VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary's College Magazine

P U T H A N A N G A D I , MALAPPURAM DT.
, PIN - 679 321
ST. MARYS COLLEGE
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Blessed LUIGI MARIA MONTI
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Provincial Superior of CFIC (India)
Very Rev. Dr. James Chitteth CFIC
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Our Beloved Manager
Fr. Joseph Kuttiyath CFIC
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Our Beloved Principal
Fr. Martin Cherumadathil
CFIC
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cm[nImcn
^m. amn sNdpaTn m^v FUn aplZv jlo pU v FUn aplZv Akvew tIm.HmUnt\j eoem hnPb kn.Fkv. BWn t^mtm{Km^n ]hn{X AmSnpdw kmZnJv Xrme Cekvt{Sj sI.Sn. tPmv sshtemc Pbn ]p\mSn Ih, Un.Sn.]n & te Huv kqw {Intbjkv, s]cna
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thcns t\cn-te-v.
thcp-I Hcn-epw kz]v\f - bmYm y-ns ]-bmb apJ-amWv. ]Xps ]Xps bmYm y-ns thcp-I \apv k-fmbn amdp-Ibm-Wv. `qan-bn C\n thcp-Iv m\-an-s-n Hmtcm Poh-an-Snpw Poh-hfmbn Xocpw, Xo . BSn-bp-e _-sf thcn-p-dn-m ASn-thcp-d ]Spac-fpsS Xpcp-n hmZ-KXnIs-Xnsc sNdp-sN-Sn-I ]S-sh-p-Ibm-Wv..... h-\bpsS XojvWamb ]pn-cn-tbbpw, aX-{`mv _m[n- Xnan-ct-bpw, tNmc-smXn ]q a\-p-Itfbpw Iodn-ap-dnp sImv acs an \n m-\mbv thcp-I Bgvn-dp-Ibm-Wv. Hcp hnn \nv ]e-Xmbv ]ncn-v.... kXy-n-tbpw [ nsbpw ]S-bmbv .... -A[ -n-s\-Xnsc Nmp-fn-bmbv.... ]pXp-abpsS Ipsm-gp-n X\n-abpsS hn{K-l DSbvsSptm thcp-I au\w `RvPn-p-IbmWv. AXn\pthn \apv s]cp-d sImmw. amK-kn kanXn
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\sp s]mnb `qan \S-m-\m-hmsX Id-pp app-n-n-bn hogpp apX-e--p-\opn-I Dp t\mn Rm \ns apv ]n ]mIn-b hnp s]mn-tbm. ap-n-bpsS shbn\cw ]qpthm ]n ]mSntbm Iqn hgn-sX-n-tm-b-h hpthm hon hgp-Xn-ho-W-h ]pg-bn s]mntbm ap-s t]cp amhn X hpthm êw ]d-bp-hm In-am--Ip Is-dn--hs ssIbnse apdn-hn\p ]ne Inn-tbm. a--p ac-W-n apJw amSn-hn-fn--Xmbn kz]v\w Ip-thm. Xnc-sIm-p-t]mtbm cp \ma-sf IS-se-Sp-pthm Ic-X In\m-hns\ ag-ta-L-ns km-\-ambv abn-ens ]oen \n\-np Inntbm Hmm-p-dv \n\-np Innb Hcp--sImp \o ]qa-c-am-Ip-tam. ImWpI \o \ns NnX-ens PmXIw Ncn-{X-ns Xmfn Ipthm Xe-tm-dn-m Hcp-hs s]mbvap-Jw. F.A
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km{am-PyXz in-I sIme-ncn Nncn--tm H-an-I-c-bm t]mepw Ah-Im-iw\n-tj-[ns-hm-bv. . `qK` PeNqj-W-n-s\-Xnsc mn-a-S-bn s]mnb abn-e F [oc-h-\n-X-bpsS Ic-p-ap-n.. . ]pXp-a-bpsS sImSpmn ]ngp-sX-dn-b-s IjIpw Irjn-bn-S-pw apn. . s\pw Nmpw Ac-p-hm-gp tIc-f-n am-Snpw Aq- XmSn-Ipw lrZ-b-n CSw \Inb-hmbv. . Hcnpshw DS-b-hp\Im Ign-bmsX apdn-s-dn-b-s ac-p-n-Icn-In appIpn amt]nm t]mIp a\pjycminp apn. . . . Fm-n\pw D]-cn-bmbn,
C\nbpw ]ngp-sX-dn-b-s-Sm thcp-Ip apn kaWw.
kaWw
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m Ap {i amb hmp-I m g pw A pAhy - p- t w D s I m cp t]Sn hfcp-p] q a\n H w `b-tm-sS,hns Hcp Xc m-bn-cp-p. {inp tIp v Ipw angn w 58 pJ Ap-hns a
p--h-cpsS Ah-X-cn-n- ne - h m- c s k mw k v I m- c nI \ ]cn-]mSn AhB{ibn-n-cnpw n\ p] n ns e X - c n- n- p- X ]- - p Iem-cqin .\n-ehm-ca amcpw Fpw fpw Iem-Im-c -am-bn-cn-pw, Ncn-{X-n `mK ]mIpw. 40 - Am-h Xnt
hop- I m- s c- m- h - c p- a mbn ]nWnb cmP Xs NnIsmw \npH-cm-sftmepw In F-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-n-. ]s......
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Ir{Xn-a -a hoWp mb Xnc-p-I t Hm-I ]mIp Ah -fn hpw, ] -fn ]pgbpw cpsS mShpw, a - Ipfhpw, A - q - mSnpcpsams DmI X m S n - b p - ptam?
m -am-bX- Ir{Xn-a g n - n - s g-bpsS Hcp ]p v I m W m I n - X - b p s S h Hscm-gp b-em-dns I XpS-cp-h - f- a m b n nepw pw \nK np ImWm Hgpv C q XmS 47 Xmbn A p. Ign
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Imens Ipsmgn- - n DWm apdnhp-Ifpt au\sfb - - pw k - m ? z]v\sfb - - pw sImv sI mmcw ]W nXh Cpw Im n-cn-p-p.
BZyw \ Csn-c psS {]Wbs - - p A\n-b {ipXn, n ] FXns n s A X v -sX-s?
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_-fpw _-\-fpanm Cu bm{X-bn temIns hnIm-c-fpw hnjm-Z-fpw hnt\m-Z-fpw I-dn Rm Cu sNdp-Im-n-s\mw Fn-bn-cn-p-Xv Ime-ns aqI-km-n-bmb Cu ama-c-n\p apn-em-Wv. C\n hn{i-aw.
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{iocRvPn\n ^v _n.F lndn
Zmcn-{Zy-ns Ip-\o
Hscm-gn-hp-Zn\w Rm shdp-sX \S-m-\n-d-sh hgn-tbm-cmbv Ip ]g-pWnsp t]m Hcp hr Iq\n-q-Sn-bn-cn-pp Ah X Acn-In-se-n-b-tm Adn-bm-sX ]mZ- \nep t]mbv F ]mZ-i_vZw tImImw Ah sas Xe-s]mn. angn-Ifm Fs sas XtemSn \no-h--fmWm I-pI k-S-m-se--t]m hnd-sIm-p A[c-. hnd-bm ipjvIamw Ic- F t\sc sas \on hnd-bm Npn-\m h-Xpw Xcn-sIp sas a{np Zmcn-{Zy-ns ssIp-\o Bthmfw IpSn-sm-cm-hr--am-Xm-hns\ t\mn \ns Rm\-dn-bm-sX lrZ-b-n Hcp tX-embn Btcm a{np Hcp t\cs A-n-\mbv tIgp F{X Zcn-{Z-cmWo `qan-bn Chco an i]n--s P-tfm? \tfm Db-c--fn Fn nSnbvp-hm sh sImp-p.
