA66: FA68: FA6A: FA6C: FA6E:
24 23 19 00 5B 24 AE AD 7C 15 9C 29 84 11 23 D8 48 94 44 68 94 08 B4 74 4A A4 00 A2 74 44 32 22 1A 26 88 C4 48 A2 FF 20 68 85 68 85 A2 BD 95 CA D0 A1 F0 A4 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0
53 24 A1 1A A5 24 AE 29 00 9C A5 53 13 A5 A0 62 26 88 C8 44 00 84 28 F4 72 8A AA 74 72 68 B2 00 1A 72 C8 CA 44 C8 FF D0 2C
1B 53 5B 69 A8 00 6D 69 34 69 5A 62 54 54 E8 B4 74 6E CC F2 A2 74 B2 00 26 72 26 44 FF F8
347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 MNEMR
DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB JSR PLA STA PLA STA LDX LDA STA DEX BNE LDA BEQ LDY CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ
$24,$53,$1B,$23,$24,$53 $19,$A1 ;(A) FORMAT ABOVE $00,$1A,$5B,$5B,$A5,$69 $24,$24 ;(B) FORMAT $AE,$AE,$A8,$AD,$29,$00 $7C,$00 ;(C) FORMAT $15,$9C,$6D,$9C,$A5,$69 $29,$53 ;(D) FORMAT $84,$13,$34,$11,$A5,$69 $23,$A0 ;(E) FORMAT $D8,$62,$5A,$48,$26,$62 $94,$88,$54,$44,$C8,$54 $68,$44,$E8,$94,$00,$B4 $08,$84,$74,$B4,$28,$6E $74,$F4,$CC,$4A,$72,$F2 $A4,$8A ;(A) FORMAT $00,$AA,$A2,$A2,$74,$74 $74,$72 ;(B) FORMAT $44,$68,$B2,$32,$B2,$00 $22,$00 ;(C) FORMAT $1A,$1A,$26,$26,$72,$72 $88,$C8 ;(D) FORMAT $C4,$CA,$26,$48,$44,$44 $A2,$C8 ;(E) FORMAT $FF,$FF,$FF INSTDSP ;DISASSEMBLE ONE INST ; AT (PCL,H) RTNL ;ADJUST TO USER ; STACK. SAVE RTNH ; RTN ADR. #$08 INITBL-1,X ;INIT XEQ AREA XQT,X XQINIT (PCL,X) XBRK LENGTH #$20 XJSR #$60 XRTS #$4C XJMP #$6C XJMPAT #$40 XRTI ;USER OPCODE BYTE ;SPECIAL IF BREAK ;LEN FROM DISASSEMBLY ;HANDLE JSR, RTS, JMP, ; JMP (), RTI SPECIAL
STEP
2D 08 10 FB 3C F8 3A 42 2F 20 59 60 45 4C 5C 6C 59 40 35
XQINIT
FA70: FA72: FA74: FA76: FA78: FA7A: FA7D: FA7E: FA80: FA83: FA86: FA88: FA89: FA8A: FA8B: FA8C: FA8D: FA8F: FA92: FA93: FA96: FA97: FA99: FA9A: FA9C: FA9F: FAA2: FAA5: FAA6: FAA7: FAA9: FAAA: FAAC: FAAD: FAAF: FAB1: FAB4: FAB6: FAB7: FAB9: FABA: FABD: FABE: FABF: FAC0: FAC1: FAC2: FAC4: FAC5: FAC7: FAC8: FAC9: FACB: FACD: FACF: FAD1: FAD3: FAD4: FAD6: FAD7: FADA: FADC:
29 49 C9 F0 B1 99 88 10 20 4C 85 68 48 0A 0A 0A 30 6C 28 20 68 85 68 85 20 20 4C 18 68 85 68 85 68 85 A5 20 84 18 90 18 20 AA 98 48 8A 48 A0 18 B1 AA 88 B1 86 85 B0 A5 48 A5 48 20 A9 85
1F 14 04 02 3A 3C 00 F8 3F FF 3C 00 45
03 FE 03 4C FF 3A 3B 82 F8 DA FA 65 FF 48 3A 3B 2F 56 F9 3B 14 54 F9
02 3A 3A 3B 3A F3 2D 2C 8E FD 45 40
395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456
XQ1 XQ2
IRQ
BREAK
XBRK XRTI XRTS PCINC2 PCINC3
XJSR
XJMP XJMPAT
NEWPCL RTNJMP
REGDSP RGDSP1
AND EOR CMP BEQ LDA STA DEY BPL JSR JMP STA PLA PHA ASL ASL ASL BMI JMP PLP JSR PLA STA PLA STA JSR JSR JMP CLC PLA STA PLA STA PLA STA LDA JSR STY CLC BCC CLC JSR TAX TYA PHA TXA PHA LDY CLC LDA TAX DEY LDA STX STA BCS LDA PHA LDA PHA JSR LDA STA
#$1F #$14 #$04 XQ2 (PCL),Y XQT,Y XQ1 RESTORE XQT ACC
;COPY USER INST TO XEQ AREA ; WITH TRAILING NOPS ;CHANGE REL BRANCH ; DISP TO 4 FOR ; JMP TO BRANCH OR ; NBRANCH FROM XEQ. ;RESTORE USER REG CONTENTS. ;XEQ USER OP FROM RAM ; (RETURN TO NBRANCH) ;**IRQ HANDLER
BREAK (IRQLOC) SAV1 PCL PCH INSDS1 RGDSP1 MON STATUS PCL PCH LENGTH PCADJ3 PCH NEWPCL PCADJ2
;TEST FOR BREAK ;USER ROUTINE VECTOR IN RAM ;SAVE REG'S ON BREAK ; INCLUDING PC
;PRINT USER PC. ; AND REG'S ;GO TO MONITOR ;SIMULATE RTI BY EXPECTING ; STATUS FROM STACK, THEN RTS ;RTS SIMULATION ; EXTRACT PC FROM STACK ; AND UPDATE PC BY 1 (LEN=0) ;UPDATE PC BY LEN
;UPDATE PC AND PUSH ; ONTO STACH FOR ; JSR SIMULATE
#$02 (PCL),Y (PCL),Y PCH PCL XJMP RTNH RTNL CROUT #ACC A3L ;DISPLAY USER REG ; CONTENTS WITH ; LABELS ;LOAD PC FOR JMP, ; (JMP) SIMULATE.
FADE: FAE0: FAE2: FAE4: FAE6: FAE9: FAEC: FAEF: FAF1: FAF4: FAF6: FAF9: FAFA: FAFC: FAFD: FAFE: FB00: FB02: FB05: FB07: FB08: FB09: FB0B: FB0E: FB0F: FB11: FB12: FB13: FB16: FB19: FB1A: FB1B: FB1C: FB1D: FB1E: FB21: FB23: FB24: FB25: FB28: FB2A: FB2B: FB2D: FB2E: FB2F: FB31: FB33: FB36: FB39: FB3C: FB3E: FB40: FB43: FB46: FB49: FB4B: FB4D: FB4F: FB51: FB53: FB55: FB57:
A9 85 A2 A9 20 BD 20 A9 20 B5 20 E8 30 60 18 A0 B1 20 85 98 38 B0 20 38 B0 EA EA 4C 4C C1 D8 D9 D0 D3 AD A0 EA EA BD 10 C8 D0 88 60 A9 85 AD AD AD A9 F0 AD AD 20 A9 85 A9 85 A9 85 A9 85
00 41 FB A0 ED 1E ED BD ED 4A DA E8
FD FA FD FD FD
01 3A 56 F9 3A A2 4A FF 9E 0B FB FD FA
70 C0 00 64 C0 04 F8 00 48 56 54 51 00 0B 50 53 36 14 22 00 20 28 21 18 23
C0 C0 C0 C0 C0 F8
457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518
RDSP1
BRANCH
NBRNCH INITBL
RTBL
PREAD
PREAD2
RTS2D INIT
SETTXT SETGR
SETWND
LDA STA LDX LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR INX BMI RTS CLC LDY LDA JSR STA TYA SEC BCS JSR SEC BCS NOP NOP JMP JMP DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB LDA LDY NOP NOP LDA BPL INY BNE DEY RTS LDA STA LDA LDA LDA LDA BEQ LDA LDA JSR LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA
#ACC/256 A3H #$FB #$A0 COUT RTBL-$FB,X COUT #$BD COUT ACC+5,X PRBYTE RDSP1 #$01 (PCL),Y PCADJ3 PCL PCINC2 SAVE PCINC3 NBRNCH BRANCH $C1 $D8 $D9 $D0 $D3 PTRIG #$00 PADDL0,X RTS2D PREAD2 #$00 STATUS LORES LOWSCR TXTSET #$00 SETWND TXTCLR MIXSET CLRTOP #$14 WNDTOP #$00 WNDLFT #$28 WNDWDTH #$18 WNDBTM ;BRANCH TAKEN, ; ADD LEN+2 TO PC
;NORMAL RETURN AFTER ; XEQ USER OF ;GO UPDATE PC ;DUMMY FILL FOR ; XEQ AREA
;TRIGGER PADDLES ;INIT COUNT ;COMPENSATE FOR 1ST COUNT ;COUNT Y-REG EVERY ; 12 USEC ; EXIT AT 255 MAX
;CLR STATUS FOR DEBUG ; SOFTWARE ;INIT VIDEO MODE ;SET FOR TEXT MODE ; FULL SCREEN WINDOW ;SET FOR GRAPHICS MODE ; LOWER 4 LINES AS ; TEXT WINDOW ;SET FOR 40 COL WINDOW ; TOP IN A-REG, ; BTTM AT LINE 24
VTAB TO ROW 23
FB59: FB5B: FB5D: FB60: FB63: FB65: FB67: FB68: FB6A: FB6B: FB6D: FB6F: FB71: FB73: FB74: FB76: FB78: FB79: FB7A: FB7B: FB7D: FB7E: FB80: FB81: FB84: FB86: FB88: FB8A: FB8C: FB8E: FB8F: FB91: FB93: FB94: FB96: FB98: FB9A: FB9C: FB9E: FBA0: FBA1: FBA3: FBA4: FBA6: FBA8: FBAA: FBAD: FBAF: FBB1: FBB3: FBB4: FBB5: FBB7: FBB9: FBBA: FBBC: FBBE: FBC0: FBC1: FBC2: FBC3: FBC5:
A9 85 4C 20 A0 A5 4A 90 18 A2 B5 75 95 E8 D0 A2 76 50 CA 10 88 D0 60 20 A0 06 26 26 26 38 A5 E5 AA A5 E5 90 86 85 E6 88 D0 60 A0 84 A2 20 A2 B5 10 38 98 F5 95 98 F5 95 E6 60 48 4A 29 09
17 25 22 FC A4 FB 10 50 0C FE 54 56 54 F7 03
FB E5 A4 FB 10 50 51 52 53 52 54 53 55 06 52 53 50 E3 00 2F 54 AF FB 50 01 0D 00 00 01 01 2F
03 04
519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580
TABV MULPM MUL MUL2
MUL3
MUL4 MUL5
DIVPM DIV DIV2
DIV3 MD1
MD3
MDRTS BASCALC
LDA STA JMP JSR LDY LDA LSR BCC CLC LDX LDA ADC STA INX BNE LDX DFB DFB DEX BPL DEY BNE RTS JSR LDY ASL ROL ROL ROL SEC LDA SBC TAX LDA SBC BCC STX STA INC DEY BNE RTS LDY STY LDX JSR LDX LDA BPL SEC TYA SBC STA TYA SBC STA INC RTS PHA LSR AND ORA
#$17 CV VTAB MD1 #$10 ACL MUL4 #$FE XTNDL+2,X AUXL+2,X XTNDL+2,X MUL3 #$03 $76 $50 MUL5 MUL2 MD1 #$10 ACL ACH XTNDL XTNDH XTNDL AUXL XTNDH AUXH DIV3 XTNDL XTNDH ACL DIV2 #$00 SIGN #AUXL MD3 #ACL LOC1,X MDRTS LOC0,X LOC0,X LOC1,X LOC1,X SIGN
;VTABS TO ROW IN A-REG ;ABS VAL OF AC AUX ;INDEX FOR 16 BITS ;ACX * AUX + XTND ; TO AC, XTND ;IF NO CARRY, ; NO PARTIAL PROD. ;ADD MPLCND (AUX) ; TO PARTIAL PROD ; (XTND)
;ABS VAL OF AC, AUX. ;INDEX FOR 16 BITS ;XTND/AUX ; TO AC. ;MOD TO XTND.
;ABS VAL OF AC, AUX ; WITH RESULT SIGN ; IN LSB OF SIGN. ;X SPECIFIES AC OR AUX
;COMPL SPECIFIED REG ; IF NEG.
#$03 #$04
;CALC BASE ADR IN BASL,H ; FOR GIVEN LINE NO ; 0<=LINE NO.<=$17 ;ARG=000ABCDE, GENERATE
FBC7: FBC9: FBCA: FBCC: FBCE: FBD0: FBD2: FBD3: FBD4: FBD6: FBD8: FBD9: FBDB: FBDD: FBDF: FBE2: FBE4: FBE6: FBE9: FBEC: FBED: FBEF: FBF0: FBF2: FBF4: FBF6: FBF8: FBFA: FBFC: FBFD: FBFF: FC01: FC02: FC04: FC06: FC08: FC0A: FC0C: FC0E: FC10: FC12: FC14: FC16: FC18: FC1A: FC1C: FC1E: FC20: FC22: FC24: FC27: FC29: FC2B: FC2C: FC2E: FC30: FC32: FC34: FC36: FC38: FC3A: FC3C:
85 68 29 90 69 85 0A 0A 05 85 60 C9 D0 A9 20 A0 A9 20 AD 88 D0 60 A4 91 E6 A5 C5 B0 60 C9 B0 A8 10 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 D0 C6 10 A5 85 C6 A5 C5 B0 C6 A5 20 65 85 60 49 F0 69 90 F0 69 90 F0 69
29 18 02 7F 28 28 28 87 12 40 A8 FC C0 0C A8 FC 30 C0 F5 24 28 24 24 21 66 A0 EF EC 8D 5A 8A 5A 88 C9 24 E8 21 24 24 22 25 0B 25 25 C1 FB 20 28 C0 28 FD C0 DA FD 2C DE FD
581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642
BSCLC2
BELL1
BELL2
RTS2B STOADV ADVANCE
RTS3 VIDOUT
BS
UP
VTAB VTABZ RTS4 ESC1
STA PLA AND BCC ADC STA ASL ASL ORA STA RTS CMP BNE LDA JSR LDY LDA JSR LDA DEY BNE RTS LDY STA INC LDA CMP BCS RTS CMP BCS TAY BPL CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BNE DEC BPL LDA STA DEC LDA CMP BCS DEC LDA JSR ADC STA RTS EOR BEQ ADC BCC BEQ ADC BCC BEQ ADC
BASH #$18 BSCLC2 #$7F BASL BASL BASL #$87 RTS2B #$40 WAIT #$C0 #$0C WAIT SPKR BELL2 CH (BASL),Y CH CH WNDWDTH CR #$A0 STOADV STOADV #$8D CR #$8A LF #$88 BELL1 CH RTS3 WNDWDTH CH CH WNDTOP CV RTS4 CV CV BASCALC WNDLFT BASL #$C0 HOME #$FD ADVANCE BS #$FD LF UP #$FD
; ; ;
BASH=000001CD AND BASL=EABAB000
;BELL CHAR? (CNTRL-G) ; NO, RETURN ;DELAY .01 SECONDS ;TOGGLE SPEAKER AT ; 1 KHZ FOR .1 SEC.
;CURSOR H INDEX TO Y-REG ;STORE CHAR IN LINE ;INCREMENT CURSOR H INDEX ; (MOVE RIGHT) ;BEYOND WINDOW WIDTH? ; YES CR TO NEXT LINE ; NO,RETURN ;CONTROL CHAR? ; NO,OUTPUT IT. ;INVERSE VIDEO? ; YES, OUTPUT IT. ;CR? ; YES. ;LINE FEED? ; IF SO, DO IT. ;BACK SPACE? (CNTRL-H) ; NO, CHECK FOR BELL. ;DECREMENT CURSOR H INDEX ;IF POS, OK. ELSE MOVE UP ;SET CH TO WNDWDTH-1 ;(RIGHTMOST SCREEN POS) ;CURSOR V INDEX ;IF TOP LINE THEN RETURN ;DEC CURSOR V-INDEX ;GET CURSOR V-INDEX ;GENERATE BASE ADR ;ADD WINDOW LEFT INDEX ;TO BASL ;ESC? ; IF SO, DO HOME AND CLEAR ;ESC-A OR B CHECK ; A, ADVANCE ; B, BACKSPACE ;ESC-C OR D CHECK ; C, DOWN ; D, GO UP ;ESC-E OR F CHECK
FC3E: FC40: FC42: FC44: FC46: FC47: FC4A: FC4D: FC4F: FC50: FC52: FC54: FC56: FC58: FC5A: FC5C: FC5E: FC60: FC62: FC64: FC66: FC68: FC6A: FC6C: FC6E: FC70: FC72: FC73: FC76: FC78: FC7A: FC7C: FC7E: FC80: FC81: FC82: FC84: FC86: FC88: FC89: FC8C: FC8E: FC90: FC91: FC93: FC95: FC97: FC9A: FC9C: FC9E: FCA0: FCA2: FCA3: FCA5: FCA7: FCA8: FCA9: FCAA: FCAC: FCAE: FCAF: FCB1:
90 D0 A4 A5 48 20 20 A0 68 69 C5 90 B0 A5 85 A0 84 F0 A9 85 E6 A5 C5 90 C6 A5 48 20 A5 85 A5 85 A4 88 68 69 C5 B0 48 20 B1 91 88 10 30 A0 20 B0 A4 A9 91 C8 C4 90 60 38 48 E9 D0 68 E9 D0
5C E9 24 25 24 FC 9E FC 00 00 23 F0 CA 22 25 00 24 E4 00 24 25 25 23 B6 25 22 24 FC 28 2A 29 2B 21 01 23 0D 24 FC 28 2A F9 E1 00 9E FC 86 24 A0 28 21 F9
01 FC 01 F6
643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704
CLREOP CLEOP1
HOME
CR LF
SCROLL SCRL1
SCRL2
SCRL3 CLREOL CLEOLZ CLEOL2
WAIT WAIT2 WAIT3
BCC BNE LDY LDA PHA JSR JSR LDY PLA ADC CMP BCC BCS LDA STA LDY STY BEQ LDA STA INC LDA CMP BCC DEC LDA PHA JSR LDA STA LDA STA LDY DEY PLA ADC CMP BCS PHA JSR LDA STA DEY BPL BMI LDY JSR BCS LDY LDA STA INY CPY BCC RTS SEC PHA SBC BNE PLA SBC BNE
CLREOL RTS4 CH CV VTABZ CLEOLZ #$00 #$00 WNDBTM CLEOP1 VTAB WNDTOP CV #$00 CH CLEOP1 #$00 CH CV CV WNDBTM VTABZ CV WNDTOP VTABZ BASL BAS2L BASH BAS2H WNDWDTH #$01 WNDBTM SCRL3 VTABZ (BASL),Y (BAS2L),Y SCRL2 SCRL1 #$00 CLEOLZ VTAB CH #$A0 (BASL),Y WNDWDTH CLEOL2
; E, CLEAR TO END OF LINE ; NOT F, RETURN ;CURSOR H TO Y INDEX ;CURSOR V TO A-REGISTER ;SAVE CURRENT LINE ON STK ;CALC BASE ADDRESS ;CLEAR TO EOL, SET CARRY ;CLEAR FROM H INDEX=0 FOR REST ;INCREMENT CURRENT LINE ;(CARRY IS SET) ;DONE TO BOTTOM OF WINDOW? ; NO, KEEP CLEARING LINES ; YES, TAB TO CURRENT LINE ;INIT CURSOR V ; AND H-INDICES ;THEN CLEAR TO END OF PAGE ;CURSOR TO LEFT OF INDEX ;(RET CURSOR H=0) ;INCR CURSOR V(DOWN 1 LINE) ;OFF SCREEN? ; NO, SET BASE ADDR ;DECR CURSOR V (BACK TO BOTTOM) ;START AT TOP OF SCRL WNDW ;GENERATE BASE ADR ;COPY BASL,H ; TO BAS2L,H ;INIT Y TO RIGHTMOST INDEX ; OF SCROLLING WINDOW ;INCR LINE NUMBER ;DONE? ; YES, FINISH ;FORM BASL,H (BASE ADDR) ;MOVE A CHR UP ON LINE ;NEXT CHAR OF LINE ;NEXT LINE (ALWAYS TAKEN) ;CLEAR BOTTOM LINE ;GET BASE ADDR FOR BOTTOM LINE ;CARRY IS SET ;CURSOR H INDEX ;STORE BLANKS FROM 'HERE' ; TO END OF LINES (WNDWDTH)
#$01 WAIT3 #$01 WAIT2
;1.0204 USEC ;(13+27/2*A+5/2*A*A)
FCB3: FCB4: FCB6: FCB8: FCBA: FCBC: FCBE: FCC0: FCC2: FCC4: FCC6: FCC8: FCC9: FCCB: FCCE: FCD0: FCD2: FCD4: FCD6: FCD9: FCDA: FCDB: FCDC: FCDE: FCE0: FCE2: FCE3: FCE5: FCE8: FCEA: FCEB: FCEC: FCEE: FCEF: FCF2: FCF3: FCF4: FCF6: FCF7: FCF9: FCFA: FCFD: FCFE: FD01: FD03: FD05: FD07: FD09: FD0B: FD0C: FD0E: FD10: FD11: FD13: FD15: FD17: FD18: FD1B: FD1D: FD1F: FD21: FD24:
60 E6 D0 E6 A5 C5 A5 E5 E6 D0 E6 60 A0 20 D0 69 B0 A0 20 C8 C8 88 D0 90 A0 88 D0 AC A0 CA 60 A2 48 20 68 2A A0 CA D0 60 20 88 AD 45 10 45 85 C0 60 A4 B1 48 29 09 91 68 6C E6 D0 E6 2C 10
42 02 43 3C 3E 3D 3F 3C 02 3D 4B DB FC F9 FE F5 21 DB FC
FD 05 32 FD 20 C0 2C 08 FA FC 3A F5 FD FC 60 C0 2F F8 2F 2F 80 24 28 3F 40 28 38 00 4E 02 4F 00 C0 F5
705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766
NXTA4 NXTA1
RTS4B HEADR
WRBIT ZERDLY
ONEDLY WRTAPE
RDBYTE RDBYT2
RD2BIT RDBIT
RDKEY
KEYIN KEYIN2
RTS INC BNE INC LDA CMP LDA SBC INC BNE INC RTS LDY JSR BNE ADC BCS LDY JSR INY INY DEY BNE BCC LDY DEY BNE LDY LDY DEX RTS LDX PHA JSR PLA ROL LDY DEX BNE RTS JSR DEY LDA EOR BPL EOR STA CPY RTS LDY LDA PHA AND ORA STA PLA JMP INC BNE INC BIT BPL
A4L NXTA1 A4H A1L A2L A1H A2H A1L RTS4B A1H #$4B ZERDLY HEADR #$FE HEADR #$21 ZERDLY
;INCR 2-BYTE A4 ; AND A1 ;INCR 2-BYTE A1. ; ; AND COMPARE TO A2 (CARRY SET IF >=)
;WRITE A*256 'LONG 1' ; HALF CYCLES ; (650 USEC EACH) ;THEN A 'SHORT 0' ; (400 USEC) ;WRITE TWO HALF CYCLES ; OF 250 USEC ('0') ; OR 500 USEC ('0') ;Y IS COUNT FOR ; TIMING LOOP
ZERDLY WRTAPE #$32 ONEDLY TAPEOUT #$2C #$08 RD2BIT #$3A RDBYT2 RDBIT TAPEIN LASTIN RDBIT LASTIN LASTIN #$80 CH (BASL),Y #$3F #$40 (BASL),Y (KSWL) RNDL KEYIN2 RNDH KBD KEYIN
;8 BITS TO READ ;READ TWO TRANSITIONS ; (FIND EDGE) ;NEXT BIT ;COUNT FOR SAMPLES
;DECR Y UNTIL ; TAPE TRANSITION
;SET CARRY ON Y ;SET SCREEN TO FLASH
;GO TO USER KEY-IN ;INCR RND NUMBER ;KEY DOWN? ; LOOP
FD26: FD28: FD2B: FD2E: FD2F: FD32: FD35: FD38: FD3A: FD3C: FD3D: FD3F: FD40: FD42: FD44: FD47: FD4A: FD4B: FD4D: FD50: FD52: FD54: FD56: FD58: FD5A: FD5C: FD5F: FD60: FD62: FD64: FD67: FD6A: FD6C: FD6F: FD71: FD72: FD74: FD75: FD78: FD7A: FD7C: FD7E: FD80: FD82: FD84: FD87: FD89: FD8B: FD8E: FD90: FD92: FD94: FD96: FD99: FD9C: FD9E: FDA0: FDA3: FDA5: FDA7: FDA9: FDAB:
91 AD 2C 60 20 20 20 C9 F0 60 A5 48 A9 85 BD 20 68 85 BD C9 F0 C9 F0 E0 90 20 E8 D0 A9 20 20 A5 20 A2 8A F0 CA 20 C9 D0 B1 C9 90 29 9D C9 D0 20 A9 D0 A4 A6 20 20 A0 A9 4C A5 09 85 A5 85
28 00 C0 10 C0 0C FD 2C FC 0C FD 9B F3 32 FF 32 00 02 ED FD 32 00 02 88 1D 98 0A F8 03 3A FF 13 DC ED FD 8E FD 33 ED FD 01 F3 35 95 02 28 E0 02 DF 00 8D B2 9C 8D 5B 3D 3C 8E 40 00 AD ED 3C 07 3E 3D 3F FD
02 FC
FD F9 FD
767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828
ESC RDCHAR
NOTCR
NOTCR1 CANCEL GETLNZ GETLN BCKSPC NXTCHAR
CAPTST ADDINP
CROUT PRA1 PRYX2
XAM8
STA LDA BIT RTS JSR JSR JSR CMP BEQ RTS LDA PHA LDA STA LDA JSR PLA STA LDA CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CPX BCC JSR INX BNE LDA JSR JSR LDA JSR LDX TXA BEQ DEX JSR CMP BNE LDA CMP BCC AND STA CMP BNE JSR LDA BNE LDY LDX JSR JSR LDY LDA JMP LDA ORA STA LDA STA
(BASL),Y KBD KBDSTRB RDKEY ESC1 RDKEY #$9B ESC INVFLG #$FF INVFLG IN,X COUT INVFLG IN,X #$88 BCKSPC #$98 CANCEL #$F8 NOTCR1 BELL NXTCHAR #$DC COUT CROUT PROMPT COUT #$01 GETLNZ RDCHAR #PICK CAPTST (BASL),Y #$E0 ADDINP #$DF IN,X #$8D NOTCR CLREOL #$8D COUT A1H A1L CROUT PRNTYX #$00 #$AD COUT A1L #$07 A2L A1H A2H
;REPLACE FLASHING SCREEN ;GET KEYCODE ;CLR KEY STROBE ;GET KEYCODE ; HANDLE ESC FUNC. ;READ KEY ;ESC? ; YES, DON'T RETURN
;ECHO USER LINE ; NON INVERSE
;CHECK FOR EDIT KEYS ; BS, CTRL-X ;MARGIN? ; YES, SOUND BELL ;ADVANCE INPUT INDEX ;BACKSLASH AFTER CANCELLED LINE ;OUTPUT CR ;OUTPUT PROMPT CHAR ;INIT INPUT INDEX ; WILL BACKSPACE TO 0
;USE SCREEN CHAR ; FOR CTRL-U ;CONVERT TO CAPS ;ADD TO INPUT BUF ;CLR TO EOL IF CR ;PRINT CR,A1 IN HEX
;PRINT '-' ;SET TO FINISH AT ; MOD 8=7
FDAD: FDAF: FDB1: FDB3: FDB6: FDB8: FDBB: FDBD: FDC0: FDC3: FDC5: FDC6: FDC7: FDC9: FDCA: FDCB: FDCD: FDCF: FDD1: FDD3: FDD4: FDD6: FDD9: FDDA: FDDB: FDDC: FDDD: FDDE: FDDF: FDE2: FDE3: FDE5: FDE7: FDE9: FDEB: FDED: FDF0: FDF2: FDF4: FDF6: FDF8: FDF9: FDFC: FDFD: FDFF: FE00: FE02: FE04: FE05: FE07: FE09: FE0B: FE0D: FE0F: FE11: FE13: FE15: FE17: FE18: FE1A: FE1D: FE1F:
A5 29 D0 20 A9 20 B1 20 20 90 60 4A 90 4A 4A A5 90 49 65 48 A9 20 68 48 4A 4A 4A 4A 20 68 29 09 C9 90 69 6C C9 90 25 84 48 20 68 A4 60 C6 F0 CA D0 C9 D0 85 A5 91 E6 D0 E6 60 A4 B9 85 60
3C 07 03 92 A0 ED 3C DA BA E8 EA 3E 02 FF 3C
FD FD FD FC
BD ED FD
E5 FD 0F B0 BA 02 06 36 00 A0 02 32 35 FD FB 35 34 9F 16 BA BB 31 3E 40 40 02 41 34 FF 01 31
829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890
MODSCHK XAM DATAOUT
RTS4C XAMPM
ADD
PRBYTE
PRHEX PRHEXZ
COUT COUT1 COUTZ
BL1 BLANK
STOR
RTS5 SETMODE SETMDZ
LDA AND BNE JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR JSR BCC RTS LSR BCC LSR LSR LDA BCC EOR ADC PHA LDA JSR PLA PHA LSR LSR LSR LSR JSR PLA AND ORA CMP BCC ADC JMP CMP BCC AND STY PHA JSR PLA LDY RTS DEC BEQ DEX BNE CMP BNE STA LDA STA INC BNE INC RTS LDY LDA STA RTS
A1L #$07 DATAOUT PRA1 #$A0 COUT (A1L),Y PRBYTE NXTA1 MODSCHK XAM A2L ADD #$FF A1L #$BD COUT
;OUTPUT BLANK ;OUTPUT BYTE IN HEX ;CHECK IF TIME TO, ; PRINT ADDR ;DETERMINE IF MON ; MODE IS XAM ; ADD, OR SUB
;SUB: FORM 2'S COMPLEMENT
;PRINT '=', THEN RESULT ;PRINT BYTE AS 2 HEX ; DIGITS, DESTROYS A-REG
PRHEXZ #$0F #$B0 #$BA COUT #$06 (CSWL) #$A0 COUTZ INVFLG YSAV1 VIDOUT YSAV1 YSAV XAM8 SETMDZ #$BA XAMPM MODE A2L (A3L),Y A3L RTS5 A3H YSAV IN-1,Y MODE ;PRINT HEX DIG IN A-REG ; LSB'S
;VECTOR TO USER OUTPUT ROUTINE ;DON'T OUTPUT CTRL'S INVERSE ;MASK WITH INVERSE FLAG ;SAV Y-REG ;SAV A-REG ;OUTPUT A-REG AS ASCII ;RESTORE A-REG ; AND Y-REG ; THEN RETURN ;BLANK TO MON ;AFTER BLANK ;DATA STORE MODE? ; NO, XAM, ADD, OR SUB ;KEEP IN STORE MODE ;STORE AS LOW BYTE AS (A3) ;INCR A3, RETURN ;SAVE CONVERTED ':', '+', ; '-', '.' AS MODE.
FE20: FE22: FE24: FE26: FE28: FE29: FE2B: FE2C: FE2E: FE30: FE33: FE35: FE36: FE38: FE3A: FE3C: FE3F: FE41: FE44: FE46: FE49: FE4B: FE4E: FE50: FE53: FE55: FE58: FE5B: FE5D: FE5E: FE61: FE63: FE64: FE67: FE6A: FE6C: FE6E: FE6F: FE70: FE72: FE74: FE75: FE76: FE78: FE7A: FE7C: FE7D: FE7F: FE80: FE82: FE84: FE86: FE88: FE89: FE8B: FE8D: FE8F: FE91: FE93: FE95: FE97: FE99:
A2 B5 95 95 CA 10 60 B1 91 20 90 60 B1 D1 F0 20 B1 20 A9 20 A9 20 B1 20 A9 20 20 90 60 20 A9 48 20 20 85 84 68 38 E9 D0 60 8A F0 B5 95 CA 10 60 A0 D0 A0 84 60 A9 85 A2 A0 D0 A9 85 A2 A0
01 3E 42 44 F7 3C 42 B4 FC F7 3C 42 1C 92 3C DA A0 ED A8 ED 42 DA A9 ED B4 D9
FD FD FD FD FD FD FC
75 FE 14 D0 F8 53 F9 3A 3B 01 EF 07 3C 3A F9 3F 02 FF 32 00 3E 38 1B 08 00 3E 36 F0
891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952
LT LT2
MOVE
VFY
VFYOK LIST LIST2
A1PC A1PCLP
A1PCRTS SETINV SETNORM SETIFLG SETKBD INPORT INPRT SETVID OUTPORT OUTPRT
LDX LDA STA STA DEX BPL RTS LDA STA JSR BCC RTS LDA CMP BEQ JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR JSR BCC RTS JSR LDA PHA JSR JSR STA STY PLA SEC SBC BNE RTS TXA BEQ LDA STA DEX BPL RTS LDY BNE LDY STY RTS LDA STA LDX LDY BNE LDA STA LDX LDY
#$01 A2L,X A4L,X A5L,X LT2 (A1L),Y (A4L),Y NXTA4 MOVE (A1L),Y (A4L),Y VFYOK PRA1 (A1L),Y PRBYTE #$A0 COUT #$A8 COUT (A4L),Y PRBYTE #$A9 COUT NXTA4 VFY A1PC #$14 INSTDSP PCADJ PCL PCH #$01 LIST2 A1PCRTS A1L,X PCL,X A1PCLP #$3F SETIFLG #$FF INVFLG #$00 A2L #KSWL #KEYIN IOPRT #$00 A2L #CSWL #COUT1
;COPY A2 (2 BYTES) TO ; A4 AND A5
;MOVE (A1 TO A2) TO ; (A4)
;VERIFY (A1 TO A2) WITH ; (A4)
;MOVE A1 (2 BYTES) TO ; PC IF SPEC'D AND ; DISEMBLE 20 INSTRS ;ADJUST PC EACH INSTR
;NEXT OF 20 INSTRS ;IF USER SPEC'D ADR ; COPY FROM A1 TO PC
;SET FOR INVERSE VID ; VIA COUT1 ;SET FOR NORMAL VID ;SIMULATE PORT #0 INPUT ; SPECIFIED (KEYIN ROUTINE)
;SIMULATE PORT #0 OUTPUT ; SPECIFIED (COUT1 ROUTINE)
FE9B: FE9D: FE9F: FEA1: FEA3: FEA5: FEA7: FEA9: FEAB: FEAD: FEAE: FEAF: FEB0: FEB3: FEB6: FEB9: FEBC: FEBF: FEC2: FEC4: FEC7: FECA: FECD: FECF: FED2: FED4: FED6: FED8: FED9: FEDB: FEDE: FEE1: FEE3: FEE4: FEE6: FEE8: FEEB: FEED: FEEF: FEF0: FEF3: FEF5: FEF6: FEF9: FEFA: FEFB: FEFD: FF00: FF02: FF05: FF07: FF0A: FF0C: FF0F: FF11: FF14: FF16: FF19: FF1B: FF1D: FF1F: FF22:
A5 29 F0 09 A0 F0 A9 94 95 60 EA EA 4C 4C 20 20 6C 4C C6 20 4C 4C A9 20 A0 A2 41 48 A1 20 20 A0 68 90 A0 20 F0 A2 0A 20 D0 60 20 68 68 D0 20 A9 20 85 20 A0 20 B0 20 A0 20 81 45 85 20 A0
3E 0F 06 C0 00 02 FD 00 01
00 03 75 3F 3A D7 34 75 43 F8 40 C9 27 00 3C
E0 E0 FE FF 00 FA FE FA 03 FC
3C ED FE BA FC 1D EE 22 ED FE 4D 10 D6 FC FA 00 FE 6C FA 16 C9 2E FA 24 FD F9 FD 3B EC 3C 2E 2E BA 35
FC FC FC FC FC FC
FC
953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014
IOPRT
IOPRT1 IOPRT2
XBASIC BASCONT GO REGZ TRACE STEPZ USR WRITE WR1
WRBYTE WRBYT2
CRMON
READ
RD2
RD3
LDA AND BEQ ORA LDY BEQ LDA STY STA RTS NOP NOP JMP JMP JSR JSR JMP JMP DEC JSR JMP JMP LDA JSR LDY LDX EOR PHA LDA JSR JSR LDY PLA BCC LDY JSR BEQ LDX ASL JSR BNE RTS JSR PLA PLA BNE JSR LDA JSR STA JSR LDY JSR BCS JSR LDY JSR STA EOR STA JSR LDY
A2L ;SET RAM IN/OUT VECTORS #$0F IOPRT1 #IOADR/256 #$00 IOPRT2 #COUT1/256 LOC0,X LOC1,X
BASIC BASIC2 A1PC RESTORE (PCL) REGDSP YSAV A1PC STEP USRADR #$40 HEADR #$27 #$00 (A1L,X) (A1L,X) WRBYTE NXTA1 #$1D WR1 #$22 WRBYTE BELL #$10 WRBIT WRBYT2 BL1 MONZ RD2BIT #$16 HEADR CHKSUM RD2BIT #$24 RDBIT RD2 RDBIT #$3B RDBYTE (A1L,X) CHKSUM CHKSUM NXTA1 #$35
;TO BASIC WITH SCRATCH ;CONTINUE BASIC ;ADR TO PC IF SPEC'D ;RESTORE META REGS ;GO TO USER SUBR ;TO REG DISPLAY ;ADR TO PC IF SPEC'D ;TAKE ONE STEP ;TO USR SUBR AT USRADR ;WRITE 10-SEC HEADER
;HANDLE A CR AS BLANK ; THEN POP STACK ; AND RTN TO MON ;FIND TAPEIN EDGE ;DELAY 3.5 SECONDS ;INIT CHKSUM=$FF ;FIND TAPEIN EDGE ;LOOK FOR SYNC BIT ; (SHORT 0) ; LOOP UNTIL FOUND ;SKIP SECOND SYNC H-CYCLE ;INDEX FOR 0/1 TEST ;READ A BYTE ;STORE AT (A1) ;UPDATE RUNNING CHKSUM ;INC A1, COMPARE TO A2 ;COMPENSATE 0/1 INDEX
FF24: FF26: FF29: FF2B: FF2D: FF2F: FF32: FF34: FF37: FF3A: FF3C: FF3F: FF41: FF42: FF44: FF46: FF48: FF49: FF4A: FF4C: FF4E: FF50: FF51: FF52: FF54: FF55: FF57: FF58: FF59: FF5C: FF5F: FF62: FF65: FF66: FF69: FF6B: FF6D: FF70: FF73: FF76: FF78: FF7A: FF7B: FF7D: FF80: FF82: FF85: FF87: FF8A: FF8C: FF8D: FF8E: FF8F: FF90: FF91: FF93: FF95: FF96: FF98: FF9A: FF9C: FF9E:
90 20 C5 F0 A9 20 A9 20 20 A9 4C A5 48 A5 A6 A4 28 60 85 86 84 08 68 85 BA 86 D8 60 20 20 20 20 D8 20 A9 85 20 20 20 84 A0 88 30 D9 D0 20 A4 4C A2 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 26 26 CA 10 A5 D0 B5 95
F0 EC 2E 0D C5 ED D2 ED ED 87 ED 48 45 46 47 45 46 47 48 49 84 2F 93 89 3A AA 33 67 C7 A7 34 17
FC
FD FD FD FD
FE FB FE FE FF FD FF FF
E8 CC FF F8 BE FF 34 73 FF 03
3E 3F F8 31 06 3F 3D
1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076
PRERR
BELL RESTORE RESTR1
SAVE SAV1
RESET
MON MONZ
NXTITM CHRSRCH
DIG
NXTBIT
NXTBAS
BCC JSR CMP BEQ LDA JSR LDA JSR JSR LDA JMP LDA PHA LDA LDX LDY PLP RTS STA STX STY PHP PLA STA TSX STX CLD RTS JSR JSR JSR JSR CLD JSR LDA STA JSR JSR JSR STY LDY DEY BMI CMP BNE JSR LDY JMP LDX ASL ASL ASL ASL ASL ROL ROL DEX BPL LDA BNE LDA STA
RD3 RDBYTE CHKSUM BELL #$C5 COUT #$D2 COUT COUT #$87 COUT STATUS ACC XREG YREG ACC XREG YREG STATUS SPNT SETNORM INIT SETVID SETKBD BELL #$AA PROMPT GETLNZ ZMODE GETNUM YSAV #$17 MON CHRTBL,Y CHRSRCH TOSUB YSAV NXTITM #$03
;LOOP UNTIL DONE ;READ CHKSUM BYTE ;GOOD, SOUND BELL AND RETURN ;PRINT "ERR", THEN BELL
;OUTPUT BELL AND RETURN ;RESTORE 6502 REG CONTENTS ; USED BY DEBUG SOFTWARE
;SAVE 6502 REG CONTENTS
;SET SCREEN MODE ; AND INIT KBD/SCREEN ; AS I/O DEV'S ;MUST SET HEX MODE! ;'*' PROMPT FOR MON ;READ A LINE ;CLEAR MON MODE, SCAN IDX ;GET ITEM, NON-HEX ; CHAR IN A-REG ; X-REG=0 IF NO HEX INPUT ;NOT FOUND, GO TO MON ;FIND CMND CHAR IN TEL ;FOUND, CALL CORRESPONDING ; SUBROUTINE
;GOT HEX DIG, ; SHIFT INTO A2 A2L A2H NXTBIT MODE NXTBS2 A2H,X A1H,X ;LEAVE X=$FF IF DIG ;IF MODE IS ZERO ; THEN COPY A2 TO ; A1 AND A3
FFA0: FFA2: FFA3: FFA5: FFA7: FFA9: FFAB: FFAD: FFB0: FFB1: FFB3: FFB5: FFB7: FFB9: FFBB: FFBD: FFBE: FFC0: FFC1: FFC4: FFC5: FFC7: FFC9: FFCB: FFCC: FFCD: FFCE: FFCF: FFD0: FFD1: FFD2: FFD3: FFD4: FFD5: FFD6: FFD7: FFD8: FFD9: FFDA: FFDB: FFDC: FFDD: FFDE: FFDF: FFE0: FFE1: FFE2: FFE3: FFE4: FFE5: FFE6: FFE7: FFE8: FFE9: FFEA: FFEB: FFEC: FFED: FFEE: FFEF: FFF0: FFF1:
95 E8 F0 D0 A2 86 86 B9 C8 49 C9 90 69 C9 B0 60 A9 48 B9 48 A5 A0 84 60 BC B2 BE ED EF C4 EC A9 BB A6 A4 06 95 07 02 05 F0 00 EB 93 A7 C6 99 B2 C9 BE C1 35 8C C3 96 AF 17 17 2B 1F 83 7F
41 F3 06 00 3E 3F 00 02 B0 0A D3 88 FA CD FE E3 FF 31 00 31
1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138
NXTBS2 GETNUM NXTCHR
TOSUB
ZMODE CHRTBL
SUBTBL
STA INX BEQ BNE LDX STX STX LDA INY EOR CMP BCC ADC CMP BCS RTS LDA PHA LDA PHA LDA LDY STY RTS DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB
A3H,X NXTBAS NXTCHR #$00 A2L A2H IN,Y #$B0 #$0A DIG #$88 #$FA DIG #GO/256 SUBTBL,Y MODE #$00 MODE $BC $B2 $BE $ED $EF $C4 $EC $A9 $BB $A6 $A4 $06 $95 $07 $02 $05 $F0 $00 $EB $93 $A7 $C6 $99 BASCONT-1 USR-1 REGZ-1 TRACE-1 VFY-1 INPRT-1 STEPZ-1 OUTPRT-1 XBASIC-1 SETMODE-1 SETMODE-1 MOVE-1 LT-1 SETNORM-1 SETINV-1
;CLEAR A2 ;GET CHAR
;IF HEX DIG, THEN
;PUSH HIGH-ORDER ; SUBR ADR ON STK ;PUSH LOW-ORDER ; SUBR ADR ON STK ;CLR MODE, OLD MODE ; TO A-REG ; GO TO SUBR VIA RTS ;F("CTRL-C") ;F("CTRL-Y") ;F("CTRL-E") ;F("T") ;F("V") ;F("CTRL-K") ;F("S") ;F("CTRL-P") ;F("CTRL-B") ;F("-") ;F("+") ;F("M") (F=EX-OR $B0+$89) ;F("<") ;F("N") ;F("I") ;F("L") ;F("W") ;F("G") ;F("R") ;F(":") ;F(".") ;F("CR") ;F(BLANK)
FFF2: FFF3: FFF4: FFF5: FFF6: FFF7: FFF8: FFF9: FFFA: FFFB: FFFC: FFFD: FFFE: FFFF:
5D CC B5 FC 17 17 F5 03 FB 03 59 FF 86 FA
1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 XQTNZ
DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB EQU
LIST-1 WRITE-1 GO-1 READ-1 SETMODE-1 SETMODE-1 CRMON-1 BLANK-1 NMI NMI/256 RESET RESET/256 IRQ IRQ/256 $3C
;NMI VECTOR ;RESET VECTOR ;IRQ VECTOR
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Red Book Sweet-16 listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 *********************** * * * APPLE-II PSEUDO * * MACHINE INTERPRETER * * * * COPYRIGHT 1977 * * APPLE COMPUTER INC * * * * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED * * S. WOZNIAK * * * *********************** R0L R0H R14H R15L R15H SW16PAG SAVE RESTORE SW16 EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU ORG JSR PLA STA PLA STA JSR JMP INC BNE INC LDA PHA LDY LDA AND ASL TAX LSR EOR BEQ STX LSR LSR LSR TAY LDA PHA RTS INC BNE INC LDA PHA LDA $0 $1 $1D $1E $1F $F7 $FF4A $FF3F $F689 SAVE R15L R15H SW16C SW16B R15L SW16D R15H #SW16PAG #$0 (R15L),Y #$F ; TITLE "SWEET16 INTERPRETER"
F689: F68C: F68D: F68F: F690: F692: F695: F698: F69A: F69C: F69E: F6A0: F6A1: F6A3: F6A5: F6A7: F6A8: F6A9: F6AA: F6AC: F6AE: F6B0: F6B1: F6B2: F6B3: F6B4: F6B7: F6B8: F6B9: F6BB: F6BD: F6BF: F6C2: F6C3:
20 68 85 68 85 20 4C E6 D0 E6 A9 48 A0 B1 29 0A AA 4A 51 F0 86 4A 4A 4A A8 B9 48 60 E6 D0 E6 BD 48 A5
4A FF 1E 1F 98 F6 92 F6 1E 02 1F F7 00 1E 0F
;PRESERVE 6502 REG CONTENTS ;INIT SWEET16 PC ;FROM RETURN ; ADDRESS ;INTERPRET AND EXECUTE ;ONE SWEET16 INSTR. ;INCR SWEET16 PC FOR FETCH ;PUSH ON STACK FOR RTS ;FETCH INSTR ;MASK REG SPECIFICATION ;DOUBLE FOR TWO BYTE REGISTERS ;TO X REG FOR INDEXING ;NOW HAVE OPCODE ;IF ZERO THEN NON-REG OP ;INDICATE'PRIOR RESULT REG' ;OPCODE*2 TO LSB'S
SW16B SW16C SW16D
1E 0B 1D
(R15L),Y TOBR R14H
E1 F6 1E 02 1F E4 F6 1D
OPTBL-2,Y R15L TOBR2 R15H BRTBL,X R14H
;TO Y REG FOR INDEXING ;LOW ORDER ADR BYTE ;ONTO STACK ;GOTO REG-OP ROUTINE ;INCR PC ;LOW ORDER ADR BYTE ;ONTO STACK FOR NON-REG OP ;'PRIOR RESULT REG' INDEX
TOBR TOBR2
F6C5: F6C6: F6C7: F6C8: F6C9: F6CC: F6CF: F6D1: F6D3: F6D4: F6D6: F6D8: F6D9: F6DA: F6DC: F6DE: F6E0: F6E2: F6E3: F6E4: F6E5: F6E6: F6E7: F6E8: F6E9: F6EA: F6EB: F6EC: F6ED: F6EE: F6EF: F6F0: F6F1: F6F2: F6F3: F6F4: F6F5: F6F6: F6F7: F6F8: F6F9: F6FA: F6FB: F6FC: F6FD: F6FE: F6FF: F700: F701: F702: F703: F705: F707: F709: F70B: F70D: F70E: F710: F712: F714: F716:
4A 60 68 68 20 6C B1 95 88 B1 95 98 38 65 85 90 E6 60 02 F9 04 9D 0D 9E 25 AF 16 B2 47 B9 51 C0 2F C9 5B D2 85 DD 6E 05 33 E8 70 93 1E E7 65 E7 E7 E7 10 B5 85 B5 85 60 A5 95 A5 95 60
3F FF 1E 00 1E 01 1E 00 1E 1E 02 1F
CA 00 00 01 01 00 00 01 01
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
RTNZ
SETZ
SET2 OPTBL BRTBL
SET LD BK
ST
LSR RTS PLA PLA JSR JMP LDA STA DEY LDA STA TYA SEC ADC STA BCC INC RTS DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB DFB BPL LDA EQU STA LDA STA RTS LDA STA LDA STA RTS
;PREPARE CARRY FOR BC, BNC. ;GOTO NON-REG OP ROUTINE ;POP RETURN ADDRESS RESTORE (R15L) (R15L),Y R0H,X (R15L),Y R0L,X R15L R15L SET2 R15H SET-1 RTN-1 LD-1 BR-1 ST-1 BNC-1 LDAT-1 BC-1 STAT-1 BP-1 LDDAT-1 BM-1 STDAT-1 BZ-1 POP-1 BNZ-1 STPAT-1 BM1-1 ADD-1 BNM1-1 SUB-1 BK-1 POPD-1 RS-1 CPR-1 BS-1 INR-1 NUL-1 DCR-1 NUL-1 NUL-1 NUL-1 SETZ R0L,X *-1 R0L R0H,X R0H R0L R0L,X R0H R0H,X ;RESTORE 6502 REG CONTENTS ;RETURN TO 6502 CODE VIA PC ;HIGH-ORDER BYTE OF CONSTANT ;LOW-ORDER BYTE OF CONSTANT ;Y-REG CONTAINS 1 ;ADD 2 TO PC
;1X ;0 ;2X ;1 ;3X ;2 ;4X ;3 ;5X ;4 ;6X ;5 ;7X ;6 ;8X ;7 ;9X ;8 ;AX ;9 ;BX ;A ;CX ;B ;DX ;C ;EX ;D ;FX ;E ;UNUSED ;F ;ALWAYS TAKEN
;MOVE RX TO R0
;MOVE R0 TO RX
F717: F719: F71B: F71D: F71F: F721: F723: F725: F726: F728: F72A: F72C: F72E: F730: F732: F734: F737: F739: F73A: F73D: F73F: F741: F743: F745: F747: F748: F74B: F74D: F74F: F752: F755: F757: F759: F75C: F75F: F761: F763: F766: F768: F76A: F76C: F76E: F76F: F771: F772: F774: F776: F779: F77B: F77D: F780: F781: F783: F785: F786: F788: F78A: F78C: F78E: F790: F792: F794:
A5 81 A0 84 F6 D0 F6 60 A1 85 A0 84 F0 A0 F0 20 A1 A8 20 A1 85 84 A0 84 60 20 A1 85 4C 20 A5 81 4C 20 A5 81 4C B5 D0 D6 D6 60 A0 38 A5 F5 99 A5 F5 99 98 69 85 60 A5 75 85 A5 75 A0 F0 A5
00 00 00 1D 00 02 01 00 00 00 01 ED 00 06 66 F7 00 66 F7 00 00 01 00 1D 26 00 01 1F 17 01 00 1F 66 00 00 43 00 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 00 00 1D 00 00 00 01 01 00 E9 1E F7 F7 F7 F7 F7 F7
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
STAT STAT2 STAT3 INR INR2 LDAT
POP POPD POP2
POP3 LDDAT
STDAT
STPAT
DCR DCR2 SUB CPR
SUB2
ADD
BS
LDA STA LDY STY INC BNE INC RTS LDA STA LDY STY BEQ LDY BEQ JSR LDA TAY JSR LDA STA STY LDY STY RTS JSR LDA STA JMP JSR LDA STA JMP JSR LDA STA JMP LDA BNE DEC DEC RTS LDY SEC LDA SBC STA LDA SBC STA TYA ADC STA RTS LDA ADC STA LDA ADC LDY BEQ LDA
R0L (R0L,X) #$0 R14H R0L,X INR2 R0H,X (R0L,X) R0L #$0 R0H STAT3 #$0 POP2 DCR (R0L,X) DCR (R0L,X) R0L R0H #$0 R14H LDAT (R0L,X) R0H INR STAT R0H (R0L,X) INR DCR R0L (R0L,X) POP3 R0L,X DCR2 R0H,X R0L,X #$0 R0L R0L,X R0L,Y R0H R0H,X R0H,Y #$0 R14H R0L R0L,X R0L R0H R0H,X #$0 SUB2 R15L
;STORE BYTE INDIRECT ;INDICATE R0 IS RESULT NEG ;INCR RX ;LOAD INDIRECT (RX) ;TO R0 ;ZERO HIGH-ORDER R0 BYTE ;ALWAYS TAKEN ;HIGH ORDER BYTE = 0 ;ALWAYS TAKEN ;DECR RX ;POP HIGH ORDER BYTE @RX ;SAVE IN Y-REG ;DECR RX ;LOW-ORDER BYTE ;TO R0 ;INDICATE R0 AS LAST RESULT REG ;LOW-ORDER BYTE TO R0, INCR RX ;HIGH-ORDER BYTE TO R0 ;INCR RX ;STORE INDIRECT LOW-ORDER ;BYTE AND INCR RX. THEN ;STORE HIGH-ORDER BYTE. ;INCR RX AND RETURN ;DECR RX ;STORE R0 LOW BYTE @RX ;INDICATE R0 AS LAST RSLT REG ;DECR RX
;RESULT TO R0 ;NOTE Y-REG = 13*2 FOR CPR ;R0-RX TO RY
;LAST RESULT REG*2 ;CARRY TO LSB
;R0+RX TO R0 ;R0 FOR RESULT ;FINISH ADD ;NOTE X-REG IS 12*2!
F796: F799: F79B: F79E: F79F: F7A1: F7A3: F7A5: F7A6: F7A8: F7AA: F7AB: F7AD: F7AF: F7B0: F7B2: F7B3: F7B4: F7B5: F7B7: F7B9: F7BA: F7BB: F7BC: F7BE: F7C0: F7C1: F7C2: F7C3: F7C5: F7C7: F7C9: F7CA: F7CB: F7CC: F7CE: F7D0: F7D2: F7D3: F7D4: F7D5: F7D7: F7D9: F7DB: F7DD: F7DE: F7DF: F7E0: F7E2: F7E4: F7E6: F7E8: F7E9: F7EB: F7EE: F7F0: F7F2: F7F5: F7F7: F7F9: F7FA:
20 A5 20 18 B0 B1 10 88 65 85 98 65 85 60 B0 60 0A AA B5 10 60 0A AA B5 30 60 0A AA B5 15 F0 60 0A AA B5 15 D0 60 0A AA B5 35 49 F0 60 0A AA B5 35 49 D0 60 A2 20 A1 85 20 A1 85 60 4C
19 F7 1F 19 F7 0E 1E 01 1E 1E 1F 1F EC
01 E8
01 E1
00 01 D8
00 01 CF
00 01 FF C4
00 01 FF B9 18 66 F7 00 1F 66 F7 00 1E C7 F6
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241
BR BNC BR1 BR2
BNC2 BC BP
BM
BZ
BNZ
BM1
BNM1
NUL RS
RTN
JSR LDA JSR CLC BCS LDA BPL DEY ADC STA TYA ADC STA RTS BCS RTS ASL TAX LDA BPL RTS ASL TAX LDA BMI RTS ASL TAX LDA ORA BEQ RTS ASL TAX LDA ORA BNE RTS ASL TAX LDA AND EOR BEQ RTS ASL TAX LDA AND EOR BNE RTS LDX JSR LDA STA JSR LDA STA RTS JMP
STAT2 R15H STAT2 BNC2 (R15L),Y BR2 R15L R15L R15H R15H BR
;PUSH LOW PC BYTE VIA R12 ;PUSH HIGH-ORDER PC BYTE ;NO CARRY TEST ;DISPLACEMENT BYTE ;ADD TO PC
R0H,X BR1
;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX ;TO X REG FOR INDEXING ;TEST FOR PLUS ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX
R0H,X BR1
;TEST FOR MINUS ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX
R0L,X R0H,X BR1
;TEST FOR ZERO ;(BOTH BYTES) ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX
R0L,X R0H,X BR1
;TEST FOR NON-ZERO ;(BOTH BYTES) ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX
R0L,X R0H,X #$FF BR1
;CHECK BOTH BYTES ;FOR $FF (MINUS 1) ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX
R0L,X R0H,X #$FF BR1 #$18 DCR (R0L,X) R15H DCR (R0L,X) R15L RTNZ
;CHECK BOTH BYTES FOR NO $FF ;BRANCH IF NOT MINUS 1 ;12*2 FOR R12 AS STACK POINTER ;DECR STACK POINTER ;POP HIGH RETURN ADDRESS TO PC ;SAME FOR LOW-ORDER BYTE
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- WOZPAK Sweet-16 article by Steve Wozniak +-----------------------------------------------------------------------SWEET 16: A Pseudo 16 Bit Microprocessor by Steve Wozniak Description: -----------While writing APPLE BASIC for a 6502 microprocessor, I repeatedly encountered a variant of MURPHY'S LAW. Briefly stated, any routine operating on 16-bit data will require at least twice the code that it should. Programs making extensive use of 16-bit pointers (such as compilers, editors, and assemblers) are included in this category. In my case, even the addition of a few double-byte instructions to the 6502 would have only slightly alleviated the problem. What I really needed was a 6502/RCA 1800 hybrid - an abundance of 16-bit registers and excellent pointer capability. My solution was to implement a non-existant (meta) 16-bit processor in software, interpreter style, which I call SWEET 16. SWEET 16 is based on sixteen 16-bit registers (R0-15), which are actually 32 memory locations. R0 doubles as the SWEET 16 accumulator (ACC), R15 as the program counter (PC), and R14 as the status register. R13 holds compare instruction results and R12 is the subroutine return stack pointer if SWEET 16 subroutines are used. All other SWEET 16 registers are at the user's unrestricted disposal. SWEET 16 instructions fall into register and non-register categories. The register ops specify one of the sixteen registers to be used as either a data element or a pointer to data in memory, depending on the specific instruction. For example INR R5 uses R5 as data and ST @R7 uses R7 as a pointer to data in memory. Except for the SET instruction, register ops take one byte of code each. The non-register ops are primarily 6502 style branches with the second byte specifying a +/-127 byte displacement relative to the address of the following instruction. Providing that the prior register op result meets a specified branch condition, the displacement is added to the SWEET 16 PC, effecting a branch. SWEET 16 is intended as a 6502 enhancement package, not a stand alone processor. A 6502 program switches to SWEET 16 mode with a subroutine call and subsequent code is interpreted as SWEET 16 instructions. The nonregister op RTN returns the user program to 6502 mode after restoring the internal register contents (A, X, Y, P, and S). The following example illustrates how to use SWEET 16. 300 303 305 307 B9 C9 D0 20 00 02 CD 09 89 F6 LDA CMP BNE JSR IN,Y #"M" NOMOVE SW16 ;get a char ;"M" for move ;No. Skip move ;Yes, call SWEET 16
30A 30B 30C 30D 30F 310 312 314 NOTE:
41 52 F3 07 FB 00 C9 C5 D0 13 C8
MLOOP
NOMOVE
LD ST DCR BNZ RTN CMP BEQ INY
@R1 @R2 R3 MLOOP #"E" EXIT
;R1 holds source ;R2 holds dest. addr. ;Decr. length ;Loop until done ;Return to 6502 mode. ;"E" char? ;Yes, exit ;No, cont.
Registers A, X, Y, P, and S are not disturbed by SWEET 16.
Instruction Descriptions: ------------------------The SWEET 16 opcode listing is short and uncomplicated. Excepting relative branch displacements, hand assembly is trivial. All register opcodes are formed by combining two Hex digits, one for the opcode and one to specify a register. For example, opcodes 15 and 45 both specify register R5 while codes 23, 27, and 29 are all ST ops. Most register ops are assigned in complementary pairs to facilitate remembering them. Therefore, LD ans ST are opcodes 2N and 3N respectively, while LD @ and ST @ are codes 4N and 5N. Opcodes 0 to C (Hex) are assigned to the thirteen non-register ops. Except for RTN (opcode 0), BK (0A), and RS (0B), the non register ops are 6502 style branches. The second byte of a branch instruction contains a +/-127 byte displacement value (in two's complement form) relative to the address of the instruction immediately following the branch. If a specified branch condition is met by the prior register op result, the displacement is added to the PC effecting a branch. Except for the BR (Branch always) and BS (Branch to a Subroutine), the branch opcodes are assigned in complementary pairs, rendering them easily remembered for hand coding. For example, Branch if Plus and Branch if Minus are opcodes 4 and 5 while Branch if Zero and Branch if NonZero are opcodes 6 and 7. SWEET 16 Opcode Summary: -----------------------Register OPS1n 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n 7n 8n 9n An Bn Cn Dn SET LD ST LD ST LDD STD POP STP ADD SUB POPD CPR Rn Rn Rn @Rn @Rn @Rn @Rn @Rn @Rn Rn Rn @Rn Rn Constant (Set) (Load) (Store) (Load Indirect) (Store Indirect) (Load Double Indirect) (Store Double Indirect) (Pop Indirect) (Store POP Indirect) (Add) (Sub) (Pop Double Indirect) (Compare)
En Fn
INR DCR
Rn Rn
(Increment) (Decrement)
Non-register OPS00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F RTN BR BNC BC BP BM BZ BNZ BM1 BNM1 BK RS BS ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea ea (Return to 6502 mode) (Branch always) (Branch if No Carry) (Branch if Carry) (Branch if Plus) (Branch if Minus) (Branch if Zero) (Branch if NonZero) (Branch if Minus 1) (Branch if Not Minus 1) (Break) (Return from Subroutine) (Branch to Subroutine) (Unassigned) (Unassigned) (Unassigned)
Register Instructions: ---------------------SET: SET Rn,Constant [ 1n Low High ]
The 2-byte constant is loaded into Rn (n=0 to F, Hex) and branch conditions set accordingly. The carry is cleared. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 LOAD: LD Rn [ 2n ] SET R5 $A034 ;R5 now contains $A034
The ACC (R0) is loaded from Rn and branch conditions set according to the data transferred. The carry is cleared and contents of Rn are not disturbed. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 25 STORE: ST Rn [ 3n ] SET LD R5 R5 $A034 ;ACC now contains $A034
The ACC is stored into Rn and branch conditions set according to the data transferred. The carry is cleared and the ACC contents are not disturbed.
EXAMPLE: 25 36 LOAD INDIRECT: LD @Rn [ 4n ] LD ST R5 R6 ;Copy the contents ;of R5 to R6
The low-order ACC byte is loaded from the memory location whose address resides in Rn and the high-order ACC byte is cleared. Branch conditions reflect the final ACC contents which will always be positive and never minus 1. The carry is cleared. After the transfer, Rn is incremented by 1. EXAMPLE 15 34 A0 45 SET LD R5 @R5 $A034 ;ACC is loaded from memory ;location $A034 ;R5 is incr to $A035
STORE INDIRECT: ST @Rn [ 5n ]
The low-order ACC byte is stored into the memory location whose address resides in Rn. Branch conditions reflect the 2-byte ACC contents. The carry is cleared. After the transfer Rn is incremented by 1. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 16 22 90 45 56 SET SET LD ST R5 R6 @R5 @R6 $A034 $9022 ;Load pointers R5, R6 with ;$A034 and $9022 ;Move byte from $A034 to $9022 ;Both ptrs are incremented
LOAD DOUBLE-BYTE INDIRECT: LDD @Rn [ 6n ]
The low order ACC byte is loaded from memory location whose address resides in Rn, and Rn is then incremented by 1. The high order ACC byte is loaded from the memory location whose address resides in the incremented Rn, and Rn is again incremented by 1. Branch conditions reflect the final ACC contents. The carry is cleared. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 65 SET LDD R5 @R6 $A034 ;The low-order ACC byte is loaded ;from $A034, high-order from ;$A035, R5 is incr to $A036
STORE DOUBLE-BYTE INDIRECT: STD @Rn [ 7n ]
The low-order ACC byte is stored into memory location whose address resides in Rn, and Rn is the incremented by 1. The high-order ACC byte is stored into the memory location whose address resides in the incremented Rn, and Rn is again incremented by 1. Branch conditions reflect the ACC contents which are not disturbed. The carry is cleared. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 16 22 90 65 76 POP INDIRECT: POP @Rn [ 8n ] SET SET LDD STD R5 R6 @R5 @R6 $A034 $9022 ;Load pointers R5, R6 ;with $A034 and $9022 ;Move double byte from ;$A034-35 to $9022-23. ;Both pointers incremented by 2.
The low-order ACC byte is loaded from the memory location whose address resides in Rn after Rn is decremented by 1, and the high order ACC byte is cleared. Branch conditions reflect the final 2-byte ACC contents which will always be positive and never minus one. The carry is cleared. Because Rn is decremented prior to loading the ACC, single byte stacks may be implemented with the ST @Rn and POP @Rn ops (Rn is the stack pointer). EXAMPLE: 15 10 55 10 55 10 55 85 85 85 34 A0 04 00 05 00 06 00 SET SET ST SET ST SET ST POP POP POP R5 R0 @R5 R0 @R5 R0 @R5 @R5 @R5 @R5 $A034 4 5 6 ;Init stack pointer ;Load 4 into ACC ;Push 4 onto stack ;Load 5 into ACC ;Push 5 onto stack ;Load 6 into ACC ;Push 6 onto stack ;Pop 6 off stack into ACC ;Pop 5 off stack ;Pop 4 off stack
STORE POP INDIRECT: STP @Rn [ 9n ]
The low-order ACC byte is stored into the memory location whose address resides in Rn after Rn is decremented by 1. Branch conditions will reflect the 2-byte ACC contents which are not modified. STP @Rn and POP @Rn are used together to move data blocks beginning at the greatest address and working down. Additionally, single-byte stacks may be implemented with the STP @Rn ops.
EXAMPLE: 14 34 A0 15 22 90 84 95 84 95 ADD: ADD Rn [ An ] SET SET POP STP POP STP R4 R5 @R4 @R5 @R4 @R5 $A034 $9022 ;Init pointers ;Move byte from ;$A033 to $9021 ;Move byte from ;$A032 to $9020
The contents of Rn are added to the contents of ACC (R0), and the low-order 16 bits of the sum restored in ACC. the 17th sum bit becomes the carry and the other branch conditions reflect the final ACC contents. EXAMPLE: 10 34 76 11 27 42 A1 A0 SUBTRACT: SUB Rn [ Bn ] SET SET ADD ADD R0 R1 R1 R0 $7634 $4227 ;Init R0 (ACC) and R1 ;Add R1 (sum=B85B, C clear) ;Double ACC (R0) to $70B6 ;with carry set.
The contents of Rn are subtracted from the ACC contents by performing a two's complement addition: ACC = ACC + Rn + 1 The low order 16 bits of the subtraction are restored in the ACC, the 17th sum bit becomes the carry and other branch conditions reflect the final ACC contents. If the 16-bit unsigned ACC contents are greater than or equal to the 16-bit unsigned Rn contents, then the carry is set, otherwise it is cleared. Rn is not disturbed. EXAMPLE: 10 34 76 11 27 42 B1 B0 SET SET SUB SUB R0 R1 R1 R0 $7634 $4227 ;Init R0 (ACC) ;and R1 ;subtract R1 ;(diff=$340D with c set) ;clears ACC. (R0)
POP DOUBLE-BYTE INDIRECT: POPD @Rn [ Cn ]
Rn is decremented by 1 and the high-order ACC byte is loaded
from the memory location whose address now resides in Rn. Rn is again decremented by 1 and the low-order ACC byte is loaded from the corresponding memory location. Branch conditions reflect the final ACC contents. The carry is cleared. Because Rn is decremented prior to loading each of the ACC halves, double-byte stacks may be implemented with the STD @Rn and POPD @Rn ops (Rn is the stack pointer). EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 10 12 AA 75 10 34 BB 75 C5 C5 COMPARE: CPR Rn [ Dn ] 16 16 16 it SET SET STD SET STD POPD POPD R5 R0 @R5 R0 @R5 @R5 @R5 $A034 $AA12 $BB34 ;Init stack pointer ;Load $AA12 into ACC ;Push $AA12 onto stack ;Load $BB34 into ACC ;Push $BB34 onto stack ;Pop $BB34 off stack ;Pop $AA12 off stack
The ACC (R0) contents are compared to Rn by performing the bit binary subtraction ACC-Rn and storing the low order 16 difference bits in R13 for subsequent branch tests. If the bit unsigned ACC contents are greater than or equal to the bit unsigned Rn contents, then the carry is set, otherwise is cleared. No other registers, including ACC and Rn, are disturbed. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 16 BF A0 B0 75 25 D6 02 FA INCREMENT: INR Rn [ En ] SET SET SUB STD LD CPR BNC R5 R6 R0 @R5 R5 R6 LOOP1 $A034 $A0BF ;Pointer to memory ;Limit address ;Zero data ;clear 2 locations ;increment R5 by 2 ;Compare pointer R5 ;to limit R6 ;loop if C clear
LOOP1
The contents of Rn are incremented by 1. The carry is cleared and other branch conditions reflect the incremented value. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 B0 55 E5 55 SET SUB ST INR ST R5 R0 @R5 R5 @R5 $A034 ;(Pointer) ;Zero to R0 ;Clr Location $A034 ;Incr R5 to $A036 ;Clrs location $A036 ;(not $A035)
DECREMENT: DCR Rn [ Fn ]
The contents of Rn are decremented by 1. The carry is cleared and other branch conditions reflect the decremented value. EXAMPLE: 15 34 A0 14 09 00 B0 55 F4 07 FC (Clear 9 bytes beginning at location A034) SET SET SUB ST DCR BNZ R5 $A034 R4 9 R0 @R5 R4 LOOP2 ;Init pointer ;Init counter ;Zero ACC ;Clear a mem byte ;Decrement count ;Loop until Zero
LOOP2
Non-Register Instructions: -------------------------RETURN TO 6502 MODE: RTN 00 Control is returned to the 6502 and program execution continues at the location immediately following the RTN instruction. the 6502 registers and status conditions are restored to their original contents (prior to entering SWEET 16 mode). BRANCH ALWAYS: BR ea [ 01 d ]
An effective address (ea) is calculated by adding the signed displacement byte (d) to the PC. The PC contains the address of the instruction immediately following the BR, or the address of the BR op plus 2. The displacement is a signed two's complement value from -128 to +127. Branch conditions are not changed. NOTE: The effective address calculation is identical to that for 6502 relative branches. The Hex add & Subtract features of the APPLE ][ monitor may be used to calculate displacements. d = $80 d = $81 d = $FF d = $00 d = $01 d = $7E d = $7F EXAMPLE: ea = PC + 2 - 128 ea = PC + 2 - 127 ea = PC + 2 - 1 ea = PC + 2 + 0 ea = PC + 2 + 1 ea = PC + 2 + 126 ea = PC + 2 + 127
$300:
01 50
BR $352
BRANCH IF NO CARRY: BNC ea [ 02 d ]
A branch to the effective address is taken only is the carry is clear, otherwise execution resumes as normal with the next instruction. Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH IF CARRY SET: BC ea [ 03 d ]
A branch is effected only if the carry is set. Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH IF PLUS: BP ea [ 04 d ]
A branch is effected only if the prior 'result' (or most recently transferred dat) was positive. Branch conditions are not changed. EXAMPLE: (Clear mem from A034 to A03F) 15 34 A0 14 3F A0 B0 55 24 D5 04 FA BRANCH IF MINUS: BM ea [ 05 d ] SET SET SUB ST LD CPR BP R5 R4 R0 @R5 R4 R5 LOOP3 $A034 $A03F ;Init pointer ;Init limit ;Clear mem byte ;Increment R5 ;Compare limit ;to pointer ;Loop until done
LOOP3
A branch is effected only if prior 'result' was minus (negative, MSB = 1). Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH IF ZERO: BZ ea [ 06 d ]
A Branch is effected only if the prior 'result' was zero. Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH IF NONZERO BNZ ea [ 07 d ]
A branch is effected only if the priot 'result' was non-zero Branch conditions are not changed.
BRANCH IF MINUS ONE BM1 ea [ 08 d ]
A branch is effected only if the prior 'result' was minus one ($FFFF Hex). Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH IF NOT MINUS ONE BNM1 ea [ 09 d ]
A branch effected only if the prior 'result' was not minus 1. Branch conditions are not changed. BREAK: BK [ 0A ]
A 6502 BRK (break) instruction is executed. SWEET 16 may be re-entered non destructively at SW16d after correcting the stack pointer to its value prior to executing the BRK. RETURN FROM SWEET 16 SUBROUTINE: RS [ 0B ]
RS terminates execution of a SWEET 16 subroutine and returns to the SWEET 16 calling program which resumes execution (in SWEET 16 mode). R12, which is the SWEET 16 subroutine return stack pointer, is decremented twice. Branch conditions are not changed. BRANCH TO SWEET 16 SUBROUTINE: BS ea [ 0c d ]
A branch to the effective address (PC + 2 + d) is taken and execution is resumed in SWEET 16 mode. The current PC is pushed onto a SWEET 16 subroutine return address stack whose pointer is R12, and R12 is incremented by 2. The carry is cleared and branch conditions set to indicate the current ACC contents. EXAMPLE: (Calling a 'memory move' subroutine to move A034-A03B to 3000-3007) 15 14 16 0C 45 56 24 D5 04 0B 34 A0 3B A0 00 30 15 SET SET SET BS LD ST LD CPR BP RS R5 $A034 R4 $A03B R6 $3000 MOVE @R5 @R6 R4 R5 MOVE ;Init ;Init ;Init ;Call ;Move ;byte pointer 1 limit 1 pointer 2 move subroutine one
MOVE
FA
;Test if done ;Return
Theory of Operation: -------------------SWEET 16 execution mode begins with a subroutine call to SW16. All 6502 registers are saved at this time, to be restored when a SWEET 16 RTN instruction returns control to the 6502. If you can tolerate indefinate 6502 register contents upon exit, approximately 30 usec may be saved by entering at SW16 + 3. Because this might cause an inadvertant switch from Hex to Decimal mode, it is advisable to enter at SW16 the first time through. After saving the 6502 registers, SWEET 16 initializes its PC (R15) with the subroutine return address off the 6502 stack. SWEET 16's PC points to the location preceding the next instruction to be executed. Following the subroutine call are 1-,2-, and 3-byte SWEET 16 instructions, stored in ascending memory like 6502 instructions. the main loop at SW16B repeatedly calls the 'execute instruction' routine to execute it. Subroutine SW16C increments the PC (R15) and fetches the next opcode, which is either a register op of the form OP REG with OP between 1 and 15 or a non-register op of the form 0 OP with OP between 0 and 13. Assuming a register op, the register specification is doubled to account for the 3 byte SWEET 16 registers and placed in the X-reg for indexing. Then the instruction type is determined. Register ops place the doubled register specification in the high order byte of R14 indicating the 'prior result register' to subsequent branch instructions. Non-register ops treat the register specifcation (right-hand half-byte) as their opcode, increment the SWEET 16 PC to point at the displacement byte of branch instructions, load the A-reg with the 'prior result register' index for branch condition testing, and clear the Y-reg. When is an RTS really a JSR? ---------------------------Each instruction type has a corresponding subroutine. The subroutine entry points are stored in a table which is directly indexed into by the opcode. By assigning all the entries to a common page, only a single byte to address need be stored per routine. The 6502 indirect jump might have been used as follows to transfer control to the appropriate subroutine. LDA STA LDA STA JMP #ADRH IND+1 OPTBL,X IND (IND) ;High-order byte. ;Low-order byte.
To save code, the subroutine entry address (minus 1) is pushed onto the stack, high-order byte first. A 6502 RTS (return from subroutine) is used to pop the address off the stack and into the 6502 PC (after incrementing by 1). The net result is that the desired subroutine is reached by executing a subroutine return instruction! Opcode Subroutines: ------------------The register op routines make use of the 6502 'zero page indexed by X' and 'indexed by X direct' addressing modes to access the specified registers and indirect data. The 'result' of most register ops is left in the specified register and can be sensed by subsequent branch instructions, since the register specification is saved in the highorder byte of R14. This specification is changed to indicate R0 (ACC) for ADD and SUB instructions and R13 for the CPR (compare) instruction. Normally the high-order R14 byte holds the 'prior result register' index times 2 to account for the 2-byte SWEET 16 registers and the LSB is zero. If ADD, SUB, or CPR instructions generate carries, then this index is incremented, setting the LSB. The SET instruction increments the PC twice, picking up data bytes in the specified register. In accordance with 6502 convention, the low-order data byte precedes the high-order byte. Most SWEET 16 non-register ops are relative branches. The corresponding subroutines determine whether or not the 'prior result' meets the specified branch condition and if so, update the SWEET 16 PC by adding the displacement value (-128 to +127 bytes). The RTN op restores the 6502 register contents, pops the subroutine return stack and jumps indirect through the SWEET 16 PC. This transfers control to the 6502 at the instruction immediately following the RTN instruction. The BK op actually executes a 6502 break instruction (BRK), transferring control to the interrupt handler. Any number of subroutine levels may be implemented within SWEET 16 code via the BS (Branch to Subroutine) and RS (Return from Subroutine) instructions. The user must initialize and otherwise not disturb R12 if the SWEET 16 subroutine capability is used since it is utilized as the automatic return stack pointer. Memory Allocation: -----------------The only storage that must be allocated for SWEET 16 variables are 32 consecutive locations in page zero for the SWEET 16 registers, four locations to save the 6502 register contents, and a few levels of the 6502 subroutine return address stack. if you don't need to preserve the 6502 register contents, delete the SAVE and RESTORE subroutines and the corresponding subroutine calls. This will free the four page zero locations ASAV, XSAV, YSAV, and PSAV.
User Modifications: ------------------You may wish to add some of your own instructions to this implementation of SWEET 16. If you use the unassigned opcodes $0E and $0F, remember that SWEET 16 treats these as 2-byte instructions. You may wish to handle the break instruction as a SWEET 16 call, saving two bytes of code each time you transfer into SWEET 16 mode. Or you may wish to use the SWEET 16 BK (break) op as a 'CHAROUT' call in the interrupt handler. You can perform absolute jumps within SWEET 16 by loading the ACC (R0) with the address you wish to jump to (minus 1) and executing a ST R15 instruction.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- WOZPAK Sweet-16 article by Dick Sedgewick +-----------------------------------------------------------------------SWEET 16 - INTRODUCTION by Dick Sedgewick Sweet 16 is probably the least used and least understood seed in the Apple ][. In exactly the same sense that Integer and Applesoft Basics are languages, SWEET 16 is a language. Compared to the Basics, however, it would be classed as low level with a strong likeness to conventional 6502 Assembly language. To use SWEET 16, you must learn the language - and to quote "WOZ", "The opcode list is short and uncomplicated". "WOZ" (Steve Wozniak), of course is Mr. Apple, and the creator of SWEET 16. SWEET 16 is ROM based in every Apple ][ from $F689 to $F7FC. It has it's own set of opcodes and instruction sets, and uses the SAVE and RESTORE routines from the Apple Monitor to preserve the 6502 registers when in use, allowing SWEET 16 to be used as a subroutine. It uses the first 32 locations on zero page to set up its 16 double byte registers, and is therefore not compatible with Applesoft Basic without some additional efforts. The original article, "SWEET 16: The 6502 Dream Machine", first appeared in Byte Magazine, November 1977 and later in the original "WOZ PAK". The article is included here and again as test material to help understand the use and implementation of SWEET 16. Examples of the use of SWEET 16 are found in the Programmer's Aid #1, in the Renumber, Append, and Relocate programs. The Programmer's Aid Operating Manual contains complete source assembly listings, indexed on page 65. The demonstration program is written to be introductory and simple, consisting of three parts: 1. Integer Basic Program 2. Machine Language Subroutine 3. SWEET 16 Subroutine The task of the program will be to move data. Parameters of the move will be entered in the Integer Basic Program. The "CALL 768" ($300) at line 120, enters a 6502 machine language subroutine having the single purpose of entering SWEET 16 and subsequently returning to BASIC (addresses $300,
$301, $302, and $312 respectively). The SWEET 16 subroutine of course performs the move, and is entered at Hex locations $303 to $311 (see listing Number 3). After the move, the screen will display three lines of data, each 8 bytes long, and await entry of a new set of parameters. The three lines of data displayed on the screen are as follows: Line 1: The first 8 bytes of data starting at $800, which is the fixed source data to be moved (in this case, the string A$). Line 2: The first 8 bytes of data starting at the hex address entered as the destination of the move (high order byte only). Line 3: The first 8 bytes of data starting at $0000 (the first four SWEET 16 registers). The display of 8 bytes of data was chosen to simplify the illustration of what goes on. Integer Basic has its own way of recording the string A$. Because the name chosen for the string "A$" is stored in 2 bytes, a total of five housekeeping bytes precede the data entered as A$, leaving only three additional bytes available for display. Integer Basic also adds a housekeeping byte at the end of a string, known as the "string terminator". Consequently, for convenience purposes of the display, and to see the string terminator as the 8th byte, the string data entered via the keyboard should be limited to two characters, and will appear as the 6th and 7th bytes. Additionally, parameters to be entered include the number of bytes to be moved. A useful range for this demonstration would be 1-8 inclusive, but of course 1-255 will work. Finally, the starting address of the destination of the move must be entered. Again, for simplicity, only the high-order byte is entered, and the program allows a choice between Decimal 9 and high-order byte of program pointer 1, to avoid unnecessary problems (in this demonstration enter a decimal number between 9 and 144 for a 48K APPLE). The 8 bytes of data displayed starting at $00 will enable one to observe the condition of the SWEET 16 registers after a move has been accomplished, and thereby understand how the SWEET 16 program works. From the article "SWEET 16: A 6502 Dream Machine", remember that SWEET 16 can establish 16 double byte registers starting at $00. This means that SWEET 16 can use the first 32 addresses on zero page. The "events" occurring in this demonstration program can be
studied in the first four SWEET 16 registers. Therefore, the 8 byte display starting at $0000 is large enough for this purpose. These four registers are established as R0, R1, R2, R3: R0 R1 R2 R3 . . . R14 R15 $0000 $0002 $0004 $0006 & & & & 0001 0003 0005 0007 -SWEET 16 accumulator -Source address -Destination address -Number of bytes to move
$001C $001E
& &
001D 001F
-Prior result register -SWEET 16 Program counter
Additionally, an examination of registers R14 and R15 will extend and understanding of SWEET 16, as fully explained in the "WOZ" text. Notice that the high order byte of R14, (located at $1D) contains $06, and is the doubled register specification (3X2=$06). R15, the SWEET 16 program counter contains the address of the next operation as it did for each step during execution of the program, which was $0312 when execution ended and the 6502 code resumed. To try a sample run, enter the Integer Basic program as shown in Listing #1. Of course, REM statements can be omitted, and line 10 is only helpful if the machine code is to be stored on disk. Listing #2 must also be entered starting at $300. NOTE: A 6502 disassembly does not look like listing #3, but the SOURCEROR disassembler would create a correct disassembly. Enter "RUN" and hit RETURN Enter "12" and hit RETURN (A$ - A$ string data) Enter "18" and hit RETURN (high-order byte of destination) The display should appear as follows: $0800-C1 40 00 10 08 B1 B2 1E $0A00-C1 40 00 10 08 B1 B2 1E $0000-1E 00 08 08 08 0A 00 00 (SOURCE) (Dest.) (SWEET 16)
NOTE: The 8 bytes stored at $0A00 are identical to the 8 bytes starting at $0800, indicating that an accurate move of 8 bytes length has been made. They are moved one byte at a time starting with token C1 and ending with token 1E. If moving less than 8 bytes, the data following the moved data would be whatever existed at those locations before the move. The bytes have the following significance: A Token$ C1 40 --------00 ---10 08 -------B1 B2 --------1E --
| VN
| DSP
| NVA
| DATA
| DATA
String Terminator
The SWEET 16 registers are as shown: low high $0000 1E 00 ---------| register R0 (acc) low high 08 08 ---------| register R1 (source) low high 08 0A ---------| register R2 (dest) low high 00 00 ---------| register R3 (#bytes)
The low order byte of R0, the SWEET 16 accumulator, has $1E in it, the last byte moved (the 8th). The low order byte of the source register R1 started as $00 and was incremented eight times, once for each byte of moved data. The high order byte of the destination register R2 contains $0A, which was entered at 10 (the variable) and poked into the SWEET 16 code. The low-order byte of R2 was incremented exactly like R1. Finally, register R3, the register that stores the number of bytes to be moved, has been poked to 8 (the variable B) and decremented eight times as each byte got moved, ending up $0000. By entering character strings and varying the number of bytes to be moved, the SWEET 16 registers can be observed and the contents predicted. Working with this demonstration program, and study of the text material will enable you to write SWEET 16 programs that perform additional 16 bit manipulations. The unassigned opcodes mentioned in the "WOZ Dream Machine" article should present a most interesting opportunity to "play". SWEET 16 as a language - or tool - opens a new direction to Apple ][ owners without spending a dime, and it's been there all the time. "Apple-ites" who desire to learn machine language programming, can use SWEET 16 as a starting point. With this text material to use, and less opcodes to learn, a user can quickly be effective. Listing #1 >List 10 20 30 PRINT "[D]BLOAD SWEET": REM CTRL D CALL - 936: DIM A $ (10) INPUT "ENTER STRING A $ " , A $
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Listing #2
INPUT "ENTER # BYTES " , B IF NOT B THEN 40 : REM AT LEAST 1 POKE 778 , B : REM POKE LENGTH INPUT "ENTER DESTINATION " , A IF A > PEEK (203) - 1 THEN 70 IF A < PEEK (205) + 1 THEN 70 POKE 776 , A : REM POKE DESTINATION M = 8 : GOSUB 160 : REM DISPLAY CALL 768 : REM GOTO $0300 M = A : GOSUB 160 : REM DISPLAY M = O : GOSUB 160 : REM DISPLAY PRINT : PRINT : GOTO 30 POKE 60 , 0 : POKE 61 , M CALL -605 : RETURN : REM XAM8 IN MONITOR
300:20 89 F6 11 00 08 12 00 00 13 00 00 41 52 F3 07 FB 00 60 Listing #3 SWEET 16 $300 $303 $306 $309 $30C $30D $30E $30F $311 $312 20 11 12 13 41 52 F3 07 00 60 89 00 00 00 F6 08 00 00 JSR SET SET A SET B LD ST DCR BNZ RTN RTS $F689 R1 source address R2 destination address R3 @R1 @R2 R3 $30C length
Data will be poked from the Integer Basic program: "A" "B" from Line 100 from Line 60
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Red Book Mini-Assembler listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 *********************** * * * APPLE-II * * MINI-ASSEMBLER * * * * COPYRIGHT 1977 BY * * APPLE COMPUTER INC. * * * * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED * * * * S. WOZNIAK * * A. BAUM * *********************** FORMAT LENGTH MODE PROMPT YSAV L PCL PCH A1H A2L A2H A4L A4H FMT IN INSDS2 INSTDSP PRBL2 PCADJ CHAR1 CHAR2 MNEML MNEMR CURSUP GETLNZ COUT BL1 A1PCLP BELL GETNUM TOSUB ZMODE CHRTBL REL EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU ORG SBC LSR BNE LDY LDX BNE DEY DEX $2E $2F $31 $33 $34 $35 $3A $3B $3D $3E $3F $42 $43 $44 $200 $F88E $F8D0 $F94A $F953 $F9B4 $F9BA $F9C0 $FA00 $FC1A $FD67 $FDED $FE00 $FE78 $FF3A $FFA7 $FFBE $FFC7 $FFCC $F500 #$81 ERR3 A2H A2L REL2 ; TITLE "APPLE-II MINI-ASSEMBLER"
F500: F502: F503: F505: F507: F509: F50B: F50C:
E9 4A D0 A4 A6 D0 88 CA
81 14 3F 3E 01
;IS FMT COMPATIBLE ;WITH RELATIVE MODE? ; NO. ;DOUBLE DECREMENT
REL2
F50D: F50E: F50F: F511: F513: F515: F516: F517: F519: F51B: F51D: F520: F522: F523: F525: F528: F52B: F52E: F531: F533: F535: F538: F53B: F53D: F540: F542: F544: F545: F547: F54A: F54C: F54E: F550: F552: F554: F556: F559: F55C: F55E: F561: F562: F565: F567: F569: F56C: F56E: F570: F572: F574: F576: F578: F57A: F57C: F57E: F580: F582: F584: F586: F588: F589: F58A: F58D:
8A 18 E5 85 10 C8 98 E5 D0 A4 B9 91 88 10 20 20 20 20 84 85 4C 20 A4 20 84 A0 88 30 D9 D0 C0 D0 A5 A0 C6 20 4C A5 20 AA BD C5 D0 BD C5 D0 A5 A4 C0 F0 C5 F0 C6 D0 E6 C6 F0 A4 98 AA 20 A9
3A 3E 01 3B 6B 2F 3D 00 3A F8 1A 1A D0 53 3B 3A 95 BE 34 A7 34 17 4B CC F8 15 E8 31 00 34 00 95 3D 8E FC FC F8 F9 F5 FF FF
FF
FE F5 F8
00 FA 42 13 C0 F9 43 0C 44 2E 9D 88 2E 9F 3D DC 44 35 D6 34 4A F9 DE
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
TXA CLC SBC STA BPL INY REL3 TYA SBC ERR3 BNE FINDOP LDY FNDOP2 LDA STA DEY BPL JSR JSR JSR JSR STY STA JMP FAKEMON3 JSR LDY FAKEMON JSR STY LDY FAKEMON2 DEY BMI CMP BNE CPY BNE LDA LDY DEC JSR JMP TRYNEXT LDA JSR TAX LDA CMP BNE LDA CMP BNE LDA LDY CPY BEQ NREL CMP BEQ NEXTOP DEC BNE INC DEC BEQ ERR LDY ERR2 TYA TAX JSR LDA
PCL A2L REL3 PCH ERR LENGTH A1H,Y (PCL),Y FNDOP2 CURSUP CURSUP INSTDSP PCADJ PCH PCL NXTLINE TOSUB YSAV GETNUM YSAV #$17 RESETZ CHRTBL,Y FAKEMON2 #$15 FAKEMON3 MODE #$0 YSAV BL1 NXTLINE A1H INSDS2 MNEMR,X A4L NEXTOP MNEML,X A4H NEXTOP FMT FORMAT #$9D REL FORMAT FINDOP A1H TRYNEXT FMT L TRYNEXT YSAV PRBL2 #$DE
;FORM ADDR-PC-2
;ERROR IF >1-BYTE BRANCH ;MOVE INST TO (PC)
;RESTORE CURSOR ;TYPE FORMATTED LINE ;UPDATE PC ;GET NEXT LINE ;GO TO DELIM HANDLER ;RESTORE Y-INDEX ;READ PARAM ;SAVE Y-INDEX ;INIT DELIMITER INDEX ;CHECK NEXT DELIM ;ERR IF UNRECOGNIZED DELIM ;COMPARE WITH DELIM TABLE ;NO MATCH ;MATCH, IS IT CR? ;NO, HANDLE IT IN MONITOR
;HANDLE CR OUTSIDE MONITOR ;GET TRIAL OPCODE ;GET FMT+LENGTH FOR OPCODE ;GET LOWER MNEMONIC BYTE ;MATCH? ;NO, TRY NEXT OPCODE. ;GET UPPER MNEMONIC BYTE ;MATCH? ;NO, TRY NEXT OPCODE ;GET TRIAL FORMAT ;TRIAL FORMAT RELATIVE? ;YES. ;SAME FORMAT? ;YES. ;NO, TRY NEXT OPCODE ;NO MORE, TRY WITH LEN=2 ;WAS L=2 ALREADY? ;NO. ;YES, UNRECOGNIZED INST. ;PRINT ^ UNDER LAST READ ;CHAR TO INDICATE ERROR
F58F: F592: F595: F597: F599: F59C: F59F: F5A2: F5A4: F5A6: F5A7: F5A9: F5AB: F5AC: F5AF: F5B1: F5B3: F5B4: F5B6: F5B9: F5BB: F5BD: F5C0: F5C1: F5C3: F5C5: F5C7: F5C8: F5C9: F5CB: F5CC: F5CE: F5D0: F5D1: F5D3: F5D5: F5D7: F5D9: F5DB: F5DE: F5E0: F5E3: F5E5: F5E8: F5EB: F5ED: F5F0: F5F2: F5F4: F5F6: F5F8: F5F9: F5FA: F5FC: F5FE: F600: F603: F605: F607: F608: F60A: F60C:
20 20 A9 85 20 20 AD C9 F0 C8 C9 F0 88 20 C9 D0 8A F0 20 A9 85 20 0A E9 C9 90 0A 0A A2 0A 26 26 CA 10 C6 F0 10 A2 20 84 DD D0 20 DD F0 BD F0 C9 F0 A4 18 88 26 E0 D0 20 A5 F0 E8 86 A2 88
ED 3A A1 33 67 C7 00 A0 13 A4 92
FD FF FD FF 02
A7 FF 93 D5 D2 78 FE 03 3D 34 F6 BE C2 C1 04 42 43 F8 3D F4 E4 05 34 34 B4 13 34 BA 0D BA 07 A4 03 34
F6 F9 F6 F9 F9
44 03 0D A7 FF 3F 01 35 03
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
RESETZ NXTLINE
ERR4
SPACE NXTMN NXTM
NXTM2
FORM1 FORM2
FORM3 FORM4 FORM5
FORM6
JSR JSR LDA STA JSR JSR LDA CMP BEQ INY CMP BEQ DEY JSR CMP BNE TXA BEQ JSR LDA STA JSR ASL SBC CMP BCC ASL ASL LDX ASL ROL ROL DEX BPL DEC BEQ BPL LDX JSR STY CMP BNE JSR CMP BEQ LDA BEQ CMP BEQ LDY CLC DEY ROL CPX BNE JSR LDA BEQ INX STX LDX DEY
COUT BELL #$A1 PROMPT GETLNZ ZMODE IN #$A0 SPACE #$A4 FAKEMON GETNUM #$93 ERR2 ERR2 A1PCLP #$3 A1H GETNSP #$BE #$C2 ERR2 #$4 A4L A4H NXTM2 A1H NXTM2 NXTMN #$5 GETNSP YSAV CHAR1,X FORM3 GETNSP CHAR2,X FORM5 CHAR2,X FORM4 #$A4 FORM4 YSAV FMT #$3 FORM7 GETNUM A2H FORM6 L #$3
;POSITION. ;'!' ;INITIALIZE PROMPT ;GET LINE. ;INIT SCREEN STUFF ;GET CHAR ;ASCII BLANK? ;YES ;ASCII '$' IN COL 1? ;YES, SIMULATE MONITOR ;NO, BACKUP A CHAR ;GET A NUMBER ;':' TERMINATOR? ;NO, ERR. ;NO ADR PRECEDING COLON. ;MOVE ADR TO PCL, PCH. ;COUNT OF CHARS IN MNEMONIC ;GET FIRST MNEM CHAR. ;SUBTRACT OFFSET ;LEGAL CHAR? ;NO. ;COMPRESS-LEFT JUSTIFY ;DO 5 TRIPLE WORD SHIFTS
;DONE WITH 3 CHARS? ;YES, BUT DO 1 MORE SHIFT ;NO ;5 CHARS IN ADDR MODE ;GET FIRST CHAR OF ADDR ;FIRST CHAR MATCH PATTERN? ;NO ;YES, GET SECOND CHAR ;MATCHES SECOND HALF? ;YES. ;NO, IS SECOND HALF ZERO? ;YES. ;NO,SECOND HALF OPTIONAL? ;YES. ;CLEAR BIT-NO MATCH ;BACK UP 1 CHAR ;FORM FORMAT BYTE ;TIME TO CHECK FOR ADDR. ;NO ;YES ;HIGH-ORDER BYTE ZERO ;NO, INCR FOR 2-BYTE ;STORE LENGTH ;RELOAD FORMAT INDEX ;BACKUP A CHAR
F60D: F60F: F610: F612: F614: F615: F616: F618: F61A: F61C: F61E: F620: F622: F624: F626: F629: F62B: F62D: F62F: F631: F634: F637: F638: F63A: F63C:
86 CA 10 A5 0A 0A 05 C9 B0 A6 F0 09 85 84 B9 C9 F0 C9 D0 4C B9 C8 C9 F0 60
3D C9 44 35 20 06 35 02 80 44 34 00 02 BB 04 8D 80 5C F5 00 02 A0 F8
F666: 4C 92 F5
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207
FORM7
FORM8
FORM9 GETNSP
MINIASM
STX DEX BPL LDA ASL ASL ORA CMP BCS LDX BEQ ORA STA STY LDA CMP BEQ CMP BNE JMP LDA INY CMP BEQ RTS ORG JMP
A1H FORM2 FMT L #$20 FORM8 L FORM8 #$80 FMT YSAV IN,Y #$BB FORM9 #$8D ERR4 TRYNEXT IN,Y #$A0 GETNSP $F666 RESETZ
;SAVE INDEX ;DONE WITH FORMAT CHECK? ;NO. ;YES, PUT LENGTH ;IN LOW BITS
;ADD "$" IF NONZERO LENGTH ;AND DON'T ALREADY HAVE IT
;GET NEXT NONBLANK ;';' START OF COMMENT? ;YES ;CARRIAGE RETURN? ;NO, ERR.
;GET NEXT NON BLANK CHAR
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- Red Book Floating point listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Apple II Reference Manual (Red Book), January 1978, pages 94-95.
*********************** * * * APPLE-II FLOATING * * POINT ROUTINES * * * * COPYRIGHT 1977 BY * * APPLE COMPUTER INC. * * * * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED * * * * S. WOZNIAK * * * *********************** TITLE "FLOATING POINT ROUTINES" SIGN EPZ $F3 X2 EPZ $F4 M2 EPZ $F5 X1 EPZ $F8 M1 EPZ $F9 E EPZ $FC OVLOC EQU $3F5 ORG $F425 ADD CLC CLEAR CARRY LDX #$2 INDEX FOR 3-BYTE ADD. ADD1 LDA M1,X ADC M2,X ADD A BYTE OF MANT2 TO MANT1 STA M1,X DEX INDEX TO NEXT MORE SIGNIF. BYTE. BPL ADD1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. RTS RETURN MD1 ASL SIGN CLEAR LSB OF SIGN. JSR ABSWAP ABS VAL OF M1, THEN SWAP WITH M2 ABSWAP BIT M1 MANT1 NEGATIVE? BPL ABSWAP1 NO, SWAP WITH MANT2 AND RETURN. JSR FCOMPL YES, COMPLEMENT IT. INC SIGN INCR SIGN, COMPLEMENTING LSB. ABSWAP1 SEC SET CARRY FOR RETURN TO MUL/DIV. SWAP LDX #$4 INDEX FOR 4 BYTE SWAP. SWAP1 STY E-1,X LDA X1-1,X SWAP A BYTE OF EXP/MANT1 WITH LDY X2-1,X EXP/MANT2 AND LEAVE A COPY OF STY X1-1,X MANT1 IN E (3 BYTES). E+3 USED STA X2-1,X DEX ADVANCE INDEX TO NEXT BYTE BNE SWAP1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. RTS RETURN FLOAT LDA #$8E INIT EXP1 TO 14, STA X1 THEN NORMALIZE TO FLOAT. NORM1 LDA M1 HIGH-ORDER MANT1 BYTE. CMP #$C0 UPPER TWO BITS UNEQUAL? BMI RTS1 YES, RETURN WITH MANT1 NORMALIZED DEC X1 DECREMENT EXP1. ASL M1+2 ROL M1+1 SHIFT MANT1 (3 BYTES) LEFT.
F425: F426: F428: F42A: F42C: F42E: F42F: F431: F432: F434: F437: F439: F43B: F43E: F440: F441: F443: F445: F447: F449: F44B: F44D: F44E: F450: F451: F453: F455: F457: F459: F45B: F45D: F45F:
18 A2 B5 75 95 CA 10 60 06 20 24 10 20 E6 38 A2 94 B5 B4 94 95 CA D0 60 A9 85 A5 C9 30 C6 06 26
02 F9 F5 F9 F7 F3 37 F4 F9 05 A4 F4 F3 04 FB F7 F3 F7 F3 F3 8E F8 F9 C0 0C F8 FB FA
F461: F463: F465: F467: F468: F46B: F46E: F470: F472: F474: F477: F479: F47B: F47D: F47F: F480: F482: F484: F486: F488: F489: F48B: F48C: F48F: F491: F494: F495: F498: F49A: F49D: F49E: F4A0: F4A2: F4A4: F4A5: F4A7: F4A9: F4AB: F4AD: F4AE: F4B0: F4B2: F4B5: F4B7: F4BA: F4BB: F4BD: F4BF: F4C1: F4C2: F4C3: F4C5: F4C7: F4C8: F4CA: F4CC: F4CD: F4CF: F4D1: F4D3: F4D5:
26 A5 D0 60 20 20 A5 C5 D0 20 50 70 90 A5 0A E6 F0 A2 76 E8 D0 60 20 65 20 18 20 90 20 88 10 46 90 38 A2 A9 F5 95 CA D0 F0 20 E5 20 38 A2 B5 F5 48 CA 10 A2 68 90 95 E8 D0 26 26 26 06
F9 F8 EE A4 F4 7B F4 F4 F8 F7 25 F4 EA 05 C4 F9 F8 75 FA FF FB 32 F4 F8 E2 F4 84 F4 03 25 F4 F5 F3 BF 03 00 F8 F8 F7 C5 32 F4 F8 E2 F4 02 F5 FC F8 FD 02 F8 F8 FB FA F9 F7
ROL M1 LDA X1 EXP1 ZERO? BNE NORM1 NO, CONTINUE NORMALIZING. RTS1 RTS RETURN. FSUB JSR FCOMPL CMPL MANT1,CLEARS CARRY UNLESS 0 SWPALGN JSR ALGNSWP RIGHT SHIFT MANT1 OR SWAP WITH FADD LDA X2 CMP X1 COMPARE EXP1 WITH EXP2. BNE SWPALGN IF #,SWAP ADDENDS OR ALIGN MANTS. JSR ADD ADD ALIGNED MANTISSAS. ADDEND BVC NORM NO OVERFLOW, NORMALIZE RESULT. BVS RTLOG OV: SHIFT M1 RIGHT, CARRY INTO SIGN ALGNSWP BCC SWAP SWAP IF CARRY CLEAR, * ELSE SHIFT RIGHT ARITH. RTAR LDA M1 SIGN OF MANT1 INTO CARRY FOR ASL RIGHT ARITH SHIFT. RTLOG INC X1 INCR X1 TO ADJUST FOR RIGHT SHIFT BEQ OVFL EXP1 OUT OF RANGE. RTLOG1 LDX #$FA INDEX FOR 6:BYTE RIGHT SHIFT. ROR1 ROR E+3,X INX NEXT BYTE OF SHIFT. BNE ROR1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. RTS RETURN. FMUL JSR MD1 ABS VAL OF MANT1, MANT2 ADC X1 ADD EXP1 TO EXP2 FOR PRODUCT EXP JSR MD2 CHECK PROD. EXP AND PREP. FOR MUL CLC CLEAR CARRY FOR FIRST BIT. MUL1 JSR RTLOG1 M1 AND E RIGHT (PROD AND MPLIER) BCC MUL2 IF CARRY CLEAR, SKIP PARTIAL PROD JSR ADD ADD MULTIPLICAND TO PRODUCT. MUL2 DEY NEXT MUL ITERATION. BPL MUL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. MDEND LSR SIGN TEST SIGN LSB. NORMX BCC NORM IF EVEN,NORMALIZE PROD,ELSE COMP FCOMPL SEC SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT. LDX #$3 INDEX FOR 3 BYTE SUBTRACT. COMPL1 LDA #$0 CLEAR A. SBC X1,X SUBTRACT BYTE OF EXP1. STA X1,X RESTORE IT. DEX NEXT MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE. BNE COMPL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. BEQ ADDEND NORMALIZE (OR SHIFT RT IF OVFL). FDIV JSR MD1 TAKE ABS VAL OF MANT1, MANT2. SBC X1 SUBTRACT EXP1 FROM EXP2. JSR MD2 SAVE AS QUOTIENT EXP. DIV1 SEC SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT. LDX #$2 INDEX FOR 3-BYTE SUBTRACTION. DIV2 LDA M2,X SBC E,X SUBTRACT A BYTE OF E FROM MANT2. PHA SAVE ON STACK. DEX NEXT MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE. BPL DIV2 LOOP UNTIL DONE. LDX #$FD INDEX FOR 3-BYTE CONDITIONAL MOVE DIV3 PLA PULL BYTE OF DIFFERENCE OFF STACK BCC DIV4 IF M2<E THEN DON'T RESTORE M2. STA M2+3,X DIV4 INX NEXT LESS SIGNIFICANT BYTE. BNE DIV3 LOOP UNTIL DONE. ROL M1+2 ROL M1+1 ROLL QUOTIENT LEFT, CARRY INTO LSB ROL M1 ASL M2+2 NORM
F4D7: F4D9: F4DB: F4DD: F4DE: F4E0: F4E2: F4E4: F4E6: F4E8: F4EA: F4EC: F4ED: F4EE: F4F0: F4F2: F4F4: F4F6: F4F7: F4F9: F63D: F640: F642: F644: F646: F648: F64A: F64C: F64E: F650: F652: F654: F656: F657: F659: F65B: F65D:
26 26 B0 88 D0 F0 86 86 86 B0 30 68 68 90 49 85 A0 60 10 4C 20 A5 10 C9 D0 24 10 A5 F0 E6 D0 E6 60 A9 85 85 60
F6 F5 1C DA BE FB FA F9 0D 04 B2 80 F8 17 F7 F5 03 7D F4 F8 13 8E F5 F9 0A FB 06 FA 02 F9 00 F9 FA
MD2
MD3
OVCHK OVFL FIX1 FIX
FIXRTS UNDFL
ROL ROL BCS DEY BNE BEQ STX STX STX BCS BMI PLA PLA BCC EOR STA LDY RTS BPL JMP ORG JSR LDA BPL CMP BNE BIT BPL LDA BEQ INC BNE INC RTS LDA STA STA RTS
M2+1 M2 OVFL DIV1 MDEND M1+2 M1+1 M1 OVCHK MD3 NORMX #$80 X1 #$17 MD3 OVLOC $F63D RTAR X1 UNDFL #$8E FIX1 M1 FIXRTS M1+2 FIXRTS M1+1 FIXRTS M1 #$0 M1 M1+1
SHIFT DIVIDEND LEFT OVFL IS DUE TO UNNORMED DIVISOR NEXT DIVIDE ITERATION. LOOP UNTIL DONE 23 ITERATIONS. NORM. QUOTIENT AND CORRECT SIGN. CLEAR MANT1 (3 BYTES) FOR MUL/DIV. IF CALC. SET CARRY,CHECK FOR OVFL IF NEG THEN NO UNDERFLOW. POP ONE RETURN LEVEL. CLEAR X1 AND RETURN. COMPLEMENT SIGN BIT OF EXPONENT. STORE IT. COUNT 24 MUL/23 DIV ITERATIONS. RETURN. IF POSITIVE EXP THEN NO OVFL.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- WOZPAK Floating point routines description +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Wozpak ][, November 1979, pages 109-115. FLOATING POINT PACKAGE The mantissa-exponent, or 'floating point' numerical representation is widely used by computers to express values with a wide dynamic range. With floating point representation, the number 7.5 x 10^22 requires no more memory to store than the number 75 does. We have allowed for binary floating point arithmetic on the APPLE ][ computer by providing a useful subroutine package in ROM, which performs the common arithmetic functions. Maximum precision is retained by these routines and overflow conditions such as 'divide by zero' are trapped for the user. The 4-byte floating point number representation is compatible with future APPLE products such as floating point BASIC. A small amount of memory in Page Zero is dedicated to the floating point workspace, including the two floating-point accumulators, FP1 and FP2. After placing operands in these accumulators, the user calls subroutines in the ROM which perform the desired arithmetic operations, leaving results in FP1. Should an overflow condition occur, a jump to location $3F5 is executed, allowing a user routine to take appropriate action. FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION _____ | | | | |_____| Exponent 1. Mantissa _____ | | | HI | |_____| _____ | | | | |_____| _____ | | | LOW | |_____|
Signed Mantissa
The floating point mantissa is stored in two's complement representation with the sign at the most significant bit (MSB) position of the high-order mantissa byte. The mantissa provides 24 bits of precision, including sign, and can represent 24-bit integers precisely. Extending precision is simply a matter of adding bytes at the low order end of the mantissa. Except for magnitudes less than 2^-128 (which lose precision) mantissa are normalized by the floating point routines to retain maximum precision. That is, the numbers are adjusted so that the upper two high-order mantissa bits are unequal. HIGH-ORDER MANTISSA BYTE 01.XXXXXX Positive mantissa. 10.XXXXXX Negative mantissa. 00.XXXXXX Unnormalized mantissa. 11.XXXXXX Exponent = -128. 2. Exponent.
The exponent is a binary scaling factor (power of two) which is applied to the mantissa. Ranging from -128 to +127, the exponent is stored in standard two's complement representation except for the sign bit which is complemented. This representation allows direct comparison of exponents, since they are stored in increasing numerical sequence. The most negative exponent, corresponding to the smallest magnItude, -128, is stored as $00 ($ means hexidecimal) and the most positive, +127, is stored as $FF (all ones). EXPONENT +127 +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 -128 STORED AS 11111111 10000011 10000010 10000001 10000000 01111111 01111110 01111101 00000000 ($FF) ($83) ($82) ($81) ($80) ($7F) ($7E) ($7D) ($00)
The smallest magnitude which can be represented is 2^-150. _____ | | | 0 | |_____| EXP _____ | | | 0 | |_____| HIGH _____ | | | 0 | |_____| MANTISSA _____ | | | 1 | |_____| LOW
The largest positive magnitude which can be represented is +2^128-1. _____ _____ _____ _____ | | | | | | | | | $7F | | $7F | | $FF | | $FF | |_____| |_____| |_____| |_____| EXP MANTISSA
FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION EXAMPLES DECIMAL NUMBER + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 +12 +15 +17 +20 +60 HEX EXPONENT 81 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 HEX MANTISSA 60 40 50 70 60 78 44 50 78 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
- 3 - 4 - 5 - 7 -12 -15 -17 -20 -60
81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85
A0 80 B0 90 A0 88 BC B0 88
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
FLOATING POINT SUBROUTINE DESCRIPTIONS FCOMPL subroutine (address $F4A4) Purpose: FCOMPL is used to negate floating point numbers. Entry: A normalized or unnormalized value is in FP1 (floating point accumulator 1). Uses: NORM, RTLOG. Exit: The value in FP1 is negated and then normalized to retain precision. The 3-byte FP1 extension, E, may also be altered but FP2 and SIGN are not disturbed. The 6502 A-REG is altered and the X-REG is cleared. The Y-REG is not disturbed. Caution: Attempting to negate -2^128 will result in an overflow since +2^128 is not representable, and a jump to location $3F5 will be executed, with the following contents in FP1. _____ | | FP1: | 0 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $80 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
Example: Prior to calling FCOMPL, FP1 contains +15. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $78 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+15)
After calling FCOMPL as a subroutine, FP1 contains -15. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $88 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+15)
FADD subroutine (address $F46E) Purpose: To add two numbers in floating point form. Entry: The two addends are in FP1 and FP2 respectively. precision, both should be normalized. Uses: SWPALGN, ADD, NORM, RTLOG. Exit: The normalized sum is left in FP1. FP2 contains the addend of greatest magnitude. E is altered but sign is not. The A-REG is altered and the X-REG is cleared. The sum mantissa is truncated to 24 bits. Caution: Overflow may result if the sum is less that -2^128 or greater than +2^128-1. If so, a jump to location $3F5 is executed leaving 0 in X1, and twice the proper sum in the mantissa M1. The sign bit is left in the carry, 0 for positive, 1 for negative. _____ | | FP1: | 0 | |_____| X1 __________ | | | X.YYY... | |__________| M1 For maximum
(For carry=0, true sum=+X.YYY x 2^128) Example: Prior to calling FADD, FP1 contains +12 and FP2 contains -5. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | FP2: | $82 | |_____| X2 _____ | | | $60 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $B0 | |_____| M2 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+12)
(-5)
After calling FADD, FP1 contains +7 (FP2 contains +12). _____ | | | $82 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $70 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
FP1
(+7)
FSUB subroutine (address $F468) Purpose: To subtract two floating point numbers. Entry: The minuend is in FP1 and the subtrahend is in FP2. Both should be normalized to retain maximum precision prior to calling FSUB. Uses: FCOMPL, ALGNSWP, FADD, ADD, NORM, RTLOG. Exit: The normalized difference is in FP1 with the mantissa truncated to 24 bits. FP2 holds either the minued or the negated subtrahend, whichever is of greater magnitude. E is altered but SIGN and SCR are not. the A-REG is altered and the X-REG is cleared. The Y-REG is not disturbed. Cautions: An exit to location S3F5 is taken if the result is less than -2^128 or greater than +2^128-1. or if the subtrahend is -2^128. Example: Prior to calling FSUB, FP1 contains +7 (minuend) and FP2 contalns -5 (subtrahend). _____ | | FP1: | $82 | |_____| X1 _____ | | FP2: | $82 | |_____| X2 _____ | | | $70 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $B0 | |_____| M2 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+12)
(- 5)
After calling FSUB, FP1 contains +12 and FP2 contains +7. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $60 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+12)
FMUL subroutine (address $F48C) Purpose: To multiply floating point numbers. Entry: The multiplicand and multiplier must reside in FP1 and FP2 respectively. Both should be normalized prior to calling FMUL to retain maximum precision. Uses: MD1, MD2, RTLOG1, ADD, MDEND. Exit: The signed normalized floating point product is left in FP1. M1 is
truncated to contain the 24 most significant mantissa bits (including sign). The absolute value of the multiplier mantissa (M2) is left in FP2. E, SIGN, and SCR are altered. The A- and X-REGs are altered and the Y-REG contains $FF upon exit. Cautions: An exit to location $3F5 is taken if the product is less than -2^128 or greater than +2^128-1. Notes: FMUL will run faster if the absolute value of the multiplier mantissa contains fewer '1's than the absolute value of the multiplicand mantissa. Example: Prior to calling FMUL, FP1 contains +12 and FP2 contains -5. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | FP2: | $82 | |_____| X2 _____ | | | $60 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $B0 | |_____| M2 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+12)
(- 5)
After calling FMUL, FP1 contains -60 and FP2 contains +5. _____ | | FP1: | $85 | |_____| X1 _____ | | FP2: | $82 | |_____| X2 _____ | | | $88 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $50 | |_____| M2 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(-60)
(+ 5)
FDIV subroutine (addr $F4B2) Purpose: To perform division of floating point numbers. Entry: The normalized dividend is in FP2 and the normalized divisor is in FP1. Exit: The signed normalized floating point quotient is left in FP1. The mantissa (M1) is truncated to 24 bits. The 3-bit M1 extension (E) contains the absolute value of the divisor mantissa. MD2, SIGN, and SCR are
altered.
The A- and X-REGs are altered and the Y-REG is cleared.
Uses: MD1, MD2, MDEND. Cautions: An exit to location $3F5 is taken if the quotient is less than -2^128 or greater than +2^128-1 Notes: MD2 contains the remainder mantissa (equivalent to the MOD function). The remainder exponent is the same as the quotient exponent, or 1 less if the dividend mantissa magnitude is less than the divisor mantissa magnitude. Example: Prior to calling FDIV, FP1 contains -60 (dividend), and FP2 contains +12 (divisor). _____ | | FP1: | $85 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $80 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $60 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(-60)
FP2
(+12)
After calling FMUL, FP1 contains -5 and M2 contains 0. _____ | | FP1: | $82 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $B0 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(-5)
FLOAT Subroutine (address $F451) Purpose: To convert integers to floating point representation. Entry: A signed (two's complement) 2-byte integer is stored in M1 (high-order byte) and M1+1 (low-order byte). M1+2 must be cleared by user prior to entry. Uses: NORM1. Exit: The normalized floating point equivalent is left in FP1. E, FP2, SIGN, and SCR are not disturbed. The A-REG contains a copy of the high-order mantissa byte upon exit but the X- and Y-REGs are not disturbed. The carry is cleared. Notes: To float a 1-byte integer, place it in M1+1 and clear M1 as well as
M1+2 prior to calling FLOAT. FLOAT takes approximately 3 msec. lonqer to convert zero to floating point form than other arguments. The user may check for zero prior to calling FLOAT and increase throughput. * * LOW-ORDER * HIGH-ORDER * XFLOAT STA STY LDY STY ORA BNE STA RTS JMP INT. BYTE IN A-REG BYTE IN Y-REG M1+1 M1 #$0 M1+2 M1 INIT MANT1
85 84 A0 84 05
FA F9 00 FB D9
D0 03 85 F8 60 4C 51 F4
TOFLOAT
CHK BOTH BYTES FOR TOFLOAT ZERO X1 IF SO CLR X1 AND RETURN FLOAT ELSE FLOAT INTEGER
Example: Float +274 ($0112 hex) CALLING SEQUENCE A0 01 A9 12 84 85 A9 85 20 F9 FA 00 F8 51 F4 LDY LDA STY STA LDA STA JSR #$01 #$12 M1 M1+1 #$00 M1+2 FLOAT HIGH-ORDER INTEGER BYTE LOW-ORDER INTEGER BYTE
Upon returning from FLOAT, FP1 contains the floating point representation of +274. _____ | | | $88 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $44 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $80 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
FP1
(+274)
FIX subroutine (address $F640) Purpose: To extract the integer portion of a floating point number with truncation (ENTIER function). Entry: A floating point value is in FP1. Uses: RTAR. It need not be normalized.
Exit: The two-byte signed two's complement representation of the integer portion is left in M1 (high-order byte) and M1+1 (low-order byte). The floating point values +24.63 and -61.2 are converted to the integers +24 and -61 respectively. FP1 and E are altered but FP2, E, SIGN, and SCR are not. The A- and X-REGs are altered but the Y-REG is not. Example: The floating point value +274 is in FP1 prior to calling FIX. _____ | | FP1: | $88 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $44 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $80 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+274)
After calling FIX, M1 (high-order byte) and M1+1 (low-order byte) contain the integer representation of +274 ($0112). _____ | | FP1: | $8E | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $01 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $12 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
Note: FP1 contains an unnormalized representation of +274 upon exit.
NORM Subroutine (address $F463) Purpose: To normalize the value in FP1, thus insuring maximum precision. Entry: A normalized or unnormalized value is in FP1. Exit: The value in FP1 is normalized. A zero mantissa will exit with X1=0 (2 exponent). If the exponent on exit is -128 (X1=0) then the mantissa (M1) is not necessarily normalized (with the two high-order mantissa bits unequal). E, FP2, SIGN, AND SCR are not distubed. The A-REG is disturbed but the X- and Y-REGs are not. The carry is set. Example: FP1 contains +12 in unnormalized form (as .0011 x 2 ). _____ | | FP1: | $86 | |_____| x1 _____ | | | $0C | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+12)
Upon exit from NORM, FP1 contains +12 in normalized form (as 1.1 x 2 ). _____ | | FP1: | $83 | _____ | | | $60 | | | _____ 0 | | | | _____ 0 | |
(+12)
|_____| X1
|_____| M1
|_____|
|_____|
NORM1 subroutine (address $F455) Purpose: To normalize a floating point value in FP1 when it is known the exponent is not -128 (X1=0) upon entry. Entry: An unnormalized number is in FP1. for normal use. The exponent byte should not be 0
Exit: The normalized value is in FP1. E, FP2, SIGN, and SCR are not not disturbed. The A-REG is altered but the X- and Y-REGs are not.
ADD Subroutine (address $F425) Purpose: To add the two mantissas (M1 and M2) as 3-byte integers. Entry: Two mantissas are in M1 (through M1+2) and M2 (through M2+2). They should be aligned, that is with identical exponents, for use in the FADD and FSUB subroutines. Exit: the 24-bit integer sum is in M1 (high-order byte in M1, low-order byte in M1+2). FP2, X1, E, SIGN and SCR are not disturbed. The A-REG contains the high-order byte of the sum, the X-REG contains $FF and the Y-REG is not altered. The carry is the '25th' sum bit. Example: FP1 contains +5 and FP2 contains +7 prior to calling ADD. _____ | | FP1: | $82 | |_____| X1 _____ | | FP2: | $82 | |_____| _____ | | | $50 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | $70 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+5)
(+7)
Upon exit, M1 contains the overflow value for +12. Note that the sign bit is incorrect. This is taken care of with a call to the right shift routine. _____ | | | $82 | |_____| _____ | | | $C0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
FP:
(+12)
ABSWAP Subroutine (address $F437) Purpose: To take the absolute value of FP1 and then swap FP1 with FP2. Note that two sequential calls to ABSWAP will take the absolute values of both FP1 and FP2 in preparation for a multiply or divide. Entry: FP1 and FP2 contain floating point values. Exit: The absolute value of the original FP1 contents are in FP2 and the original FP2 contents are in FP1. The least significant bit of SIGN is complemented if a negation takes place (if the original FP1 contents are negative) by means of an increment. SCR and E are used. The A-REG contains a copy of X2, the X-REG is cleared, and the Y-REG is not altered.
RTAR Subroutine (address $F47D) Purpose: To shift M1 right one bit position while incrementing X1 to compensate for scale. This is roughly the opposite of the NORM subroutine. Entry: A normalized or unnormalized floating point value is in FP1. Exit: The 6-byte field MANT1 and E is shifted right one bit arithmetically and X1 is incremented by 1 to retain proper scale. The sign bit of MANT1 (MSB of M1) is unchanged. FP2, SIGN, and SCR are not disturbed. The A-REG contains the least significant byte of E (E+2), the X-REG is cleared, and the Y-REG is not disturbed. Caution: If X1 increments of 0 (overflow) then an exit to location $3F5 is taken, the A-REG contains the high-order MANT1 byte, M1 and X1 is cleared. FP2, SIGN, SCR, and the X- and Y-REGs are not disturbed. Uses: RTLOG Example: Prior to calling RTAR, FP1 contains the normalized value -7. _____ | | | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $A0 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
FP1
(-7)
After calling RTAR, FP1 contains the unnormalized value -7 (note that precision is lost off the low-order end of M1). _____ | | | $84 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $D0 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
FP1
(-7)
Note: M1 sign bit is unchanged.
RTLOG subroutine (address $F480) Purpose: To shift the 6-byte field MANT1 and E one bit to the right (toward the least significant bit). The 6502 carry bit is shifted into the high-order M1 bit. This is useful in correcting binary sum overflows. Entry: A normalized or unnormalized floating point value is in FP1. The carry must be cleared or set by the user since it is shifted Into the sign bit of M1. Exit: Same as RTAR except that the sign of M1 is not preserved (it is set to the value of the carry bit on entry) Caution: Same as RTAR. Example: Prior to calling RTLOG, FP1 contains the normalized value -12 and the carry is clear. _____ | | FP1: | $83 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $A0 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(-12)
After calling RTLOG, M1 is shifted one bit to the right and the sign bit is clear. X1 is incremented by 1. _____ | | FP1: | $84 | |_____| X1 _____ | | | $50 | |_____| M1 _____ | | | 0 | |_____| _____ | | | 0 | |_____|
(+20)
Note: The bit shifted off the end of MANT1 is rotated into the high-order bit of the 3-byte extension E. The 3-byte E field is also shifted one bit to the right.
RTLOG1 subroutine (address $F484) Purpose: To shift MANT1 and E right one bit without adjusting X1. This is used by the multiply loop. The carry is shifted into the sign bit of MANT1. Entry: M1 and E contain a 6-byte unsigned field. extension of MANT1. E is the 3-byte low-order
Exit: Same as RTLOG except that X1 is not altered and an overflow exit cannot occur.
MD2 subroutine (address $F4E2) Purpose: To clear the 3-byte MANT1 field for FMUL and FDIV, check for inital result exponent overflow (and underflow), and initialize the X-REG to $17 for loop counting. Entry: the X-REG is cleared by the user since it is placed in the 3 bytes of MANT1. The A-REG contains the result of an exponent addition (FMUL) or subtraction (FDIV). The carry and sign status bits should be set according to this addition or subtraction for overflow and underflow determination. Exit: The 3 bytes of M1 are cleared (or all set to the contents of the X-REG on Entry) and the Y-REG is loaded with $17. The sign bit of the A-REG is complemented and a copy of the A-REG is stored in X1. FP2, SIGN, SCR, and the X-REG are not disturbed. Uses: NORM. Caution: Exponent overflow results in an exit to location $3F5. Exponent underflow results in an early return from the calling subroutine (FDIV or FMUL) with a floating point zero in FP1. Because MD2 pops a return address off the stack, it may only be called by another subroutine.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- DDJ Floating point article +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Dr. Dobb's Journal, August 1976, pages 17-19. Floating Point Routines for the 6502 by Roy Rankin, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (415) 497-1822 and Steve Wozniak, Apple Computer Company 770 Welch Road, Suite 154 Palo Alto, CA 94304 (415) 326-4248 Editor's Note: Although these routines are for the 6502, it would appear that one could generate equivalent routines for most of the "traditional" microprocessors, relatively easily, by following the flow of the algorithms given in the excellent comments included in the program listing. This is particularly true of the transcendental functions, which were directly modeled after well-known and proven algorithms, and for which, the comments are relatively machine independent. These floating point routines allow 6502 users to perform most of the more popular and desired floating point and transcendental functions, namely: Natural Log - LOG Common Log - LOG10 Exponential - EXP Floating Add - FADD Floating Subtract - FSUB Floating Multiply - FMUL Floating Divide - FDIV Convert Floating to Fixed - FIX Convert Fixed to Floating - FLOAT They presume a four-byte floating point operand consisting of a one-byte exponent ranging from -128 to +127 and a 24-bit two's complement mantissa between 1.0 and 2.0. The floating point routines were done by Steve Wozniak, one of the principals in Apple Computer Company. The transcendental functions were patterned after those offered by Hewlett-Packard for their HP2100 minicomputer (with some modifications), and were done by Roy Rankin, a Ph.D. student at Stanford University. There are three error traps; two for overflow, and one for prohibited logarithm argument. ERROR (1D06) is the error
exit used in the event of a non-positive log argument. OVFLW (1E3B) is the error exit for overflow occuring during calculation of e to some power. OVFL (1FE4) is the error exit for overflow in all of the floating point routines. There is no trap for underflow; in such cases, the result is set to 0.0. All routines are called and exited in a uniform manner: The arguments(s) are placed in the specified floating point storage locations (for specifics, see the documentation preceeding each routine in the listing), then a JSR is used to enter the desired routine. Upon normal completion, the called routine is exited via a subroutine return instruction (RTS). Note: The preceeding documentation was written by the Editor, based on phone conversations with Roy and studying the listing. There is a high probability that it is correct. However, since it was not written nor reviewed by the authors of these routines, the preceeding documentation may contain errors in concept or in detail. -- JCW, Jr. In the Exponent: 00 Represents -128 ... 7F Represents -1 80 Represents 0 81 Represents +1 ... FF Represents +127 Exponent SEEEEEEE n Two's Complement Mantissa SM.MMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMMMMMM n+1 n+2 n+3
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * JULY 5, 1976 BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES FOR 6502 MICROPROCESSOR BY R. RANKIN AND S. WOZNIAK CONSISTING OF: NATURAL LOG COMMON LOG EXPONENTIAL (E**X) FLOAT FIX FADD FSUB FMUL FDIV FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION (4-BYTES) EXPONENT BYTE 1 MANTISSA BYTES 2-4 MANTISSA: TWO'S COMPLIMENT REPRESENTATION WITH SIGN IN MSB OF HIGH-ORDER BYTE. MANTISSA IS NORMALIZED WITH AN ASSUMED DECIMAL POINT BETWEEN BITS 5 AND 6 OF THE HIGH-ORDER BYTE. THUS THE MANTISSA IS IN THE RANGE 1. TO 2. EXCEPT
0003 0003 0004 0005 0008 0009 000C 0010 0014 0018 001C 1D00
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EA EA 00 00 00 EA 00 00 00 SIGN X2 M2 X1 M1 E Z T SEXP INT * * * * * LOG ERROR * CONT
WHEN THE NUMBER IS LESS THAN 2**(-128). EXPONENT: THE EXPONENT REPRESENTS POWERS OF TWO. THE REPRESENTATION IS 2'S COMPLIMENT EXCEPT THAT THE SIGN BIT (BIT 7) IS COMPLIMENTED. THIS ALLOWS DIRECT COMPARISON OF EXPONENTS FOR SIZE SINCE THEY ARE STORED IN INCREASING NUMERICAL SEQUENCE RANGING FROM $00 (-128) TO $FF (+127) ($ MEANS NUMBER IS HEXADECIMAL). REPRESENTATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS: THE PRESENT FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION ALLOWS DECIMAL NUMBERS IN THE APPROXIMATE RANGE OF 10**(-38) THROUGH 10**(38) WITH 6 TO 7 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS. ORG NOP NOP BSS NOP BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 SET BASE PAGE ADRESSES EXPONENT MANTISSA EXPONENT MANTISSA SCRATCH 2 2 1 1
00
ORG $1D00
STARTING LOCATION FOR LOG
NATURAL LOG OF MANT/EXP1 WITH RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 LDA M1 BEQ ERROR BPL CONT BRK JSR LDA LDY STY EOR STA LDA STA JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA LDA SWAP X2 =$80 X2 =$80 M1+1 =0 M1 FLOAT =3 X2,X Z,X X1,X SEXP,X R22,X X1,X SEXP1 FSUB =3 X1,X T,X Z,X X1,X R22,X
1D00 1D02 1D04 1D06 1D07 1D0A 1D0C 1D0E 1D10 1D12 1D14 1D16 1D18 1D1B 1D1D 1D1F 1D21 1D23 1D25 1D28 1D2A 1D2B 1D2D 1D30 1D32 1D34 1D36 1D38 1D3A
A5 09 F0 02 10 01 00 20 A5 A0 84 49 85 A9 85 20 A2 B5 95 B5 95 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 B5 95 BD 1C 1F 04 80 04 80 0A 00 09 2C 1F 03 04 10 08 18 D1 1D 08 F0 4A 1F 03 08 14 10 08 D1 1D
IF ARG>0 OK ERROR ARG<=0 MOVE ARG TO EXP/MANT2 HOLD EXPONENT SET EXPONENT 2 TO 0 ($80) COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF ORIGINAL EXPONENT SET EXPONENT INTO MANTISSA 1 FOR FLOAT CLEAR MSB OF MANTISSA 1 CONVERT TO FLOATING POINT 4 BYTE TRANSFERS COPY MANTISSA TO Z SAVE EXPONENT IN SEXP LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH SQRT(2)
SEXP1
SAVET
Z-SQRT(2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS T LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH Z LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH SQRT(2)
1D3D 1D3F 1D40 1D42 1D45 1D47 1D49 1D4B 1D4C 1D4E 1D51 1D53 1D55 1D57 1D59 1D5A 1D5C 1D5F 1D62 1D64 1D67 1D69 1D6A 1D6C 1D6F 1D71 1D74 1D76 1D77 1D79 1D7C 1D7E 1D81 1D83 1D84 1D86 1D89 1D8B 1D8D 1D8F 1D90 1D92 1D95 1D97 1D9A 1D9C 1D9D 1D9F 1DA2 1DA4 1DA6 1DA8 1DA9 1DAB 1DAE 1DB0 1DB3 1DB5 1DB6 1DB8 1DBB
95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 95 CA 10 20 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 60
04 F0 50 1F 03 14 04 F9 9D 1F 03 08 14 04 F7 77 1F 1C 1F 03 E1 1D 08 F8 4A 1F 03 DD 1D 04 F8 9D 1F 03 D9 1D 04 F8 50 1F 03 14 04 F9 77 1F 03 E5 1D 04 F8 50 1F 03 18 04 F9 50 1F 03 D5 1D 04 F8 77 1F *
TM2
MIT
MIC
M2MB
M2A1
M2T
M2MHL
LDEXP
MLE2
STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA STA DEX BPL JSR JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR RTS
X2,X SAVET FADD =3 T,X X2,X TM2 FDIV =3 X1,X T,X X2,X MIT FMUL SWAP =3 C,X X1,X MIC FSUB =3 MB,X X2,X M2MB FDIV =3 A1,X X2,X M2A1 FADD =3 T,X X2,X M2T FMUL =3 MHLF,X X2,X M2MHL FADD =3 SEXP,X X2,X LDEXP FADD =3 LE2,X X2,X MLE2 FMUL Z+SQRT(2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD T INTO EXP/MANT2 T=(Z-SQRT(2))/(Z+SQRT(2)) 4 BYTE TRANSFER COPY EXP/MANT1 TO T AND LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T T*T MOVE T*T TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C T*T-C 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MB MB/(T*T-C) LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A1 MB/(T*T-C)+A1 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T (MB/(T*T-C)+A1)*T 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MHLF (.5) +.5 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH ORIGINAL EXPONENT +EXPN 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LN(2) *LN(2) RETURN RESULT IN MANT/EXP1
1DBC 1DBF 1DC1 1DC4 1DC6 1DC7 1DC9 1DCC 1DCD 1DD1 1DD5 1DD9 1DDD 1DE1 1DE5 1E00
20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 60 7E 2D 80 02 7F B9 80 80 81 86 80 08 7F 00
00 1D 03 CD 1D 04 F8 77 1F 6F ED 5A 7A 58 0C 52 40 AB 49 6A 66 40 00
* COMMON LOG OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 * LOG10 JSR LOG COMPUTE NATURAL LOG LDX =3 L10 LDA LN10,X STA X2,X LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH 1/LN(10) DEX BPL L10 JSR FMUL LOG10(X)=LN(X)/LN(10) RTS * LN10 DCM 0.4342945 R22 LE2 A1 MB C MHLF * * * * EXP ORG $1E00 STARTING LOCATION FOR EXP EXP OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDA STA SEC SBC LDA SBC BPL CLC LDA ADC LDA ADC BPL LDA LDX STA DEX BPL RTS =3 L2E,X X2,X EXP+2 FMUL =3 X1,X Z,X FSA FIX M1+1 INT =124 M1 =0 OVFLW M1+1 =120 M1 =0 CONTIN =0 =3 X1,X ZERO RETURN 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LOG BASE 2 OF E LOG2(3)*X 4 BYTE TRANSFER STORE EXP/MANT1 IN Z SAVE Z=LN(2)*X CONVERT CONTENTS OF EXP/MANT1 TO AN INTEGER SAVE RESULT AS INT SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACTION INT-124 OVERFLOW INT>=124 CLEAR CARRY FOR ADD ADD 120 TO INT IF RESULT POSITIVE CONTINUE INT<-120 SET RESULT TO ZERO AND RETURN 4 BYTE MOVE SET EXP/MANT1 TO ZERO DCM 1.4142136 DCM 0.69314718 DCM 1.2920074 DCM -2.6398577 DCM 1.6567626 DCM 0.5 SQRT(2) LOG BASE E OF 2
1E00 1E02 1E05 1E07 1E08 1E0A 1E0D 1E0F 1E11 1E13 1E14 1E16 1E19 1E1B 1E1D 1E1E 1E20 1E22 1E24 1E26 1E27 1E29 1E2B 1E2D 1E2F 1E31 1E33 1E35 1E37 1E38 1E3A
A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A5 85 38 E9 A5 E9 10 18 A5 69 A5 69 10 A9 A2 95 CA 10 60
03 D8 1E 04 F8 77 1F 03 08 10 F9 E8 1F 0A 1C 7C 09 00 15 0A 78 09 00 0B 00 03 08 FB
FSA
ZERO
1E3B 1E3C 1E3F 1E41 1E43 1E45 1E46 1E48 1E4B 1E4D 1E4F 1E51 1E53 1E54 1E56 1E59 1E5B 1E5E 1E60 1E62 1E64 1E65 1E67 1E6A 1E6C 1E6F 1E71 1E72 1E74 1E77 1E79 1E7B 1E7D 1E80 1E82 1E84 1E86 1E87 1E89 1E8C 1E8F 1E91 1E93 1E95 1E96 1E98 1E9B 1E9D 1EA0 1EA2 1EA3 1EA5 1EA8 1EAB 1EAD 1EAF 1EB1 1EB2 1EB4 1EB7 1EB9
00 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 BD 95 B5 95 CA 10 20 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 2C 1F 03 10 04 F9 4A 1F 03 08 10 04 F7 77 1F 03 DC 1E 04 08 18 F4 50 1F 03 E0 1E 04 F8 9D 1F 03 08 14 E4 1E 08 18 04 F0 77 1F 1C 1F 03 14 08 F9 4A 1F 03 E8 1E 04 F8 50 1F 1C 1F 03 10 08 F9 4A 1F 03 10
OVFLW BRK * CONTIN JSR FLOAT LDX =3 ENTD LDA Z,X STA X2,X DEX BPL ENTD JSR FSUB LDX =3 ZSAV LDA X1,X STA Z,X STA X2,X DEX BPL ZSAV JSR FMUL LDX =3 LA2 LDA A2,X STA X2,X LDA X1,X STA SEXP,X DEX BPL LA2 JSR FADD LDX =3 LB2 LDA B2,X STA X2,X DEX BPL LB2 JSR FDIV LDX =3 DLOAD LDA X1,X STA T,X LDA C2,X STA X1,X LDA SEXP,X STA X2,X DEX BPL DLOAD JSR FMUL JSR SWAP LDX =3 LTMP LDA T,X STA X1,X DEX BPL LTMP JSR FSUB LDX =3 LDD LDA D,X STA X2,X DEX BPL LDD JSR FADD JSR SWAP LDX =3 LFA LDA Z,X STA X1,X DEX BPL LFA JSR FSUB LDX =3 LF3 LDA Z,X
OVERFLOW FLOAT INT LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH Z Z*Z-FLOAT(INT) 4 BYTE MOVE SAVE EXP/MANT1 IN Z COPY EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2 Z*Z 4 BYTE MOVE LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A2 SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS SEXP Z*Z+A2 4 BYTE MOVE LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH B2 T=B/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE MOVE SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS T LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C2 LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH SEXP Z*Z*C2 MOVE EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH T C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH D D+C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) MOVE EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH Z -Z+D+C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER
1EBB 1EBD 1EBE 1EC0 1EC3 1EC5 1EC8 1ECA 1ECB 1ECD 1ED0 1ED1 1ED3 1ED5 1ED7 1ED8 1EDC 1EE0 1EE4 1EE8
95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 38 A5 65 85 60 80 55 86 6A 89 3F 7B FA 83 A3
04 F9 9D 1F 03 E5 1D 04 F8 50 1F 1C 08 08 5C 1E 57 E1 4D 1D 46 70 4F 03 L2E A2 B2 C2 D * * * *
LD12
STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR SEC LDA ADC STA RTS DCM
X2,X LF3 FDIV =3 MHLF,X X2,X LD12 FADD
LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH Z Z/(**** ) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH .5
+Z/(***)+.5 ADD INT TO EXPONENT WITH CARRY SET INT TO MULTIPLY BY X1 2**(INT+1) X1 RETURN RESULT TO EXPONENT RETURN ANS=(.5+Z/(-Z+D+C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2))*2**(INT+1) 1.4426950409 LOG BASE 2 OF E
DCM 87.417497202 DCM 617.9722695 DCM .03465735903 DCM 9.9545957821
BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES
1F00 1F00 1F01 1F03 1F05 1F07 1F09 1F0A 1F0C 1F0D 1F0F 1F12 1F14 1F16 1F19 1F1B
18 A2 B5 75 95 CA 10 60 06 20 24 10 20 E6 38
02 09 05 09 F7 03 12 1F 09 05 8F 1F 03
1F1C 1F1E 1F20 1F22 1F24 1F26 1F28 1F29 1F2B
A2 94 B5 B4 94 95 CA D0 60
04 0B 07 03 07 03 F3
ORG $1F00 START OF BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES CLC CLEAR CARRY LDX =$02 INDEX FOR 3-BYTE ADD ADD1 LDA M1,X ADC M2,X ADD A BYTE OF MANT2 TO MANT1 STA M1,X DEX ADVANCE INDEX TO NEXT MORE SIGNIF.BYTE BPL ADD1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. RTS RETURN MD1 ASL SIGN CLEAR LSB OF SIGN JSR ABSWAP ABS VAL OF MANT1, THEN SWAP MANT2 ABSWAP BIT M1 MANT1 NEG? BPL ABSWP1 NO,SWAP WITH MANT2 AND RETURN JSR FCOMPL YES, COMPLIMENT IT. INC SIGN INCR SIGN, COMPLEMENTING LSB ABSWP1 SEC SET CARRY FOR RETURN TO MUL/DIV * * SWAP EXP/MANT1 WITH EXP/MANT2 * SWAP LDX =$04 INDEX FOR 4-BYTE SWAP. SWAP1 STY E-1,X LDA X1-1,X SWAP A BYTE OF EXP/MANT1 WITH LDY X2-1,X EXP/MANT2 AND LEAVEA COPY OF STY X1-1,X MANT1 IN E(3BYTES). E+3 USED. STA X2-1,X DEX ADVANCE INDEX TO NEXT BYTE BNE SWAP1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. RTS * * * * CONVERT 16 BIT INTEGER IN M1(HIGH) AND M1+1(LOW) TO F.P. * RESULT IN EXP/MANT1. EXP/MANT2 UNEFFECTED ADD
1F2C 1F2E 1F30 1F32 1F34 1F36 1F38 1F3A 1F3C 1F3E 1F40 1F41 1F43 1F45 1F47 1F49
A9 85 A9 85 F0 C6 06 26 26 A5 0A 45 30 A5 D0 60
8E 08 00 0B 08 08 0B 0A 09 09 09 04 08 ED
* * FLOAT
NORM1
NORM
1F4A 1F4D
20 8F 1F 20 5D 1F
1F50 1F52 1F54 1F56 1F59 1F5B 1F5D 1F5F 1F61 1F62 1F64 1F66 1F68 1F6A 1F6C 1F6D 1F6F 1F71 1F73 1F74 1F76
A5 C5 D0 20 50 70 90 A5 0A E6 F0 A2 A9 B0 0A 56 15 95 E8 D0 60
04 08 F7 00 1F E3 05 BD 09 08 7E FA 80 01 0F 0F 0F F2
1F77 1F7A 1F7C 1F7F 1F80 1F83 1F85 1F88 1F89 1F8B
20 65 20 18 20 90 20 88 10 46
0D 1F 08 CD 1F 66 1F 03 00 1F F5 03
RTS1 * * * EXP/MANT2-EXP/MANT1 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FSUB JSR FCOMPL CMPL MANT1 CLEARS CARRY UNLESS ZERO SWPALG JSR ALGNSW RIGHT SHIFT MANT1 OR SWAP WITH MANT2 ON CARRY * * ADD EXP/MANT1 AND EXP/MANT2 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FADD LDA X2 CMP X1 COMPARE EXP1 WITH EXP2 BNE SWPALG IF UNEQUAL, SWAP ADDENDS OR ALIGN MANTISSAS JSR ADD ADD ALIGNED MANTISSAS ADDEND BVC NORM NO OVERFLOW, NORMALIZE RESULTS BVS RTLOG OV: SHIFT MANT1 RIGHT. NOTE CARRY IS CORRECT SIGN ALGNSW BCC SWAP SWAP IF CARRY CLEAR, ELSE SHIFT RIGHT ARITH. RTAR LDA M1 SIGN OF MANT1 INTO CARRY FOR ASL RIGHT ARITH SHIFT RTLOG INC X1 INCR EXP1 TO COMPENSATE FOR RT SHIFT BEQ OVFL EXP1 OUT OF RANGE. RTLOG1 LDX =$FA INDEX FOR 6 BYTE RIGHT SHIFT ROR1 LDA =$80 BCS ROR2 ASL ROR2 LSR E+3,X SIMULATE ROR E+3,X ORA E+3,X STA E+3,X INX NEXT BYTE OF SHIFT BNE ROR1 LOOP UNTIL DONE RTS RETURN * * * EXP/MANT1 X EXP/MANT2 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FMUL JSR MD1 ABS. VAL OF MANT1, MANT2 ADC X1 ADD EXP1 TO EXP2 FOR PRODUCT EXPONENT JSR MD2 CHECK PRODUCT EXP AND PREPARE FOR MUL CLC CLEAR CARRY MUL1 JSR RTLOG1 MANT1 AND E RIGHT.(PRODUCT AND MPLIER) BCC MUL2 IF CARRY CLEAR, SKIP PARTIAL PRODUCT JSR ADD ADD MULTIPLICAN TO PRODUCT MUL2 DEY NEXT MUL ITERATION BPL MUL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE MDEND LSR SIGN TEST SIGN (EVEN/ODD)
LDA STA LDA STA BEQ DEC ASL ROL ROL LDA ASL EOR BMI LDA BNE RTS
=$8E X1 =0 M1+2 NORM X1 M1+2 M1+1 M1 M1 M1 RTS1 X1 NORM1
SET EXPN TO 14 DEC CLEAR LOW ORDER BYTE NORMALIZE RESULT DECREMENT EXP1 SHIFT MANT1 (3 BYTES) LEFT HIGH ORDER MANT1 BYTE UPPER TWO BITS UNEQUAL? YES,RETURN WITH MANT1 NORMALIZED EXP1 ZERO? NO, CONTINUE NORMALIZING RETURN
1F8D 1F8F 1F90 1F92 1F94 1F96 1F98 1F99 1F9B
90 38 A2 A9 F5 95 CA D0 F0
AF 03 00 08 08 F7 BC
1F9D 1FA0 1FA2 1FA5 1FA6 1FA8 1FAA 1FAC 1FAD 1FAE 1FB0 1FB2 1FB3 1FB5 1FB7 1FB8 1FBA 1FBC 1FBE 1FC0 1FC2 1FC4 1FC6 1FC8 1FC9 1FCB 1FCD 1FCF 1FD1 1FD3 1FD5 1FD7 1FD8 1FD9 1FDB 1FDD 1FDF 1FE1 1FE2 1FE4
20 E5 20 38 A2 B5 F5 48 CA 10 A2 68 90 95 E8 D0 26 26 26 06 26 26 B0 88 D0 F0 86 86 86 B0 30 68 68 90 49 85 A0 60 10 00
0D 1F 08 CD 1F 02 05 0C F8 FD 02 08 F8 0B 0A 09 07 06 05 1C DA BE 0B 0A 09 0D 04 B2 80 08 17 F7
1FE5 1FE8 1FEA 1FEC
20 A5 C9 D0
5F 1F 08 8E F7
NORMX BCC NORM IF EXEN, NORMALIZE PRODUCT, ELSE COMPLEMENT FCOMPL SEC SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT LDX =$03 INDEX FOR 3 BYTE SUBTRACTION COMPL1 LDA =$00 CLEAR A SBC X1,X SUBTRACT BYTE OF EXP1 STA X1,X RESTORE IT DEX NEXT MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE BNE COMPL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE BEQ ADDEND NORMALIZE (OR SHIFT RIGHT IF OVERFLOW) * * * EXP/MANT2 / EXP/MANT1 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FDIV JSR MD1 TAKE ABS VAL OF MANT1, MANT2 SBC X1 SUBTRACT EXP1 FROM EXP2 JSR MD2 SAVE AS QUOTIENT EXP DIV1 SEC SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT LDX =$02 INDEX FOR 3-BYTE INSTRUCTION DIV2 LDA M2,X SBC E,X SUBTRACT A BYTE OF E FROM MANT2 PHA SAVE ON STACK DEX NEXT MORE SIGNIF BYTE BPL DIV2 LOOP UNTIL DONE LDX =$FD INDEX FOR 3-BYTE CONDITIONAL MOVE DIV3 PLA PULL A BYTE OF DIFFERENCE OFF STACK BCC DIV4 IF MANT2<E THEN DONT RESTORE MANT2 STA M2+3,X DIV4 INX NEXT LESS SIGNIF BYTE BNE DIV3 LOOP UNTIL DONE ROL M1+2 ROL M1+1 ROLL QUOTIENT LEFT, CARRY INTO LSB ROL M1 ASL M2+2 ROL M2+1 SHIFT DIVIDEND LEFT ROL M2 BCS OVFL OVERFLOW IS DUE TO UNNORMALIZED DIVISOR DEY NEXT DIVIDE ITERATION BNE DIV1 LOOP UNTIL DONE 23 ITERATIONS BEQ MDEND NORMALIZE QUOTIENT AND CORRECT SIGN MD2 STX M1+2 STX M1+1 CLR MANT1 (3 BYTES) FOR MUL/DIV STX M1 BCS OVCHK IF EXP CALC SET CARRY, CHECK FOR OVFL BMI MD3 IF NEG NO UNDERFLOW PLA POP ONE PLA RETURN LEVEL BCC NORMX CLEAR X1 AND RETURN MD3 EOR =$80 COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF EXP STA X1 STORE IT LDY =$17 COUNT FOR 24 MUL OR 23 DIV ITERATIONS RTS RETURN OVCHK BPL MD3 IF POS EXP THEN NO OVERFLOW OVFL BRK * * * CONVERT EXP/MANT1 TO INTEGER IN M1 (HIGH) AND M1+1(LOW) * EXP/MANT2 UNEFFECTED * JSR RTAR SHIFT MANT1 RT AND INCREMENT EXPNT FIX LDA X1 CHECK EXPONENT CMP =$8E IS EXPONENT 14? BNE FIX-3 NO, SHIFT
1FEE
60
RTRN
RTS END
RETURN
*************************************************************************** Dr. Dobb's Journal, November/December 1976, page 57. ERRATA FOR RANKIN'S 6502 FLOATING POINT ROUTINES Sept. 22, 1976 Dear Jim, Subsequent to the publication of "Floating Point Routines for the 6502" (Vol.1, No.7) an error which I made in the LOG routine came to light which causes improper results if the argument is less than 1. The following changes will correct the error. 1. 2. After: Add: After: Delete: Add: 10 01 CA 86 09 A2 00 CONT JSR SWAP (1D07) LDX =0 LOAD X FOR HIGH BYTE OF EXPONENT STA LDA STA BPL DEX STX M1+1 (1D12) =0 M1 *+3 IS EXPONENT NEGATIVE YES, SET X TO $FF M1 SET UPPER BYTE OF EXPONENT
3. Changes 1 and 2 shift the code by 3 bytes so add 3 to the addresses of the constants LN10 through MHLF whenever they are referenced. For example the address of LN10 changes from 1DCD to 1DD0. Note also that the entry point for LOG10 becomes 1DBF. The routines stays within the page and hence the following routines (EXP etc.) are not affected. Yours truly, Roy Rankin Dep. of Mech. Eng. Stanford University
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- Apple II -- IA Floating point article +-----------------------------------------------------------------------Interface Age, November 1976, pages 103-111. Floating Point Routines for the 6502* by Roy Rankin Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University and Steve Wozniak Apple Computer Company *First appeared in Dr. DOBB's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia, Box 310, Menlo Park, CA 94025 The following floating point routines represent a joint effort between Steve Wozniak who wrote the basic floating point routines of FADD, FSUB, FMUL, FDIV and their support routines and myself, Roy Rankin, who added FIX, FLOAT, LOG, LOG10, and EXP. The basic floating point routines are failry Machine dependent, but the transcendental programs should be very easy to transport from one machine to another. The routines consist of the following math functions * * * * * * * * * LOG LOG10 EXP FADD FSUB FMUL FDIV FIX FLOAT Natural log Base 10 log Exponential Floating add Floating subtraction Floating multiplication Floating division Convert floating to fixed Convert fixed to floating
Two additional routines exchange the contents of exp/mant1 with exp/mant2 and compliments exp/ mant1. These routines are SWAP FCOMPL Exchange the contents of exp/mant 1 with exp/mant 2 Compliment exp/mant 1
Floating point numbers are represented by 4 bytes as shown in the following +- SIGN BIT +- SIGN BIT | 0 = + | 0 = + | 1 = | 1 = v v |S| |S| +- PRESUMED DECIMAL POINT |B| |B| v |_|_ _ _ _ _ _ _|_|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| |7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6.5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0| | | | | | | BYTE N | BYTE N+1 | BYTE N+2 | BYTE N+3 | | | | | | | | MOST SIG BYTE | | LEAST SIG BYTE| | | MANTISSA | | MANTISSA | | | | | | |<- EXPONENT ->|<--THREE BYTE MANTISSA --->| | (TWOS COMPLEMENT REPRESENTATION) | |<---FOUR-BYTE FLOATING POINT OPERAND ---->| The exponent byte is a binary scaling factor for the Mantissa. The exponent is a standard two's complement representation except that the sign bit is complemented and runs from +128 to +127. For example: $00 is -128 $01 is -127 * * $7F is -1 $80 is 0 $81 is -1 * * $FF is 127 The mantissa is standard two's complement representation with the sign bit in the most significant bit of the high order byte. The assumed decimal point is between bits 6 and 7 of the most significant byte. Thus the normalized mantissa ranges in absolute value from 1 to 2. Except when the exponent has a value of +128 the mantissa is normalized to retain maximum precision. The mantissa is normalized if the upper two bits of the high-order mantissa byte are unequal. Thus a normalized mantissa is of the following form: 01.xxxxxx positive mantissa (high byte) 10.xxxxxx negative mantissa (high byte) Assumed binary point Some sample floating point numbers in hex 83 80 7C 00 FC 7F 83 50 40 66 00 99 80 B0 00 00 66 00 99 00 00 00 00 66 00 9A 00 00 10. 1. .1 0. -.1 -1. -10.
The routines are all entered using a JSR instruction. Base page locations $004-$007 are referred to as exp/mant2 while $0008-000b are referred to as exp/
mant1 and act as floating point registers. On entry to the subroutines these registers contain the numbers to be operated upon and contain the result on return, The function of the registers is given before each entry point in the source listing. There are three error traps which will cause a software interrupts. ERROT (1D06) is encountered if the argument in the log routine is less than or equal to zero. OVFLW (1E3B) will be executed if the argument of EXP is too large. Overflow detected by the basic floating point routines will cause OVFL (1FE4) to be executed. The routines do not give underflow errors, but set the number to zero if underflow occurs. Readers of Dr. Dobbs's journal should note that when these routines were published in that journal the math function LOG contained an error which prevented the correct result from being given if the argument was less than 1. This error has been correted in the present listing and marked with "MOD 9/76."
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 APPROXIMATE 34 35 36 37 38 0003 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SEPTEMBER 11, 1976 BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES FOR 6502 MICROPROCESSOR BY R. RANKIN AND S. WOZNIAK CONSISTING OF: NATURAL LOG COMMON LOG EXPONENTIAL (E**X) FLOAT FIX FADD FSUB FMUL FDIV FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION (4-BYTES) EXPONENT BYTE 1 MANTISSA BYTES 2-4 MANTISSA: TWO'S COMPLIMENT REPRESENTATION WITH SIGN IN MSB OF HIGH-ORDER BYTE. MANTISSA IS NORMALIZED WITH AN ASSUMED DECIMAL POINT BETWEEN BITS 5 AND 6 OF THE HIGH-ORDER BYTE. THUS THE MANTISSA IS IN THE RANGE 1. TO 2. EXCEPT WHEN THE NUMBER IS LESS THAN 2**(-128). EXPONENT: THE EXPONENT REPRESENTS POWERS OF TWO. THE REPRESENTATION IS 2'S COMPLIMENT EXCEPT THAT THE SIGN BIT (BIT 7) IS COMPLIMENTED. THIS ALLOWS DIRECT COMPARISON OF EXPONENTS FOR SIZE SINCE THEY ARE STORED IN INCREASING NUMERICAL SEQUENCE RANGING FROM $00 (-128) TO $FF (+127) ($ MEANS NUMBER IS HEXADECIMAL). REPRESENTATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS: THE PRESENT FLOATING POINT REPRESENTATION ALLOWS DECIMAL NUMBERS IN THE RANGE OF 10**(-38) THROUGH 10**(38) WITH 6 TO 7 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS. ORG 3 SET BASE PAGE ADRESSES
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
0003 0004 0005 0008 0009 000C 0010 0014 0018 001C 1D00
EA EA 00 00 00 EA 00 00 00
00
SIGN X2 M2 X1 M1 E Z T SEXP INT * * * * LOG ERROR * CONT
NOP NOP BSS NOP BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
3 3 4 4 4 4 1
EXPONENT MANTISSA EXPONENT MANTISSA SCRATCH
2 2 1 1
ORG $1D00
STARTING LOCATION FOR LOG
NATURAL LOG OF MANT/EXP1 WITH RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 LDA M1 BEQ ERROR BPL CONT BRK JSR LDX LDA LDY STY EOR STA BPL DEX STX JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA STA DEX SWAP =0 X2 =$80 X2 =$80 M1+1 *+3 M1 FLOAT =3 X2,X Z,X X1,X SEXP,X R22,X X1,X SEXP1 FSUB =3 X1,X T,X Z,X X1,X R22,X X2,X SAVET FADD =3 T,X X2,X TM2 FDIV =3 X1,X T,X X2,X
1D00 1D02 1D04 1D06 1D07 1D0A 1D0C 1D0E 1D10 1D12 1D14 1D16 1D18 1D19 1D1B 1D1E 1D20 1D22 1D24 1D26 1D28 1D2B 1D2D 1D2E 1D30 1D33 1D35 1D37 1D39 1D3B 1D3D 1D40 1D42 1D43 1D45 1D48 1D4A 1D4C 1D4E 1D4F 1D51 1D54 1D56 1D58 1D5A 1D5C
A5 09 F0 02 10 01 00 20 A2 A5 A0 84 49 85 10 CA 86 20 A2 B5 95 B5 95 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 B5 95 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 95 CA 1C 1F 00 04 80 04 80 0A 01 09 2C 1F 03 04 10 08 18 D4 1D 08 F0 4A 1F 03 08 14 10 08 D4 1D 04 F0 50 1F 03 14 04 F9 9D 1F 03 08 14 04
IF ARG>0 OK ERROR ARG<=0 MOVE ARG TO EXP/MANT2 MOD 9/76: LOAD X FOR LATER HOLD EXPONENT SET EXPONENT 2 TO 0 ($80) COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF ORIGINAL EXPONENT SET EXPONENT INTO MANTISSA 1 FOR FLOAT MOD 9/76: IS EXPONENT ZERO? MOD 9/76: YES SET X TO $FF MOD 9/76: SET UPPER BYTE OF EXPONENT CONVERT TO FLOATING POINT 4 BYTE TRANSFERS COPY MANTISSA TO Z SAVE EXPONENT IN SEXP LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH SQRT(2)
SEXP1
SAVET
Z-SQRT(2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS T LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH Z LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH SQRT(2)
Z+SQRT(2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD T INTO EXP/MANT2 T=(Z-SQRT(2))/(Z+SQRT(2)) 4 BYTE TRANSFER COPY EXP/MANT1 TO T AND LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T
TM2
MIT
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
1D5D 1D5F 1D62 1D65 1D67 1D6A 1D6C 1D6D 1D6F 1D72 1D74 1D77 1D79 1D7A 1D7C 1D7F 1D81 1D84 1D86 1D87 1D89 1D8C 1D8E 1D90 1D92 1D93 1D95 1D98 1D9A 1D9D 1D9F 1DA0 1DA2 1DA5 1DA7 1DA9 1DAB 1DAC 1DAE 1DB1 1DB3 1DB6 1DB8 1DB9 1DBB 1DBE
10 20 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 60
F7 77 1F 1C 1F 03 E4 1D 08 F8 4A 1F 03 E0 1D 04 F8 9D 1F 03 DC 1D 04 F8 50 1F 03 14 04 F9 77 1F 03 E8 1D 04 F8 50 1F 03 18 04 F9 50 1F 03 D8 1D 04 F8 77 1F
MIC
M2MB
M2A1
M2T
M2MHL
LDEXP
MLE2
BPL JSR JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR RTS
MIT FMUL SWAP =3 C,X X1,X MIC FSUB =3 MB,X X2,X M2MB FDIV =3 A1,X X2,X M2A1 FADD =3 T,X X2,X M2T FMUL =3 MHLF,X X2,X M2MHL FADD =3 SEXP,X X2,X LDEXP FADD =3 LE2,X X2,X MLE2 FMUL
T*T MOVE T*T TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C T*T-C 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MB MB/(T*T-C) LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A1 MB/(T*T-C)+A1 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T (MB/(T*T-C)+A1)*T 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MHLF (.5) +.5 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH ORIGINAL EXPONENT +EXPN 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LN(2) *LN(2) RETURN RESULT IN MANT/EXP1
1DBF 1DC2 1DC4 1DC7 1DC9 1DCA 1DCC 1DCF 1DD0 1DD4
20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 60 7E 2D 80 82
00 1D 03 D0 1D 04 F8 77 1F 6F ED 5A 7A
* * COMMON LOG OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 * LOG10 JSR LOG COMPUTE NATURAL LOG LDX =3 L10 LDA LN10,X STA X2,X LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH 1/LN(10) DEX BPL L10 JSR FMUL LOG10(X)=LN(X)/LN(10) RTS * LN10 DCM 0.4342945 R22 DCM 1.4142136 SQRT(2)
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
1DD8 1DDC 1DE0 1DE4 1DE8 1E00
7F B9 80 B0 81 86 80 08 7F 00
58 0C 52 40 AB 49 6A 66 40 00
LE2 A1 MB C MHLF * * * * EXP
DCM DCM DCM DCM DCM
0.69314718 1.2920074 -2.6398577 1.6567626 0.5
LOG BASE E OF 2
ORG $1E00
STARTING LOCATION FOR EXP
EXP OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1 LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDA STA SEC SBC LDA SBC BPL CLC LDA ADC LDA ADC BPL LDA LDX STA DEX BPL RTS =3 L2E,X X2,X EXP+2 FMUL =3 X1,X Z,X FSA FIX M1+1 INT =124 M1 =0 OVFLW M1+1 =120 M1 =0 CONTIN =0 =3 X1,X ZERO 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LOG BASE 2 OF E LOG2(3)*X 4 BYTE TRANSFER STORE EXP/MANT1 IN Z SAVE Z=LN(2)*X CONVERT CONTENTS OF EXP/MANT1 TO AN INTEGER SAVE RESULT AS INT SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACTION INT-124 OVERFLOW INT>=124 CLEAR CARRY FOR ADD ADD 120 TO INT IF RESULT POSITIVE CONTINUE INT<-120 SET RESULT TO ZERO AND RETURN 4 BYTE MOVE SET EXP/MANT1 TO ZERO RETURN OVERFLOW FLOAT INT LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH Z Z*Z-FLOAT(INT) 4 BYTE MOVE SAVE EXP/MANT1 IN Z COPY EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2
1E00 1E02 1E05 1E07 1E08 1E0A 1E0D 1E0F 1E11 1E13 1E14 1E16 1E19 1E1B 1E1D 1E1E 1E20 1E22 1E24 1E26 1E27 1E29 1E2B 1E2D 1E2F 1E31 1E33 1E35 1E37 1E38 1E3A 1E3B 1E3C 1E3F 1E41 1E43 1E45 1E46 1E48 1E4B 1E4D 1E4F 1E51 1E53 1E54
A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A5 85 38 E9 A5 E9 10 18 A5 69 A5 69 10 A9 A2 95 CA 10 60 00 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 95 CA 10
03 D8 1E 04 F8 77 1F 03 08 10 F9 E8 1F 0A 1C 7C 09 00 15 0A 78 09 00 0B 00 03 08 FB
FSA
ZERO
2C 1F 03 10 04 F9 4A 1F 03 08 10 04 F7
* OVFLW BRK * CONTIN JSR FLOAT LDX =3 ENTD LDA Z,X STA X2,X DEX BPL ENTD JSR FSUB LDX =3 ZSAV LDA X1,X STA Z,X STA X2,X DEX BPL ZSAV
218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278
1E56 1E59 1E5B 1E5E 1E60 1E62 1E64 1E65 1E67 1E6A 1E6C 1E6F 1E71 1E72 1E74 1E77 1E79 1E7B 1E7D 1E80 1E82 1E84 1E86 1E87 1E89 1E8C 1E8F 1E91 1E93 1E95 1E96 1E98 1E9B 1E9D 1EA0 1EA2 1EA3 1EA5 1EA8 1EAB 1EAD 1EAF 1EB1 1EB2 1EB4 1EB7 1EB9 1EBB 1EBD 1EBE 1EC0 1EC3 1EC5 1EC8 1ECA 1ECB 1ECD 1ED0 1ED1 1ED3 1ED5
20 A2 BD 95 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 BD 95 B5 95 CA 10 20 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 B5 95 CA 10 20 A2 BD 95 CA 10 20 38 A5 65 85
77 1F 03 DC 1E 04 08 18 F4 50 1F 03 E0 1E 04 F8 9D 1F 03 08 14 E4 1E 08 18 04 F0 77 1F 1C 1F 03 14 08 F9 4A 1F 03 E8 1E 04 F8 50 1F 1C 1F 03 10 08 F9 4A 1F 03 10 04 F9 9D 1F 03 E8 1D 04 F8 50 1F 1C 08 08
LA2
LB2
DLOAD
LTMP
LDD
LFA
LF3
LD12
JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA DEX BPL JSR JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL JSR SEC LDA ADC STA
FMUL =3 A2,X X2,X X1,X SEXP,X LA2 FADD =3 B2,X X2,X LB2 FDIV =3 X1,X T,X C2,X X1,X SEXP,X X2,X DLOAD FMUL SWAP =3 T,X X1,X LTMP FSUB =3 D,X X2,X LDD FADD SWAP =3 Z,X X1,X LFA FSUB =3 Z,X X2,X LF3 FDIV =3 MHLF,X X2,X LD12 FADD INT X1 X1
Z*Z 4 BYTE MOVE LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A2 SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS SEXP Z*Z+A2 4 BYTE MOVE LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH B2 T=B/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE MOVE SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS T LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C2 LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH SEXP Z*Z*C2 MOVE EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH T C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH D D+C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) MOVE EXP/MANT1 TO EXP/MANT2 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH Z -Z+D+C2*Z*Z-B2/(Z*Z+A2) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH Z Z/(**** ) 4 BYTE TRANSFER LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH .5 +Z/(***)+.5 ADD INT TO EXPONENT WITH CARRY SET TO MULTIPLY BY 2**(INT+1) RETURN RESULT TO EXPONENT
279 1ED7 60 RTS RETURN ANS=(.5+Z/(-Z+D+C2*Z*ZB2/(Z*Z+A2))*2**(INT+1) 280 1ED8 80 5C L2E DCM 1.4426950409 LOG BASE 2 OF E 55 1E 281 1EDC 86 57 A2 DCM 87.417497202 6A E1 282 1EE0 89 4D B2 DCM 617.9722695 3F 1D 283 1EE4 7B 46 C2 DCM .03465735903 4A 70 284 1EE8 83 4F D DCM 9.9545957821 A3 03 285 * 286 * 287 * BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES 288 * 289 1F00 ORG $1F00 START OF BASIC FLOATING POINT ROUTINES 290 1F00 18 ADD CLC CLEAR CARRY 291 1F01 A2 02 LDX =$02 INDEX FOR 3-BYTE ADD 292 1F03 B5 09 ADD1 LDA M1,X 293 1F05 75 05 ADC M2,X ADD A BYTE OF MANT2 TO MANT1 294 1F07 95 09 STA M1,X 295 1F09 CA DEX ADVANCE INDEX TO NEXT MORE SIGNIF.BYTE 296 1F0A 10 F7 BPL ADD1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. 297 1F0C 60 RTS RETURN 298 1F0D 06 03 MD1 ASL SIGN CLEAR LSB OF SIGN 299 1F0F 20 12 1F JSR ABSWAP ABS VAL OF MANT1, THEN SWAP MANT2 300 1F12 24 09 ABSWAP BIT M1 MANT1 NEG? 301 1F14 10 05 BPL ABSWP1 NO,SWAP WITH MANT2 AND RETURN 302 1F16 20 8F 1F JSR FCOMPL YES, COMPLIMENT IT. 303 1F19 E6 03 INC SIGN INCR SIGN, COMPLEMENTING LSB 304 1F1B 38 ABSWP1 SEC SET CARRY FOR RETURN TO MUL/DIV 305 * 306 * SWAP EXP/MANT1 WITH EXP/MANT2 307 * 308 1F1C A2 04 SWAP LDX =$04 INDEX FOR 4-BYTE SWAP. 309 1F1E 94 0B SWAP1 STY E-1,X 310 1F20 B5 07 LDA X1-1,X SWAP A BYTE OF EXP/MANT1 WITH 311 1F22 B4 03 LDY X2-1,X EXP/MANT2 AND LEAVEA COPY OF 312 1F24 94 07 STY X1-1,X MANT1 IN E(3BYTES). E+3 USED. 313 1F26 95 03 STA X2-1,X 314 1F28 CA DEX ADVANCE INDEX TO NEXT BYTE 315 1F29 D0 F3 BNE SWAP1 LOOP UNTIL DONE. 316 1F2B 60 RTS 317 * 318 * 319 * 320 * CONVERT 16 BIT INTEGER IN M1(HIGH) AND M1+1(LOW) TO F.P. 321 * RESULT IN EXP/MANT1. EXP/MANT2 UNEFFECTED 322 * 323 * 324 1F2C A9 8E FLOAT LDA =$8E 325 1F2E 85 08 STA X1 SET EXPN TO 14 DEC 326 1F30 A9 00 LDA =0 CLEAR LOW ORDER BYTE 327 1F32 85 0B STA M1+2 328 1F34 F0 08 BEQ NORM NORMALIZE RESULT 329 1F36 C6 08 NORM1 DEC X1 DECREMENT EXP1 330 1F38 06 0B ASL M1+2 331 1F3A 26 0A ROL M1+1 SHIFT MANT1 (3 BYTES) LEFT 332 1F3C 26 09 ROL M1 333 1F3E A5 09 NORM LDA M1 HIGH ORDER MANT1 BYTE 334 1F40 0A ASL UPPER TWO BITS UNEQUAL?