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apl-Zv kem-lp-o. Fw. ss^\ _n.-F. Cwojv
eyw t\Sp hnZym-`ymkw
Adn-hns ey-fpw \qX-\amb am -fpw {ZpX-KXn-bn hnImkw {]m]nv sImn-cnp- t m aqeym- [ n- j v T nX hnZym-`ym-k-ns hnh-c-WmXo-Xam-Wv. aqeyhpw kwkvImchpw \ne- \ n pI FXmWv hnZym- ` ym- k - ns kp{]-[m-\amb eyw. -
hnhc kmt-Xn-I-X-bpsS hnkvt^m-S\w krn Ae-sbm-en-I A[p-\nI Imev A\nh-N\o-bamb am-p hgn sXfn-bn-ncn-p-p. kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI kmnI taJ-eIfn A\- \y-amb am-n-tev {]bmWw \S-p-tXm-sSmw sshm-\nI taJ-ebn hn-hIcamb am-v XpSw Ipdn-n-cn-p-p. ImX- - -p-dv \nv Cs\-n-eqsS hnZy A`y-kn-p injy\pw ]I v sImSp-p Kpcphpw h-am\ Ime-L--n\v kp]-cnNn-Xcmbn Ign-p. A\mZn Ime-v ap]v h\m-`m-Kv Kpl-I-fn Pohn-n-cp \-{X--sfbpw N{-s\bpw Bcm-[n-ncp a\p-jy Cv BImi `qan-Ifnse Hmtcmkv]-\hpw ASp-dn-bm {ianv sImn-cn-p-p. bmYmy-n-eq-nb AdnthcpI-
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hns amw kzoI-cn-p-tm A{]m- ] y- a mb ]e t\- - fpw ssIh-cn-m-sav Ncn{Xw \s ]Tn-n-p-p. Adn-hns ey-fpw \qX-\amb am-fpw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn hnImkw {]m]nv sImn-cn-ptm aqeym-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymk-ns hnh-cWm-Xo-Xam-WnXv. -
Xm-h\ {]k-am-Wv. \qX-\amb ]mTy-]Xn-tbm-sSmw Imen-Iamb - Adn-hp-I ]I-cm\pw kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Ah-t_m[w h-fn-sb-Spm\pw Ign-bp-sa-n am{Xta C-y-bpsS `mhn kpc-n-X-am-Ip-I-bpq. k\m-X-\hpw kmh-{Xn-I-hp-amb aqey-sf hnZym-`ymkw ]cn-t]m-jnn-p-p. A-hn-izm-kfn \npw A\m-Nm-cfn \npw AXv - - tamN\w \Ip-p. PnhnXw at-Xn-t\-mfpw hne-s-Xm-Wv. Ah-mb PohnXw Xna-Ifn apgp-tm ]cm-Pbfpw Zpo-efpw - cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw AXv kaq-lns \ne-\n]n\v ISn-m-Wn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. aX Zi-\--fmWv Hcm-fpsS hyn-Xzs ]cn-h\ hnt[-bam-p-sXv kzman hnth-Im-s hmp-I {it-bam-Wv. -
]ptcm-KXn-bn-tev IpXnv sImn-cn-p-tmgpw B[p-\nI a\pjy kmwkvIm-cn-Iambn A[x-]Xnv sImn-cn-p-p. ha\ Ime kw`-h AXv kmy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]mmXy kwkvImcw A-ambn A\p-Icn-m-\p hy{K-Xbn \mw \psS ss]Xr-Is adp t]mIp-p.
kaq-lns ]ptcm-Ka\ {]h-\v inbpw Duhpw \Ip-Xv bph-Xz-ns I-ti-jn-bm-Wv. Ncn-{X-nse al-mb
aqeyhpw kwkv I m- c hpw \ne\npI F-XmWv hnZym-`ymk- ns kp{]- [ m- \ - a mb eyw. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkv Im-cn-Ihp-amb D-a\n-\p - inWw hnZymn- b psS kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-Ws kzm[o\n-p-p.
aqeyhpw kwkv I m- c hpw \ne\npI F-XmWv hnZym-`ym-kns kp{]-[m-\-amb eyw. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpamb D-a-\-n-\p inWw hnZymn-bpsS kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-cWs kzm[o-\n-p-p. a\p-jya- \ v Hcp ]qtmw t]msebmWv. \ ]qtm-s kpZrV-am-m \ hnp-I Bhiy-amWv. {]Ir-Xn-bn \np ]mThpw AXm- W v . \msf- b psS Cy. Cy cq]-s-p-sIm-n-cnp-Xv Cs hnZym-e-b-fn-eq-sS-bm-sWv tUm. tImm cn Io-j dntmnse {]kv
]e hn-h-fpw bph-Xz-ns {]Xo-I--fm-bn-cp-p. bphXeapd \-bpsS ]mXbn-eqsS Nen-p-tm am{Xsa AXv Ne-\m-Iam- Ip-Ibp-q. cmPy-ns {]Xn-kn-Lfn PmXn-aX`m-jtZi - - - - - - sshNm-Xy--p-dv \nv sFIy-tmsS Xf-cm ]n_ew \Inb cmPy-kvt\-ln-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw \apv hnNn--\-n\v hgnsbm-cp-p-p. \msf-bpsS {]Xo--Isf Imp Xnp A_p-Zambn hfp sImn-cn-p ho-b-X-bn \npw bph Xe-apdsb tamNn-n-pI FXv AJ `mc-Xnse Hmtcm ]uc-sbpw _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Bdp ]Xn-m-p-Iv ap]v \apv kzX{yw e`n-p-tm BtLm-j--fn \npw Hgn-p-amdn. C\nbpw Ip-\o hmn-nm {Kmam-cfn-eqsS kam-izm-kns ]Xm-Ibp-ambn k- - cn \psS cm{-]n-Xm-hns {]hr-n-I \s Hmn-n-p-sX-mWv? Adn-hns Bg-fn-eqsS k-cnv t\Snsb-Sp aqey, tZiob \mb-Iam-cpsS \thm-m\ {]h-IcpsS kz]v\km-êy-n-\mbn D]-tbm-Knmw. thcpI-
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hn]n taemq
sk v _n.-F. Cwojv
t]meokv Iymn ]mN-Im-c\mbn tPmen e`n-nv cp-am-kta Bbn- p- p- s h- nepw B\w \nd k`- Pohn- X n \t Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sImv Nncn-p apJ-tmSp IqSnb cmPs\ B \mn A[n-I-amcpw In-n-. ]s At-l-ns km-am-\y-n-e-[nIw hen--ap sNhn-bpw, Ij-nbpw CS-hnv \ne-sIm-p ]p-Ifpw ]e-cptSbpw Bbp-p hn-n-n-cp-p.
hop-Im-sc-m-hcp-ambn ]nW-nb cmP Xs Nn- I smw \npH-cm-sf-tmepw In F-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-n-. ]s......
cmP temI-ns Ah--bn hfsc Akz--\mWv ImcWw Abmv Cu temIs Ipdnpw ChnsS Ifn-bm-Sp tIme--sfp-dnpw hy-amb ImgvN]m-Sp-v. AXv sImv Xs, ]e-Xn-sbpw \a-Xn-a-Isf pdnv cmP hmtXm-cmsX kwkm-cn-pw. Cy tNcn-I-fpsS timN-\o-b-X-sb-p-dnv ]d-bp-tm-gpw, B{^n- P\X-bpsS IjvS-Xsbp-dn-pw, Ata-cn--bpsS A[n-Im-c-s-p-dnp ]d-bp-tmgpw cmP hnIm-c-`-cn-X-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-p. ]s CXn-s\mn-\p-th-nbpw sNhn-tbmm B\m-n Hcm t]mepw \npsIm-Sp-n-. Nmb-SIfpw _m_-tjmpw Abmv shdn cmP - F sN-tcv km-\n-p. cmP kwkmcw XpS-p-tm-tgpw Nncnsbm-Xp-m ]ecpw ]Wn-s-p. Abmv Hp a\-n-em-bn. temIns Hcp apJw CXm-Wv. ]smw ]e-scbpw hgn-bn XSp shv Imcy- N sNbvX cmP Bscbpw \n_-n-m-sX-bm-bn. ImcWw Hcp \mSpapgp-h Xs t\mp-Xv Htc In-emWv. ]s cmP\v Xs a\-n\v A[nIw `mcw \Im Ign-n. Abm a\-n tXmn-bsXmw Npa-cn-t\m-Spw, Im-tbmSpw Imen-sXm-gp-nse sImn-tbmSpw ]dp. I-h-sc-mw Nncn-p. ka-{]m-b-m {`m-s\pw ]pXnb Xe-apd _pn-Po-hn-sbpw ]g-a-m Zi\w Inn-b-Xm-hp-sapw ]pen. ]s cmP Pohn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp ]c-klm-ban-msX Pohn-m ]Tn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hop-Im-sc-m-h-cp-ambn ]nW-nb cmP Xs Nn-Ismw \npH-cm-sf-tmepw In F-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-n-. ]s CsXmpw Abmsf ZpxJn-n-n. ]Icw Biz-kn-np. ImcWw tNmc-s]m-Sn-bm apdn-hp-Ifpw FIm--Xbpw Abm Cs-Sm XpS-n-bn-cp-p. Ime Ib-dp-ambn hcm Ime-am-bn-n-snepw ac-W-n-s\mw t]mIm cmP\v Xm]-cy-am-Wv, ]s Imes\ t]mbn ImWm cmP C-s-n. ImcWw AIm-ense Zpa-cWw. Wn-m kZybvp t]mIp-Xp t]msebmsWv Abm-fpsS Nn-bnse GtXm t]Pp-I-fn-ep-m-bn-cp-p. hoSns hrnbpw Npp-]mSpw Hpw Xs {in-m cmP\v Iqmbv ]n-bpw, ]gp-Xm-c-bpw, ]mp-ap-m-bn-. Ah cmP-s\tbm cmP Ahsbtbm Hcp X-c-nepw D]-{Z-hn-n-. ]Icw kvt\lnp ]cn-]m-en-p. Fm Pp--sfbpw cmP\v C-am-sW-nepw \mK-sf IqSp-X kvt\ln-p. Xs Imcy-fpw temI Imcy-fpw Hcp t]mse AhtbmSv ]p shp. ]mepw ]ghpw amwkhpw \In. Ah aspw t]mIm-sX-bm-bn. AhnsS cmP Hcp IpSpw_ \mY-\m-hp-Ibm-bn-cpp. Hcp Zn\-n cmP \mep Znh-ks bm{Xbvp t]mIm-s\m-cpn. Fm Poh-Pme-tfmSpw bm{X ]d--Xn-s\mw \mKs AXns sIm-bn-ep-aSp. ]e temI Imcy-n-\p-an-Sbn Ah-bvp - `Ww \Im cmP ]msS ad-n-cp-p. ]e alm \K-c--fpw, ]pWy \Zn-I-fpw, tKm]p-c-fpw Iv cmP Xnc-s-n-bXv HcmgvN Ign-m-Wv. ]nI-tfmSpw Infn-I-tfmSpw Xs hc-h-dn-bnv ]mns\ Xgp-Im \onb ssII-fn-tev Ah Bp Zwin-p. A{Xbpw Imew ]cn-]m-en-Xns kvt\lw Imn-bn-. ]Icw ]n-Wn-n-Xns tIm]w Ah Xop. cmP sshZys\ ImWn-m t]mbn ]Icw \ndIp-ItfmsS AI-f-ns Hcp tImWn Ccp-p. Atm-tgpw Xs Abm-fpsS hmbn \npw \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hgp-Im XpS-n-bn-cpp. Fnpw Abm B \mKs t\mn ]pen \o Cg-P-p-h \o a\p-jy\m-Wv. Rm Dun-bXv \mK-s-b a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-s\..