335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 SIGN 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395
1F41 1F43 1F45 1F47 1F49
45 30 A5 D0 60
09 04 08 ED
1F4A 1F4D
20 8F 1F 20 5D 1F
1F50 1F52 1F54 1F56 1F59 1F5B 1F5D 1F5F 1F61 1F62 1F64 1F66 1F68 1F6A 1F6C 1F6D 1F6F 1F71 1F73 1F74 1F76
A5 C5 D0 20 50 70 90 A5 0A E6 F0 A2 A9 B0 0A 56 15 95 E8 D0 60
04 08 F7 00 1F E3 05 BD 09 08 7E FA 80 01 0F 0F 0F F2
RTS1 * * * EXP/MANT2-EXP/MANT1 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FSUB JSR FCOMPL CMPL MANT1 CLEARS CARRY UNLESS ZERO SWPALG JSR ALGNSW RIGHT SHIFT MANT1 OR SWAP WITH MANT2 ON CARRY * * ADD EXP/MANT1 AND EXP/MANT2 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FADD LDA X2 CMP X1 COMPARE EXP1 WITH EXP2 BNE SWPALG IF UNEQUAL, SWAP ADDENDS OR ALIGN MANTISSAS JSR ADD ADD ALIGNED MANTISSAS ADDEND BVC NORM NO OVERFLOW, NORMALIZE RESULTS BVS RTLOG OV: SHIFT MANT1 RIGHT. NOTE CARRY IS CORRECT ALGNSW BCC SWAP SWAP IF CARRY CLEAR, ELSE SHIFT RIGHT ARITH. RTAR LDA M1 SIGN OF MANT1 INTO CARRY FOR ASL RIGHT ARITH SHIFT RTLOG INC X1 INCR EXP1 TO COMPENSATE FOR RT SHIFT BEQ OVFL EXP1 OUT OF RANGE. RTLOG1 LDX =$FA INDEX FOR 6 BYTE RIGHT SHIFT ROR1 LDA =$80 BCS ROR2 ASL ROR2 LSR E+3,X SIMULATE ROR E+3,X ORA E+3,X STA E+3,X INX NEXT BYTE OF SHIFT BNE ROR1 LOOP UNTIL DONE RTS RETURN * * * EXP/MANT1 X EXP/MANT2 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1 * FMUL JSR MD1 ABS. VAL OF MANT1, MANT2 ADC X1 ADD EXP1 TO EXP2 FOR PRODUCT EXPONENT JSR MD2 CHECK PRODUCT EXP AND PREPARE FOR MUL CLC CLEAR CARRY MUL1 JSR RTLOG1 MANT1 AND E RIGHT.(PRODUCT AND MPLIER) BCC MUL2 IF CARRY CLEAR, SKIP PARTIAL PRODUCT JSR ADD ADD MULTIPLICAN TO PRODUCT MUL2 DEY NEXT MUL ITERATION BPL MUL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE MDEND LSR SIGN TEST SIGN (EVEN/ODD) NORMX BCC NORM IF EXEN, NORMALIZE PRODUCT, ELSE COMPLEMENT FCOMPL SEC SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT LDX =$03 INDEX FOR 3 BYTE SUBTRACTION COMPL1 LDA =$00 CLEAR A SBC X1,X SUBTRACT BYTE OF EXP1 STA X1,X RESTORE IT DEX NEXT MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE BNE COMPL1 LOOP UNTIL DONE BEQ ADDEND NORMALIZE (OR SHIFT RIGHT IF OVERFLOW) * * * EXP/MANT2 / EXP/MANT1 RESULT IN EXP/MANT1
EOR BMI LDA BNE RTS
M1 RTS1 X1 NORM1
YES,RETURN WITH MANT1 NORMALIZED EXP1 ZERO? NO, CONTINUE NORMALIZING RETURN
1F77 1F7A 1F7C 1F7F 1F80 1F83 1F85 1F88 1F89 1F8B 1F8D 1F8F 1F90 1F92 1F94 1F96 1F98 1F99 1F9B
20 65 20 18 20 90 20 88 10 46 90 38 A2 A9 F5 95 CA D0 F0
0D 1F 08 CD 1F 66 1F 03 00 1F F5 03 AF 03 00 08 08 F7 BC
396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447
1F9D 1FA0 1FA2 1FA5 1FA6 1FA8 1FAA 1FAC 1FAD 1FAE 1FB0 1FB2 1FB3 1FB5 1FB7 1FB8 1FBA 1FBC 1FBE 1FC0 1FC2 1FC4 1FC6 1FC8 1FC9 1FCB 1FCD 1FCF 1FD1 1FD3 1FD5 1FD7 1FD8 1FD9 1FDB 1FDD 1FDF 1FE1 1FE2 1FE4
20 E5 20 38 A2 B5 F5 48 CA 10 A2 68 90 95 E8 D0 26 26 26 06 26 26 B0 88 D0 F0 86 86 86 B0 30 68 68 90 49 85 A0 60 10 00
0D 1F 08 CD 1F 02 05 0C F8 FD 02 08 F8 0B 0A 09 07 06 05 1C DA BE 0B 0A 09 0D 04 B2 80 08 17 F7
* FDIV DIV1 DIV2
DIV3 DIV4
MD2
MD3
1FE5 1FE8 1FEA 1FEC 1FEE
20 A5 C9 D0 60
5F 1F 08 8E F7
OVCHK MD3 OVFL * * * CONVERT EXP/MANT1 TO INTEGER IN M1 (HIGH) AND M1+1(LOW) * EXP/MANT2 UNEFFECTED * JSR RTAR SHIFT MANT1 RT AND INCREMENT EXPNT FIX LDA X1 CHECK EXPONENT CMP =$8E IS EXPONENT 14? BNE FIX-3 NO, SHIFT RTRN RTS RETURN END
JSR SBC JSR SEC LDX LDA SBC PHA DEX BPL LDX PLA BCC STA INX BNE ROL ROL ROL ASL ROL ROL BCS DEY BNE BEQ STX STX STX BCS BMI PLA PLA BCC EOR STA LDY RTS BPL BRK
MD1 X1 MD2 =$02 M2,X E,X DIV2 =$FD DIV4 M2+3,X DIV3 M1+2 M1+1 M1 M2+2 M2+1 M2 OVFL DIV1 MDEND M1+2 M1+1 M1 OVCHK MD3 NORMX =$80 X1 =$17
TAKE ABS VAL OF MANT1, MANT2 SUBTRACT EXP1 FROM EXP2 SAVE AS QUOTIENT EXP SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT INDEX FOR 3-BYTE INSTRUCTION SUBTRACT A BYTE OF E FROM MANT2 SAVE ON STACK NEXT MORE SIGNIF BYTE LOOP UNTIL DONE INDEX FOR 3-BYTE CONDITIONAL MOVE PULL A BYTE OF DIFFERENCE OFF STACK IF MANT2<E THEN DONT RESTORE MANT2 NEXT LESS SIGNIF BYTE LOOP UNTIL DONE ROLL QUOTIENT LEFT, CARRY INTO LSB SHIFT DIVIDEND LEFT OVERFLOW IS DUE TO UNNORMALIZED DIVISOR NEXT DIVIDE ITERATION LOOP UNTIL DONE 23 ITERATIONS NORMALIZE QUOTIENT AND CORRECT SIGN CLR MANT1 (3 BYTES) FOR MUL/DIV IF EXP CALC SET CARRY, CHECK FOR OVFL IF NEG NO UNDERFLOW POP ONE RETURN LEVEL CLEAR X1 AND RETURN COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF EXP STORE IT COUNT FOR 24 MUL OR 23 DIV ITERATIONS RETURN IF POS EXP THEN NO OVERFLOW
OBJECT CODE DUMP 1D00 1D10 1D20 1D30 1D40 1D50 A5 84 B5 20 95 F9 09 04 04 4A 04 20 F0 49 95 1F CA 9D 02 80 10 A2 10 1F 10 85 B5 03 F0 A2 01 0A 08 B5 20 03 00 10 95 08 50 B5 20 01 18 95 1F 08 1C CA BD 14 A2 95 1F 86 D4 B5 03 14 A2 09 1D 10 B5 95 00 20 95 95 14 04 A5 2C 08 08 95 CA 04 1F CA BD 04 10 A0 A2 10 D4 CA F7 80 03 F0 1D 10 20
1D60 1D70 1D80 1D90 1DA0 1DB0 1DC0 1DD0 1DE0 1E00 1E10 1E20 1E30 1E40 1E50 1E60 1E70 1E80 1E90 1EA0 1EB0 1EC0 1ED0 1EE0 1F00 1F10 1F20 1F30 1F40 1F50 1F60 1F70 1F80 1F90 1FA0 1FB0 1FC0 1FD0 1FE0
77 4A 03 95 10 1F 00 73 81 A2 08 A5 0B 03 10 B5 04 95 03 95 08 20 38 89 18 12 B5 A9 0A A5 09 0F 20 A2 E5 A2 06 0A 17
1F 1F BD 04 F8 A2 1D 6F AB 03 95 09 A9 B5 95 08 CA 08 B5 04 CA 9D A5 4D A2 1F 07 00 45 04 0A 95 66 03 08 FD 07 86 60
20 A2 DC CA 20 03 A2 2D 86 BD 10 E9 00 10 04 95 10 B5 14 CA 10 1F 1C 3F 02 24 B4 85 09 C5 E6 0F 1F A9 20 68 26 09 10
1C 03 1D 10 50 BD 03 ED 49 D8 CA 00 A2 95 CA 18 F8 18 95 10 F9 A2 65 1D B5 09 03 0B 30 08 08 E8 90 00 CD 90 06 B0 F7
1F BD 95 F9 1F D8 BD 80 80 1E 10 10 03 04 10 CA 20 95 08 F8 20 03 08 7B 09 10 94 F0 04 D0 F0 D0 03 F5 1F 02 26 0D 00
A2 E0 04 20 A2 1D D0 5A 6A 95 F9 15 95 CA F7 10 9D 04 CA 20 4A BD 85 46 75 05 07 08 A5 F7 7E F2 20 08 38 95 05 30 20
03 1D CA 77 03 95 1D 82 08 04 20 18 08 10 20 F4 1F CA 10 50 1F E8 08 FA 05 20 95 C6 08 20 A2 60 00 95 A2 08 B0 04 5F
BD 95 10 1F B5 04 95 7A 66 CA E8 A5 CA F9 77 20 A2 10 F9 1F A2 1D 60 70 95 8F 03 08 D0 00 FA 20 1F 08 02 E8 1C 68 1F
E4 04 F8 A2 18 CA 04 7F 7F 10 1F 0A 10 20 1F 50 03 F0 20 20 03 95 80 83 09 1F CA 06 ED 1F A9 0D 88 CA B5 D0 88 68 A5
1D CA 20 03 95 10 CA 58 40 F8 A5 69 FB 4A A2 1F B5 20 4A 1C B5 04 5C 4F CA E6 D0 0B 60 50 80 1F 10 D0 05 F8 D0 90 08
95 10 50 BD 04 F8 10 B9 00 20 0A 78 60 1F 03 A2 08 77 1F 1F 10 CA 55 A3 10 03 F3 26 20 E3 B0 65 F5 F7 F5 26 DA B2 C9
08 F8 1F E8 CA 20 F8 0C 00 77 85 A5 00 A2 BD 03 95 1F A2 A2 95 10 1E 03 F7 38 60 0A 8F 70 01 08 46 F0 0C 0B F0 49 8E
CA 20 A2 1D 10 77 20 80 1F 1C 09 20 03 DC BD 14 20 03 03 04 F8 86 60 A2 A9 26 1F 05 0A 20 03 BC 48 26 BE 80 D0
10 9D 03 95 F9 1F 77 52 A2 38 69 2C B5 1E E0 BD 1C BD B5 CA 20 57 06 04 8E 09 20 90 56 CD 90 20 CA 0A 86 85 F7
F8 1F B5 04 20 60 1F B0 03 E9 00 1F 08 95 1E E4 1F E8 10 10 50 6A 03 94 85 A5 5D BD 0F 1F AF 0D 10 26 0B 08 60
20 A2 14 CA 50 20 60 40 B5 7C 10 A2 95 04 95 1E A2 1E 95 F9 1F E1 20 0B 08 09 1F A5 15 18 38 1F F8 09 86 A0
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- SYM Computer -- SYM Monitor listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------SYM-1 SUPERMON AND AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE SOURCES COMBINED AND CONVERTED TO TELEMARK ASSEMBLER (TASM) V3.1 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 0008 0009 0010 0011 0012 0013 0014 0015 0016 0017 0018 0019 0020 0021 0022 0023 0024 0025 0026 0027 0028 0029 0030 0031 0032 0033 0034 0035 0036 0037 0038 0039 0040 0041 0042 0043 0044 0045 0046 0047 0048 0049 0050 0051 0052 0053 0054 0000 0000 0000 0000 A600 A600 A620 A620 A630 A631 A632 A633 A634 A635 A636 A637 A638 A639 A63A A63B A63C A63D A63E A63E A63F A640 A645 A646 A649 A64A A64A A64A A64A A64A A64B A64C A64D A64E A64F A650 A651 A652 A653 A653 A654 A654 A655 A656 A657 A658 A659 A659 A659 ; ;***** ;***** COPYRIGHT 1979 SYNERTEK SYSTEMS CORPORATION ;***** VERSION 2 4/13/79 "SY1.1" *=$A600 ;SYS RAM (ECHOED AT TOP OF MEM) SCPBUF .BLOCK $20 ;SCOPE BUFFER LAST 32 CHARS RAM =* ;DEFAULT BLK FILLS STARTING HERE JTABLE .BLOCK $10 ; 8JUMPS - ABS ADDR, LO HI ORDER TAPDEL .BLOCK 1 ;KH TAPE DELAY KMBDRY .BLOCK 1 ;KIM TAPE READ BOUNDARY HSBDRY .BLOCK 1 ;HS TAPE READ BOUNDARY SCR3 .BLOCK 1 ;RAM SCRATCH LOCS 3-F SCR4 .BLOCK 1 TAPET1 .BLOCK 1 ;HS TAPE 1/2 BIT TIME SCR6 .BLOCK 1 SCR7 .BLOCK 1 SCR8 .BLOCK 1 SCR9 .BLOCK 1 SCRA .BLOCK 1 SCRB .BLOCK 1 TAPET2 .BLOCK 1 ;HS TAPE 1/2 BIT TIME SCRD .BLOCK 1 RC =SCRD SCRE .BLOCK 1 SCRF .BLOCK 1 DISBUF .BLOCK 5 ;DISPLAY BUFFER RDIG .BLOCK 1 ;RIGHT MOST DIGIT OF DISPLAY .BLOCK 3 ;NOT USED PARNR .BLOCK 1 ;NUMBER OF PARMS RECEIVED ; ; 3 16 BIT PARMS, LO HI ORDER ; PASSED TO EXECUTE BLOCKS ; P3L .BLOCK 1 P3H .BLOCK 1 P2L .BLOCK 1 P2H .BLOCK 1 P1L .BLOCK 1 P1H .BLOCK 1 PADBIT .BLOCK 1 ;PAD BITS FOR CARRIAGE RETURN SDBYT .BLOCK 1 ;SPEED BYTE FOR TERMINAL I/O ERCNT .BLOCK 1 ; ERROR COUNT (MAX $FF) ; BIT 7 = ECHO /NO ECHO, BIT 6 = CTL O TOGGLE SW TECHO .BLOCK 1 ;TERMINAL ECHO LAG ; BIT7 =CRT IN, 6 =TTY IN, 5 = TTY OUT, 4 = CRT OUT TOUTFL .BLOCK 1 ;OUTPUT FLAGS KSHFL .BLOCK 1 ;KEYBOARD SHIFT FLAG TV .BLOCK 1 ;TRACE VELOCITY (0=SINGLE STEP) LSTCOM .BLOCK 1 ;STORE LAST MONITOR COMMAND MAXRC .BLOCK 1 ;MAXIMUM REC LENGTH FOR MEM DUMP ; ; USER REG'S FOLLOW ;
0055 0056 0057 0058 0059 0060 0061 0062 0063 0064 0065 0066 0067 0068 0069 0070 0071 0072 0073 0074 0075 0076 0077 0078 0079 0080 0081 0082 0083 0084 0085 0086 0087 0088 0089 0090 0091 0092 0093 0094 0095 0096 0097 0098 0099 0100 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 0106 0107 0108 0109 0110 0111 0112 0113 0114 0115 0116
A659 A65A A65B A65C A65D A65E A65F A660 A660 A660 A660 A663 A666 A669 A66C A66F A672 A672 A672 A672 A674 A676 A678 A678 A67A A67A A67C A67E A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 A680 8000 8000 8003 8006 8009 800C 800F 800F 800F 800F 8010 8011 8012 8013 8014 8017 8019 801B 801C 801D 801E
4C 20 20 20 4C
7C FF 4A 71 03
8B 80 81 81 80
08 48 8A 48 BA BD 04 01 29 10 F0 07 68 AA 68 28
PCLR .BLOCK 1 ;PROG CTR PCHR .BLOCK 1 SR .BLOCK 1 ;STACK FR .BLOCK 1 ;FLAGS AR .BLOCK 1 ;AREG XR .BLOCK 1 ;XREG YR .BLOCK 1 ;YREG ; ; I/O VECTORS FOLLOW ; INVEC .BLOCK 3 ;IN CHAR OUTVEC .BLOCK 3 ;OUT CHAR INSVEC .BLOCK 3 ;IN STATUS URSVEC .BLOCK 3 ;UNRECOGNIZED SYNTAX VECTOR URCVEC .BLOCK 3 ;UNRECOGNIZED CMD/ERROR VECTOR SCNVEC .BLOCK 3 ;SCAN ON-BOARD DISPLAY ; ; TRACE, INTERRUPT VECTORS ; EXEVEC .BLOCK 2 ; EXEC CMD ALTERNATE INVEC TRCVEC .BLOCK 2 ;TRACE UBRKVC .BLOCK 2 ;USER BRK AFTER MONITOR UBRKV =UBRKVC UIRQVC .BLOCK 2 ;USER NON-BRK IRQ AFTER MONITOR UIRQV =UIRQVC NMIVEC .BLOCK 2 ;NMI RSTVEC .BLOCK 2 ;RESET IRQVEC .BLOCK 2 ;IRQ ; ; ;I/O REG DEFINITIONS PADA =$A400 ;KEYBOARD/DISPLAY PBDA =$A402 ;SERIAL I/O OR3A =$AC01 ;WP, DBON, DBOFF DDR3A =OR3A+2 ;DATA DIRECTION FOR SAME OR1B =$A000 DDR1B =$A002 PCR1 =$A00C ; POR/TAPE REMOTE ; ; MONITOR MAINLINE ; *=$8000 MONITR JMP MONENT ;INIT S, CLD, GET ACCESS WARM JSR GETCOM ;GET COMMAND + PARMS (0-3) JSR DISPAT ;DISPATCH CMD,PARMS TO EXEC BLKS JSR ERMSG ;DISP ER MSG IF CARRY SET JMP WARM ;AND CONTINUE ; ; TRACE AND INTERRUPT ROUTINES ; IRQBRK PHP ;IRQ OR BRK ? PHA TXA PHA TSX LDA $0104,X ;PICK UP FLAGS AND #$10 BEQ DETIRQ PLA ;BRK TAX PLA PLP
0117 0118 0119 0120 0121 0122 0123 0124 0125 0126 0127 0128 0129 0130 0131 0132 0133 0134 0135 0136 0137 0138 0139 0140 0141 0142 0143 0144 0145 0146 0147 0148 0149 0150 0151 0152 0153 0154 0155 0156 0157 0158 0159 0160 0161 0162 0163 0164 0165 0166 0167 0168 0169 0170 0171 0172 0173 0174 0175 0176 0177 0178
801F 8022 8023 8024 8025 8026 8029 802C 802D 8030 8032 8035 8036 8039 803A 803D 8040 8042 8045 8047 804A 804D 804E 8051 8053 8053 8053 8053 8053 8054 8057 805A 805D 805E 8061 8064 8067 806A 806D 806E 806F 8072 8074 8077 807A 807C 807F 8082 8085 8088 808B 808E 8091 8092 8093 8094 8095 8096 8097 809A 809B 809E
6C 68 AA 68 28 6C 20 38 20 A9 4C 08 20 38 20 EE D0 EE A9 4C 20 18 20 A9
F6 FF
F8 FF 86 8B 64 80 31 53 80 86 8B 64 59 03 5A 33 53 86 80 A6 A6 80 8B
64 80 30
48 20 20 20 68 20 4C 8D 8E 8C BA D8 BD 69 8D BD 69 8D BD 8D BD 9D BD 9D E8 E8 E8 9A E8 E8 8E 60 20 38
D3 80 4D 83 37 83 47 03 5D 5E 5F 04 FF 59 05 FF 5A 03 5C 02 05 01 04 8A 80 A6 A6 A6 01 A6 01 A6 01 A6 01 01 01 01
5B A6 86 8B
JMP ($FFF6) DETIRQ PLA TAX PLA PLP JMP ($FFF8) SVIRQ JSR ACCESS SEC JSR SAVINT LDA #'1' JMP IDISP USRENT PHP JSR ACCESS SEC JSR SAVINT INC PCLR BNE *+5 INC PCHR LDA #'3' JMP IDISP SVBRK JSR ACCESS CLC JSR SAVINT LDA #'0' ; INTRPT CODES 0 = ; 1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = IDISP PHA JSR DBOFF JSR CRLF JSR OPCCOM PLA JSR OUTCHR JMP WARM SAVINT STA AR STX XR STY YR TSX CLD LDA $104,X ADC #$FF STA PCLR LDA $105,X ADC #$FF STA PCHR LDA $103,X STA FR LDA $102,X STA $105,X LDA $101,X STA $104,X INX INX INX TXS INX INX STX SR RTS SVNMI JSR ACCESS SEC
;IRQ (NON BRK)
;SAVE REGS AND DISPLAY CODE
;USER ENTRY
BRK IRQ NMI USER ENTRY ;OUT PC, INTRPT CODE (FROM A) ;STOP NMI'S
;SAVE USER REGS AFTER INTRPT
;TRACE IF TV NE 0
0179 0180 0181 0182 0183 0184 0185 0186 0187 0188 0189 0190 0191 0192 0193 0194 0195 0196 0197 0198 0199 0200 0201 0202 0203 0204 0205 0206 0207 0208 0209 0210 0211 0212 0213 0214 0215 0216 0217 0218 0219 0220 0221 0222 0223 0224 0225 0226 0227 0228 0229 0230 0231 0232 0233 0234 0235 0236 0237 0238 0239 0240
809F 80A2 80A5 80A8 80AA 80AC 80AF 80B2 80B5 80B8 80BB 80BD 80C0 80C3 80C4 80C7 80CA 80CD 80D0 80D3 80D6 80D8 80DA 80DD 80E0 80E2 80E4 80E7 80E9 80EB 80EE 80F1 80F3 80F6 80F9 80FB 80FE 80FF 80FF 80FF 80FF 8102 8104 8107 810A 810C 810E 8110 8112 8114 8114 8116 8118 811A 811C 811E 8120 8123 8126 8129 812C 812F
20 20 AD D0 A9 4C 20 AD 20 20 90 4C 20 38 20 20 6C 20 4C AD 29 09 8D AD 09 D0 AD 29 09 8D AD 09 8D AD 29 8D 60
64 D3 56 05 32 53 37 5D 4A 5A 10 03 86 64 D3 74 E4 FD 01 DF 10 01 03 30 0F 01 EF 20 01 03 30 03 03 CF 03
80 80 A6 80 83 A6 83 83 80 8B 80 80 A6 80 83 AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC
20 A9 20 20 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 8D 20 20 20 4C A9
4D 83 2E 47 8A 1B 8A F3 7F F7 00 F3 53 1B 55 17 4C 0F 57 42 08 08 20 01
A6 83 82 82 82
JSR SAVINT JSR DBOFF ;STOP NMI'S LDA TV BNE TVNZ LDA #'2' JMP IDISP TVNZ JSR OPCCOM ;TRACE WITH DELAY LDA AR JSR OBCRLF ;DISPLAY ACC JSR DELAY BCC TRACON ;STOP IF KEY ENTERED JMP WARM TRCOFF JSR ACCESS ;DISABLE NMIS SEC JSR SAVINT JSR DBOFF JMP (TRCVEC) ;AND GO TO SPECIAL TRACE TRACON JSR DBON ;ENABLE NMI'S JMP GO1ENT+3 ;AND RESUME (NO WRITE PROT) DBOFF LDA OR3A ;PULSE DEBUG OFF AND #$DF ORA #$10 STA OR3A LDA DDR3A ORA #$30 BNE DBNEW-3 ;RELEASE FLIP FLOP SO KEY WORKS DBON LDA OR3A ;PULSE DEBUG ON AND #$EF ORA #$20 STA OR3A LDA DDR3A ORA #$30 STA DDR3A DBNEW LDA DDR3A ;RELEASE FLIP FLOP AND #$CF STA DDR3A RTS ; ; GETCOM - GET COMMAND AND 0-3 PARMS ; GETCOM JSR CRLF LDA #'.' ;PROMPT JSR OUTCHR GETC1 JSR INCHR BEQ GETCOM ;CARRIAGE RETURN? CMP #$7F ;DELETE? BEQ GETC1 CMP #0 ;NULL? BEQ GETC1 ; L,S,U NEED TO BE HASHED 2 BYTES TO ONE CMP #'S' BEQ HASHUS CMP #'U' BEQ HASHUS CMP #'L' BEQ HASHL STOCOM STA LSTCOM JSR SPACE JSR PSHOVE ;ZERO PARMS JSR PSHOVE JMP PARM ;AND GO GET PARMS HASHL LDA #$01 ;HASH LOAD CMDS TO ONE BYTE
0241 0242 0243 0244 0245 0246 0247 0248 0249 0250 0251 0252 0253 0254 0255 0256 0257 0258 0259 0260 0261 0262 0263 0264 0265 0266 0267 0268 0269 0270 0271 0272 0273 0274 0275 0276 0277 0278 0279 0280 0281 0282 0283 0284 0285 0286 0287 0288 0289 0290 0291 0292 0293 0294 0295 0296 0297 0298 0299 0300 0301 0302
8131 8133 8134 8135 8138 813B 813D 813E 8141 8143 8145 8147 814A 814A 814A 814A 814C 814E 8151 8154 8156 8159 815B 815D 8160 8162 8164 8167 8169 816B 816E 8171 8171 8171 8171 8173 8174 8177 8179 817C 817E 8181 8184 8185 8188 8188 8188 8188 8188 8189 818A 818B 818C 818D 818E 818F 8190 8191 8194 8197 819A 819D
10 0A 0A 8D 20 F0 18 6D 29 09 10 FF
02 57 A6 1B 8A C2 57 A6 0F 10 D9 FF FF
C9 D0 AD AE D0 4C E0 D0 4C E0 D0 4C E0 D0 4C 6C
0D 20 57 49 03 95 01 03 DA 02 03 19 03 03 14 6A
A6 A6 83 84 86 87 A6
90 48 20 A9 20 A9 20 20 68 4C
44 4D 45 47 52 47 42 83 8A 8A 83
FA 82
08 48 48 48 08 48 8A 48 BA BD 9D BD 9D BD
09 05 07 09 01
01 01 01 01 01
BPL HASHUS+2 HASHUS ASL A ;HASH 'USER' CMDS TO ONE BYTE A ASL A ;U0 = $14 THRU U17 =$1B STA LSTCOM JSR INCHR ;GET SECOND BEQ GETCOM CLC ADC LSTCOM AND #$0F ORA #$10 BPL STOCOM .DB $FF,$FF,$FF ;NOT USED ; ;DISPATCH TO EXEC BLK 0PARM, 1PARM, 2PARM, OR 3PARM ; DISPAT CMP #$0D ;C/R IF OK ELSE URSVEC BNE HIPN LDA LSTCOM LDX PARNR BNE M12 JMP BZPARM ;0 PARM BLOCK M12 CPX #$01 BNE M13 JMP B1PARM ;1 PARM BLOCK M13 CPX #$02 BNE M14 JMP B2PARM ;2 PARM BLOCK M14 CPX #$03 BNE HIPN JMP B3PARM ;3 PARM BLOCK HIPN JMP (URSVEC+1) ;ELSE UNREC SYNTAX VECTOR ; ; ERMSG - PRINT ACC IN HEX IF CARRY SET ; ERMSG BCC M15 PHA JSR CRLF LDA #'E' JSR OUTCHR LDA #'R' JSR OUTCHR JSR SPACE PLA JMP OUTBYT ; ; SAVER - SAVE ALL REG'S + FLAGS ON STACK ; RETURN WITH F,A,X,Y UNCHANGED ; STACK HAS FLAGS,A,X,Y, PUSHED SAVER PHP PHA PHA PHA PHP PHA TXA PHA TSX LDA $0109,X STA $0105,X LDA $0107,X STA $0109,X LDA $0101,X
0303 0304 0305 0306 0307 0308 0309 0310 0311 0312 0313 0314 0315 0316 0317 0318 0319 0320 0321 0322 0323 0324 0325 0326 0327 0328 0329 0330 0331 0332 0333 0334 0335 0336 0337 0338 0339 0340 0341 0342 0343 0344 0345 0346 0347 0348 0349 0350 0351 0352 0353 0354 0355 0356 0357 0358 0359 0360 0361 0362 0363 0364
81A0 81A3 81A6 81A9 81AC 81AF 81B0 81B3 81B4 81B5 81B6 81B7 81B8 81B8 81B9 81BA 81BD 81BE 81BE 81BF 81C0 81C1 81C4 81C4 81C5 81C6 81C7 81C8 81C9 81CA 81CB 81CB 81CB 81CB 81CD 81CF 81D1 81D2 81D3 81D6 81D9 81DC 81DF 81E1 81E2 81E3 81E4 81E5 81E8 81EB 81EE 81F0 81F3 81F4 81F5 81F7 81F9 81FC 81FE 81FF 8201 8204
9D BD 9D BD 9D 98 9D 68 AA 68 28 60
07 08 04 06 08
01 01 01 01 01
06 01
08 BA 9D 04 01 28 08 68 BA 9D 04 01 68 A8 68 AA 68 28 60
C9 F0 C9 38 60 20 20 20 20 B0 0A 0A 0A 0A 8D 20 20 B0 0D 18 60 C9 D0 20 D0 B8 50 2C C9
20 02 3E FA 3A 1B 75 14 82 83 8A 82
33 1B 75 11 33
A6 8A 82 A6
3A 05 1B 8A F5 03 04 82 0D
STA $0107,X LDA $0108,X STA $0104,X LDA $0106,X STA $0108,X TYA STA $0106,X PLA TAX PLA PLP M15 RTS ; RESTORE EXCEPT A,F RESXAF PHP TSX STA $0104,X PLP ; RESTORE EXCEPT F RESXF PHP PLA TSX STA $0104,X ; RESTORE ALL 100% RESALL PLA TAY PLA TAX PLA PLP RTS ; ; MONITOR UTILITIES ; ADVCK CMP #$20 BEQ M1 CMP #'>' M1 SEC RTS OBCMIN JSR OUTBYT COMINB JSR COMMA INBYTE JSR INCHR JSR ASCNIB BCS OUT4 ASL A ASL A ASL A ASL A STA SCR3 JSR INCHR JSR ASCNIB BCS OUT2 ORA SCR3 GOOD CLC RTS OUT4 CMP #':' BNE OUT1 JSR INCHR BNE GOOD OUT1 CLV BVC CRCHK OUT2 BIT CRCHK CRCHK CMP #$0D
;SPACE? ;FWD ARROW? ;OUT BYTE, OUT COMMA, IN BYTE ;OUT COMMA, IN BYTE
;COLON ? ;CARRIAGE RETURN?
;CHECK FOR C/R
0365 0366 0367 0368 0369 0370 0371 0372 0373 0374 0375 0376 0377 0378 0379 0380 0381 0382 0383 0384 0385 0386 0387 0388 0389 0390 0391 0392 0393 0394 0395 0396 0397 0398 0399 0400 0401 0402 0403 0404 0405 0406 0407 0408 0409 0410 0411 0412 0413 0414 0415 0416 0417 0418 0419 0420 0421 0422 0423 0424 0425 0426
8206 8207 8208 820A 820D 8210 8213 8216 8219 821C 821D 821F 8220 8223 8225 8228 822B 822E 8231 8233 8235 8237 8239 823B 823E 8241 8244 8246 8248 824A 824D 824F 8251 8254 8257 8258 825A 825D 8260 8262 8265 8267 826A 826C 826F 8271 8272 8275 8277 8279 827B 827D 827F 8281 8283 8285 8287 8289 828B 828C 828D 828F
38 60 A2 0E 2E 2E 2E 2E 2E CA D0 60 20 A9 8D 8D 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 A2 8E EE AE E0 D0 F0 20 B0 A2 0E 2E CA D0 0D 8D A9 8D D0 2C F0 EE C9 18 4C C9 F0 C9 90 C9 B0 C9 B0 C9 90 C9 38 60 E9 29
10 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F EB 88 00 49 33 08 1B 2C 04 2D 11 FF 33 49 49 03 E3 1D 75 18 04 4A 4B F7 4A 4A FF 33 C7 33 03 49 0D
A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6
81 A6 A6 82 8A
A6 A6 A6
82 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6
B8 81 0D 19 30 0C 47 08 41 08 3A 06 30 37 0F
SEC RTS PSHOVE LDX PRM10 ASL ROL ROL ROL ROL ROL DEX BNE RTS PARM JSR LDA STA STA PM1 JSR PARFIL JSR CMP BEQ CMP BNE M21 LDX STX INC LDX CPX BNE BEQ M22 JSR BCS LDX M23 ASL ROL DEX BNE ORA STA LDA STA BNE M24 BIT BEQ INC M25 CMP CLC JMP ASCNIB CMP BEQ CMP BCC CMP BCS CMP BCS CMP BCC M26 CMP SEC RTS M27 SBC M28 AND
#$10 P3L P3H P2L P2H P1L P1H PRM10 SAVER #0 PARNR SCR3 PSHOVE INCHR #',' M21 #'-' M22 #$FF SCR3 PARNR PARNR #$03 PM1 M24 ASCNIB M24 #4 P3L P3H M23 P3L P3L #$FF SCR3 PARFIL SCR3 M25 PARNR #$0D RESXAF #$0D M29 #'0' M26 #'G' M26 #'A' M27 #':' M28 #'0' #$37 #$0F
;PUSH PARMS DOWN
;GET PARMS - RETURN ON C/R OR ERR
;VALID DELIMETERS - ,
;C/R?
;CARRY SET - NON HEX
0427 0428 0429 0430 0431 0432 0433 0434 0435 0436 0437 0438 0439 0440 0441 0442 0443 0444 0445 0446 0447 0448 0449 0450 0451 0452 0453 0454 0455 0456 0457 0458 0459 0460 0461 0462 0463 0464 0465 0466 0467 0468 0469 0470 0471 0472 0473 0474 0475 0476 0477 0478 0479 0480 0481 0482 0483 0484 0485 0486 0487 0488
8291 8292 8293 8296 8298 829B 829C 829F 82A1 82A4 82A6 82A7 82AA 82AC 82AF 82B1 82B2 82B4 82B6 82B8 82BA 82BD 82BE 82C0 82C2 82C4 82C6 82C8 82CA 82CD 82CF 82D2 82D4 82D6 82D9 82DA 82DD 82DE 82DF 82E0 82E3 82E6 82E8 82EB 82EC 82ED 82EE 82F1 82F4 82F5 82F6 82F9 82FA 82FB 82FC 82FD 82FE 82FF 8300 8303 8304 8307
18 60 EE D0 EE 60 AE 86 AE 86 60 AE 86 AE 86 60 E6 D0 E6 D0 2C 60 A5 D0 A5 F0 C6 C6 20 A5 CD D0 A5 CD B8 4C 08 48 18 6D 8D 90 EE 68 28 60 AD AE 48 8A 20 68 48 48 4A 4A 4A 4A 20 68 20 68
4A A6 03 4B A6 4D A6 FF 4C A6 FE 4B A6 FF 4A A6 FE FE 14 FF 10 BD 82 FE 06 FF F2 FF FE 88 81 FF 4B A6 05 FE 4A A6 BE 81
M29 INCP3
P2SCR
P3SCR
INCCMP WRAP EXWRAP DECCMP
M32 COMPAR
EXITCP CHKSAD
36 A6 36 A6 03 37 A6
M33 OUTPC OUTXAH
59 A6 5A A6 FA 82
OUTBYT
44 8A 44 8A
CLC RTS INC BNE INC RTS LDX STX LDX STX RTS LDX STX LDX STX RTS INC BNE INC BNE BIT RTS LDA BNE LDA BEQ DEC DEC JSR LDA CMP BNE LDA CMP CLV JMP PHP PHA CLC ADC STA BCC INC PLA PLP RTS LDA LDX PHA TXA JSR PLA PHA PHA LSR LSR LSR LSR JSR PLA JSR PLA
P3L *+5 P3H P2H $FF P2L $FE P3H $FF P3L $FE $FE COMPAR $FF COMPAR EXWRAP $FE M32 $FF WRAP $FF $FE SAVER $FF P3H EXITCP $FE P3L RESXF
;INCREMENT P3 (16 BITS)
;MOVE P2 TO FE,FF
;MOVE P3 TO FE,FF
;INCREM FE,FF, COMPARE TO P3 ;TEST TO WRAP AROUND ;DECREM FE,FF AND COMPARE TO P3
;COMPARE FE,FF TO P3
;16 BIT CKSUM IN SCR6,7 SCR6 SCR6 M33 SCR7
PCLR PCHR OUTBYT
;OUTPUT PC
;OUTPUT 2 HEX DIGS FROM A A A A A NBASOC NBASOC
0489 0490 0491 0492 0493 0494 0495 0496 0497 0498 0499 0500 0501 0502 0503 0504 0505 0506 0507 0508 0509 0510 0511 0512 0513 0514 0515 0516 0517 0518 0519 0520 0521 0522 0523 0524 0525 0526 0527 0528 0529 0530 0531 0532 0533 0534 0535 0536 0537 0538 0539 0540 0541 0542 0543 0544 0545 0546 0547 0548 0549 0550
8308 8309 830B 830D 830F 8311 8313 8315 8316 8319 831B 831D 8320 8322 8325 8328 832B 832E 8330 8333 8336 8337 833A 833B 833D 833F 8342 8343 8345 8348 8349 834A 834D 834E 8350 8353 8355 8358 8359 835A 835D 8360 8362 8365 8368 836B 836E 836F 8371 8374 8377 8379 837C 837E 8381 8383 8386 8386 8386 8386 8389 838B
60 29 C9 B0 69 90 69 60 20 A6 A5 4C A9 4C 20 AD 4C A9 8D 8D 60 20 48 A9 D0 20 48 A9 20 68 60 20 48 A9 20 A9 20 68 60 AE 20 A9 8D 8D 0E 2E CA D0 20 20 B0 EE D0 EE D0 4C
0F 0A 04 30 02 36 4D FF FE F4 3F 47 3A 36 FA 00 36 37 83 82 8A 83 A6 82 A6 A6
EE 82 2C 06 42 83 20 47 8A FA 82 0D 47 8A 0A 47 8A 56 88 FF 39 38 38 39 F7 03 86 0A 38 03 39 EE BE A6 81 A6 A6 A6 A6 89 83 A6 A6 81
20 92 83 90 06 20 92 83
RTS NIBASC AND #$0F ;NIBBLE IN A TO ASCII IN A CMP #$0A ;LINE FEED BCS NIBALF ADC #$30 BCC EXITNB NIBALF ADC #$36 EXITNB RTS CRLFSZ JSR CRLF ;PRINT CRLF, FF, FE LDX $FF LDA $FE JMP OUTXAH OUTQM LDA #'?' JMP OUTCHR OCMCK JSR COMMA ;OUT COMMA, CKSUM LO LDA SCR6 JMP OUTBYT ZERCK LDA #0 ;INIT CHECKSUM STA SCR6 STA SCR7 RTS OPCCOM JSR OUTPC ;PC OUT, COMMA OUT COMMA PHA ;COMMA OUT LDA #',' BNE SPCP3 SPC2 JSR SPACE ;2 SPACES OUT SPACE PHA ;1 SPACE OUT LDA #$20 ;SPACE SPCP3 JSR OUTCHR PLA RTS OBCRLF JSR OUTBYT ;BYTE OUT, CRLF OUT CRLF PHA LDA #$0D JSR OUTCHR LDA #$0A ;LINE FEED JSR OUTCHR PLA RTS DELAY LDX TV ;DELAY DEPENDS ON TV DL1 JSR SAVER LDA #$FF STA SCR9 STA SCR8 DLY1 ASL SCR8 ;(SCR9,8)=FFFF-2**X ROL SCR9 DEX BNE DLY1 DLY2 JSR IJSCNV ;SCAN DISPLAY JSR INSTAT ;SEE IF KEY DOWN BCS DLY0 INC SCR8 ;SCAN 2**X+1 TIMES BNE *+5 INC SCR9 BNE DLY2 DLY0 JMP RESXF ; INSTAT - SEE IF KEY DOWN, RESULT IN CARRY ; KEYSTAT, TSTAT RETURN IMMEDIATELY W/STATUS ; INSTAT WAITS FOR RELEASE INSTAT JSR INJISV BCC INST2 INST1 JSR INJISV
0551 0552 0553 0554 0555 0556 0557 0558 0559 0560 0561 0562 0563 0564 0565 0566 0567 0568 0569 0570 0571 0572 0573 0574 0575 0576 0577 0578 0579 0580 0581 0582 0583 0584 0585 0586 0587 0588 0589 0590 0591 0592 0593 0594 0595 0596 0597 0598 0599 0600 0601 0602 0603 0604 0605 0606 0607 0608 0609 0610 0611 0612
838E 8390 8391 8392 8395 8395 8395 8395 8395 8395 8395 8395 8397 8399 839C 839E 83A1 83A4 83A7 83AA 83AC 83AF 83B2 83B4 83B7 83BA 83BD 83BF 83C1 83C2 83C3 83C6 83C8 83CA 83CB 83CD 83CF 83D2 83D5 83D5 83D8 83DB 83DE 83E1 83E4 83E6 83E9 83EB 83ED 83F0 83F2 83F3 83F5 83F7 83FA 83FD 8400 8401 8404 8405 8408 8409
B0 FB 38 60 6C 67 A6
C9 D0 20 A9 20 20 20 20 B0 8D 20 B0 8D AD 8D 90 D0 18 60 20 D0 A0 C8 C0 F0 20 B9 20 20 20 B9 20 B0 99 90 F0 20 F0 60 C9 D0 20 20 AE 9A AD 48 AD 48 AD
52 5A 4D 50 47 42 EE D6 13 34 D9 0B 59 34 5A 09 02
83 8A 83 82 81 A6 81 A6 A6 A6
CB 81 FA 00 06 CA 4D 83 99 8F 47 42 3F 5A D3 05 5A DF D4 CB D8 8A 83 83 A6 81 A6 81
47 20 4D 83 9C 8B 5B A6 5A A6 59 A6 5C A6
BCS INST1 SEC INST2 RTS INJISV JMP (INSVEC+1) ; ; ; *** EXECUTE BLOCKS BEGIN HERE ; BZPARM =* ; ZERO PARM COMMANDS ; REGZ CMP #'R' ;DISP REGISTERS BNE GOZ ;PC,S,F,A,X,Y RGBACK JSR CRLF LDA #'P' JSR OUTCHR JSR SPACE JSR OUTPC JSR COMINB BCS NH3 STA SCR4 JSR INBYTE BCS NH3 STA PCLR LDA SCR4 STA PCHR BCC M34 NH3 BNE NOTCR EXITRG CLC EXRGP1 RTS NOTCR JSR ADVCK BNE EXRGP1 M34 LDY #0 M35 INY CPY #6 BEQ RGBACK JSR CRLF LDA RGNAM-1,Y ;GET REG NAME ; OUTPUT 3 SPACES TO LINE UP DISPLAY JSR OUTCHR JSR SPACE JSR SPC2 LDA PCHR,Y JSR OBCMIN BCS M36 STA PCHR,Y BCC M35 M36 BEQ EXITRG JSR ADVCK BEQ M35 RTS GOZ CMP #'G' BNE LPZB JSR CRLF GO1ENT JSR NACCES ;WRITE PROT MONITOR RAM LDX SR ;RESTORE REGS TXS LDA PCHR PHA LDA PCLR NR10 PHA LDA FR
0613 0614 0615 0616 0617 0618 0619 0620 0621 0622 0623 0624 0625 0626 0627 0628 0629 0630 0631 0632 0633 0634 0635 0636 0637 0638 0639 0640 0641 0642 0643 0644 0645 0646 0647 0648 0649 0650 0651 0652 0653 0654 0655 0656 0657 0658 0659 0660 0661 0662 0663 0664 0665 0666 0667 0668 0669 0670 0671 0672 0673 0674
840C 840D 8410 8413 8416 8417 8419 841B 841E 8421 8424 8426 8429 842C 842F 8431 8433 8436 8438 843A 843D 843F 8440 8443 8446 8449 844B 844D 8450 8452 8454 8457 8459 845B 845D 845F 8461 8464 8466 8468 846A 846D 8470 8473 8475 8478 847A 847D 847F 8482 8484 8487 8489 848B 848E 8491 8493 8495 8497 849A 849C 849F
48 AC AE AD 40 C9 F0 4C 20 20 A9 8D 20 20 C9 D0 20 B0 D0 AD F0 38 4C 8D 20 B0 85 20 B0 85 20 B0 A0 91 D1 F0 AD 29 C9 F0 EE 20 CE D0 20 B0 CD D0 20 B0 CD F0 D0 20 AD 29 C9 F0 AD 69 8D D0
5F A6 5E A6 5D A6 11 03 A7 88 4D 00 52 2E 1B 3B F9 A1 56 09 52 01 B8 3D A1 43 FF A1 D7 FE A1 35 00 FE FE 0C 52 0F 0F 03 52 B2 3D DF D9 14 37 0C D9 0A 36 A0 03 D9 52 F0 F0 92 52 10 52 88
84 81 83 A6 83 8A 84 A6 81 A6 84 84 84
A6
A6 82 A6 81 A6 81 A6 81 A6
A6 A6
PHA LDY LDX LDA RTI LPZB CMP BEQ JMP JSR JSR LDA STA LPZ JSR LP1 JSR CMP BNE JSR BCS BNE LDA BEQ SEC JMP NUREC STA JSR BCS STA JSR BCS STA MORED JSR BCS LDY STA CMP BEQ LDA AND CMP BEQ INC LPGD JSR DEC BNE JSR BCS CMP BNE JSR BCS CMP BEQ BNE BADDY JSR TAPERR LDA AND CMP BEQ LDA ADC STA BNE
YR XR AR #$11 *+5 DEPZ SAVER CRLF #0 ERCNT ZERCK INCHR #$3B LP1 LDBYTE TAPERR NUREC ERCNT *+3 RESXAF SCRD LDBYTE TAPERR $FF LDBYTE LPZ $FE LDBYTE TAPERR #0 ($FE),Y ($FE),Y LPGD ERCNT #$0F #$0F *+5 ERCNT INCCMP SCRD MORED INBYTE TAPERR SCR7 BADDY INBYTE TAPERR SCR6 LPZ TAPERR INBYTE ERCNT #$F0 #$F0 LPZ ERCNT #$10 ERCNT LPZ ;LOAD PAPER TAPE
;SEMI COLON
;ERRORS ?
;(ALWAYS)
0675 0676 0677 0678 0679 0680 0681 0682 0683 0684 0685 0686 0687 0688 0689 0690 0691 0692 0693 0694 0695 0696 0697 0698 0699 0700 0701 0702 0703 0704 0705 0706 0707 0708 0709 0710 0711 0712 0713 0714 0715 0716 0717 0718 0719 0720 0721 0722 0723 0724 0725 0726 0727 0728 0729 0730 0731 0732 0733 0734 0735 0736
84A1 84A4 84A7 84A9 84AB 84AE 84B0 84B2 84B5 84B7 84B9 84BB 84BE 84C0 84C3 84C6 84C8 84CA 84CC 84CF 84D1 84D3 84D5 84D7 84DA 84DA 84DA 84DA 84DA 84DC 84DE 84E1 84E4 84E6 84E8 84EB 84EE 84F0 84F2 84F4 84F6 84F9 84FC 84FD 84FF 8501 8503 8505 8507 8509 850C 850E 850F 8510 8512 8514 8517 851A 851D 851F 8521 8524
20 4C C9 D0 4C C9 D0 4C C9 D0 A5 8D A5 8D 4C C9 D0 A0 4C C9 D0 A0 D0 6C
D9 DD 44 03 E1 4D 03 17 56 0D FE 4A FF 4B 9A 12 05 00 78 13 04 80 F5 6D
81 82 84 85
A6 A6 85
8C
A6
C9 D0 20 20 A0 A2 20 20 B0 91 D1 F0 20 20 CA D0 F0 F0 C9 D0 70 20 10 18 60 C9 D0 20 20 20 A0 B1 20 B0
44 32 A7 16 00 08 42 D9 11 FE FE 03 20 B2
82 83 83 81
83 82
E9 E0 0B 20 4C F0 42 83 EB 4D 65 A7 16 3A 00 FE D3 11
82 83 83 81
LDBYTE JSR INBYTE JMP CHKSAD DEPZ CMP #'D' ;DEPOSIT, 0 PARM - USE (OLD) BNE MEMZ JMP NEWLN MEMZ CMP #'M' ;MEM, 0 PARM - USE (OLD) BNE VERZ JMP NEWLOC VERZ CMP #'V' ;VERIFY, 0 PARM - USE (OLD) BNE L1ZB ; ... DO 8 BYTES (LIKE VER 1 PARM) LDA $FE STA P3L LDA $FF STA P3H JMP VER1+4 L1ZB CMP #$12 ;LOAD KIM, ZERO PARM BNE L2ZB LDY #0 ;MODE = KIM L1J JMP LENTRY ;GO TO CASSETTE ROUTINE L2ZB CMP #$13 ;LOAD HS, ZERO PARM BNE EZPARM LDY #$80 ;MODE - HS BNE L1J ;(ALWAYS) EZPARM JMP (URCVEC+1) ;ELSE UNREC COMMAND B1PARM =* ; ; 1 PARAMETER COMMAND EXEC BLOCKS ; DEP1 CMP #'D' ;DEPOSIT, 1 PARM BNE MEM1 JSR P3SCR NEWLN JSR CRLFSZ LDY #0 LDX #8 DEPBYT JSR SPACE JSR INBYTE BCS NH41 STA ($FE),Y CMP ($FE),Y ;VERIFY BEQ DEPN JSR OUTQM ;TYPE "?" IF NG DEPN JSR INCCMP DEX BNE DEPBYT BEQ NEWLN NH41 BEQ DEPEC CMP #$20 ;SPACE = FWD BNE DEPES BVS DEPN JSR SPACE BPL DEPN DEPEC CLC RTS MEM1 CMP #'M' ;MEMORY, 1 PARM BNE GO1 JSR P3SCR NEWLOC JSR CRLFSZ JSR COMMA LDY #0 LDA ($FE),Y JSR OBCMIN BCS NH42
0737 0738 0739 0740 0741 0742 0743 0744 0745 0746 0747 0748 0749 0750 0751 0752 0753 0754 0755 0756 0757 0758 0759 0760 0761 0762 0763 0764 0765 0766 0767 0768 0769 0770 0771 0772 0773 0774 0775 0776 0777 0778 0779 0780 0781 0782 0783 0784 0785 0786 0787 0788 0789 0790 0791 0792 0793 0794 0795 0796 0797 0798
8526 8528 852A 852C 852E 8531 8534 8535 8537 8539 853B 853D 853F 8541 8543 8545 8547 8549 854B 854D 854F 8551 8553 8554 8555 8558 8559 855B 855D 855E 8560 8562 8564 8566 8567 8569 856B 856C 856E 8570 8572 8574 8575 8577 8578 8579 857B 857D 8580 8583 8585 8586 8588 8589 858B 858C 858F 8590 8593 8596 8598 859A
A0 91 D1 F0 20 20 18 90 F0 50 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 38 60 20 18 90 A5 18 69 85 90 E6 18 90 A5 38 E9 85 B0 C6 18 90 18 60 C9 D0 20 20 A2 9A A9 48 A9 48 AD 48 AD 4C C9 D0 AD
00 FE FE 03 20 83 B2 82 E0 3E 04 3C D8 20 EE 3E EA 2B 10 3C 06 2D 16 BE 82 BC FE 08 FE 02 FF AE FE 08 FE 02 FF A0 47 19 4D 83 9C 8B FF 7F FF 4B A6 4A A6 08 84 56 1A 4A A6
LDY STA CMP BEQ JSR NXTLOC JSR CLC BCC NH42 BEQ BVC CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ DEPES SEC RTS PRVLOC JSR CLC BCC LOCP8 LDA CLC ADC STA BCC INC M42 CLC BCC LOCM8 LDA SEC SBC STA BCS DEC M43 CLC BCC EXITM1 CLC RTS GO1 CMP BNE JSR JSR LDX TXS LDA PHA LDA PHA LDA PHA LDA JMP VER1 CMP BNE LDA
#$00 ($FE),Y ($FE),Y NXTLOC OUTQM INCCMP NEWLOC EXITM1 *+6 #'<' NEWLOC #$20 NXTLOC #'>' NXTLOC #'+' LOCP8 #'<' PRVLOC #'-' LOCM8 DECCMP NEWLOC $FE #$08 $FE M42 $FF NEWLOC $FE #$08 $FE M43 $FF NEWLOC #'G' VER1 CRLF NACCES #$FF #$7F #$FF P3H P3L NR10 #'V' JUMP1 P3L
;VERIFY MEM ;TYPE ? AND CONTINUE
;SPACE ?
;BACK ONE BYT ;GO FWD 8 BYTES
;GO BACKWD 8 BYTES
;GO, 1 PARM (RTRN ADDR ON STK) ; ... PARM IS ADDR TO GO TO ;WRITE PROT MONITR RAM ;PUSH RETURN ADDR
;VERIFY, 1 PARM (8 BYTES, CKSUM)
0799 0800 0801 0802 0803 0804 0805 0806 0807 0808 0809 0810 0811 0812 0813 0814 0815 0816 0817 0818 0819 0820 0821 0822 0823 0824 0825 0826 0827 0828 0829 0830 0831 0832 0833 0834 0835 0836 0837 0838 0839 0840 0841 0842 0843 0844 0845 0846 0847 0848 0849 0850 0851 0852 0853 0854 0855 0856 0857 0858 0859 0860
859D 85A0 85A1 85A3 85A6 85A9 85AC 85AE 85B1 85B4 85B6 85B8 85BB 85BD 85BF 85C2 85C3 85C4 85C6 85C7 85C9 85CA 85CC 85CD 85D0 85D1 85D4 85D7 85D9 85DB 85DD 85E0 85E2 85E4 85E5 85E6 85E9 85EC 85EF 85F1 85F3 85F5 85F7 85F9 85FB 85FE 8600 8602 8603 8606 8607 8608 860A 860C 860F 8611 8614 8615 8616 8619 8619 8619
8D 18 69 8D AD 8D 69 8D 4C C9 D0 AD C9 B0 20 0A A8 A2 9A A9 48 A9 48 B9 48 B9 4C C9 D0 A0 AD C9 D0 38 60 20 20 4C C9 D0 A0 D0 C9 D0 AD 29 C9 2A 4E 2A 0A 29 49 8D A9 8D 18 60 4C
4C A6 07 4A 4B 4D 00 4B 40 4A 1F 4A 08 26 9C FF 7F FF 21 A6 20 A6 08 84 12 14 00 4A A6 FF 02 08 08 78 13 04 80 E6 57 1B 4A 11 08 82 82 8C A6 A6 A6 A6 86 A6 8B
A6
4B A6 0F 0F 01 AC 0F 03 AC 27 88
STA P2L CLC ADC #$07 STA P3L LDA P3H STA P2H ADC #0 STA P3H JMP VER2+4 JUMP1 CMP #'J' ;JUMP (JUMP TABLE IN SYS RAM) BNE L11B LDA P3L CMP #8 ;0-7 ONLY VALID BCS JUM2 JSR NACCES ;WRITE PROT SYS RAM ASL A TAY LDX #$FF ;INIT STK PTR TXS LDA #$7F ;PUSH COLD RETURN PHA LDA #$FF PHA LDA JTABLE+1,Y ;GET ADDR FROM TABLE PHA ;PUSH ON STACK LDA JTABLE,Y JMP NR10 ;LOAD UP USER REG'S AND RTI L11B CMP #$12 ;LOAD KIM FMT, 1 PARM BNE L21B LDY #0 ;MODE = KIM L11C LDA P3L CMP #$FF ;ID MUST NOT BE FF BNE *+4 SEC JUM2 RTS JSR PSHOVE ;FIX PARM POSITION L11D JSR PSHOVE JMP LENTRY L21B CMP #$13 ;LOAD TAPE, HS FMT, 1 PARM BNE WPR1B LDY #$80 ;MODE = HS BNE L11C WPR1B CMP #'W' ;WRITE PROT USER RAM BNE E1PARM LDA P3L ; FIRST DIG IS 1K ABOVE 0, AND #$11 ; SECOND IS 2K ABOVE 0 CMP #8 ; THIRD IS 3K ABOVE 0. ROL A LSR P3H ROL A ASL A AND #$0F EOR #$0F ;0 IS PROTECT STA OR3A LDA #$0F STA DDR3A CLC RTS E1PARM JMP CALC3 B2PARM =* ; ; 2 PARAMETER EXEC BLOCKS
0861 0862 0863 0864 0865 0866 0867 0868 0869 0870 0871 0872 0873 0874 0875 0876 0877 0878 0879 0880 0881 0882 0883 0884 0885 0886 0887 0888 0889 0890 0891 0892 0893 0894 0895 0896 0897 0898 0899 0900 0901 0902 0903 0904 0905 0906 0907 0908 0909 0910 0911 0912 0913 0914 0915 0916 0917 0918 0919 0920 0921 0922
8619 8619 861B 861D 8620 8623 8625 8627 8628 862B 862D 862E 862F 8631 8633 8636 8639 863C 863E 8640 8643 8646 8649 864B 864E 8650 8652 8655 8658 865B 865D 865F 8661 8662 8664 8667 866A 866C 866D 866E 8671 8673 8675 8676 8678 867B 867E 8681 8684 8687 8688 868A 868C 868F 8691 8693 8695 8698 869A 869C 869D 86A0
C9 D0 20 AD A0 91 88 AD 91 18 60 C9 D0 AD 8D 4C C9 D0 20 20 20 A2 20 A0 B1 20 20 20 70 F0 B0 CA D0 20 20 90 18 60 20 E0 F0 E8 10 20 20 20 AE 20 60 C9 D0 AD C9 D0 A0 4C C9 D0 18 20 20
10 12 A7 82 4D A6 01 FE 4C A6 FE 4D 09 4C 4E 08 56 48 9C 2E 16 08 42 00 FE DD FA B2 11 02 0D
; STD2
MEM2 A6 A6 88 82 83 83 83 82 82 82
VER2
VADDR V2
E7 25 83 86 83 DA BE 82 08 03 F6 25 4D 42 37 F4 83 83 83 A6 82 L12B V1
12 0C 4C A6 FF F4 00 E9 85 1C 75 88 81 9C 82
SP2B
CMP BNE JSR LDA LDY STA DEY LDA STA CLC RTS CMP BNE LDA STA JMP CMP BNE JSR JSR JSR LDX JSR LDY LDA JSR JSR JSR BVS BEQ BCS DEX BNE JSR JSR BCC CLC RTS JSR CPX BEQ INX BPL JSR JSR JSR LDX JSR RTS CMP BNE LDA CMP BNE LDY JMP CMP BNE CLC JSR JSR
#$10 MEM2 P3SCR P2H #1 ($FE),Y P2L ($FE),Y #'M' VER2 P2L P1L MEM3C #'V' L12B P2SCR ZERCK CRLFSZ #8 SPACE #0 ($FE),Y CHKSAD OUTBYT INCCMP V1 *+4 V1 V2 OCMCK INSTAT VADDR DECCMP #8 *+5 V1 OCMCK CRLF SPACE SCR7 OUTXAH #$12 SP2B P2L #$FF L12B-1 #0 L11D #$1C E2PARM SAVER P2SCR
;STORE DOUBLE BYTE
;CONTINUE MEM SEARCH W/OLD PTR
;VERIFY MEM W/CHKSUMS , 2 PARM
;LOAD KIM FMT TAPE, 2 PARMS ;ID MUST BE FF ;ERR ;MODE = HS ;SAVE PAPER TAPE, 2 PARMS
0923 0924 0925 0926 0927 0928 0929 0930 0931 0932 0933 0934 0935 0936 0937 0938 0939 0940 0941 0942 0943 0944 0945 0946 0947 0948 0949 0950 0951 0952 0953 0954 0955 0956 0957 0958 0959 0960 0961 0962 0963 0964 0965 0966 0967 0968 0969 0970 0971 0972 0973 0974 0975 0976 0977 0978 0979 0980 0981 0982 0983 0984
86A3 86A6 86A8 86AB 86AE 86B1 86B3 86B6 86B8 86BA 86BD 86BF 86C2 86C5 86C8 86CA 86CD 86CF 86D2 86D4 86D6 86D9 86DC 86DE 86E1 86E3 86E6 86E8 86EB 86EE 86F1 86F2 86F4 86F7 86FA 86FD 8700 8701 8703 8704 8707 8709 870B 870C 870E 870F 8710 8711 8714 8714 8714 8714 8714 8716 8718 871B 871D 8720 8723 8725 8727 8729
20 B0 4C 20 CD 90 AD B0 69 8D A9 20 AD 20 A5 20 A5 20 A0 B1 20 20 B0 20 70 CE D0 AE AD 20 18 90 20 4C 20 AD 38 E5 48 AD E5 F0 68 A9 60 68 60 4C
FA 03 C4 4D 58 05 58 02 01 3D 3B 47 3D F4 FF F4 FE F4 00 FE F4 86 CA B2 C5 3D EA 37 36 F4 AF DD FA 2E 4A FE
86 81 83 A6 A6 A6 8A A6 86 86 86
SP2C SPEXIT SP2D
SP2E SP2F
MORED2 86 83 82 A6 A6 A6 82 82 82 83 A6 SVBYTE DIFFZ DIFFL
4B A6 FF 04 FF DIFF1 27 88
C9 D0 20 A9 8D AD A0 91 D1 F0
46 21 9C 82 00 52 A6 4E A6 00 FE FE 03
E2PARM CALC3 ;MAY BE CALC OR EXEC B3PARM ; ; 3 PARAMETER COMMAND EXECUTE BLOCKS ; FILL3 CMP #'F' ;FILL MEM BNE BLK3 JSR P2SCR LDA #0 STA ERCNT ;ZERO ERROR COUNT LDA P1L F1 LDY #0 STA ($FE),Y CMP ($FE),Y ;VERIFY BEQ F3
JSR BCS JMP JSR CMP BCC LDA BCS ADC STA LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDY LDA JSR JSR BCS JSR BVS DEC BNE LDX LDA JSR CLC BCC JSR JMP JSR LDA SEC SBC PHA LDA SBC BEQ PLA LDA RTS PLA RTS JMP =*
DIFFZ SP2D RESALL CRLF MAXRC SP2E MAXRC SP2F #1 RC #$3B OUTCHR RC SVBYTE $FF SVBYTE $FE SVBYTE #$00 ($FE),Y SVBYTE INSTAT SPEXIT INCCMP SPEXIT RC MORED2 SCR7 SCR6 OUTXAH SP2C CHKSAD OUTBYT ZERCK P3L $FE P3H $FF DIFF1 #$FF
;SEMI COLON
;STOP IF KEY DEPRESSED
0985 0986 0987 0988 0989 0990 0991 0992 0993 0994 0995 0996 0997 0998 0999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046
872B 872E 8731 8733 8735 8737 8739 873B 873D 8740 8742 8745 8748 874B 874D 8750 8752 8754 8756 8758 875A 875C 875E 8761 8763 8765 8767 876A 876C 876E 8770 8772 8774 8775 8778 877A 877C 877F 8781 8782 8784 8786 8788 878A 878C 878E 8791 8794 8797 879A 879D 87A0 87A2 87A4 87A6 87A8 87AB 87AD 87AF 87B2 87B3 87B5
20 20 70 F0 90 B0 C9 F0 4C A9 8D 20 AD 85 AD 85 C5 D0 A5 C5 F0 B0 20 E6 D0 E6 20 70 F0 90 B0 A5 18 6D 85 A5 6D 85 38 A5 E5 85 A5 E5 85 20 AD 8D AD 8D 20 A5 D0 C6 C6 20 70 B0 AD 38 D0 18
C1 B2 7C EE EC 76 42 03 CD 00 52 9C 4E FC 4F FD FF 06 FC FE 53 14 B7 FC 02 FD B2 43 F0 EE 3D FC
87 82
F3
F2 BLK3 87 A6 82 A6 A6
87
BLP
82
B2
4A A6 FC FD 4B A6 FD FC FE FC FD FF FD A7 4C 4A 4D 4B B7 FC 02 FD FC BE 02 EE 52 01
82 A6 A6 A6 A6 87
BLP1
82 A6 B1
JSR JSR BVS BEQ BCC BCS CMP BEQ JMP LDA STA JSR LDA STA LDA STA CMP BNE LDA CMP BEQ BCS JSR INC BNE INC JSR BVS BEQ BCC BCS LDA CLC ADC STA LDA ADC STA SEC LDA SBC STA LDA SBC STA JSR LDA STA LDA STA JSR LDA BNE DEC DEC JSR BVS BCS LDA SEC BNE CLC
BRTT INCCMP B1 F1 F1 B1 #'B' *+5 S13B #0 ERCNT P2SCR P1L $FC P1H $FD $FF *+8 $FC $FE B1 B2 BMOVE $FC *+4 $FD INCCMP B1 BLP BLP B1 $FC P3L $FC $FD P3H $FD $FC $FE $FC $FD $FF $FD P3SCR P2L P3L P2H P3H BMOVE $FC *+4 $FD $FC DECCMP B1 BLP1 ERCNT *+3
;INC ERCNT (UP TO FF)
;(ALWAYS) ;BLOCK MOVE (OVERLAP OKAY)
;WHICH DIRECTION TO MOVE?
;16 BITS EQUAL THEN FINISHED ;MOVE DEC'NG ;MOVE INC'NG
;CALC VALS FOR MOVE DEC'NG
;MOVE DEC'NG
;FINISHED, TEST ERCNT
1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108
87B6 87B7 87B9 87BB 87BD 87BF 87C1 87C4 87C6 87C8 87C9 87CC 87CD 87CF 87D1 87D3 87D6 87D8 87D9 87DA 87DC 87DE 87DF 87E0 87E3 87E6 87E8 87EA 87EC 87EE 87F0 87F2 87F5 87F7 87F9 87FC 87FE 8801 8803 8805 8808 880B 880D 880F 8811 8814 8816 8818 881A 881B 881C 881F 8821 8823 8825 8826 8827 8829 882B 882E 8831 8832
60 A0 B1 91 D1 F0 AC C0 F0 C8 8C 60 C9 D0 A0 AD D0 38 60 C9 D0 38 60 20 4C C9 D0 A0 D0 C9 D0 AD C9 D0 20 A0 4C C9 D0 20 AD A0 D1 F0 20 70 F0 90 18 60 20 90 C9 F0 38 60 C9 D0 20 20 18 AD
00 FE FC FC 0B 52 A6 FF 04 52 A6 1D 15 00 4E A6 02 FF 02 93 87 1E 04 80 E5 13 0F 4E FF E5 93 80 78 4D 22 9C 4E 00 FE 0B B2 04 F0 EE 82 8E
A6 82 8C 82 A6
82
17 85 05 47 EC 43 26 4D 83 42 83 4E A6
RTS LDY LDA STA CMP BEQ BRTT LDY CPY BEQ INY STY BRT RTS S13B CMP BNE LDY S13C LDA BNE SEC RTS CMP BNE S1NG SEC RTS JSR JMP S23B CMP BNE LDY BNE L23P CMP BNE LDA CMP BNE JSR LDY JMP MEM3 CMP BNE JSR MEM3C LDA LDY CMP BEQ MEM3D JSR BVS BEQ BCC MEM3EX CLC RTS MEM3E JSR BCC CMP BEQ SEC MEM3F RTS CALC3 CMP BNE C1 JSR JSR CLC LDA BMOVE
#0 ($FE),Y ($FC),Y ($FC),Y BRT ERCNT #$FF *+6 ERCNT #$1D S23B #$0 P1L *+4 #$FF *+4 INCP3 SENTRY #$1E L23P #$80 S13C #$13 MEM3 P1L #$FF S1NG INCP3 #$80 LENTRY #'M' CALC3 P2SCR P1L #0 ($FE),Y MEM3E INCCMP MEM3EX MEM3C MEM3C NEWLOC MEM3F #'G' MEM3D #'C' EXE3 CRLF SPACE P1L
;MOVE 1 BYT + VER
;INC ERCNT, DONT PASS FF
;SAVE KIM FMT TAPE, 3 PARMS ;MODE = KIM ;ID MUST NOT = 0 ;ID MUST NOT = FF
;USE END ADDR + 1 ;SAVE HS FMT TAPE, 3 PARMS ;MODE = HS ;(ALWAYS) ;LOAD HS, 3 PARMS ;ID MUST BE FF ;ERROR RETURN ;USE END ADDR + 1 ;MODE = HS ;MEM 3 SEARCH - BYTE
;FOUND SEARCH BYTE? ;NO, INC BUFFER ADDR
;SEARCHED TO BOUND ;FOUND SEARCH BYTE ;ENTERED G?
;CALCULATE, 1, 2 OR 3 PARMS ;RESULT = P1+P2+P3
1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170
8835 8838 8839 883C 883F 8840 8841 8842 8845 8846 8847 884A 884B 884C 884F 8850 8851 8853 8855 8855 8858 8858 885B 885D 8860 8863 8866 8869 886C 886F 8872 8875 8877 887A 887C 887D 887E 8881 8883 8885 8887 8889 888B 888D 8890 8892 8895 8896 8899 889C 889F 88A2 88A5 88A6 88A9 88AC 88AF 88AF 88AF 88AF 88B2 88B5
6D A8 AD 6D AA 38 98 ED A8 8A ED AA 98 20 18 60 C9 D0
4C A6 4F A6 4D A6
4A A6 4B A6 F4 82 45 57
AD 62 A6 CD F0 8D AD 8D AD 8D AD 8D AD 85 AD 85 18 60 20 A0 B1 F0 E6 D0 E6 2C 10 20 18 4C AD 8D AD 8D 18 20 4C 6C 73 15 3B 61 3A 72 61 73 62 4B FB 4A FA A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6
88 81 00 FA 12 FA 02 FB 53 A6 03 47 8A B8 3A 61 3B 62 81 A6 A6 A6 A6
1B 8A B8 81 6D A6
20 88 81 20 CF 88 C9 FE
ADC P2L TAY LDA P1H ADC P2H TAX SEC TYA SBC P3L TAY TXA SBC P3H TAX TYA JSR OUTXAH CLC RTS EXE3 CMP #'E' ;EXECUTE FROM RAM, 1-3 PARMS BNE E3PARM ; SEE IF VECTOR ALREADY MOVED LDA INVEC+2 ;INVEC MOVED TO SCRA, SCRB ; HI BYTE OF EXEVEC MUST BE DIFFERENT FROM INVEC CMP EXEVEC+1 ;$FA, $FB USED AS RAM PTR BEQ PTRIN STA SCRA+1 ;SAVE INVEC IN SCRA,B LDA INVEC+1 STA SCRA LDA EXEVEC ;PUT ADDR OF RIN IN INVEC STA INVEC+1 LDA EXEVEC+1 STA INVEC+2 PTRIN LDA P3H ;INIT RAM PTR IN $FA, $FB STA $FB LDA P3L STA $FA CLC RTS RIN JSR SAVER ;GET INPUT FROM RAM LDY #$0 ;RAM PTR IN $FA, $FB LDA ($FA),Y BEQ RESTIV ;IF 00 BYTE, RESTORE INVEC INC $FA BNE *+4 INC $FB BIT TECHO ;ECHO CHARS IN ? BPL *+5 JSR OUTCHR CLC JMP RESXAF RESTIV LDA SCRA ;RESTORE INVEC STA INVEC+1 LDA SCRA+1 STA INVEC+2 CLC JSR INCHR JMP RESXAF E3PARM JMP (URCVEC+1) ;... ELSE UNREC CMD ; *** ; *** HEX KEYBOARD I/O ; *** GETKEY JSR SAVER ;FIND KEY JSR GK CMP #$FE
1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232
88B7 88B9 88BC 88BD 88BE 88BF 88C0 88C1 88C4 88C7 88C8 88C9 88CC 88CF 88D1 88D4 88D7 88D9 88DC 88DE 88DF 88E0 88E1 88E4 88E7 88E9 88EC 88EF 88F1 88F2 88F3 88F4 88F6 88F8 88FA 88FD 88FF 8900 8903 8906 8908 890B 890D 890F 8912 8915 8918 891B 891D 891E 8920 8921 8923 8926 8929 892B 892C 892E 8931 8933 8936 8939
D0 20 8A 0A 0A 0A 0A 8D 20 8A 18 6D 4C A9 8D 20 F0 20 F0 48 8A 48 20 20 D0 20 20 D0 68 AA 68 C9 D0 A9 8D D0 60 20 6C A9 20 A2 A0 BD 8C 8E 8D A0 88 D0 CA 10 20 AD 49 60 29 8D A9 20 AD 29
13 CF 88
3E A6 CF 88 3E B8 00 55 03 FB 2C F6 A6 81 A6 89 89
72 23 FB 9B 23 F3
89 89 89 89
FF 07 19 55 A6 D5 C1 70 09 A5 05 00 40 00 02 00 10 FD EA A3 89 00 A4 7F 3F 3F A6 05 A5 89 02 A4 07 89 A6 89 A6 A4 A4 A4
BNE JSR TXA ASL ASL ASL ASL STA JSR TXA CLC ADC EXITGK JMP GK LDA STA GK1 JSR BEQ JSR BEQ PHA TXA PHA JSR GK2 JSR BNE JSR JSR BNE PLA TAX PLA CMP BNE LDA STA BNE EXITG RTS HDOUT JSR IJSCNV JMP SCAND LDA JSR LDX SC1 LDY LDA STY STX STA LDY SC2 DEY BNE DEX BPL KEYQ JSR H8926 LDA EOR RTS LRNKEY AND STA LDA JSR LDA AND
EXITGK GK A A A A SCRE GK SCRE RESXAF #0 KSHFL IJSCNV GK1 LRNKEY GK1
;SCAN KB ;WHAT KEY IS IT?
BEEP KEYQ GK2 NOBEEP KEYQ GK2
;Z=1 IF KEY DOWN ;DELAY (DEBOUNCE) W/O BEEP
#$FF EXITG #$19 KSHFL GK1 OUTDSP (SCNVEC+1) #$9 CONFIG #5 #0 DISBUF,X PADA PBDA PADA #$10 SC2 SC1 KSCONF PADA #$7F #$3F SCRF #$05 CONFIG PBDA #$07
;IF SHIFT, SET FLAG + GET NEXT KEY
;CHAR OUT, SCAN KB ;SCAN DISPLAY FROM DISBUF
; KEY DOWN ? (YES THEN Z=1)
;DETERMINE WHAT KEY IS DOWN
1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294
893B 893D 893F 8942 8944 8946 8948 894A 894B 894C 894D 894E 894F 8950 8951 8954 8956 8959 895B 895C 895E 895F 8960 8961 8962 8965 8966 8969 896A 896D 896E 8970 8971 8972 8975 8977 897A 897C 897E 8981 8984 8986 8989 898C 898D 898F 8992 8995 8997 8998 899A 899B 899E 89A0 89A3 89A5 89A8 89AA 89AB 89AE 89B1 89B4
49 D0 2C 30 C9 90 A9 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 18 6D A2 DD F0 CA 10 E8 60 8A 18 6D AA BD 60 20 18 F0 38 60 20 A9 20 A2 A9 8D 20 A9 8D 20 CA D0 20 4C A0 88 D0 60 20 A9 4C A9 20 A0 AA BD 99 BD 99
07 05 00 A4 1A 04 02 03
LK1 LK2
3F A6 19 D6 8B 05 F8
LK3
NOKEY FOUND 55 A6 EF 8B 23 89 01 88 0D A5 70 08 02 95 06 02 95 81 89 A4 89 A4 89 BEEP BEEPP3 BEEPP5 BE1 KYSTAT
ED A3 89 C4 81 1A FD 88 81 01 77 89 01 88 81 01 C8 02 C6 00 8B A4 8B A4
BE2 BE3 NOBEEP KSCONF CONFIG CON1
EOR BNE BIT BMI CMP BCC LDA ASL ASL ASL ASL ASL ASL CLC ADC LDX CMP BEQ DEX BPL INX RTS TXA CLC ADC TAX LDA RTS JSR CLC BEQ SEC RTS JSR LDA JSR LDX LDA STA JSR LDA STA JSR DEX BNE JSR JMP LDY DEY BNE RTS JSR LDA JMP LDA JSR LDY TAX LDA STA LDA STA
#$07 LK1 PADA NOKEY #$04 LK2 #$03 A A A A A A SCRF #$19 SYM,X FOUND LK3
KSHFL ASCII,X KEYQ *+3 SAVER #$0D CONFIG #$70 #8 PBDA BE2 #6 PBDA BE2 BE1 KSCONF RESALL #$1A BE3 SAVER #$01 BEEPP5 #$1 SAVER #$01 VALSP2,X PBDA,Y VALS,X PADA,Y ;DELAY W/O BEEP ;(BNE BEEPP5, $FF) ;CONFIGURE FOR KEYBOARD ;CONFIGURE I/O FROM TABLE VAL ;DELAY (BOUNCE) W/BEEP ;DURATION CONSTANT ;KEY DOWN? RETURN IN CARRY
1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356
89B7 89B8 89B9 89BB 89BE 89C1 89C4 89C6 89C8 89CA 89CD 89D0 89D2 89D4 89D7 89D9 89DC 89DE 89E0 89E3 89E5 89E6 89E8 89EA 89ED 89EF 89F1 89F3 89F4 89F7 89FA 89FB 89FD 89FF 8A00 8A03 8A06 8A07 8A08 8A09 8A0B 8A0E 8A11 8A12 8A14 8A15 8A16 8A17 8A1A 8A1B 8A1B 8A1B 8A1B 8A1B 8A1E 8A21 8A23 8A25 8A27 8A29 8A2B 8A2D
CA 88 10 4C 20 20 29 C9 D0 4C 20 C9 D0 AD 09 8D D0 A2 DD F0 CA D0 F0 BD C9 F0 A2 48 BD 9D E8 E0 D0 68 8D 4C 48 8A 48 A2 BD 9D CA 10 68 AA 68 8D 60
F0 C4 AF 88 7F 07 03 75 06 2C 0A 45 80 45 25 3A EE 05
81 88 81
HKEY OUTDSP
89 8A A6 A6 8B
NBELL
OUD1 OUD2
F8 19 28 8C F0 12 00 41 A6 40 A6 05 F5 45 A6 C4 81
GETSGS
OUD3
EXITOD TEXT
1E 00 A6 01 A6 F7
TXTMOV
00 A6
20 20 29 C9 90 C9 B0 29 C9
88 81 41 8A 7F 61 06 7B 02 DF 0F
; ;*** ;*** TERMINAL I/O ;*** INCHR JSR SAVER JSR INJINV AND #$7F CMP #$61 BCC INRT1 CMP #$7B BCS INRT1 AND #$DF INRT1 CMP #$0F
DEX DEY BPL JMP JSR JSR AND CMP BNE JMP JSR CMP BNE LDA ORA STA BNE LDX CMP BEQ DEX BNE BEQ LDA CMP BEQ LDX PHA LDA STA INX CPX BNE PLA STA JMP PHA TXA PHA LDX LDA STA DEX BPL PLA TAX PLA STA RTS
CON1 RESALL GETKEY SAVER #$7F #$07 NBELL BEEPP3 TEXT #$2C OUD1 RDIG #$80 RDIG EXITOD #$3A ASCIM1,X GETSGS OUD2 EXITOD SEGSM1,X #$F0 EXITOD #0 DISBUF+1,X DISBUF,X #5 OUD3 RDIG RESALL
;GET KEY FROM KB AND ECHO ON KB ;DISPLAY OUT ;BELL? ;YES - BEEP ;PUSH INTO SCOPE BUFFER ;COMMA? ;TURN ON DECIMAL PT
;GET CORR SEG CODE FROM TABLE
;SHOVE DOWN DISPLAY BUFFER
;UPDATE SCOPE BUFFER ;SAVE X #$1E SCPBUF,X SCPBUF+1,X TXTMOV ;RESTORE X SCPBUF ;RESTORE CHR ;STORE CHR IN EMPTY SLOT ;PUSH DOWN 32 CHARS
;INPUT CHAR ;DROP PARITY ;ALPHA?
;CVRT TO UPPER CASE ;CTL O ?
1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418
8A2F 8A31 8A34 8A36 8A39 8A3A 8A3C 8A3E 8A41 8A44 8A47 8A4A 8A4D 8A4F 8A52 8A55 8A58 8A5B 8A5D 8A5F 8A62 8A65 8A66 8A68 8A6A 8A6D 8A70 8A73 8A74 8A76 8A79 8A7B 8A7E 8A81 8A83 8A84 8A86 8A87 8A89 8A8C 8A8D 8A8F 8A90 8A92 8A95 8A96 8A99 8A9B 8A9D 8AA0 8AA2 8AA5 8AA8 8AAA 8AAD 8AAF 8AB1 8AB3 8AB4 8AB7 8ABA 8ABC
D0 AD 49 8D 18 90 C9 4C 6C 20 20 2C 70 20 4C 6C 20 A9 85 AD 2D 38 E9 90 20 AD 2D 38 E9 2C 10 20 4C A0 88 D0 EA 66 20 48 B5 68 90 20 18 20 A5 49 4C 85 20 20 A9 8D A5 A2 49 38 20 20 A0 88
0B 53 A6 40 53 A6 E2 0D B8 61 09 88 53 03 55 C4 64 88 00 F9 02 54 INRT2 INJINV NBASOC OUTCHR
81 A6 83 81 A6 8A 81 A6 81 A4 A6
INJOUV INTCHR LOOK
40 F5 E9 8A 02 A4 54 A6 40 53 A6 06 D4 8A 87 8A 07 FD F9 E9 8A 00 D8 E9 8A D4 F9 FF B8 F9 88 E9 30 03 F9 0B FF 8A 81 81 8A A4
TIN
DMY1 TLP1 SAVE
TOUT
D4 8A E6 8A 06
OUTC PHAKE
BNE LDA EOR STA CLC BCC CMP JMP JMP JSR JSR BIT BVS JSR JMP JMP JSR LDA STA LDA AND SEC SBC BCC JSR LDA AND SEC SBC BIT BPL JSR JMP LDY DEY BNE NOP ROR JSR PHA LDA PLA BCC JSR CLC JSR LDA EOR JMP STA JSR JSR LDA STA LDA LDX EOR SEC JSR JSR LDY DEY
INRT2 TECHO #$40 TECHO INCHR+3 #$0D RESXAF (INVEC+1) NIBASC SAVER TECHO *+5 INJOUV RESALL (OUTVEC+1) SAVER #0 $F9 PBDA TOUTFL #$40 LOOK DLYH PBDA TOUTFL #$40 TECHO DMY1 OUT SAVE #7 TLP1 $F9 DLYH 0,X TIN DLYH OUT $F9 #$FF RESXAF $F9 SAVER DLYH #$30 PBDA+1 $F9 #$0B #$FF OUT DLYF #$06
;TOGGLE CTL O BIT ;GET GET ANOTHER CHAR ;CARRIAGE RETURN? ;NIBBLE TO ASCII, OUTCHR ;LOOK AT CTRL O FLAG
;IN TERMINAL CHAR ;FIND LEADING EDGE
;TERMINAL BIT
;OR BITS 7,7 (TTY,CRT) ;ECHO BIT?
;TIMING
;TERMINAL CHR OUT ;DELAY 1/2 BIT TIME ;SET FOR OUTPUT ;DATA DIRECTION ;RECOVER CHR DATA ;START BIT,8DATA, 3STOPS ;INVERT DATA ;START BIT ;OUTPUT BIT FROM CARRY ;WAIT FULL BIT TIME
1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480
8ABD 8ABF 8AC0 8AC1 8AC2 8AC4 8AC6 8AC8 8ACA 8ACC 8ACE 8AD1 8AD4 8AD5 8AD8 8ADA 8ADC 8ADE 8AE1 8AE4 8AE5 8AE6 8AE6 8AE9 8AEA 8AEB 8AEC 8AED 8AEE 8AF1 8AF3 8AF4 8AF6 8AF7 8AF9 8AFA 8AFB 8AFC 8AFD 8AFE 8AFF 8B01 8B02 8B05 8B06 8B08 8B0B 8B0D 8B10 8B12 8B15 8B18 8B1B 8B1D 8B20 8B23 8B24 8B25 8B27 8B28 8B2A 8B2B
D0 EA 4A CA D0 A5 C9 F0 C9 D0 20 4C 48 AD 29 90 09 2D 8D 68 60 20 08 48 8A 48 98 AE A0 88 D0 CA D0 A8 68 AA 68 28 60 A9 A8 AD 0A B0 20 90 20 B0 8C BD CD B0 BD 8D 60 E8 10 C8 A2 CA D0
FD
F0 F9 0D 04 0A 03 32 8B C4 81 02 A4 0F 02 30 54 A6 02 A4
E9 8A
51 A6 03 FD F8
00 02 A4 FA 27 FB 27 FB 51 63 51 07 69 51 EE 1C FD 8B 8B A6 8C A6 8C A6
BNE NOP LSR DEX BNE LDA CMP BEQ CMP BNE GOPAD JSR LEAVE JMP OUT PHA LDA AND BCC ORA OUTONE AND STA PLA RTS ; DLYF JSR DLYH PHP PHA TXA PHA TYA LDX DLYX LDY DLYY DEY BNE DEX BNE TAY PLA TAX PLA PLP RTS BAUD LDA TAY SEEK LDA ASL BCS CLEAR JSR BCC SET JSR BCS STY DEAF LDA CMP BCS LDA STA RTS AGAIN INX BPL INK INY LDX INK1 DEX BNE
PHAKE A OUTC $F9 #$0D GOPAD #$0A LEAVE PAD RESALL PBDA #$0F OUTONE #$30 TOUTFL PBDA
;CARRIAGE RETURN? ;YES-PAD IT ;PAD LINE FEED TOO
;TERMINAL BIT OUT
;MASK OUTPUT
DLYH
;DELAY FULL ;DELAY HALF
SDBYT #3 DLYY DLYX
#0 PBDA A SEEK INK CLEAR INK SET SDBYT DECPTS,X SDBYT AGAIN STDVAL,X SDBYT DEAF #$1C INK1
;DETERMINE BAUD RATE ON PB7
;LOAD CLOSEST STD VALUE
1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542
8B2D 8B30 8B31 8B32 8B35 8B38 8B39 8B3B 8B3C 8B3F 8B42 8B45 8B46 8B48 8B49 8B4A 8B4A 8B4A 8B4A 8B4A 8B4C 8B4D 8B4F 8B52 8B54 8B55 8B56 8B59 8B5B 8B5E 8B61 8B62 8B64 8B66 8B69 8B6C 8B6F 8B71 8B74 8B76 8B79 8B7C 8B7E 8B7F 8B80 8B83 8B86 8B89 8B8C 8B8E 8B91 8B94 8B96 8B99 8B9C 8B9F 8BA2 8BA4 8BA5 8BA7 8BAA 8BAC
AD 0A 60 AE 20 CA D0 60 20 AD 2D 38 E9 60 FF
02 A4 50 A6 E6 8A FA A3 89 02 A4 54 A6 40 TSTAT PAD PAD1
A2 9A A9 8D A9 48 28 20 A2 BD 9D CA 10 A9 20 20 20 D0 2C 10 20 20 A2 9A D8 20 4C 20 AD 09 8D AD 09 8D 4C 20 AD 29 18 90 20 A9 8D
FF CC 0C A0 04 86 8B 5F A0 8F 20 A6 F7 07 47 A3 26 0B 02 F6 B7 FF FF 86 03 88 01 01 01 03 01 03 C4 88 01 FE
8A 89 89 A4 8B 8A
8B 80 81 AC AC AC AC 81 81 AC
E7 86 8B D5 51 A6
$FF ; *** ; *** RESET - TURN OFF ; *** ; RESET LDX #$FF TXS LDA #$CC STA PCR1 LDA #4 PHA PLP JSR ACCESS DFTXFR LDX #$5F LDA DFTBLK,X STA RAM,X DEX BPL DFTXFR+2 NEWDEV LDA #7 JSR OUTCHR SWITCH JSR KSCONF SWLP JSR KEYQ+3 BNE MONENT BIT PBDA BPL SWLP JSR VECSW JSR BAUD MONENT LDX #$FF TXS CLD JSR ACCESS JMP WARM ACCESS JSR SAVER LDA OR3A ORA #1 ACC1 STA OR3A LDA DDR3A ORA #1 STA DDR3A JMP RESALL NACCES JSR SAVER LDA OR3A AND #$FE CLC BCC ACC1 TTY JSR ACCESS LDA #$D5 STA SDBYT
LDA ASL RTS LDX JSR DEX BNE RTS JSR LDA AND SEC SBC RTS .DB
PBDA A PADBIT DLYF PAD1 KSCONF PBDA TOUTFL #$40 ;NOT USED POR, INIT SYS RAM, ENTER MONITOR ;SEE IF BREAK KEY DOWN ;PAD CARRIAGE RETURN OR LF ;WITH EXTRA STOP BITS
;INIT STACK PTR ;DISABLE POR, TAPE OFF ;INIT F, DISABLE IRQ DURING DFTXFR ;UN WRITE PROT SYS RAM ;INIT SYS RAM (EXCPT SCPBUF)
;CHANGE DEVC/BAUD RATE ;BEEP ;KEYBOARD OR TERMINAL?
;SWITCH VECTORS ;MONITOR ENTRY ;UNWRITE PROT MONITOR RAM ;UN WRITE PROT SYS RAM
;WRITE PROT SYS RAM
;UN WRITE PROT RAM ;110 BAUD
1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604
8BAF 8BB2 8BB4 8BB7 8BBA 8BBC 8BBF 8BC2 8BC3 8BC5 8BC6 8BC6 8BC6 8BC6 8BC6 8BCA 8BCE 8BD2 8BD6 8BD6 8BD6 8BD6 8BD7 8BD8 8BD9 8BDA 8BDB 8BDC 8BDD 8BDE 8BDF 8BE0 8BE1 8BE2 8BE3 8BE4 8BE5 8BE6 8BE7 8BE8 8BE9 8BEA 8BEB 8BEC 8BED 8BEE 8BEF 8BEF 8BEF 8BF0 8BF1 8BF2 8BF3 8BF4 8BF5 8BF6 8BF7 8BF8 8BF9 8BFA 8BFB 8BFC
AD 09 8D 20 A2 BD 9D CA 10 60
54 40 54 86 08 6F 60 F7
A6 A6 8B 8C A6 VECSW SWLP2
LDA ORA STA JSR LDX LDA STA DEX BPL RTS
TOUTFL #$40 TOUTFL ACCESS #$8 TRMTBL,X INVEC,X SWLP2
;UN WRITE PROT RAM
00 00 00 00
80 7F FF 00
08 00 00 07
01 41 81 C1 02 42 82 C2 04 44 84 C4 08 48 88 C8 10 50 90 D0 20 60 A0 00 40 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44
; ;*** ;*** TABLES (I/O CONFIGURATIONS, KEY CODES, ASCII CODES) ;*** 37 VALS .DB $00,$80,$08,$37 ;KB SENSE, A=1 30 .DB $00,$7F,$00,$30 ;KB LRN, A=5 3F .DB $00,$FF,$00,$3F ;SCAN DSP, A=9 3F .DB $00,$00,$07,$3F ;BEEP, A=D VALSP2 =VALS+2 SYM =* ;KEY CODES RETURNED BY LRNKEY TABLE =* .DB $01 ;0/U0 .DB $41 ;1/U1 .DB $81 ;2/U2 .DB $C1 ;3/U3 .DB $02 ;4/U4 .DB $42 ;5/U5 .DB $82 ;6/U6 .DB $C2 ;7/U7 .DB $04 ;8/JMP .DB $44 ;9/VER .DB $84 ;A/ASCII .DB $C4 ;B/BLK MOV .DB $08 ;C/CALC .DB $48 ;D/DEP .DB $88 ;E/EXEC .DB $C8 ;F/FILL .DB $10 ;CR/SD .DB $50 ;-/+ .DB $90 ;>/< .DB $D0 ;SHIFT .DB $20 ;GO/LP .DB $60 ;REG/SP .DB $A0 ;MEM/WP .DB $00 ;L2/L1 .DB $40 ;S2/S1 ASCIM1 =*-1 ASCII =* ;ASCII CODES AND HASH CODES .DB $30 ;ZERO .DB $31 ;ONE .DB $32 ;TWO .DB $33 ;THREE .DB $34 ;FOUR .DB $35 ;FIVE .DB $36 ;SIX .DB $37 ;SEVEN .DB $38 ;EIGHT .DB $39 ;NINE .DB $41 ;A .DB $42 ;B .DB $43 ;C .DB $44 ;D
1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666
8BFD 8BFE 8BFF 8C00 8C01 8C02 8C03 8C04 8C05 8C06 8C07 8C08 8C08 8C09 8C0A 8C0B 8C0C 8C0D 8C0E 8C0F 8C10 8C11 8C12 8C13 8C14 8C15 8C16 8C17 8C18 8C19 8C1A 8C1B 8C1C 8C1D 8C1E 8C1F 8C20 8C21 8C22 8C23 8C24 8C25 8C26 8C27 8C28 8C29 8C29 8C29 8C2A 8C2B 8C2C 8C2D 8C2E 8C2F 8C30 8C31 8C32 8C33 8C34 8C35 8C36 8C37
45 46 0D 2D 3E FF 47 52 4D 13 1E 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 4A 56 FE 42 43 44 45 46 10 2B 3C 00 11 1C 57 12 1D 2E 20 3F 50 07 53 58 59 3F 06 5B 4F 66 6D 7D 07 7F 67 77 7C 39 5E 79
.DB $45 ;E .DB $46 ;F .DB $0D ;CR .DB $2D ;DASH .DB $3E ;> .DB $FF ;SHIFT .DB $47 ;G .DB $52 ;R .DB $4D ;M .DB $13 ;L2 .DB $1E ;S2 ; KB UPPER CASE .DB $14 ;U0 .DB $15 ;U1 .DB $16 ;U2 .DB $17 ;U3 .DB $18 ;U4 .DB $19 ;U5 .DB $1A ;U6 .DB $1B ;U7 .DB $4A ;J .DB $56 ;V .DB $FE ;ASCII .DB $42 ;B .DB $43 ;C .DB $44 ;D .DB $45 ;E .DB $46 ;F .DB $10 ;SD .DB $2B ;+ .DB $3C ;< .DB $00 ;SHIFT .DB $11 ;LP .DB $1C ;SP .DB $57 ;W .DB $12 ;L1 .DB $1D ;S1 .DB $2E ;. .DB $20 ;BLANK .DB $3F ;? .DB $50 ;P .DB $07 ;BELL .DB $53 ;S .DB $58 ;X .DB $59 ;Y ; SEGMENT CODES FOR ON-BOARD DISPLAY SEGSM1 =*-1 .DB $3F ;ZERO .DB $06 ;ONE .DB $5B ;TWO .DB $4F ;THREE .DB $66 ;FOUR .DB $6D ;FIVE .DB $7D ;SIX .DB $07 ;SEVEN .DB $7F ;EIGHT .DB $67 ;NINE .DB $77 ;A .DB $7C ;B .DB $39 ;C .DB $5E ;D .DB $79 ;E
1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728
8C38 8C39 8C3A 8C3B 8C3C 8C3D 8C3E 8C3F 8C40 8C41 8C42 8C43 8C44 8C45 8C46 8C47 8C48 8C49 8C4A 8C4B 8C4C 8C4D 8C4E 8C4F 8C50 8C51 8C52 8C53 8C54 8C55 8C56 8C57 8C58 8C59 8C5A 8C5B 8C5C 8C5D 8C5E 8C5F 8C60 8C61 8C62 8C63 8C69 8C69 8C6F 8C6F 8C6F 8C72 8C75 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78
71 F0 40 70 00 6F 50 54 38 6D 01 08 09 30 36 5C 63 03 1E 72 77 7C 39 5E 79 71 6D 76 46 00 38 6D 1C 38 6D 80 00 53 73 49 6D 64 6E 973D1F100800DECPTS
.DB $71 ;F .DB $F0 ;CR .DB $40 ;DASH .DB $70 ;> .DB $00 ;SHIFT .DB $6F ;G .DB $50 ;R .DB $54 ;M .DB $38 ;L2 .DB $6D ;S2 .DB $01 ;U0 .DB $08 ;U1 .DB $09 ;U2 .DB $30 ;U3 .DB $36 ;U4 .DB $5C ;U5 .DB $63 ;U6 .DB $03 ;U7 .DB $1E ;J .DB $72 ;V .DB $77 ;A .DB $7C ;B .DB $39 ;C .DB $5E ;D .DB $79 ;E .DB $71 ;F .DB $6D ;SD .DB $76 ;+ .DB $46 ;< .DB $00 ;SHIFT .DB $38 ;LP .DB $6D ;SP .DB $1C ;W .DB $38 ;L1 .DB $6D ;S1 .DB $80 ;. .DB $00 ;SPACE .DB $53 ;? .DB $73 ;P .DB $49 ;BELL .DB $6D ;S .DB $64 ;X .DB $6E ;Y .DB $97,$3D,$1F,$10,$08,$00 ; TO DETERMINE BAUD RATE .MSFIRST D54C24100601STDVAL .DW $D54C,$2410,$0601 ;STD VALS FOR BAUD RATES .LSFIRST ; 110,300,600,1200,2400,4800 BAUD 4C 58 8A TRMTBL JMP INTCHR 4C A0 8A JMP TOUT 4C 3C 8B JMP TSTAT ; ;****** VERSION 2 4/13/79 "SY1.1" ;****** COPYRIGHT 1978 SYNERTEK SYSTEMS CORPORATION ;****** BDRY =$F8 ;0/1 BDRY FOR READ TIMING OLD =$F9 ;HOLD PREV INPUT LEVEL IN GETTR CHAR =$FC ;CHAR ASSY AND DISASSY MODE =$FD ;BIT7=1 IS HS, 0 IS KIM ;... BIT6=1 - IGNORE DATA BUFADL =$FE ;RUNNING BUFFER ADR
1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790
8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 8C78 A64A A64A A64B A64C A64D A64E A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F A64F 8C78 8C78 8C7B 8C7E 8C81 8C83 8C85 8C87 8C89 8C8B 8C8B 8C8D
BUFADH =$FF ;TAPDEL =$A630 ;KMBDRY =$A631 ;HSBDRY =$A632 ;TAPET1 =$A635 ;TAPET2 =$A63C ;SCR6 =$A636 ;SCR7 =$8637 ;SCR8 =$A638 ;SCR9 =$A639 EAL EAH SAL SAH ID EOT SYN TPBIT FRAME CHECK LSTCHR NONHEX ;ACCESS ;P2SCR ;ZERCK ;CONFIG *=$A64A .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 = $04 = $16 =%1000 =$FF =$CC =$2F =$FF =$8BB6 =$829C =$832E =$89A5
;HI SPEED TAPE DELAY ;KIM READ BDRY ;HS READ BDRY ;HS FIRST 1/2 BIT ;HS SECOND 1/2 BIT ;SCR6 ;SCR7 ;SCR8 ;SCR9 ;P3L ;P3H ;P2L ;P2H ;P1L - END ADDR +1 (LO) - (HI) - START ADDR (LO) - (HI) - ID
;BIT 3 IS ENABLE/DISABLE TO DECODER ;ERROR MSG # FOR FRAME ERROR ;ERROR # FOR CHECKSUM ERROR ;LAST CHAR NOT '/' ;NON HEX CHAR IN KIM REC ;UNRITE PROTECT SYSTEM RAM ;MOVE P2 TO $FF,$FE IN PAGE ZERO ;MOVE ZERO TO CHECK SUM ;CONFIGURE I/O
; I/O - TAPE ON/OFF IS CB2 ON VIA 1 (A000) ; TAPE IN IS PB6 ON VIA 1 (A000) ; TAPE OUT IS CODE 7 TO DISPLAY DECODER, THRU 6532, ; PB0-PB3 (A400) VIAACR VIAPCR TPOUT TAPOUT DDROUT TAPIN DDRIN TIMER TIM8 DDRDIG DIG =$A00B =$A00C =$A402 =TPOUT =$A403 =$A000 =$A002 =$A406 =$A415 =$A401 =$A400 ;CONTROL CB2 TAPE ON/OFF, POR
;6532 TIMER READ ;6532 TIMER SET (8US)
; LOADT ENTER W/ID IN PARM 2, MODE IN [Y] 20 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 F0 A9 8D 52 8D E1 8D 2A 06 16 F2 F3 *=$8C78 LOADT JSR START LOADT2 JSR SYNC LOADT4 JSR RDCHTX CMP #'*' BEQ LOAD11 CMP #SYN BNE LOADT2 BEQ LOADT4 LOAD11 ASL MODE ROR A ;INITIALIZE ;GET IN SYNC ;START OF DATA? ;NO - SYN? ;IF NOT, RESTART SYNC SEARCH ;IF YES, KEEP LOOKING FOR * ;GET MODE IN A, CLEAR BIT6
06 FD 6A
1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852
8C8E 8C90 8C93 8C96 8C99 8C9B 8C9E 8CA0 8CA2 8CA4 8CA6 8CA6 8CA8 8CAA 8CAD 8CAD 8CAD 8CAD 8CAD 8CB0 8CB3 8CB5 8CB7 8CBA 8CBD 8CC0 8CC0 8CC0 8CC0 8CC2 8CC4 8CC4 8CC7 8CC9 8CCC 8CCE 8CCE 8CD0 8CD2 8CD5 8CD8 8CDB 8CDE 8CDE 8CDE 8CDE 8CE1 8CE3 8CE6 8CE8 8CEA 8CED 8CEF 8CF2 8CF4 8CF6 8CF8 8CFA 8CFC 8CFE 8D00 8D03
85 20 8D CD F0 AD C9 F0 C9 F0
FD 26 00 4E 29 4E 00 22 FF 07
8E A4 A6 A6
STA JSR STA CMP BEQ LDA CMP BEQ CMP BEQ
MODE RDBYTX DIG ID LOADT5 ID #0 LOADT5 #$FF LOADT6
;READ ID ;DISPLAY ;COMPARE ;LOAD IF ;COMPARE
BYTE ON TAPE ON LED (NOT DECODED) WITH REQUESTED ID EQUAL WITH 0
;IF 0, LOAD ANYWAY ;COMPARE WITH FF ;IF FF, USE REQUEST SA TO LOAD ;UNWANTED RECORD, KIM OR HS? ;IF KIM, RESTART SEARCH
24 FD 30 16 4C 7B 8C
BIT MODE BMI HWRONG JMP LOADT2
20 20 24 10 20 20 4C
74 74 FD 52 74 74 DE
8E 8E 8E 8E 8C
; SA (&EA IF USED) COME FROM REQUEST. DISCARD TAPE VALUES ; (BUFAD ALREADY SET TO SA BY 'START') ; LOADT6 JSR RDCHK ;GET SAL FROM TAPE JSR RDCHK ;GET SAH FROM TAPE BIT MODE ;HS OR KIM? BPL LOADT7 ;IF KIM, START READING DATA JSR RDCHK ;HS, GET EAH, EAL FROM TAPE JSR RDCHK ; ... BUT IGNORE JMP LT7H ;START READING HS DATA ; SA ( & EA IF USED) COME FROM TAPE. SA REPLACES BUFAD
A9 C0 85 FD 20 85 20 85 24 10 20 8D 20 8D 74 8E FE 74 8E FF FD 37 74 4A 74 4B
HWRONG LDA #$C0 STA MODE
;READ THRU TO GE TO NEXT REC ;BUT DON'T CHECK CKSUM, NO FRAME ERR
8E A6 8E A6
LOADT5 JSR RDCHK ;GET SAL FROM TAPE STA BUFADL ;PUT IN BUF START L JSR RDCHK ;SAME FOR SAH STA BUFADH ;(SAL - H STILL HAVE REQUEST VALUE) BIT MODE ;HS OR KIM? BPL LOADT7 ;IF KIM, START READING RECORD JSR RDCHK ;HS. GET & SAVE EAL,EAH STA EAL JSR RDCHK STA EAH ; READ HS DATA
20 A6 EC D0 A6 EC F0 20 24 70 A0 91 E6 D0 E6 4C
E5 FE 4A 07 FF 4B 14 77 FD 04 00 FE FE E0 FF DE
8D A6 A6 8E
LT7H
LT7HA
LT7HC 8C
JSR LDX CPX BNE LDX CPX BEQ JSR BIT BVS LDY STA INC BNE INC JMP
RDBYTH BUFADL EAL LT7HA BUFADH EAH LT7HB CHKT MODE LT7HC #0 (BUFADL),Y BUFADL LT7H BUFADH LT7H
;GET NEXT BYTE ;CHECK FOR END OF DATA + 1
;NOT END, UPDATE CHECKSUM ;WRONG RECORD? ;IF SO, DONT STORE BYTE ;STORE BYTE ;BUMP BUFFER ADDR ;CARRY
1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
8D03 8D05 8D07 8D09 8D09 8D09 8D09 8D0C 8D0E 8D11 8D13 8D15 8D17 8D19 8D1B 8D1E 8D1E 8D1E 8D1E 8D1E 8D21 8D24 8D26 8D29 8D2C 8D2E 8D30 8D30 8D32 8D34 8D34 8D36 8D38 8D38 8D3A 8D3C 8D3C 8D3E 8D3E 8D3F 8D41 8D41 8D42 8D42 8D44 8D46 8D48 8D4B 8D4B 8D4C 8D4D 8D4E 8D50 8D52 8D55 8D57 8D5A 8D5C 8D5F 8D62 8D64 8D66
C9 2F D0 29 F0 15
LT7HB
CMP #'/' BNE LCERR BEQ LT8A
;EA, MUST BE "/" ;LAST CHAR NOT '/' ;(ALWAYS)
; READ KIM DATA 20 B0 20 A0 91 E6 D0 E6 4C 2A 8E 26 77 8E 00 FE FE F0 FF 09 8D LOADT7 JSR BCS JSR LDY STA INC BNE INC JMP RDBYT LDT7A CHKT #0 (BUFADL),Y BUFADL LOADT7 BUFADH LOADT7 ;NONHEX OR LAST CHAR ;UPDATE CHECKSUM (PACKED BYTE) ;STORE BYTE ;BUMP BUFFER ADR ;CARRY?
; TEST CHECKSUM & FINISH 20 CD D0 20 CD D0 F0 26 36 16 26 37 0E 11 8E A6 8E A6 LOADT8 =* LT8A JSR CMP BNE JSR CMP BNE BEQ LCERR LDT7A FRERR NHERR CKERR RDBYTX SCR6 CKERR RDBYTX SCR7 CKERR OKEXIT ;CHECK SUM
;CHECK SUM ERROR ;(ALWAYS) ;LAST CHAR IS NOT '/' ;(ALWAYS) ;LAST OR NONHEX? ;LAST ;FRAMING ERROR ;KIM ONLY, NON HEX CHAR READ ;(ALWAYS) ;CHECKSUM ERROR ;ERROR INDICATOR TO MONITOR IS CARRY ;(ALWAYS) ;NO ERROR
A9 2F D0 0A C9 2F F0 E6 A9 FF D0 02 A9 CC 38 B0 01 18 24 50 A0 4C 68 68 38 A2 D0 AD 29 8D A9 8D AD 24 10 AD FD 08 80 78 8C
LDA #LSTCHR BNE NGEXIT CMP #'/' BEQ LOADT8 LDA #NONHEX BNE NGEXIT LDA #CHECK
NGEXIT SEC BCS EXIT OKEXIT CLC EXIT BIT BVC LDY JMP MODE EX10 #$80 LOADT
;READING WRONG REC? ;RESTART SEARCH ;USER REQUESTS EXIT
CC 69 02 BF 02 00 0B 31 FD 03 32
A0 A0 A0 A6 A6
USRREQ PLA PLA SEC EX10 LDX BNE SYNC LDA AND STA LDA STA LDA BIT BPL LDA
#$CC STCC DDRIN #$BF DDRIN #0 VIAACR KMBDRY MODE SY100 HSBDRY
;STOP TAPE, RETURN ;CHANGE DATA DIRECTION
;SET UP BOUNDARY
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
8D69 8D6B 8D6D 8D70 8D72 8D74 8D76 8D78 8D7B 8D7E 8D80 8D83 8D85 8D87 8D89 8D8B 8D8D 8D90 8D92 8D94 8D95 8D97 8D9A 8D9B 8D9E 8D9F 8D9F 8D9F 8D9F 8DA1 8DA3 8DA6 8DA8 8DA9 8DA9 8DAB 8DAE 8DB0 8DB3 8DB6 8DB9 8DBB 8DBE 8DBF 8DBF 8DBF 8DBF 8DBF 8DC1 8DC3 8DC6 8DC8 8DCA 8DCA 8DCC 8DCF 8DD1 8DD3 8DD5 8DD7 8DDA 8DDD
85 A9 8D A5 09 85 A9 8D 2C 10 20 66 A5 C9 D0 A2 20 C9 D0 CA D0 8E CA 8E 60
F8 6D 00 FD 40 FD 7F 01 00 CB 9F FC FC 16 EB 0A E1 16 E2
SY100 A4
A4 A4 8D
8D
F6 00 A4 01 A4
STA BDRY LDA #$6D STA DIG ;INDICATE NO SYNC ON LEDS LDA MODE ;TURN ON OUT OF SYNC MODE ORA #$40 ;BIT6 STA MODE SYNC5 LDA #$7F ;TEST FOR CR DOWN ON HKB STA DDRDIG BIT DIG BPL USRREQ ;CR KEY DOWN - EXIT (ERRORS) JSR SYNBIT ROR CHAR LDA CHAR CMP #SYN BNE SYNC5 SYNC10 LDX #10 ;NOW MAKE SURE CAN GET 10 SYNS JSR RDCHTX CMP #SYN BNE SYNC5 DEX BNE SYNC10+2 STX DIG ;TURN OFF DISPLAY DEX ;X=$FF STX DDRDIG RTS ;SYNBIT - GET BIT IN SYN SEARCH. IF HS, ENTER WITH ; TIMER STARTED BY PREV BIT, BIT RETURNED IN CARRY. SYNBIT BIT BPL JSR BCS RTS START STY JSR LDA JSR JSR JSR LDX STX RTS MODE RDBITK GETTR GETTR MODE ACCESS #9 CONFIG ZERCK P2SCR #$EC VIAPCR ;KIM OR HS? ;KIM ;HS ;IF SHORT, GET NEXT TRANS ;BIT IS ZERO ;MODE PARM PASSED IN [Y] ;FIX BASIC WARM START BUG ;PARTIAL I/O CONFIGURATION ;ZERO THE CHECK SUM ;MOVE SA TO FE,FF IN PAGE ZERO ;TAPE ON
24 10 20 B0 60 84 20 A9 20 20 20 A2 8E 60
FD 69 CA 8D 22 FD 86 09 A5 2E 9C EC 0C
8B 89 83 82 A0
STCC
; GETTR - GET TRANSITION TIME FROM 6532 CLOCK ; DESTROYS A,Y A9 85 AD 29 D0 A0 AD 29 C5 F0 85 AD 8C 18 00 F9 00 A0 40 F9 FF 00 A0 40 F9 F7 F9 06 A4 15 A4 KGETTR LDA STA KG100 LDA AND BNE GETTR NOTR LDY LDA AND CMP BEQ STA LDA STY CLC #0 OLD TAPIN #$40 KG100 #$FF TAPIN #$40 OLD NOTR OLD TIMER TIM8 ;KIM GETTR - GET FULL CYCLE ;FORCE GETTR POLARITY ;WAIT TIL INPUT LO
;NO CHANGE ;RESTART CLOCK
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038
8DDE 8DE0 8DE1 8DE1 8DE3 8DE5 8DE5 8DE5 8DE5 8DE5 8DE5 8DE5 8DE8 8DEA 8DED 8DEF 8DF2 8DF4 8DF7 8DF8 8DFA 8DFB 8DFD 8DFF 8E02 8E03 8E05 8E07 8E08 8E09 8E0C 8E0C 8E0C 8E0C 8E0F 8E11 8E14 8E16 8E18 8E19 8E1C 8E1E 8E21 8E23 8E25 8E26 8E26 8E28 8E2A 8E2A 8E2D 8E2F 8E31 8E34 8E36 8E37 8E3A 8E3C 8E3C 8E3C 8E3C 8E3C
65 F8 60 24 FD 10 7A
ADC BDRY RTS RDCHTX BIT MODE BPL RDCHT ;READ HS OR KIM CHARACTER ;KIM
; RDBYTH - READ HS BYTE ; Y DESTROYED, BYTE RETURNED IN CHAR AND A ; TIME FROM ONE CALL TO NEXT MUST BE LESS THAN ; START BIT TIME (TIMER STILL RUNNING) 8E A2 20 B0 20 90 20 38 66 CA D0 A5 AE 60 24 70 68 68 4C 38 08 CA 14 CA 04 CA FC F2 FC 38 A6 FD F8 38 8D A6 8D 8D 8D RDBYTH STX LDX JSR BCS RDBH10 JSR BCC JSR SEC RDASSY ROR DEX BNE LDA H8DFF LDX RTS RDBH90 BIT BVS PLA PLA JMP SCR8 #8 GETTR RDBH90 GETTR RDASSY GETTR CHAR RDBH10 CHAR SCR8 MODE RDBH90-4 FRERR ;SAVE X ;GET START BIT TIME ;IF NOT 0, FRAMING ERR ;GET BIT IN CARRY ;BIT IS ONE, WAIT HALF CYC ;MAKE SURE "1"
;GET IN ACC ;RESTORE X ;NO ERR IF NOT IN SYNC ;OR READING WRONG REC ;FIX STACK
; RDBITK - READ KIM BIT - X,Y,A DESTROYED, BIT RETURNED IN C 20 B0 20 B0 A2 E8 20 90 20 90 E0 60 BF 8D FB BF 8D F6 00 BF 8D FA BF 8D F5 08 RDBITK JSR BCS JSR BCS LDX RDB100 INX JSR BCC JSR BCC CPX RTS KGETTR RDBITK KGETTR RDBITK #0 KGETTR RDB100 KGETTR RDB100 #$08 ;WAIT FOR LF ;GET SECOND ;COUNT LF FULL CYCLES ;GET SECOND ;GET BIT TO CARRY ;READ HS OR KIM BYTE ;HS ;READ KIM BYTE INTO CHAR AND A ;READ ONE CHAR IF LAST ;SET CARRY AND RETURN ;NON HEX CHAR? ;SAVE MSD
24 FD 30 BB 20 C9 F0 20 B0 AA 20 86 5F 8E 2F 2C 3C 8E 26 5F 8E FC
RDBYTX BIT MODE BMI RDBYTH RDBYT JSR CMP BEQ JSR BCS TAX JSR STX ; AND FALL RDCHT #'/' PACKT3 PACKT RDRTN
RDCHT CHAR ;MOVE MSD TO CHAR INTO PACKT AGAIN
;PACKT - ASCII HEX TO 4 BITS ;INPUT IN A, OUTPUT IN CHAR AND A, CARRY SET = NON HEX
2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100
8E3C 8E3E 8E40 8E42 8E44 8E46 8E48 8E4A 8E4B 8E4D 8E4E 8E4F 8E50 8E51 8E53 8E54 8E56 8E57 8E59 8E5B 8E5C 8E5D 8E5E 8E5F 8E5F 8E5F 8E5F 8E5F 8E5F 8E60 8E61 8E63 8E64 8E67 8E69 8E6A 8E6B 8E6D 8E6E 8E6F 8E71 8E72 8E73 8E74 8E74 8E74 8E74 8E77 8E77 8E77 8E77 8E77 8E78 8E79 8E7C 8E7F 8E81 8E84 8E85 8E86 8E86 8E87
C9 90 C9 B0 C9 F0 90 18 69 2A 2A 2A 2A A0 2A 26 88 D0 A5 18 60 38 60
30 1D 47 19 40 15 03 09
PACKT
04 FC FA FC
CMP BCC CMP BCS CMP BEQ BCC CLC ADC PACKT1 ROL ROL ROL ROL LDY RACKT2 ROL ROL DEY BNE LDA CLC RDRTN RTS PACKT3 SEC RTS
#$30 PACKT3 #$47 PACKT3 #$40 PACKT3 PACKT1 #9 A A A A #4 A CHAR RACKT2 CHAR
;LT "0"? ;GT "F" ? ;A-F? ;40 NOT VALID
;GET LSD INTO LEFT NIBBLE
;ROTATE 1 BIT AT A TIME INTO CHAR
;GET INTO ACCUM ALSO ;OK ;NOT HEX
; RDCHT - READ KIM CHAR ; PRESERVES X, RETURNS CHAR IN CHAR (W/PARITY) ; AND A (W/O PARITY) 8A 48 A9 48 20 66 68 0A D0 68 AA A5 2A 4A 60 RDCHT FF 0C 8E FC F6 FC KBITS TXA PHA LDA PHA JSR ROR PLA ASL BNE PLA TAX LDA ROL LSR RTS ;SAVE X #$FF RDBITK CHAR A KBITS CHAR A A ;DO 8 BITS ;RESTORE X ;USE A TO COUNT BITS (BY SHIFTING) ;SAVE COUNTER
;DROP PARITY
; RDCHK - READ ONE BYT, INCLUDE IN CKSUM 20 26 8E RDCHK JSR RDBYTX ;FALL INTO CHKT
; CHKT - UPDATE CHECK SUM FROM BYTE IN A ; DESTROYS Y A8 18 6D 8D 90 EE 98 60 FF CHKT 36 A6 36 A6 03 37 A6 TAY CLC ADC STA BCC INC CHKT10 TYA RTS ;SAVE ACCUM SCR6 SCR6 CHKT10 SCR7
;BUMP HI BYTE ;RESTORE A ;NOT USED ;KEEP OLD ENTRY POINT
.DB $FF *=$8E87
2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162
8E87 8E8A 8E8C 8E8F 8E91 8E93 8E95 8E98 8E99 8E9A 8E9C 8E9F 8EA0 8EA2 8EA3 8EA4 8EA5 8EA7 8EA9 8EAC 8EAC 8EAF 8EB2 8EB2 8EB5 8EB8 8EBB 8EBE 8EBE 8EBE 8EC0 8EC2 8EC2 8EC5 8EC8 8ECB 8ECE 8ECE 8ED0 8ED3 8ED5 8ED7 8EDA 8EDC 8EDC 8EDE 8EE1 8EE4 8EE7 8EEA 8EED 8EED 8EEF 8EF2 8EF4 8EF7 8EF7 8EF7 8EFA 8EFA 8EFC 8EFE
20 A9 8D A2 A4 10 AE 8A 48 A9 20 88 D0 68 AA CA D0 A9 20
A9 8D 07 02 A4 01 FD 03 30 A6 16 0A 8F F8
DUMPT
F1 2A 0A 8F
JSR LDA STA LDX LDY BPL LDX DUMPT1 TXA PHA DMPT1A LDA JSR DEY BNE PLA TAX DEX BNE LDA JSR
START #7 TAPOUT #1 MODE DUMPT1 TAPDEL #SYN OUTCTX DMPT1A
;INIT VIA & CKSUM, SA TO BUFAD & START ;CODE FOR TAPE OUT ;BIT 3 USED FOR HI/LO ;KIM DELAY CONSTANT (OUTER) ;128 KIM, 0 HS ;KIM - DO 128 SYNS ;HS INITIAL DELAY (OUTER)
;INNER LOOP (HS OR KIM)
DUMPT1 #'*' OUTCTX
;WRITE START ;WRITE ID ;WRITE SA
AD 4E A6 20 3F 8F AD 20 AD 20 4C 3C 4D 3C A6 8F A6 8F ;
LDA ID JSR OUTBTX LDA JSR LDA JSR SAL OUTBCX SAH OUTBCX
24 FD 10 0C AD 20 AD 20 A5 CD D0 A5 CD D0 A9 20 AD 20 AD 20 A9 20 A9 20 4A 3C 4B 3C A6 8F A6 8F
BIT MODE BPL DUMPT2 LDA JSR LDA JSR EAL OUTBCX EAH OUTBCX BUFADL EAL DUMPT4 BUFADH EAH DUMPT4 #'/' OUTCTX SCR6 OUTBTX SCR7 OUTBTX #EOT OUTBTX #EOT OUTBTX
;KIM OR HS ;HS, WRITE EA
FE 4A A6 25 FF 4B A6 1E 2F 0A 36 3F 37 3F 8F A6 8F A6 8F
DUMPT2 LDA CMP BNE LDA CMP BNE LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR DT3E
;CHECK FOR LAST BYTE
;LAST, WRITE "/" ;WRITE CHECK SUM
04 3F 8F 04 3F 8F
;WRITE TWO EOT'S
4C 41 8D A0 00 B1 FE 20 3C 8F
=* JMP OKEXIT
;(SET "OK" MARK) ;GET BYTE ;WRITE IT W/CHK SUM
DUMPT4 LDY #0 LDA (BUFADL),Y JSR OUTBCX
2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224
8F01 8F03 8F05 8F07 8F0A 8F0C 8F0E 8F0E 8F0E 8F0E 8F0E 8F10 8F13 8F15 8F18 8F1A 8F1C 8F1F 8F1F 8F22 8F23 8F25 8F27 8F29 8F2C 8F2C 8F2F 8F30 8F32 8F33 8F35 8F38 8F39 8F3A 8F3C 8F3C 8F3F 8F41 8F43 8F43 8F43 8F43 8F43 8F44 8F45 8F46 8F47 8F48 8F4B 8F4B 8F4B 8F4D 8F4F 8F50 8F52 8F54 8F56 8F56 8F56 8F56 8F56 8F56
E6 D0 E6 4C 24 10
FE C9 FF CE 8E FD 48
INC BNE INC JMP OUTCTX BIT BPL
BUFADL DUMPT2 BUFADH DUMPT2 MODE OUTCHT
;BUMP BUFFER ADDR ;CARRY ;HS OR KIM? ;KIM
A2 8C 85 AD 46 49 8D AC 88 D0 90 49 8D AC 88 D0 CA D0 AC 60 EA 90
09 39 A6 FC 02 A4 FC 08 02 A4 35 A6 FD 12 08 02 A4 3C A6 FD E3 39 A6 F0
20 77 8E 24 FD 30 CB
; OUTBTH - NO CLOCK ; A,X DESTROYED ; MUST RESIDE ON ONE PAGE - TIMING CRITICAL OUTBTH LDX #9 ;8 BITS + START BIT STY SCR9 STA CHAR LDA TAPOUT ;GET PREV LEVEL GETBIT LSR CHAR EOR #TPBIT STA TAPOUT ;INVERT LEVEL ; *** HERE STARTS FIRST HALF CYCLE LDY TAPET1 A416 DEY ;TIME FOR THIS LOOP IS 5Y-1 BNE A416 BCC NOFLIP ;NOFLIP IF BIT ZERO EOR #TPBIT ;BIT IS ONE - INVERT OUTPUT STA TAPOUT ; *** END OF FIRST HALF CYCLE B416 LDY TAPET2 B416B DEY ;LENGTH OF LOOP IS 5Y-1 BNE B416B DEX BNE GETBIT ;GET NEXT BIT (LAST IS 0 START BIT) LDY SCR9 ; (BY 9 BIT LSR) RTS NOFLIP NOP ;TIMING BCC B416 ;(ALWAYS) ; OUTBCX JSR CHKT ;WRITE HS OR KIM BYTE & CKSUM OUTBTX BIT MODE ;WRITE HS OR KIM BYTE BMI OUTBTH ;HS ;OUTBTC - OUTPUT ONE KIM BYTE
A8 4A 4A 4A 4A 20 4B 8F 29 C9 18 30 69 69 0F 0A 02 07 30
OUTBTC =* OUTBT TAY LSR A LSR A LSR A LSR A JSR HEXOUT ; FALL INTO HEXOUT HEXOUT AND CMP CLC BMI ADC HEX1 ADC ; ; ; ; #$0F #$0A HEX1 #$07 #$30
;SAVE DATA BYTE
;MORE SIG DIGIT ;CVT LSD OF [A] TO ASCII, OUTPUT
OUTCHT - OUTPUT ASCII CHAR (KIM) CLOCK NOT USED X,Y PRESERVED MUST RESIDE ON ONE PAGE - TIMING CRITICAL
2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286
8F56 8F59 8F5C 8F5E 8F60 8F61 8F64 8F66 8F68 8F6A 8F6C 8F6E 8F70 8F73 8F74 8F76 8F77 8F79 8F7B 8F7D 8F7F 8F81 8F83 8F86 8F87 8F89 8F8A 8F8C 8F8D 8F8E 8F90 8F93 8F96 8F97 8F98 8F98 8F9A 8F9A 8F9A 8F9A 8F9B 8F9C 8F9D 8F9E 8F9F 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA0 8FA2 8FA4 8FA6 8FA8 8FAA 8FAC 8FAE 8FB0 8FB1
8E 8C 85 A9 48 AD 46 A2 B0 A2 A0 49 8D 88 D0 CA D0 A2 B0 A2 A0 49 8D 88 D0 CA D0 68 0A D0 AE AC 98 60
38 A6 39 A6 FC FF 02 A4 FC 12 02 24 19 08 02 A4 FD F3 18 02 0C 27 08 02 A4 FD F3 D0 38 A6 39 A6
OUTCHT STX STY STA LDA KIMBIT PHA LDA LSR LDX BCS LDX HF LDY EOR STA HFP1 DEY BNE DEX BNE LDX BCS LDX LF20 LDY EOR STA LFP1 DEY BNE DEX BNE PLA ASL BNE LDX LDY TYA RTS
SCR8 SCR9 CHAR #$FF TPOUT CHAR #18 HF #36 #25 #TPBIT TPOUT HFP1 HF #24 LF20 #12 #39 #TPBIT TPOUT LFP1 LF20 A KIMBIT SCR8 SCR9
;PRESERVE X ;DITTO Y ;USE FF W/SHIFTS TO COUNT BITS ;SAVE BIT CTR ;GET CURRENT OUTPUT LEVEL ;GET DATA BIT IN CARRY ;ASSUME 'ONE' ;BIT IS ZERO ;INVERT OUTPUT ;PAUSE FOR 138 USEC ;COUNT HALF CYCS OF HF ;ASSUME BIT IS ONE ;BIT IS ZERO ;INVERT OUTPUT ;PAUSE FOR 208 USEC ;COUNT HALF CYCS ;RESTORE BIT CTR ;DECREMENT IT ;FF SHIFTED 8X = 0 ;RESTORE DATA BYTE ;NOT USED
FF FF
.DB $FF,$FF ; REGISTER NAME PATCH *=$8F9A .DB "S" .DB "F" .DB "A" .DB 'X' .DB "Y" .DB $01 ; ; ;*** ;*** DEFAULT TABLE ;*** *=$8FA0 DFTBLK =* .DW $C000 .DW TTY .DW NEWDEV .DW $0000 .DW $0200 .DW $0300 .DW $C800 .DW $D000 .DB $04 .DB $2C
53 46 41 58 59 01
00 A7 64 00 00 00 00 00 04 2C
C0 8B 8B 00 02 03 C8 D0
;BASIC
*** JUMP TABLE
;PAGE ZERO
;TAPE DELAY (9.0 SEC) ;KIM TAPE BOUNDARY
2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332
8FB2 8FB3 8FB5 8FB6 8FB8 8FBC 8FBD 8FC0 8FC6 8FC9 8FCA 8FD0 8FD1 8FD2 8FD3 8FD4 8FD5 8FD6 8FD7 8FD8 8FD9 8FDB 8FDC 8FDD 8FDE 8FDF 8FE0 8FE0 8FE3 8FE6 8FE9 8FEC 8FEF 8FF2 8FF4 8FF6 8FF8 8FFA 8FFC 8FFE 9000 9000 9000 9000 9000 9000
46 00 00 33 00 00 00 00 00 00 5A 00 00 00 00006D6E8606 00 00 00 00 000000000000 01 4C 00 80 B0 00 00 00 10 4A 8B FF 00 00 00 00 4C 4C 4C 4C 4C 4C 7E C0 4A 29 9B 4A 0F BE 00 6A D1 D1 06 88 80 80 80 80 8B 80 89 89 89 81 81 89
.DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DW .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB .DW .DB .DB .DB .DB .DB ;VECTORS JMP JMP JMP JMP JMP JMP .DW .DW .DW .DW .DW .DW .DW
$46 ;HS TAPE BOUNDARY $00,$00 ;SCR3,SCR4 $33 ;HS TAPE FIRST 1/2 BIT $00,$00 ;SCR6,SCR7 $00,$00,$00,$00 ;SCR8-SCRB $5A ;HS TAPE SECOND 1/2 BIT $00,$00,$00 ;SCRD-SCRF $00,$00,$6D,$6E,$86,$06 ;DISP BUFFER (SY1.1) $00,$00,$00 ;NOT USED $00 ;PARNR $0000,$0000,$0000 ;PARMS $01 ;PADBIT $4C ;SDBYT $00 ;ERCNT $80 ;TECHO $B0 ;TOUTFL $00 ;KSHFL $00 ;TV $00 ;LSTCOM $10 ;MAXRC RESET ;USER REG'S $FF ;STACK $00 ;FLAGS $00 ;A $00 ;X $00 ;Y HKEY HDOUT KYSTAT M1 M1 SCAND RIN TRCOFF SVBRK SVIRQ SVNMI RESET IRQBRK ;INVEC ;OUTVEC ;INSVEC ;UNRECOGNIZED SYNTAX (ERROR) ;UNRECOGNIZED COMMAND (ERROR) ;SCNVEC ;IN PTR FOR EXEC FROM RAM ;USER TRACE VECTOR ;BRK ;USER IRQ ;NMI ;RESET ;IRQ
LENTRY =$8C78 SENTRY =$8C78+$20F RGNAM =$8F9A .END
;REGISTER NAME PATCH
tasm: Number of errors = 0
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- AIM Computer -- AIM Monitor listing +-----------------------------------------------------------------------0001 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 0008 0009 0010 0011 0012 0013 0014 0015 0016 0017 0018 0019 0020 0021 0022 0023 0024 0025 0026 0027 0028 0029 0030 0031 0032 0033 0034 0035 0036 0037 0038 0039 0040 0041 0042 0043 0044 0045 0046 0047 0048 0049 0050 0051 0052 0053 0054 0055 0056 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 A000 A000 A001 A002 A003 A004 A005 A006 A007 A008 A009 A00A A00B A00C A00D A00E A00F A010 A010 A010 A010 A010 A010 A010 A010 00DF 00DF 00E1 00E3 ;TELEMARK CROSS ASSEMBLER (TASM) http://www.halcyon.com/squakvly/ ;*************************************************** ;*************************************************** ;** ** ;** PL-PA00-JOO1A ** ;** ** ;** ROCKWELL R6500 MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM ** ;** ** ;** AIM 65 MONITOR ** ;** ** ;** PROGRAM LISTING ** ;** ** ;** REVISION A AUG 22, 1978 ** ;** ** ;*************************************************** ;*************************************************** ;ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL ;MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES ;3310 MIRALOMA AVENUE ;P. O. BOX 3669 ;ANAHEIM CA U.S.A. 92803 ; ; ; UDRB UDRAH UDDRB UDDRA UT1L UT1CH UT1LL UT1LH UT2L UT2H USR UACR UPCR UIFR UIER UDRA ************************************** * USER 6522 ADDRESSES (A000-A00F) * ************************************** *=$A000 .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REG B .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REG A .BLOCK 1 ;DATA DIR REG B .BLOCK 1 ;DATA DIR REG A .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 COUNTER LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 COUNTER HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 LATCH LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 LATCH HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 2 LATCH & COUNTER LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 2 COUNTER HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;SHIFT REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;AUX CONTROL REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;PERIPHERAL CONTROL REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;INTERRUPT FLAG REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REGISTER A ;ASSEMBLER ENTRY ;BASIC ENTRY (COLD) ;BASIC ENTRY (WARM)
ASSEM =$D000 BASIEN =$B000 BASIRE =$B003
; MONITOR RAM ;TEXT EDITOR EQUATES (PAG 0) ;OVERLAPS TABUF2+50 (TAPE OUTPUT BUFFER $AD-$FF) *=$00DF NOWLN .BLOCK 2 ;CURRENT LINE BOTLN .BLOCK 2 ;LAST ACTIVE , SO FAR TEXT .BLOCK 2 ;LIMITS OF BUFFER (START)
0057 0058 0059 0060 0061 0062 0063 0064 0065 0066 0067 0068 0069 0070 0071 0072 0073 0074 0075 0076 0077 0078 0079 0080 0081 0082 0083 0084 0085 0086 0087 0088 0089 0090 0091 0092 0093 0094 0095 0096 0097 0098 0099 0100 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 0106 0107 0108 0109 0110 0111 0112 0113 0114 0115 0116 0117 0118
00E5 00E7 00E9 00EA 00EB 00FF 0100 0100 0100 0108 010A 010C 010C 010C 010F 0112 0115 0115 0116 0116 0117 0118 0126 0126 0126 012E 0130 0130 0130 0133 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 0147 A400 A400 A400 A400 A402 A404 A406 A406 A406 A408 A409 A40A A40A A40B A40E A40F A410 A411 A412 A413 A414 A415
END SAVE OLDLEN LENGTH STRING
.BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK
2 2 1 1 20
;LIMITS OF BUFFER (END) ;USED BY REPLACE ;ORIG LENGTH ;NEW LENGTH ;FIND STRING
*=$0100 ;BREAKPOINTS AND USER I/O HANDLERS BKS .BLOCK 8 ;BRK LOCATIONS UIN .BLOCK 2 ;USER INPUT HANDLER (VECTOR) UOUT .BLOCK 2 ;USER OUTPUT HANDLER (VECTOR) ;UNUSED KEYS TO GO TO USER ROUTINE KEYF1 .BLOCK 3 ;USER PUTS A JMP INSTRUCTION TO... KEYF2 .BLOCK 3 ;GO TO HIS ROUTINE ON EITHER KEY.. KEYF3 .BLOCK 3 ;ENTRY ;EQUATES FOR DISASSEMBLER (PAG 1) *=$0116 ;SAME AS TAPE BUFFER I/O (TABUFF) FORMA .BLOCK 1 LMNEM .BLOCK 1 RMNEM .BLOCK 14 ;EQUATES FOR MNEMONIC ENTRY MOVAD .BLOCK 8 TYPE .BLOCK 2 TMASK1 =MOVAD TMASK2 =MOVAD+1 CH .BLOCK 3 ADFLD .BLOCK 20 HISTM =$A42E ;SHARE WITH NAME & HIST BYTESM =HISTM+1 TEMPX =HISTM+3 TEMPA =HISTM+5 OPCODE =HISTM+6 CODFLG =HISTM+9 ; ; ; ********************************** * 6532 ADDRESSES (A400-A7FF) * ********************************** *=$A400 MONRAM *=* ;JUMP VECTORS IRQV4 .BLOCK 2 ;IRQ AFTER MONITOR (NO BRK) NMIV2 .BLOCK 2 ;NMI IRQV2 .BLOCK 2 ;IRQ ;I/O DEVICES DILINK .BLOCK 2 TSPEED .BLOCK 1 GAP .BLOCK 1 ;END OF USER ALTERABLE NPUL .BLOCK 1 TIMG .BLOCK 3 REGF .BLOCK 1 DISFLG .BLOCK 1 BKFLG .BLOCK 1 PRIFLG .BLOCK 1 INFLG .BLOCK 1 OUTFLG .BLOCK 1 HISTP .BLOCK 1 CURPO2 .BLOCK 1 ;DISPL LINKAGE (TO ECHO TO DISP) ;TAPE SPEED (C7,5B,5A) ;TIMING GAP BETWEEN BLOCKS LOCATIONS ;# OF HALF PULSES... ;FOR TAPE ;REGS FLG FOR SINGLE STEP MODE ;DISASSEM FLG FOR SINGLE STEP MODE ;ENABLE OR DIS BREAKPOINTS ;ENABLE OR DIS PRINTER ;INPUT DEVICE ;OUTPUT DEVICE ;HISTORY PTR (SINGLE STEP) (Y) ;DISPLAY POINTER
0119 0120 0121 0122 0123 0124 0125 0126 0127 0128 0129 0130 0131 0132 0133 0134 0135 0136 0137 0138 0139 0140 0141 0142 0143 0144 0145 0146 0147 0148 0149 0150 0151 0152 0153 0154 0155 0156 0157 0158 0159 0160 0161 0162 0163 0164 0165 0166 0167 0168 0169 0170 0171 0172 0173 0174 0175 0176 0177 0178 0179 0180
A416 A417 A418 A419 A41A A41C A41E A420 A420 A420 A420 A421 A422 A423 A424 A425 A427 A427 A427 A427 A42A A42D A42E A42E A42E A42E A434 A435 A436 A437 A438 A438 A438 A438 A438 A438 A460 A460 A460 A474 A475 A476 A477 A478 A479 A47A A47B A47C A47D A47F A47F A47F A480 A480 A480 A480 A480 A480 A481 A482 A483 A484
CURPOS CNTH30 CNTL30 COUNT S1 ADDR CKSUM S2
.BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK .BLOCK =BKS+6
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
;PRINTER POINTER ;BAUD RATE &... ;DELAY FOR TTY ;# OF LINES (0-99) ;START ADDRESS ;END ADDRESS ;CHECKSUM ;VERTICAL COUNT (ONLY ON DUMP) ;STATUS ;ACCUM ;X REG ;Y REG ;STACK POINTER ;PROGR COUNTER
;MONITOR REGISTERS SAVPS .BLOCK 1 SAVA .BLOCK 1 SAVX .BLOCK 1 SAVY .BLOCK 1 SAVS .BLOCK 1 SAVPC .BLOCK 2
;WORK AREAS FOR PAGE ZERO SIMULATION ;SIMULATE LDA (NNNN),Y ,WHERE NNNN IS ABSOLUTE STIY .BLOCK 3 ;STA NM,Y CPIY .BLOCK 3 ;CMP NM,Y OR LDA NM,Y .BLOCK 1 ;RTS LDIY =CPIY ;LDA NM,Y ;VARIABLES FOR TAPE NAME .BLOCK 6 TAPIN .BLOCK 1 TAPOUT .BLOCK 1 TAPTR .BLOCK 1 TAPTR2 .BLOCK 1 HIST =NAME BLK =$0115 TABUFF =$0116 BLKO =$0168 TABUF2 =$00AD DIBUFF .BLOCK 40 ;FILE NAME ;IN FLG (TAPE 1 OR 2) ;OUT FLG (TAPE 1 OR 2) ;TAPE BUFF POINTER ;TAPE OUTPUT BUFF PTR ;FOUR LAST ADDR + NEXT (SINGL STEP)` ;BLOCK COUNT ;TAPE BUFFER (I/O) ;OUTPUT BLOCK COUNT ;OUTPUT BUFF WHEN ASSEMB (PAG0) ;DISPLAY BUFFER
;VARIABLES USED IN PRINTING IBUFM .BLOCK 20 ;PRINTER BUFFER IDIR .BLOCK 1 ;DIRECTION == 0=>+ , FF=>ICOL .BLOCK 1 ;COLUMN LEFTMOST=0,RIGHTMOST=4 IOFFST .BLOCK 1 ;OFFSET 0=LEFT DGT,1=RIGHT DGT IDOT .BLOCK 1 ;# OF LAST DOT ENCOUNTERED IOUTL .BLOCK 1 ;LOWER 8 OUTPUTS(8 COLS ON RIGHT) IOUTU .BLOCK 1 ;UPPER 2 DIGITS IBITL .BLOCK 1 ;1 BIT MSK FOR CURRENT OUTPUT IBITU .BLOCK 1 IMASK .BLOCK 1 ;MSK FOR CURRENT ROW JUMP .BLOCK 2 ;INDIR & ADDR OF TABL FOR CURR ROW ;VARIABLES FOR KEYBOARD ROLLFL .BLOCK 1 ;SAVE LAST STROBE FOR ROLLOVER KMASK =CPIY ;TO MASK OFF CTRL OR SHIFT STBKEY =CPIY+1 ;STROBE KEY (1-8 COLUMNS) ; DRA2 DDRA2 DRB2 DDRB2 *=$A480 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 .BLOCK 1 I/O ASSIGNMENT ;DATA ;DATA ;DATA ;DATA REG DIR REG DIR A REG A B REG B
0181 0182 0183 0184 0185 0186 0187 0188 0189 0190 0191 0192 0193 0194 0195 0196 0197 0198 0199 0200 0201 0202 0203 0204 0205 0206 0207 0208 0209 0210 0211 0212 0213 0214 0215 0216 0217 0218 0219 0220 0221 0222 0223 0224 0225 0226 0227 0228 0229 0230 0231 0232 0233 0234 0235 0236 0237 0238 0239 0240 0241 0242
A484 A484 A484 A485 A486 A487 A488 A488 A485 A485 A486 A486 A494 A494 A494 A494 A495 A496 A497 A498 A498 A498 A498 A800 A800 A801 A802 A803 A804 A805 A806 A807 A808 A809 A80A A80B A80C A80D A80E A80F A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810 A810
WRITE EDGE DETECT CONTROL (NOT USED BECAUSE KB) *=$A484 DNPA7 .BLOCK 1 ;DISABLE PA7 INT ,NEG EDGE DET DPPA7 .BLOCK 1 ;DIS PA7 INT ,POS EDGE DETE ENPA7 .BLOCK 1 ;ENA PA7 INT ,NEG EDG DET EPPA7 .BLOCK 1 ;ENA PA7 INT ,POS EDG DET ; RINT ; READ AND CLEAR INTERRUPT *=$A485 .BLOCK 1 ;BIT 7=TIMER FLG , BIT 6=PA7 FLG
TIMER INTERRUPT *=$A494 ;WRITE COUNT TO INTERVAL TIMER ;INTERRUPT DISABLE FOR THESE ADDRS DIV1 .BLOCK 1 ;DIV BY 1 (DISABLE);ADD 8 TO ENA DIV8 .BLOCK 1 ;DIV BY 8 (DIS) ; ADD 8 TO ENA DIV64 .BLOCK 1 ;DIV BY 64 (DIS) ; ADD 8 TO ENA DI1024 .BLOCK 1 ;DIV BY 1024 (DIS) ; ADD 8 TO ENA ; ; ; DRB DRAH DDRB DDRA T1L T1CH T1LL T1LH T2L T2H SR ACR PCR IFR IER DRA ********************************************* * 6522 ADDRESSES (MONIT) (A800-ABFF) * ********************************************* *=$A800 .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REG B .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REG A .BLOCK 1 ;DATA DIR REG B .BLOCK 1 ;DATA DIR REG A .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 COUNTER LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 COUNTER HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 LATCH LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 1 LATCH HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 2 LATCH & COUNTER LOW .BLOCK 1 ;TIMER 2 COUNTER HIGH .BLOCK 1 ;SHIFT REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;AUX CONTROL REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;PERIPHERAL CONTROL REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;INTERRUPT FLAG REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER .BLOCK 1 ;DATA REGISTER A
;DEFINE I/O CONTROL FOR PCR (CA1,CA2,CB1,CB2) DATIN =$0E ;DATA IN CA2=1 DATOUT =$0C ;DATA OUT CA2=0 PRST =$00 ;PRINT START (CB1) ,NEG DETEC SP12 =$01 ;STROBE P1,P2 (CA1) ,POS DETEC MON =$C0 ;MOTOR ON (CB2=0) MOFF =$E0 ;MSKS TO OBTAIN EACH INTERRUPT MPRST =$10 ;INT FLG FOR CB1 MSP12 =$02 ;INT FLG FOR CA1 MT2 =$20 ;INT FLG FOR T2 ;DEFINE I/O CONTROL FOR ACR (TIMERS,SR) PRTIME =1700 ; PRINTING TIME =1.7M MSEC DEBTIM =5000 ; DEBOUNCE TIME (5 MSEC) T2I =$00 ;T2 AS ONE SHOT (PRI,KB,TTY,TAPE) T1I =$00 ;T1 AS ONE SHOT,PB7 DIS (TAPES) T1FR =$C0 ;T1 IN FREE RUNNING (TAPE) ; ; ****************************** * DISPLAY (AC00-AFFF) *
0243 0244 0245 0246 0247 0248 0249 0250 0251 0252 0253 0254 0255 0256 0257 0258 0259 0260 0261 0262 0263 0264 0265 0266 0267 0268 0269 0270 0271 0272 0273 0274 0275 0276 0277 0278 0279 0280 0281 0282 0283 0284 0285 0286 0287 0288 0289 0290 0291 0292 0293 0294 0295 0296 0297 0298 0299 0300 0301 0302 0303 0304
A810 A810 AC00 AC00 AC01 AC02 AC03 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 AC04 E000 E000
; ****************************** ; REGISTERS FOR DISPLAY (6520) *=$AC00 RA .BLOCK 1 ;REGISTER A CRA .BLOCK 1 ;CONTROL REG A RB .BLOCK 1 ;REG B CRB .BLOCK 1 ;CONTROL REG B ;CHR ;CHR ;CHR ;CHR ;CHR 00-03 04-07 08-11 12-15 16-19 =$FF =$0D =$0A =$1B =$08 =$BD A1 ENA ENA ENA ENA ENA BY BY BY BY BY $AC04-AC07 $AC08-AC0B $AC10-AC13 $AC20-AC23 $AC40-AC43
NULLC CR LF ESCAPE RUB EQS ;.FILE ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
E=ENTER EDITOR T=RE-ENTER EDITOR TO RE-EDIT SOURCE R=SHOW REGISTERS M=DISPLAY MEMORY =SHOW NEXT 4 ADDRESSES G=GO AT CURRENT P.C. (COUNT) /=ALTER CURRENT MEMORY L=LOAD OBJECT D=DUMP OBJECT N=ASSEMBLE *=ALTER P.C. A=ALTER ACCUMULATOR X=ALTER X REGISTER Y=ALTER Y REGISTER P=ALTER PROCESSOR STATUS S=ALTER STACK POINTER B=SET BREAK ADDR ?=SHOW BREAK ADDRESSES #=CLEAR BREAK ADDRESSES H=SHOW TRACE HISTORY STACK V=TOGGLE REGISTER PRINT WITH DIS. Z=TOGGLE DISASSEMBLER TRACE \=TURN ON/OFF PRINTER =ADV PAPER I=MNEMONIC ENTRY K=DISASSEMBLE MEMORY 1=TOGGLE TAPE 1 CONTRL (ON OR OFF) 2=TOGGLE TAPE 2 CONTRL 3=VERIFY CKSUM FOR TAPES 4=ENABLE BREAKS 5=BASIC ENTRY (COLD) 6=BASIC REENTRY (WARM)
;FOLLOWING KEYS ARE UNUSED BUT 'HOOKS' ;ARE PROVIDED IN LOCATIONS 010C-0114 ; ; KEYF1,KEYF2,KEYF3 *=$E000 ;ALL MSGS HAVE MSB=1 OF LAST CHAR TO END IT
0305 0306 0307 0307 0308 0309 0310 0311 0312 0313 0314 0314 0315 0315 0316 0317 0318 0319 0320 0320 0321 0322 0323 0324 0325 0326 0327 0328 0329 0330 0331 0332 0333 0334 0335 0336 0337 0338 0339 0340 0341 0342 0343 0344 0345 0346 0347 0348 0349 0350 0351 0352 0353 0354 0355 0356 0357 0358 0359 0360 0361 0362
E000 E005 E008 E00E E01C E021 E024 E027 E02A E02D E031 E037 E03B E041 E048 E04D E050 E052 E056 E05C E05F E061 E066 E06C E072 E075 E075 E075 E078 E07B E07B E07B E07E E07F E082 E083 E086 E089 E08A E08D E08E E091 E092 E095 E095 E098 E09B E09E E0A1 E0A4 E0A7 E0AA E0AC E0AF E0B1 E0B4 E0B7 E0B9 E0BC E0BF E0BF E0BF
46524F4DBD M1 .DB "FROM",EQS 54 4F BD M3 .DB "TO",EQS 202A2A2A2A20M4 .DB " **** PS AA XX YY S",$D3 50532041412058582059592053D3 4D4F5245BF M5 .DB "MORE",$BF 4F 4E A0 M6 .DB "ON",$A0 ;"ON " 4F 46 C6 M7 .DB "OF",$C6 ;"OFF" 42 52 CB M8 .DB "BR",$CB ;"BRK" 49 4E BD M9 .DB "IN",EQS 4F 55 54 BD M10 .DB "OUT",EQS 204D454D2046M11 .DB " MEM FAIL",$A0 41494CA0 205052494E54M12 .DB " PRINTER DOW",$CE 455220444F57CE 2053524348 TMSG0 .DB " SRCH" 20 46 BD TMSG1 .DB " F",EQS 54 BD TMSG2 .DB "T",EQS A0 C5 D2 D2 TMSG3 .DB $A0,$C5,$D2,$D2 ;PRINT " ERROR" ,MSB=1 CFD2A0A0A0A0 .DB $CF,$D2,$A0,$A0,$A0,$A0,$A0,$A0,";" A0A03B 41 BD TMSG5 .DB "A",EQS 424C4B3DA0 TMSG6 .DB "BLK=",$A0 A0CCCFC1C43BTMSG7 .DB $A0,$CC,$CF,$C1,$C4,";" 454449544FD2EMSG1 .DB "EDITO",$D2 ;EDITOR MESSAGES 45 4E C4 EMSG2 .DB "EN",$C4 6C 02 A4 6C 04 A4 8D 68 8D D8 8E 8C 68 8D 68 8D BA 8E AC AD 99 AD 99 20 AD F0 20 90 4C 20 F0 20 4C D8 21 A4 20 A4 22 A4 23 A4 25 A4 26 A4 24 A4 14 26 2E 25 2F 88 10 08 6B 03 7F 90 F8 07 6D A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 E6 A4 E7 E1 E7 E9 E2 ;VECTORS COME HERE FIRST AFTER JUMP THRU FFFA-FFFF NMIV1 JMP (NMIV2) ;NMIV2 IS A VECTOR TO NMIV3 IRQV1 JMP (IRQV2) ;IRQV2 IS A VECTOR TO IRQV3 ;SINGLE STEP ENTRY POINT (NMI) NMIV3 STA SAVA ;SAVE ACCUM PLA STA SAVPS ;SAVE PROCESSOR STATUS CLD STX SAVX ;SAVE X STY SAVY PLA STA SAVPC ;PROGRAM COUNTER PLA STA SAVPC+1 TSX ;GET STACK PTR & SAVE IT STX SAVS ;TRACE THE ADDRESS LDY HISTP ;GET POINTER TO HISTORY STACK LDA SAVPC+1 ;SAVE HALT ADDR IN HISTORY STACK STA HIST,Y LDA SAVPC STA HIST+1,Y JSR NHIS ;UPDATE POINTER LDA BKFLG ;SOFT BREAKS ON? BEQ NMI5 ;NO ,DONT CHCK BRKPOINT LIST JSR CKB ;CHECK BREAKPOINT LIST BCC NMI5 ;DID NOT HIT BREAKPOINT NMI4 JMP IRQ2 ;HIT A BREAK-TRAP TO MONITOR NMI5 JSR DONE ;COUNT =0 ? BEQ NMI4 ;YES,TRAP TO MONITOR JSR RCHEK ;CHK IF HE WANTS TO INTERR JMP GOBK ;NOT DONE-RESUME EXECUTION ;POWER UP AND RESET ENTRY POINT (RST TRANSFERS HERE) RSET CLD ;CLEAR DEC MODE
0363 0364 0365 0366 0367 0368 0369 0370 0371 0372 0373 0374 0375 0376 0377 0378 0379 0380 0381 0382 0383 0384 0385 0386 0387 0388 0389 0390 0391 0392 0393 0394 0395 0396 0397 0398 0399 0400 0401 0402 0403 0404 0405 0406 0407 0408 0409 0410 0411 0412 0413 0414 0415 0416 0417 0418 0419 0420 0421 0422 0423 0424
E0C0 E0C1 E0C3 E0C4 E0C7 E0C7 E0C9 E0CC E0CF E0D0 E0D2 E0D2 E0D4 E0D7 E0DA E0DB E0DD E0DD E0E0 E0E3 E0E5 E0E8 E0EB E0ED E0EF E0F1 E0F3 E0F6 E0F9 E0FA E0FC E0FE E0FE E100 E102 E105 E107 E108 E10B E10D E10E E111 E113 E116 E119 E11A E11B E11B E11B E11D E120 E122 E124 E126 E129 E12C E12E E131 E133 E136 E139 E13B
78 A2 FF 9A 8E 24 A4 A2 BD 9D CA 10 A2 BD 9D CA 10 AD CD D0 AD CD D0 A2 D0 A2 BD 9D E8 E0 90 A9 A2 20 A9 CA 20 A9 E8 20 D0 9D 9D 60 58 A9 2C D0 70 A9 8D 2C 50 AD 49 8D AD 49 20 0E 43 E7 00 A8 F7 03 52 E7 80 A4 F7 56 02 0C 57 03 04 10 02 00 56 02 15 F5 00 01 13 E1 FF 13 E1 04 13 E1 07 00 AC 02 AC E7 A4 E7 A4
E7 A4
SEI ;DISABLE INTERRUPT LDX #$FF ;INIT STACK PTR TXS STX SAVS ;ALSO INIT SAVED STACK PTR ;INITIALIZE 6522 LDX #14 RS1 LDA INTAB1,X ;PB1-PB0,PA7-PA0 FOR PRNTR STA DRB,X ;PB2=TTO,PB6=TTI DEX ;PB4-PB5=TAPE CONTROL,PB7=DATA BPL RS1 ;PB3 =SWITCH KB/TTY ;INITIALIZE 6532 LDX #3 ;PORTS USED FOR KB RS2 LDA INTAB2,X ;PA0-PA7 AS OUTPUT STA DRA2,X ;PB0-PB7 AS INPUT DEX BPL RS2 ;INITIALIZE MONITOR RAM (6532) LDA INTAB3 ;CHECK IF NMIV2 HAS BEEN CHANGED CMP NMIV2 ;IF IT HAS THEN ASSUME A COLD BNE RS3A ;START AND INITIALIZE EVERYTHING LDA INTAB3+1 CMP NMIV2+1 BNE RS3A LDX #16 ;THEY ARE EQUAL ,IT'S A WARM RESET BNE RS3 RS3A LDX #0 ;INIT EVERYTHING (POWER UP) RS3 LDA INTAB3,X STA NMIV2,X INX CPX #21 BCC RS3 ;INITIALIZE DISPLAY (6520) LDA #0 ;SET CONTR REG FOR DATA DIR REG LDX #1 JSR SETREG LDA #$FF ;SET DATA DIR REG FOR OUTPUT DEX JSR SETREG LDA #$04 ;SET CONTR REG FOR PORTS INX JSR SETREG BNE RS3B SETREG STA RA,X STA RB,X RTS RS3B CLI ;CLEAR INTERRUPT ;KB/TTY SWITCH TEST AND BIT RATE MEASUREMENT LDA #$08 ;PB3=SWITCH KB/TTY RS4 BIT DRB ;A^M ,PB6-> V (OVERFLOW FLG) BNE RS7 ;BRANCH ON KB BVS RS4 ;START BIT=PB6=0? LDA #$FF ;YES ,INITIALIZE TIMER T2 STA T2H RS5 BIT DRB ;END OF START BIT ? BVC RS5 ;NO ,WAIT UNTIL PB6 BACK TO 1 LDA T2H ;STORE TIMING EOR #$FF ;COMPLEMENT STA CNTH30 LDA T2L EOR #$FF JSR PATCH1 ;ADJUST IT
08 00 22 F9 FF 09 00 FB 09 FF 17 08 FF 7C
A8
A8 A8 A8 A4 A8 FE
0425 0426 0427 0428 0429 0430 0431 0432 0433 0434 0435 0436 0437 0438 0439 0440 0441 0442 0443 0444 0445 0446 0447 0448 0449 0450 0451 0452 0453 0454 0455 0456 0457 0458 0459 0460 0461 0462 0463 0464 0465 0466 0467 0468 0469 0470 0471 0472 0473 0474 0475 0476 0477 0478 0479 0480 0481 0482 0483 0484 0485 0486
E13E E141 E144 E146 E147 E148 E14A E14D E14E E14F E150 E152 E154 E154 E154 E157 E158 E159 E15B E15D E160 E163 E163 E163 E164 E167 E16A E16D E16E E16F E170 E172 E175 E176 E178 E17B E17C E17F E17F E182 E182 E182 E182 E185 E187 E18A E18D E18E E190 E193 E194 E196 E199 E19B E19C E19E E19E E1A1 E1A2 E1A5 E1A8 E1A9
20 4C A2 8A 48 A9 20 68 AA CA 10 30 8D 68 48 29 D0 AD 6C 68 8D 8E 8C D8 68 38 E9 8D 68 E9 8D BA 8E
13 EA 72 FF 13 00 7B EF
RS6 RS7 RS8
F4 EA 21 A4 10 06 21 A4 00 A4
JSR JMP LDX TXA PHA LDA JSR PLA TAX DEX BPL BMI
CRLOW PAT21 #19 #0 OUTDD1
;CLEAR DISPLAY ;CLEAR HARDWARE CURSORS
RS8 RS6
20 A4 22 A4 23 A4
01 25 A4 00 26 A4 24 A4
20 61 F4
;BRK INSTR (00) OR IRQ ENTRY POINT IRQV3 STA SAVA PLA PHA ;GET STATUS AND #$10 ;SEE IF 'BRK' , ISOLATE B FLG BNE IRQ1 ;TRAP WAS CAUSED BY "BRK" INSTRUC LDA SAVA ;TRAP CAUSED BY IRQ SO TRANSFER JMP (MONRAM) ;CONTROL TO USER THRU VECTOR ;IS 'BRK' INSTR ,SHOW PC & DATA ;PC IS OFF BY ONE , SO ADJUST IT IRQ1 PLA STA SAVPS ;SAVE PROCESSOR STATUS STX SAVX STY SAVY CLD PLA ;PROGR CNTR SEC ;SUBTRACT ONE FROM RETURN ADDR SBC #1 STA SAVPC PLA SBC #0 STA SAVPC+1 TSX ;GET STACK PTR & SAVE IT STX SAVS ;SHOW PC AND DATA IRQ2 JSR REGQ ;SHOW NEXT INSTRUCTION & CONTINUE ;THIS ROUTINE WILL GET ;KB/TTY & THEN WILL GO START JMP PAT19 STA1 LDA #'<'+$80 JSR OUTPUT JSR RED1 PHA LDA #'>' JSR OUTPUT PLA LDX #MCNT MCM2 CMP COMB,X BEQ MCM3 DEX BPL MCM2 ;IS BAD COMMAND JSR QM COMIN CLD JSR LL LDX SAVS TXS JMP START A CHR WITH "( )" FROM TO THE RESPECTIVE COMMAND ;CLEAR DEC MODE & <CR> ;"<" CHR WITH MSB=1 FOR DISP ;GET CHR & ECHO FROM KB/TTY
4C A9 20 20 48 A9 20 68 A2 DD F0 CA 10 20 D8 20 AE 9A 4C
59 FF BC 7A E9 96 FE 3E 7A E9 20 C4 E1 11 F8 D4 E7 FE E8 24 A4 82 E1
;SCAN LIST OF CMDS FOR ENTERED CHR ;COUNT OF COMMANDS ;CHECK NEXT COMMAND IN LIST ;MATCH , SO PROCESS THIS COMMAND
0487 0488 0489 0490 0491 0492 0493 0494 0495 0496 0497 0498 0499 0500 0501 0501 0502 0502 0503 0504 0504 0505 0505 0506 0506 0507 0507 0508 0508 0509 0510 0511 0512 0513 0514 0515 0516 0517 0518 0519 0520 0521 0522 0523 0524 0525 0526 0527 0528 0529 0530 0531 0532 0533 0534 0535 0536 0537 0538 0539 0540 0541
E1AC E1AC E1AD E1AE E1AF E1B2 E1B5 E1B8 E1BB E1BE E1C1 E1C4 E1C4 E1C4 E1C4 E1CA E1D4 E1DA E1E5 E1E5 E1EB E1EF E1F5 E1FB E201 E207 E20D E211 E217 E21B E221 E221 E227 E227 E227 E22A E22C E22F E232 E235 E237 E23A E23C E23F E241 E244 E246 E248 E248 E248 E24B E24D E24F E251 E254 E256 E259 E25C E25D E25E E260 E261
8A 0A AA BD 8D BD 8D 20 4C 6C
E5 7D E6 7E C1 82 7D
E1 A4 E1 A4 E1 E1 A4
;HAVE VALID COMMAND MCM3 TXA ASL A TAX LDA MONCOM,X STA JUMP LDA MONCOM+1,X STA JUMP+1 JSR JMPR JMP START JMPR JMP (JUMP)
;CONVERT TO WORD (MULT BY 2) ;2 BYTES (ADDR) ;GET ADDRESS OF COMMAND PROCESSOR
;CMD PROCESSORS CAN EXIT WITH 'RTS' ;GO TO COMMAND
;VALID COMMANDS MCNT =32 ;COUNT 4554524D472FCOMB .DB "ETRMG/LDN*AXYPS " 4C444E2A415859505320 423F2348565A .DB "B?#HVZIK123456[]",$5E 494B3132333435365B5D5E 39F6CFF627E2MONCOM .DW EDIT,REENTR,REG,MEM,GO 48E261E2 A0E2E6E23BE4 .DW CHNGG,LOAD,DUMP,ASSEM,CGPC,CGA 00D0D4E5EEE5 F2E5F6E5EAE5 .DW CGX,CGY,CGPS,CGS,NXT5,BRKA FAE50DE61BE6 4DE6FEE665E6 .DW SHOW,CLRBK,SHIS,REGT,TRACE D9E6DDE6 9EFB0AE7BDE6 .DW MNEENT,KDISA,TOGTA1,TOGTA2,VECKSM CBE694E6 E5E600B003B0 .DW BRKK,BASIEN,BASIRE ;USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS 0C010F011201 .DW KEYF1,KEYF2,KEYF3 20 A0 20 20 20 A0 20 A9 8D A9 8D A2 D0 20 B0 A2 A0 20 A9 20 20 C8 CA D0 60 13 08 AF 24 3E 09 DD 20 1C A4 1D 05 07 AE 13 04 00 3E 1C 58 46 F1 EA E7 EA E8 E2 A4 A4 ;***** R COMMAND-DISPLAY REGISTERS ***** REG JSR CRLOW ;CLEAR DISP IF KB LDY #M4-M1 ;MESSAG & <CR> JSR KEP JSR CRCK REG1 JSR BLANK LDY #SAVPC-ADDR ;OUTPUT PGR CNTR (SAVEPC+1,SAVEPC) JSR WRITAD LDA #SAVPS ;NOW THE OTHER 5 REGS STA ADDR LDA #SAVPS/256 STA ADDR+1 LDX #5 ;COUNT BNE MEM1 ;SHARE CODE ;***** M COMMAND-DISPLAY MEMORY ***** MEM JSR ADDIN ;GET START ADDDRESS IN ADDR BCS MEM3 MEIN LDX #4 MEM1 LDY #0 MEM2 JSR BLANK LDA #ADDR JSR LDAY ;LOAD CONTENTS OF CURR LOCATION JSR NUMA ;AND DISPLAY IT AS 2 HEX DIGITS INY DEX ;DECR COUNTER BNE MEM2 MEM3 RTS ;GET NEXT COMMAND
EA
E8 EB EA
0542 0543 0544 0545 0546 0547 0548 0549 0550 0551 0552 0553 0554 0555 0556 0557 0558 0559 0560 0561 0562 0563 0564 0565 0566 0567 0568 0569 0570 0571 0572 0573 0574 0575 0576 0577 0578 0579 0580 0581 0582 0583 0584 0585 0586 0587 0588 0589 0590 0591 0592 0593 0594 0595 0596 0597 0598 0599 0600 0601 0602 0603
E261 E261 E264 E267 E26A E26D E270 E272 E275 E278 E27B E27E E280 E283 E286 E289 E28A E28D E290 E293 E294 E297 E298 E29B E29C E29F E2A0 E2A0 E2A0 E2A3 E2A6 E2A9 E2AC E2AE E2B0 E2B2 E2B2 E2B5 E2B8 E2B8 E2BB E2BD E2C0 E2C1 E2C3 E2C5 E2C5 E2C8 E2CA E2CD E2CD E2CE E2CF E2D2 E2D5 E2D7 E2DA E2DB E2DB E2DB E2DB E2DD
20 20 20 4C AD F0 20 20 20 AD F0 20 20 AE 9A AC AE AD 48 AD 48 AD 48 AD 40 20 20 20 20 90 C9 D0
37 85 F0 86 0E 06 32 24 07 0F 06 6C 13 24
E8 E7 E9 E2 A4 E2 EA E9 A4 F4 EA A4
23 A4 22 A4 26 A4 25 A4 20 A4 21 A4
;***** G COMMAND-RESTART PROCESSOR ***** GO JSR PSL1 ;"/" JSR GCNT ;GET COUNT JSR CRLF JMP GOBK1 ;RESUME EXECUTION GOBK LDA REGF ;DISPLAY REGISTERS ? BEQ GOBK0 ;NO,BRANCH JSR REG1 ;SHOW THE SIX REG JSR CRCK ;<CR> GOBK0 JSR RCHEK ;SEE IF HE WANTS TO INTERRUPT LDA DISFLG ;DISASSEMBLE CURRENT INSTR ? BEQ GOBK1 ;NO,BRANCH JSR DISASM ;DISASM THIS INSTRUCTION JSR CRLOW GOBK1 LDX SAVS ;RESTORE SAVED REGS FOR RTI TXS LDY SAVY LDX SAVX LDA SAVPC+1 PHA ;PUT PC ON STACK LDA SAVPC PHA LDA SAVPS ;STATUS ALSO PHA LDA SAVA RTI ;AND AWAY WE GO... ;***** / COMMAND-ALTER MEMORY ***** CHNGG JSR BLANK JSR WRITAZ ;WRITE ADDR CHNG1 JSR BLANK JSR RD2 ;GET VALUE BCC CH2 ;ISN'T SKIP OR DONE CMP #' ' BNE CH3 ;NOT BLANK SO MUST BE DONE ;SKIP THIS LOCATION JSR BLANK JMP CH4 ;IS ALTER CH2 JSR SADDR ;STORE ENTERED VALUE INTO MEMORY BEQ CH4 ;NO ERROR IN STORE JMP MEMERR ;MEMORY WRITE ERROR CH4 INY CPY #4 BNE CHNG1 ;GO AGAIN ;HAVE DONE LINE OR HAVE <CR> CH3 JSR NXTADD ;UPDATE THE ADDRESS LDA #CR ;CLEAR DISPL JMP PATC10 ;ONLY ONE <CR> & BACK TO MONITOR NXTADD TYA CLC ADC STA BCC INC NXTA1 RTS ;ADD Y TO ADDR+1,ADDR ADDR ADDR NXTA1 ADDR+1
3E DB 3E 5D 0A 20 13
E8 E2 E8 EA
20 3E E8 4C C0 E2 20 F0 4C C8 C0 D0 78 EB 03 33 EB 04 E1
20 CD E2 A9 0D 4C E9 FE 98 18 6D 8D 90 EE 60
1C A4 1C A4 03 1D A4
A0 00 B9 1D A4
;WRITE CURRENT VALUE OF ADDR ;PART OF / & SPACE COMM WRITAZ LDY #0 WRITAD LDA ADDR+1,Y
0604 0605 0606 0607 0608 0609 0610 0611 0612 0613 0614 0615 0616 0617 0618 0619 0620 0621 0622 0623 0624 0625 0626 0627 0628 0629 0630 0631 0632 0633 0634 0635 0636 0637 0638 0639 0640 0641 0642 0643 0644 0645 0646 0647 0648 0649 0650 0651 0652 0653 0654 0655 0656 0657 0658 0659 0660 0661 0662 0663 0664 0665
E2E0 E2E3 E2E6 E2E6 E2E6 E2E6 E2E9 E2E9 E2EC E2EE E2F0 E2F3 E2F6 E2F7 E2FA E2FD E300 E303 E304 E306 E306 E309 E30C E30D E30F E30F E312 E315 E317 E31A E31D E31F E321 E323 E326 E327 E329 E32C E32F E32F E32F E32F E331 E334 E337 E338 E33B E33E E340 E341 E341 E344 E346 E349 E34C E34F E350 E352 E354 E357 E359 E35C
BE 1C A4 4C 42 EA
LDX ADDR,Y JMP WRAX ;***** L COMMAND-GENERAL LOAD ***** ;LOAD OBJECT FROM TTY,USER,TYPE OR TAPE IN KIM-1 FORMAT LOAD JSR WHEREI ;WHERE INPUT ;GET ";" , # OF BYTES AND SA LOAD1 JSR INALL ;GET FIRST CHAR CMP #SEMICOLON ;LOOK FOR BEGINNING BNE LOAD1 ;IGNORE ALL CHARS BEFORE ";" JSR CLRCK ;CLEAR CHECHSUM JSR CHEKAR ;READ RECORD LENGTH TAX ;SAVE IN X THE # BYTES JSR CHEKAR ;READ UPPER HALF OF ADDRESS STA ADDR+1 JSR CHEKAR ;READ LOWER HALF OF ADDRESS STA ADDR TXA BEQ LOAD4 ;LAST RECORD (RECORD LENGTH=0) ;GET DATA LOAD2 JSR RBYTE ;READ NEXT BYTE OF DATA JSR STBYTE ;STORE AT LOC (ADDR+1,ADDR) DEX ;DECR RECORD LENGTH BNE LOAD2 ;COMPARE CKSUM JSR RBYTE ;READ UPPER HALF OF CHCKSUM CMP CKSUM+1 ;COMPARE TO COMPUTED VALUE BNE CKERR ;CKSUM ERROR JSR RBYTE ;READ LOWER HALF OF CHECKSUM CMP CKSUM BNE CKERR BEQ LOAD1 ;UNTIL LAST RECORD LOAD4 LDX #5 ;READ 4 MORE ZEROS LOAD5 JSR RBYTE DEX BNE LOAD5 JSR INALL ;READ LAST <CR> JMP DU13 ;SET DEFAULT DEV & GO BACK ;LOAD ROUTINE FROM TAPE BY BLOCKS ;CHECK FOR RIGHT FILE & LOAD FIRST BLOCK LOADTA LDA #$00 ;CLEAR BLOCK COUNT STA BLK JSR TIBY1 ;LOAD BUFFER WITH A BLOCK DEX ;SET X=0 STX CURPO2 ;CLEAR DISPLAY PTR LDA TABUFF,X ;BLK COUNT SHOULD BE ZERO BNE LOADTA ;NO, READ ANOTHER BLOCK INX ;AFTER FIRST BLOCK OUTPUT FILE NAME INC PRIFLG ;SO DO NOT GO TO PRINT. LDY #TMSG0-M1 ;PRINT "F=" JSR KEP LOAD1A LDA TABUFF,X ;OUTPUT FILE NAME JSR OUTPUT ;ONLY TO DISPLAY INX CPX #6 BNE LOAD1A JSR BLANK LDY #TMSG6-M1 ;PRINT "BLK= " JSR KEP DEC PRIFLG ;RESTORE PRINTR FLG
20 48 E8 20 C9 D0 20 20 AA 20 8D 20 8D 8A F0 93 E9 3B F9 4D EB 4B E5 4B 1D 4B 1C 1B E5 A4 E5 A4
20 FD E3 20 13 E4 CA D0 F7 20 CD D0 20 CD D0 F0 A2 20 CA D0 20 4C FD 1F 6E FD 1E 66 C8 05 FD E3 A4 E3 A4
E3
FA 93 E9 20 E5
A9 8D 20 CA 8E BD D0 E8 EE A0 20 BD 20 E8 E0 D0 20 A0 20 CE
00 15 01 53 ED 15 A4 16 01 EF 11 48 AF 16 7A A4 E7 01 E9
06 F5 3E E8 61 AF E7 11 A4
0666 0667 0668 0669 0670 0671 0672 0673 0674 0675 0676 0677 0678 0679 0680 0681 0682 0683 0684 0685 0686 0687 0688 0689 0690 0691 0692 0693 0694 0695 0696 0697 0698 0699 0700 0701 0702 0703 0704 0705 0706 0707 0708 0709 0710 0711 0712 0713 0714 0715 0716 0717 0718 0719 0720 0721 0722 0723 0724 0725 0726 0727
E35F E362 E364 E364 E367 E36A E36C E36D E36F E371 E374 E377 E379 E37C E37E E381 E384 E385 E385 E385 E388 E38B E38E E391 E394 E396 E399 E39B E39D E3A0 E3A1 E3A3 E3A4 E3A4 E3A4 E3A7 E3AA E3AD E3AF E3B1 E3B3 E3B5 E3B7 E3BA E3BD E3BD E3BD E3C0 E3C3 E3C6 E3C9 E3CC E3CF E3D1 E3D3 E3D6 E3D8 E3DA E3DD E3DF E3E0 E3E2
20 BD ED A2 01 BD DD D0 E8 E0 D0 8E EE A9 8D A0 20 CE 60 20 20 4C 20 20 A0 B9 C9 F0 20 C8 D0 60 20 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 F0 20 8D 20 8D 20 8D 20 CD D0 A2 20 C9 F0 20 B0 CA D0 20 16 01 2D A4 C3 06 F3 36 11 00 15 66 96 11
A4 A4 A4 E3 A4
JSR ADDBK1 ;JUST OUTPUT BLK CNT LDX #1 ;RESTORE X ;CHECK IF FILE IS CORRECT LOADT2 LDA TABUFF,X ;NOW CHCK FILE NAME CMP NAME-1,X BNE LOADTA ;IF NO FILENAME GET INX ;ANOTHER BLOCK CPX #6 ;FILENAME=5 CHRS BNE LOADT2 STX TAPTR ;SAVE TAPE BUFF PTR INC PRIFLG ;OUTPUT MSG ONLY TO DISPLAY LDA #0 ;CLEAR DISPLAY POINTER STA CURPO2 LDY #TMSG7-M1 ;PRINT "LOAD " WITHOUT CLR DISPL JSR CKER1 DEC PRIFLG RTS ;LINE CKSUM ERROR CKERR JSR CKER0 JSR WRITAZ JMP COMIN CKER0 JSR LL JSR CRCK CKER00 LDY #TMSG3-M1 CKER1 LDA M1,Y CMP #SEMICOLON BEQ CKER2 JSR OUTPUT INY BNE CKER1 CKER2 RTS ;SUBR SO MNEM ENTRY CAN USE IT ;WRITE ADDR ;SET DEFAULT DEVICES ;<CR> ;PRINT "ERROR" ;DONT CLR DISPLAY TO THE RIGHT ;ONLY TO TERMINAL
8E DB A1 FE 24 52 00 3B 06 7A F3
E3 E2 E1 E8 EA E0 E9
4D EA 29 2A 06 16 F2 F3 FD 21 4B 1C 4B 1D 25 21 D3 02 29 2F 0E 84 A6
EB ED EE
E3 A4 E5 A4 E5 A4 E4 A4 EE EA
F1 13 E4
;LOAD ROUTINE FROM TAPE WITH KIM-1 FORMAT LOADKI JSR CLRCK ;CLEAR CKSUM LOADK1 JSR TAISET ;SET TAPE FOR INPUT LOADK2 JSR GETTAP ;READ CHARACTER FROM TAPE CMP #'*' ;BEGINNING OF FILE? BEQ LOADK3 ;YES,BRNCH CMP #$16 ;IF NOT * SHOULD BE SYN BNE LOADK1 BEQ LOADK2 LOADK3 JSR RBYTE ;READ ID FROM TAPE STA SAVA ;SAVE ID ;NOW GET ADDR TO DISPLAY ;& COMPARE ID AFTERWARDS JSR CHEKAR ;GET START ADDR LOW STA ADDR JSR CHEKAR ;GET START ADDR HIGH STA ADDR+1 JSR GETID ;ID FROM HIM CMP SAVA ;DO IDS MATCH? BNE LOADKI ;NO ,GET ANOTHER FILE LOADK5 LDX #$02 ;GET 2 CHARS LOADK6 JSR GETTAP ;1 CHAR FROM TAPE CMP #'/' ;LAST CHAR ? BEQ LOADK7 ;YES,BRNCH JSR PACK ;CONVERT TO HEX BCS CKERR ;NOT HEX CHAR SO ERROR DEX BNE LOADK6 JSR STBYTE ;STORE & CHCK MEM FAIL
0728 0729 0730 0731 0732 0733 0734 0735 0736 0737 0738 0739 0740 0741 0742 0743 0744 0745 0746 0747 0748 0749 0750 0751 0752 0753 0754 0755 0756 0757 0758 0759 0760 0761 0762 0763 0764 0765 0766 0767 0768 0769 0770 0771 0772 0773 0774 0775 0776 0777 0778 0779 0780 0781 0782 0783 0784 0785 0786 0787 0788 0789
E3E5 E3E8 E3EB E3EE E3F0 E3F3 E3F6 E3F8 E3F9 E3FA E3FD E3FD E3FD E3FD E400 E402 E404 E407 E40A E40D E410 E413 E413 E413 E416 E418 E41B E41D E420 E422 E425 E425 E425 E427 E42A E42B E42D E42F E432 E435 E438 E43B E43B E43B E43B E43E E43F E441 E444 E447 E44A E44C E44F E452 E455 E457 E45A E45D E45F E462 E464 E467
4C 20 CD D0 20 CD D0 68 68 4C
D1 FD 1E 95 FD 1F 8D
E3 E3 A4 E3 A4
20 E5
JMP LOADK7 JSR CMP BNE JSR CMP BNE PLA PLA JMP
LOADK5 RBYTE CKSUM CKERR RBYTE CKSUM+1 CKERR DU13
;NEXT ;END OF DATA CMP CKSUM ;LOW ;HIGH ;CORRECT RTN INSTEAD OF WHEREI ;TELL HIM & GO BACK TO COMMAN
AD C9 D0 4C 20 20 20 4C 20 A0 20 F0 4C A0 4C A2 BD CA C9 F0 BD 20 BD 4C
12 54 03 93 93 84 93 84 4E 00 78 03 33 01 CD
A4 E9 E9 EA E9 EA E5 EB EB E2
;GET 2 ASCII CHRS INTO 1 BYTE ;FOR TAPE (T) GET ONLY ONE HEX CHR RBYTE LDA INFLG ;INPUT DEVICE CMP #'T' BNE RBYT1 JMP INALL ;ONLY ONE BYTE FOR T (INPUT DEV) RBYT1 JSR INALL JSR PACK JSR INALL JMP PACK ;STORE AND CHECK MEMORY FAIL STBYTE JSR CHEKA ;ADD TO CKSUM LDY #0 JSR SADDR ;STORE AND CHCK BEQ *+5 JMP MEMERR ;MEMORY WRITE ERROR LDY #1 ;INC ADDR+1,ADDR BY 1 JMP NXTADD ;GET ID FROM LAST 2 CHR OF FILENAM GETID LDX #4 ;SEE WHAT HE GAVE US GID1 LDA NAME,X ;GET LAST 2 CHARS DEX CMP #' ' ;<SPACE> ? BEQ GID1 LDA NAME,X ;CONVERT TO BINARY JSR PACK LDA NAME+1,X JMP PACK ;ID IS IN STIY ;***** D COMMAND-GENERAL DUMP ***** ;TO TTY,PRINTR,USER,X ,TAPE,TAKIM-1 DUMP LDA BKFLG ;SAVE IT TO USE IT PHA LDA #00 STA BKFLG DU1 JSR CRCK ;<CR> DU0 JSR FROM ;GET START ADDR BCS DU0 ;IN CASE OF ERROR DO IT AGAIN JSR BLANK JSR ADDRS1 ;TRANSFER ADDR TO S1 DU1B JSR TO ;GET END ADDR BCS DU1B JSR CRLOW LDA BKFLG ;EXECUTE WHEREO ONLY ONCE BNE DU1A JSR WHEREO ;WHICH DEV (OUTFLG) LDA #0 STA S2 ;CLEAR RECORD COUNT STA S2+1
04 2E A4 20 F8 2E 84 2F 84
A4 EA A4 EA
AD 48 A9 8D 20 20 B0 20 20 20 B0 20 AD D0 20 A9 8D 8D
10 A4 00 10 24 A3 FB 3E 10 A7 FB 13 10 0E 71 00 06 07 A4 EA E7 E8 F9 E7 EA A4 E8 01 01
0790 0791 0792 0793 0794 0795 0796 0797 0798 0799 0800 0801 0802 0803 0804 0805 0806 0807 0808 0809 0810 0811 0812 0813 0814 0815 0816 0817 0818 0819 0820 0821 0822 0823 0824 0825 0826 0827 0828 0829 0830 0831 0832 0833 0834 0835 0836 0837 0838 0839 0840 0841 0842 0843 0844 0845 0846 0847 0848 0849 0850 0851
E46A E46D E46D E470 E472 E474 E475 E478 E47A E47D E480 E483 E483 E486 E489 E48A E48D E48E E491 E494 E496 E496 E497 E499 E49B E49D E49F E4A0 E4A2 E4A2 E4A3 E4A6 E4A7 E4AA E4AD E4B0 E4B3 E4B6 E4B9 E4B9 E4BC E4BE E4C1 E4C4 E4C7 E4C9 E4C9 E4CC E4CF E4D2 E4D5 E4D8 E4DB E4DB E4DD E4E0 E4E2 E4E4 E4E7 E4E8 E4EB E4EB
EE 10 A4 AD C9 D0 68 4C A0 20 20 20 20 AD 38 ED 48 AD ED D0 68 F0 C9 90 B0 68 A9 48 20 68 8D 20 AD 20 AD 20 20 A9 8D 20 CE D0 AD 20 AD 20 20 4C A0 20 C9 D0 4C 68 8D 13 A4 4B 04 87 01 CD F0 07 E5 E2 E9 E9
4D EB 1C A4 1A A4 1D A4 1B A4 09 42 18 05 01 18 BA E9 19 38 1B 38 1A 38 31 00 15 5D 19 F0 1F 3B 1E 3B 66 7D A4 E5 A4 E5 A4 E5 E5 A4 E5 A4 A4 E5 A4 E5 E5 E4
1C 70 E9 59 03 44 E4 10 A4
20 66 E5
INC BKFLG ;SET FLG ;CHCK OUTPUT DEV DU1A LDA OUTFLG CMP #'K' ;TAPE FOR KIM? BNE *+6 PLA ;PULL FLG JMP DUMPKI ;YES, GO OUTPUT WHOLE FILE LDY #1 ;OUTPUT ONE MORE BYTE JSR NXTADD DU2 JSR CRLF JSR RCHEK ;SEE IF HE WANTS TO INTERRUPT ;CALCULATE # OF BYTES YET TO BE DUMPED JSR CLRCK ;CLEAR CKSUM LDA ADDR ;END ADDRESS-CURRENT ADDRESS SEC SBC S1 PHA ;# OF BYTES LOW LDA ADDR+1 SBC S1+1 BNE DU6 ;# OF BYTES HIGH ;SEE IF 24 OR MORE BYTES TO GO PLA ;# BYTES HIGH WAS ZERO BEQ DU10 ;ARE DONE CMP #24 ;# BYTES > 24 ? BCC DU8 ;NO ,ONLY OUTPUT REMAINING BYTES BCS DU7 ;YES ,24 BYTES IN NEXT RECORD DU6 PLA DU7 LDA #24 ;OUTPUT ";" ,# OF BYTES AND SA DU8 PHA JSR SEMI ;SEMICOLON PLA STA COUNT ;SAVE # OF BYTES JSR OUTCK ;OUTPUT # OF BYTES LDA S1+1 ;OUTPUT ADDRESS JSR OUTCK LDA S1 JSR OUTCK ;OUTPUT DATA DU9 JSR OUTCKS ;GET CHAR SPEC BY S1 (NO PAG 0) LDA #0 ;CLEAR DISP PTR STA CURPO2 JSR ADDS1 ;INCR S1+1,S1 DEC COUNT ;DECREMENT BYTE COUNT BNE DU9 ;NOT DONE WITH THIS RECORD ;OUTPUT CKSUM LDA CKSUM+1 JSR OUTCK1 ;WITHOUT CHEKA LDA CKSUM JSR OUTCK1 JSR INCS2 ;INC VERTICAL COUNT JMP DU2 ;NEXT RECORD ;ALL DONE DU10 LDY #M5-M1 ;PRINT "MORE ?# JSR KEPR ;OUTPUT MSG AND GET AN ANSWER CMP #'Y' BNE *+5 JMP DU1 ;DUMP MORE DATA PLA ;RESTORE FLG STA BKFLG ;OUTPUT LAST RECORD JSR INCS2
0852 0853 0854 0855 0856 0857 0858 0859 0860 0861 0862 0863 0864 0865 0866 0867 0868 0869 0870 0871 0872 0873 0874 0875 0876 0877 0878 0879 0880 0881 0882 0883 0884 0885 0886 0887 0888 0889 0890 0891 0892 0893 0894 0895 0896 0897 0898 0899 0900 0901 0902 0903 0904 0905 0906 0907 0908 0909 0910 0911 0912 0913
E4EE E4F1 E4F3 E4F5 E4F8 E4FB E4FE E501 E504 E505 E507 E50A E50A E50D E50F E511 E514 E516 E518 E51A E51D E520 E523 E524 E526 E529 E52B E52E E531 E531 E531 E533 E535 E538 E538 E538 E53B E53C E53F E541 E543 E544 E547 E548 E54B E54B E54E E54F E550 E553 E556 E558 E55B E55C E55D E55D E55D E560 E562 E565 E566 E566
20 A2 A9 20 AD 20 AD 20 CA D0 20 AD C9 D0 AD C9 F0 A9 20 4C 20 18 A9 8D A9 8D 4C
BA 02 00 3B 07 3B 06 3B
E9 E5 01 E5 01 E5
F1 F0 E9 13 54 0F 37 01 08 00 8B 11 13 A4 A4
F1 E5 EA
00 0B A8 34 00 A8 FE E8
JSR SEMI ;OUTPUT ';' LDX #2 LDA #0 ;OUTPUT # OF BYTES (0-LAST RECORD) JSR OUTCK1 DU10A LDA S2+1 ;OUTPUT RECORD COUNT JSR OUTCK1 ;CHECKCUM IS THE SAME LDA S2 JSR OUTCK1 DEX BNE DU10A JSR CRLF ;CLOSE TAPE BLOCK IF ACTIVE DU11 LDA OUTFLG CMP #'T' BNE DU13 ;NO ,BRANCH DU12 LDA TAPTR2 ;TAP OUTPUT BUFF PTR CMP #1 ;BECAUSE FIRST ONE IS BLK CNT BEQ DU13 ;NO DATA TO WRITE LDA #0 ;FILL REST BUFF ZEROS JSR TOBYTE ;OUTPUT TO BUFF JMP DU12 ;FINISH THIS BLOCK DU13 JSR CRLOW CLC ;ENABLE INTERR LDA #T1I ;T1 FROM FREE RUNNING TO 1 SHOT STA ACR DU14 LDA #$34 ;SET BOTH TAPES ON STA DRB JMP LL ;GET CHAR SPECIFIED BY START ADDR (S1) OUTCKS LDA #S1 LDY #0 JSR LDAY ;ADD TO CHECKSUM AND PRINT OUTCK JSR CHEKA ;CHCKSUM OUTCK1 PHA LDA OUTFLG ;IF TAPE DO NOT CNVRT CMP #'T' ;TO TWO ASCII CHRS BNE OUTCK2 PLA JMP TOBYTE ;OUTPUT TO TAP BUFF OUTCK2 PLA JMP NUMA ;TWO ASCII REPRE CHEKAR JSR CHEKA PHA CLC ADC STA BCC INC PLA RTS RBYTE CKSUM CKSUM *+5 CKSUM+1 ;TWO ASCII CHR---> 1 BYTE ;ADD TO CHECKSUM
A9 1A A0 00 20 58 EB 20 48 AD C9 D0 68 4C 68 4C 20 48 18 6D 8D 90 EE 68 60 4E E5 13 A4 54 04 8B F1 46 EA FD E3 1E A4 1E A4 03 1F A4
EE 1A A4 D0 03 EE 1B A4 60 EE 06 01
;ADD ONE TO START ADDR (S1) ADDS1 INC S1 BNE ADD1 INC S1+1 ADD1 RTS INCS2 INC S2 ;INCR VERTICAL COUNT
0914 0915 0916 0917 0918 0919 0920 0921 0922 0923 0924 0925 0926 0927 0928 0929 0930 0931 0932 0933 0934 0935 0936 0937 0938 0939 0940 0941 0942 0943 0944 0945 0946 0947 0948 0949 0950 0951 0952 0953 0954 0955 0956 0957 0958 0959 0960 0961 0962 0963 0964 0965 0966 0967 0968 0969 0970 0971 0972 0973 0974 0975
E569 E56B E56E E56F E56F E56F E56F E571 E572 E575 E578 E57B E57E E581 E582 E584 E586 E587 E587 E587 E58A E58C E58F E58F E592 E595 E598 E598 E59B E59E E5A1 E5A4 E5A4 E5A7 E5AA E5AD E5B0 E5B3 E5B6 E5B8 E5B8 E5BA E5BD E5BD E5C0 E5C3 E5C6 E5C9 E5C9 E5CB E5CE E5D1 E5D1 E5D4 E5D4 E5D4 E5D7 E5DA E5DD E5E0 E5E3 E5E6
D0 03 EE 07 01 60
BNE *+5 INC S2+1 RTS ;OPEN A FILE FOR OUTPUT TO TAPE BY BLOCKS ;OUTPUT FILENAME GIVEN BY JSR WHEREO TO TAPE BUFF DUMPTA LDX #0 ;INITIALIZE TAPTR TXA ;TO OUTPUT STX BLKO ;BLOCK COUNTER STX TAPTR2 ;TAP OUTPUT BUFF PTR JSR TOBYTE ;TWO START OF FILE CHRS DUMPT1 LDA NAME,X ;OUTPUT FILENAME JSR TOBYTE INX CPX #5 BNE DUMPT1 ;5 FILENAME CHRS ? RTS ;DUMP ROUTINE TO TAPE WITH KIM-1 FORMAT DUMPKI JSR TAOSET ;SET TAPE FOR OUTPUT LDA #'*' ;TO EITHER 1 OR 2 JSR OUTTAP ;DIRECTLY TO TAPE ;ID FROM LAST 2 CHRS OF FILENAME JSR GETID JSR OUTCK1 JSR CLRCK ;STARTING ADDR LDA S1 JSR OUTCK ;WITH CHCKSUM LDA S1+1 JSR OUTCK ;OUTPUT DATA DUK2 JSR OUTCKS ;OUTPUT CHR SPECIFIED BY S1+1,S1 JSR ADDS1 ;INCREM S1+1,S1 LDA S1 ;CHCK FOR LAST BYTE CMP ADDR ;LSB OF END ADDR LDA S1+1 SBC ADDR+1 BCC DUK2 ;NEXT CHR ;NOW SEND END CHR "/" LDA #'/' JSR OUTTAP ;DIRECTLY TO TAPE ;CHECKSUM LDA CKSUM JSR NUMA ;ASCII REPRES LDA CKSUM+1 JSR NUMA ;TWO EOT CHRS LDA #$04 JSR OUTTAP JSR OUTTAP ;TURN TAPES ON JMP DU13 ;***** * COMMAND-ALTER CGPC JSR ADDIN CGPC0 JSR CGPC1 JMP CRLOW CGPC1 LDA ADDR+1 STA SAVPC+1 LDA ADDR STA SAVPC PROGRAM COUNTER ***** ;ADDR <=ADDRESS ENTERED FROM KB ;TRANSFER ADDR TO SAVPC ;THIS WAY MNEMONICS CAN USE IT
A2 8A 8E 8E 20 BD 20 E8 E0 D0 60
00 68 37 8B 2E 8B 05 F5 01 A4 F1 A4 F1
20 1D F2 A9 2A 20 4A F2 20 25 E4 20 3B E5 20 4D EB AD 20 AD 20 20 20 AD CD AD ED 90 1A 38 1B 38 31 5D 1A 1C 1B 1D EC A4 E5 A4 E5 E5 E5 A4 A4 A4 A4
A9 2F 20 4A F2 AD 20 AD 20 1E 46 1F 46 A4 EA A4 EA
A9 04 20 4A F2 20 4A F2 4C 20 E5 20 20 4C AD 8D AD 8D AE DD 13 1D 26 1C 25 EA E5 EA A4 A4 A4 A4
0976 0977 0978 0979 0980 0981 0982 0983 0984 0985 0986 0987 0988 0989 0990 0991 0992 0993 0994 0995 0996 0997 0998 0999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037
E5E9 E5EA E5EA E5EA E5EC E5EE E5EE E5EE E5F0 E5F2 E5F2 E5F2 E5F4 E5F6 E5F6 E5F6 E5F8 E5FA E5FA E5FA E5FC E5FF E602 E604 E607 E608 E60B E60D E60D E60D E610 E612 E615 E618 E61B E61B E61B E61D E620 E623 E626 E627 E629 E62B E62D E62F E632 E634 E635 E636 E639 E63A E63C E63F E640 E643 E646 E649 E64C E64D E64D E64D
60 A2 00 F0 0E A2 01 D0 0A A2 02 D0 06 A2 03 D0 02 A2 20 20 B0 9D 60 20 D0 20 A0 20 20 4C A0 20 20 20 38 E9 30 C9 30 20 D0 0A 48 20 68 B0 20 AA AD 9D AD 9D 60 04 D8 E7 5D EA 04 20 A4 D4 E7 EF 3E 04 CD DB 4D E8 E2 E2 E2
RTS ;***** P COMMAND-ALTER PROCESSOR STATUS ***** CGPS LDX #0 BEQ CGALL ;***** A COMMAND-ALTER ACCUMULATOR ***** CGA LDX #1 BNE CGALL ;***** X COMMAND-ALTER X REGISTER ***** CGX LDX #2 BNE CGALL ;***** Y COMMAND-ALTER Y REGISTER ***** CGY LDX #3 BNE CGALL ;***** S COMMAND-ALTER STACK POINTER ***** CGS LDX #4 CGALL JSR EQUAL ;PRINT PROMPT JSR RD2 ;GET VALUE FROM KEYBOARD BCS GOERR STA SAVPS,X RTS GOERR JSR QM BNE CGALL ;***** <SPACE> COMMAND-SHOW NEXT 5 MEMORY LOC ***** NXT5 JSR BLANK LDY #4 ;UPDATE ADDR FROM JSR NXTADD ;<M>=XXXX JSR WRITAZ ;OUTPUT ADDRESS JMP MEIN ;DISPLAY CONTENTS OF NEXT 4 LOCS ;***** B COMMAND-SET BREAKPOINT ADDR ***** BRKA LDY #M8-M1 ;PRINT "BRK" JSR KEP BRK1 JSR PSL1 ;PRINT "/" JSR REDOUT ;GET BREAK NUMBER SEC SBC #'0' ;0 THRU 3 BMI BKERR ;CHARACTER < '0' -ILLEGAL CMP #4 ;FOUR BRK POINTS BMI BKOK ;0 < CHARACTER < 4 -OK BKERR JSR QM ;ERROR BNE BRK1 ;ALLOW REENTRY OF BREAK NUMBER BKOK ASL A ;*2 TO FORM WORD OFFSET PHA ;SAVE IT JSR ADDIN ;GET ADDRESS FOR BREAKPOINT PLA BCS BKO2 ;BAD ADDRESS ENTERED JSR PATC18 ;<CR> & CLR BUFFERS TAX ;# OF BRK LDA ADDR ;STORE ENTERED ADDR IN BRKPT LIST STA BKS,X LDA ADDR+1 STA BKS+1,X BKO2 RTS ;ALL DONE ;***** ? COMMAND-SHOW CURRENT BREAKPOINTS ***** SHOW LDY #0
27 AF E7 37 E8 73 E9 30 04 04 05 D4 E7 EC AE EA 10 3D FF 1C 00 1D 01 A4 01 A4 01
A0 00
1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099
E64F E652 E655 E658 E65B E65E E65F E660 E662 E664 E665 E665 E665 E665 E667 E66A E66D E670 E673 E676 E679 E67C E67F E682 E685 E687 E688 E688 E688 E689 E68A E68C E68E E690 E693 E694 E694 E694 E694 E697 E69A E69C E69E E6A1 E6A3 E6A5 E6A8 E6AB E6AC E6AF E6B1 E6B3 E6B6 E6B8 E6BA E6BD E6BD E6BD E6C0 E6C2 E6C5 E6C7
20 20 BE B9 20 C8 C8 C0 D0 60
13 3E 00 01 42 08 EE
EA E8 01 01 EA
SH1
JSR JSR LDX LDA JSR INY INY CPY BNE RTS
CRLOW BLANK BKS,Y BKS+1,Y WRAX #8 SH1
;ADDRESS OF NEXT BREAKPOINT ;SHOW BREAKPOINT ADDRESS
A2 8E AC 20 20 B9 20 B9 20 20 CE D0 60 C8 C8 C0 D0 A0 8C 60
05 29 14 13 3E 2E 46 2F 46 88 29 E3
A4 A4 EA E8 A4 EA A4 EA E6 A4
;***** H COMMAND-SHOW TRACE STACK HISTORY ***** ;LAST FIVE INSTR ADDRS SHIS LDX #5 ;NUMBER OF ENTRIES STX STIY+2 SH11 LDY HISTP ;POINTER TO LATEST ENTRY JSR CRLOW JSR BLANK LDA HIST,Y ;OUTPUT ADDRESS OF ENTRY JSR NUMA LDA HIST+1,Y JSR NUMA JSR NHIS ;UPDATE POINTER DEC STIY+2 BNE SH11 RTS ;UPDATE HISTORY POINTER (PART OF H) NHIS INY INY CPY #10 BNE NH1 LDY #0 ;WRAPAROUND AT 10 NH1 STY HISTP RTS ;***** 3 COMMAND-VERIFY TAPES ***** ;VERIFY CKSUM OF BLOCKS VECKSM JSR WHEREI ;GET THE FILE JSR INALL ;CHCK OBJ OR SOURCE CMP #CR ;FIRST CHR IS <CR> IF OBJ BNE VECK2 ;ASSUME SOURCE CODE VECK1 JSR INALL ;OBJECT FILE CMP #SEMICOLON BNE VECK1 ;IGNORE ALL CHARS BEFORE ';' JSR INALL JMP PAT20 NOP VECK2 JSR INALL ;IT IS TEXT CMP #CR BNE VECK2 JSR INALL ;NEED TO <CR> TO FINISH CMP #CR BNE VECK2 JMP DU13 ;CLOSE FILE, IT IS OKAY ;***** 1 COMMAND-TOGGLE TAPE 1 CONTROL ***** TOGTA1 LDA DRB EOR #$10 ;INVERT PB4 STA DRB AND #$10 BEQ BRK3 ;IF 0 TAPE CNTRL IS ON
0A 02 00 14 A4
20 20 C9 D0 20 C9 D0 20 4C EA 20 C9 D0 20 C9 D0 4C AD 49 8D 29 F0
48 93 0D 0E 93 3B F9 93 60
E8 E9 E9 E9 FF
93 E9 0D F9 93 E9 0D F2 20 E5 00 A8 10 00 A8 10 28
1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161
E6C9 E6CB E6CB E6CB E6CE E6D0 E6D3 E6D5 E6D7 E6D9 E6D9 E6D9 E6D9 E6DB E6DD E6DD E6DD E6DD E6DF E6E1 E6E1 E6E1 E6E3 E6E5 E6E5 E6E5 E6E7 E6E7 E6EA E6EC E6EE E6F1 E6F3 E6F6 E6F7 E6FA E6FC E6FE E6FE E6FE E700 E702 E705 E706 E708 E70A E70A E70A E70C E70F E712 E714 E717 E71A E71D E720 E723 E726 E729 E72B E72E E731
D0 2F AD 49 8D 29 F0 D0 00 A8 20 00 A8 20 1A 21
BNE BRK4
;IF $10 TAPE CNTRL IS OFF
;***** 2 COMMAND-TOGGLE TAPE 2 CONTROL ***** TOGTA2 LDA DRB EOR #$20 ;INVERT PB5 STA DRB AND #$20 BEQ BRK3 BNE BRK4 ;***** V COMMAND-TOGGLE REGISTER DISP FLG ***** ;DISPLAY REGIST BEFORE EXEC REGT LDX #REGF BNE TOGL ;****** Z COMMAND-TOGGLE DIS TRACE FLG ***** ;DISPL NEXT INSTR BEFORE EXEC TRACE LDX #DISFLG BNE TOGL ;***** \ COMMAND-TOGGLE PRINTER FLAG ***** PRITR LDX #PRIFLG BNE TOGL ;***** 4 COMMAND-TOGGLE SOFT BRK ENABL FLG ***** BRKK LDX #BKFLG TOGL LDA BEQ LDA STA LDY JMP SEC ROR LDY BNE MONRAM,X TOGL1 #0 MONRAM,X #M7-M1 KEP MONRAM,X #M6-M1 BRK2 ;LOAD FLAG ;FLAG IS OFF ,SO TURN ON ;FLAG IS ON ,SO TURN OFF ;PRINT "OFF" ;TURN FLAG ON BY SETTING NON-ZERO ;FLAG IS ON MSB ;PRINT "ON"
A2 0E D0 0A
A2 0F D0 06 A2 11 D0 02 A2 10 BD F0 A9 9D A0 4C 38 7E A0 D0 A9 A2 9D CA 10 30 A9 20 20 B0 20 20 20 20 4C 20 20 F0 20 AD 38 00 A4 0A 00 00 A4 24 AF E7 00 A4 21 F5 00 07 00 01 FA E7 2A 7A AE F6 D7 37 85 24 2B 07 90 17 6C 25
BRK3 BRK2 TOGL1 BRK4
;***** # COMMAND-CLEAR ALL BREAKS ***** CLRBK LDA #0 ;STORE ZEROS INTO BRKPT LIST LDX #7 RS20 STA BKS,X DEX BPL RS20 BMI BRK3 ;PRINT "OFF" ;***** K COMMAND-DISASSEMBLE MEMORY ***** KDISA LDA #'*' ;GET START ADDRESS JSR OUTPUT JSR ADDIN BCS KDISA ;IF ERROR DO IT AGAIN JSR CGPC0 ;GET IT INTO PROG CNTR JSR PSL1 ;PRINT "/" JSR GCNT ;GET COUNT JSR CRCK JMP JD2 JD1 JSR RCHEK ;SEE IF HE WANTS TO INTERRUPT JSR DONE BEQ JD4 JD2 JSR DISASM ;GO TO DISASSEMBLER LDA SAVPC ;POINT TO NEXT INSTRUC LOCAT SEC ;ONE MORE TO PROG CNTR
E9 EA E5 E8 E7 EA E7 E9 E7 F4 A4
1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1178 1179 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220
E732 E734 E737 E739 E73C E73F E742 E743 E743 E743 E749 E74B E74F E752 E752 E756 E756 E75C E762 E764 E76A E76B E76B E76D E770 E771 E774 E776 E779 E77C E77E E77F E780 E781 E783 E784 E785 E785 E785 E788 E78A E78C E78F E790 E790 E790 E790 E793 E795 E797 E798 E799 E79B E79C E79F E7A0 E7A2 E7A3 E7A3 E7A5 E7A7 E7A7
65 8D 90 EE 20 4C 60
EA 25 03 26 24 23
A4 A4 EA E7 JD3 JD4
ADC STA BCC INC JSR JMP RTS
LENGTH SAVPC JD3 SAVPC+1 CRCK JD1
;<CR>
;INITIALIZATION TABLE FOR 6522 340037FF25FFINTAB1 .DB $34,$00,$37,$FF,$25,$FF,$25,$FF 25FF FF FF 00 00 .DB $FF,$FF,$00,T1I+T2I E1 FF 7F .DB MOFF+PRST+SP12,$FF,$7F ;INITIALIZATION TABLE FOR 6532 FF FF 00 00 INTAB2 .DB $FF,$FF,$00,$00 ;INITIALIZATION TABLE FOR MONITOR RAM 7BE054E105EFINTAB3 .DW NMIV3,IRQV3,OUTDIS C70802CA0380 .DB $C7,$08,$02,$CA,$03,$80,$00,$00 0000 00800D0D0000 .DB $00,$80,$0D,$0D,$00,$00,$00 00 ;SEE IF WE HIT A SOFT BREAKPOINT (PART OF NMV3) A2 07 CKB LDX #7 ;COMPARE BRKPT LIST TO TRAP ADDR BD 00 01 CKB2 LDA BKS,X ;GET ADDRESS OF NEXT BREAKPOINT CA DEX CD 26 A4 CMP SAVPC+1 ;COMPARE TO SAVED PROGRAM COUNTER D0 0A BNE CKB1 BD 00 01 LDA BKS,X CD 25 A4 CMP SAVPC D0 02 BNE CKB1 ;NO MATCH SO TRY NEXT BREAKPOINT 38 SEC ;MATCH-SET MATCH FLAG 60 RTS CA CKB1 DEX 10 EA BPL CKB2 ;MORE TO GO 18 CLC ;NO MATCH -RESET MATCH FLAG 60 RTS 20 90 49 8D 60 5D EA 02 0C 19 A4 ;GET # OF LINES COUNT FOR GO-COMMAND,LIST-COMM GCNT JSR RD2 BCC GCN1 EOR #$0C ;<SPACE>---> $2C ,<CR>---> $01 GCN1 STA COUNT RTS ;CHECK IF COUNT HAS REACHED ZERO ;COUNT=$2C MEANS FOREVER DONE LDA COUNT ;IF COUNT=0 WE ARE DONE CMP #$2C ;THIS MEANS FOR EVER BEQ DON1 ;SET ACC DIFF FROM ZERO SED ;DECREMENT COUNT IN DECIMAL SEC SBC #1 CLD STA COUNT RTS DON1 LDA #$2C RTS FROM TO LDY #0 BEQ TO1 LDY #M3-M1 ;PRINT "FR=" ;PRINT "TO="
AD C9 F0 F8 38 E9 D8 8D 60 A9 60
19 A4 2C 09 01 19 A4 2C
A0 00 F0 02 A0 05
1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282
E7A9 E7AC E7AF E7AF E7AF E7B2 E7B3 E7B5 E7B8 E7B9 E7BA E7BC E7BD E7BD E7BD E7BD E7C0 E7C2 E7C5 E7C8 E7CA E7CC E7CF E7D1 E7D4 E7D4 E7D6 E7D8 E7D8 E7DA E7DC E7DC E7DC E7DC E7DF E7E1 E7E4 E7E7 E7EA E7EC E7EE E7F0 E7F3 E7F6 E7F9 E7FA E7FB E7FE E7FF E802 E805 E807 E809 E80B E80D E80F E811 E814 E816 E817 E819 E81C
20 AF E7 4C B1 EA B9 48 29 20 C8 68 10 60 00 E0 7F 7A E9 F3
TO1
JSR KEP JMP ADDNE
;GET ADDRESS
;PRINT MSG POINTED TO BY Y REG KEP LDA M1,Y PHA AND #$7F ;STRIP OFF MSB JSR OUTPUT INY PLA BPL KEP ;MSB =1 ? RTS ;PRINT "*" ,BUT NOT TO TAPE RECORDER, NOR LOADING.... ;PAPER TAPE OR TO DISPLAY PROMPT LDA INFLG ;WHICH DEV (FOR EDITOR) CMP #'T' ;NO PROMPT IF "T" OR "L" JMP PATC11 PROMP1 JSR TTYTST ;PROMPT ONLY TO TTY BNE PR2 ;BRANCH ON KB LDA #'*' PR1 JMP OUTPUT ;ONLY TO TERMIN PR2 LDA #CR ;CLR DISP JMP OUTDIS QM EQUAL LDA #'?' BNE PR1 LDA #'=' BNE PR1 ;PRINT "?" ;PRINT "="
AD C9 4C 20 D0 A9 4C A9 4C
12 54 EF 42 05 2A 7A 0D 05
A4 FE E8 E9 EF
A9 3F D0 F4 A9 3D D0 F0
20 F0 20 CE AE E0 B0 A9 20 CE 4C EA EA 20 CA 20 AD C9 90 C9 90 A0 E9 4C A0 38 E9 4C A0
42 56 9E 15 15 14 0D 20 02 15 02
E8 EB A4 A4
EF A4 E8
F8 FE 2F EF 15 A4 15 13 29 07 28 28 1E E8 14 14 1E E8 00
;ON DELETE KEY OUTPUT SLASH IF TTY & .... ;BACK UP CURSOR IF KB (MAY NEED SCROLLING) PSLS JSR TTYTST ;TTY OR KB ? BEQ PSL1 ;BRANCH ON TTY JSR PHXY ;SAVE X,Y DEC CURPO2 ;DECR DISP PNTR LDX CURPO2 CPX #20 ;IF MORE THAN 20 JUST SCROLL THEM BCS PSL0 LDA #' ' ;< 20 ,SO CLR CUR JSR OUTDP1 DEC CURPO2 JMP PSL00 NOP NOP PSL0 JSR PATC12 ;CLR PRIFLG DEX ;ONE CHR LESS JSR OUTD2A ;SCROLL THEM PSL00 LDA CURPO2 ;DISBUF---> PRIBUFF CMP #21 BCC PSL0B CMP #41 BCC PSL0A LDY #40 ;CHR 40-59 SBC #40 JMP PSL0C PSL0A LDY #20 ;CHR 20-39 SEC SBC #20 JMP PSL0C PSL0B LDY #0 ;CHR 00-19
1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344
E81E E821 E823 E826 E829 E82A E82B E82E E830 E833 E836 E837 E839 E83B E83B E83E E840 E842 E842 E842 E844 E847 E848 E848 E848 E848 E84A E84D E850 E852 E854 E856 E859 E85C E85E E860 E862 E865 E868 E86A E86C E86D E870 E871 E871 E871 E871 E873 E876 E879 E879 E87B E87D E87F E882 E885 E887 E889 E88B E88E E88E E890
8D A2 B9 9D E8 C8 EC 90 20 20 60 A9 D0
16 A4 00 38 A4 60 A4 16 A4 F3 38 F0 AC EB 2F 91
PSL0C PSL0D
PSL1
STA LDX LDA STA INX INY CPX BCC JSR JSR RTS LDA BNE
CURPOS #0 DIBUFF,Y IBUFM,X CURPOS PSL0D OUTPR PLXY #'/' PR1
;TRANSFER THEM
;PRI PNTR ;CLR PRI BUFF TO THE RIGHT ;RESTORE X,Y ;PRINT "/" ;TWO SPACES
20 3E E8 A9 20 D0 8A A9 08 2C 00 A8 60
BLANK2 JSR BLANK BLANK LDA #' ' BNE PR1
;CHECK TTY/KBD SWITCH (Z=1 FOR TTY) TTYTST LDA #$08 ;CHECK IF TTY OR KB BIT DRB ;TTY OR KB SWICTH =PB3 RTS ;WHERE IS INPUT COMING FROM? ;SET UP FOR INPUT ACTIVE DEVICE WHEREI LDY #M9-M1 ;PRINT "IN" JSR KEPR ;OUTPUT MSG AND INPUT CHR STA INFLG CMP #'T' BNE WHE1 LDX #0 ;FOR INPUT FILE FLG JSR FNAM ;OPEN FILE FOR TAPE (1 OR 2) JMP LOADTA ;GET FILE WHE1 CMP #'K' ;TAPE WITH KIM FORMAT BNE WHE2 LDX #0 ;FOR INPUT FILE FLG JSR FNAM ;OPEN FILE FOR TAP (1 OR 2) JMP LOADKI ;THE WHOLE FILE WHE2 CMP #'U' ;USER RTN? BNE WHE3 CLC ;SET FLG FOR INITIALIZATION JMP (UIN) ;USER INPUT SETUP WHE3 RTS ;WHERE IS OUTPUT GOING TO? ;SET UP FOR OUTPUT ACTIVE DEVICE WHEREO LDY #M10-M1 ;PRINT "OUT" JSR KEPR ;OUTPUT MSG & INPUT CHR STA OUTFLG ;DEVICE FLG ;TAPES CMP #'T' BNE WHRO1 LDX #1 ;FOR OUTPUT FILE FLG JSR FNAM ;FILENAME & TAPE (1 OR 2) JMP DUMPTA ;INITIALIZE FILE WHRO1 CMP #'K' ;TAPE WITH KIM FORMAT BNE WHRO2 LDX #1 ;FOR OUTPUT FILE FLG JMP FNAM ;PRINTER WHRO2 CMP #'P' ;PRINTER? BNE WHRO3
A0 20 8D C9 D0 A2 20 4C C9 D0 A2 20 4C C9 D0 18 6C 60
2A 70 12 54 08 00 A2 2F 4B 08 00 A2 A4 55 04
E9 A4
E8 E3
E8 E3
08 01
A0 2D 20 70 E9 8D 13 A4 C9 D0 A2 20 4C C9 D0 A2 4C 54 08 01 A2 E8 6F E5 4B 05 01 A2 E8
C9 50 D0 05
1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406
E892 E894 E897 E897 E899 E89B E89C E89F E89F E8A2 E8A2 E8A2 E8A5 E8A8 E8AA E8AD E8AF E8B1 E8B3 E8B4 E8B6 E8B8 E8BA E8BC E8BF E8C2 E8C5 E8C8 E8CB E8CE E8CF E8CF E8CF E8D1 E8D4 E8D6 E8D9 E8DB E8DD E8DF E8E1 E8E4 E8E5 E8E7 E8E9 E8E9 E8EB E8ED E8EF E8F2 E8F3 E8F5 E8F8 E8F8 E8F8 E8FA E8FD E8FE E8FE E8FE E901 E901
A9 0D 4C 00 F0 C9 55 D0 04 18 6C 0A 01 4C 13 EA 20 20 A0 20 C9 D0 A9 38 E9 30 C9 30 20 4C 20 9D 20 20 60 A0 20 A0 20 C9 F0 C9 F0 99 C8 C0 D0 A9 C0 F0 99 C8 D0 4C 9E EB CF E8 50 70 E9 0D 02 31 31 04 02 06 D4 A8 AC 34 83 24
LDA #CR JMP OUTPRI ;USER SET UP WHRO3 CMP #'U' BNE WHRO4 CLC JMP (UOUT) ;ANY OTHER WHRO4 JMP CRLOW
;OUTPUT LAST LINE IF ON ;& CLEAR PRINTER PTR ;USR RTN? ;CLR FLG FOR INITIALIZATION ;USER OUTPUT SETUP
E7 E8 EB A4 FE EA
;GET FILE NAME & TAPE UNIT FNAM JSR PHXY ;SAVE IN/OUT FLG (X) JSR NAMO ;GET NAME WHICHT LDY #TMSG2-M1 ;PRINT "T=" JSR KEPR ;OUTPUT MSG & INPUT CHR CMP #CR BNE TAP1 LDA #'1' ;<CR> ==> TAPE 1 TAP1 SEC SBC #'1' ;SUBTRACT 31 BMI TAP2 ;ONLY 1,2 OK CMP #2 BMI TAP3 ;OK TAP2 JSR QM ;ERROR JMP WHICHT TAP3 JSR PLXY ;IN/OUT FLG STA TAPIN,X ;IF X=0 --> TAPIN (TAPE 1 OR 2) JSR CUREAD ;GET ANYTHING JSR CRCK ;<CR> RTS ;IF X=1 --> TAPOUT (TAPE 1 OR 2) ;GET FILE NAME NAMO LDY #TMSG1-M1 JSR KEP LDY #0 NAMO1 JSR RDRUP CMP #CR BEQ NAMO2 CMP #' ' BEQ NAMO2 STA NAME,Y INY CPY #5 BNE NAMO1 ;BLANK REST OF NAME NAMO2 LDA #' ' NAMO3 CPY #5 BEQ NAMO4 STA NAME,Y INY BNE NAMO3 NAMO4 JMP BLANK ;PRINT "F=" ;NO CRLF ;GET CHAR ;DONE?
4D AF E7 00 5F E9 0D 0C 20 08 2E A4 05 ED 20 05 06 2E A4 F6 3E E8
;STORE
A9 0D 8D 12 A4 60 20 F8 E8
;SET INPUT FROM TERMINAL (KB OR TTY) INLOW LDA #CR STA INFLG RTS ;SET I/O TO TERMINAL (KB & D/P ,OR TTY) LL JSR INLOW ;SET OUTPUT TO TERMINAL (D/P OR TTY)
1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468
E901 E903 E906 E907 E907 E907 E907 E90A E90C E90F E910 E912 E914 E917 E919 E91B E91D E91F E922 E923 E925 E926 E928 E92B E92D E930 E933 E935 E937 E939 E93B E93C E93C E93C E93F E942 E944 E947 E94A E94D E950 E952 E954 E956 E959 E95C E95C E95C E95F E962 E964 E966 E968 E96A E96A E96B E96D E96E E970 E970 E970 E973
A9 0D 8D 13 A4 60
OUTLOW LDA #CR STA OUTFLG OUTL1 RTS ;ON <ESCAPE> STOPS EXECUTION & BACK TO MONITOR ;ON <SPACE> STOPS EXECUTION & CONTINUE ON ANY OTHER KEY RCHEK JSR TTYTST ;TTY OR KB ? BEQ RCHTTY JSR ROONEK ;CLR MSK & GET A KEY DEY BMI RCH3 ;RTN ON NO KEY LDX #0 JSR GETK2 ;GET THE KEY CMP #ESCAPE BEQ REA1 ;TO COMMAN & SET I/O TO TERMINAL CMP #' ' ;WAIT KEY BNE RCH3 ;RTN, IGNORE OTHER KEYS RCH2 JSR ROONEK ;WAIT TILL HE RELEASE IT & DEY ;QUIT WAITING ON NEXT KEY BMI RCH2 RCH3 RTS RCHTTY BVS RCHT1 ;TTI=PB6 ---> V (OVERFL FLG) RCHT2 BIT DRB ;WAIT TILL HE RELEASE IT BVC RCHT2 JSR DELAY JSR GETTTY ;GET A CHAR CMP #ESCAPE BEQ REA1 ;TO COMMAN CMP #' ' BNE RCHT2 RCHT1 RTS ;QUIT WAITING ON ANY KEY ;READ ONE CHAR FROM KB/TTY & PRESERVE X,Y READ JSR PHXY ;PUSH X & Y JSR TTYTST ;TTY OR KB ? BNE READ1 JSR GETTTY JMP READ2 READ1 JSR GETKEY READ2 JSR PLXY ;PULL X & Y AND #$7F ;STRIP PARITY CMP #ESCAPE BNE RCHT1 ;RTN REA1 JSR PATC18 ;<CR> & CLR BUFFERS JMP COMIN ;BOTH I/O TO TERMINAL ;READ WITH RUBOUT OR DELETE POSSIBLE RB2 JSR PSLS ;SLASH OR BACK SPACE RDRUP JSR CUREAD CMP #RUB ;RUBOUT BEQ RDR1 CMP #$7F ;ALSO DELETE BNE RED2 ;ECHO IF NOT <CR> ;RUBOUT TO DELETE CHAR RDR1 DEY BPL RB2 INY BEQ RDRUP ;OUTPUT MESSAGE THEN INPUT CHR KEPR JSR KEP
20 F0 20 88 30 A2 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 20 88 30 60 70 2C 50 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 60 20 20 D0 20 4C 20 20 29 C9 D0 20 4C 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0
42 E8 1A EF EC 13 00 82 EC 1B 3B 20 06 EF EC FA 13 00 A8 FB 0F EC DB EB 1B 1F 20 ED
9E 42 06 DB 4D 40 AC 7F 1B E5 3D A1
EB E8 EB E9 EC EB
FF E1
DC E7 83 FE 08 04 7F 0C
88 10 EF C8 F0 EF 20 AF E7
1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530
E973 E973 E976 E978 E97A E97A E97A E97B E97E E980 E982 E983 E986 E989 E98B E98C E98F E990 E993 E993 E993 E996 E998 E99A E99D E99F E9A1 E9A4 E9A6 E9A8 E9AB E9AD E9AF E9B0 E9B3 E9B5 E9B7 E9BA E9BA E9BA E9BC E9BC E9BD E9C0 E9C0 E9C2 E9C4 E9C5 E9C8 E9C8 E9CA E9CC E9CD E9D0 E9D0 E9D2 E9D4 E9D5 E9D8 E9D9 E9DA E9DD
20 83 FE C9 0D F0 C1 48 AD 29 F0 68 4C 20 D0 68 4C 68 4C AD C9 D0 4C C9 D0 4C C9 D0 4C C9 D0 38 6C C9 D0 4C
;READ AND ECHO A CHAR FROM KB OR TTY REDOUT JSR CUREAD RED2 CMP #CR BEQ RCHT1 ;DO NOT ECHO <CR> ;OUTPUTS A OUTPUT PHA OUT1 LDA AND BEQ PLA JMP OUT1A JSR BNE PLA JMP OUT2 PLA JMP CHAR TO EITHER TTY OR D/P ;SAVE IT PRIFLG ;IF LSB=1 OUTPUT ONLY TO DISP #$01 OUT1A OUTDP1 TTYTST OUT2 OUTTTY OUTDP ;ONLY TO DISPL ;TTY OR KB ? ;TO TTY ;TO DISP & PRINTR
11 A4 01 04 02 EF 42 E8 04 A8 EE FC EE 12 54 03 3B 4B 03 29 4D 03 D0 55 04 A4 ED EE FA
08 01 4C A8 DB EB
;GET A CHR FROM CURRENT INPUT DEVICE (SET ON INFLG) INALL LDA INFLG CMP #'T' BNE *+5 JMP TIBYTE ;CHAR FROM BUFFER CMP #'K' ;WITH KIM FORMAT BNE *+5 JMP GETTAP ;DIRECTLY FROM TAPE CMP #'M' ;MEMORY FOR ASM? BNE *+5 JMP MREAD CMP #'U' ;USER ROUTINE? BNE *+6 SEC ;SET FLG FOR NORMAL INPUT JMP (UIN) CMP #'L' ;TO LOAD PPR TAPE BNE RDRUP JMP GETTTY ; FROM TTY ;.FILE SEMI ;WRITE OUTALL A2 LDA #SEMICOLON A CHR TO OUTPUT PHA LDA OUTFLG ;TAPE BY BLOCKS CMP #'T' BNE OUTA1 PLA JMP TOBYTE ;TAPE KIM FORMAT OUTA1 CMP #'K' BNE OUTA2 PLA JMP OUTTAP ;PRINTER OUTA2 CMP #'P' BNE OUTA3 SEC ROR PRIFLG PLA PHP JSR OUTPRI PLP ;OUTPUT A ";" DEVICE (SET ON OUTFLG)
A9 3B 48 AD 13 A4 C9 54 D0 04 68 4C 8B F1 C9 4B D0 04 68 4C 4A F2 C9 D0 38 6E 68 08 20 28 50 0E 11 A4 00 F0
;TAPES ? ;OUTPUT ONE CHAR TO TAPE BUFFER ;KIM-1 ?
;PRINTER ? ;TURN PRINTER ON
1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592
E9DE E9E1 E9E2 E9E2 E9E4 E9E6 E9E7 E9EA E9EA E9EC E9EE E9EF E9F0 E9F0 E9F0 E9F0 E9F2 E9F5 E9F8 E9FA E9FD E9FF EA01 EA03 EA05 EA07 EA09 EA0B EA0E EA10 EA13 EA13 EA13 EA14 EA17 EA18 EA1B EA1E EA1F EA22 EA23 EA24 EA24 EA24 EA24 EA24 EA27 EA29 EA2B EA2C EA2F EA31 EA31 EA34 EA36 EA38 EA3B EA3D EA40 EA41 EA42 EA42
2E 11 A4 60 C9 55 D0 04 38 6C 0A 01 C9 58 D0 8D 68 60
ROL PRIFLG ;RESTORE FLG RTS ;USER DEFINED OUTA3 CMP #'U' ;USER ROUTINE? BNE OUTA4 SEC ;SET FLG FOR NORMAL OUTPUT JMP (UOUT) ;YES ;NOWHERE OR TO TTY ,D/P OUTA4 CMP #'X' ;EAT IT? BNE OUT1 ;OUTPUT TO TTY OR D/P PLA RTS ;THIS ROUTINE OUTPUTS A CRLF TO ANY OUTPUT DEV ;LF AND NULL IS SENT ONLY TO TTY CRLF LDA #CR JSR OUTALL JSR TTYTST ;TTY OR KB ? BNE CR2J LDA OUTFLG ;LF ONLY TO TTY CMP #'T' BEQ CR2J CMP #'K' BEQ CR2J CMP #'P' BEQ CR2J LDA #LF JSR OUTALL LDA #NULLC JMP OUTALL ;CRLF TO TERMINAL (TTY OR D/P) ONLY CRLOW PHA ;SAVE A LDA OUTFLG PHA JSR OUTLOW JSR CRLF PLA STA OUTFLG PLA CR2J RTS ;OUTPUT <CR> TO TTY IF SWITCH ON TTY & INFLG NOT L ;DONT CLR DISPLAY BUT CLEARS PNTRS FOR NEXT LINE ;IF PRNTR HAS PRINTED ON 21RST CHR DONT OUTPUT <CR> CRCK LDA INFLG ;NO <CR> IF "L" CMP #'L' BNE CRCK1 RTS CRCK1 JSR TTYTST ;CHECK IF TTY OR KB BEQ CRLOW ;BRNCH IF TTY ;IF PRINTR PTR=0 ,DO NOT CLR PRI LDA CURPOS BEQ CRCK2 ;IF PTR=0 ,NO <CR> LDA #CR JSR OUTPRI CRCK2 LDA #CR+$80 ;<CR> ONLY FOR TV JMP OUTDP1 NOP NOP ;WRITE A THEN X IN ASCII TO THE OUTPUT DEV