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t\mhmbv- Fcn--a-cp Xmfw

GIm--X-bpsS \ng ]mSp-I-fn CSdnc-sm-gp-Inb NpSp-\n-W-n-eqsS Cgp \op Ccp-f-S taml- X Ip-\n]m-Sp-I Adn-bmsX hopw Fn-S-c-th... Ddp Xpp `K-h-Xn tma-c-n Im Nnep t]m \ndp Xppn sX Hm-I \mZw apdn-smcm s]mWn hoWbpw thZw apg-p Kwòc tKm{Xhpw thdn Xmf-n-tem-Xn-b-sXm-sbpw Hm-X Id shn-sm-fnp Rm Hcp a{[z\n-bmbn aqfn-sb-Sp--th... {ipXn-bnm ........ eb-anm ................ kzcw t]mep-a\y-ambv ..................... hnd-]q hmp-I hnS sNmn AI-eth.... hn[n-bmbn Xncn-bpp Ime-N-{I-n ]Xn-sm-cm Icn\n-g ]mSp-I Cdp-In-b-S-sm-c Iap-n sXfn-bpp ]e ]e Xmf-nep-sm-sc \ng-ep-I ]mXn-bSsmcm I ]pS-fn - Ae-bSn-s-pp timIm{Z cmK- Ae-dn--c-sm-sc ssII-fn apdp-Ipp..... Xncn-bp-p...... N-e-q-p-I Ccp hngp-n-sbm-co-d \nem-hmbn Ccp-fn-emp hmgv]q ]mcneo Phpw
sdkv\n.-F III.B.A History
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amK-kn kan-Xn.
I]mn Imes AXn-Po-hn P\X

Imehpw, tImehpw tImew Xpp Cu \mn Imens\ ]mc-cyw sImpw, BNm-c- sImpw AXnPo-hnv ssZh-ns kzw \mn X\-Xmb Hcp PohnX ssien cq]- s - S p- nsbSpnb Im]m-n-mn-Sbn-eqsS amK-kn kanXn \Snb Hcp bm{X.
al- m- b Xpw AXn- k - - - h pamb ]mc- - c y- n- \ p- S - a - I - f mb Im]mn P\X tIc-f-n Cp \in- p- s Im- n- c n- p hyn _-p adp-]-SnI-fp-ambn X-fpsS Pohn-Xs Nn-s-Sp-n-b-h-cm-Wv. Xan-gv\mS BNm- c - - f p- a mbn C{Xtmfw _- s - p- I n- S - p Hcp {]tZiw Cv tIc-fn-en-. 13mw \qm-n Xan-gv\m-n-ep-m- - - bn-cp hnP-b\Kckm-{amPyw A[x]Xn-p-Ibpw tNc, tNmf, ]mWvVy cmPm-amv in bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv k`n PohnX kpc-v C\n X-Xmb Hcp {]tZiw A-t\z-jnt aXn- b mIq F Ah- c psS NnbpsSbpw {]h-\--fpsSbpw ê-ambn tIc-fs AXn\p e-ambn Isn AhntSv ]mem-b\w Bcw-`n-p. 13mw \qmns Ah- k m- \ nepw 14-mw \qmns Bcw`-nepw Xan-gv\m-n \npw {]tXy-Inv Xm-hq, {Snn, a[pc XpS-nb {]tZ-ifn \npw h {_m-Wcm-bn-cpp `qcn-`m-Khpw - AXn-ep-m-bn-cp-Xv. thZ, kwkvIrX ,kwKoX ]WvVn-Xamsc sImv k-am-bn-cp B P\-Xv Iq-ambn X-fpsS PohnX coXn XpSv t]mIm ]nb Hcp e-s-p-dn-p At\z-jW-n-\n-Sv ]me-mv cmPm-hn\v Hcp {]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cntXmbn hp. A\y PmXn-bns] Hcp kv{Xosb hnhmlw Ign-Xns ê-ambn Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp X{n-I A\pjvTm\ Iv XSw \np-Ibpw AhnsS \nv ]mem-b\w sNpIbpw sNbvXp. B knKvZ L-n Ahn-tSv h Xan-gv\m-S {_m-Wv Fm kuI-cy-fpw ]me-mv cmPmhv sNbvXp sImSpp-Ibpw Ah-chnsS Xma-kap-dn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ X - ioen Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn \npw, BNm-c-\p-jvTm-\--fn \npw Hpw hyXn-N-en-msX Hcp P\-X-bmbn tIc-f-a-n Ah Pohn-Xam-cw-`np. 1424- cmPmhv A-en-\p ew \Ip-Ibpw AXh-cpsS tI{-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A{K-lm-c--fm-bn-mWv hmke- Ah Dm-n-sb-Sp-Xv. \Sp-hn Hc--ehpw A-e-ns Npp-ambn Hcp ame t]mse ASpp InS-p Hcp-t]m-se-bp hoSp-Ifpw \apv ChnsS ImWmw. B {_m-Wn-S-bn-ep lrZ-b-_---fpsS Ghpw henb AS-bm-ffmWv Ah-cpsS hoSp-I. ]cvkv]cap kpc-- pw, klm-b-pw DX-Ip Xc-n-emWv hoSp-I Ah cq]I\ sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv. hf-sc-b-[nIw Nnn-n-m-W-h Xma-k-am-cw-`n--Xv. Nn{X-Im-cam,
thcpI-
18
I]-Wn-m, XpSn Hmtcm hn`m- K - m {]tXy- I - a mbpw AhnsS Xma-kn-p-p. {_w Adn-bp--h-cmb {_m-Wv thZ ]T-\-n-\p Fm Ahk-cfpw Chn-sS-bp-v. {Km--c--fn Fgp-Xnb thZ- {]np sNp-Ibpw , hnp-Ibpw sNp {]p- I - f pw Chn- s Sbpv. ]e k-I-em-im-e-Ifpw kwkvIr-X-]-T-\-n-\p an ]pkvX-I-pw thn Ahew-`n-p-Xpw Cu ]pkvX-I-ime-Isf Xs-bm-Wv. {_m-W-Ncy--\p-k-cnv Pohn-m-\m-h-iyamb ]pg, A-ew. XpSn Fm A\p-{K-l-sImpw k-amb I]mn {_m-WamcpsS kzwFp Xs \apv ]d-bmw. thZ kwKoX ]T-\ I]mn-m Ahcp-sS {]mW-hm-bptmse Icp-Xn-tm-cpp. Cv Fm IpSpw-_hpw Ch-cpw-Xfp-sS- ]nap-d-msc A`y-kn-nm {ian-p-p. AXp-sImv Xs-bm-Wv tI-cfn Ghpw - IqSp-X kwKo-X-ta-J-e-hp-ambn {]hn- p Bfp- I DsIm-p--Xv ]m-e-m-Smbn amdn-bXpw, 5 ]-`q-j Ic-am- nb hyn- I v Paw \Im I-]m-nv I-gn-Xpw. Fm hjhpw Xpemw 28, 29, 30 XnXn- I - f n I]mn hniz\mY t{Xn \S-p I-]mn ctYmkhw temI{]-ikvXam-Wv. aqp Znh-ks {Kma-]ZnWw Ign-mWv cYw - kzm-\v Fn-t-cp--Xv. Dk-h-Im-es 10 Znh-k-fn {]apJ kwKo- X - sc ]sSp-n-p-sImp kwKoX It-cn-I-fpw ChnsS \S--s-Spp. ctYmkh ka-bv Xangv\m-n \npw hcp hym]m-cnI tIc-f-hp-am-bp hym]m-c_w Dun-bp-d-n-p--Xp-aqew