A9 20 20 D0 AD C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 F0 A9 20 A9 4C 48 AD 48 20 20 68 8D 68 60
0D BC 42 29 13 54 22 4B 1E 50 1A 0A BC FF BC
E9 E8 A4
E9 E9
13 A4 01 E9 F0 E9 13 A4
AD C9 D0 60 20 F0 AD F0 A9 20 A9 4C EA EA
12 A4 4C 01 42 E8 E2 16 A4 05 0D 00 F0 8D 02 EF
1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654
EA42 EA45 EA46 EA46 EA46 EA47 EA48 EA49 EA4A EA4B EA4E EA4F EA51 EA52 EA54 EA56 EA58 EA5A EA5D EA5D EA5D EA5D EA60 EA62 EA64 EA66 EA68 EA6A EA6C EA6E EA70 EA73 EA75 EA78 EA7B EA7B EA7C EA7D EA7D EA7D EA7E EA80 EA83 EA84 EA84 EA84 EA86 EA88 EA8A EA8C EA8E EA90 EA92 EA94 EA96 EA97 EA98 EA99 EA9A EA9D EA9F EAA0
20 46 EA 8A 48 4A 4A 4A 4A 20 68 29 18 69 C9 90 69 4C
WRAX
JSR NUMA TXA BYTE=TWO ASCII CHARS TO OUTPUT DEVICE A A A A NOUT #$F #'0' #'9'+1 LT10 #6 OUTALL
51 EA 0F 30 3A 02 06 BC E9
;PRINT ONE NUMA PHA LSR LSR LSR LSR JSR PLA AND NOUT CLC ADC CMP BCC ADC LT10 JMP
;CARRY IS SET
20 C9 F0 C9 F0 C9 D0 A9 D0 20 B0 20 4C 38 60
73 0D 17 20 13 2E 04 20 0B 84 06 73 84
E9
EA E9 EA
;READ TWO CHR & PACK THEM INTO ONE BYTE ;PART OF ALTER MEMORY , / COMM RD2 JSR REDOUT CMP #CR ;<CR>? BEQ RSPAC CMP #' ' ;FOR MEMORY ALTER BEQ RSPAC CMP #'.' ;TREAT "." AS <SPACE> BNE RD1 LDA #' ' BNE RSPAC RD1 JSR PACK BCS RSPAC JSR REDOUT JMP PACK ;WAS SPACE OR <CR> RSPAC SEC RTS ;CONVERT ACC IN ASCII TO ACC IN HEX (4 MSB=0) HEX PHA ;SAVE A LDA #0 ;CLEAR STIY IF HEX STA STIY+2 ;BECAUSE ONLY ONCE PLA ;PACK TWO ASCII INTO ONE HEX (CALL SUBR TWO TIMES) ;RESULT IS GIVEN ON ACC WITH FIRST CHR INTO 4 MSB PACK CMP #'0' ;< 30 ? BCC RSPAC CMP #'F'+1 ; > 47 ? BCS RSPAC CMP #'9'+1 ; < $10 BCC PAK1 CMP #'A'-1 ; > $10 ? BCC RSPAC ADC #8 ;ADD 9 IF LETTER (C IS SET) PAK1 ROL A ;SHIFT A 4 TIMES ROL A ROL A ROL A STX CPIY+3 ;SAVE X LDX #4 PAK2 ROL A ;TRANSFER A TO STIY ROL STIY+2 ; THRU CARRY
48 A9 00 8D 29 A4 68 C9 90 C9 B0 C9 90 C9 90 69 2A 2A 2A 2A 8E A2 2A 2E 30 F3 47 EF 3A 06 40 E7 08
2D A4 04 29 A4
1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716
EAA3 EAA4 EAA6 EAA9 EAAC EAAD EAAE EAAE EAAE EAAE EAB1 EAB4 EAB5 EAB7 EABA EABC EABE EAC0 EAC2 EAC3 EAC5 EAC7 EAC8 EACB EACD EACF EAD1 EAD4 EAD7 EADA EADB EADC EADE EADF EAE0 EAE1 EAE2 EAE4 EAE5 EAE7 EAE8 EAEA EAED EAEE EAEF EAF1 EAF4 EAF7 EAF8 EAF9 EAFC EAFD EB00 EB03 EB04 EB05 EB07 EB09 EB0B EB0D EB10 EB13
CA D0 F9 AE 2D A4 AD 29 A4 18 60
DEX BNE PAK2 LDX CPIY+3 LDA STIY+2 CLC RTS
;REST X
20 AD 48 A0 20 C9 F0 C9 F0 C8 C0 90 68 8D C0 D0 A9 8D 8D 8C 18 60 A2 88 88 88 88 10 98 49 A8 A9 9D E8 88 10 AC 4C 98 18 6D A8 B9 9D C8 E8 E0 D0 A2 A0 B9 20 B0
D8 E7 15 A4 00 5F E9 0D 09 20 05 0B F0 2D 00 0D 02 1D 1E 1C 00 A4
A4 A4 A4
13 FF 30 1C A4 F7 2D A4 FD EA 2D A4 38 A4 1C A4 04 F4 01 00 1C A4 7D EA 16
;GET FOUR BYTE ADDR ,TAKE LAST FOUR CHR TO... ;CALCULATE ADDR .ALLOW DELETE ALSO ADDIN JSR EQUAL ADDNE LDA CURPO2 ;SAVE POSITION PHA LDY #0 ADDN1 JSR RDRUP CMP #CR BEQ ADDN2 CMP #' ' BEQ ADDN2 INY CPY #11 ;ALLOW 10 BCC ADDN1 ADDN2 PLA STA CPIY+3 ;SAVE CPY #0 ;IF FIRST CHR PUT DEFAULT VALUES BNE ADDN3 LDA #$02 STA ADDR+1 ;DEFAULT OF 0200 STA CKSUM ;DEFAULT STY ADDR CLC RTS ADDN3 LDX #0 DEY ;Y-4 DEY DEY DEY BPL ADDN5 ;BRANCH IF > 4 CHR TYA EOR #$FF TAY ;# OF LEADING 0 ADDN4 LDA #$30 STA ADDR,X INX DEY BPL ADDN4 LDY CPIY+3 ;NOW THE CHR JMP ADDN6 ADDN5 TYA ;PUT CHR CLC ADC CPIY+3 TAY ADDN6 LDA DIBUFF,Y ;FROM DISP BUFF STA ADDR,X INY INX CPX #4 BNE ADDN6 LDX #1 LDY #0 ;CNVRT CHR TO HEX ADDN7 LDA ADDR,Y JSR HEX BCS ADDN8
1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778
EB15 EB16 EB19 EB1A EB1D EB1F EB22 EB23 EB25 EB26 EB29 EB2A EB2B EB2E EB31 EB32 EB33 EB33 EB33 EB36 EB39 EB3B EB3E EB41 EB44 EB44 EB44 EB46 EB49 EB4C EB4D EB4D EB4D EB4F EB52 EB55 EB56 EB56 EB56 EB56 EB56 EB58 EB5B EB5C EB5F EB62 EB65 EB68 EB6B EB6D EB70 EB72 EB75 EB78 EB78 EB78 EB78 EB78 EB79 EB7C EB7F EB82
C8 B9 C8 20 B0 9D CA 10 E8 8E 18 60 20 20 38 60 20 20 A0 20 20 4C
1C A4 84 EA 0C 1C A4 E8 1E A4 94 E3 24 EA ADDN8
INY LDA INY JSR BCS STA DEX BPL INX STX CLC RTS JSR JSR SEC RTS
ADDR,Y PACK ADDN8 ADDR,X ADDN7 CKSUM CKER00 CRCK ;X=0 ;TO INDICATE WE GOT AN ADDR ;NO INVALID CHARS ;OUTPUT ERROR MSG ;<CR> ;SET CARRY FOR INVALID CHR ;PACK TWO CHRS INTO 1 BYTE ;BRCNH IF ERROR
24 CD 31 AF DB A1
EA E2 E7 E2 E1
;MEMORY FAIL TO WRITE MSG & SPECIFIC ADDRESS MEMERR JSR CRCK JSR NXTADD ;ADD Y TO ADDR+1,ADDR LDY #M11-M1 ;PRINT "MEM FAIL" JSR KEP ;FAIL MSG JSR WRITAZ ;PRINT ADDR+1 , ADDR JMP COMIN ;CLEAR DISPLAY & PRINTER POINTERS CLR LDA #0 STA CURPO2 ;DISP PNTR STA CURPOS ;PRINTR PNTR RTS ;CLEAR CKSUM CLRCK LDA #0 STA CKSUM+1 STA CKSUM RTS ;CODE FOR PAGE ZERO SIMULATION ;SUBR LDAY-SIMULATES LDA (N),Y INSTR WITHOUT PAG 0 ;BY PUTTING INDIR ADDR INTO RAM & THEN EXEC LDA NM,Y PCLLD LDA #SAVPC ;FOR DISASSEMBLER LDAY STY CPIY+3 ;SAVE Y TAY LDA MONRAM,Y ;MONRAM=MONITOR RAM STA LDIY+1 LDA MONRAM+1,Y STA LDIY+2 LDY CPIY+3 ;REST Y LDA #$B9 ;INST FOR LDA NM,Y STA LDIY LDA #$60 ;RTS STA LDIY+3 JMP LDIY ;START EXECUTING LDA (),Y ;SUBR STORE AT ADDR & CMP WITHOUT PAG 0 ;REPLACES STA (ADDR),Y & CMP (ADDR),Y ;LOOK THAT ADDR & ADDR+1 ARE NOT ON PAG 0 SADDR PHA LDA ADDR STA STIY+1 STA CPIY+1 LDA ADDR+1
A9 00 8D 15 A4 8D 16 A4 60 A9 00 8D 1F A4 8D 1E A4 60
A9 8C A8 B9 8D B9 8D AC A9 8D A9 8D 4C
25 2D A4 00 2B 01 2C 2D B9 2A 60 2D 2A A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
48 AD 8D 8D AD
1C 28 2B 1D
A4 A4 A4 A4
1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840
EB85 EB88 EB8B EB8D EB90 EB92 EB95 EB97 EB9A EB9B EB9E EB9E EB9E EBA1 EBA2 EBA3 EBA4 EBA5 EBA8 EBAB EBAC EBAC EBAC EBAC EBAC EBAF EBB2 EBB3 EBB4 EBB5 EBB6 EBB9 EBBA EBBA EBBA EBBB EBBD EBBE EBC1 EBC4 EBC7 EBC8 EBCB EBCC EBCD EBCE EBD0 EBD2 EBD5 EBD6 EBD9 EBDA EBDB EBDB EBDB EBDB EBDC EBDD EBDF EBE2 EBE5 EBE7
8D 8D A9 8D A9 8D A9 8D 68 4C
29 2C 99 27 D9 2A 60 2D
A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
27 A4
STA STA LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA PLA JMP
STIY+2 CPIY+2 #$99 STIY #$D9 CPIY #$60 LDIY+3 STIY
;STA INSTR ;CMP INSTR ;RTS ;START EXECUTING STA (),Y
8D 2D A4 98 48 8A 48 20 BA EB AD 2D A4 60
;PUSH X & Y WITHOUT CHANGING THE REGS PHXY STA CPIY+3 ;SAVE ACC TYA PHA ;PUSH Y TXA PHA ;PUSH X JSR SWSTAK ;SWAP X , Y WITH RTRN ADDR FROM S` LDA CPIY+3 RTS ;PULL X & Y WITHOUT CHANGING ACC ;IT HAS TO BE CALLED BY JSR & NOT BY JMP INSTR ;SINCE IT SWAPS THE STACK PLXY STA CPIY+3 JSR SWSTAK ;SWAP X , Y WITH RTRN ADDR FROM` PLA TAX ;PULL X PLA TAY ;PULL Y LDA CPIY+3 RTS ;SWAP STACK SWSTAK TSX LDA #2 SWST1 PHA LDA $0106,X LDY $0104,X STA $0104,X TYA STA $0106,X DEX PLA SEC SBC #1 BNE SWST1 LDA $0108,X TAY LDA $0107,X TAX RTS
8D 2D A4 20 BA EB 68 AA 68 A8 AD 2D A4 60 BA A9 48 BD BC 9D 98 9D CA 68 38 E9 D0 BD A8 BD AA 60
02 06 01 04 01 04 01 06 01
;GET PCH OR PCL ;GET Y OR X REGS
01 EB 08 01 07 01
;RESTORE Y & X FROM STACK
8A 48 A2 8E 2C 70 20
07 2A A4 00 A8 FB 0F EC
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;GET A CHAR FROM TTY SUBR INTO ACC ,SAVES X GETTTY TXA ;SAVE X PHA LDX #$07 ;SET UP FOR 8 BIT CNT STX CPIY ;CLR MSB GET1 BIT DRB ;A^M , PB6->V BVS GET1 ;WAIT FOR START BIT JSR DELAY ;DELAY 1 BIT
1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902
EBEA EBED EBF0 EBF2 EBF5 EBF8 EBFB EBFE EBFF EC01 EC04 EC07 EC08 EC09 EC0C EC0E EC0F EC0F EC0F EC12 EC15 EC18 EC1B EC1E EC20 EC22 EC23 EC23 EC23 EC23 EC26 EC27 EC2A EC2B EC2E EC31 EC32 EC35 EC38 EC38 EC38 EC3A EC3D EC40 EC40 EC40 EC40 EC40 EC43 EC46 EC46 EC48 EC4B EC4E EC4F EC51 EC53 EC55 EC56 EC57 EC58 EC5B
20 AD 29 4E 0D 8D 20 CA D0 20 20 68 AA AD 29 60 AD 8D AD 8D AD 29 F0 60
23 00 40 2A 2A 2A 0F
EC A8 A4 A4 A4 EC
GET3
EC 0F EC 23 EC 2A A4 7F
JSR LDA AND LSR ORA STA JSR DEX BNE JSR JSR PLA TAX LDA AND RTS
DEHALF DRB #$40 CPIY CPIY CPIY DELAY GET3 DELAY DEHALF CPIY #$7F
;DELAY 1/2 BIT TIME ;GET 8 BITS ;MASK OFF OTHER BITS,ONLY PB6 ;SHIFT RIGHT CHARACTER ;DELAY 1 BIT TIME ;GET NEXT BIT ;DO NOT CARE FOR PARITY BIT ;UNTIL WE GET BACK TO ONE AGAIN ;RESTORE X ;CLEAR PARITY BIT
18 08 17 09 0D 20 F9
A4 A8 A4 A8 A8
;DELAY 1 BIT TIME AS GIVEN BY BAUD RATE DELAY LDA CNTL30 ;START TIMER T2 STA T2L LDA CNTH30 DE1 STA T2H DE2 LDA IFR ;GET INT FLG FOR T2 AND #MT2 BEQ DE2 ;TIME OUT ? RTS ;DELAY HALF BIT TIME ;TOTAL TIME DIVIDED BY 2 DEHALF LDA CNTH30 LSR A ;LSB TO CARRY LDA CNTL30 ROR A ;SHIFT WITH CARRY STA T2L LDA CNTH30 LSR A STA T2H JMP DE2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; GETKD0 LDA #0 STA IDOT ;GO ANOTHER 90 DOTS JSR IPO0 ;OUTPUT 90 DOTS TO PRI (ZEROS) ;GET A CHAR FROM KB SUBROUTINE ;FROM KB Y=ROW ,STBKEY=COLUMNS (STROBE) ;X=CTRL OR SHIFT ,OTHERWISE X=0 GETKEY JSR ROONEK ;WAIT IF LAST KEY STILL DOWN GETKY JSR DEBKEY ;DEBOUNCE KEY (5 MSEC) ;CTRL OR SHIFT ? LDA #$8F ;CHCK CLMN 5,6,7 STA DRA2 LDA DRB2 ;CHCK ROW 1 LSR A BCS GETK1 ;IF=1 ,NO CTRL OR SHIFT LDX #3 ;CLMN 5,6,7 (CNTRL,SHIFTL,SHIFTR) LDA #$7F ;CTRL OR SHIFT ,SO WHICH ONE? GETK0 SEC ROR A PHA JSR ONEK2 ;LETS GET CTRL OR SHIFT INTO X LDA DRB2
AD 4A AD 6A 8D AD 4A 8D 4C
17 A4 18 A4 08 A8 17 A4 09 A8 1B EC
A9 00 8D 77 A4 20 50 F0
20 EF EC 20 2A ED A9 8D AD 4A B0 A2 A9 38 6A 48 20 AD 8F 80 A4 82 A4 20 03 7F
0B ED 82 A4
1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
EC5E EC5F EC61 EC62 EC63 EC65 EC67 EC68 EC6B EC6D EC6E EC71 EC71 EC74 EC75 EC77 EC7A EC7C EC7E EC80 EC82 EC82 EC85 EC86 EC87 EC88 EC89 EC8A EC8D EC8E EC90 EC91 EC93 EC96 EC97 EC98 EC9A EC9C EC9E EC9F ECA1 ECA4 ECA5 ECA6 ECA8 ECAA ECAB ECAC ECAE ECB0 ECB2 ECB4 ECB5 ECB7 ECB9 ECBA ECBC ECBE ECBF ECBF ECBF ECC1
4A 90 68 CA D0 F0 68 AD 49 AA EE 20 88 D0 AD C9 B0 90 30 20 98 0A 0A 0A A8 AD 4A 90 C8 D0 B9 48 8A F0 29 F0 68 29 4C 68 48 29 D0 68 48 29 F0 C9 B0 68 29 D0 68 09 D0 68
06 F0 DC 2B A4 FF 2A A4 05 ED 09 2B A4 F7 04 C3 C1 2C ED
2B A4 03 FA 21 F4 24 10 06 3F BF EC 40 14 0F 0E 0C 05 EF 06 10 01
C9 60 D0 06
LSR A ;ONLY ROW 1 BCC GETK00 ;GOT YOU PLA DEX BNE GETK0 BEQ GETKY ;THERE IS A MISTAKE CHECK AGAIN GETK00 PLA ;NOW GET STBKEY INTO X LDA STBKEY ;CLMN INTO X EOR #$FF ;COMPLEMENT BECAUSE STRBS ARE 0 TAX ;CTRL OR SHIFT TO X INC KMASK ;SET MSK=$01 ;NOW GET ANY KEY GETK1 JSR ONEKEY ;GET A KEY DEY ;CHK THE ROW (1-8) BNE GETK1B ;CHK IF CTRL OR SHIFT LDA STBKEY ;WERE ENTERED AT THE LAST MOMENT CMP #$F7 ;IF CLMN 5,6,7,8 TO IT AGAIN BCS GETK2 BCC GETKY ;SEND IT TO GET CTRL OR SHIFT GETK1B BMI GETKY ;NO KEY ,CLEAR MSK ;WE HAVE A KEY ,DECODE IT GETK2 JSR DEBK1 ;DEBOUNCE KEY (5 MSEC) TYA ;MULT BY 8 ASL A ASL A ASL A TAY ;NOW Y HAS ROW ADDR FROM ROW 1 LDA STBKEY ;ADD COLUMN TO Y GETK3 LSR A BCC GETK4 INY BNE GETK3 GETK4 LDA ROW1,Y ;GET THE CHR PHA TXA ;SEE IF CTRL OR SHIFT WAS USED BEQ GETK7 ;BRCH IF NO CTRL OR SHIFT AND #$10 ;CTRL ? BEQ GETK5 ;NO ,GO GETKS PLA AND #$3F ;MSK OFF 2 MSB FOR CONTROL JMP GETK8 ;EXIT GETK5 PLA PHA ;SAVE IT AND #$40 ;IF ALPHA CHARS DO NOT SHIFT BNE GETK7 PLA PHA AND #$0F ;ONLY LSB BEQ GETK7 ;DO NOT INTERCHANGE <SPACE> OR 0 CMP #$0C ;ACC>=$0C ? BCS GETK6 ;YES ACC>=$0C PLA ;NO, ACC<$0C AND #$EF ;STRIP OFF BIT 4 BNE GETK8 ;EXIT GETK6 PLA ;ACC>=$0C ORA #$10 ;BIT 4= 1 BNE GETK8 ;EXIT GETK7 PLA ;CHECK FOR "ADV PAP","PRI LINE", OR "TOGL PRIFLG" ;IN THIS WAY WE DONT HAVE TO CHCK FOR THIS COMM GETK8 CMP #$60 ;ADV PAPER COMM BNE GETK11
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
ECC3 ECC5 ECC7 ECC9 ECCB ECCD ECD0 ECD2 ECD5 ECD6 ECD8 ECDB ECDC ECDE ECE1 ECE3 ECE5 ECE8 ECEB ECEC ECEF ECEF ECEF ECF2 ECF4 ECF6 ECF9 ECFB ECFD ED00 ED02 ED05 ED05 ED05 ED05 ED07 ED09 ED0A ED0B ED0E ED11 ED13 ED16 ED19 ED1C ED1D ED1F ED20 ED22 ED25 ED27 ED29 ED2A ED2A ED2C ED2E ED31 ED33 ED36 ED38 ED3B ED3B
E0 F0 29 C9 D0 20 A0 B9 38 E9 99 88 10 4C C9 D0 20 4C 60 4C AD C9 F0 0D 49 D0 20 A9 8D
00 25 4F 1C 14 E1 E6 01 15 A4 03 15 A4 F4 40 EC 5C 06 4A F0 40 EC 38 EC 82 FF 0A 7F FF F2 2A 00 2A A4 A4 ED A4
GETK11
GETK12
GETK13
GETK14 GETK10
CPX BEQ AND CMP BNE JSR LDY LDA SEC SBC STA DEY BPL JMP CMP BNE JSR JMP RTS JMP
#0 GETK10 #$4F #$1C GETK13 PRITR #1 CURPO2,Y #3 CURPO2,Y GETK12 GETKEY #BACKSLASH GETK14 IPS0 GETKEY GETKD0
;IF SHIFT IS NOT ADV PAPER ;NO SHIFT ,SO ADVPAPER ;CONVRT TO "@" ;SEE IF TOGGL PRIFLG (CONTRL PRI) ;GO TOGGLE FLG ;GET THE PTRS BACK 3 SPACES ;BECAUSE "ON ,OFF" MSGS
;PRINT LINE COMMAND ;PRINT WHATEVER IS IN BUFFER
A9 D0 38 6A 8D 8D A0 AD 0D 8D 0A 90 88 D0 AD C9 D0 60 A2 A9 8D A9 8D A9 4C
7F 02 80 2B 08 82 2A 7F 0A FA 2B A4 FF E0 00 00 2A A4 88 08 A8 13 18 EC A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
;WAIT IF LAST KEY STILL DOWN (ROLLOVER) ROONEK LDA DRB2 ;SEE IF KEY STILL DOWN CMP #$FF BEQ ROO1 ;NO KEY AT ALL, CLR ROLLFL ORA ROLLFL ;ACCEPT ONLY LAST KEY EOR #$FF ;STRBS ARE ZEROS TO INVER BNE ROONEK JSR DEBKEY ;CLR KMASK & DEBOUNCE RELEASE ROO1 LDA #0 ;CLR KMASK STA KMASK ;GO THRU KB ONCE AND RTN ,IF ANY ;KEY Y=ROW (1-8) & STBKEY=CLMN ;IF NO KEY Y=0 ,STBKEY=$FF ONEKEY LDA #$7F ;FIRST STROBE TO MSB BNE ONEK2 ;START AT ONEK2 ONEK1 SEC ;ONLY ONE PULSE (ZERO) ROR A ;SHIFT TO RIGHT ONEK2 STA DRA2 ;OUTPUT CLMN STROBE STA STBKEY ;SAVE IT LDY #8 ;CHECK 8 ROWS LDA DRB2 ;ANY KEY ? ORA KMASK ;DISABLE ROW 1 IF CTRL OR SHIFT STA ROLLFL ;SAVE WHICH KEY IT WAS ONEK3 ASL A BCC ONEK4 ;JUMP IF KEY (ZERO) DEY BNE ONEK3 LDA STBKEY CMP #$FF ;LAST CLMN ? BNE ONEK1 ;NO ,DO NEXT CLMN ONEK4 RTS DEBKEY LDX #0 DEBK1 LDA #0 STA KMASK LDA #DEBTIM STA T2L LDA #DEBTIM/256 JMP DE1 ;CLEAR CNTRL OR SHIFT ;CLR KMASK ;DEBOUNCE TIME FOR KEYBOARD ;WAIT FOR 5 MSEC
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088
ED3B ED3B ED3B ED3B ED3B ED3E ED41 ED43 ED45 ED48 ED4B ED4C ED4F ED52 ED53 ED53 ED56 ED59 ED5B ED5D ED5F ED61 ED63 ED65 ED68 ED6B ED6C ED6E ED70 ED73 ED75 ED78 ED79 ED7C ED7E ED81 ED83 ED86 ED88 ED89 ED8C ED8F ED92 ED93 ED96 ED97 ED9A ED9D ED9E EDA1 EDA3 EDA4 EDA7 EDA9 EDAC EDAE EDAF EDB0 EDB1 EDB2 EDB3 EDB4
20 AE E0 D0 20 BD E8 8E 20 60 20 20 C9 F0 C9 D0 F0 A2 20 9D E8 E0 D0 AD 29 8D 58 20 A2 AD F0 DD D0 E8 8E EE AD 48 AD 48 CE 20 68 CD D0 68 CD D0 EE A2 60 68 68 68 68 68 20
9E 36 50 03 53 16
EB A4 ED 01
36 A4 AC EB EA 29 23 06 16 F2 F3 00 29 16 ED EE
EE 01
52 F5 00 A8 CF 00 A8 BD ED 00 15 01 05 16 01 28 36 A4 15 01 67 01 66 01 12 A4 E7 F1 66 01 0C 67 01 07 12 A4 01
8E E3
;GET A CHAR FROM TAPE SUBROUTINE ;A BUFFER IS USED TO GET BLOCKS OF DATA ;FROM TAPE ,EXCEPT WHEN FORMAT EQUAL TO ;KIM-1 (THE WHOLE FILE IS LOADED AT ONE TIME) TIBYTE JSR PHXY ;PUSH X LDX TAPTR ;POINTER FOR BUFFER CPX #80 ;IS BUFFER EMPTY ? BNE TIB1 JSR TIBY1 ;LOAD ANOTHER BLOCK TIB1 LDA TABUFF,X INX STX TAPTR JSR PLXY ;PULL X RTS ;LOAD A BLOCK FROM TAPE INTO BUFFER TIBY1 JSR TAISET ;SET TAPE FOR INPUT TIBY3 JSR GETTAP ;GET A CHAR FROM TAPE CMP #'#' ;CHECK FIRST CHR FOR BEQ TIBY4 ;START OF BLOCK CMP #$16 ;IF NOT # SHOULD BE SYN BNE TIBY1 BEQ TIBY3 TIBY4 LDX #0 TIBY5 JSR GETTAP ;NOW LOAD INTO BUFFER STA TABUFF,X INX CPX #82 BNE TIBY5 LDA DRB AND #$CF STA DRB ;TURN OFF TAPES CLI ;ENABL INTERR JSR ADDBK1 ;DISPLAY BLK COUNT LDX #0 ;TO CLEAR PTR IN TIBYTE LDA BLK ;CHECK THE BLOCK COUNT BEQ TIBY5A ;IF FIRST BLK ,DO NOT CMP CMP TABUFF,X BNE TIBY7 ;BRANCH IF WE MISSED ONE BLOCK TIBY5A INX STX TAPTR INC BLK ;INCR BLK CONT LDA TABUFF+81 ;STORE THIS BLK CKSUM PHA LDA TABUFF+80 PHA DEC INFLG ;SET INFLG DIFF FROM OUTFLG JSR BKCKSM ;COMPUT BLK CKSUM FOR THIS BLK PLA CMP TABUFF+80 ;DO THEY AGREE ? BNE TIBY6 PLA CMP TABUFF+81 BNE TIBY7 INC INFLG ;RESTORE INPUT DEVICE LDX #1 ;TO GET FIRST CHR IN TIBYTE RTS TIBY6 PLA ;RESTORE STACK PTR TIBY7 PLA PLA PLA PLA JSR CKER0
2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150
EDB7 EDBA EDBA EDBA EDBD EDC0 EDC2 EDC5 EDC8 EDC9 EDCC EDCD EDD0 EDD2 EDD5 EDD8 EDDB EDDE EDDF EDE2 EDE3 EDE6 EDE9 EDEA EDEA EDEA EDEC EDEF EDF2 EDF5 EDF7 EDFA EDFC EDFF EDFF EE02 EE05 EE08 EE0B EE0D EE0F EE11 EE14 EE16 EE18 EE19 EE1B EE1C EE1C EE1C EE1C EE1E EE20 EE22 EE24 EE27 EE28 EE29 EE29 EE29 EE29 EE2B
4C A1 E1 EE EE A9 8D AD 48 AD 48 AE A9 8D AD 20 8E 68 8D 68 8D CE 60 A9 8D AD 20 A9 8D A9 8D 20 4E 0D 8D C9 D0 A2 20 C9 D0 CA D0 60 15 11 12 15 4A 01 A4 A4 A4
JMP COMIN ;ADD 1 TO BLK COUNT AND OUTPUT IT ADDBLK INC BLK ;INCR BLK CNT ADDBK1 INC PRIFLG ;SO DONT OUTPUT TO PRINTR LDA #18 ;ONLY OUTPUT IN THIS POSITION STA CURPO2 LDA DIBUFF+18 ;SAVE DISBUF (FOR EDIT) PHA LDA DIBUFF+19 PHA LDX OUTFLG ;SAVE OUTFLG LDA #CR STA OUTFLG ;TO OUTPUT TO TERMINAL LDA BLK+1 ;BLK CNT COMING FROM TAPE JSR NUMA ;OUTPUT IN ASCII STX OUTFLG ;RESTORE OUTFLG PLA STA DIBUFF+19 PLA STA DIBUFF+18 DEC PRIFLG ;RESTORE PRI FLG RTS ;SET TAPE (1 OR 2) FOR TAISET LDA #$37 STA DDRB LDA TAPIN JSR TIOSET LDA #MOFF+DATIN STA PCR LDA #$FF STA T2L ;CHCK BIT BY BIT UNTIL SYNC JSR RDBIT LSR CPIY ORA CPIY STA CPIY CMP #$16 BNE SYNC LDX #$05 SYNC1 JSR GETTAP CMP #$16 BNE SYNC DEX BNE SYNC1 RTS INPUT ;SET PB7 FOR INPUT ;INPUT FLG (TAP 1=2 OR TAP 2=1) ;RESET PB4 OR PB5 ;SET CA2=1 (DATA IN) ;PREPARE T2 ;LACTH $16 ;GET A BIT IN MSB ;MAKE ROOM FOR BIT ;PUT BIT INTO MSB ;SYN CHAR ? ;TEST FOR 5 SYN CHARS ;IF NOT 2 CHAR RE-SYNC
4B A4 13 0D 13 16 46 13 A4 A4 01 EA A4
4B A4 4A A4 11 A4
37 02 34 1C EE 0C FF 08 3B 2A 2A 2A 16 F0 05 29 16 E7 F6
A8 A4 EE A8 A8 EE A4 A4 A4
EE
D0 A9 D0 A9 8D 78 60
04 14 02 24 00 A8
;SET PB4 OR PB5 OFF ;USED BY IN/OUT SET UPS TIOSET BNE TIOS1 ;BRCH IF TAP1 LDA #$14 ;SET TAP 2 OFF (PB5=0) BNE TIOS2 TIOS1 LDA #$24 ;SET TAP 1 OFF (PB4=0) TIOS2 STA DRB SEI ;DISABLE INTERR WHILE TAP RTS ;GET 1 CHAR FROM TAPE AND RETURN ;WITH CHR IN ACC, USE CPIY TO ASM CHR ,USES Y GETTAP LDY #$08 ;READ 8 BITS GETA1 JSR RDBIT ;GET NEXT DATA BIT
A0 08 20 3B EE
2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212
EE2E EE31 EE34 EE37 EE38 EE3A EE3B EE3B EE3B EE3E EE40 EE43 EE46 EE48 EE4B EE4C EE4E EE51 EE54 EE56 EE57 EE58 EE5B EE5C EE5E EE61 EE62 EE64 EE66 EE67 EE67 EE67 EE67 EE67 EE6A EE6C EE6F EE72 EE75 EE75 EE78 EE7A EE7D EE7F EE81 EE84 EE85 EE88 EE89 EE8B EE8E EE91 EE93 EE94 EE97 EE98 EE99 EE9A EE9D EE9E EEA0 EEA1
4E 0D 8D 88 D0 60 AD 30 20 20 B0 AD 48 A9 8D 20 90 68 38 ED 48 A9 8D 68 49 29 60
2A A4 2A A4 2A A4 F1
08 27 75 75 FB 96
A4 EE EE A4
FF 96 A4 75 EE FB 96 A4 FF 96 A4 FF 80
20 90 20 20 4C 2C 30 2C 10 65 AD 48 AD 48 A9 8D AD 30 68 CD 68 60 68 CD 68 E9 60 2C
75 FB 75 75 B5
EE EE EE FF
LSR CPIY ;MAKE ROOM FOR MSB ORA CPIY ;OR IN SIGN BIT STA CPIY ;REPLACE CHAR DEY BNE GETA1 RTS ;GET ONE BIT FROM TAPE AND ;RETURN IT IN SIGN OF A (MSB) RDBIT LDA TSPEED ;ARE WE IN C7 OR 5B,5A FREQUENC` BMI RDBIT4 ;JUMP TO C7 FREQ FORMAT JSR CKFREQ ;START BIT IN HIGH FREQ RDBIT1 JSR CKFREQ ;HIGH TO LOW FREQ TRANS BCS RDBIT1 LDA DIV64 ;GET HIGH FREQ TIMING PHA LDA #$FF ;SET UP TIMER STA DIV64 RDBIT2 JSR CKFREQ ;LOW TO HIGH FREQ TRANS BCC RDBIT2 ;WAIT TILL FREQ IS HIGH PLA SEC SBC DIV64 ;(256-T1) - (256-T2) =T2-T1 PHA ;LOW FREQ TIME-HIGH FREQ TIME LDA #$FF STA DIV64 ;SET UP TIMER PLA EOR #$FF AND #$80 RTS ;EACH BIT STARTS WITH HALF PULSE OF 2400 & THEN ;3 HALF PULSES OF 1200 HZ FOR 0 ,3 PUSLES OF 2400 FOR 1 ;THE READING IS MADE ON THE FOURTH 1/2 PULSE ,WHERE ;THE SIGNAL HAS STABILIZED RDBIT4 JSR CKFREQ ;SEE WHICH FREQ BCC RDBIT4 JSR CKFREQ JSR CKFREQ JMP PATC24 ;NOW READ THE BIT CKFREQ BIT BMI CKF1 BIT BPL ADC CKF2 LDA PHA LDA PHA LDA STA LDA BMI PLA CMP PLA RTS CKF3 PLA CMP CKF3A PLA SBC RTS CKF4 BIT DRB CKF4 DRB CKF1 $00 T2H T2L #$FF T2H TSPEED CKF3 TSPEED ;START CNTR ;SUPER SPEED ? ;HIGH OR LOW FREC ;C=1 IF HIGH ,C=0 IF LOW ;CENTER FREQ ;ARE WE HIGH OR LOW ? ;WAIT TILL HIGH ;EQUALIZER ;SAVE CNTR
00 A8 27 00 A8 FB 00 09 A8 08 A8 FF 09 A8 08 A4 06 08 A4
08 A4 FE 00 A8
TSPEED #$FE DRB
;WAIT TILL LOW
2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274
EEA4 EEA6 EEA8 EEA8 EEA8 EEA8 EEA8 EEA9 EEAC EEAF EEB2 EEB5 EEB7 EEBA EEBD EEC0 EEC2 EEC5 EEC8 EECB EECE EED1 EED3 EED6 EED9 EEDA EEDD EEDE EEDF EEE1 EEE3 EEE6 EEE9 EEEC EEEF EEF0 EEF2 EEF4 EEF6 EEF8 EEFB EEFC EEFC EEFC EEFC EEFC EEFF EF00 EF01 EF02 EF05 EF05 EF05 EF05 EF05 EF06 EF09 EF0B EF0D EF0F EF12 EF14
30 FB 10 D9
BMI CKF4 BPL CKF2
;GO GET TIMING
48 20 8D 20 AD 29 8D 8D 20 A2 2E 2E 2E 6E AD 29 0D 8D 08 20 28 CA D0 A9 0D 8D 20 20 68 C9 F0 C9 F0 4C 60
9E 27 0F 00 FB 00 28 0F 08 27 27 27 27 27 04 28 00
EB A4 EC A8 A8 A4 EC A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A8
0F EC EA 04 28 00 0F AC
A4 A8 EC EB
0A 07 FF 03 05 EF
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;OUTPUT ACC TO TTY SUBROUTINE ;X,Y ARE PRESERVED OUTTTY PHA ;SAVE A JSR PHXY ;PUSH X STA STIY ;PUT CHAR HERE JSR DELAY ;STOP BIT FROM LAST CHAR LDA DRB AND #$FB ;START BIT PB2=0 STA DRB ;TTO=PB2 STA STIY+1 ;SAVE THIS PATTERN JSR DELAY LDX #$08 ;8 BITS ROL STIY ;GET FIRST LSB INTO BIT 2 ROL STIY ROL STIY OUTT1 ROR STIY LDA STIY AND #$04 ;GET ONLY BIT 2 FOR PB2 ORA STIY+1 ;PUT BIT INTO PATTERN STA DRB ;NOW TO TTY PHP ;PRESERVE CARRY FOR ROTATE JSR DELAY PLP DEX BNE OUTT1 LDA #$04 ;STOP BIT ORA STIY+1 STA DRB JSR DELAY ;STOP BIT JSR PLXY ;PULL X PLA CMP #LF BEQ OUTT2 CMP #NULLC BEQ OUTT2 JMP OUTDIS ;USE THAT BUFF OUTT2 RTS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;OUTPUT A CHR TO D/P SUBR (SINGLE ENTRY FOR BOTH SUBR) ;IF CHAR=<CR> CLEAR DISPLAY & PRINTER OUTDP JSR OUTPRI ;FIRST TO PRI THEN TO DISP NOP NOP NOP OUTDP1 JMP (DILINK) ;HERE HE COULD ECHO SOMEWHERE ELSE` ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;OUTPUT ACC TO DISPLAY SUBROUTINE ;IF SIGN BIT (MSB)=1 DISP DO NOT CLR TO THE RIGHT OUTDIS PHA ;SAVE A JSR PHXY ;PUSH X CMP #CR ;<CR> ? BNE OUTD1 LDX #0 ;YES STX CURPO2 ;CLEAR DISP POINTER BEQ OUTD5 ;GO CLEAR DISP OUTD1 JMP PATCH4
20 00 F0 EA EA EA 6C 06 A4
48 20 C9 D0 A2 8E F0 4C
9E EB 0D 07 00 15 A4 42 9C FE
2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336
EF17 EF19 EF1B EF1E EF1F EF20 EF23 EF26 EF28 EF2A EF2D EF2F EF2F EF30 EF31 EF33 EF36 EF39 EF3B EF3E EF3F EF42 EF45 EF47 EF48 EF49 EF4B EF4E EF4F EF51 EF53 EF56 EF56 EF58 EF5A EF5D EF5F EF62 EF65 EF68 EF6A EF6D EF6E EF6F EF70 EF71 EF72 EF73 EF74 EF75 EF76 EF79 EF7A EF7B EF7B EF7B EF7B EF7C EF7D EF7E EF7F EF80
E0 90 20 68 60 9D EE E0 90 20 30 8A A8 A2 8E B9 09 20 88 CE AE 10 60 48 09 20 68 29 D0 AE E0 B0 8E A9 20 EE AE D0 4C EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA 20 68 60
3C 05 AC EB 38 A4 15 A4 14 1E 2F EF 47
13 27 A4 38 A4 80 7B EF 27 A4 27 A4 EC 80 7B EF 80 23 15 A4 14 1C 27 A0 7B 27 27 EC 76
A4 EF A4 A4 EF
AC EB
OUTD1A CPX #60 ;LAST CHAR FOR DISP? BCC OUTD2 JSR PLXY ;GO BACK PLA ;DO NOT STORE RTS OUTD2 STA DIBUFF,X ;PUT CHAR IN BUFF INC CURPO2 ;INC POINTER CPX #20 ;DISPLAY FULL? BCC OUTD4 JSR OUTD2A ;THIS WAY SCROLL IS A SUBR BMI OUTD7 ;EXIT DISP ;YES, SCROLL CHARS TO THE LEFT OUTD2A TXA ;X---> Y TAY LDX #19 ;ADDR FOR DISP DO NOT OUTD3 STX STIY ;DECREM IN BINARY LDA DIBUFF,Y ;FROM BUFFER TO DISP ORA #$80 ;NO CURSOR JSR OUTDD1 ;CONVERT X INTO REAL ADDR DEY DEC STIY LDX STIY BPL OUTD3 ;AGAIN UNTIL WHOLE DISP RTS OUTD4 PHA ORA #$80 ;NO CURSOR JSR OUTDD1 ;X=<$19 ,CONVRT TO REAL ADDR PLA AND #$80 ;IF MSB=0 CLEAR REST OF DISPLAY BNE OUTD7 LDX CURPO2 ;CLEAR DISP TO THE RIGHT OUTD5 CPX #20 BCS OUTD7 STX STIY LDA #' '+$80 ;<SPACE> JSR OUTDD1 ;CONVRT TO REAL ADDR INC STIY LDX STIY BNE OUTD5 ;GO NEXT JMP OUTD7 NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP OUTD7 JSR PLXY ;REST ,SO PRINTR INDEPEN PLA RTS ;CONVERT X INTO REAL ADDR FOR DISPLAY ;AND OUTPUT IT PB=DATA ; PA=W,CE ,A0 A1 (6520) OUTDD1 PHA ;SAVE DATA TXA PHA ;SAVE X LSR A ;DIVIDE X BY 4 LSR A ;TO GET CHIP SELECT TAX ;BACK TO X
48 8A 48 4A 4A AA
2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398
EF81 EF83 EF85 EF87 EF88 EF89 EF8B EF8E EF8F EF91 EF94 EF94 EF96 EF99 EF9A EF9B EF9C EF9F EFA0 EFA2 EFA5 EFA6 EFA8 EFAB EFAD EFB0 EFB1 EFB2 EFF9 EFF9 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F001 F004 F006 F008 F00B F00D F00F F00F F010 F012 F015 F018 F01B F01B F01E F020 F021 F023 F025 F028 F02B F02C F02E F030 F033
A9 E0 F0 0A CA D0 8D 68 29 0D 49 8D AA 68 48 8D 8A 49 8D EA 09 8D A9 8D 68 60 EA
04 00 04 FC 28 A4 03 28 A4 FF 00 AC
02 AC 80 00 AC 7C 00 AC FF 00 AC
LDA #4 ;FIRST CHIP SELECT CPX #0 ;FIRST CHIP ? BEQ OUTDD3 OUTDD2 ASL A DEX BNE OUTDD2 ;BACK TILL RIGH CS OUTDD3 STA STIY+1 ;SAVE CS TEMPORARILY PLA ;GET X AGAIN FOR CHAR AND #$03 ;IN THAT CHIP ORA STIY+1 ;OR IN CS AND CHAR ;STORE ADDR AND DATA INTO DISPL EOR #$FF ;W=1 , CE=0 & A1,A0 STA RA TAX ;SAVE A IN X PLA ;GET DATA PHA STA RB TXA EOR #$80 ;SET W=0 STA RA NOP ORA #$7C ;SET CE=1 STA RA LDA #$FF ;SET W=1 STA RA PLA ;RETURN DATA RTS *=$EFF9 .DB $EA *=$F000 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;OUTPUT ACC TO PRINTER SUBROUTINE ;PRINTS ON 21RST CHAR OR WHEN <CR> ;IT WILL PUT IT ON BUBFFER BUT WONT PRINT IF ;PRIFLG=0 OUTPRI PHA ;SAVE CHR TO BE OUTPUT JSR PHXY ;SAVE X CMP #CR ;SEE IF CR BEQ OUT01 ;YES SO PRINT THE BUFF LDX CURPOS ;PTR TO NEXT POS IN BUFF CPX #20 ;SEE IF BUFF FULL BNE OUT04 ;NOT FULL SO RETURN ;<CR> SO FILL REST OF BUFFER WITH BLANKS OUT01 PHA LDA #0 ;CURPOS = 0 LDX CURPOS ;SEE IF ANYTHING IN BUFFER STA CURPOS JSR OUTPR ;CLEAR PRIBUF TO THE RIGHT ;BUFFER FILLED SO PRINT IT JSR IPST ;START THE PRINT LDX #0 ;STORE CHR IN BUFF (FIRST LOC) PLA ;GET IT CMP #CR ;DONT STORE IF <CR> BEQ OUT05 OUT04 STA IBUFM,X ;STORE CHR IN BUFF INC CURPOS ;INCR BUFF PNTR INX AND #$80 BNE OUT05 ;DONT CLR IF MSB=1 JSR OUTPR ;CLEAR PRIBUFF TO THE RIGHT OUT05 JSR PLXY ;RESTORE REGS
48 20 C9 F0 AE E0 D0 48 A9 AE 8D 20 20 A2 68 C9 F0 9D EE E8 29 D0 20 20
9E EB 0D 07 16 A4 14 16 00 16 A4 16 A4 38 F0 45 F0 00 0D 0E 60 A4 16 A4 80 03 38 F0 AC EB
2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460
F036 F037 F038 F03A F03C F03E F041 F042 F044 F045 F045 F045 F045 F048 F04A F04D F050 F052 F055 F058 F05A F05D F05F F062 F063 F064 F065 F066 F069 F06C F06C F06F F071 F073 F075 F078 F079 F079 F07C F07F F081 F084 F087 F087 F087 F087 F087 F089 F08C F08F F091 F093 F096 F098 F09B F09E F0A1 F0A4 F0A7 F0AA F0AD F0AF
68 60 A9 E0 F0 9D E8 10 60
20 14 06 60 A4 F6
PLA RTS OUTPR LDA OUTPR1 CPX BEQ STA INX BPL OUTPR2 RTS
#' ' #20 OUTPR2 IBUFM,X OUTPR1
;FILL REST OF BUFF WITH BLANKS ;SEE IF END OF BUFF ;NO SO STORE BLANK ;INCR BUFF PNTR
2C 10 20 20 A9 8D 20 D0 20 D0 4C EA EA EA EA 20 20 AD C9 90 A9 8D 60 20 20 A0 20 4C
11 2E CB E3 C1 0C A0 0C A0 07 79
A4 F0 F0 A8 FF FF F0
87 F0 87 F0 77 A4 5A F3 E1 0C A8 44 B1 3B AF A1 EB FE E7 E1
;SUB TO OUTPUT BUFFER, 70 DOTS (10 DOTS AT ;A TIME BY 7 ROWS) FOR EACH LINE OF PRINTING IPST BIT PRIFLG ;PRINT FLG ON ? BPL IPO4 IPS0 JSR PINT ;INITIALIZE VALUES JSR IPSU ;SET UP FIRS OUTPUT PATTERN IPO0 LDA #PRST+SP12+MON ;TURN MOTOR ON STA PCR JSR PAT23 ;TIME OUT ? BNE IPO2 ;NO, START SIGNAL RECEIVED JSR PAT23 ;YES, TRY AGAIN BNE IPO2 ;OK JMP PRIERR ;TWO TIME OUTS - ERROR NOP NOP NOP NOP IPO2 JSR PRNDOT ;STRB P1=1 PRINT DOTS (1.7MSEC) JSR PRNDOT ;STRB P2=1 PRINT DOTS (1.7MSEC) ;CHECK FOR 90, WHEN 70 PRNDOT WILL OUTPUT ZEROS LDA IDOT CMP #90 BCC IPO2 ;L.T. 90 THEN GO STROB P1 IPO3 LDA #PRST+SP12+MOFF ;TURN MOTOR OFF STA PCR IPO4 RTS PRIERR JSR JSR LDY JSR JMP CLR PATCH5 #M12-M1 KEP COMIN ;CLEAR PRI PNTR ;TURN PRI OFF ;BACK WHERE SUBR WAS CALLED
A9 8D AD 29 F0 AD 49 8D EE AD 0D 8D AD 8D A9 8D
00 01 0D 02 F9 0C 01 0C 77 79 00 00 78 01 A4 08
A8 A8 A8 A8 A4 A4 A8 A8 A4 A8 A8
;SUBR TO INCR DOT COUNTER,WHEN ;NEG TRANS OUTPUT CHR FOR 1.7 MSEC ;CLEAR & SET UP NEXT PATTERN PRNDOT LDA #0 ;CLR INTERRPTS STA DRAH PRDOT0 LDA IFR AND #MSP12 ;ANY STROBES ? BEQ PRDOT0 LDA PCR EOR #$01 STA PCR INC IDOT LDA IOUTU ;2 LEFT ELEM ORA DRB ;DO NOT TURN TTY OUTPUT OFF STA DRB LDA IOUTL ;7 RIGHT ELEM, CLR CA1 INTER FLG STA DRAH LDA #PRTIME STA T2L
2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522
F0B2 F0B4 F0B7 F0BA F0BD F0BF F0C2 F0C5 F0C7 F0CA F0CB F0CB F0CB F0CD F0D0 F0D2 F0D5 F0D7 F0DA F0DD F0DF F0E2 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E3 F0E5 F0E8 F0E8 F0EB F0ED F0EE
A9 8D 20 20 A9 8D AD 29 8D 60 A9 8D A9 8D A9 8D 8D A9 8D 60
06 09 E3 1B 00 01 00 FC 00
A8 F0 EC A8 A8 A8
LDA STA JSR JSR LDA STA LDA AND STA RTS
#PRTIME/256 T2H IPSU DE2 #0 DRAH DRB #$FC DRB
;START T2 FOR 1.7 MSEC ;SET NEXT PATTERN WHILE WAITING ;WAIT TILL TIME OUT ;THERMAL ELEM OFF ;BUT DONT CHANGE TAPE CONTROLS
FF 74 05 75 01 76 7C 00 77
A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
; SUBROUTINE PINT -- INIT VARS FOR PRINTER PINT LDA #$FF STA IDIR ;DIRECTION <= LDA #5 STA ICOL ;COLUMN <= LEFTMOST +1 LDA #1 STA IOFFST ;OFFSET <= LEFT CHARACTER STA IMASK LDA #0 STA IDOT ;DOT COUNTER <= 0 RTS ;THE VARIABLES FOR THE PRINTER ARE AS FOLLOWS: ; ;IDIR DIRECT HEAD IS CURRENTLY MOVING (0=+, $FF=-) ;ICOL CLMN TO BE PRNTED NEXT (LEFTMOST=0,RIGHTMOST=4) ;IOFFST OFFSET N PRINT BUFF (0=LEFT CHR, 1=RIGHT CHR) ;IDOT COUNT OF NUMBER OF DOTS PRINTED THUS FAR ;IOUTL SOLENOID PATTERN (8 CHRS ON RIGHT) ;IOUTU SOLENOID PATTERN (2 CHRS ON LEFT) ;IBITL 1 BIT MSK USED IN SETTING NEXT SOLENOID VALUE ;IBITU UPPER PART OF MASK ;IBUFM START OF PRINT BUFFER (LEFTMOST CHR FIRST) ;IMASK MASK FOR CURRENT ROW BEING PRINTED ;JUMP ADDRESS OF TABLE FOR CURRENT COLUMN ; ; THE DOT PATTERNS FOR THE CHRS ARE STORED SO THAT... ;EACH BYTE CONTAINS THE DOTS FOR ONE COLUMN OF ONE... ;CHR. SINCE EACH COLUMN CONTAINS SEVEN DOTS , ;THIS MEANS THAT ONE BIT PER BYTE IS UNUSED. ; THE PATTERNS ARE ORGANIZED INTO 5 TABLES OF 64... ;BYTES WHERE EACH TABLE CONTAINS ALL THE DOT... ;PATTERNS FOR A PARTICULAR COLUMN. THE BYTES IN EACH... ;TABLE ARE ORDERED ACCORDING TO THE CHR CODE OF... ;THE CHR BEING REFERENCED. THE CHR CODE CAN... ;THUS BE USED TO DIRECTLY INDEX INTO THE TABLE. ;SUBROUTINE IPSU -- SET UP OUTPUT PATTERN FOR PRINTER ; THIS ROUTINE IS CALLED IN ORDER TO ;SET UP THE NEXT GROUP OF SOLENOIDS TO ;BE OUTPUT TO THE PRINTER. ; ON ENTRY THE CONTENTS OF ALL REGISTERS ;ARE ARBITRARY ; ON EXIT THE CONTENTS OF A,X,Y ARE UNDEFINED IPSU LDX #0 ;X POINTS TO VAR BLOCK FOR PRNTR JSR INCP ;ADVANCE PTRS TO NXT DOT POSITION ;X NOW CONTAINS INDEX INTO PRINT BUFFER IPS1 LDA IBUFM,X ;LOAD NEXT CHAR FROM BUFFER AND #$3F TAY LDA #JUMP ;A<= DOT PATTERN FOR CHAR & COL
A2 00 20 21 F1 BD 60 A4 29 3F A8 A9 7D
2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 2584
F0F0 F0F3 F0F6 F0F8 F0FB F0FD F100 F103 F105 F108 F10B F10E F111 F114 F115 F116 F118 F118 F11B F11D F120 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F121 F124 F126 F126 F129 F12B F12B F12E F130 F130 F133 F135 F135 F138 F13A F13D F13F F13F F142 F144 F144 F147 F149 F14B F14E F150 F150 F153 F155 F158 F15B F15D
20 2C F0 AD F0 0D 8D D0 AD 0D 8D 0E 2E CA CA 10
58 7C 16 7A 08 78 78 09 7B 79 79 7A 7B D0
EB A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
AD 79 A4 29 03 8D 79 A4 60
JSR LDAY BIT IMASK ;SEE IF DOT IS SET BEQ IPS2 ;NO SO GO ON TO NEXT CHAR LDA IBITL ;DOT ON SO SET THE CURR SOLENOID BEQ IPS3 ;LSB OF SOL MASK IS 0 , DO MSB ORA IOUTL ;SET THE SOLENOID IN THE PATTERN STA IOUTL BNE IPS2 ;BRANCH ALWAYS IPS3 LDA IBITU ;SOLENOID IS ONE OF THE 2 MSD ORA IOUTU ;SET THE BIT IN THE PATTERN STA IOUTU IPS2 ASL IBITL ;SHIFT MSK TO NXT CHR POSITION ROL IBITU DEX ;DECR PTR INTO BUFFER DEX BPL IPS1 ;NOT END YET ;SOLENOID PATTERN IS SET UP IN IOUTU,IOUTL LDA IOUTU ;LEFTMOST 2 AND #$03 ;DISABLE FOR SEGMENTS STA IOUTU RTS ; SUBROUTINE INCP ;THIS SUBROUTINE IS USED TO UPDATE THE PRINTER VARIABLES ;TO POINT TO THE NEXT DOT POSITION TO BE PRINTED ;X REG IS USED TO POINT TO THE VARIABLE BLOCK OF ;BEING UPDATED ;ON EXIT X CONTAINS THE POINTER TO THE LAST CHARACTER IN ;THE PRINT BUFFER ;CONTENTS OF A,Y ON EXIT ARE ARBITRARY INCP LDA IDIR,X ;EXAMINE DIRECTION(+ OR -) BPL OP03 ;DIRECTION = + ;*DIRECTION = LDA ICOL,X ;SEE WHAT THE COLUMN IS BEQ OP04 ;COLUMN = 0 SO END OF DIGIT ;**COLUMN # 0 SO JUST DECREMENT COLUMN DEC ICOL,X BPL NEWCOL ;BRANCH ALWAYS ;**COLUMN = 0 SO SEE IF EVEN OR ODD DIGIT OP04 LDA IOFFST,X BEQ OP07 ;OFFSET = 0 SO DIRECTION CHANGE ;***OFFSET = 1 SO MOVE TO RIGHT DIGIT DEC IOFFST,X ;OFFSET <= 0 (LEFT CHARACTER) LDA #4 ;COLUMN <= 4 STA ICOL,X BPL NEWCOL ;BRANCH ALWAYS ;***OFFSET = 0 SO CHANGE DIRECTION TO + OP07 INC IDIR,X ;DIRECTION <= $00 (+) BPL NEWROW ;BRANCH ALWAYS ;*DIRECTION = + OP03 LDA ICOL,X ;SEE IF LAST COLUMN IN DIGIT CMP #4 BEQ OP05 ;COLUMN = 4 SO GO TO NEXT DIGIT INC ICOL,X ;JUST INCR COLUMN-NOT END OF DIGIT BPL NEWCOL ;BRANCH ALWAYS ;**AT COLUMN 4 -- SEE IF LEFT OR RIGHT DIGIT OP05 LDA IOFFST,X BNE OP06 ;OFFSET # 0 SO RIGHT DIGIT STA ICOL,X ;COLUMN <= 0 INC IOFFST,X ;OFFSET <= 1 (RIGHT CHARACTER) BPL NEWCOL ;BRANCH ALWAYS ;***OFFSET = 1 SO DIRECTION CHANGE
BD 74 A4 10 1E BD 75 A4 F0 05 DE 75 A4 10 33 BD 76 A4 F0 0A DE A9 9D 10 76 A4 04 75 A4 24
FE 74 A4 10 1C BD C9 F0 FE 10 BD D0 9D FE 10 75 A4 04 05 75 A4 13 76 A4 08 75 A4 76 A4 06
2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 2623 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646
F15D F160 F160 F160 F163 F163 F165 F168 F16B F16E F170 F173 F173 F176 F177 F178 F17B F17E F181 F184 F186 F189 F18A F18B F18B F18B F18B F18B F18B F18B F18B F18E F191 F194 F195 F198 F19A F19C F19C F19F F1A2 F1A4 F1A7 F1A7 F1AA F1AD F1AE F1B0 F1B2 F1B5 F1B7 F1BA F1BB F1BD F1C0 F1C2 F1C5 F1C8 F1CB F1CE F1D1 F1D2
DE 74 A4 1E 7C A4 A9 9D 9D 9D A9 9D BD 0A A8 B9 9D B9 9D A9 1D AA 60 00 78 79 7B 01 7A A4 A4 A4 A4
OP06 ;START NEWROW ;START NEWCOL
DEC IDIR,X
;DIRECTION <= $FF (-)
75 A4 D7 7D D8 7E 12 76 F2 A4 F2 A4 A4
OF NEW PRINT ROW ASL IMASK,X ;UPDATE ROW MASK FOR DOT PATTERNS OF NEW PRINT COLUMN LDA #0 ;CLEAR OUTPUT PATTERN STA IOUTL,X ;PATTERN FOR 8 RIGHT CHRS STA IOUTU,X ;PATTERN FOR 2 LEFT SOLEN STA IBITU,X ;OUTPUT MSK FOR LEFTMOST SOLEN LDA #1 STA IBITL,X ;OUTPUT MSK FOR RIGHTMOST SOLEN ;GET ADDRESS OF DOT PATTERN TABLE FOR NEXT COLUMN LDA ICOL,X ;GET COLUMN NUMBER (0-4) ASL A ;*2 ,INDEX INTO TBL OF TBL ADDRS TAY LDA MTBL,Y ;LSB OF ADDR OF TABLE STA JUMP,X ;PTR TO TBL WITH DOT PATTERNS LDA MTBL+1,Y ;MSB OF TABLE ADDRESS STA JUMP+1,X LDA #18 ;COMPUTE INDEX INTO PRNTR BUFFER ORA IOFFST,X ;+1 IF RIGHT CHR TAX RTS ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;OUTPUT ACC TO TAPE BUFFER SUBROUTINE ; & WHEN FULL OUTPUT BUFF TO TAPE. ; IF INFLG=OUTFLG= T USE TWO BUFFERS ;OTHERWISE USE SAME BUFFER FOR INPUT ;AND OUTPUT (MONIT BUFFER) TOBYTE JSR PHXY ;SAVE X LDX TAPTR2 ;TAPE BUFFER POINTER FOR OUTPUT JSR BKCK2 ;STORE IN BUFFER INX STX TAPTR2 ;FOR NEXT CPX #80 ;BUFFER FULL? BNE TABY3 ;NO , GO BACK ;OUTPUT A BLOCK FROM BUFFER TO TAPE JSR BKCKSM ;COMPUT BLOCK CHECKSUM JSR TAOSET ;SET TAPE FOR OUTPUT LDA #'#' ;CHAR FOR BEGINNING JSR OUTTAP ;OF BLOCK ;OUTPUT CHRS FROM ACTIVE BUFFER TABY2 JSR CKBUFF ;LOAD CHR FROM ACTIVE BUFFER JSR OUTTAP ; FROM BUFFER INX CPX #83 ;2 BLOCK CKSUM CHR + 1 EXTRA CHR.. BNE TABY2 ;OTHERWISE ERROR LDA DRB AND #$CF ;TURN TAPES OFF PB5,PB4 STA DRB CLI ;ENABLE INTERRUPT LDA #0 STA TAPTR2 ;CLR TAPE BUFF PTR LDA #T1I ;RESET FREE RUNNING TO 1 SHOT STA ACR JSR PAT22 ;ADD 1 TO BLK COUNT & OUTPUT LDA BLKO ;PUT BLK CNT IN FIRST LOC (TABUFF) JSR TOBYTE TABY3 JSR PLXY RTS
20 AE 20 E8 8E E0 D0 20 20 A9 20 20 20 E8 E0 D0 AD 29 8D 58 A9 8D A9 8D 20 AD 20 20 60
9E EB 37 A4 0F F2 37 A4 50 32 E7 F1 1D F2 23 4A F2 D2 F1 4A F2 53 F5 00 A8 CF 00 A8 00 37 00 0B 9A 68 8B AC A4 A8 FF 01 F1 EB
2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706 2707 2708
F1D2 F1D2 F1D2 F1D5 F1D8 F1DA F1DC F1DE F1DF F1E1 F1E2 F1E3 F1E6 F1E7 F1E7 F1E7 F1E7 F1E9 F1EC F1EF F1F1 F1F4 F1F5 F1F8 F1FB F1FD F200 F201 F203 F205 F208 F20B F20C F20F F210 F213 F214 F216 F219 F21A F21C F21D F21D F21D F220 F223 F226 F228 F22B F22D F230 F232 F235 F238 F23A F23D F240 F243 F246 F247 F249 F24A
AD CD D0 C9 D0 38 B5 60 18 BD 60
12 A4 13 A4 08 54 04 AD 16 01
;CHCK ACTIVE BUFFER AND LOAD A CHR ;CARRY=0 IF ONLY 1 BUFFER ,C=1 IF 2 BUFFERS CKBUFF LDA INFLG CMP OUTFLG BNE CBUFF1 CMP #'T' ;SEE IF INFLG=OUTFLG = T BNE CBUFF1 SEC ;USE PAGE 1 FOR OUTPUT BUFFER LDA TABUF2,X RTS CBUFF1 CLC ;USE SAME BUFFER FOR I/O LDA TABUFF,X RTS ;COMPUTE BLOCK CHECKSUM & PUT IT ;AT THE END OF ACTIVE BUFFER BKCKSM LDA #0 ;CLEAR BLK CKSUM LOCAT STA TABUFF+80 STA TABUFF+81 LDX #79 BKCK1 JSR CKBUFF ;GET CHR FROM EITHER BUFFER CLC ADC TABUFF+80 ;ADD TO CKSUM STA TABUFF+80 BCC *+5 INC TABUFF+81 DEX BPL BKCK1 ;DO THE WHOLE BUFFER LDX #80 LDA TABUFF+80 ;PUT CKSUM INTO RIGHT BUFFER JSR BKCK2 INX LDA TABUFF+81 BKCK2 PHA ;OUTPUT A CHAR TO RIGHT BUFFER JSR CKBUFF ;GET WHICH BUFFER PLA BCS BKCK3 ;BRNCH TO SECOND BUFFER STA TABUFF,X RTS BKCK3 STA TABUF2,X ;TO PAG 1 RTS ;SET TAPE (1 OR 2) FOR OUTPUT TAOSET JSR SETSPD ;SET UP SPEED (# OF HALF PULSES) LDA TAPOUT ;OUTPUT FLG (TAPE 1 OR 2) JSR TIOSET ;SET PB4 OR PB5 TO ZERO LDA #DATOUT+MOFF ;SET CA2=0 (DATA OUT) STA PCR LDA #T1FR ;SET TIMER IN FREE RUNNING STA ACR LDA #00 STA T1CH ;START TIMER T1 LDX GAP ;OUTPUT 4*GAP SYN BYTES TAOS1 LDA #$16 ;SYN CHAR JSR OUTTAP ;TO TAPE JSR OUTTAP JSR OUTTAP JSR OUTTAP DEX BNE TAOS1 RTS
A9 8D 8D A2 20 18 6D 8D 90 EE CA 10 A2 AD 20 E8 AD 48 20 68 B0 9D 60 95 60 20 AD 20 A9 8D A9 8D A9 8D AE A9 20 20 20 20 CA D0 60
00 66 01 67 01 4F D2 F1 66 01 66 01 03 67 01 EE 50 66 01 0F F2 67 01 D2 F1 04 16 01 AD
C0 35 1C EC 0C C0 0B 00 05 09 16 4A 4A 4A 4A EF
F2 A4 EE A8 A8 A8 A4 F2 F2 F2 F2
2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 2730 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2768 2769 2770
F24A F24A F24D F24F F252 F255 F257 F258 F25A F25D F260 F261 F264 F267 F269 F26C F26F F271 F274 F275 F277 F278 F27B F27D F27F F280 F282 F284 F286 F289 F28B F28C F28F F290 F290 F290 F290 F291 F294 F296 F298 F29B F29D F2A0 F2A3 F2A6 F2A8 F2AA F2AD F2AF F2B2 F2B5 F2B6 F2B8 F2B9 F2BB F2BE F2BF F2C0 F2C0 F2C0 F2C3
8E A0 8C AE 30 48 A0 8C BE 48 B9 8D A9 8D 2C 50 AD CA D0 68 CE F0 30 4A 90 A0 F0 CE 10 68 AE 60
2D A4 07 27 A4 08 A4 39 02 28 A4 0A A4 0B 06 00 07 0D FB 04 EA 28 A4 05 07 DB 00 D7 27 A4 CD 2D A4 A4 A8 A8 A8 A8
;OUTPUT ACC TO TAPE OUTTAP STX CPIY+3 LDY #$07 STY STIY LDX TSPEED BMI OUTTA1 PHA TRY LDY #2 STY STIY+1 ZON LDX NPUL,Y PHA ZON1 LDA TIMG,Y STA T1LL LDA #0 STA T1LH ZON2 BIT IFR BVC ZON2 LDA T1L DEX BNE ZON1 PLA DEC STIY+1 BEQ SETZ BMI ROUT LSR A BCC ZON SETZ LDY #0 BEQ ZON ROUT DEC STIY BPL TRY ROUT1 PLA LDX CPIY+3 RTS ;OUTPUT HALF PULSE FOR ;TWO HALF PULSES FOR 1 OUTTA1 PHA STA STIY+1 OUTTA2 LDX #2 LDA #$D0 STA T1LL LDA #00 STA T1LH JSR PATC25 LSR STIY+1 BCS OUTTA3 LDA #$A0 STA T1LL LDA #$01 STA T1LH OUTTA3 JSR PATC25 DEX BPL OUTTA3 DEY BPL OUTTA2 JMP ROUT1 NOP NOP
;SAVE X ;FOR THE 8 BITS ;IF ONE IS SUPER HIPER ;SEND 3 UNITS ;STARTING AT 3700 HZ ;#OF HALF CYCLES ;SET UP LACTH FOR NEXT ;PULSE (80 OR CA) (FREC) ;WAIT FOR PREVIOUS ;CYCLE (T1 INT FLG) ;CLR INTERR FLG ;SEND ALL CYCLES ;BRCH IF LAST ONE ;BRCH IF NO MORE ;TAKE NEXT BIT ;...IF IT'S A ONE... ;SWITCH TO 2400 HZ ;UNCONDITIONAL BRCH ;ONE LESS BIT ;ANY MORE? GO BACK ;RECOVER CHR ;RESTORE X 0 (1200 HZ) & (2400 HZ) (00 TSPEED) ;STORE ACC ;# OF HALF PULSES ;1/2 PULSE OF 2400
48 8D A2 A9 8D A9 8D 20 4E B0 A9 8D A9 8D 20 CA 10 88 10 4C EA EA
28 02 D0 06 00 07 BC 28 0A A0 06 01 07 BC FA
A4 A8 A8 FF A4 A8 A8 FF
;WAIT TILL COMPLETED ;GET BITS FROM CHR ;BIT=0 ,OUTPUT 1200 HZ
;OUTPUT 3 HALF PULSES ;ALL BITS ? ;RESTORE REGS
D9 8B F2
AD 08 A4 6A
;SET SPEED FROM NORMAL TO 3 TIMES NORMAL SETSPD LDA TSPEED ;SPEED FLG ROR A ;NORMAL OR 3* NORM
2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2787 2788 2789 2790 2790 2791 2791 2792 2792 2793 2793 2794 2794 2795 2795 2796 2796 2797 2797 2798 2799 2800 2800 2801 2801 2802 2802 2803 2803 2804 2804 2805 2805 2806 2806 2807 2807 2808 2809 2810 2810 2811 2811 2812 2812
F2C4 F2C6 F2C8 F2CA F2CD F2CF F2D1 F2D3 F2D6 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2D7 F2DD F2E1 F2E1 F2E1 F2E7 F2E9 F2EF F2F1 F2F7 F2F9 F2FF F301 F307 F309 F30F F311 F317 F319 F31F F321 F321 F321 F327 F329 F32F F331 F337 F339 F33F F341 F347 F349 F34F F351 F357 F359 F35F F361 F361 F361 F367 F369 F36F F371 F377
A9 90 A9 8D A9 90 A9 8D 60
0C 02 04 0A A4 12 02 06 0C A4
LDA #12 BCC SETSP1 LDA #4 SETSP1 STA NPUL LDA #18 BCC SETSP2 LDA #6 SETSP2 STA TIMG+1 RTS ;.FILE A3/2
; ADDRESS TABLE FOR EACH PRINT COLUMN ; EACH TBL CONTAINS DOT PATTERNS FOR 1 OF THE 5 COLUMNS. ; DATA ARE STORED WITH EACH BYTE DEFINING ONE COLUMN... ; OF A CHARACTER, WITH THE TOP DOT CORRESPONDING TO THE.. ; LSB IN THE BYTE E1F221F361F3MTBL .DW COL0,COL1,COL2,COL3,COL4 A1F3E1F3 ;DOT PATTERNS FOR COLUMN ZERO (LEFTMOST COLUMN) 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 .DB $3E,$7E,$7F,$3E,$7F,$7F,$7F,$3E ;@ -7F3E 7F00207F7F7F .DB $7F,$00,$20,$7F,$7F,$7F,$7F,$3E ;H -7F3E 7F3E7F46013F .DB $7F,$3E,$7F,$46,$01,$3F,$07,$7F ;P -077F 6307617F0300 .DB $63,$07,$61,$7F,$03,$00,$02,$40 ;X -0240 000000142463 .DB $00,$00,$00,$14,$24,$63,$60,$00 ; -6000 000014084008 .DB $00,$00,$14,$08,$40,$08,$40,$60 ;( -4060 3E4462411827 .DB $3E,$44,$62,$41,$18,$27,$3C,$01 ;0 -3C01 364600400814 .DB $36,$46,$00,$40,$08,$14,$41,$02 ;8 -4102 ;DOT PATTERNS FOR COLUMN 1 410949414149COL1 .DB $41,$09,$49,$41,$41,$49,$09,$41 0941 084140084002 .DB $08,$41,$40,$08,$40,$02,$06,$41 0641 094109490140 .DB $09,$41,$09,$49,$01,$40,$18,$20 1820 140851410400 .DB $14,$08,$51,$41,$04,$00,$01,$40 0140 0000077F2A13 .DB $00,$00,$07,$7F,$2A,$13,$4E,$04 4E04 1C4108083008 .DB $1C,$41,$08,$08,$30,$08,$00,$10 0010 514251411445 .DB $51,$42,$51,$41,$14,$45,$4A,$71 4A71 494900341414 .DB $49,$49,$00,$34,$14,$14,$41,$01 4101 ;DOT PATTERNS FOR COLUMN 2 5D0949414149COL2 .DB $5D,$09,$49,$41,$41,$49,$09,$41 0941 087F4114400C .DB $08,$7F,$41,$14,$40,$0C,$08,$41 0841 095119497F40 .DB $09,$51,$19,$49,$7F,$40,$60,$18 6018 G O W ( ' / 7 ?
;@ -- G ;H -- O ;P -- W ;X -- ( ; -- '
;( -- / ;0 -- 7 ;8 -- ?
;@ -- G ;H -- O ;P -- W
2813 2813 2814 2814 2815 2815 2816 2816 2817 2817 2818 2819 2820 2820 2821 2821 2822 2822 2823 2823 2824 2824 2825 2825 2826 2826 2827 2827 2828 2829 2829 2830 2830 2831 2831 2832 2832 2833 2833 2834 2834 2835 2835 2836 2836 2837 2838 2839 2839 2840 2840 2841 2841 2842 2842 2843 2843 2844 2844 2845 2845 2846
F379 F37F F381 F387 F389 F38F F391 F397 F399 F39F F3A1 F3A1 F3A1 F3A7 F3A9 F3AF F3B1 F3B7 F3B9 F3BF F3C1 F3C7 F3C9 F3CF F3D1 F3D7 F3D9 F3DF F3E1 F3E1 F3E7 F3E9 F3EF F3F1 F3F7 F3F9 F3FF F401 F407 F409 F40F F411 F417 F419 F41F F421 F421 F421 F427 F429 F42F F431 F437 F439 F43F F441 F447 F449 F44F F451 F457 F459
087849410841 0140 004F00147F08 5902 22223E3E0008 0008 497F51491245 4909 494944002214 2251
.DB $08,$78,$49,$41,$08,$41,$01,$40 .DB $00,$4F,$00,$14,$7F,$08,$59,$02 .DB $22,$22,$3E,$3E,$00,$08,$00,$08 .DB $49,$7F,$51,$49,$12,$45,$49,$09 .DB $49,$49,$44,$00,$22,$14,$22,$51
;X -- ( ; -- '
;( -- / ;0 -- 7 ;8 -- ?
;DOT PATTERNS FOR COLUMN 3 550949412249COL3 .DB $55,$09,$49,$41,$22,$49,$09,$49 0949 08413F224002 .DB $08,$41,$3F,$22,$40,$02,$30,$41 3041 092129490140 .DB $09,$21,$29,$49,$01,$40,$18,$20 1820 140845001041 .DB $14,$08,$45,$00,$10,$41,$01,$40 0140 0000077F2A64 .DB $00,$00,$07,$7F,$2A,$64,$26,$01 2601 411C08080008 .DB $41,$1C,$08,$08,$00,$08,$00,$04 0004 454049557F45 .DB $45,$40,$49,$55,$7F,$45,$49,$05 4905 492900004114 .DB $49,$29,$00,$00,$41,$14,$14,$09 1409 ;DOT PATTERNS FOR COLUMN 4 1E7E36221C41COL4 .DB $1E,$7E,$36,$22,$1C,$41,$01,$7A 017A 7F000141407F .DB $7F,$00,$01,$41,$40,$7F,$7F,$3E 7F3E 065E4631013F .DB $06,$5E,$46,$31,$01,$3F,$07,$7F 077F 63074300607F .DB $63,$07,$43,$00,$60,$7F,$02,$40 0240 000000141263 .DB $00,$00,$00,$14,$12,$63,$50,$00 5000 000014080008 .DB $00,$00,$14,$08,$00,$08,$00,$03 0003 3E4046221039 .DB $3E,$40,$46,$22,$10,$39,$31,$03 3103 361E00004114 .DB $36,$1E,$00,$00,$41,$14,$08,$06 0806 ;ASCII 2008000D0000ROW1 0000 00605C000000ROW2 7F00 2E4C502D3A30ROW3 3B2F 4D4A494F3938ROW4 4B2C 424759553736ROW5 484E 434452543534ROW6 4656 5A4157453332ROW7 5358 00001B51315EROW8 CHARACTERS FOR KB .DB $20,$08,$00,$0D,$00,$00,$00,$00 .DB $00,$60,'\',$00,$00,$00,$7F,$00 .DB ".LP-:0;/" .DB "MJIO98K," .DB "BGYU76HN" .DB "CDRT54FV" .DB "ZAWE32SX" .DB $00,$00,$1B,"Q1",$5E,"]["
;@ -- G ;H -- O ;P -- W ;X -- ( ; -- '
;( -- / ;0 -- 7 ;8 -- ? ;@ -- G ;H -- O ;P -- W ;X -- ( ; -- '
;( -- / ;0 -- 7 ;8 -- ?
2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907
F45F F461 F461 F461 F464 F466 F469 F46C F46C F46F F472 F474 F477 F478 F479 F47B F47C F47E F480 F482 F484 F486 F487 F488 F48B F48D F48E F48F F490 F491 F493 F495 F497 F499 F49A F49D F4A0 F4A2 F4A4 F4A5 F4A7 F4A8 F4A9 F4AB F4AD F4AF F4B0 F4B2 F4B3 F4B4 F4B6 F4B7 F4B9 F4BA F4BB F4BD F4BE F4C1 F4C4 F4C7 F4C8 F4C9
5D5B AD F0 20 20 20 20 A0 20 A8 4A 90 4A B0 C9 F0 29 09 4A AA BD B0 4A 4A 4A 4A 29 D0 A0 A9 AA BD 8D 29 85 98 29 AA 98 A0 E0 F0 4A 90 4A 4A 09 88 D0 C8 88 D0 48 20 20 20 68 A8 B9 0E A4 06 32 E2 24 EA 45 F5 3C F5 00 56 EB 0B 17 22 13 07 80 5B F5 04 ;DISASSEMBLE INSTRUCTIONS AND SHOW REGS IS REGF SET REGQ LDA REGF ;GET FLAG BEQ DISASM JSR REG1 ;SHOW THE SIX REGS JSR CRCK ;<CR> DISASM JSR JSR LDY JSR TAY LSR BCC LSR BCS CMP BEQ AND ORA IEVEN LSR TAX LDA BCS LSR LSR LSR LSR RTMODE AND BNE ERR LDY LDA GETFMT TAX LDA STA AND STA TYA AND TAX TYA LDY CPX BEQ MNNDX1 LSR BCC LSR MNNDX2 LSR ORA DEY BNE INY MNNDX3 DEY BNE PHA JSR JSR JSR PLA TAY LDA PRBL2 PRPC #0 PCLLD A IEVEN A ERR #$22 ERR #7 #$80 A MODE,X RTMODE A A A A #$F GETFMT #$80 #0 MODE2,X FORMA #3 LENGTH #$8F #3 #$8A MNNDX3 A MNNDX3 A A #$20 MNNDX2 MNNDX1 PCLLD NUMA PRBL2 MNEML,Y ;OPCODE ;OPCODE IN A AGAIN ;OUTPUT PROG COUNTR
0F 04 80 00 9F F5 16 01 03 EA 8F 03 8A 0B 08 20 FA F2 56 EB 46 EA 45 F5 B9 F5
;SAVE MNEMONIC TABLE INDEX ;PRINT LAST BLANK
2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969
F4CC F4CF F4D2 F4D5 F4D7 F4D9 F4DB F4DE F4E1 F4E2 F4E3 F4E5 F4E7 F4EA F4EB F4ED F4F0 F4F2 F4F4 F4F7 F4F9 F4FB F4FD F4FF F502 F504 F507 F509 F509 F50A F50D F50F F512 F512 F513 F516 F517 F519 F51C F51E F521 F524 F527 F529 F52C F52D F52F F530 F533 F534 F535 F537 F538 F539 F53C F53F F542 F545 F547 F54A F54C F54D
8D B9 8D A2 A9 A0 0E 2E 2A 88 D0 69 20 CA D0 20 A2 A9 8D E0 D0 A4 F0 AD C9 20 B0
17 F9 18 03 00 05 18 17
01 F5 01
01 01
F6 BF BC E9 EA 45 06 00 29 03 1E EA 1A 16 E8 56 27 F5 A4
01 EB
48 AD 29 A4 D0 03 EE 29 A4 68 20 88 D0 0E 90 BD 20 BD F0 20 CA D0 60 20 AA E8 D0 C8 98 4C AD AE 20 A9 4C A5 38 AC 46 EA E6 16 0E AC BC B2 03 BC C8 4D F5 01 42 26 25 42 20 BC EA EA A4 A4 EA E9 01 F5 E9 F5 E9
STA LMNEM LDA MNEMR,Y STA RMNEM LDX #3 PRMN1 LDA #0 LDY #5 PRMN2 ASL RMNEM ROL LMNEM ROL A DEY BNE PRMN2 ADC #'?'+$80 JSR OUTALL DEX BNE PRMN1 JSR PRBL2 LDX #6 LDA #0 STA STIY+2 PRADR1 CPX #3 BNE PRADR3 LDY LENGTH BEQ PRADR3 PRADR2 LDA FORMA CMP #$E8 JSR PCLLD BCS RELADR ;SE IF SYMBOL PHA LDA STIY+2 BNE MR11A INC STIY+2 MR11A PLA JSR DEY BNE ASL BCC LDA JSR LDA BEQ JSR DEX BNE RTS JSR TAX INX BNE INY TYA JMP LDA LDX JSR LDA JMP LDA SEC LDY NUMA PRADR2 FORMA PRADR4 CHAR1-1,X OUTALL CHAR2-1,X PRADR4 OUTALL PRADR1 PCADJ3 PRNTXY WRAX SAVPC+1 SAVPC WRAX #' ' OUTALL LENGTH SAVPC+1
;MUST BE
;ADD "?" OFFSET
;FLAG ;IF X=3 PRINT ADDR VALUE ;1 BYTE INSTR ;RELATIVE ADDRESSING
;SHOW WE WERE HERE
PRADR3
PRADR4 RELADR
PRNTXY PRPC PRBL2
;PRINT A &X ;PRINT PC
26 A4
PCADJ3
;PRG CNTR HIGH
2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2978 2979 2979 2980 2980 2981 2981 2982 2982 2983 2983 2984 2985 2986 2986 2987 2988 2989 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2995 2996 2997 2997 2998 2998 2999 2999 3000 3000 3001 3001 3002 3002 3003 3003 3004 3005 3005 3006 3007 3007 3008 3008 3009 3009 3010 3010
F550 F551 F553 F554 F557 F559 F55A F55B F55B F561 F563 F569 F56B F571 F573 F579 F57B F581 F583 F589 F58B F58F F593 F599 F59B F59F F59F F5A5 F5A7 F5AD F5AD F5B3 F5B9 F5B9 F5BF F5C0 F5C1 F5C7 F5C9 F5CF F5D1 F5D7 F5D9 F5DF F5E1 F5E7 F5E9 F5EF F5F1 F5F7 F5F9 F5F9 F5FF F600 F601 F607 F609 F60F F611 F617 F619 F61F
AA 10 01 88 6D 25 A4 90 01 C8 60
TAX BPL PCADJ4 DEY PCADJ4 ADC SAVPC BCC RTS1 INY RTS1 RTS
;PROG CNTR LOW
40024503D008MODE 4009 30224533D008 4009 40024533D008 4009 400245B3D008 4009 00224433D08C 4400 11224433D08C 449A 10 22 44 33 D0 08 40 09 10224433D008 4009 62 13 78 A9 002101020080MODE2 594D 1112064A051D 2C292C23282ECHAR1 590058000041CHAR2 1C8A1C235D8BMNEML 1B A1 9D8A1D239D8B 1DA1 002919AE69A8 1923 24531B232453 19A1 001A5B5BA569 2424 AEAEA8AD2900 7C00 159C6D9CA569 2953 84133411A569 23A0 D8625A482662MNEMR 94 88 5444C8546844 E894 00B4088474B4 286E 74F4CC4A72F2 A48A 00AAA2A27474 7472
.DB $40,2,$45,3,$D0,8,$40,9 .DB $30,$22,$45,$33,$D0,8,$40,9 .DB $40,2,$45,$33,$D0,8,$40,9 .DB $40,2,$45,$B3,$D0,8,$40,9 .DB 0,$22,$44,$33,$D0,$8C,$44,0 .DB $11,$22,$44,$33,$D0,$8C,$44,$9A .DB $10,$22,$44,$33 .DB $D0,8,$40,9 .DB $10,$22,$44,$33,$D0,8,$40,9 .DB $62,$13,$78,$A9 .DB 0,$21,1,2,0,$80,$59,$4D .DB $11,$12,6,$4A,5,$1D .DB ",",$29,",#(","." .DB "Y",0,"X",0,0,"A" .DB $1C,$8A,$1C,$23,$5D,$8B,$1B .DB $A1 .DB $9D,$8A,$1D,$23,$9D,$8B,$1D,$A1 .DB 0,$29,$19,$AE,$69,$A8,$19,$23 .DB $24,$53,$1B,$23,$24,$53,$19,$A1 .DB 0,$1A,$5B,$5B,$A5,$69,$24,$24 .DB $AE,$AE,$A8,$AD,$29,0,$7C,0 .DB $15,$9C,$6D,$9C,$A5,$69,$29,$53 .DB $84,$13,$34,$11,$A5,$69,$23,$A0 .DB $D8,$62,$5A,$48,$26,$62,$94 .DB $88 .DB $54,$44,$C8,$54,$68,$44,$E8,$94 .DB 0,$B4,8,$84,$74,$B4,$28,$6E .DB $74,$F4,$CC,$4A,$72,$F2,$A4,$8A .DB 0,$AA,$A2,$A2,$74,$74,$74,$72
3011 3011 3012 3012 3013 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069
F621 F627 F629 F62F F631 F637 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F639 F63C F63E F641 F644 F647 F649 F64C F64E F651 F653 F656 F658 F65A F65D F65E F660 F663 F666 F668 F66B F66E F670 F673 F676 F678 F67A F67D F680 F683 F685 F688 F68A F68D F68D F690
4468B232B200 2200 1A1A26267272 88C8 C4CA26484444 A2C8
.DB $44,$68,$B2,$32,$B2,0,$22,0 .DB $1A,$1A,$26,$26,$72,$72,$88,$C8 .DB $C4,$CA,$26,$48,$44,$44,$A2,$C8 ;******************************* ;*** AIM TEXT EDITOR *** ;*** 05/01/78 *** ;******************************* ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; R=READ FROM ANY INPUT DEVICE I=INSERT A LINE FROM INPUT DEV K=DELETE A LINE U-GO UP ONE LINE D=GO DOWN ONE LINE L=LIST LINES TO OUTPUT DEV T=GO TO TOP OF TEXT B=GO TO BOTTOM OF TEXT F=FIND STRING C=CHANGE STRING TO NEW STRING Q=QUIT EDITOR <SPACE>=DISPLAY CURRENT LINE
20 A0 20 20 20 B0 AD F0 20 A2 BD 95 95 9D CA 10 20 20 B0 20 AD F0 20 20 90 A9 8D 20 AD 85 AD 85 20
13 6C AF 13 A3 FB 1E 03 DB 01 1C E3 E1 1A F3 3B A7 FB BC 1E 10 34 B6 FB 00 1C DB 1C E5 1D E6 34
EA E7 EA E7 A4 E2 A4 A4 E8 E7 F8 A4 F9 F6 A4 E2 A4 A4 F9
20 B6 F6 90 FB
;***** E COMMAND-EDITOR ENTRY (FROM MONITOR) ***** EDIT JSR CRLOW LDY #EMSG1-M1 JSR KEP ;START UP MSG JSR CRLOW EDI0 JSR FROM BCS EDI0 LDA CKSUM ;IS CLR IF ADDR WAS INPUTTED BEQ *+5 JSR WRITAZ ;OUTPUT DEFAULT ADDR (0200) LDX #1 EDI1 LDA ADDR,X STA TEXT,X STA BOTLN,X STA S1,X ;FOR MEMORY TEST DEX BPL EDI1 JSR BLANK2 EDI2 JSR TO ;END BCS EDI2 JSR TOPNO ;TRANSF TEXT TO ADDR FOR RAM CHECK LDA CKSUM ;IS CLR IF ADDR WAS INPUTTED BEQ EDI4 ;BRNCH IF NOT DEFAULT VALUE JSR SAVNOW EDI3 JSR EDI ;CARRY IS SET IF NO RAM THERE BCC EDI3 LDA #0 ;SET UPPER LIMIT TO BEGINNING... STA ADDR ;OF PAGE JSR WRITAZ ;OUTPUT DEFAULT VALUE ,UPPER LIMIT EDI4 LDA ADDR STA END LDA ADDR+1 STA END+1 JSR SAVNOW ;NOW SEE IF MEMORY IS THERE EDI5 JSR EDI BCC EDI5
3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131
F692 F694 F697 F699 F69B F69E F6A0 F6A2 F6A5 F6A7 F6AA F6AC F6AE F6B0 F6B3 F6B6 F6B6 F6B8 F6BB F6BC F6BE F6C1 F6C3 F6C4 F6C7 F6CA F6CB F6CC F6CD F6CE F6CF F6CF F6CF F6CF F6D2 F6D5 F6D8 F6D8 F6D8 F6D8 F6D8 F6DB F6DD F6E0 F6E3 F6E5 F6E8 F6EB F6EE F6F0 F6F2 F6F4 F6F6 F6F9 F6F9 F6F9 F6F9 F6F9 F6FC F6FF F702 F704
A5 CD F0 B0 20 A9 91 20 A9 4C A5 F0 A9 8D 4C A0 20 48 A9 20 D0 68 20 EE 18 60 38 68 60
E6 1D 11 13 BC 00 DF 13 52 8D E5 ED 00 1C 33
A4 F8 EA FA EDI7 A4 EB EDI8 EDI6
LDA CMP BEQ BCS JSR LDA STA JSR LDA JMP LDA BEQ LDA STA JMP LDY JSR PHA LDA JSR BNE PLA JSR INC CLC RTS SEC PLA RTS
END+1 ADDR+1 EDI7 EDI8 TOPNO #0 (NOWLN),Y CRLOW #'R' ENTRY END EDI6 #0 ADDR MEMERR #0 PATCH6 #$AA SADDR EDI2B SADDR ADDR+1
;CMP WITH END
;RESTORE NOWLN ;END OF TEXT MARKER ;FORCE READ COMMAND ;IF ZERO MEM IS OKAY
;NO MEMORY FOR THOSE LIMITS ;CHCK IF MEMORY WRITES ;GET BYTE ADDR BY ADDR,ADDR+1 ;SAVE IT ;SET THIS PATTERN ;CHCK IT ;RESTORE CHR ;NEXT PAG ;IT WROTE ;DIDNT WRITE
00 B7 FE AA 78 EB 09 78 EB 1D A4
EDI
EDI2B
20 24 EA 20 BC F8 4C B9 F7
;***** T COMMAND-REENTRY EDITOR ***** ;RE-ENTRY POINT,TEXT ALREADY THERE REENTR JSR CRCK ;<CR> IF PRI ON TP JSR TOPNO ;GO TO TOP JMP IN03A ;DISPLAY LINE ;***** U COMMAND-UP LINE ***** ;GO UP ONE LINE BUT... ;DOWN IN ADDRESSING MEMORY DNNO JSR ATTOP ;THIS RTN DOESNT PRINT BCC DOW1 ;NOT TOP JSR PLNE ;ARE AT TOP JMP ERR0 DOW1 LDY #0 JSR SUB ;DECREMENT NOWLN PAST <CR> DOW2 JSR SUB JSR ATTOP BCS UP4 LDA (NOWLN),Y CMP #CR BNE DOW2 JMP AD1 ;***** D COMMAND-DOWN LINE ***** ;GO DOWN ONE LINE BUT... ;UP IN ADDRESSING MEMORY UP JSR UPNO JSR PLNE ;DISPLAY LINE & CHCK BOTTOM JSR ATBOT BCC UP4 LDY #EMSG2-M1 ;PRINT "END"
20 90 20 4C A0 20 20 20 B0 B1 C9 D0 4C
DB 06 27 78 00 1D 1D DB 30 DF 0D F2 28
F8 F7 FA F9 F9 F8
F9
20 20 20 90 A0
09 F7 27 F7 E9 F8 1C 72
3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193
F706 F709 F70B F70E F710 F713 F715 F717 F718 F71A F71C F71D F720 F721 F721 F721 F724 F724 F727 F727 F727 F729 F72B F72D F72F F731 F734 F737 F738 F73B F73D F73F F742 F744 F746 F749 F74C F74C F74C F74C F74F F750 F751 F752 F755 F758 F75A F75C F75E F761 F764 F764 F764 F767 F76A F76D F770 F772 F774 F777 F77A F77D
4C A0 20 90 4C B1 F0 C8 C9 D0 98 20 60
AF E7 00 E9 F8 03 5C FA DF 09 0D F7 2A F9
UPNO
UP1
UP4 ;***** BT ;START DOWN
JMP LDY JSR BCC JMP LDA BEQ INY CMP BNE TYA JSR RTS
KEP #0 ATBOT UP1 ENDERR (NOWLN),Y UP4 #CR UP1 ADDA ;ADD LENGTH TO CURRENT LINE
20 C5 F8 20 D8 F6 A0 B1 F0 C9 F0 20 99 C8 4C 84 84 AC C0 F0 4C 4C 00 DF 0E 0D 0A BC E9 38 A4 29 EA E9 13 0D 03 F0 24 F7 A4 E9 EA
B COMMAND-GO TO BOTTOM ***** JSR SETBOT U-COMMAND HERE JSR DNNO ;U COMMAND
;***** <SPACE> COMMAND-DISPLAY CURRENT LINE ***** PLNE LDY #0 ;PRINT CURRENT LINE P02 LDA (NOWLN),Y BEQ P01 ;PAST END ? CMP #CR ;DONE? BEQ P01 JSR OUTALL ;PUT IT SOMEWHERE STA DIBUFF,Y INY JMP P02 P01 STY LENGTH STY OLDLEN P03 LDY OUTFLG ;ONE MORE <CR> FOR TAPE CPY #CR BEQ P00 JMP CRLF ;TO OUTPUT DEV P00 JMP CRCK ;<CR>, & DONT CLR DISPL ;***** K COMMAND-KILL LINE ***** ;DELETE CURRENT LINE DLNE JSR KIFLG ;CLR K OR I COMM FLG NOP NOP NOP JSR PLNE JSR ATBOT BCS PLNE ;AT END OF TEXT LDY #0 STY LENGTH JSR REPLAC ;KILL LINE JMP PLNE ;***** I COMMAND-INSERT LINE ***** IN JSR INL JSR UP ;DISPLAY NEXT LINE DOWN JMP ERR0 ;IF AT BOTTOM PRINT "END" INL JSR KIFLG ;CLR K OR I COMM FLG LDY #0 ;GET LINE INTO DIBUFF STY OLDLEN JSR PROMPT JSR CLR IN02 JSR INALL JSR PATC12 ;CLR, SO WE CAN OUTPUT TO PRI
20 EA EA EA 20 20 B0 A0 84 20 4C 20 20 4C 20 A0 84 20 20 20 20
B6 F8
27 E9 CD 00 EA 3F 27 6D F9 78 B6 00 E9 BD 44 93 F8
F7 F8
F9 F7 F7 F6 FA F8 E7 EB E9 FE
3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3232 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255
F780 F782 F785 F787 F789 F78B F78D F78F F791 F794 F795 F797 F799 F79B F79D F7A0 F7A3 F7A6 F7A8 F7AA F7AC F7AE F7B1 F7B3 F7B6 F7B9 F7BC F7BF F7C2 F7C5 F7C8 F7CB F7CB F7CB F7CB F7CB F7CE F7D1 F7D3 F7D5 F7D8 F7DB F7DE F7E1 F7E1 F7E1 F7E1 F7E4 F7E7 F7EA F7ED F7F0 F7F3 F7F6 F7F8 F7FB F7FE F801 F803 F806 F809 F80C
C9 4C C9 F0 C9 F0 C0 B0 99 C8 C0 D0 A0 A9 0D 8D 8C D0 84 C0 D0 AD D0 20 20 20 20 20 4C 20 4C
7F 2A FF 0A F1 0D 1B 3C 08 38 A4 3C E1 3C 01 11 11 15 D2 EA 00 17 19 12 24 03 27 09 D8 78 3F 24
IN02A
IN03B A4 A4 A4 IN03 A4 EA FF F7 F7 F6 FA F9 EA
IN03A
IN05
CMP JMP CMP BEQ CMP BEQ CPY BCS STA INY CPY BNE LDY LDA ORA STA STY BNE STY CPY BNE LDA BNE JSR JSR JSR JSR JSR JMP JSR JMP
#$7F PATC17 #LF IN02 #CR IN03 #60 IN03B DIBUFF,Y #60 IN02 #60 #$01 PRIFLG PRIFLG CURPO2 IN02 LENGTH #0 IN05 COUNT IN05 CRCK PATC13 PLNE UPNO DNNO ERR0 REPLAC CRCK
;RUB ;NO ZEROS IN CASE OF PAPER TAPE
;DO NOT INCR Y IF 60
;CONTIN , DISP WONT ALLOW > 60 CHR` ;SET Y TO MAX OF 60 ;DO NOT OUTPUT TO PRI ANY MORE ;OTHERWISE CLOBBERS THE BUFFER ;GO BACK ;FIRST CHAR? ;K OR I COMM FLG ? ;BRANCH IF C COMMAND ;<CR> IF PRI PNTR DIFF FROM 0 ;TURN ON TAPES & SET DEFAULT DEV ;DISPLAY NEXT LINE DOWN ;PRINT "END" IF BOTTOM ;INSERT THE LINE ;<CR> IF PRI PTR NOT 0
20 AC C0 F0 20 20 20 4C
48 12 54 03 13 6D 09 D8
E8 A4 EA F7 F7 F7
;***** R COMMAND-READ LINE ***** ;READ TEXT FROM ANY INPUT DEVICE UNTIL ;TWO CONSECUTIVE <CR> ARE ENCOUNTER. INPU JSR WHEREI LDY INFLG ;IF TAPE DO NOT ERRASE BUFFER CPY #'T' BEQ INPU1 JSR CRLOW INPU1 JSR INL JSR UPNO ;NEXT LINE JMP INPU1 ;***** L COMMAND-LIST LINES ***** ;PRINT FROM HERE N LINES TO ACTIVE OUTPUT DEV LST JSR PSL1 ;PRINT "/" JSR GCNT ;GET LINES COUNT JSR CRLOW JSR WHEREO ;WHERE TO JMP LST02 ;ONE MORE LINE LST01 JSR RCHEK JSR DONE BEQ LST3 LST02 JSR PLNE JSR UPNO ;NEXT LINE JSR ATBOT BCC LST01 ;NO LST3 JSR P03 ;ONE MORE CRLF FOR TAPE JSR PATC14 ;CLOSE TAPE IF NEEDED JMP ENDERR
20 20 20 20 4C 20 20 F0 20 20 20 90 20 20 4C
37 85 13 71 F8 07 90 0B 27 09 E9 ED 3F 0D 5C
E8 E7 EA E8 F7 E9 E7 F7 F7 F8 F7 FF FA
3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3296 3297 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317
F80C F80C F80C F80F F812 F813 F816 F819 F81A F81D F81E F81E F820 F823 F826 F828 F82A F82C F82E F831 F834 F836 F838 F83B F83C F83E F840 F843 F846 F849 F84B F84E F851 F853 F855 F857 F85A F85C F85E F860 F862 F865 F868 F869 F86A F86D F86F F870 F870 F870 F870 F873 F876 F876 F876 F876 F879 F87C F87F F881 F883 F886
20 AD 48 20 20 68 8D 60 A0 20 20 C9 D0 C0 D0 20 4C C9 F0 99 C8 C0 D0 4C 20 8C A0 8C AC A2 B1 D0 4C C9 F0 D5 F0 EE 4C C8 E8 EC D0 60
1E F8 15 A4 44 EB 27 F7 15 A4 00 BD 5F 0D 0A 00 06 09 49 0D 0B EB 14 E3 72 24 29 00 15 15 00 DF 03 5C 0D D0 EB 06 15 4E
E7 E9
F7 F8 00
FA EA A4 A4 A4
FA
A4 F8
29 A4 E4
;***** F COMMAND-FIND STRING ***** ;FIND STRING AND PRINT LINE TO TERMINAL FCHAR JSR FCH FCHA1 LDA CURPO2 ;SAVE BUFFER PNTR PHA JSR CLR ;CLEAR DISP PNTR JSR PLNE PLA STA CURPO2 RTS ;FIND A CHARACTER STRING FCH LDY #0 JSR PROMPT FC1 JSR RDRUP ;GET THE CHARACTER CMP #CR ;REUSE OLD ARGUMENT?? BNE FC3 CPY #0 ;FIRST CHAR? BNE FC3 FC2 JSR UPNO ;NEXT LINE DOWN JMP FC5 FC3 CMP #CR ;DONE BEQ FC4 STA STRING,Y INY CPY #20 ;MAX LENGTH BNE FC1 JMP ERROR FC4 JSR CRCK ;CLEAR DISPLAY STY STIY+2 ;COUNT OF CHARACTERS FC5 LDY #0 STY CURPO2 ;START AT BEGINNING OF LINENTR IS FC6 LDY CURPO2 ;CLOBBER LDX #0 FC7 LDA (NOWLN),Y ;GET THE CHARACTER BNE FC8 ;NOT AT END JMP ENDERR FC8 CMP #CR ;END OF LINE BEQ FC2 CMP STRING,X BEQ FC9 INC CURPO2 JMP FC6 FC9 INY INX CPX STIY+2 ;DONE? BNE FC7 RTS ;***** Q COMMAND-EXIT EDITOR ***** ; EXIT THE TEXT EDITOR NEATLY STOP JSR CRLOW JMP COMIN ;***** C COMMAND-CHANGE STRING ***** ;CHANGE STRING TO ANOTHER STRING IN A LINE CHNG JSR CFLG ;SET C COMMAND FLG JSR FCHAR ;FIND CORRECT LINE CHN1 JSR READ ;IS <CR> IF OK CMP #CR BEQ CHN2 JSR FC2 ;TRY NEXT ONE JSR FCHA1 ; SHOW LINE
20 13 EA 4C A1 E1
20 20 20 C9 F0 20 20
B2 0C 3C 0D 09 2E 0F
F8 F8 E9 F8 F8
3318 3319 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377 3378 3379
F889 F88C F88F F891 F894 F895 F898 F89B F89D F8A0 F8A2 F8A5 F8A6 F8A7 F8A9 F8AC F8AD F8AF F8B2 F8B2 F8B2 F8B4 F8B6 F8B8 F8BB F8BC F8BC F8BE F8C0 F8C2 F8C4 F8C5 F8C5 F8C7 F8C9 F8CB F8CD F8D0 F8D0 F8D3 F8D5 F8D8 F8DA F8DB F8DB F8DB F8DD F8DF F8E1 F8E3 F8E5 F8E7 F8E8 F8E9 F8E9 F8E9 F8EB F8ED F8EF F8F1 F8F3 F8F5
4C AD 85 AD 48 20 20 A0 20 A0 20 68 AA F0 20 CA D0 4C A9 D0 A9 8D 60 A5 A6 85 86 60 A5 A6 85 86 4C AD 85 AD 85 60 A5 C5 D0 A5 C5 D0 38 60 A5 A6 C5 D0 E4 D0 38
7C F8 29 A4 E9 15 A4 2A 44 05 AF 00 7A F9 EB E7 F7
CHN2
06 1D F9 FA 27 F7 01 02 00 19 A4 E3 E4 DF E0 E1 E2 E7 E8 C0 F8 1C A4 DF 1D A4 E0
CHN3 CHN4
JMP LDA STA LDA PHA JSR JSR LDY JSR LDY JSR PLA TAX BEQ JSR DEX BNE JMP
CHN1 STIY+2 OLDLEN CURPO2 ADDA CLR #M3-M1 KEP #0 IN02 CHN4 SUB CHN3 PLNE
;GET CHAR COUNT ;GET READY FOR REPLAC ;PNTR TO BEGINNING OF STRING ;SAVE IT ;ADD TO NOWLN (LINE PNTR) ;CLEAR DISP ;PRINT "TO" ;GET NEW STRING & REPLAC
;RESTORE NOWLN WHERE IT WAS ;DISPLAY THE CHANGED LINE
;THE FOLLOWING ARE SUBROUTINES USED BY COMMANDS CFLG LDA #1 ;SET FLG FOR C COMMAND BNE KI2 KIFLG LDA #0 ;CLR K OR I COMMAND FLG KI2 STA COUNT RTS TOPNO TPO1 LDA LDX STA STX RTS TEXT TEXT+1 NOWLN NOWLN+1 BOTLN BOTLN+1 SAVE SAVE+1 TPO1 ADDR NOWLN ADDR+1 NOWLN+1 ;SET CURRENT LINE TO TOP
SETBOT LDA LDX STA STX JMP RESNOW LDA STA LDA STA RTS
;SET CURRENT LINE TO BOTTOM
;RESTORE CURRENT LINE ADDRESS
DF E3 16 E0 E4 10
; SEE IF CURRENT LINE AT TOP (C SET IF SO) ATTOP LDA NOWLN CMP TEXT BNE AT01 LDA NOWLN+1 CMP TEXT+1 BNE AT01 SEC RTS ; SEE IF CURRENT LINE AT BOTTOM (C SET IF SO) ATBOT LDA NOWLN LDX NOWLN+1 CMP BOTLN BNE AT01 CPX BOTLN+1 BNE AT01 AT02 SEC
DF E0 E1 06 E2 02
3380 3381 3382 3383 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441
F8F6 F8F7 F8F8 F8F9 F8F9 F8F9 F8FB F8FD F8FF F901 F903 F905 F907 F909 F909 F909 F90B F90D F910 F910 F910 F913 F916 F919 F91C F91D F91D F91D F91F F921 F923 F925 F927 F928 F928 F928 F92A F92B F92D F92F F931 F933 F934 F934 F936 F939 F93B F93E F93F F93F F93F F93F F941 F943 F945 F947 F949 F94B F94E F94E F94E F94F
60 18 60 A5 A6 E4 90 D0 C5 90 B0 E1 E2 E6 F6 F2 E5 F0 EC
AT01
RTS CLC RTS RAN PAST END OF BUFFER LIMIT BOTLN BOTLN+1 END+1 ;HIGH BYTE > OR = ? AT01 AT02 END ;LOW BYTE > OR = ? AT01 AT02
;SEE IF WE ATEND LDA LDX CPX BCC BNE CMP BCC BCS
A5 DF A6 E0 4C 16 F9 AD AE 8D 8E 60 C6 A5 C9 D0 C6 60 A9 18 65 85 90 E6 60 A5 8D A5 8D 60 1C 1D 1A 1B A4 A4 A4 A4
; SAVE CURRENT LINE (NEWLN) IN S1 NOWS1 LDA NOWLN LDX NOWLN+1 JMP ADDS1A ; MOVE ADDR INTO S1 ADDRS1 LDA ADDR LDX ADDR+1 ADDS1A STA S1 STX S1+1 RTS ; SUBTRACT SUB DEC LDA CMP BNE DEC SUB1 RTS ONE FROM CURRENT LINE (NOWLN) NOWLN NOWLN #$FF SUB1 NOWLN+1
DF DF FF 02 E0
01 DF DF 02 E0 DF 1C A4 E0 1D A4
; ADD ACC TO CURRENT LINE (NOWLN) AD1 LDA #1 ADDA CLC ADC NOWLN STA NOWLN BCC ADDA1 INC NOWLN+1 ADDA1 RTS SAVNOW LDA STA LDA STA REP2 RTS NOWLN ADDR NOWLN+1 ADDR+1 ;SAVE CURRENT LINE INTO ADDR
A4 C4 D0 F0 A9 91 20
EA E9 1A 07 0D DF 4A FA
;MOVE CURRENT TEXT AROUND TO HAVE ;SPACE TO PUT IN THE NEW BUFFER REPLAC LDY LENGTH CPY OLDLEN ;COMPARE OLD AND NEW LENGTHS BNE R2W ;BRANCH IF DIFF BEQ R87 ;LENGTHS ARE EQUAL. JUST REPLACE R8 LDA #CR STA (NOWLN),Y JSR GOGO ;LENGTH = OLDLEN R87 DEY CPY #$FF
88 C0 FF
3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3456 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 3466 3467 3468 3469 3470 3471 3472 3473 3474 3475 3476 3477 3478 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 3493 3494 3495 3496 3497 3498 3499 3500 3501 3502 3503
F951 F953 F956 F958 F95B F95C F95E F95F F961 F961 F961 F964 F967 F969 F96A F96C F96E F970 F973 F975 F977 F978 F979 F97C F97F F981 F984 F986 F989 F98B F98E F98F F992 F994 F996 F999 F99B F99D F9A0 F9A3 F9A5 F9A8 F9AB F9AE F9AF F9B2 F9B4 F9B5 F9B8 F9BA F9BC F9BE F9C1 F9C3 F9C5 F9C7 F9C9 F9CB F9CC F9CF F9CF F9CF
F0 B9 91 20 88 10 60 B0 20 20 A5 38 E5 A4 D0 AE D0 69 48 18 6D 8D 90 EE A9 20 91 20 AA AD C5 D0 AD C5 F0 20 EE D0 EE 4C 20 68 8D A5 38 ED 85 B0 C6 AD D0 A4 D0 A4 D0 60 4C
EB 38 A4 DF 4A FA F5 6E 34 F9 10 F9 E9 EA EA 07 19 A4 02 00 1A 1A 03 1B 1A 58 DF 4A 1A E1 07 1B E2 0E 28 1A 03 1B 84 D0 A4 A4 A4 EB FA A4 A4 F9 A4 A4 F9 F8
R88
R2W
BEQ LDA STA JSR DEY BPL RTS BCS
REP2 DIBUFF,Y (NOWLN),Y GOGO R88 R100 ;LENGTH > OLDLEN ;PUT NOWLN INTO ADDR ;PUT IT IN S1 ALSO ;GET DIFFERENCE IN LENGTHS ;C-COMM ? ;YES, JUMP ;INCLUDE <CR>
2A A4 E1 2A A4 E1 02 E2 19 A4 04 EA 05 EA 83 47 F9
;LENGTH < OLDLEN JSR SAVNOW JSR ADDRS1 LDA OLDLEN SEC SBC LENGTH LDY LENGTH BNE RQP LDX COUNT BNE RQP ADC #0 RQP PHA CLC ADC S1 STA S1 BCC R6 INC S1+1 R6 LDA #S1 JSR LDAY STA (NOWLN),Y JSR GOGO TAX LDA S1 CMP BOTLN BNE R5 LDA S1+1 CMP BOTLN+1 BEQ R7 R5 JSR AD1 INC S1 BNE R55 INC S1+1 R55 JMP R6 R7 JSR RESNOW PLA STA CPIY LDA BOTLN SEC SBC CPIY STA BOTLN BCS R9 DEC BOTLN+1 R9 LDA COUNT BNE R10 LDY LENGTH BNE R11 R10 LDY LENGTH BNE R87 RTS R11 JMP R8 ;LENGTH > OLDLEN R100 LDA LENGTH
;...AND NOVE IT UP (DOWN IN ADDR)
;DONE ??
;RESTORE NOWLN ;RESTORE DIFFERENCE ;SAVE IT ;AND SUBTRACT IT FROM BOTTOM
;C COMM OR K ,I COMM ?
A5 EA
;NEW LINE IS LONGER
3504 3505 3506 3507 3508 3509 3510 3511 3512 3513 3514 3515 3516 3517 3518 3519 3520 3521 3522 3523 3524 3525 3526 3527 3528 3529 3530 3531 3532 3533 3534 3535 3536 3537 3538 3539 3540 3541 3542 3543 3544 3545 3546 3547 3548 3549 3550 3551 3552 3553 3554 3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565
F9D1 F9D2 F9D4 F9D6 F9D8 F9DA F9DB F9DE F9E1 F9E3 F9E5 F9E7 F9E9 F9EC F9EF F9F0 F9F1 F9F2 F9F4 F9F6 F9F8 F9FA F9FD F9FF FA01 FA03 FA05 FA07 FA0A FA0D FA0E FA0F FA11 FA13 FA15 FA17 FA19 FA1C FA1E FA21 FA24 FA27 FA29 FA2C FA2F FA31 FA34 FA37 FA3A FA3C FA3E FA41 FA44 FA47 FA4A FA4A FA4A FA4C FA4E FA4E FA50 FA53
38 E5 A4 D0 69 48 20 20 A0 B1 C9 F0 20 4C 68 48 18 65 85 90 E6 20 90 A5 85 A5 85 4C 20 68 18 65 85 90 E6 A9 20 91 20 AD CD D0 AD CD F0 20 CE AD C9 D0 CE 4C 20 4C
E9 E9 02 00 34 C5 00 DF 00 06 28 E3 F9 F8
R101
R102 F9 F9 R108
E1 E1 02 E2 F9 F8 0B E7 E1 E8 E2 5C FA 09 F9 DF DF 02 E0 1A 58 DF 4A 1A 1C 08 1B 1D 13 1D 1A 1A FF 03 1B 17 D0 BE
R103
R107
R104 EB FA A4 A4 A4 A4 F9 A4 A4 A4 FA F8 F9 R105
R1051 R106
SEC SBC LDY BNE ADC PHA JSR JSR LDY LDA CMP BEQ JSR JMP PLA PHA CLC ADC STA BCC INC JSR BCC LDA STA LDA STA JMP JSR PLA CLC ADC STA BCC INC LDA JSR STA JSR LDA CMP BNE LDA CMP BEQ JSR DEC LDA CMP BNE DEC JMP JSR JMP
OLDLEN OLDLEN R101 #0 SAVNOW SETBOT #0 (NOWLN),Y #0 R108 AD1 R102
;ALREADY HAVE ROOM FOR CR ;ADD ONE TO DIFFERENCE ;NOWLN INTO S1
BOTLN BOTLN R103 BOTLN+1 ATEND R107 SAVE BOTLN SAVE+1 BOTLN+1 ENDERR NOWS1 NOWLN NOWLN R104 NOWLN+1 #S1 LDAY (NOWLN),Y GOGO S1 ADDR R105 S1+1 ADDR+1 R106 SUB S1 S1 #$FF R1051 S1+1 R104 RESNOW R9
;ADD DIFFERENCE TO END ;STORE NEW END
;RESTORE OLD BOTTOM
;RAN PAST BUFFER END ;SAVE CURRENT END
;BACK WHERE WE STARTED ?? ;BRANCH IF DONE
D1 DF F0 0D A5 DF 8D 1C A4 A5 E0