Cu Dkhw tIcf km-nItaJ-e-bnepw ]ptcm-Km--I-amb kzm[o\w sNep-n-t]m-cp-p. Imin-bp-ambn I-]m-np hfsc ASp _-am-Wp-Xv. Iminbn ]mXn I]m-n-bn ]mXn F hmbvsamgn {]i-kvXam-Wv. Chn-sS-bp inh-_nw_w Imin-bn \npw sImp-h--Xm-Wv. I]mn t{X-n sXmgp-Xm Imin-bn t]mIp--Xns ]IpXn êhpw Inp-sa-mWv Chn-Sp-p-Im-cpsS hnizm-kw. Ime-ns am--\p-kcnv hcp-am-\am-fnepw Nne am- hcp-m Cu kaqlw \n_-n-I-cm-bn. 10% `qan DS-a-I am{Xsa Chn-sS-bp-q. sshZn-In hcp-am\w Ipd-Xv sImv kvIq hnZym-`ymkw Ic--am-m Ah \n_-n-X-cm-bn. ]pkvX-I-fn \npw t\Snb Adnhpw Ah-cpsS Ignhpw D-]tbm-Knv ]pXnb hcp-am\ am- tXSn ap tZi-fn t]mIp-Ibpw X^-eambn BtKmf ]ucam-cmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _pn-in , hniz-kvXX, ITn-\m-zm\ ioew XpS-nb KpW- Fm taJ-eIfn \npw - Db Xe-n tPmen sNm Ahv klm-b-I-am-bn. Hcp Imev I]mn t]mtm-ô-km-bn-cpp tIc-fn Ghqw IqSpX aWn-tbmU hn-cp e-sa-Xv Ch-cpsS Azm-\-ioes Ipdnv \s t_m[y-s-Sp-p-p.
Nn-bmb Pohn-X-N-cy-bmWv X-fpsS PohnX hnP-b-n\v ASn-m\-sav Hmtcm I]m-n-m-c\pw PnhnXw sImv kmyw hlnp-p. hfsc t\scs FWo-p-Ip-fn-p ioew Chn-Sp-p-Impv. XpSv hnfp ImWn-p-Ibpw tIme- CSp-Ibpw sNpp. Fm hoSp-I-fnepw ]-b\ ]qP-I-fp-ap-v. cmhn-se-bpw sshIpt-c--fnepw A-e--fn sXmgm t]mIp-Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. ]I ka-b--fn hnhn[ tPmen-I sImpw kwKo-X, thZ ]T-\sImpw X-fpsS Pohn-Xs Ah [\y-am-p-p. I]m- n- b n- e q- s S- b p R- f psS At\zjWpw, kwibpw lrZy-amb kzoI-cWw \Ip-Ibpw , DNn-Xamb adp]- S n- I \Ip- I bpw sNbv X sI.- F . ev a n \mcm- b - W (Retd.I.R.P.S) kmdnt\mSp \nbpw, IS-mSpw amK-kn kanXn ChnsS tcJ-s-Sp-n-sIm--s. I]m-n-bpsS lrZbw sXm-dn-bm Ignp F Nmcn-XmytmsS R Xncnp \S-p.
thcpI- 19
^mna \kvdn. sI Ist.B.A English
Nnv PmeIw Xn-Xp-dv Rm s\n-t\mn `qan-X amdn-tev t\mspw Zqct ssZh-n hnIr-Xn-I Hn-sb-Sp-s angn-bnse Imw ap-n-\-cn-Inse sXn Hme-bn cv Im-I Xqh an\p-pp ]o-cSn-q-Ps-nb ]qmv ]pm-\n--Sns\ Xtem-Sn-bp-d-pp hc an aesN-Sn-I Hcp Xpn \ocmbv ]nfn-Spp `qan-X lrZ-b-th-Z\ Xom Hcp sImp-am{In Icp hnfn-pp taL- agsb K`w [cn-tm av Imepw henv sImtm-Spp hc-p-W-nb \mhp-ambv ]qm ]qhns\ tXSn-bebpp - im] {KkvXbm- thgm ss]nfn hj-Im-e-n-\mbv X]-n-cn-pp Nnp-Pm-eIw hen--Sp Rm Hgp-In-bn-d-n-sb temI-n-tev au\-ambv ZpxJ kmK-c-ap-n-sem-Xp-p-ao -P thZ\ Xocp \mfn-\mbv
th\
thcpI-
20
A\q]v . F. sk v Fw. tImw.
sNIw
AW-sI-n\p apI-fn-eqsS cmlpens ssIbpw ]nSnv tZhn-tbmsSmw km-cn-IfpsS Xnc-n-\nS-bn-eqsS \S-p-tm a\p-hn\v ImgvNIfn-sempw Hcp ckhpw - tXmn- b n. Xs a\- nse ZpxJw t]mse Cu shhpw sIn \n- b n- c n- p- p. tamsbpw tZhn-bp-sSbpw ktm-jn X\nv ]p tNcm Ignbp-n-tm F ZpxJw am{Xw. cmlp- e ns \n_- - a m- b mWv Cu bm{Xbvv Hcp-n-bXv. Hmôknse Xnc-n\pw a\-nse ZpxJpw Hcp Xmm- h p- s av Icp-Xn. ]s shdp-sX-bm-bn.
bn \np-Wn. tZhnbpw Ahs\ ]nXm-n. a\p-thm \ap-Xn Ibdn t\mmw. Xs aqIX Iv Ah tNmZn-p. a\p-th-s\m kpJ-an-s, Cs-n th Ah-fpsS apJw hmSn-bn-cp-p. Gbv F\n-sm-p-an Fp ]dv apJ-smcp Ir{Xna ]pncnbpw hcp-n. Ah-tfbpw tNv ]nSnv t_mn-\-Sp-tv \S-p. Hcmv 25 cq]-bmWv t_mn Ib-dm. ss]k sImSpv t_mn Ib-dn. Ipn-m-ev Hcp-]mSv B{K-ln-n-cpp {^vkn-t\m-sSmw Xam-isbm-s ]dv Cu Umw apgp-h t_mv khmcn \S-m. ]s A-Xn\p Ign-n-. Cn-tm ]s AXnsempw Hcp ck-hp-an-. cmlp ]s `b-c {Xnn-em-bn-cp-p. Ah ImgvN-Isfms \mbn Bkz-Zn-p-p-v. CS-bvn-sS-bp Ahs tNmZyw Xs kzIm-cy-Xsb \in-n-p-p-s-n-epw Ahs\ shdpsX ]nW Fp IcpXn Hmtcm Iw ]d-p-sIm-n-cp-p. PohnXw ]etmgpw A-s\-bm-Wv, apJw aqSn-bWn Hcp tImam-fn-sb-tm-se. khmcn Ignv aS-p Hcp t_mn-tev shdpsX Hv t\mn-btm AXns sskUn-en--cn-p ]pcp-js\bpw kv{Xosbbpw FhnsStbm Iv ad-Xp t]mse. AXv X-sfbpw ISv t]mb-tm AXn-tev Xs Xncnv t\mn-btm tZhn tNmZn-p. Fm a\p-thm BcmWXn ? Gbv Bcp-an Fp ]dv Hgn-snepw anmbw t]mse ad B apJ- a\-n Hcm-bncw tNmZy-fp-Wn. t_mv khmcn Ignv Km-U-\n-tev {]th-in-tmgpw Afp-In-S-bn Ahsc Xnc-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Am, \Sp Ipg- - - n. \ap-hnsS Ccn-mw. KmU-\nse ]-]chXm\n t]mse hncn ]pv Nqn cmlp ]d-p. Hcp ImmSn ac-n\p apI-fn aqhcpw hn{i-an-m-\n-cp-p. tZhn _mKn-\p-n \nv Rmen-q-h-s\-Spv cmlp-en\v sImSp-p-I-bm--bn-cp-p. AXn-\n-S-bn Ah-sfmp Xs
thcpI- 21
Am Zm t_mv \ap--Xn Ib-dmw. cmlp-ens i_vZw Nn-
BZyw \psS {]W-bs C-s-n-cp A\n-bn {ipXn, ]ns AXv FXns-sX-s?