;SEE IF IT WROTE INTO MEMORY GOGO CMP (NOWLN),Y BEQ GOGO1 ;MOVE ADDRESS LDA NOWLN STA ADDR LDA NOWLN+1
3566 3567 3568 3569 3570 3571 3572 3573 3574 3575 3576 3577 3578 3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 3607 3608 3608 3609 3609 3610 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624
FA55 FA58 FA5B FA5C FA5C FA5F FA61 FA64 FA67 FA6A FA6C FA6F FA72 FA75 FA78 FA7B FA7D FA7D FA7E FA81 FA82 FA85 FA88 FA88 FA88 FA8A FA8D FA8F FA92 FA94 FA95 FA97 FA9A FA9D FAA0 FAA3 FAA6 FAA9 FAAC FAAC FAAC FAAC FAB2 FAB8 FABE FAC4 FACA FAD0 FAD0 FAD0 FAD1 FAD2 FAD4 FAD6 FAD9 FADC FADD FADE FAE1 FAE2 FAE2 FAE2
8D 1D A4 4C 33 EB 60 20 A0 20 20 20 D0 20 4C 20 20 20 A2 44 72 AF D8 42 03 13 78 FE D4 44 FF EB E7 F6 E8 EA FA E8 E7 EB
GOGO1
STA ADDR+1 JMP MEMERR RTS
;OK ;CLEAR PNTR ;PRINT "END" ;BACK UP TO LAST LINE ;IF TTY <CR>
9A 20 FE E8 D8 20 88 FA 4C 78 FA A2 20 A2 DD F0 CA 10 20 20 4C 20 BD 8D 6C 00 BC FE 0B AC FA 0C F8 D4 24 78 17 B9 1B 1A E7 EA FA FF FA A4 A4
ENDERR JSR CLR LDY #EMSG2-M1 JSR KEP JSR DNNO JSR TTYTST BNE ENDE2 JSR CRLOW ENDE2 JMP ERR0 ERROR JSR LL JSR QM ERR0 JSR CLR LDX #$FF COM =ERR0 TXS JSR LL CLD JSR COMM JMP ERR0
;I/O TO TERMINAL (KB,D/P OR TTY)
;GET EDITOR COMMANDS & DECODE COMM LDX #0 JSR PATCH8 ;READ A CHAR WITH "=< >" ENTRY LDX #COMCN1 CD02 CMP COMTBL,X ;COMPARE WITH ALLOWABLE COMMANDS BEQ CFND1 ;MATCH ,SO PROCESS COMMAND DEX BPL CD02 JSR QM ;NOT IN LIST ,SO NOT LEGAL COMMAND JSR CRCK JMP ERR0 CFND1 JSR PATC15 ;<CR> & START DECODING COMMAND LDA JTBL+1,X STA S1+1 JMP (S1)
COMCN1 =11 ;COMMAND TABLE 4B2052495544COMTBL .DB "K RIUDLTBFQC" 4C5442465143 4CF727F7CBF7JTBL .DW DLNE,PLNE,INPU,IN,DOWN,UP 64F724F7F9F6 E1F7D2F621F7 .DW LST,TP,BT,FCHAR,STOP,CHNG 0CF870F876F8 98 48 A0 B1 8D 20 68 A8 AD 60 ;READ FROM MREAD TYA PHA LDY LDA STA JSR PLA TAY LDA RTS MEMORY FOR ASSEMBLER #0 (NOWLN),Y CPIY AD1 CPIY
00 DF 2A A4 28 F9 2A A4
;THIS PROGRAM CONVERS MNEMONIC INSTRUCTIONS INTO MACHINE ;CODE AND STORES IT IN THE DESIGNATED MEMORY AREA
3625 3626 3627 3627 3628 3628 3629 3629 3630 3630 3631 3631 3632 3632 3633 3633 3634 3634 3635 3636 3636 3637 3637 3638 3638 3639 3639 3640 3640 3641 3641 3642 3642 3643 3643 3644 3644 3645 3645 3646 3646 3647 3647 3648 3648 3649 3649 3650 3650 3651 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662
FAE2 FAE2 FAE2 FAE8 FAEA FAF0 FAF1 FAF7 FAF9 FAFF FB00 FB06 FB08 FB0E FB0F FB15 FB17 FB1D FB1E FB1E FB24 FB26 FB2C FB2E FB34 FB36 FB3C FB3E FB44 FB46 FB4C FB4E FB54 FB56 FB5C FB5E FB64 FB66 FB6C FB6E FB74 FB76 FB7C FB7E FB84 FB86 FB8C FB8E FB94 FB96 FB9C FB9E FB9E FB9E FBA1 FBA4 FBA7 FBAA FBAD FBAF FBB2 FBB5
;ROM TABLE 00020008F2FFTYPTR1 .DB 8001 C0E2C0C0FF00 .DB 00 0800108040C0TYPTR2 .DB 00C0 00400000E420 .DB 80 00FC000808F8CORR .DB FCF4 0C1004F40020 .DB 10 00000F010101SIZEM .DB 1111 020211110212 .DB 00 000810182028STCODE 3038 404850586068 7078 80889098ACA8 B0B8 CCC8D0D8ECE8 F0F8 0C2C4C4C8CAC CCEC 8A9AAABACADA EAFA 0E2E4E6E8EAE CEEE 0D2D4D6D8DAD CDED 0D0D0C0D0E0DTYPTB 0C0D 0D0D0C0D0D0D 0C0D 0F0D0C0D090D 0C0D 080D0C0D080D 0C0D 0F060B0B040A 0808 0D0D0D0D0D0F 0D0F 070707070509 0303 010101010201 0101 AD 8D AD 8D 20 A9 8D 20 20 25 1C 26 1D 24 00 37 3E DB A4 A4 A4 A4 EA A4 E8 E2
LOCATIONS: 00,02,00,08,$F2,$FF,$80,01 $C0,$E2,$C0,$C0,$FF,00,00 08,00,$10,$80,$40,$C0,00,$C0 $00,$40,00,00,$E4,$20,$80 00,$FC,00,08,08,$F8,$FC,$F4 $0C,$10,04,$F4,00,$20,$10 00,00,$0F,01,01,01,$11,$11 02,02,$11,$11,02,$12,00
.DB $00,$08,$10,$18,$20,$28,$30,$38 .DB $40,$48,$50,$58,$60,$68,$70,$78 .DB $80,$88,$90,$98,$AC,$A8,$B0,$B8 .DB $CC,$C8,$D0,$D8,$EC,$E8,$F0,$F8 .DB $0C,$2C,$4C,$4C,$8C,$AC,$CC,$EC .DB $8A,$9A,$AA,$BA,$CA,$DA,$EA,$FA .DB $0E,$2E,$4E,$6E,$8E,$AE,$CE,$EE .DB $0D,$2D,$4D,$6D,$8D,$AD,$CD,$ED .DB 13,13,12,13,14,13,12,13 .DB 13,13,12,13,13,13,12,13 .DB 15,13,12,13,9,13,12,13 .DB 8,13,12,13,8,13,12,13 .DB 15,6,11,11,4,10,8,8 .DB 13,13,13,13,13,15,13,15 .DB 7,7,7,7,5,9,3,3 .DB 1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1
;PROGRAM STARTS HERE MNEENT LDA SAVPC STA ADDR LDA SAVPC+1 STA ADDR+1 STARTM JSR CRCK LDA #0 STA CODFLG JSR BLANK JSR WRITAZ
;TRANSF PC TO ADDR
;<CR> IF PRI PTR DIFF FROM 0
;WRITE ADDRESS
3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 3712 3713 3714 3715 3716 3717 3718 3719 3720 3721 3722 3723 3724
FBB8 FBBB FBBE FBC1 FBC3 FBC6 FBC9 FBCC FBCF FBD0 FBD3 FBD6 FBD7 FBD9 FBD9 FBD9 FBDC FBDE FBE0 FBE2 FBE2 FBE2 FBE5 FBE7 FBE9 FBEC FBED FBEF FBF2 FBF4 FBF6 FBF9 FBFA FBFC FBFE FC01 FC03 FC05 FC08 FC0A FC0C FC0E FC0E FC0E FC11 FC14 FC16 FC18 FC1A FC1C FC1F FC21 FC23 FC25 FC28 FC2A FC2C FC2F FC31 FC33 FC35 FC38
20 20 4C A9 8D 8D 20 AC 38 6E 6E 88 D0 AC C0 D0 A2 4C A0 A9 99 88 D0 20 C9 F0 99 C8 C0 B0 20 C9 D0 EE D0 C9 D0 8C AD C9 F0 C9 F0 AD C9 D0 A2 4C C9 D0 AD C9 D0 A2 4C A2
3B 3B 06 00 26 27 3E 2E
E8 E8 FE 01 01 E8 01
26 01 27 01 F7 2E 01 0D 05 00 CB FC 06 51 32 01 FA 5F E9 20 EF 33 01 07 5C 5F E9 20 05 37 A4 04 0D E8 31 33 23 25 28 5A 31 01 05 01 CB 02 14 2E 0C 05 02 CB 05 A4 01
JSR JSR JMP MODEM LDA STA STA JSR LDY SEC PNTLUP ROR ROR DEY BNE
BLANK2 BLANK2 MNEM #00 TMASK1 TMASK2 BLANK TYPE TMASK1 TMASK2 PNTLUP
;JUMP TO INPUT MNEMONIC OPCODE ;SET UP TO FORM MODE MATCH
;SHIFT POINTER TO INSTRUCTION TYPE
;TEST FOR ONE BYTE INSTRUCTION LDY TYPE CPY #$0D BNE RDADDR LDX #00 ;INPUT ADRESS FIELD JMP OPCOMP RDADDR LDY #06 LDA #'Q' CLRLUP STA ADFLD-1,Y DEY BNE CLRLUP JSR RDRUP CMP #' ' BEQ RDADDR STORCH STA ADFLD,Y INY CPY #07 BCS TRY56 JSR RDRUP CMP #' ' BNE STOR1 INC CODFLG BNE EVAL STOR1 CMP #CR BNE STORCH
;CLEAR ADDRESS FIELD (NON HEX)
;(LEAVES Y = 0 FOR NEXT PHASE) ;WITH RUBOUT ;IGNORE SPACE CHARACTERS ;STORE ADDRESS CHARACTER
;READ REMAINDER OF ADDRESS CHARS ;THRU WHEN <SPACE> OR <CR> ;SET CODE FLG ;CHECK FOR <CR>
A4
FC 01
FC
;SEPARATE ADDRESS MODE FROM ADDRESS FIELD EVAL STY TEMPX ;TEMPX NOW HAS NUMBER OF CHAR LDA ADFLD ;CHECK FIRST CHAR FOR # OR ( CMP #'#' BEQ HATCJ CMP #'(' BEQ PAREN LDA TEMPX ;CHECK FOR ACCUMULATOR MODE CMP #01 BNE TRYZP ACCUM LDX #01 JMP OPCOMP TRYZP CMP #02 ;CHECK FOR ZERO PAGE MODE BNE TRY34 LDA TYPE ;CHCK FOR BRNCH WITH RELATIVE ADDR` CMP #$0C BNE ZPAGE LDX #02 JMP OPCOMP ZPAGE LDX #05
3725 3726 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3742 3743 3744 3745 3746 3747 3748 3749 3750 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767 3768 3769 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3776 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3784 3785 3786
FC3A FC3D FC40 FC42 FC45 FC47 FC49 FC4C FC4E FC50 FC52 FC55 FC57 FC5A FC5C FC5F FC61 FC63 FC65 FC68 FC6A FC6C FC6E FC70 FC72 FC74 FC76 FC79 FC7B FC7D FC7F FC81 FC83 FC85 FC87 FC89 FC8C FC8E FC90 FC92 FC94 FC97 FC99 FC9B FC9E FCA0 FCA2 FCA4 FCA6 FCA9 FCAB FCAD FCAF FCB2 FCB4 FCB6 FCB6 FCB9 FCBB FCBD FCBF FCC1
4C 4C A9 CD 90 A2 20 D0 90 A2 4C A2 4C B0 20 D0 90 A9 CD D0 A2 D0 A2 D0 A2 D0 AD C9 F0 C9 D0 A2 D0 C9 D0 20 D0 90 A2 D0 AD C9 D0 AD C9 D0 A2 D0 AD C9 D0 A2 4C A2 D0 AD C9 F0 A2 D0 A2
CB B6 04 31 15 02 F1 58 05 03 CB 04 CB 69 EF 64 0F 09 2E 04 0E 5D 08 59 09 55 36 2C 04 58 04 0B 46 29 0B EF 37 35 0A 37 38 29 2A 2E 0B 23 0D 25 2E 0C 05 02 CB 0C 15
FC FC A4 FD
FC FC FD
01
01
FD
01 01
01
FC
2E 01 01 04 07 0A 06
JMP OPCOMP JMP HATCH LDA #04 ;CHECK FOR ABSOLUTE OR ZP,X ORZP,` CMP TEMPX BCC ABSIND LDX #02 JSR XORYZ ;CC = X, CS = Y, NE = ABSOLUTE BNE ABSOL BCC ZPX ZPY LDX #03 ;CARRY SET SO ZP,Y MODE JMP OPCOMP ZPX LDX #04 ;CARRY CLEAR SO ZP,X MODE JMP OPCOMP TRY56 BCS ERRORM ABSIND JSR XORY ;CC=ABS,X CS=ABS,Y NE=ERROR BNE ERRORM BCC ABSX ABSY LDA #09 CMP TYPE BNE ABSY1 LDX #$0E BNE OPCOMP ABSY1 LDX #$08 BNE OPCOMP ABSX LDX #09 ;CARRY CLEAR SO ABS,X MODE BNE OPCOMP PAREN LDA ADFLD+3 ;SEE IF (HH,X),(HH)Y OR (HHHH) CMP #',' ;(HHX) (HH),Y ARE OK TOO BEQ INDX ;COMMA IN 4TH POSITION = (HH,X) CMP #'X' ;X IN 4TH POSITION = (HHX) BNE TRYINY INDX LDX #$0B BNE OPCOMP TRYINY CMP #')' ;")" IN 4TH POS = (HH)Y OR (HH),Y BNE TRYJMP JSR XORY ;CHCK TO SEE IF Y INDEX REG DESIRE BNE ERRORM BCC ERRORM LDX #$0A BNE OPCOMP TRYJMP LDA ADFLD+5 ;CHECK FOR FINAL PAREN CMP #')' BNE ERRORM LDA TYPE ;CONFIRM CORRECT ADDRESS TYPE CMP #$0B BNE ERRORM LDX #$0D ;OK, FORM IS JMP (HHHH) BNE OPCOMP ABSOL LDA TYPE ;CHECK FOR BRANCH TO ABSOLUTE LOC CMP #$0C BNE ABSOL1 LDX #02 JMP OPCOMP ABSOL1 LDX #$0C BNE OPCOMP ;SELECT IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING TYPE HATCH LDA TYPE CMP #01 BEQ IMMED1 LDX #07 BNE OPCOMP IMMED1 LDX #06 HATCJ TRY34
3787 3788 3789 3790 3791 3792 3793 3794 3795 3796 3797 3798 3799 3800 3801 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3816 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848
FCC3 FCC5 FCC8 FCCB FCCB FCCB FCCE FCD0 FCD3 FCD5 FCD8 FCDB FCDD FCDE FCE1 FCE4 FCE7 FCE7 FCE7 FCEA FCEC FCEE FCF0 FCF2 FCF5 FCF7 FCF8 FCFB FCFE FD01 FD03 FD04 FD05 FD06 FD07 FD08 FD0B FD0D FD0F FD12 FD12 FD12 FD12 FD15 FD18 FD1A FD1B FD1E FD1F FD22 FD24 FD27 FD28 FD2A FD2B FD2C FD2C FD2C FD2F FD30 FD33 FD36
D0 06 20 94 E3 4C AA FB BD F0 2D D0 BD 2D F0 18 BD 6D 8D BD C9 F0 C9 F0 8D 29 A8 8D EE AD 29 4A 4A 4A 4A AA 20 B0 90 4C E2 05 26 08 F1 27 E8 FA 01 FA 01
BNE OPCOMP ERRORM JSR CKER00 JMP STARTM ;COMPUTE FINAL OP CODE OPCOMP LDA TYPTR1,X BEQ OPCMP1 AND TMASK1 BNE VALID OPCMP1 LDA TYPTR2,X AND TMASK2 BEQ ERRORM VALID CLC LDA CORR,X ADC OPCODE STA OPCODE
;OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE FOR DEFINED ADDRESING MODE ;MATCH TYPE MASK WITH VALID MODE ;PATTERNS & SKIP 1ST WORD TEST IF ;ALREADY ZERO ;TEST 2ND PART ;INST DOES NOT HAVE SPECIFIED MODE ;FORM FINAL OP CODE
00 FB 34 A4 34 A4 0F FB 00 50 0F 1D 33 A4 0F 2F A4 2F A4 33 A4 F0
12 FD B8 1D 86 FD
;PROCESS ADRESSES TO FINAL FORMAT LDA SIZEM,X ;OBTAIN ADDRESS FORMAT FROM TABLE CMP #00 BEQ ONEBYT CMP #$0F ;NEED BRANCH COMPUTATION? BEQ BRNCHC STA TEMPA ;SAVE START POINT & CHAR COUNT AND #$0F ;SEPARATE CHARACTER COUNT TAY ;LOAD ADDR BYTES INTO Y (0,1,OR 2) STA BYTESM ;SAVE IN BYTES INC BYTESM ;TO INSTR LENGTH (1,2,OR 3 BYTES) LDA TEMPA ;SEPARATE STARTING POINT AND #$F0 LSR A LSR A LSR A LSR A TAX ;AND PUT IT IN X JSR CONVRT ;CONVERT ASCII ADDRESS TO HEX BCS ERRORM ;SKIP OUT IF ERROR IN INPUT BCC STASH BRNCHC JMP BRCOMP ;############ SUBROUTINE ############### ;CONVERT FORMATTED ADDRESS INTO PROPER HEX ADDRESS CONVRT LDA ADFLD,X ;PICK UP 1ST ADDRES CHARACTER JSR HEX ;CONVERT TO MOST SIG HEX BCS ERRFLG INX ;GET NEXT ASCII CHARACTER LDA ADFLD,X INX ;POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER, IF ANY JSR PACK BCS ERRFLG STA OPCODE,Y ;SAVE IN MOST SIG. BYTE LOCATION DEY ;SET UP FOR NEXT ADDR BYTE, IF ANY BNE CONVRT ;IF NECESSARY, FORM NEXT ADDR BYTE CLC ERRFLG RTS ;NON HEX CLEARED CARRY ;############# STASH LDY DEY STSHLP LDA JSR CPY BYTESM OPCODE,Y SADDR #00 ;SET UP TO STORE COMMAND ;STORE ONE BYTE OF COMMAND
BD 20 B0 E8 BD E8 20 B0 99 88 D0 18 60 AC 88 B9 20 C0
33 01 7D EA 11 33 01 84 EA 07 34 A4 E8
2F A4 34 A4 78 EB 00
3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3864 3865 3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886 3887 3888 3889 3890 3891 3892 3893 3894 3895 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910
FD38 FD3A FD3B FD3C FD3E FD3E FD40 FD43 FD45 FD45 FD45 FD48 FD4B FD4E FD50 FD53 FD56 FD58 FD5B FD5E FD61 FD63 FD66 FD69 FD69 FD6C FD6E FD70 FD73 FD76 FD79 FD7A FD7B FD7D FD7D FD7D FD80 FD83 FD86 FD86 FD86 FD89 FD8B FD8D FD8F FD91 FD94 FD96 FD98 FD9B FD9E FDA0 FDA2 FDA5 FDA7 FDAA FDAD FDB0 FDB1 FDB3 FDB6 FDB8
F0 0B 88 B8 50 F2 A9 01 8D 2F A4 D0 E7 20 20 20 D0 20 20 D0 20 20 AD F0 20 20 AE A0 A9 20 20 20 C8 CA D0 44 DD 42 08 3B 3B 11 6C 24 37 1A 3E 3C 2F 00 1C 58 46 3E F1 EB E5 E8 E8 E8 F4 EA A4 E8 F5 A4 EB EA E8
BEQ FORMDS DEY CLV BVC STSHLP ONEBYT LDA #01 STA BYTESM BNE STASH
;REPEAT TILL THRU ;SET BYTES = 1
;FORMAT FOR SYSTEM 65 DISPLAY (REFORMAT FOR AIM) FORMDS JSR CLR JSR CGPC1 ;ADDR TO SAVPC FOR DISASSEMBLY JSR TTYTST ;IF TTY DO NOT GO TO DISASS BNE FORMD1 JSR BLANK2 ;IT IS TTY JSR BLANK2 BNE FORMD2 ;OUTPUT OPCODE FORMD1 JSR DISASM JSR CRCK ;<CR> IF PRI PTR DIFF FROM 0 LDA CODFLG ;SEE IF HE WANTS CODE ALSO BEQ FORM1 JSR BLANK JSR PRPC ;PROG CNTR ;OUTPUT OPCODE FORMD2 LDX BYTESM LDY #00 DISPLY LDA #ADDR ;DO LDA (ADDR),Y ,WHITOUT PAG 0 JSR LDAY JSR NUMA JSR BLANK INY DEX BNE DISPLY ;POINT TO NEXT INSTRUCTION LOCATION FORM1 LDY BYTESM ;ADD BYTESM TO ADDR JSR NXTADD JMP PATC16 ;UPDATE PC ;RELATIVE BRANCH ADDRESS COMPUTATION BRCOMP LDA TEMPX CMP #02 ;IF REL BRANCH INPUT, USE IT BNE COMPBR LDX #00 LDY #01 JSR CONVRT BCS ERRJMP LDA #02 STA BYTESM ;SET PROPER BYTES JMP STASH COMPBR LDX #00 LDY #02 JSR CONVRT BCS ERRJMP LDA ADDR+1 ;ADD BRANCH OFFSET STA MOVAD+1 LDA ADDR CLC ADC #02 STA MOVAD BCC CMPBR1 INC MOVAD+1
AC 2F A4 20 CD E2 4C 24 FF AD C9 D0 A2 A0 20 B0 A9 8D 4C A2 A0 20 B0 AD 8D AD 18 69 8D 90 EE 31 02 11 00 01 12 40 02 2F 2C 00 02 12 2F 1D 27 1C A4
FD A4 FD FD A4 01 A4
02 26 01 03 27 01
3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 3943 3944 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970 3971 3972
FDBB FDBC FDBF FDC2 FDC5 FDC8 FDCB FDCE FDD0 FDD2 FDD4 FDD6 FDD9 FDDC FDDE FDE0 FDE3 FDE5 FDE7 FDE9 FDEC FDEF FDEF FDEF FDEF FDF1 FDF4 FDF6 FDF8 FDF9 FDFC FDFE FE00 FE02 FE02 FE03 FE04 FE06 FE06 FE06 FE06 FE08 FE0B FE0E FE11 FE14 FE17 FE19 FE1B FE1D FE1F FE21 FE24 FE25 FE26 FE29 FE2A FE2C FE2E FE2E FE2E FE30
38 AD ED 8D AD ED 8D C9 F0 C9 F0 4C AD 30 10 AD 10 30 A9 8D 4C
35 26 35 36 27 36 00 0E FF 03 C5 35 09 F6 35 02 EF 02 2F 2C
A4 01 A4 A4 01 A4
FC A4 A4
A4 FD
CMPBR1 SEC LDA SBC STA LDA SBC STA CMP BEQ CMP BEQ ERRJMP JMP BACKWD LDA BMI BPL FORWRD LDA BPL BMI OK LDA STA JMP
OPCODE+1 MOVAD OPCODE+1 OPCODE+2 MOVAD+1 OPCODE+2 #00 FORWRD #$FF BACKWD ERRORM OPCODE+1 OK ERRJMP OPCODE+1 OK ERRJMP #02 BYTESM STASH
;COMPUTE BRANCH RELATIVE ADDRESS
;CHECK IN RANGE
;SET UP FOR STASH
A2 BD C9 D0 E8 BD C9 F0 C9
04 33 01 2C 04 33 01 58 03 59
60 18 90 FC
;###### SUBROUTINE ######## ;SUBROUTINE FOR DETERMINING X OR Y OR NEITHER XORY LDX #04 XORYZ LDA ADFLD,X CMP #',' BNE XORY1 INX LDA ADFLD,X XORY1 CMP #'X' BEQ ISX CMP #'Y' XORYRT RTS ;NOT ZERO IS NOT X OR NOT Y ISX CLC ;CARRY SET IS Y BCC XORYRT ; CARRY CLEAR IS X ;####### END OF SUB ######## ; INPUT FOR MNEMONIC CODE MNEM LDY #00 STY OPCODE STY OPCODE+1 STY OPCODE+2 ;CLEARS OPCODE FOR NEW INPUT STY MOVAD ;CLEARS UNUSED BIT IN FINAL FORMAT RDLUP JSR RDRUP CMP #'*' ;COMMAND TO LOAD POINTER BEQ STLOAD ;GO TO SET CURRENT ADDRESS POINTER CMP #' ' ;IGNORE SPACE BAR INPUT BEQ RDLUP AND #$1F ;MASK OFF UPPER 3 BITS STA CH,Y TYA TAX ;Y----> X INC CH,X ;FORMAT TO MATCH DISASSEMBLER TBL INY CPY #03 ;REPEAT FOR EACH OF 3 CHARACTERS BNE RDLUP ;COMPRESS 3 FORMATED CHARACTERS TO MOVAD & MOVAD+1 LDY #03 ;SET UP OUTER LOOP OUTLUP LDA CH-1,Y ;COMPRESS 3 CHARACTERS
A0 8C 8C 8C 8C 20 C9 F0 C9 F0 29 99 98 AA FE C8 C0 D0
00 34 35 36 26 5F 2A 58 20 F5 1F 30
A4 A4 A4 01 E9
01
30 01 03 E6
A0 03 B9 2F 01
3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978 3979 3980 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993 3994 3995 3996 3997 3998 3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034
FE33 FE35 FE36 FE39 FE3C FE3D FE3F FE40 FE42 FE42 FE42 FE44 FE47 FE4A FE4C FE4D FE4F FE51 FE54 FE57 FE59 FE5A FE5C FE5F FE5F FE5F FE62 FE65 FE65 FE65 FE68 FE6B FE6E FE6E FE6E FE70 FE73 FE76 FE78 FE7B FE7B FE7B FE7B FE7C FE7D FE7F FE82 FE83 FE83 FE84 FE85 FE88 FE8A FE8C FE8E FE91 FE92 FE93 FE96 FE96 FE99 FE9C
A2 4A 6E 6E CA D0 88 D0 A2 AD DD F0 CA D0 F0 AD DD F0 CA D0 4C
05 26 01 27 01 F6 EE 40 26 01 B8 F5 05 F8 0B 27 01 F8 F5 06 E8 C5 FC
INLUP
LDX LSR ROR ROR DEX BNE DEY BNE
#05 A MOVAD MOVAD+1 INLUP OUTLUP
;SET UP INNER LOOP ;SHIFT 5 BITS ACC TO MOVAD,MOVAD+1
;SEARCH FOR MATCHING COMPRESSED CODE LDX #$40 SRCHLP LDA MOVAD SRCHM CMP MNEML-1,X ;MATCH LEFT HALF BEQ MATCH DEX BNE SRCHM ;IF NO - TRY AGAIN BEQ MATCH1 MATCH LDA MOVAD+1 ;ALSO MATCH RIGHT HALF CMP MNEMR-1,X BEQ GOTIT DEX BNE SRCHLP MATCH1 JMP ERRORM ;GET INSTRUCTION TYPE FROM TYPE TABLE GOTIT LDA TYPTB-1,X STA TYPE ;GET OPCODE FROM OP CODE UE LDA STCODE-1,X STA OPCODE JMP MODEM ;THIS SECTION SETS THE CURRENT ADDRESS POINTER STLO LDA #'*' JSR OUTPUT STLOAD JSR ADDIN ;GET ADDR BCS STLO ;IN CASE OF ERROR JMP PATC16 ;ADDR TO PC THEN TO STARTM ;PATCHES TO CORRECT PROBLEMS WITHOUT ;CHANGING ENTRY POINTS TO THE ROUTINES .DB "A" PATCH1 SEC ;ADJUST BAUD SBC #44 STA CNTL30 RTS CUREAD TXA PHA LDX CPX BCS LDA JSR PAT2A PLA TAX JMP RED1 ;SAVE X CURPO2 #20 PAT2A #$DE OUTDD1 READ , OUTPUT CUR
BD 5D FB 8D 2E 01 BD 1D FB 8D 34 A4 4C C1 FB A9 20 20 B0 4C 2A 7A E9 AE EA F6 24 FF
41 38 E9 2C 8D 18 A4 60 8A 48 AE E0 B0 A9 20 68 AA 4C
15 A4 14 05 DE 7B EF 3C E9
;ONLY IF < 20
;CONTINUE ;READ & ECHO WITHOUT CURSOR
20 3C E9 4C 76 E9
JSR READ JMP RED2
4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050 4051 4052 4053 4054 4055 4056 4057 4058 4059 4060 4061 4062 4063 4064 4065 4066 4067 4068 4069 4070 4071 4072 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077 4078 4079 4080 4081 4082 4083 4084 4085 4086 4087 4088 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095 4096
FE9C FE9F FEA1 FEA3 FEA5 FEA8 FEAB FEAE FEB1 FEB1 FEB4 FEB7 FEB7 FEB9 FEBC FEBC FEBF FEC0 FEC3 FEC5 FEC8 FEC9 FECA FECC FECE FED1 FED3 FED6 FED7 FED8 FED8 FEDA FEDC FEDF FEE2 FEE5 FEE6 FEE8 FEE9 FEE9 FEEC FEEF FEEF FEF1 FEF3 FEF5 FEF8 FEF8 FEF9 FEFC FEFE FF01 FF02 FF03 FF03 FF06 FF08 FF0A FF0D FF0D FF10 FF12
AE C9 D0 A9 20 20 4C 4C
15 8D 0B A0 7B 44 76 17
A4
EF EB EF EF
PATCH4 LDX CMP BNE LDA JSR JSR JMP PAT4A JMP
CURPO2 #CR+$80 PAT4A #' '+$80 OUTDD1 CLR OUTD7 OUTD1A
;DONT DO ANYTHING IF "8D" ;SO <CR> FOR TV & NOT FOR DISP ;CLR CURSOR ;CLR PNTRS ;EXIT ;CONTINUE ;TURN PRI OFF ;SIMULATE LDA (ADDR),Y ;READ & ECHO WITH CARROTS
8D 11 A4 4C 73 F0 A9 1C 4C 58 EB 20 48 20 A9 20 68 48 C9 F0 20 A9 20 68 60 C9 B0 CD 4C CD 68 C9 60 3C E9 D8 E7 3C 7A E9 0D 03 7A E9 3E 7A E9
PATCH5 STA PRIFLG JMP IPO3 PATCH6 LDA #ADDR JMP LDAY PATCH8 JSR PHA JSR LDA JSR PLA PHA CMP BEQ JSR PATC8C LDA JSR PLA RTS PATCH9 CMP BCS CMP JMP PAT9A CMP PLA CMP PAT9B RTS READ EQUAL #'<' OUTPUT #CR PATC8C OUTPUT #'>' OUTPUT
F7 06 08 A4 9D EE 08 A4 FF
#$F7 PAT9A TSPEED CKF3A TSPEED #$FF
;CHCK LOWER TRANSITION OF TIMER
20 F0 E9 4C 85 E1 F0 C9 F0 4C F7 4C F3 C5 E7
PATC10 JSR CRLF JMP STA1 PATC11 BEQ CMP BEQ JMP PAT9B #'L' PAT9B PROMP1
;CLR DISP (ONLY 1 <CR>) ;GO OUTPUT PROMPT ;NO PROMPT FOR "T" OR "L"
48 AD 11 A4 29 F0 8D 11 A4 68 60 AD C9 D0 4C 12 A4 54 DE 29 E5
PATC12 PHA LDA PRIFLG AND #$F0 STA PRIFLG PLA RTS PATC13 LDA CMP BNE JMP INFLG #'T' PAT9B DU14
;CLEAR PRIFLG SO WE CAN OUTPUT ;TO PRINTER IF FLG WAS ON (MSB)
;TURN TAPES ON ONLY IF TAPES ;TURN ON TAPES & SET DEF DEV ;TURN ON TAPES ONLY IF TAPES
AD 13 A4 C9 54 D0 D4
PATC14 LDA OUTFLG CMP #'T' BNE PAT9B
4097 4098 4099 4100 4101 4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4157 4157
FF14 FF17 FF17 FF1A FF1B FF1C FF1D FF20 FF23 FF24 FF24 FF27 FF2A FF2A FF2C FF2E FF30 FF33 FF36 FF38 FF3A FF3D FF3D FF40 FF41 FF44 FF46 FF47 FF48 FF4B FF4E FF51 FF54 FF57 FF58 FF59 FF59 FF5A FF5D FF60 FF60 FF62 FF63 FF65 FF66 FF69 FF6A FF6C FF6F FF72 FF72 FF74 FF77 FF79 FF7C FF7D FF7F FF82 FF85 FF88 FF88 FF8E
4C 0A E5 20 F0 E9 8A 0A AA BD B8 FA 8D 1A A4 60 20 DD E5 4C AA FB F0 C9 F0 4C 20 C9 D0 4C 20 48 20 D0 68 60 20 20 20 20 20 68 60 0E 00 03 85 F7 93 E9 7F F9 7A F7 F8 FE 42 E8 02 FE 45 44 3E 44 E8 F0 EB E8 EB
JMP DU11 PATC15 JSR TXA ASL TAX LDA STA RTS CRLF A JTBL,X S1 ;PART OF ENTRY ;DECODE COMMAND ;SAVE INDEX
PATC16 JSR CGPC1 JMP STARTM PATC17 BEQ CMP BEQ JMP PAT17A JSR CMP BNE PAT17B JMP PATC18 JSR PHA JSR BNE PLA RTS PAT18A JSR JSR JSR JSR JSR PLA RTS PAT19 PAT17B #0 PAT17A IN02A INALL #$7F PAT17A IN02 PATC12 TTYTST PAT18A LL IPST CLR BLANK CLR
;ADDR TO PC ;BACK TO MNEMONIC START ;RUB, SO READ ANOTHER ;NEITHER ,CONTINUE ;SKIP ON ZEROS ;UNTILL RUB ;GO BACK ;RESET PRIFLG ;IF TTY JUST RTN
;SET TO LOW SPEED ;PRINT WHAT IS IN BUFFER ;CLR PRINTER BUFFER BY OUTPUTTING ;AN SPACE ;RTN ACC
D8 20 24 EA 4C 85 E1 F0 18 69 AA 20 CA D0 4C 4C A0 B9 F0 20 C8 D0 20 20 4C 0D 04 93 E9 FA 9E E6 20 E5 00 88 FF 06 7A E9 F5 F0 E9 F0 E9 82 E1
CLD JSR CRCK JMP STA1 BEQ CLC ADC TAX JSR DEX BNE JMP JMP VECK4 #4 INALL VECK5 VECK1 DU13 ;SKIP OVER DATA ;PROCESS NEXT RCD ;END (DATA BYTES=0)
PAT20
VECK5
VECK4
PAT21 LDY #0 PAT21A LDA POMSG,Y BEQ PAT21B JSR OUTPUT INY BNE PAT21A PAT21B JSR CRLF JSR CRLF JMP START
;RESET MSG
2020524F434BPOMSG .DB " 57454C4C2041494D203635
ROCKWELL AIM 65"
4158 4159 4160 4161 4162 4163 4164 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 4170 4171 4172 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 4182 4183 4184 4185 4186 4187 4188 4189 4190 4191
FF99 00 .DB 0 FF9A FF9A EE 68 01 PAT22 INC BLKO FF9D 4C BD ED JMP ADDBK1 FFA0 FFA0 A9 FF PAT23 LDA #$FF ;START TIMER FFA2 8D 97 A4 STA DI1024 FFA5 AD 85 A4 PAT23A LDA RINT ;TIME OUT? FFA8 30 08 BMI PAT23B ;YES FFAA AD 0D A8 LDA IFR ;START SIGNAL? FFAD 29 10 AND #MPRST FFAF F0 F4 BEQ PAT23A ;NO FFB1 60 RTS ;YES FFB2 A9 00 PAT23B LDA #0 ;TIME OUT RETURN FFB4 60 RTS FFB5 FFB5 20 75 EE PATC24 JSR CKFREQ ;READ BIT FROM FOURTH HALF PULSE FFB8 6A ROR A FFB9 29 80 AND #$80 FFBB 60 RTS FFBC FFBC 2C 0D A8 PATC25 BIT IFR ;WAIT TILL TIMES OUT FFBF 50 FB BVC PATC25 FFC1 AD 04 A8 LDA T1L ;CLR INTERRUPT FLG FFC4 60 RTS FFC5 FFF9 *=$FFF9 FFF9 ;INTERRUPT VECTORS FFF9 FA .DB $FA FFFA 75E0BFE078E0 .DW NMIV1,RSET,IRQV1 ;SET UP VECTORS 10000 ;.END A0/1 10000 SEMICOLON =$3B 10000 BACKSLASH =$5C 10000 .END M1
Label Value -----------------ASSEM D000 ACR A80B ADDIN EAAE ADDN2 EAC7 ADDN5 EAF7 ADDN8 EB2B ATTOP F8DB AT01 F8F7 ADDS1A F916 ADDA1 F933 ABSY FC63 ABSOL FCA6 BASIRE B003 BYTESM A42F BLKO 0168 BKERR E62F BRKK E6E5 BRK4 E6FA BKCKSM F1E7 BKCK3 F21A BRCOMP FD86 CH 0130 CURPOS A416
Label Value -----------------ADFLD 0133 ADDS1 E55D ADDNE EAB1 ADDN3 EADC ADDN6 EAFD ADDBLK EDBA ATBOT F8E9 ATEND F8F9 AD1 F928 ACCUM FC23 ABSY1 FC6E ABSOL1 FCB2 BOTLN 00E1 BKFLG A410 BRKA E61B BKOK E634 BRK3 E6F1 BLANK2 E83B BKCK1 F1F1 BT F721 BACKWD FDD9 CODFLG A437 CNTH30 A417
Label Value -----------------ADDR A41C ADD1 E565 ADDN1 EAB7 ADDN4 EAE8 ADDN7 EB0D ADDBK1 EDBD AT02 F8F5 ADDRS1 F910 ADDA F92A ABSIND FC5C ABSX FC72 BASIEN B000 BKS 0100 BLK 0115 BRK1 E620 BKO2 E64C BRK2 E6F3 BLANK E83E BKCK2 F20F BRNCHC FD0F BACKSLASH 005C CURPO2 A415 CNTL30 A418
COUNT CRA COMIN CHNG1 CH3 CKER00 CHEKAR CGPC0 CGA CGS CKB CRLF CRCK CLR CKF1 CKF3A CBUFF1 COL2 CHAR1 CHN1 CHN4 COMM COMCN1 CLRLUP CMPBR1 DISFLG DDRA2 DNPA7 DIV8 DRB DDRA DATOUT DU1 DU1A DU7 DU10 DU12 DUMPTA DUK2 DELAY DEHALF DISASM DOW2 DISPLY EPPA7 EMSG1 ERR EDI1 EDI4 EDI7 EDI2B ERROR EVAL ERRJMP FNAM FCH FC3 FC6 FC9 FORMD2 GAP GOBK0
A419 AC01 E1A1 E2A6 E2C5 E394 E54B E5D7 E5EE E5FA E76B E9F0 EA24 EB44 EE7A EE9D F1E2 F361 F5AD F87C F8AF FA88 000B FBE9 FDBB A40F A481 A484 A495 A800 A803 000C E444 E46D E4A0 E4DB E511 E56F E5A4 EC0F EC23 F46C F6E8 FD6E A487 E06C F495 F653 F680 F6AA F6CC FA72 FC0E FDD6 E8A2 F81E F834 F84E F868 FD69 A409 E278
CKSUM CRB COMB CH2 CKERR CKER1 CHEKA CGPC1 CGX CGALL CKB2 CRLOW CRCK1 CLRCK CKF2 CKF4 COL0 COL3 CHAR2 CHN2 CFLG CD02 COMTBL CONVRT CUREAD DIBUFF DRB2 DPPA7 DIV64 DRAH DRA DEBTIM DU0 DU2 DU8 DU10A DU13 DUMPT1 DONE DE1 DEBKEY DNNO DOWN END ESCAPE EMSG2 EDIT EDI2 EDI5 EDI8 ENDERR ERR0 ERRORM FORMA FCHAR FC1 FC4 FC7 FORMDS FORM1 GO GOBK1
A41E AC03 E1C4 E2B8 E385 E396 E54E E5DD E5F2 E5FC E76D EA13 EA2C EB4D EE81 EEA1 F2E1 F3A1 F5B3 F88C F8B2 FA8F FAAC FD12 FE83 A438 A482 A485 A496 A801 A80F 1388 E447 E47D E4A2 E4F8 E520 E57B E790 EC18 ED2A F6D8 F724 00E5 001B E072 F639 F663 F68D F6AE FA5C FA78 FCC5 0116 F80C F823 F843 F853 FD45 FD7D E261 E286
CPIY CR CHNGG CH4 CKER0 CKER2 CGPC CGPS CGY CLRBK CKB1 CR2J CRCK2 CKFREQ CKF3 CKBUFF COL1 COL4 CHNG CHN3 COM CFND1 CORR COMPBR DILINK DRA2 DDRB2 DIV1 DI1024 DDRB DATIN DUMP DU1B DU6 DU9 DU11 DU14 DUMPKI DON1 DE2 DEBK1 DOW1 DLNE ENPA7 EQS EQUAL EDI0 EDI3 EDI6 EDI ENDE2 ENTRY ERRFLG FROM FCHA1 FC2 FC5 FC8 FORMD1 FORWRD GOBK GETID
A42A 000D E2A0 E2C0 E38E E3A3 E5D4 E5EA E5F6 E6FE E780 EA23 EA3B EE75 EE99 F1D2 F321 F3E1 F876 F8A9 FA78 FAA0 FB00 FD9E A406 A480 A483 A494 A497 A802 000E E43B E452 E49F E4B9 E50A E529 E587 E7A0 EC1B ED2C F6E3 F74C A486 00BD E7D8 F644 F673 F69B F6B6 FA6F FA8D FD2B E7A3 F80F F82E F849 F85A FD58 FDE0 E26D E425
GID1 GCN1 GET3 GETKY GETK1 GETK3 GETK6 GETK11 GETK14 GETA1 GOGO1 HISTP HATCJ IRQV2 IDIR IDOT IBITL IFR IRQV3 INCS2 INTAB3 IPST IPO2 IPSU IPS2 IN IN02A IN03A INPU1 ISX JMPR JD3 KEYF1 KMASK KEPR LENGTH LF LOAD2 LOADTA LOADKI LOADK3 LOADK7 LDAY LST02 MONRAM MPRST M1 M5 M8 M11 MCM3 MEM MEM2 MTBL MNNDX3 MODE2 MREAD MNEM NOWLN NAME NMIV3 NXTADD
E427 E78C EBED EC43 EC71 EC8D ECB9 ECC9 ECEB EE2B FA5B A414 FC3D A404 A474 A477 A47A A80D E154 E566 E756 F045 F066 F0E3 F10E F764 F785 F7B9 F7D8 FE03 E1C1 E73C 010C A42A E970 00EA 000A E306 E32F E3A4 E3B7 E3E8 EB58 F7F8 A400 0010 E000 E01C E027 E031 E1AC E248 E251 F2D7 F4BA F59F FAD0 FE06 00DF A42E E07B E2CD
GOERR GETTTY GETKD0 GETK0 GETK1B GETK4 GETK7 GETK12 GETK10 GETFMT GOTIT HIST HATCH INFLG ICOL IOUTL IBITU IER IRQ1 INTAB1 INLOW IPS0 IPO3 IPS1 INCP INL IN03B IN05 INDX INLUP JD1 JD4 KEYF2 KDISA KIFLG LMNEM LOAD LOAD4 LOAD1A LOADK1 LOADK5 LL LST LST3 MON MSP12 M3 M6 M9 M12 MCNT MEIN MEM3 MNNDX1 MR11A MNEML MNEENT MATCH NMIV2 NULLC NMI4 NXTA1
E608 EBDB EC38 EC55 EC80 EC93 ECBE ECD2 ECEC F499 FE5F A42E FCB6 A412 A475 A478 A47B A80E E163 E743 E8F8 F04A F073 F0E8 F121 F76D F799 F7C5 FC81 FE35 E723 E742 010F E70A F8B6 0117 E2E6 E321 E349 E3A7 E3D1 E8FE F7E1 F803 00C0 0002 E005 E021 E02A E03B 0020 E24D E260 F4AF F512 F5B9 FB9E FE51 A402 00FF E0B1 E2DA
GCNT GET1 GETKEY GETK00 GETK2 GETK5 GETK8 GETK13 GETTAP GOGO HISTM HEX IRQV4 IBUFM IOFFST IOUTU IMASK IRQV1 IRQ2 INTAB2 INALL IPO0 IPO4 IPS3 IEVEN IN02 IN03 INPU IMMED1 JUMP JD2 JTBL KEYF3 KEP KI2 LDIY LOAD1 LOAD5 LOADT2 LOADK2 LOADK6 LT10 LST01 MOVAD MOFF MT2 M4 M7 M10 MCM2 MONCOM MEM1 MEMERR MNNDX2 MODE MNEMR MODEM MATCH1 NPUL NMIV1 NMI5 NXT5
E785 EBE2 EC40 EC67 EC82 ECA4 ECBF ECE1 EE29 FA4A A42E EA7D A400 A460 A476 A479 A47C E078 E17F E752 E993 F050 F078 F105 F486 F77A F7A8 F7CB FCC1 A47D E72B FAB8 0112 E7AF F8B8 A42A E2E9 E323 E364 E3AA E3D3 EA5A F7F0 0126 00E0 0020 E008 E024 E02D E196 E1E5 E24F EB33 F4B3 F55B F5F9 FBC1 FE5C A40A E075 E0B4 E60D
NHIS NAMO1 NAMO4 NEWROW OLDLEN OUTCKS OUTCK2 OUTPUT OUT2 OUTA2 ONEKEY ONEK3 OUTT1 OUTDP1 OUTD1A OUTD3 OUTD7 OUTDD3 OUT04 OUTPR1 OP07 OP06 OUTTA2 OPCMP1 OUTLUP PRST PROMPT PR2 PSL00 PSL0C PACK PCLLD PRIERR PINT PRADR1 PRADR4 PRBL2 PLNE P03 PAREN PATCH4 PATCH6 PATCH9 PATC10 PATC13 PATC16 PAT17B PAT19 PAT21A PAT22 PAT23B QM ROLLFL RB RS1 RS3 RS5 RS8 RBYTE RS20 RCH3 RCHT1
E688 E8D6 E8F5 F160 00E9 E531 E547 E97A E98F E9D0 ED05 ED1C EECB EF02 EF17 EF33 EF76 EF8B F025 F03A F13F F15D F294 FCD5 FE30 0000 E7BD E7CF E802 E81E EA84 EB56 F079 F0CB F4F7 F52C F545 F727 F73F FC76 FE9C FEB7 FED8 FEE9 FF03 FF24 FF3A FF59 FF74 FF9A FFB2 E7D4 A47F AC02 E0C9 E0F3 E129 E146 E3FD E702 E925 E93B
NH1 NAMO2 NUMA NEWCOL OPCODE OUTCK OUTLOW OUT1 OUTALL OUTA3 ONEK1 ONEK4 OUTT2 OUTDIS OUTD2 OUTD4 OUTDD1 OUTPRI OUT05 OUTPR2 OP03 OUTTAP OUTTA3 ONEBYT PRIFLG PRTIME PROMP1 PSLS PSL0A PSL0D PAK1 PHXY PRNDOT PRMN1 PRADR2 PRNTXY PCADJ3 P02 P00 PATCH1 PAT4A PATCH8 PAT9A PATC11 PATC14 PATC17 PATC18 PAT20 PAT21B PAT23 PATC24 RMNEM RINT RUB RS2 RS3B RS6 REG RBYT1 RCHEK RCHTTY READ
E690 E8E9 EA46 F163 A434 E538 E901 E97B E9BC E9E2 ED09 ED29 EEFB EF05 EF20 EF48 EF7B F000 F033 F044 F144 F24A F2B2 FD3E A411 06A4 E7C5 E7DC E814 E823 EA96 EB9E F087 F4D7 F4FF F538 F54D F729 F749 FE7C FEAE FEBC FEE2 FEEF FF0D FF2A FF3D FF60 FF7F FFA0 FFB5 0118 A485 0008 E0D4 E11A E13E E227 E407 E907 E926 E93C
NAMO NAMO3 NOUT NOWS1 OUTFLG OUTCK1 OUTL1 OUT1A OUTA1 OUTA4 ONEK2 OUTTTY OUTDP OUTD1 OUTD2A OUTD5 OUTDD2 OUT01 OUTPR OP04 OP05 OUTTA1 OPCOMP OK PCR PRITR PR1 PSL0 PSL0B PSL1 PAK2 PLXY PRDOT0 PRMN2 PRADR3 PRPC PCADJ4 P01 PNTLUP PAT2A PATCH5 PATC8C PAT9B PATC12 PATC15 PAT17A PAT18A PAT21 POMSG PAT23A PATC25 REGF RA RSET RS3A RS4 RS7 REG1 REGT RCH2 RCHT2 READ1
E8CF E8EB EA51 F909 A413 E53B E906 E986 E9C8 E9EA ED0B EEA8 EEFC EF14 EF2F EF56 EF87 F00F F038 F130 F150 F290 FCCB FDE7 A80C E6E1 E7CC E7FB E81C E837 EA9F EBAC F08C F4DB F519 F53C F554 F73B FBD0 FE91 FEB1 FED1 FEE8 FEF8 FF17 FF33 FF48 FF72 FF88 FFA5 FFBC A40E AC00 E0BF E0F1 E11D E144 E232 E6D9 E91F E928 E94A
READ2 RDRUP RED2 RSPAC RDBIT RDBIT4 ROW1 ROW4 ROW7 RTMODE REENTR REPLAC R88 R6 R7 R11 R102 R107 R1051 RDLUP STRING SAVPS SAVY STIY SP12 STA1 SH1 SEMI SWST1 SETZ SETSP2 SUB SIZEM STORCH STSHLP STLO TEXT TMASK2 TSPEED TAPOUT TABUFF T1CH T2L T1I TMSG1 TMSG5 TOGTA1 TOGL TO1 TAP2 TIB1 TIBY4 TIBY6 TIOSET TOBYTE TAOSET TP TYPTR1 TRYZP TRYINY UDRAH UT1L
E94D E95F E976 EA7B EE3B EE67 F421 F439 F451 F491 F6CF F93F F953 F984 F9AB F9CC F9E3 FA0A FA41 FE14 00EB A420 A423 A427 0001 E185 E652 E9BA EBBD F282 F2D3 F91D FB0F FBF6 FD30 FE6E 00E3 0127 A408 A435 0116 A805 A808 0000 E04D E05F E6BD E6E7 E7A9 E8BC ED48 ED63 EDAF EE1C F18B F21D F6D2 FAE2 FC28 FC85 A001 A004
REA1 RDR1 RD2 ROONEK RDBIT1 ROUT ROW2 ROW5 ROW8 RELADR RESNOW R8 R2W R5 R9 R100 R108 R104 R106 RED1 S1 SAVA SAVS STBKEY SETREG STBYTE SHIS SADDR SYNC SETSPD STOP SUB1 STCODE STOR1 SRCHLP STLOAD TYPE TEMPX TIMG TAPTR TABUF2 T1LL T2H T1FR TMSG2 TMSG6 TOGTA2 TOGL1 TTYTST TAP3 TIBY1 TIBY5 TIBY7 TIOS1 TABY2 TAOS1 TOPNO TYPTR2 TRY34 TRYJMP UDDRB UT1CH
E956 E96A EA5D ECEF EE43 F286 F429 F441 F459 F530 F8D0 F947 F95F F99D F9BE F9CF F9EF FA17 FA44 FE96 A41A A421 A424 A42B E113 E413 E665 EB78 EDFF F2C0 F870 F927 FB1E FC0A FE44 FE73 012E A431 A40B A436 00AD A806 A809 00C0 E050 E061 E6CB E6F6 E842 E8C2 ED53 ED65 EDB0 EE22 F1A7 F238 F8BC FAF1 FC40 FC94 A002 A005
RB2 REDOUT RD1 ROO1 RDBIT2 ROUT1 ROW3 ROW6 REGQ RTS1 REP2 R87 RQP R55 R10 R101 R103 R105 RDADDR SAVE S2 SAVX SAVPC SR START SHOW SH11 SWSTAK SYNC1 SETSP1 SETBOT SAVNOW STARTM STASH SRCHM SEMICOLON TMASK1 TEMPA TAPIN TAPTR2 T1L T1LH T2I TMSG0 TMSG3 TMSG7 TRACE TO TAP1 TIBYTE TIBY3 TIBY5A TAISET TIOS2 TABY3 TRY TPO1 TYPTB TRY56 UDRB UDDRA UT1LL
E95C E973 EA70 ED00 EE51 F28B F431 F449 F461 F55A F93E F94E F977 F9A8 F9C7 F9DA F9FA FA31 FBE5 00E7 0106 A422 A425 A80A E182 E64D E66A EBBA EE11 F2CA F8C5 F934 FBAA FD2C FE47 003B 0126 A433 A434 A437 A804 A807 0000 E048 E052 E066 E6DD E7A7 E8B3 ED3B ED56 ED88 EDEA EE24 F1CE F258 F8C0 FB5E FC5A A000 A003 A006
UT1LH USR UIFR UIN UPNO VECKSM VALID WRITAZ WHE1 WHEREO WHRO3 WRAX XORY1 ZON1 ZPY
A007 A00A A00D 0108 F709 E694 FCDD E2DB E85C E871 E897 EA42 FDFC F261 FC50
UT2L UACR UIER UOUT UP1 VECK1 VECK5 WRITAD WHE2 WHRO1 WHRO4 XORY XORYRT ZON2 ZPX
A008 A00B A00E 010A F713 E69E FF66 E2DD E868 E885 E89F FDEF FE02 F26C FC55
UT2H UPCR UDRA UP UP4 VECK2 VECK4 WHEREI WHE3 WHRO2 WHICHT XORYZ ZON ZPAGE
A009 A00C A00F F6F9 F720 E6AC FF6F E848 E870 E88E E8A8 FDF1 F25D FC38
tasm: Number of errors = 0 AIM 65 MICROCOMPUTER MONITOR PROGRAM LISTING Rockwell International Document No. 29650 N36L Rev. 1, April 1979 I used the Telemark Cross Assembler v3.1 (TASM) to re-create the source code. See http://www.halcyon.com/squakvly/ I tried to exactly duplicate the original source but some errors may exist. The exceptions are when the original had a hexadecimal constant instead of an ASCII constant or ASCII equate (especially CR) in some immediate mode instructions; I changed them to ASCII constants or an equate. For example, line 468 in the printed listing is: 0468 E185 A9 BC STA1 LDA #$BC ;"<" CHR WITH MSB=1 FOR DISP My version is: 0468 E185 A9 BC The TASM code, so However, That is, ASM file STA1 LDA #'<'+$80 ;"<" CHR WITH MSB=1 FOR DISP
assembler is not the same one that Rockwell used to write the some assembler directives and opcode formats are different. the ASM file uses the same line numbering as the printed listing. line 1000 in the printed listing corresponds to line 1000 in the and line 1000 in the LST file.
I could not fully read eight lines in the program listing because I was looking at a scanned copy, not the original. The rightmost characters were lost in the binding. These are the lines: 0149 1796 1804 2159 2262 3205 3719 3727 HIST =NAME JSR SWSTAK JSR SWSTAK RDBIT LDA TSPEED OUTDP1 JMP (DILINK) BNE IN02 LDA TYPE TRY34 LDA #04 ;FOUR LAST ADDR + NEXT (SINGL STEP) ;SWAP X , Y WITH RTRN ADDR FROM S ;SWAP X , Y WITH RTRN ADDR FROM ;ARE WE IN C7 OR 5B,5A FREQUENC ;HERE HE COULD ECHO SOMEWHERE ELSE ;CONTIN , DISP WONT ALLOW > 60 CHR ;CHCK FOR BRNCH WITH RELATIVE ADDR ;CHECK FOR ABSOLUTE OR ZP,X ORZP,
NOTE: I have since been told that the cut-off lines above exist in the original manual.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| TOPIC -- AIM Computer -- AIM BASIC Language Reference Manual +-----------------------------------------------------------------------AIM 65 MICROCOMPUTER BASIC LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL Rockwell International Corporation Document No 29650 N49 March 1979 TABLE OF CONTENTS 100 Installing BASIC in the AIM 65 200 Getting Started With Basic 201 BASIC Command Set 202 Direct and Indirect Commands 203 Operating on Programs and Lines 204 Printing Data 205 Number Format 206 Variables 207 Relational Tests 208 Looping 209 Matrix Operations 210 Subroutines 211 Entering Data 212 Strings 300 Statement 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 A B C D E F G H Definitions Special Characters Operators Commands Program Statements Input/Output Statements String Functions Arithmetic Functions
Error Messages Space Hints Speed Hints Converting BASIC Programs not Written for AIM 65 BASIC ASCII Character Codes Assembly Language Subroutines Storing AIM 65 BASIC Programs on Cassette ATN Implementation
INTRODUCTION Before a computer can perform any useful function, it must be "told" what to do. Unfortunately, at this time, computers are not capable of understanding English or any other "human" language. This is primarily because our languages are rich with ambiguities and implied meanings. The computer must be told precise instructions and the exact sequence of operations to be performed in order so accomplish any specific task. Therefore, in order to facilitate human communication with a computer, programming languages have been developed. Rockwell AIM 65 8K BASIC by Microsoft is a programming language both easily understood and simple to use. It serves as an excellent "tool" for applications in areas such as business, science, and education. After only a few hours of using BASIC, you will find that you can already write programs with an ease that few other computer languages can duplicate. Originally developed at Dartmouth University, the BASIC language has found wide acceptance in the computer field. Although it is one of the simplest computer languages to use, it is very powerful. BASIC uses a small set of common English words as its "comnmands." Designed specifically as an "interactive" language, you can give a command such as "PRINT 2 + 2," and BASIC will immediately reply with "4." It is not necessary to submit a card deck wish your program on it and then wait hours for the results. Instead, the full power of the computer is "at your fingertips." We hope that you enjoy BASIC, and are successful in using it to solve all of your programming
problems. 100 INSTALLING BASIC IN THE AIM 65 ROM INSTALLATION PROCEDURE Before handling the BASIC ROM circuits, be sure to observe the precautions outlined in Section 1.4 of the AIM 65 User's Guide. To install the ROMs, turn off power to the AIM 65. Inspect the pins on the two BASIC ROMs to ensure that they are straight and free of foreign material. While supporting the AIM 65 Master Module beneath the ROM socket, insert ROM number R3225 into Socket Z25, being careful to observe the device orientation. Now insert ROM number R3226 into Socket Z26. Be certain that both ROM's are completely inserted into their sockets, then turn on power to the AIM 65. ENTERING BASIC To enter and initialize BASIC, type 5 after the monitor prompt is displayed. with: <5> MEMORY SIZE? ^ Type the highest address in memory that is to be allocated to the BASIC program, in decimal. the entry by typing RETURN. BASIC will allocate memory from 530 (212 in hex) through the entered address. If BASIC is to use all available memory, type RETURN without entering an address. The highest address is 1024 (400 hex) in the 1K RAM version of AIM 65, and 4096 (1000 hex) in the 4K RAM version. BASIC will then ask: WIDTH? ^ Type in the output line width of the printer (or any other output device that is being used) and end the input with RETURN. The entered number may vary from 1 to 255, depending on the output device. If RETURN is typed without entering a number, the output line width is set to a default value of 20, which is the column width of the AIM 65 printer. BASIC will respond with: XXXX BYTES FREE where XXXX is the number of bytes available for BASIC program, variables, matrix storage, and string space. If all available memory was allocated, BASIC will reply with: 494 BYTES FREE (for 1K RAM; i.e., 1024-530) or 3566 BYTES FREE (for 4K RAM; i.e., 4096-530) BASIC will display: ^ AIM 65 BASIC Vn.n where n.n is the version number. BASIC is now in the command entry mode as indicated by the BASIC prompt (^) in the display column 1. Subject 201 gets you started into the BASIC commands. Read the following paragraphs first, however, so understand how to exit and reenter the BASIC and how the BASIC cursor prompt operates. CAUTION Entering BASIC with the 5 key causes the allocated End AIM 65 will respond
memory to be initialized with AA (hex) in all bytes, starting with address 532. This, of course, destroys any previous BASIC programs, data in the AIM 65 Editor Text Buffer, or machine level routines that may have been stored in this portion of memory. Be sure to save any desired data or programs that may exist in this area before entering BASIC with the 5 key. Note that text in the Text Buffer or machine level routine may co-exist in memory with BASIC by locating such text or routines in upper memory and entering the highest BASIC address with a value lower than the starting address of such text or routines. EXITING BASIC To escape from BASIC and return to the AIM 65 Monitor, type ESC any time the BASIC command cursor is displayed. You can also escape BASIC while a program is running, by pressing the F1 key (see Subject 301). Pressing RESET will also cause the AIM 65 Monitor to be entered as well as performing a hardware reset of AIM 65. REENTERING BASIC BASIC may be reentered by typing 6 whenever the AIM 65 Monitor prompt is displayed. In this case, however, any existing BASIC program is retained in memory. AIM 65 will respond to a Key 6 entry with: <6> ^6> BASIC CURSOR The BASIC cursor (^), displayed in column 1 whenever BASIC is in the command entry mode, indicates that a BASIC command can be entered. The last displayed data resulting from the previous command is retained except for column 1 to provide information continuity with the previous command or displayed output data. This is especially helpful when the printer control is turned off to preserve printer paper. When the first character of the next command is typed, the display will blank except for the newly typed character. The cursor then advances across the display in accordance with typed characters to indicate the character input position. The displayed cursor does not appear on the printer output, thus any data printed in column 1 will be retained. CAUTION The minus sign associated with any negative values that are displayed starting in column 1 will be replaced with the cursor in the BASIC command entry mode. In the case of direct commands, the minus sign will only flash before the cursor is displayed if the printer control is on or may not appear at all if the printer control is off. In order to retain the minus sign, a leading blank should be displayed before the value is displayed (see Subject 204). PRINTER CONTROL While in the BASIC command entry mode, the printer may be turned on or off by typing PRINT while CNTL is pressed (CNTL PRINT). The on/off state of the printer is displayed after typing PRINT. If the printer is turned off, statements in the BASIC command entry mode and data output from
PRINT commands will be directed to the display only. If the printer is turned on, all commands and data from PRINT commands will be directed to both the printer and display. With the printer off, data can still be directed to the printer by using the PRINT) command (see Subject 305). Similarly, INPUT statements will output data to the printer in response to the printer control state. An INPUT! statement will output data to the printer even if the printer control is off (see Subject 305). 200 201 GETTING STARTED WITH BASIC BASIC COMMAND SET
This section is not intended to be a detailed course in BASIC programming. It will, however, serve as an excellent introduction for those of you unfamiliar with the language. We recommend that you try each example in this section as it is presented. This will enhance your "feel" for BASIC and how it is used. Table 201-1 lists all the AIM 65 BASIC commands. NOTE Any time the cursor (^) is displayed in column 1 a BASIC command may be typed in. End all commands to BASIC by typing RETURN. The RETURN tells BASIC that you have finished typing the command. If you make an error, type a DEL (RUBOUT on a TTY) to eliminate the last character. Repeated use of DEL will eliminate previous characters. An @ symbol will eliminate that entire line being typed. Table 201.1. Commands -------CLEAR CONT FRE LIST LOAD NEW PEEK POKE RUN SAVE Program Statements -----------------DEF FN DIM END FOR GOSUB GOTO IF...GOTO IF...THEN LET NEXT ON...GOSUB ON...GOTO REM RESTORE RETURN STOP USR WAIT AIM 65 BASIC Commands Input/Output -----------DATA GET INPUT POS PRINT READ SPC TAB String Functions ---------------ASC CHR$ LEFT$ LEN MID$ RIGHT$ STR$ VAL Arithmetic Functions -------------------ABS ATN* COS EXP INT LOG RND SIN SGN SQR TAN
* Although the ATN function is not included in AIM 65 BASIC, the ATN command is recognized (see Appendix H). 202 DIRECT AND INDIRECT COMMANDS
DIRECT COMMANDS Try typing in the following: PRINT 10-4 (end with RETURN) BASIC will immediately print: 6 The print statement you typed in was executed as soon as you hit the RETURN key. This is called a direct command. BASIC evaluated the formula after the "PRINT" and then typed out its value, in this case "6". Now try typing in this: PRINT 1/2,3*10 BASIC will print: .5 30 ("*" means multiply, "/" means divide)
As you can see, BASIC can do division and multiplication as well as subtraction. Note how a "," (comma) was used in the print command to print two values instead of just one. The command divides a line into 10-character-wide columns. The comma causes BASIC to skip to the next 10-column field on the terminal, where the value 30 is printed. INDIRECT COMMANDS There is another type of command called an Indirect Command. Every Indirect command begins with a Line Number. A Line Number is any integer from 0 to 63999. Try typing in these lines: 10 PRINT 2+3 20 PRINT 2-3 A sequence of Indirect Commands is called a "Program." Instead of executing indirect statements immediately, BASIC saves Indirect Commands in memory. When you type in RUN, BASIC will execute the lowest numbered indirect statement that has been typed in first, then the next higher, etc., for as many as were typed in. In the example above, we typed in line 10 first and line 20 second. However, it makes no difference in what order you type in indirect statements. BASIC always puts them into correct numerical order according to the Line Number. Suppose we type in RUN BASIC will print: 5 -1 203 OPERATING ON PROGRAMS AND LINES Now let's see how BASIC can be used
In Subject 202, we typed a two-line program into memory. to operate on either or both lines. LISTING A PROGRAM
If we want a listing of the complete program currently in memory, we type in LIST
BASIC will reply with: 10 PRINT 2+3 20 PRINT 2-3 DELETING A LINE Sometimes it is desirable to delete a line of a program altogether. This is accomplished by typing the Line Number of the line so be deleted, followed by a carriage return. Type in the following: 10 LIST BASIC will reply with: 20 PRINT 2-3 We have now deleted line 10 from the program. REPLACING A LINE You can replace line 10, rather than just deleting it, by typing the new line 10 and hitting RETURN. Type in the following: 10 PRINT 3-3 LIST BASIC will reply with: 10 PRINT 3-3 20 PRINT 2-3 It is not recommended that lines be numbered consecutively. It may become necessary to insert a new line between two existing lines. An increment of 10 between line numbers is generally sufficient. DELETING A PROGRAM If you want to delete the complete program currently stored in memory, type in "NEW." If you are finished running one program and are about to read in a new one, be sure to type in "NEW" first. Type in the following: NEW Now type in: LIST 204 PRINTING DATA
If is often desirable to include explanatory text along with answers that are printed out. Type in the following: PRINT "ONE HALF EQUALS", 1/2 BASIC will reply with: ONE THIRD EOUALS .5 As explained in Subject 202, including a "," in a PRINT statement causes it to space over to the next 10-column field before the value following the "," is printed.
If we use a ";" instead of a comma, the next value will be printed immediately following the previous value. NOTE Numbers are always printed with at least one trailing space. Any text to be printed must always be enclosed in double quotes. Try the following examples: 1. 2. PRINT "ONE HALF EQUALS"; 1/2 ONE HALF EQUALS .5 PRINT 1,2,3 1 2 3 ... PRINT 1;2;3 1 2 3 PRINT -1;2;-3 -1 2 -3 NUMBER FORMAT
3. 4. 205
We will digress for a moment to explain the format of numbers in BASIC. Numbers are stored internally to over nine digits of accuracy. When a number is printed, only nine digits are shown. Every number may also have an exponent (a power of ten scaling factor). The largest number that may be presented in AIM 65 BASIC is 1.70141183*10^38, while the smallest positive number is 2.93873588*10^-39. When a number is printed, the following rules define the format: 1. 2. 3. 4. If the number is negative, a minus sign (-) is printed. printed. If the number is positive, a space is
If the absolute value of the number is an integer in the range 0 to 999999999, it is printed as an integer. If the absolute value of the number is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 999999999, it is printed in fixed point notation, with no exponent. If the number does not fall under categories 2 or 3, scientific notation is used. SX.XXXXXXXXESTT. (Each X is some integer,
Scientific notation is formatted as follows: 0 to 9.)
The leading "S" is the sign of the number: a space for a positive number and a "-" for for a negative one. One non-zero digit is printed before the decimal point. This it followed by the decimal point and then the other eight digits of the mantissa. An "E" is then printed (for exponent), followed by the sign (S) of the exponent; then the two digits (TT) of the exponent itself. Leading zeroes are never printed; i.e., the digit before the decimal is never zero. Trailing zeroes are never printed. If there is only one digit to print after all trailing zeroes are suppressed, no decimal point is printed. The exponent sign will be "+" for positive and "-" for negative. Two digits of the exponent are always printed; that is, zeroes are not suppressed in the exponent field. The value of any number expressed thus is the number so the left of the "E" times 10 raised to the power of the number to the right of the "E". Regardless of what format is used, a space is always printed following a number. BASIC checks to see if the entire number will fit on the current line. If it cannot, a carriage return/line feed is executed before printing the number. Following are examples of various numbers and the output format in which BASIC will output them: NUMBER ------------OUTPUT FORMAT -------------
+1 -1 6523 -23.460 1E20 -12.3456E-7 1.234567E-10 1000000000 999999999 .1 .01 .000123
1 -1 6523 -23.46 1E+20 -1.23456E-06 1.23457E-10 1E+09 999999999 .1 .01 1.23 E-04
A number input from the keyboard or a numeric constant used in a BASIC program may have as many digits as desired, up to the maximum length of a line (72 characters) or maximum numeric value. However, only the first 10 digits are significant, and tenth digit is rounded up. PRINT 1.23456789876543210 1.2345679 206 VARIABLES
ASSIGNING VARIABLES WITH AN INPUT STATEMENT Following is an example of a program that reads a value from the keyboard and uses that value to calculate and print a result: 10 INPUT R 20 PRINT 3.14159*R*R RUN ?10 314.159 Here's what's happening: When BASIC encounters the input statement, it outputs a question mark (?) on the display and then waits for you to type in a number. When you do (in the above example, 10 was typed), execution continues with the next statement in the program after the variable (R) has been set (in this case to 10). In the above example, line 20 would now be executed. When the formula after the PRINT statement is evaluated, the value 10 is substituted for the variable R each time R appears in the formula. Therefore, the formula becomes 3.14159*10*10, or 314.159. If we wanted so calculate the area of various circles, we could rerun the program for each successive circle. But, there's an easier way to do it simply by adding another line to the program, as follows: 30 GOTO 10 RUN ?10 314.159 ?3 28.27431 ?4.7 69.3977231 ? By putting a "GOTO" statement on the end of our program, we have caused it to go back to line 10 after it prints each answer for the successive circles. This could have gone on indefinitely, but we decided to stop after calculating the area for three circles. This was accomplished by typing a carriage return to the input statement (thus a blank line). VARIABLE NAMES The letter "R" in the program above is a "variable." A variable name can be any alphabetic character and may be followed by any alphanumeric character (letters A to Z, numbers 0 to 9). Any alphanumeric characters after the first two are ignored. Here are some examples of legal and illegal variable names: Legal A Illegal % (first character must be alphabetic)
Z1 TP PSTG$ COUNT
ZIABCD (variable name too long) TO (variable names cannot be reserved words) RGOTO (variable names cannot contain reserved words)
ASSIGNING VARIABLES WITH A LET OR ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT Besides having values assigned to variables with an input statement, you can also set the value of a variable with a LET or assignment statement. Try the following examples: A=5 PRINT A, A*2 5 10 LET Z=7 PRINT Z, Z-A 7 2 As you will notice from the examples, the "LET" is optional in an assignment statement. BASIC "remembers" the values that have been assigned to variables using this type of statement. This "remembering" process uses space in the memory to store the data. The values of variables are discarded (and the space in memory used to store them is released) when one of four conditions occur: * * * * A new line is typed into the program or an old line is deleted A CLEAR command is typed in A RUN command is typed in NEW is typed in
Another important fact is that if a variable is encountered in a formula before it is assigned a value, it is automatically assigned the value zero. Zero is then substituted as the value of the variable in the particular formula. Try the example below: PRINT Q;Q+2;Q*2 0 2 0 RESERVED WORDS The words used as BASIC statements are "reserved" for this specific purpose. You cannot use these words as variable names or inside of any variable name. For instance, "FEND" would be illegal because "END" is a reserved word. Table 206-1 is a list of the reserved words in BASIC. Table 206-1. ABS AND ASC ATN CHR$ CLEAR CONT COS DATA DEF DIM END EXP AIM 65 BASIC Reserved Words LIST LOAD LOG MID$ NEW NEXT NOT NULL ON OR PEEK POKE PRINT POS READ REM RESTORE RETURN RIGHT$ RND RUN SAVE SGN SIN SPC SQR STEP STOP STR$ TAB TAN THEN TO USR VAL WAIT
FN FOR FRE GET GOSUB GOTO IF INPUT INT LEFT$ LEN LET
REMARKS The REM (short for "remark") statement is used to insert comments or notes into a program. BASIC encounters a REM statement, the rest of the line is ignored. When
This serves mainly as an aid for the programmer and serves no useful function as far as the operation of the program in solving a particular problem. 207 RELATIONAL TESTS
Suppose we wanted to write a program to check whether a number is zero. With the statements we've gone over so far, this could not be done. What is needed is a statement which can be used to conditionally branch to another statement. The "IF-THEN" statement does just that. Type in the following program: 10 20 30 40 50 60 INPUT B IF B=0 THEN 55 PRINT "NON-ZERO" GOTO 10 PRINT "ZERO" GOTO 10 (remember, type NEW first)
When this program is typed and run, it will ask for a value for B. Type in any value you wish. The AIM 65 will then come to the "IF" statement. Between the "IF" and the "THEN" portion of the statement there are two expressions separated by a "relation." A relation is one of the following six symbols: RELATION -------= > < <> <= or =< => or >= MEANING -----------------------EQUAL TO GREATER THAN LESS THAN NOT EQUAL TO LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO
The IF statement is either true or false, depending upon whether the two expressions satisfy the relation. For example, in the program we just did, if 0 was typed in for B the IF statement would be true because 0=0. In this case, since the number after the THEN is 50, execution of the program would continue at line 50. Therefore, "ZERO" would be printed and then the program would jump back to line 10 (because of the GOTO statement in line 60). Suppose a 1 was typed in for B. Since 1=0 is false, the IF statement would be false and the program would continue execution with the next line. Therefore, "NON-ZERO" would be printed and the GOTO in line 40 would send the program back to line 10. A PROGRAM USING RELATIONS Now try the following program for comparing two numbers: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 INPUT A,B IF A<=B THEN 50 PRINT "A IS BIGGER" GOTO 10 IF A<B THEN 80 PRINT "THEY ARE THE SAME" GOTO 10 PRINT "B IS BIGGER" GOTO 10
When this program is run, line 10 will input two numbers from the keyboard. At line 20, if A is greater than B, A<=B will be false. This will cause the next statement to be executed, printing "A IS BIGGER" and then line 40 sends the computer back to line 10 to begin again. At line 20, if A has the same value as B, A<=B is true so we go to line 50. At line 50, since A has the same value as B, A<B is false; therefore, we go to the following statement and print "THEY ARE THE SAME." Then line 70 sends us back to the beginning again.
At line 20, if A is smaller than B, A<=B is true so we goto line 50. At line 50, A<B will be true so we then go to line 80. "B IS BIGGER" is then printed and again we go back to the beginning. Try running the last two programs several times. It may be easier to understand if you try writing your own program at this time using the IF-THEN statement. Actually trying programs of your own is the quickest and easiest way to understand how BASIC works. Remember, to stop these programs just give a RETURN to the input statement. 208 LOOPING Let's take a closer look and
One advantage of computers is their ability to perform repetitive tasks. see how this works. A SQUARE ROOT PROGRAM
Suppose we want a table of square roots from 1 to 9. The BASIC function for square root is "SQR"; the form being SORIX), X being the number whose square root is to be calculated. We could write the program as follows: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT 1,SQR(1) 2,SQR(2) 3,SQR(3) 4,SQR(4) 5,SQR(5) 6,SQR(6) 7,SQR(7) 8,SQR(8) 9,SQR(9)
AN IMPROVED SQUARE ROOT PROGRAM This program will do the job, but is terribly inefficient. by using the IF statement just introduced as follows: 10 20 3D 40 N=1 PRINT N;SQR(N) N=N+1 IF N<=9 THEN 20 We can improve the program considerably
When this program is run, its output will look exactly like that of the 9 statement program above it. Let's look at how it works: At line 10 we have a LET statement which sets the value of the variable N equal to 1. At line 20 we print N and the square root of N using its current value. It thus becomes 20 PRINT 1;SQR(1), and this calculation is printed out. At line 30 we use what will appear at first to be a rather unusual LET statement. Mathematically, the statement N=N+1 is nonsense. However, the important thing to remember is that in a LET statement, the symbol "=" does not signify equality. In this case, "=" means "to be replaced with." All the statement does is to take the current value of N and add 1 to it. Thus, after the first time through line 30, N becomes 2. At line 40, since N now equals 2, N<=9 is true so the THEN portion branches us back to line 20, with N now at a value of 2. The overall result is that lines 20 through 40 are repeated, each time adding 1 to the value of N. When N finally equals 9 at line 20, the next line will increment it to 11. This results in a false statement at line 40, and since there are no further statements to the program it stops. BASIC STATEMENTS FOR LOOPING This technique is referred to as "looping" or "iteration." Since it is used quite extensively in programming, there are special BASIC statements for using it. We can show these with the following program: 10 FOR N=1 TO 9 20 PRINT N;SQR(N) 30 NEXT N
The output of the program listed above will be exactly the same as the previous two programs. At line 10, N is set to equal 1. Line 20 causes the value of N and the square root of N so be printed. At line 30 we sees new type of statement. The "NEXT N" statement causes one to be added to N, and then if N<=9 we go back to the statement following the "FOR" statement. The overall operation then is the same as with the previous program. Notice that the variable following the "FOR" is exactly the same as the variable after the "NEXT." There is nothing special about the N in this case. Any variable could be used, as long as it is the same in both the "FOR" and the "NEXT" statements. For instance, "Z1" could be substituted everywhere there is an "N" in the above program and it would function exactly the same. ANOTHER SQUARE ROOT PROGRAM Suppose we want to print a table of square roots of each even number from 10 to 20. following program performs this task: 10 20 30 40 N=10 PRINT N;SQR(N) N=N+2 IF N<=20 THEN 20 This program The
Note the similarity between this program and our "improved" square root program. can also be written using the "FOR" loop just introduced. 10 FOR N=10 TO 20 STEP 2 20 PRINT N;SQR(N) 30 NEXT N
Notice that the only major difference between this program and the previous one using "FOR" loops is the addition of the "STEP 2" clause. This tells BASIC to add 2 to N each time, instead of 1 as in the previous program. If no "STEP" is given in a "FOR" statement, BASIC assumes that 1 is to be added each time. The "STEP" can be followed by any expression. A COUNT-BACKWARD PROGRAM Suppose we wanted to count backward from 10 to 1. follows: 10 20 30 40 I=10 PRINT I I=I-1 IF I>=1 THEN 20 A program for doing this would be as
Notice that we are now checking to see that I is greater than or equal to the final value. The reason is that we are now counting by a negative number. In the previous examples it was the opposite, so we were checking for a variable less than or equal to the final value. SOME OTHER LOOPING OPERATIONS The "STEP" statement previously shown can also be used with negative numbers to accomplish this same result. This can be done using the same format as in the other program: 10 FOR I=10 TO 1 STEP -1 20 PRINT I 30 NEXT I "FOR" loops can also be "nested." 10 20 30 40 50 FOR I=1 TO 5 FOR J=1 TO 3 PRINT I,J NEXT J NEXT I The For example:
Notice that "NEXT J" precedes "NEXT I." This is because the J-Ioop is inside the I-loop. following program is incorrect; run it and see what happens:
10 20 30 40 50
FOR I=1 TO 5 FOR J=1 TO 3 PRINT I,J NEXT I NEXT J
It does not work because when the "NEXT I" is encountered, all knowledge of the J-loop is lost. This happens because the J-loop is "inside" the I-loop. 209 MATRIX OPERATIONS BASIC allows this to
It is often convenient to be able to select any element in a table of numbers. be done through the use of matrices.
A matrix is a table of numbers. The name of this table (the matrix name) is any legal variable name, "A" for example. The matrix name "A" is distinct and separate from the simple variable "A," and you could use both in the same program. To select an element of the table, we subscript "A": that is, to select the I'th element, we enclose I in parentheses "(I)" and then follow "A" by this subscript. Therefore, "A(I)" is the I'th element in the matrix "A." "A(1)" is only one element of matrix A, and BASIC must be told how much space so allocate for the entire matrix. This is done with a "DIM" statement, using the format "DIM A(15)." In this case, we have reserved space for the matrix index "I" to go from 0 to 15. Matrix subscripts always start as 0; therefore, in the above example, we have allowed for 16 numbers in matrix A. If "A(1)" is used in a program before is has been dimensioned, BASIC reserves space for 11 elements (0 through 10). A SORT PROGRAM As an example of how matrices are used, try the following program so sort a list of 8 numbers, in which you pick the numbers to be sorted: 10 20 30 50 70 80 90 100 DIM A(8) FOR I=1 TO 8 INPUT A(I) NEXT I F=0 FOR I=1 TO 7 IF A(I)<=A(I+1) THEN 140 T=A(I) 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 A(I)=A(I+1) A(I+1)=T F=1 NEXT I IF F=1 THEN 70 FOR I=1 TO 8 PRINT A(I) NEXT I
When line 10 is executed, BASIC sets aside space for 9 numeric values, A(0) through A(8). Lines 20 through 50 get the unsorted list from the user. The sorting itself is done by going through the list of numbers and switching any two that are not in order. "F" is used to indicate if any switches were made; if any were made, line 150 tells BASIC to go back and check some more. If we did not switch any numbers, or after they are all in order, lines 160 through 180 will print out the sorted list. Note that a subscript can be any expression. 210 SUBROUTINES
If you have a program that performs the same action in several different places, you could duplicate the same statements for the action in each place within the program. The "GOSUB" and "RETURN" statements can be used to avoid this duplication. When a "GOSUB" is encountered, BASIC branches to the line whose number follows the "GOSUB." However, BASIC remembers where it was in the program before it branches. When the "RETURN" statement is encountered, BASIC goes back to the first statement following the last "GOSUB" that was executed. Observe the following program: 10 30 40 50 70 80 90 PRINT GOSUB T=N PRINT GOSUB PRINT STOP "WHAT IS THE NUMBER"; 100 "SECOND NUMBER"; 100 "THE SUM IS"; T+N
100 110 120 130 140
INPUT N IF N=INT(N) THEN 140 PRINT "MUST BE INTEGER." GOTO 100 RETURN
This program asks for two numbers (which must be integers), and then prints their sum. The subroutine in this program is lines 100 to 140. The subroutine asks for a number, and if it is not an integer, asks for a new number. It will continue to ask until an integer value is typed in. The main program prints "WHAT IS THE NUMBER," and then calls the subroutine so get the value of the number into N. When the subroutine returns (to line 40), the value input is saved in the variable T. This is done so that when the subroutine is called a second time, the value of the first number will not be lost. "SECOND NUMBER" is then printed, and the second value is entered when the subroutine is again called. When the subroutine returns the second time, "THE SUM IS" is printed, followed by the sum. T contains the value of the first number that was entered and N contains the value of the second number. STOPPING A PROGRAM The next statement in the program is a "STOP" statement. This causes the program to stop execution at line 90. If the "STOP" statement was excluded from the program, we would "fall into" the subroutine at line 100. This is undesirable because we would be asked to input another number. If we did, the subroutine would try to return; and since there was no "GOSUB" which called the subroutine, an RG error would occur. Each "GOSUB" executed in a program should have a matching "RETURN" executed later. The opposite also applies: a "RETURN" should be encountered only if it is part of a subroutine which has been called by a "GOSUB." Either "STOP" or "END" can be used to separate a program from its subroutines. print a message saying at what line the "STOP" was encountered. 211 ENTERING DATA "STOP" will
Suppose you had to enter numbers to your program that did not change each time the program was run, but you would like it to be easy to change them if necessary. BASIC contains special statements, "READ" and "DATA," for this purpose. Consider the following program: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 90 95 100 110 120 PRINT "GUESS A NUMBER"; INPUT G READ D IF D = -999999 THEN 90 IF D<>G THEN 30 PRINT "YOU ARE CORRECT" END PRINT "BAD GUESS, TRY AGAIN." RESTORE GOTO 10 DATA 1,393,-39,28,391,-8,0,3.14,90 DATA 89,5,10,15,-34,-999999
When the "READ" statement is encountered, the effect is the same as an INPUT statement. But, instead of getting a number from the keyboard, a number is read from the "DATA" statements. The first time a number is needed for a READ, the first number in the first DATA statement is read. The second time one is needed, the second number in the first DATA statement is read. When the all numbers of the first DATA statement have been read in this manner, the second DATA statement will be used. DATA is always read sequentially in this manner, and there may be any number of DATA statements in your program. The purpose of this program is to play a little game in which you try to guess one of the numbers contained in the DATA statements. For each guess that is typed in, we read through all of the numbers in the DATA statements until we find one that matches the guess.
If more values are read than there are numbers in the DATA statements, an out of data (OD) error occurs. That is why in line 40 we check to see if -999999 was read. This is not one of the numbers to be matched, but is used as a flag to indicate that all of the data (possible correct guesses) has been read. Therefore, if -999999 was read, we know that the guess was incorrect. Before going back to line 10 for another guess, we need to make the READ's begin with the first piece of data again. This is the function of the "RESTORE." After the RESTORE is encountered, the next piece of data read will be the first number in the first DATA statement again. DATA statements may be placed anywhere within the program. Only READ statements make use of the DATA statements in a program, and any other time they are encountered during program execution they will be ignored. 212 STRINGS
A list of characters is referred to as a "String." Rockwell, R6500, and THIS IS A TEST are all strings. Like numeric variables, string variables can be assigned specific values. String variables are distinguished from numeric variables by a "$" after the variable name. For example, try the following: A$="ROCKWELL R6500" PRINT A$ ROCKWELL R6500 In this example, we set the string variable A$ to the string value "ROCKWELL R6500." we also enclosed the character string so be assigned to A$ in quotes. LEN FUNCTION Now that we have set A$ to a string value, we can find out what the length of this value is (the number of characters it contains). We do this as follows: PRINT LEN(A$),LEN("MICROCOMPUTER") 14 13 The "LEN" function returns an integer equal to the number of characters in a string. A string expression may contain from 0 to 255 characters. A string containing 0 characters is called the "null" string. Before a string variable is set to a value in the program, it is initialized to the null string. Printing a null string on the terminal will cause no characters to be printed, and the printer or cursor will not be advanced to the next column. Try the following: PRINT LEN(Q$);Q$;3 0 3 Another way to create the null string is: Q$="" Note that
Setting a string variable to the null string can be used to free up the string space used by a non-null string variable. LEFT$ FUNCTION It is often desirable to access parts of a string and manipulate them. Now that we have set A$ to "ROCKWELL R6500," we might want to print out only the first eight characters of A$. We would do so like this: PRINT LEFT$(A$,8) ROCKWELL "LEFT$" is a string function which returns a string composed of the leftmost N characters of its string argument. Here is another example: FOR N=1 TO LEN(A$):PRINT LEFT$(A$,N):NEXT N R RO ROC ROCK
ROCKW ROCKWE ROCKWEL ROCKWELL ROCKWELL ROCKWELL ROCKWELL ROCKWELL ROCKWELL
R R6 R65 R650 R6500
Since A$ has 14 characters this loop will be executed with N=1,2,3,...,13,14. The first time through only the first character will be printed, the second time the first two characters will be printed, etc. RIGHT$ FUNCTION Another string function, called "RIGHT$," returns the right N characters from a string expression. Try substituting "RIGHT$" for "LEFT$" in the previous example and see what happens. MID$ FUNCTION There is also a string function which allows us to take characters from the middle of a string. the following: FOR N=1 TO LEN(A$):PRINT MID$(A$,N):NEXT N ROCKWELL R6500 OCKWELL R6500 CKWELL R6500 KWELL R6500 WELL R6500 ELL R6500 LL R6500 L R6500 R6500 R6500 6500 500 00 0 "MID$" returns a string starting at the Nth position of A$ so the end (last character) of A$. The first position of the string is position 1 and the last possible position of a string is position 255. Very often it is desirable to extract only the Nth character from a string. This can be done by calling MID$ with three arguments. The third argument specifies the number of characters to return. For example: FOR N=1 TO LEN(A$):PRINT MID$(A$,N,1),MID$(A$,N,2):NEXT N R RO O OC C CK K KW W WE E EL L LL L L R R R6 6 65 5 50 0 00 0 0 CONCATENATION-JOINING STRINGS Strings may also be concatenated (put or joined together) through the use of the "+" operator. Try the following: Try
B$="BASIC FOR"+" "+A$ PRINT B$ BASIC FOR ROCKWELL R6500 Concatenation is especially useful if you wish to take a string apart and then put it back together with slight modifications. For instance: C$=LEFT$(B$,9)+"-"+MID$(B$,11,8)+"-"+RIGHT$(B$,5) PRINT C$ BASIC FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL AND STRS FUNCTIONS Sometimes it is desirable to convert a number to its string representation, and vice-versa. and "STR$" perform these functions. Try the following: STRING$="567.8" PRINT VAL(STRING$) 567.8 STRING$=STR$(3.1415) PRINT STRINGS$,LEFT$(STRING$,5) 3.1415 3.14 "STR$" can be used to perform formatted I/O on numbers. You can convert a number to a string and then use LEFT$, RIGHT$, MID$ and concatenation to reformat the number as desired. "STR$" can also be used to conveniently find out how many print columns a number will take. For example: PRINT LEN(STR$(3.157)) 6 If you have an application in which a user is typing in a question such as "WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF A CYLINDER OF RADIUS 5.36 FEET, OF HEIGHT 5.1 FEET?" you can use "VAL" to extract the numeric values 5.36 and 5.1 from the question. CHR$ FUNCTION CHR$ is a string function which returns a one character string which contains the alphanumeric equivalent of the argument, according so the conversion table in Appendix E. ASC takes the first character of a string and converts it to its ASCII decimal value. One of the most common uses of CHR$ is to send a special character to a terminal. 100 110 120 130 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 185 190 200 202 204 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 DIM A$(15) FOR I=1 TO 15 READ A$(I) NEXT I F=0:I=1 IF A$(I)<=A$(I+1) THEN 180 T$=A$(I+1) A$(I+1)=A$(I) A$(I)=T$ F=1 I=I+1 IF I<15 THEN 130 IF F THEN 120 FOR I=1 TO 15 PRINT A$(I) NEXT I DATA AIM 65,DOG DATA CAT,R6500 DATA ROCKWELL,RANDOM DATA SATURDAY,"***ANSWER***" DATA MICRO,FOO DATA COMPUTER,MED DATA NEWPORT BE-ACH,DALLAS,ANAHEIM "VAL"
ADDITIONAL STRING CONSIDERATIONS 1. 2. A string may contain from 0 to 255 characters. sign ($); for example, A$, B9$, K$, HELLO$. All string variable names end in a dollar
String matrices may be dimensioned exactly like numeric matrices. For instance, DIM A$(10,10) creates a string matrix of 121 elements, eleven rows by elevon columns (rows 0 to 10 and columns 0 to 10). Each string matrix element is a complete string, which can be up to 255 characters in length. NAME ---DIM EXAMPLE ------25 DIM A$(10,10) PURPOSE/USE ----------Allocates space for a pointer and length for each element of a string matrix. No string space is allocated. Assigns the value of a string expression to a string variable. LET is optional. String comparison operators. Comparison is made on the basis of ASCII codes, a character at a time until a difference is found. If during the comparison of two strings, the end of one is reached, the shorter string is considered smaller. Note that "A " is greater than "A" since trailing spaces are significant. 30 LET Z$=R$+Q$ String concatenation. The resulting string must be less than 256 characters in length or an LS error will occur. Reads a string from the keyboard. does not have to be quoted; but if leading blanks will be ignored and string will be terminated on a "," character. String not, the or ":"
LET = > < <= or =< >= or => <>
27 LET A$="FOO"+V$
INPUT
40 INPUT X$
READ
50 READ X$
Reads a string from DATA statements within the program. Strings do not have to be quoted; but if they are not, they are terminated on a "," or ":" character and leading spaces are ignored. See DATA for the format of string data. Prints the string expression on the display/printer.
PRINT 300 301
60 PRINT X$ 70 PRINT "FOO"+A$
STATEMENT DEFINITIONS SPECIAL CHARACTERS CHARACTER --------@ DEL RETURN USE --Erases current line being typed, and types a carriage return/line feed. Erases last character typed. If no more characters are left on the line, types a carriage return/line feed. A RETURN must end every line typed in. Returns cursor to the first position (leftmost) on line, and prints the line if the printer is on. Interrupts execution of a program or a list command. F1 has effect when a statement finishes execution, or in the case of interrupting a LIST command, when a complete line has finished printing. In both cases a return is made to BASIC's
F1
command level and OK is typed. Prints "BREAK IN LINE XXXX," where XXXX is the line number of the next statement to be executed. There is no F1 key on a TTY. However, when TTY is being used, the AIM 65's F1 key is operational and can be used. : (colon) A colon is used to separate statements on a line. Colons may be used in direct and indirect statements. The only limit on the number of statements per line is the line length. It is not possible to GOTO or GOSUB to the middle of a line. Question marks are equivalent to PRINT. For instance, ? 2+2 is equivalent to PRINT 2+2. Question marks can also be used in indirect statements. 10 ? X, when listed, will be typed as 10 PRINT X. A dollar sign ($) suffix on a variable name establishes the variable as a character string. A percent sign (%) suffix on a variable name establishes the variable as an integer An exclamation sign (!) suffix on an INPUT, PRINT, or ? command causes the input or output to be printed even though the printer is turned off. Returns control to the Monitor. Turns the AIM 65 printer on if it is off, and off if it is on.
$ % !
ESC CNTL PRINT 302 OPERATORS SYMBOL -----=
SAMPLE STATEMENT ---------------A=100 LET Z=2.5
PURPOSE/USE ----------Assigns a value to a variable The LET is optional Negation. Note that 0-A is subtraction, while -A is negation. Exponentiation (equal to X*X*X in in the sample statement) 0^0=1 0 to any other power = 0
^ (F3 key)
B=-A 130 PRINT X^3
A^B, with A negative and B not an integer gives an FC error. * / + 140 X=R*(B*D) 150 PRINT X/1.3 160 Z=R+T+Q 170 J=100-I Multiplication. Division. Addition Subtraction
RULES FOR EVALUATING EXPRESSIONS: 1) Operations of higher precedence are performed before operations of lower precedence. This means the multiplication and divisions are performed before additions and subtractions. As an example, 2+10/5 equals 4, not 2.4. When operations of equal precedence are found in a formula, the left hand one is executed first: 6-3+5=8, not -2. The order in which operations are performed can always be specified explicitly through the use of parentheses. For instance, to add 5 to 3 and then divided that by 4, we would use (5+3)/4, which equals 2. If instead we had used 5+3/4, we would get 5.75 as a result
2)
(5 plus 3/4). The precedence of operators used in evaluating expressions is as follows, in order beginning with the highest precedence : NOTE Operators listed on the same line have the same precedence. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Expressions in parentheses are always evaluated first ^ (F3 KEY) NEGATION * and / + and ExponentiatiOn -X where X may be a formula Multiplication and Division Addition and Subtraction = <> < > =< or <= => or >= Equal Not Equal Less Than Greater Than Less Than or Equal Greater Than or Equal
RELATIONAL OPERATORS: (equal precedence for all six)
(These three below are Logical Operators) 7) NOT Logical and bitwise "NOT" like negation, not takes only the formula to its right as an argument Logical and bitwise "AND" Logical and bitwise "OR"
8) 9)
AND OR
A relational expression can be used as part of any expression. Relational Operator expressions will always have a value of True (-1) or a value of False (0). Therefore, (5=4)=0, (5=5)=-1, (4>5)=0, (4<5)=-1, etc. The THEN clause of an IF statement is executed whenever the formula after the IF is not equal to 0. That is to say, IF X THEN ... is equivalent to IF X<>0 THEN .... SYMBOL -----<> > < <=,=< >=,=> AND SAMPLE STATEMENT ---------------10 IF A=15 THEN 40 70 IF A<>0 THEN 5 30 IF B>100 THEN 8 160 IF B<2 THEN 10 180 IF 100<=B+C THEN 10 190 IF Q=>R THEN 50 2 IF A<5 AND B<2 THEN 7 PURPOSE/USE ----------Expression Equals Expression Expression Does Not Equal Expression Expression Greater Than Expression Expression Less Than Expression Expression Less Than or Equal To Expression Expression Greater Than Or Equal To Expression If expression 1 (A<5) AND expression 2 (B<2) are both true, then branch to line 7 If either expression 1 (A<1) OR expression 2 (B<2) is true, then branch to line 2
OR
IF A<1 OR B<2 THEN 2
NOT
IF NOT Q3 THEN 4
If expression "NOT Q3" is true (Because Q3 is false), then branch to line 4 Note: NOT -1=0 (NOT true=false)
AND, OR, and NOT can be used for bit manipulation, and for performing boolean operations. These three operators convert their arguments to sixteen bit, signed two's-complement integers in the range -32768 to +32767. They then perform the specified logical operation on them and return a result within the same range. If the arguments are not in this range, an "FC" error results. The operations are performed in bitwise fashion, this means that each bit of the result is obtained by examining the bit in the same position for each argument. The following truth table shows the logical relationship between bits: OPERATOR -------AND ARGUMENT 1 ---------1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 ARGUMENT 2 ---------1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 RESULT -----1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
OR
NOT EXAMPLES:
(In all of the examples below, leading zeroes on binary numbers are not shown.) Since 63 equals binary 111111 and 16 equals binary 10000, the result of the AND is binary 10000 or 16. 15 equals binary 1111 and 14 equals binary 1110, so 15 AND 14 equals binary 1110 or 14. -1 equals binary 1111111111111111 and 8 equals binary 1000, so the result is binary 1000 or 8 decimal. 4 equals binary 100 and 2 equals binary 10, so the result is binary 0 because nons of the bits in either argument match to give a 1 bit in the result. Binary 100 OR'd with binary 10 equals binary 110, or 6 decimal. Binary 1010 OR'd with binary 1010 equals binary 1010, or 10 decimal. Binary 1111111111111111 (-1) OR'd with binary 1111111111111110 (-2) equals binary 1111111111111111, or -1. The bit complement of binary 0 to 16 places is sixteen ones (1111111111111111) or -1. Also NOT -1=0. NOT X is equal to -(X+1). This is because to form the sixteen bit two's complement of the number, you take the bit (one's) complement and add one. The sixteen bit complement of 1 is 1111111111111110, which is equal to -(1+1) or -2.
63 AND 16=16 15 AND 14=14 -1 AND 8=8 4 AND 2=0
4 OR 2=6 10 OR 10=10 -1 OR -2=-1 NOT 0=-1 NOT X
NOT 1=-2
A typical use of the bitwise operators is to test bits set in the computer's locations which reflect the state of some external device. Bit position 7 is the most significant bit of a byte, while position 0 is the least significant.
For instance, suppose bit 1 of location 40963 is 0 when the door to Room X is closed, and 1 if the door is open. The following program will print "Intruder Alert" if the door is opened: 10 IF NOT (PEEK(40963) AND 2) THEN 10 This line will execute over and over until bit 1 (masked or selected by the 2) becomes a 1. When that happens, we go to line 20. Line 20 will output "INTRUDER ALERT."
20 PRINT "INTRUDER ALERT"
However, we can replace statement 10 with a "WAIT" statement, which has exactly the same effect. 10 WAIT 40963,2 This line delays the execution of the next statement in the program until bit 1 of location A003 becomes 1. The WAIT is much faster than the equivalent IF statement and also takes less bytes of program storage.
The following is another useful way of using relational operators: 125 A=-(B>C)*B-(B<=C)*C This statement will set the variable A to MAX(B,C) = the larger of the two variables B and C.
303
COMMANDS
A BASIC command may be entered when the cursor is displayed. This is called the "Command Level." Commands may be used as program statements. Certain commands, such as LIST, NEW, and LOAD will terminate program execution when they finish. Each command may require one or more arguments in addition to the command statement, as defined in the syntax/function description. An argument without parenthesis is required to be entered without parenthesis. Arguments contained within parenthesis are required to be entered with the shown parenthesis. Arguments within brackets are optional. Optional arguments, if included, must be entered with or without accompanying parenthesis, however shown. STATEMENT CLEAR SYNTAX/FUNCTION CLEAR Clears all program variables, resets "FOR" and "GOSUB" state, and restores data. SYNTAX/FUNCTION CONT Continues program execution after the F1 key or a STOP or INPUT statement terminates execution. You cannot continue after any error, after modifying your program, or before your program has been run. One of the main purposes of CONT is debugging. Suppose at some point after running your program, nothing is printed. This may be because your program is performing some time consuming calculation, but it may be because you have fallen into an "infinite loop." An infinite loop is a series of BASIC statements from which there is no excape. BASIC will keep executing the series of statements over and over; until you intervene or until power to the AIM 65 is turned off. If you suspect your program is in an infinite loop, press F1 until the BREAK message is displayed. The line number of the statement BASIC was executing will be displayed. After BASIC has displayed the cursor, you can use PRINT to type out some of the values of your variables. After examining these EXAMPLE CLEAR
STATEMENT CONT
EXAMPLE CONT
values you may become satisfied that your program is functioning correctly. You should then type in CONT to Continue executing your program where it left off, or type a direct GOTO statement to resume execution of the program at a different line. You could also use assignment statements to set some of your variables to different values. Remember, if you interrupt a program with the F1 key and expect to continue it later, you must not get any errors or type in any new program lines. If you do, you won't be able to continue and will get a "CN" (continue not) error. It is impossible to continue a direct command. CONT always resumes execution at the next statement to be executed in your program when F1 was typed. STATEMENT FRE SYNTAX/FUNCTION FRE (expression) Gives the number of memory bytes currently unused by BASIC. A dummy operand--0 or 1--must be used. SYNTAX/FUNCTION LIST [[start line] [-[end line]]] Lists current program optionally starting at specified line. List can be interrupted with the F1 key. (BASIC will finish listing the current line.) Lists entire program Lists just line 100. Lists lines 100 to 1000. Lists from current line to line 1000. Lists from line 100 to end of program. STATEMENT LOAD SYNTAX/FUNCTION LOAD Loads a BASIC program from the cassette tape. When done, the LOAD will display the cursor. See Appendix G for more information. SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEW Deletes current program and all variables. SYNTAX/FUNCTION PEEK (address) The PEEK function returns the contents of memory address I in decimal. The value returned will be =>0 and <=255. If I is >65535 or <0, an FC error will occur. An attempt to read a non-existent memory address will return an unknown value. SYNTAX/FUNCTION LIST LIST 100 LIST 100-1000 LIST -1000 LIST 100EXAMPLE LOAD EXAMPLE 270 PRINT FRE(0)
STATEMENT LIST
EXAMPLE
STATEMENT NEW STATEMENT PEEK
EXAMPLE NEW EXAMPLE 356 PRINT PEEK(I)
STATEMENT
EXAMPLE
POKE
POKE location, byte The POKE statement stores the byte specified by its second argument (J) into the location given by its first argument (I). The byte to be stored must be =>0 and <=255, or an FC error will occur. The address (I) must be =>0 and <=65535, or an FC error result. Caution: Careless use of the POKE statement may cause your program, BASIC, or the Monitor functions to operate incorrectly, to hang up, and/or cause loss of your program. Note that Pages 0 and 1 in memory are reserved for use by BASIC and should not be used for user program variable storage. A POKE to a non-existent memory location is harmless. One of the main uses of POKE is to pass arguments to machine language subroutines. (See Appendix F.) You could also use PEEK and POKE to write a memory diagnostic or an assembler in BASIC. SYNTAX/FUNCTION RUN line number Starts execution of the program currently in memory at the specified line number. RUN deletes all variables [does a CLEAR) and restores DATA. If you have stopped your program and wish to continue execution at some point in the program, use a direct GOTO statement to start execution of your program at the desired line, or CONT to continue after a break. Start program execution at the lowest numbered statement.
357 POKE I,J
STATEMENT RUN
EXAMPLE RUN 200
RUN EXAMPLE SAVE
STATEMENT SAVE
SYNTAX/FUNCTION SAVE Saves the current program in the AIM 65 memory on cassette tape. The program in memory is left unchanged. More than one program may be stored on cassette using this command. See Appendix G for more information.
304
PROGRAM STATEMENTS
In the following description of statements, an argument of B, C, V or W denotes a numeric variable, X denotes a numeric expression, X$ denotes a string expression and an I or J denotes an expression that is truncated to an integer before the statement is executed. Truncation means that any fractional part of the number is lost, e.g., 3.9 becomes 3, 4.01 becomes 4. An expression is a series of variables, operators, function calls and constants which after the operations and function calls are performed using the precedence rules, evaluates to a numeric or string value. A constant is either a number (3.14) or a string literal ("FOO"). STATEMENT DEF SYNTAX/FUNCTION DEF FNx [(argument list)] = expression The user can define functions like the builtin functions (SQR, SGN, ABS, etc.) through the use of the DEF statement. The name of the function is "FN" followed by any legal variable name, for example: FNX, EXAMPLE 100 DEF FNA(V)=V/B+C
FNJ7, FNKO, FNR2. User defined functions are restricted to one line. A function may be defined to be any expression, but may only have one argument. In the example, B and C are variables that are used in the program. Executing the DEF statement defines the function. User defined functions can be redefined by executing another DEF statement for the same function. "V" is called the dummy variable. Execution of this statement following the above would cause Z to be set to 3/B+C, but the value of V would be unchanged. STATEMENT DIM SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIM variable (size 1, [size 2...]) Allocates space for matrices. All matrix elements are set to zero by the DIM statement. Matrices can have from one to 255 dimensions. Matrices can be dimensioned dynamically during program execution. If a matrix is not explicitly dimensioned with a DIM statement, it is assumed to be a single dimensioned matrix of whose single subscript may range 0 to 10 (eleven elements). If this statement was encountered before a DIM statement for A was found in the program, it would be as if a DIM A(10) had been executed previous to the execution of line 117. All subscripts start at zero (0), which means that DIM X(100) really allocates 101 matrix elements. STATEMENT END SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Terminates program execution without printing a BREAK message. (See STOP.) CONT after an END statement causes execution to resume at the statement after the END Statement. END can be used anywhere in the program, and is optional. SYNTAX/FUNCTION FOR variable = expression to expression [STEP expression] (See NEXT statement) V is set equal to the value of the expression following the equal sign, in this case 1. This value is called the initial value. Then the statements between FOR and NEXT are executed. The final value is the value of the expression following the TO. The step is the value of the expression following STEP. When the NEXT statement is encountered, the step is added to the variable. If no STEP was specified, it is assumed to be one. If the step is positive and the new value of the variable is <= the final value (9.3 in this example), or the step value is negative and the new value of the variable 100 Z=FNA(3)
EXAMPLE 113 DIM A(3),B(10)
114 DIM R3(5,5), D$(2,2,2) 115 DIM Q1(N),Z(2*I)
117 A(8)=4
EXAMPLE 999 END
STATEMENT FOR
EXAMPLE 300 FOR V=1 TO 9.3 STEP .6
310 FOR V=1 TO 9.3
is => the final value, then the first statement following the FOR statement is executed. Otherwise, the statement following the NEXT statement is executed. All FOR loops execute the statements between the FOR and the NEXT at least once, even in cases like FOR V=1 TO 0. Note that expressions (formulas) may be used for the initial, final and step values in a FOR loop. The values of the expressions are computed only once, before the body of the FOR...NEXT loop is executed. When the statement after the NEXT is executed, the loop variable is never equal to the final value, but is equal to whatever value caused the FOR...NEXT loop to terminate. The statements between the FOR and its corresponding NEXT in both examples above (310 and 320) would be executed nine times. Error: do not use nested FOR...NEXT loops with the same index variable. FOR loop nesting is limited only by the available memory. (See Appendix C.) STATEMENT GOSUB SYNTAX/FUNCTION GOSUB line number Branches to the specified statement (910) until a RETURN is encountered; when a branch is then made to the statement after the GOSUB. GOSUB nesting is limited only by the available memory. SYNTAX/FUNCTION GOTO line number Branches to the statement specified. SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF expression GOTO line number ... Equivalent to IF...THEN, except that IF...GOTO must be followed by a line number, while IF...THEN can be followed by either a line number or another statement. SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF expression THEN line number ... Branches to specified statement if the relation is True. Executes all of the statements on the remainder of the THEN if the relation is True. WARNING: The "Z=A" will never be executed because if the relation is true, BASIC will branch to line 50. If the relation is false BASIC will proceed to to the line following line 25. 20 IF X<0 THEN PRINT "X LESS THAN 0" 25 IF X=5 THEN 50:Z=A 315 FOR V=10*N TO 3.4/Q STEP SQR(R)
320 FOR V=9 TO 1 STEP -1
330 FOR W=1 TO 10: FOR W=1 TO 5:NEXT W:NEXT W
EXAMPLE 10 GOSUB 910
STATEMENT GOTO STATEMENT IF...GOTO
EXAMPLE 50 GOTO 100 EXAMPLE 32 IF X<=Y+23.4 GOTO 92
STATEMENT IF...THEN
EXAMPLE IF X<10 THEN 5
In this example, if X is less than 0, the PRINT statement will be executed and then the GOTO statement will branch to line 350. If the X was 0 or positive, BASIC will proceed to execute the lines after line 26. STATEMENT LET SYNTAX/FUNCTION [LET] variable = expression Assigns a value to a variable, "LET" is optional. STATEMENT NEXT SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEXT [variable] [,variable] ... Marks the end of a FOR loop. If no variable is given, matches the most recent FOR loop, A single NEXT may be used to match multiple FOR statements. Equivalent to NEXT V:NEXT W. STATEMENT ON...GOSUB SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON expression GOSUB line [,line] ... Identical to "ON...GOTO," except that a subroutine call (GOSUB) is executed instead of a GOTO. RETURN from the GOSUB branches to the statement after the ON...GOSUB. SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON expression GOTO line [, line] ... Branches to the line indicated by the I'th number after the GOTO. That is: IF IF IF IF I=1, I=2, I=3, I=4, THEN THEN THEN THEN GOTO GOTO GOTO GOTO LINE LINE LINE LINE 10 20 30 40.
26 IF X<0 THEN PRINT "ERROR, X NEGATIVE": GOTO 350
EXAMPLE 300 LET W=X 310 V=5.1 EXAMPLE 340 NEXT V 345 NEXT 350 NEXT V,W
EXAMPLE 110 ON I GOSUB 50,60
STATEMENT ON...GOTO
EXAMPLE 100 ON I GOTO 10,20, 30,40
If I=0, or I attempts to select a nonexistent line (>=5 in this case), the statement after the ON statement is executed. However, if I is >255 or <0, an FC error message will result. As many line numbers as will fit on a line can follow an ON...GOTO. This statement will branch to line 40 if the expression X is less than zero, to line 50 if it equals zero, and to line 60 if it is greater than zero. STATEMENT REM SYNTAX/FUNCTION REM any text Allows the programmer to put comments in his program. REM statements are not executed, but can be branched to. A REM statement is terminated by end of line, but not by a ":". In this case the V=0 will never be executed by BASIC. 105 ON SGN(X)+2 GOTO 40,50,60
EXAMPLE 500 REM NOW SET V=0
505 REM SET V=0: V=0
In this case V=0 will be executed, STATEMENT RESTORE SYNTAX/FUNCTION RESTORE Allows the re-reading of DATA statements, After a RESTORE, the next piece of data read will be the first piece listed in the first DATA statement of the program. The second piece of data read will be the second piece listed in the first DATA statement, and so on as in a normal READ operation. SYNTAX/FUNCTION RETURN Causes a subroutine to return to the statement after the most recently executed GOSUB. SYNTAX/FUNCTION STOP Causes a program to stop execution and to enter command mode. Prints BREAK IN LINE 900. (As per this example.) CONT after a STOP branches to the statement following the STOP. STATEMENT USR SYNTAX/FUNCTION USR (argument) Calls the user's machine language subroutine with the argument. See PEEK and POKE in Subject 303, and Appendix F. SYNTAX/FUNCTION WAIT (address, mask [, select] ) This statement reads the contents of the addressed location, does an Exclusive-OR with the select value, and then ANDs the result with the mask. This sequence is repeated until a non-zero result is obtained, at which time execution continues at the statement that follows WAIT. If the WAIT statement has no select argument, the select value is assumed to be zero. If you are waiting for a bit to become zero, there should be a "one" in the corresponding bit position of the select value. The select value (K) and the mask value (J) can range from 0 to 255. The address (I) can range from 0 to 65535. INPUT/OUTPUT STATEMENTS SYNTAX/FUNCTION DATA item [, item...] Specifies data, read from left to right. Information appears in data statements in the same order as it will be read in the program. Strings may be read from DATA statements. If you want the string to contain leading spaces (blanks), colons (:) or
505 V=0: REM SET V=0 EXAMPLE 510 RESTORE
STATEMENT RETURN
EXAMPLE 50 RETURN
STATEMENT STOP
EXAMPLE 900 STOP
EXAMPLE 200 V=USR(W)
SYMBOL WAIT
EXAMPLE 805 WAIT I,J,K 806 WAIT I,J
305
STATEMENT DATA
EXAMPLE 10 DATA 1,3,-1E3,.04
20 DATA "FOO",Z1
commas (,), you must enclose the string in double quotes. It is illegal so have a double quote within string data or a string literal. (""BASIC"" is illegal.) STATEMENT INPUT SYNTAX/FUNCTION INPUT [!] ["prompt string literal";] variable [, variable] ... Requests data from the keyboard (to be typed in). Each value must be separated from the preceeding value by a comma (,). The last value typed should be followed by a carriage return. A "?" is displayed as a prompt character. Only constants may be typed in as a response to an INPUT statement, such as 4.5E-3 or "CAT." If more data was requested in an INPUT statement than was typed in, a "??" is printed and the rest of the data should be typed in. If more data was typed in than was requested, the warning "EXTRA IGNORED" will be displayed. Strings must be input in the same format as they are specified in DATA statements. Optionally displays a prompt string ("VALUE") before requesting data from the keyboard. If RETURN is typed to an input statement, BASIC returns to comcommand mode. Typing CONT after an INPUT command has been interrupted will cause execution to resume at the INPUT statement. If the optional character ! is included following INPUT, then the prompts from the INPUT statement and the user's entries will be printed (even if the printer is turned off) and displayed. STATEMENT POS SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS (expression) Gives the current position of the cursor on the display. The leftmost character position on the display is position zero. A dummy operand--0 or 1--must be used. SYNTAX/FUNCTION PRINT [!] expression [, expression] Prints the value of expressions on the display/printer. If the list of values to be printed out does not end with a comma (,) or a semicolon (;), then a carriage return/line feed is executed after all the values have been printed. Strings enclosed in quotes (") may also be printed. If a semicolon separates two expressions in the list, their values are printed next to each other. If a comma appears after an expression in the list, and the print head is at print position 11 or more, then a carriage return/line feed is executed. If the print head is before print position 11, then spaces are printed until the carriage is at the beginning of the next 10 column field. If there is a blank string enclosed in quotes, as in line 370 of the examples, EXAMPLE 3 INPUT V,W,W2
5 INPUT "VALUE";V
15 INPUT! "VALUE";V
EXAMPLE 260 PRINT POS(I)
STATEMENT PRINT
EXAMPLE 360 370 380 390 400 PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT X,Y;Z " " X,Y; "VALUE IS";A A2,B,
then a carriage return/line feed is executed. "VALUE IS" will be displayed and printed. String expressions may be printed. STATEMENT READ SYNTAX/FUNCTION READ variable [, variable] Read data into specified variables from a DATA statement. The first piece of data read will be the first piece of data listed in the first DATA statement of the program. The second piece of data read will be the second piece listed in the first DATA statement, and so on. When all of the data have been read from the first DATA statement, the next piece of data to be read will be the first piece listed in the second DATA statement of the program. Attempting to read more data than there is in all the DATA statements in a program will cause an OD (out of data) error. SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC (expression) Prints I space [or blank) characters on the terminal. May be used only in a PRINT statement. I must be =>0 and <=255 or an FC error will result. SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB (expression) Spaces to the specified print position (column) on the printer. May be used only in PRINT statements. Zero is the leftmost column on the termainl, 19 the rightmost. If the carriage is beyond pos position I, then no printing is done. I must be =>0 and <=255. If I is greater than 19, the printer will skip the required number of lines to arrive at the specified position. 306 STRING FUNCTIONS SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASC (string expression) Returns the ASCII numeric value of the first character of the string expression X$. See Appendix E for an ASCII/number conversion table. An FC error will occur if X$ is the null string. SYNTAX/FUNCTION CHR$ (expression) Returns one character, the ASCII equivalent of the argument (I) which must be a number between 0 and 255. See Appendix E. SYNTAX/FUNCTION GET string variable EXAMPLE 300 PRINT ASC(X$) 410 PRINT ! "VALUE IS";A 420 PRINT MID$(A$,2); EXAMPLE 490 READ V,W
STATEMENT SPC
EXAMPLE 250 PRINT SPC(I)
STATEMENT TAB
EXAMPLE 240 PRINT TAB(I)
STATEMENT ASC
STATEMENT CHR$
EXAMPLE 275 PRINT CHR$(I)
STATEMENT GET
EXAMPLE 10 GET A$
Inputs a single character from the keyboard. If data is at the keyboard, it is put in the variable specified in the GET statement. If no data is available, the BASIC program will continue execution. GET can only be used as an indirect command. STATEMENT LEFT$ SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$ (string expression, length) Gives the leftmost I characters of the string expression X$. If I<=0 or >255 an FC error occurs. SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN (string expression) Gives the length of the string expression X$ in characters (bytes). Non-printing characters and blanks are counted as part of the length. SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ [string expression, start [, length]) MID$ called with two arguments returns characters from the string expression X$ starting at character position I. If I>LEN(X$), then MID$ returns a null (zero length) string. If I<=0 or >255, an FC error occurs, MID$ called with three arguments returns a string expression composed of the characters of the string expression X$ starting at the Ith character for J characters. If I>LEN(X$), MID$ returns a null string. If I or J <=0 or >255, an FC error occurs. If J specifies more characters than are left in the string, all characters from the Ith on are returned. STATEMENT RIGHT$ SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$ (string expression, length) Gives the rightmost I characters of the string expression X$. When I<=0 or >255 an FC error will occur. If I>=LEN(X$) then RIGHT$ returns all of X$. SYNTAX/FUNCTION STR$ (expression) Gives a string which is the character representation of the numeric expression X. For instance, STR$(3.1)="3.1." SYNTAX/FUNCTION VAL (string expression) Returns the string expression X$ converted to a number. For instance. VAL("3.1")=3.1. If the first non-space character of the string is not a plus (+) or minus (-) sign; a digit or a decimal point (.) then zero will be returned. EXAMPLE 310 PRINT LEFT$(X$,I)
STATEMENT LEN
EXAMPLE 220 PRINT LEN(X$)
STATEMENT MID$
EXAMPLE 330 PRINT MID$(X$,I)
340 PRINT MID$(X$, I,J)
EXAMPLE 320 PRINT RIGHT$ (X$,I)
STATEMENT STR$
EXAMPLE 290 PRINT STR$(X)
STATEMENT VAL
EXAMPLE 280 PRINT VAL(X$)
307
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABS (expression) Gives the absolute value of the expression X. ABS returns X if X>=0, -X otherwise. SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN (expression) Gives the arcTangent of the expression X. The result is returned in radians and ranges from -PI/2 to PI/2 (PI/2=1.5708). If you want to use this function, you must provide the code in memory. See Appendix H for implementation details. SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS (expression) Gives the cosine of the expression X. interpreted as being in radians. SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXP (expression) Gives the constant "E" (2.71828) raised so the power X (E^X). The maximum argument that can be passed to EXP without overflow occurring is 88.0296. SYNTAX/FUNCTION INT (expression) Returns the largest integer less than or equal to its expression X. For example: INT(.23)=0, INT(7)=7, INT(-.1)=-1, INT(-2)=-2, INT(1.1)=1. The following would round X to 0 decimal places: INT(X*10^D+.5)/10^D X is EXAMPLE 120 PRINT ABS(X)
STATEMENT ABS
STATEMENT ATN
EXAMPLE 210 PRINT ATN(X)
STATEMENT COS
EXAMPLE 200 PRINT COS(X)
STATEMENT EXP
EXAMPLE 150 PRINT EXP(X)
STATEMENT INT
EXAMPLE 140 PRINT INT(X)
STATEMENT LOG
SYNTAX/FUNCTION LOG (expression) Gives the natural (Base E) logarithm of its expression X. To obtain the Base Y logarithm of X use the formula LOG(X)/ LOG(Y). Example: The base 10 (common) log of 7 = LOG(7)/LOG(10). SYNTAX/FUNCTION RND (parameter) Generates a random number between 0 and 1. The parameter X controls the generation of random numbers as follows: X<0 starts a new sequence of random numbers using X. Calling RND with the same X starts the same random number sequence. X=0 gives the last random number generated. Repeated calls to RND(0) will always return the same random number. X>0 generates a new random number between 0 and 1.
EXAMPLE 160 PRINT LOG(X)
STATEMENT RND
EXAMPLE 170 PRINT RND(X)
Note that (B-A)*RND(1)+A will generate a random number between A and B. STATEMENT SGN SYNTAX/FUNCTION SGN (expression) Gives 1. If X>0, 0 if X=0, and -1 if X<0. SYNTAX/FUNCTION SIN (expression) Gives the sine of the expression X. X is interpreted as being in radians. Note: COS(X) =SIN(X+3.14159/2) and that 1 Radian = 180/PI degrees = 57.2958 degrees; so that the sine of X degrees= SIN(X/57.2958). SYNTAX/FUNCTION SQR (expression) Gives the square root of the expression X. An FC error will occur if X is less than zero, SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAN (expression) Gives the tangent of the expression X. interpreted as being in radians. X is EXAMPLE 230 PRINT SGN(X)
STATEMENT SIN
EXAMPLE 190 PRINT SIN(X)
STATEMENT SQR
EXAMPLE 180 PRINT SQR(X)
STATEMENT TAN
EXAMPLE 200 PRINT TAN(X)
DERIVED FUNCTIONS The following functions, while not intrinsic to BASIC, can be calculated using the existing BASIC functions: FUNCTION SECANT COSECANT COTANGENT INVERSE SINE* INVERSE COSINE* INVERSE SECANT* INVERSE COSECANT* INVERSE COTANGENT* HYPERBOLIC SINE HYPERBOLIC COSINE HYPERBOLIC TANGENT HYPERBOLIC SECANT HYPERBOLIC COSECANT HYPERBOLIC COTANGENT FUNCTION EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF BASIC FUNCTIONS SEC(X) = 1/COS(X) CSC(X) = 1/SIN(X) COT(X) = 1/TAN(X) ARCSIN(X) = ATN(X/SQR(-X*X+1)) ARCCOS(X) = -ATN(X/SQR(-X*X+1))+1.5708 ARCSEC(X) = ATN(SQR(X*X-1))+(SGN(X)-1)*1.5708 ARCCSC(X) = ATN(1/SQR(X*X-1))+(SGN(X)-1)*1.5708 ARCCOT(X) = -ATN(X)+1.5708 SINH(X) = (EXP(X)-EXP(-X))/2 COSH(X) = (EXP(X)+EXP(-X))/2 TANH(X) = -EXP(-X)/(EXP(X)+EXP(-X))*2+1 SECH(X) = 2/(EXP(X)+EXP(-X)) CSCH(X) = 2/(EXP(X)-EXP(-X)) COTH(X) = EXP(-X)/(EXP(X)-EXP(-X))*2+1 See Appendix H for details.
*These functions require the user-defined ATN function.
FUNCTION INVERSE HYPERBOLIC SINE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC COSINE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC TANGENT INVERSE HYPERBOLIC SECANT INVERSE HYPERBOLIC COSECANT INVERSE HYPERBOLIC COTANGENT A ERROR MESSAGES
FUNCTION EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF BASIC FUNCTIONS ARGSINH(X) = LOG(X+SQR(X*X+1)) ARGCOSH(X) = LOG(X+SQR(X*X-1)) ARGTANH(X) = LOG((1+X)/(1-X))/2 ARGSECH(X) = LOG((XQR(-X*X+1)+1)/X ARGCSCH(X) = LOG((SGN(X)*SQR(X*X+1)+1)/X) ARGCOTH(X) = LOG((X+1)/(X-1))/2
If an error occurs, BASIC outputs an error message, returns to command level and displays the cursor. Variable values and the program text remain intact, but the program can not be continued and all GOSUB and FOR context is lost. When an error occurs in a direct statement, no line number is printed. Format of error messages: Direct Statement Indirect Statement ?XX ERROR ?XX ERROR IN YYYYY The "YYYYY" will be the line
In both of the above examples, "XX" will be the error code. number where the error occured for the indirect statement.
The following are the possible error codes and their meanings: ERROR CODE BS MEANING Bad Subscript. An attempt was made to reference a matrix element which is outside the dimensions of the matrix. This error can occur if the wrong number of dimensions are used in a matrix reference; for instance, LET A(1,1,1)=Z when A has been dimensioned DIM A(2,2). Continue error, Attempt to continue a program when none exists, an error occured, or after a new line was typed into the program. Double Dimension. After a matrix was dimensioned, another DIM statement for the same matrix was encountered. This error often occurs if a matrix has been given the default dimension 10 because a statement like A(I)=3 is encountered and then later in the program a DIM A(100) is found, Function Call error, The parameter passed to a math or string function was out of range. FC errors can occur due to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A negative matrix subscript (LET A(-1)=0) An unreasonably large matrix subscript (>32767) LOG-negative or zero argument SQR-negative argument A^B with A negative and B not an integer A call to USR before the address of the machine language
CN DD
FC
subroutine has been patched in 7. ID LS NF OD Calls to MID$, LEFT$, RIGHT$, WAIT, PEEK, POKE, TAB, SPC or ON...GOTO with an improper argument.
Illegal Direct. You cannot use an INPUT, DEF or GET statement as a direct command. Long String. Attempt was made by use of the concantenation operator to create a string more than 255 characters long. NEXT without FOR. The variable in a NEXT statement corresponds to no previously executed FOR statement. Out of Data. A READ statement was executed but all of the DATA statements in the program have already been read. The program tried to read too much data or insufficient data was included in the program. Out of Memory. Program too large, too many variables, too many FOR loops, too many GOSUB's, too complicated an expression, or any combination of the above. (see Appendix B) Overflow. The result of a calculation was too large to be represented in BASIC's number format. If an underflow (too small result) occurs, zero is given as the result and execution continues without any error message being printed. RETURN without GOSUB. A RETURN statement was encountered without a previous GOSUB statement being executed, Syntax error. Missing parenthesis in an expression, illegal character in a line, incorrect punctuation, etc. String Temporaries. A string expression was too complex. into two or more shorter expressions. Break it
OM
OV
RG SN ST TM
Type Mismatch. The left side of an assignment statement was a numeric variable and the right side was a string, or vice versa; or, a function which expected a string argument was given a numeric one or vice versa. Undefined Function. Reference was made to a user function which has never been defined. Undefined Statement. An attempt was made to GOTO, GOSUB or THEN to a statement which does not exist. Division by Zero
UF US /0 B SPACE HINTS
In order to make your program smaller and save space, the following hints may be useful. 1. Use multiple statements per line. There is a five-byte of overhead associated with each line in the program. Two of these five bytes contain the line number of the line in binary. This means that no matter how many digits you have in your line number (minimum line number is 0, maximum is 63999), it takes the same number of bytes. Putting as many statements as possible on a line will cut down on the number of bytes used by your program. Delete all unnecessary spaces from your program. 10 PRINT X, Y, Z uses three more bytes than 10 PRINTX,Y,Z Note: All spaces between the line number and the first non-blank character are ignored. For instance:
2.
3.
Delete all REM statements. Each REM statement uses at least one byte plus the number in the comment text. For instance, the statement 130 REM THIS IS A COMMENT uses 24 bytes of memory. In the statement 140 X=X+Y: REM UPDATE SUM, the REM uses 14 bytes of memory including the colon before the REM.
4.
Use variables instead of constants. Suppose you use the constant 3.14159 ten times in your program. If you insert a statement 10 P=3.1.4159 in the program, and use P instead of 3.14159 each time it is needed, you will save 40 bytes. This will also result in a speed improvement.
5. 6.
A program need not end with an END, so an END statement at the end of a program may be deleted. Reuse variables. If you have a variable T which is used so hold a temporary result in one part of the program and you need a temporary variable later in your program, use it again. Or, if you are asking the terminal user to give a YES or NO answer to two different questions at two different times during the execution of the program, use the same temporary variable A$ to store the reply. Use GOSUB's to execute sections of program statements that perform identical actions. Use the zero elements of matrices; for instance, A(0), B(0,X).
7. 8.
STORAGE ALLOCATION INFORMATION Simple (non-matrix) numeric and strong variables like V use 7 bytes; 2 for the variable name, and 5 for the value. Simple non-matrix string variables also use 7 bytes; 2 for the variable name, 1 for the length, 2 for a pointer, and 2 are unused. Matrix variables require 7 bytes to hold the header, plus additional bytes to hold each matrix element. Each element that is an integer variable requires 2 bytes. Elements that are string variables or floating point variables require 3 bytes or 5 bytes, respectively. String variables also use one byte of string space for each character in the string. This is true whether the string variable is a simple string variable like A$, or an element of a string matrix such as Q1$(5,2). When a new function is defined by a DEF statement, 7 bytes are used to store the definition. Reserved words such as FOR, GOTO or NOT, and the names of the intrinsic functions such as COS, INT and STR$ take up only one byte of program storage. All other characters in programs use one byte of program storage each. When a program is being executed, space is dynamically allocated on the stack as follows: 1. 2. 3. C Each active FOR...NEXT loop uses 22 bytes. Each active GOSUB (one that has not returned yet) uses 6 bytes. Each parenthesis encountered in an expression uses 4 bytes and each temporary result calculated in an expression uses 12 bytes.
SPEED HINTS
The hints below should improve the execution time of your BASIC program. Note that some of these hints are the same as those used to decrease the space used by your programs. This means that in many cases you can increase the efficiency of both the speed and size of your programs at the same time. 1. Delete all unnecessary spaces and REM's from the program. This may cause a small decrease in execution time because BASIC would otherwise have to ignore or skip over spaces and REM statements.
2.
THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT SPEED HINT. Use variables instead of constants. It takes more time to convert a constant to its floating point representation than it does to fetch the value of a simple or matrix variable. This is especially important within FOR...NEXT loops or other code that is executed repeatedly.
3.
Variables which are encountered first during the execution of a BASIC program are allocated at the start of the variable table. This means that a statement such as 5 A=0:B=A:C=A, will place A first, B second, and C third in the symbol table (assuming line 5 is the first statement executed in the program). Later in the program, when BASIC finds a reference to the variable A, it will search only one entry in the symbol table to find A, two entries to find B and three entries to find C, etc. Use NEXT statements without the index variable. NEXT is somewhat faster than NEXT I because no check is made to see whether the variable specified in the NEXT is the same as the variable in the most recent FOR statement.
4.
CONVERTING BASIC PROGRAMS NOT WRITTEN FOR AIM 65 BASIC
Though implementations of BASIC on different computers are in many ways similar, there are some incompatibilities which you should watch for if you are planning to convert some BASIC programs that were not written in AIM 65 BASIC. 1. 2. Matrix subscripts. Some BASICs use "[" and "]" to denote matrix subscripts. BASIC uses "(" and ")". AIM 65
Strings. A number of BASICs force you to dimension (declare) the length of strings before you use them. You should remove all dimension statements of this type from the program. In some of these BASICs, a declaration of the form DIM A$(I,J) declares a string matrix of J elements each of which has a length I. Convert DIM statements of this type to equivalent ones in AIM 65 BASIC: DIM A$(J). AIM 65 BASIC uses "+" for string concatenation, not "," or "&". AIM 65 BASIC uses LEFT$, RIGHT$ and MID$ to take substrings of strings. Other BASICs uses A$(I) to access the Ith character of the string A$, and A$(I,J) to take a substring of A$ from character position I to character position J. Convert as follows: OLD A$(I) A$(I,J) AIM 65 MID$(A$,I,1) MID$(A$,I,J-I+1)
This assumes that the reference to a substring of A$ is in an expression or is on the right side of an assignment. If the reference to A$ is on the left hand side of an assignment, and X$ is the string expression used to replace characters in A$, convert as follows: OLD A$(I)=X$ A$(I,J)=X$ 3. AIM 65 A$=LEFT$(A$,I-1)+X$+MID$(A$,I+1) A$=LEFT$(A$,I-1)+X$+MID$(A$,J+1) 500 LET B=C=0.
Multiple assignments. Some BASICs allow statements of the form: This statement would set the variables B & C to zero.
In AIM 65 BASIC this has an entirely different effect. All the "='s" to the right of the first one would be interpreted as logical comparison operators. This would set the variable B to -1 if C equaled 0. If C did not equal 0, B would be set to 0. The easiest way to convert statements like this one is to rewrite them as follows: 500 C=0:B=C 4. Some BASICs use "/" instead of ":" to delimit multiple statements per line. occurrences of "/" to ":" in the program. Change all
5. 6. E
Programs which use the MAT functions available in some BASICs will have to be re-written using FOR...NEXT loops to perform the appropriate operations. A PRINT statement with no arguments will not cause a paper feed on the printer. generate a paper feed (blank line), use PRINT "space" To
ASCII CHARACTER CODES CHAR. ---NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESCAPE FS GS RS US SPACE ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * DECIMAL ------043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 083 084 085 CHAR. ---+ , . / 0 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U DECIMAL ------086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 CHAR. ---V W X Y Z [ / ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ DEL DEL=Rubout on TTY
DECIMAL ------000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 LF=Line Feed F
FF=Form Feed
CR=Carriage Return
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SUBROUTINES
AIM 65 BASIC allows a user to link to assembly language subroutines, via the USR(W) function. This function allows one parameter to be passed between BASIC and a subroutine. The first step is to allocate sufficient memory for the subroutine. AIM 65 BASIC always uses all RAM memory locations, beginning at decimal location 530 (hex location 212), unless limited by the user. You can limit BASIC's memory useage by answering the prompt MEMORY SIZE? (see Subject 100) with some number less than 4096, assuming a 4K system. This will leave sufficient space for the subroutine as the top of RAM. For example, if your response to MEMORY SIZE? is "2048", 1518 bytes at the top of RAM will be free for assembly language subroutines.
Parameter (W), passed to a subroutine by USR(W), will be converted to floating-point accumulator located at $A9. The floating-point accumulator has the following format: ADDRESS $A9 $AA-$AD $AE CONTENT Exponent + $81 ($80 if mantissa = 00) Mantissa, normalized so that Bit 7 of MSB is set. $AA is MSB, $AD is LSB. Sign of mantissa
A parameter passed to an assembly language subroutine from BASIC can be truncated by the subroutine to a 2-byte integer and deposited in $AC (MSB) and $AD (LSB). If the parameter is greater than 32767 or less than -32768, an FC error will result. The address of the subroutine that converts a floating-point number to an integer is located in $B006, $B007. A parameter passed to BASIC from an assembly language subroutine will be converted to floatingpoint. The address of the subroutine that performs this conversion is in $B008, $B009. The integer MSB ($AC) must be in the accumulator; the integer LSB ($AD) must be in the Y register. Prior to executing USR, the starting address of the assembly language subroutine must be stored in locations $04 (LSB) and $05 (MSB). This is generally performed using the POKE command. Note that more than one assembly language subroutine may be called from a BASIC program, by changing the starting address in $04 and $05. Figure F-1 is the listing for a BASIC program that calls an assembly language subroutine located at $A00. Here's what the BASIC program does: * * * * * Line 10 - Stores the starting address of the assembly language subroutine ($A00) into locations $04 and $05, using POKE. Line 20 - Asks for a number "N". Line 30 - Calls the subroutine, with N as the parameter. Line 40 - Upon return from the subroutine, the BASIC program prints X, the parameter passed from the subroutine to the BASIC program. Line 50 - Loops back to get a new N ROCKWELL AIM 65 <5> MEMORY SIZE? 2048 WIDTH? 1518 BYTES FREE AIM 65 BASIC V1.1 OK 10 POKE 04,0: POKE 05 ,10 20 INPUT"NUMBER";N 30 X=USR(N) 40 PRINTX 50 GOTO 20 Figure F-1. BASIC Program That Calls Assembly Language Subroutine
The assembly language subroutine (Figure F-2) performs these operations: * * Prints the floating-point accumulator ($A9-$AE), using Monitor subroutines NUMA ($EA46), BLANK ($E83E) and CRLF ($E9F0), Converts the floating-point accumulator to an integer, using the subroutine at $BF00. The address $BF00 was found in locations $B006, $B007. (Address $BF00 may vary with different versions of BASIC. Be sure to check locations $B006 and $B007 for the correct address.) After conversion, the program again prints the floating point accumulator,
* *
The program then swaps the bytes of the integer. Finally, the program converts the result to floating point and returns to BASIC (JMP C0D3). Address $C0D3 was found in locations $B008, $B009. (Address $C0D3 may vary with different versions of BASIC. Be sure to check locations $B008 and $B009 for the correct address. <1> 0A26 0A00 0A02 0A04 0A06 0A09 0A0C 0A0D 0A0F 0A11 0A14 0A16 0A13 0A18 0A1C 0A1F 0A22 0A23 0A25 0A26 *=A00 LDY #00 LDX #00 LDA A9,X JSR EA46 JSR E83E INX CPX #06 BNE 0A04 JSR E9F0 CPY #00 BEQ 0A1F LDA AD LDY AC JMP C0D3 JSR BF00 INY BNE 0A02 BRK
A0 A2 B5 20 20 E8 E0 D0 20 C0 F0 A5 A4 4C 20 C8 D0 00
Figure F-2 Assembly Language Subroutine Figure F-3 shows the print-out for various values of "N". <6> OK RUN NUMBER? 128 88 80 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 00 80 00 -32768 NUMBER? 1 81 80 00 00 00 00 81 00 00 00 01 00 256 NUMBER? 4097 8D 80 06 00 00 00 8D 00 00 10 01 00 272 NUMBER? 256 89 80 00 00 00 00 89 00 00 01 00 00 1 Figure F-3. G Output for Example
STORING AIM 65 BASIC PROGRAMS ON CASSETTE
AIM 65 BASIC Programs can be stored on cassette tape by using BASIC's SAVE and LOAD commands, or by using the AIM 65 Editor. Before employing either procedure be sure to carefully observe the recorder installation and operation procedures given in Section 9 of the AIM 65 User's Guide. RECORDING ON CASSETTE USING THE BASIC SAVE COMMAND The procedure to store a BASIC program is: 1. Install a cassette in the recorder, and manually position the tape to the program record
position.
Be sure to initialise the counter at the start of the tape.
Note: Since remote control must be used to retrieve a BASIC program, observe the tape gap CAUTION in Section 9.1.5 (Step 1) of the AIM 65 User's Guide. 2. While in BASIC, type in SAVE. OUT= 3. Enter a T (for "Tape"). OUT=T F= 4. Enter the file name (up to five characters). display: OUT=T F=FNAME T= 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Put the recorder into Record mode. Enter the recorder number (1 or 2) and type RETURN. If remote control is being used, observe the procedures outlined in Section 9.1.5 of the AIM 65 User's Guide. When recording has been completed, BASIC will display the cursor. Switch the recorder out of record mode. If the file name is FNAME, BASIC will BASIC will display: BASIC will respond with:
RETRIEVING A PROGRAM FROM CASSETTE USING THE BASIC LOAD COMMAND The procedure to retrieve a BASIC program is: 1. Install the cassette in the recorder., and manually position the tape to about five counts before the beginning of the desired file. Note: 2. Remote control must be used when retrieving a file via BASIC. BASIC will respond with:
While in BASIC, type in LOAD. IN=
3.
Enter a T (for "Tape"). IN=T F=
BASIC will display:
4.
Enter the file name. IN=T F=FNAME T=
If the file name is FNAME, BASIC will display:
5. 6.
Enter the recorder number (1 or 2) and type RETURN. Put the recorder into play mode. Be sure to observe the procedures outlined in Section 9.1.6 of the AIM 65 User's Guide. While the file is being read, each line will be displayed (and printed, if the printer is on). If the printer is on, the tape gap ($A409) will probably have to be increased. The file being loaded will not overlay any BASIC statements already entered unless the statement numbers are the same.
7. 8.
When loading has been completed.
BASIC will display the cursor.
Switch the recorder out of play mode.
CASSETTE OPERATIONS USING THE AIM 65 EDITOR AIM 65 BASIC programs can also be stored and retrieved from cassette using the AIM 65 Editor. However, if the program is to be retrieved by BASIC at some future time, one rule must be
observed: When BASIC stores a program on cassette, it inserts a CTRL/Z after the last line. The AIM 65 Editor will strip off the CTRL/Z when it retrieves the program. Therefore, before storing a BASIC program from the Editor, the user must insert a CTRL/Z following the last line of the program. H ATN IMPLEMENTATION
The ATN function (see Subject 307) can be programmed in RAM using the AIM 65 Mnemonic Entry (I) and Alter Memory Locations (/) commands, as shown below. The program is written for the AIM 65 with 4K bytes of RAM. The ATN function can be relocated elsewhere in memory by changing the starting addresses of the instructions and constants, the conditional branch addresses, the vector to the constants start address and the vector to the ATN function starT address. ATN FUNCTION CONSTANTS ENTERED BY ALTER MEMORY <M> <M> = 0F80 </> = 0F80 </> 0F84 </> 0F88 </> 0F8C </> 0F90 </> 0F94 </> 0F98 </> OF9C </> 0FA0 </> 0FA4 </> 0FA8 </> 0FAC </> 0FR0 </> 0FB4 </> 0FR8 </> 0FBC XX 0B BD F4 83 7C CA CB 64 B7 7D 7E 99 CC AA 81 00 XX 76 D3 A6 FC 0C 7C C1 70 EA 63 7E 3A 91 AA 00 XX 83 79 F5 B0 1F DE 7D 4C 51. 30 92 7E C7 AA 00 XX 83 1E 7B 10 67 53 14 7D 7A 88 44 4C 7F 13 00 Constants Starting Address = 0F80 8
ATN FUNCTION INSTRUCTIONS STORED BY MNEMONIC ENTRY (I) <I> XXXX 0FBD 0FBF 0FC0 0FC2 0FC5 0FC7 0FC8 0FCA 0FCC 0FCE 0FD0 0FD3 0FD5 0FD7 0FDA 0FDB 0FDD 0FDF 0FE1 0FE3 0FE6 0FE7 0FE9 0FEC 0FEC *=0FBD A5 LDA 48 PHA 10 BPL 20 JSR AS LDA 48 PHA C9 CMP 90 BCC A9 LDA A0 LDY 20 JSR A9 LDA A0 LDY 20 JSR 68 PLA C9 CMP 90 BCC A9 LDA A0 LDY 20 JSR 68 PLA 10 BPL 4C JMP 60 RTS Instructions Starting Address = 0F8D
AE 0FC5 CCB8 A9 #81 0FD3 #FB #C6 C84E #80 \ #0F / CD44 #81 0FE6 #4E #CE C58F 0FEC CCB8
Starting Address of Constants = 0F80
BASIC INITIALIZATION FOR ATN FUNCTION BASIC memory must be initialized below the memory allocated to the ATN function. The ATN vector in RAM must also be changed from the address of the FC error message to the starting
address of the ATN function instructions. <5> MEMORY SIZE? 3968 WIDTH? 3438 BYTES FREE AIM 65 BASIC V1.1 POKE 188,189 POKE 189,15 ?ATN (TAN(.5)) .5
This can be done using BASIC initialization, as follows:
Limit BASIC to F80
16
Change ATN function vector low to $BD Change ATN function vector high to $0F Test case to verify proper ATN function program Expected answer = .5
SAVING ATN OBJECT CODE ON CASSETTE The object code for the ATN function can be saved on cassette by dumping addresses $00BB through $00BD (Jump instruction to ATN) and $0F80 through $0FEC (constants and instructions) after the function is initially loaded and verified. The ATN function can then be loaded from cassette by executing the Monitor L command after BASIC has been initialized via the 5 command. After the ATN function has been loaded, reenter BASIC with the 6 command.
###