t\v \o- n. F\nv th Fp ]dv Xn-cn--bp--Xn-\n-Sbn hopw Ahsc Ip. Ah cp t]cpw X--cnIn-eqsS \Sp hcn-Ibm-bn-cp-p. Ap-hs AXv. a\-dn-bmsX a{n- p. AsX Ap Xs, Imew ssIhn-cpXv Imn-bn-psnepw Xncn- - d n- b m IgnbpapJw. `qX- I m- e - nse Hm-I-fn-eqsS a\--dn-bmsX k-cn-p. Iuam-c-ns {]-`mX- - f n- s etm A\p- h mZw IqSmsX \o a\- n- \ pf- f n {]Xnjv T Ccp- n- s . HSp- h n A\p-hm-Zan-msX \o X\nsb Cdn- t m- b ns ? Ap Rm\v sImn-b-S a\-ns hmXn Xpd-m ]no-Smpw Ign-n. Fm a\p-thm Btem-Nn-pXv? tZhn-bpsS tNmZyw Nnbn \np-Wn. t\mn-btm-tgpw Ah t]mbn-Ign-ncp-p. hon-se-n-b-tm-tgpw cm{Xnbm- b n- c p- p. Am- g - ns t]cn Fsm Ign- s p hcpn thKw Dd-m\v InS-p. bm{X- b psS oW- n- e mImw tZhnbpw cmlpepw thKw Dd-n. ]s a\-n sXfn-bp Aphns apJw a\-ns\ hopw `qX-Im-e-tv sImp t]mhpI-bm-bn-cp-p. Iuam- c - n {]W- b - ns XovW-X-bn Ap-hn-s\bpw Imv B ac- p- h - n
F{Xtbm Znh-k Imp \np. Ahsf Hcp t\mp ImWm. HSp-hn C-am-sWv ]d-tm Ah-fpsS Ip-Ifn I Xnfhpw Ah-fpsS ]pn-cnbpw Xs ]pXn-sbmcp temI-t-mWv Iqn-smp t]mb-Xv. ]ns ]c-kv]cw ak-cn-p kvt\lhpw CS-bvp sImp ]nW-fpw Pohn-Xnse kzob \nan-j-fm-bn. BZyw \psS {]W-bs C-s-n-cp A\n-bn {ipXn, ]ns AXv FXns-sX-s? Hcp ]s \ns a\-n-em-p-Xn Ft-m hnP-bn-Xv Ah-fm-bn-cp-pthm? F\n-t-hpw C--ap a-bn kz \qep-sImv Unssk sNbvX ]p ]mhm-Sbpw Ipm-bhp-an-mWv ]e-tmgpw \o Fs ASp hn-cp-Xv. sNIq apSn-bn NqSn-bXp sImmhmw sNI-q-hns K-am-bn-cpp \n\-v. Ba-c-Np-h-n \npw \o s\nb N\w Nmn Xcp-tm \ns Ip-Ifntev t\mn \np-tm Cu temIw \n-eam-sb-n-sev Rm ]e-tmgpw B{Kln-n-cp-p. \ns hnhmlw \nbw Ignp F-dnv Rm HmSn \n-cn-Inse-n-btm a\p, ANvO i-ambn FXnpp. Cu hnhmlw \S-m Xs aI-fmbn ImWm-\m-hn-sv Xop ]dp? am{Xa a\p-hn-s\mcp tPmen-bn-msX \-sf-s\ Pohn-pw. Ic-n-ens htm-fsa-nb Fsbpw \n-lm-bmb \nsbpw \Sphn kp-c\pw ]W-m-c-\p-amb B bphmhv AKm-[-amb hn-epm-n-sbv Rm\-dn-p. F\n-sp sNm Ignbpw F \ns tNmZyhpw Xncn-p \S--hpw. \ns hnS-]-d-n-em-bn-cp-p-shv Rm\-dn-n-. B sN-Iq-hns Kw F\nv Fs-t-p-ambn \-s-Sp-Ibm-sW bmYmy-tmSv Ftm-gmWv F\nv s]mcp-s-Sm Ign-Xv? Ap-hns hnhmlw Ign-p. ]no-sS-tmtgm {ipXn ]d-m-WXdn--Xv. Pohn-X-ns Ipsm-gp-n-s\-Xnsc \om {ian-p-shnepw Ign-n-. Ahkm\w Hcp ]nSn-hn-bmbn IXv tZhn-bpsS ssII-fm-Wv. ]pXnb Pohn-X-ntZhn kvt\lw sImp hop apn \nan-jfp-m-bn-cp-s-n-epw, Nne \nan-jfv A]q- - X-bpsS Ibvpbn-cp-p. hj-p tijw Hcn- {ipXn ]dp, a\p-thm Ap-hns `mhv ImWp-Xp t]mse-b, Abmsfmcp apgp-Ip-Sn-b\Wv. am{X-a Abm-fpsS kmZyw apgp-h\pw Abm - [qSnp If-bp-Ibpw Ctm Ap-hns hoXw Inm-\mbn Ahsf Fpw Xm-dp-ss{X? Gs\ Hp ImWm Xc-s-Sptam Fp tNmZn-p. G-t\mSv Fsm-stbm ]d-b-W-sapw thZ-\n-n--Xn\v amp ]d-b-W-sapw ]d-p. Hcpam-t] kzoI-cn-m-\p amlm a\-kvIX As-\np tXmnbn-. Fn-\m-bn-cnpw Abm-fhsfbpw Iqn Ctmv hcp-Xv. Nne- tm-f-bm \m-bn-p-m-hpw. Fm-bmepw Ah ktm-j-am-bn-cns! ]Xps Hp \niz-kn-p. tmn-tev t\mn-btm-gmWv kabw aq-cbm-bXdn-Xv. Hmtcm-m-tem-Nnp kabw t]mb-Xdn- n-. Xncnv im-am-bp-d-p tZhnsb t\mn-b-tm a\-nse-hn-sStbm Hcp Ip-t_m[w tXmn. I-Stm It]m-fI - thcpI-
22
Dd- - n- \ mbv Imn- c p- - X pt]mse Dd-ns AKm-[Xbn- tev hgpXn hoWp. t]mIp-nt? tZhn-bpsS tNmZyamWv Dd--n \np-Wnb-Xv. G-s\m ]n-bXv. Cse Dd-n-bn-s, Xe thZ-\n-p-ptm.. t\ms? tZhn- b psS \\p ssIew s\n-bn ]Xn- - t m Dn hopsamcp Ip-t_m[w DS-se-Sp-p. F\n-sm-p-an Fp ]dp _mv dqan-tev \S--tmgpw Ah-fpsS apJ-tv t\mm Ign-n-. ]p-tXpw Ipfnbpw Ignv Xe-bn Xncpn hcptm- g mWv ]{X- m- c s sskn aWn tI-Xv. D-dtv sNv ]{Xw FSpp a\n Ctmgpw {In-ns Pzcw _mn \np-Xv sImmhmw BZyw t\mp-Xv kvt]mSvkv t]Pm-Wv. AXn-te-mbv adn-psIm-n-cn-p-tm Nc-a-tIm-fnse hm-bnepw AXn-\-Snbnse t^mtm-bnepw Ip-I DSn \np. bphXn Uman hoWp acnp F Xe-s-n-\Sn- b n Ap- h ns t^mtm. hopw hopw B t^mtm-bntev t\msh In Ccpp Ib-dp-Xp t]mse, Imep-I Xf-cp--Xp-t]m-se, Hcp Xmn\mbn a\v hmsX sImXn-p. amp ]d- b m\pw Fmw Xncpm\pw Ah h-tm Xmdm-Im-Xns ZpxJw apgp-h a\n Ae- b - S np hcp- p.
a\p-thm Csm Hmô-kn
Atm AXn\p Xm-dm-bn-cp-n-s-nepw ]no-sS-tmtgm Ahsf Hp ImW-W-sav B{K-ln-n-cp-p. Ctm Ah-fpsS tNX-\-b apJw ImWm\pw An-tam-]Nmcw An-m\pw a\p hmsX tIgpp. {]`mX `-W-n-\ncp-tmgpw Nn apgp-h\pw AXp Xs-bm-bncp-p,. shdpsX `-W-n-tev t\mn-bn-cn-p-Xv Iv tZhn tNmZn-p. a\p-th--s\p ]n, Cse apX Hnepw Hcpm-l-hpan-msX? adp-]Sn-bn. ]s , \In-bX.v tZhn Rm\np hon-tev t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. A-sbbpw A-s\bpw Inv Ipd-p Znh-k--fmbn, Xncn-hsftm ]d-s-nepw AsXmpw tIm \nn-. - cmhn-es _v ]nSnv hon-se-n-bm {ipXn-sbbpw Iqn ac-Who-n-tev Afn-b K^n-em-b-Xn-\m Ah an-hmdpw hon-embn-cn-pw. _kv tmn-tev \S-p-tm tZhn-tbmSv Iw ]d--tbn h-Xns \o a\-n \npw hnp amdn-bn-cp-n-. ac-W-ho-nse-n-btm Bcmepw {in-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m {ian-p. sh-pWn-bn Igp-tm-fw, ]ns apJ-ns apm `mKhpw ]pX Ap-hns \ne icocw ImsI taemsI Hcp hnd-be\p-`hs- - p. Ap-hns Xnf-hpw `wKn-bp B Ip-I, AX-Sp InSpp. Fmw adv Ah Dd-p--Xp-t]m-se, AsXmv Xp-d-n-cps-n F\nv ]d-bm-am-bn-cpp Ap FtmSv amp tNmZn-m am{Xw Fp sXmWv sNbvXXv. IqSp-X Ahsf t\m-n-btm Xfp hogp-sav tXmn. XncnsI _kv tmn-se-n-btm ico-chpw a\pw Hcp t]mse oWn-n-cp-p. Atm-gmWv AXv IXv _kv tmns ]nn \np B ac-Np-hn ]p-]m-hm-Sbpw Ipm-bhp-anp \np Hcp s]Ipn . Ah X-cn-In \n BIp-n-bpsS s\n-bn N\w Nmp-p. Ah-\-h-fpsS Ip-I-fn-tev t\mn \npp. Fmw ad-v. `qX-Im-etv hopw t]mIp-sav tXmn-btm Ip-Ifm ImgvNbn \npw am-n. Dn-se-hn-sStbm ambmsX \nn-cp Hm-Ifpw AtXmsS am-p-shv tXmn. hon-se-n-b-tm sshIn-bn-cp-p. tZhn X\n-t-hpw C-s `Ww Xs Dmn Im-cn-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. ]s. Ftm AXn- s emcp ckhpw tXmn- b n- . Xe- t h--Z - \ - b m- s Wv ]dv t\scs Dd-m InS-p. tZhn-bpsS ssI s\n Xtem-Sn-btm Rm\p-dmsX InS-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. a\pthm Fsbpw Iqmam-bn-cp-n-t, Hcp ss[cy-n-\m-bv. F\n-smcp hnj-a-sa-bp-q, C{Xbpw Imew IqsS Xma-kn-npw cl-ky- ssIam-dp-hm\pw ZpxJ ]p-th-bvm-\p-ap Hcp kplr-mWv Rms\v G\v C\nbpw tXmn-bn-ns? Ahsf hmcn ]pWv s\n-te-an-btm Fs ZpxJw AWs]m-n-btm Hcn- sImn-bS a\-ns hmXn Xpd-s-SpXpw F\nv in ]I-cp Hcp amem-Jbmbv Ah amdp-Xpw Rm Ip. F\nv kv t \ln- m Fs kz]v \ - ]p shbvm Fp-sapw. AsX F\n-mbv hop-samcp sNIw ]qp-I-bmWv. Pohn-X-n-sepw kuc`yw \ne-\nm-\mbv Hcnepw sImgn-bm]q-fp-am-bv.. thcpI-
Atm-gmWv AXv IXv _kv tmns ]nn \np B ac-Np-h-n ]p-]m-hm-Sbpw Ipm-b-hp-anp \np Hcp s]Ipn .
23
English Department
INDIAN FICTION IN ENGLISH

Origin and Development fables have their ancestries going back by several centuries. But the novel has germinated and taken roots in India only within the span of a little more than a century. The origin of the nord goes back to the development of formal written prose in the regional languages, with the help of Indian scholars, Christian missionaries had translated the Bible into many living languages of India. Then prose medium became handily for official use for petitions, records, journalism and for the translation of Sanskrit classics including novels followed. This literary renaissance, first manifested itself in Bengal. Immediately afterwards, the signs of the new life, were to be seen in Madras, Bombay and other parts of India. However the real beginnings of the novel began with the works of the great Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. His first published novel. Rajmohans wife (1864) was in English. It was followed by Rajalakshmi Devis. The Hindu wife (1876),and Poru Dutts Bianca in 1878. Today, these novels written in English have no more interest for us than a historical interest. Bankim was inspired by Tods Annals and antiquates of Rajasthan and scotts historical romances. Anandanath (1882) is Bankims best known work though not his greatest novel. In other novels Bankim has introduced Sannyasis in to fictional narratives. The Sannyasis in to figures often in India fiction were considered as beneficent or ludicrows characters.. In Tagores novels there is an effort to bridge the East and West. Before 1947, the English models were the major outside influences on the Indian novel. After
Epics,Drama, Short stories and
independence, novelists in India have shown themselves susceptible to the influence of American and European modles. Some novelists have shown how the joy of our freedom has been more than neutralized by the tragedy of partition. Serious novelists have shown how in spite of freedom there is continuing corruption, inefficiency, poverty and misery. The difficulties faced by the novelists are real, what to write and in which language? The novelist is a man and an artist and hence what he writes can comprehend all that comprises mans life and can exploit all the graces and freedom of art. In India, novel is still an envolving literary genre. The practitioners are trying for a fusion of form, substance and expression that is recognizably Indian and bears the mark of universality. Various themes selected for the fiction novels whose action is set By the side of a river are a category by themselves for eg: K.S Venketaramans Murugan the taillor R.K Narayans novels centred in Malgudi on Sarayu. History as the theme of fiction seems indeed to exercise a special fascination for many Indian novelists. eg: Romesh Chander dutts The slave Girl of Agra (1909) Some, especially, Assamese have tea estates as their maine theme. eg: Mulk Raj Anands Two Leaves and a Bud. In modern times, Tagores The home and the world and Four chapters presents the issue between ends and means in politics in the context of revolutionary movements 20th century. Mulk Raj Anands The sword and the sickle covers the politics of 20th century. The growing chasm between the Hindu and Muslims Communities between India and Pakistan, Bengal Hungers, The Quit india movement are covered in novels like . eg: N.S Phadke - Leaves in the August wind. R.K Narayanan - Waiting for Narayan Kushwant Singh - Train to Pakistan. Kamala Markandeya - Some Inner fury The novels of social criticism and social protest also form a distinctive group. eg: Kumara Gurus A Daughters shadow is a mild protest against the westernization of the soul of India that is now in programmes. Raja Rao , R.K Narayan and Mulk Raj Anand are the foremost IndoAnglican novelist in the post - independence era. They have the ability to fabricate the most intimate and intricate scanes of the home and coundry The Indian novelists are not casually attracted to new techniques Anita Desai in her Cry the peacock (1903) and voices in the city (1965) has on a de intelligent use of the teqnique. As recently in Arundathi Roys The God of small things. Now guarded experimentalization is going on: Zigzag in narration ,jumbling the past, present and future to charge the novel with suspense and piquancy. thcpI-
24
kpIrXw sNbvX-h ! EXp t`Z-tm IS-p-t]m-Ip Imp-Itm \ns Cf-m Ign-bn-. \n\p Iqn-\mbv Infn-I-fpw Ipbn \mZ-fpap.v ]s, mbn-`m-h-an-m Rm GI-\m-Wv. thc-dn-bmsX De-bp Imns tXmg-\m-Wv.