Apple II Original ROM Info

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Apple II Original ROM Info

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Apple II Original ROM Information

Source http://members.buckeye-express.com/marksm/6502/ 27 June 2004 The 6502 Firmware Page

RTS1 CLRSCR CLRTOP CLRSC2 CLRSC3

GENERATE GBASH=000001FG AND GBASL=HDEDE000

GBASCALC (GBASL),Y RTMSKZ

INSTDSP PRNTOP PRNTBL

F9C0: F9C3: F9C6: F9C9: F9CC: F9CF: F9D2: F9D5:

XBRK XRTI XRTS PCINC2 PCINC3

;UPDATE PC AND PUSH ; ONTO STACH FOR ; JSR SIMULATE

TABV MULPM MUL MUL2

DIVPM DIV DIV2

;COMPL SPECIFIED REG ; IF NEG.

RTS2B STOADV ADVANCE

VTAB VTABZ RTS4 ESC1

BASH=000001CD AND BASL=EABAB000

SCRL3 CLREOL CLEOLZ CLEOL2

WAIT WAIT2 WAIT3

#$01 WAIT3 #$01 WAIT2

;1.0204 USEC ;(13+27/2*A+5/2*A*A)

;DECR Y UNTIL ; TAPE TRANSITION

;SET CARRY ON Y ;SET SCREEN TO FLASH

;GO TO USER KEY-IN ;INCR RND NUMBER ;KEY DOWN? ; LOOP

NOTCR1 CANCEL GETLNZ GETLN BCKSPC NXTCHAR

CROUT PRA1 PRYX2

;ECHO USER LINE ; NON INVERSE

;PRINT '-' ;SET TO FINISH AT ; MOD 8=7

MODSCHK XAM DATAOUT

COUT COUT1 COUTZ

RTS5 SETMODE SETMDZ

;SUB: FORM 2'S COMPLEMENT

VFYOK LIST LIST2

;COPY A2 (2 BYTES) TO ; A4 AND A5

;MOVE (A1 TO A2) TO ; (A4)

;VERIFY (A1 TO A2) WITH ; (A4)

;MOVE A1 (2 BYTES) TO ; PC IF SPEC'D AND ; DISEMBLE 20 INSTRS ;ADJUST PC EACH INSTR

;NEXT OF 20 INSTRS ;IF USER SPEC'D ADR ; COPY FROM A1 TO PC

;SIMULATE PORT #0 OUTPUT ; SPECIFIED (COUT1 ROUTINE)

XBASIC BASCONT GO REGZ TRACE STEPZ USR WRITE WR1

BELL RESTORE RESTR1

;SAVE 6502 REG CONTENTS

NXTBS2 GETNUM NXTCHR

;CLEAR A2 ;GET CHAR

;IF HEX DIG, THEN

;NMI VECTOR ;RESET VECTOR ;IRQ VECTOR

SW16B SW16C SW16D

(R15L),Y TOBR R14H

OPTBL-2,Y R15L TOBR2 R15H BRTBL,X R14H

SET2 OPTBL BRTBL

STAT STAT2 STAT3 INR INR2 LDAT

POP POPD POP2

DCR DCR2 SUB CPR

;RESULT TO R0 ;NOTE Y-REG = 13*2 FOR CPR ;R0-RX TO RY

;LAST RESULT REG*2 ;CARRY TO LSB

;R0+RX TO R0 ;R0 FOR RESULT ;FINISH ADD ;NOTE X-REG IS 12*2!

BR BNC BR1 BR2

;TEST FOR MINUS ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX

R0L,X R0H,X BR1

;TEST FOR ZERO ;(BOTH BYTES) ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX

R0L,X R0H,X BR1

;TEST FOR NON-ZERO ;(BOTH BYTES) ;BRANCH IF SO ;DOUBLE RESULT-REG INDEX

R0L,X R0H,X #$FF BR1

30A 30B 30C 30D 30F 310 312 314 NOTE:

LD ST DCR BNZ RTN CMP BEQ INY

;1.0204 USEC ;(13+27/2A+5/2A*A)