thcpI-
25
thcpI-
26
A\p. Sn.- F-kv. tXUv _n. F. Cwojv
Hm-bnse Aq- XmSnv

\K-cn hv Xma-kam-n-bnv Hcp ]mSv \mfm-sb-nepw, ]qambn AXn-t\m-Sn-gIn-t-cm F\nbvv CXp-hsc Ign-n-n-. ChnsS ]d-n-te-bvn-dn ]n-I-fpsS ]mp tIv \S-m-s\pw Ign-bm-dn. Fm-hcpw hoSn-\-Iv F{X t\c-amWv hmXn-ep-I-f-S-n-cn-p-sXv Rm Ap-Xs-Sm-dpv. `mKy-n-\v,- Fs hoSn\p ap]n sNdn-sbmcp Hgn ]d-p-v. Ahn-sS-bmWv Npp-ap hoSp-I-fn \nv Ipn-I Ifn-bvm hcm-dp--Xv. Fpw sshIp-t-c--fn Ah-cpsS Ifn-I Bkz-Znv \npI FXv Fs ]Xn-hp-I-fnsem-m-bn-cn-bvp-p. Xnc-p-Ifn \nsm-gnv Ah-cpsS Ifn-Ifpw AXn-\n-S-bnse ]nW--hpw, CW-hpw sNdnb N-I-fp-samw honv Hcp ImgvNm-cn-bm-bn-cn-bvm {]tXy-Iamb Hcp ck-amWv... AXn-\n-Sbn ]e Nn-I..... Nnetmsgms B ]d-n ]ip-hn-s\bpw sImv hfsc {]mbap Hcpkv{Xo hcm-dp-v. Ah ]d-Xv ]-hnsS apgp-h ImSmbn-cp-s-m-Wv. Hcm\ \nm t]mepw ImWm-{X ]ppw, acfpw AhnsS hfn-cp-p-h-t{X. AXn\p \Sp-hn Hcp Ipf-ap-mthcpI- 27
ImSpw, taSp- s amw Ae- p \Sv am-bpw, Nbpw Imp]-gfpw ]dnv Xnp-\Sv, ]pg-bn-epw, tXmn-epw, If-n-epsamw NmSn-n-anv a-cnv \on-bn-cp-Xv. -
ko-amb Pohn-Xs t\cnv Xf-cp--Xp-sIm-m-Imw.
Ir{Xn-a-amb Xnc-p-I-fn hoWp t]mIp Ah-cpsS Hm-I-fn ]pgbpw Ipfhpw, ]mS-hpw, am-Sn-p-cphpw, Aq- XmSn- b psams Dm-Iptam?
bn-cp-p-shpw Ah-cpsS Ipnm-ev nc-ambn Ipfn-bvm hcm- d p- Xv B Ipf- n- t ebvvmbn-cp-p-sh-p Adnhv Fs Ap-X-s-Sp-n. Ccpp ]S ac- nS- b n Hcp Ipfw.. B - e - ns DSa Ipfw \nIn \ hnebvv hnnp- m- I pw. Fnepw Ctmgpw AhnsS hoSp-Isfmpw hn-n-. CSvbvv F\nbvv tXmm-dpv, B a-n-\Sn-bn shw \ndv ]pd-t-bvsmgpIm hopapp-p-sv. Fsms A\p- ` - h - - f mWv F\nbvv \-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? AXn-tesd hcpw Xe-ap-dbvv ... F.-kn. dqan-en-cpv Iyq-dns tkm^vv shb t{]m{Km-an-s\-pdn-pw, BW-hm-bp-[sf-p-dn-p- sams N \S-p Ahv {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn Hcp _hpw Dm-Im-\n-S-bn-. A Ftmgpw Ah-cpsS Ipnm- es - p- d nv ]d- b m- d pv . -ImSpw, taSp- s amw Ae- p \Sv am-bpw, Nbpw Imp]-gfpw ]dnv Xnp-\Sv, ]pg- bn- e pw, tXmn- e pw, If- n- e psamw NmSn-n-anv a-cnv \on-bn-cp-Xv. As\ \Sv ky- b m- I p- t m- g mWv hon hcn-I. Pohn-Xns hk-Ime-am-bn-cpp AXv FmWv A ]d- b m- d p- - X v . _mey- nse Hm-I Ghpw hne-]n-Sn--XmIp- Xv ]noSv \mw AXn
]d-p-hXv Cse Ah-cpsS Ipn-I t\mn \np-tm-gmWv Hcp Aq- XmSn Imn ]Xps Dev Fs ap]n hp hoW-Xv. sshIp-t-cs Cf-sh-bn Xn AXns shn tcma Xnf-n... Rm\-sX-Spv Ipsd t\cw t\mn \np. ]ns ssII-fn shv ]Xps DuXn. hop-aXp \\p--Im-n BSn-bpev Zqtc-bvv... Ftm Fs Ip-I \nd-p. Fs a\-n-entm Zqsc ae-\n-cIfn-se-t]mse ap s]p-Ibm-Wv.. - AXn-\-pdw Ahy--amb Ipsd Nn{X- ]Xps sXfnp hcpp. Fs Iqp-Im-cp-samv Ifnp \S-Xv.... A-bpsS _meyIm-es-tm-se, A{X-sbmpw k-as-nepw - R-pw Hm-Ifn Nne-sXm-s-bp-v. Iqp-Im-cpsamp IfnI, AXn-se-\n-tsd Cw am-Sn-p-cp-hpw, Ipn-p-cphpw tiJcnv Nnp Ipn-I-fn \nd-bvm-\m-bn-cp-p. ]ns Nph Hcp Xcw ]pp-v. AXnse shw sImv R tv ambvn-cp-p. CsXmw tiJ-cn-m-\p a-c-n F\nbvp ]t Ipds Inm-dp-q. Fn-cp-mepw R-fpsS kz]v\-v Ah \ndw ]In-cp-p... ]e hmSI hoSp-Ifn-em-bmWv Rm hf-Xv. AhnsS-sbmw Aq- XmSnbpw Imn-ep-ev hn-cp-p. Unkw-_dnse XWp cm{Xn-Ifn {]Xy-s-Sp {InkvXp-akv Aq-s\-t]mse Ftm-gp-sa-Xp-t]mse BSn-bp-ev a\-n ap s]n-v, AsXs-tXSn hcp-am-bn-cpp... Hcn-bvepw AsX-hnsS \nmWv hcp-Xv Fv F-\n-bvdn-bm Ignnn. Ipn-I Ifn-bvp-Xv t\mn \np-Ibm-bn-cp Fs-bSp-tv h Aq- XmSn-sb-p-dn-mWv ]dp XpS-n-bXv. Ah Ifnbvp-Xn-\pdw sNdnb ac-fpw hn-Sp-Ifp-am-Wv. s]s-mWv Fs {i-bns-Xv. AhnsS \nv Ipsd Aq- XmSn-I ]mdn hcp-p. Hcp ]msSw F{Xtbm \mfp-Ifmbn Fn IuXpIw \nd Aq- XmSn-I...-Fs a\-p-Wp. Rm Ipn-I-sf-sbmw hnfnv Hcp ]mSv Dm-ltmsS Atmp t]mbn. Fs ktm-jn-\Xn-cn-m-bn-cp-p. ac-n ]S hn-I \ndsb ]bpw DWn-bXp-amb Imb-I. Rm {i-tbmsS Hcp-Wnb Imb s]mfnp. Hcp-]mSv Aq- XmSn-I Hn\p aosX Hmbn ASp-n-hcn- p-p. ]ns-bsXmw Imn ]d-n-hn-Sm-\p hy{K-Xbm-bn-cp-p. Fs H-ap-m-bn-cp Ipn-Ifpw Hcp ]mSv ktm-j-n-em-bn-cp-p. Hcp ]s Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-nse BZym-\p-`-h-amImw AXv. Ir{Xna-amb Xnc-p-I-fn hoWp t]mIp Ah-cpsS Hm-I-fn ]pgbpw Ipf-hpw, ]mS-hpw, am-Sn-p-cp-hpw, Aq- XmSn-bp-sams DmIptam? Hcp \nanjw a\-n AXm-bn-cpp Nn. Fm-bmepw Av Rp-ham-bn-cp-p. DW-nb Imb-I - \o \J--fmn. Ah-cpsS Ip-I-fn {]tXy-I-am-sbmcp Xnfw Rm Ip. {]Ir-Xn-bnse IuXp-I--fn Hs-nepw Adn ktmjw. \qdm-bncw Aq- XmSn-I Hn-p-bp-s]m-n..... Gsd Zqcw k-cn-v, HSp-hn an hoWv, hopw Xfnv, C\nbpw Hcp ]mSv a\-p-Ifn ap s]n-m... thcpI-
28
a\p-{]-km-Zv. Sn.
sk v _n.-F. Cwojv
bm{Xm-samgn
C\n DZn-p-sa P--f-n-sepw Hcp In\m-hn ssIXm-tmsS B \Sm-Xbn GI-\mbv \nth Adn-bpp Rms\ P-km-êyw. \ng am \S-m-X-bn Dan-bmbv Zln-p Poh-\n kvac-W-I XpSn-p-tm _mn-bmbv Hc psN-dp-s\m-cw am{Xw. sXmSn-bnte ssXamhp ]qp-tmgpw Ac-bm-en sImn-sem-cp-Infn ]mSp-tmgpw Hcp sNdp-Im-ss Xtem-Sp-tmgpw Adn-bpp Rms\-m-m-hn tX. a\w ab-p akvanX-nepw kz]v\w ImWm ad-sm-co-an-gn-bnepw Hcp sNdp \nizm-k-nepw C\nsb bm{Xm-samgn
thcpI-
29
ADVT - 1
thcpI-
30
aebmf hn`mKw
Ihn-{X-bns Imhy-{Xbw
thZ-\bp-tSbpw sshcq-]y-n-sbpw ]m]-n-tbpw \Sp-hn Xn-npw Xnfp am\-hssN-X\y-s {Im Zin-Ifmb Ihn-I Is-p-p. Ah-cXns\ A\-ku-cy-n-sbpw imizX imn-bp-sSbpw ]c-aIm-jvTbn-te-pbp-p. B[p-\nI alm Ihn-{X-bn-sbpw C-cn-ep krjvSn-ssh`-hns a[pc ê-fmWv aKvZe\a-dn-bhpw Icp-Wbpw ]nMvKfbpw. Cu IrXn-Ifnse-{]-[m-\-{]-tabw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. aqpt]cpw ]m]n-\nI-fm-Wv. kzbw sXp a\-n-emn am\-knI ]cn-h\w h aqp \mbn-Iam-sc-p-dnv aqv t]cpw JWvUImhy-sf-gp-Xn. aKvZe\adnbw - - - ca-Wo-b-Ihpw ]cn-a-f-hp-an-W-nb ]\n-\o-c-e-cmWv; IcpW Dz-e-amb tim`bpw DXv-S-amb Btam-Zhpw tafn-p sNI ae-cm-Wv; ]nMvKf kp- c hpw kpL- S n- X hpw kpc- ` n- e - h p- a mb _lp- Z - e - - t fm- S p- I q- S nb s]mm-acbpw Fv {]i-kvX\mb kmlnXy \ncq-]I Cu Imhysf hne-bn-cn-n-bn-p-v.
thcpI- 31
C\n Imhy--fpsS Dn-tev t]mImw. CXn-hrw aqn-tebpw {]kn-w- Xs. aKvZe\ adn-bnse CXn-hrw ss__n-fn \npw Icp- W - b n- t eXv Z tKmkv] Hm^v _p F _p- a - X - { K- - n \npw FSpn-cn-p-p. alm-`m-cXw imn-]h-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-np ]nMv K - f sb A[n- I - c nv Dq ]nMvK-fbpw cNn htmfpw Dqcpw \mbn-Iam-cpsS t]cp- X s Imhy- p \In. Bim Imhy-]m-e- nse IcpW cks DsImv Imhy-n\p IcpW Fp t]cn-p. h-tm, ss__n-fnse IYbn Zqc-hym-]-I-amb amw hcpn-bn-p-v. {InkvXp-hs amlm- y - n\v A]w t]mepw tImw X- c p- s Xv Atlw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \mS-IobX apn \np Cu Im-hyn BZy-ambn cwK-s-np-Xv {io tbip-hn-s\-bm-Wv. {iotams taS- b n tbip {InkvXp Fgp\nbncpp B hmbdnv Atls ImWphm\pw Xs ]m]w Gp]dbm\pambn thiy-bmb aKvZ-e-\-bnse adnbw sNp-p. Ah {io tb- i p- h ns Im hoWv Ip\ocpsImv AXv IgpIn Bm- a mb ]mm- ew Ahsf ]m]-n \npw Ic-Ib-n. kvt\l-kzcq]-\mb tbip Ahsf kam-iz-kn-n-p.
- tKmkv] Hm^v _p F{K-n-eSnb IYm-bsWv Hp IqSn ]d-b-s. aqe-I-Y-bn Bim Nne am- hcp-n-bn-p-v. - Cu hyXn-bm-\ IcpWm Im-hys AXn-tam-l\amb Hcp \mSIob Imhy-am-n-am-n. CXnse \mbn-IbmWv hmk-hZ. [\n-Ibm- h-W-sa AXntamlw \nanw Ah hgn-hn PohnXw \bn-p. thiy-bmb hmk--hZv _p-in-jy-\mb D]-Kp-]vXt\mSv A\pcmKw - tXmn. hmk-hZ Xs kJnsb ]d-p-hnv D]-Kp-]vXs\ aWnta-S-bn-tev Wn-p-p. Fm ka-bam-bn Fp ]dv _p `np B Ww \nc-kn-p. Ah-fpsS {]Wbw amwk-fhpw t`mK-em-ekhp-amb cmKw X-s-bm-sWXpsImv Bim AXn- s\ BhnjvIcn-n-cn-p-p.
angnma[p-cm-Ir-Xnsb t\mn ckn--m-atm

hmkh-Z Xs Xs hnIm-cs hn-p-sImv tXmgn-tbmSv ]d--bp `mKw {inp t\mmw.
hni-n\p hn`-h- shdp-tmf-am-in-mepw

hnin t`mPy- ImIn sImXn-bm-ampw Hcp Xcw amwk-Zm-l-amWv B hnIm-cw. Hcp sIme-]m-XI Ip-n\p innv Ic-NcWm-ZnI apdnv hmk-hZsb ivaim-\n-se-n - - ka-bv D]-Kp-]vX Ahn-sS-sbn hmk-hZtbmSv ]d-bp `mKw - - AXoh lrZ-bkv]i-nbmW.v -
tim`\ Ime--fn \o Kay-bm-bn-s-\np \n ku`-K-n taml-am kplr- Rm

_ps kmtcm-]tZ-i tIv kzbw am\-k]cn-h\w h - Ah kam-[m-\tmsS acn-p-p. ivaim-\n \nv t]mIp D]-Kp-]vXt\mSv temI \a-mbn {]hn-m Ihn D]-tZ-in-pIbpw sNp-p-v. ]nMvK-f-bn Dq aqe-I-Y-bn \nv henb hyXn-bm-\--sfmpw hcp-n-bn-n-. thiy-bmb ]nMvKfbpw kzbw am\-knI ]cn-h\w hv \--h-fm-bn. Hcp Znhkw Xs ASp-tv Imap-Iam Bcpw hcm-Xp-sImv ]nMvKfbpsS a \in-p. Ah Nnm-abm- - bn. ]nMvKfbpsS a\v Dq Bhn-jvIcn-n-cn-p-Xv t\mq. - -
As]msn--tm lm! Rm-cnepw Antae-ptm Imas\bvhq

`nn-bn Xqn-bn-n-cp {iocm-as Nn{Xw s]sv Xmsg hoWp. Ah C{Xbpw Imew B Nn{Xw {i-n-n-cp-n-. Cu kw`hw Ahfn ]p-Xnb Nn-I-fp-Wn. AtXmsS Ah im-n-tev t]mbn-Xp-Sn. euInI kpJw \nc-I-am-sWv Ah Xncn--dnp. hew [cnv k\ym-kn-\nbmbn amdn. XXz Nn-Isf Iemku--cy-tmsS hnI-kn-n--Xn-emWv Cu Imhy-ns `wKn .`mcXob kwkvIrXn Imhy-n-ep-S-\ofw \nd-sm-gp-Ip-Xv ImWmw. Bim `mh-ns Xpcp aon AXns {ipXn-sm-np ]mSptm h-tm ku-cy-ns apc-fn-bn-eqsS `mh-Km-\ Be]n-p-p. Dq IhnX DtmJ Itm-en-X-amb Ae-m-c--fpsS Hcp Dze {]Zi-\-im-e-bm-Wv.
thcpI-
32
s]mbvsmI s]Ipt
ZpxJw shSnp \o bpsIm hnizmkw Imp\ns., A-tm ]mX-Iw sNbvXXn--s\ms-bp anm-Xm-]ta {]mb-nw
Icp-W-bnse C-Xn-hrw Zn
ss^\ _n.-tImw.
kXojv. sI
Aùa kucyw
\n I-W-m ImWp-tm Ia-e-Zfw t]mse Icn-apSn Imtem Imap-Inepw \n A[-c ]\n-\o ]q t]mse \n \b-\ \oe XSm-I \npsS Nnntbm NpcnI t]mse {]ntb \n \mknI Fn Ipkpaw \npsS Ihn-fp-I Xn t]mse \n s\n-Sw knqc ky-tm AXntem chn t]mse sXmSp-Ip-dnbpw ]d-bpImbmWXn taml\w \n Nncn ]d-bp-hm-\-dn-bn F\np t]mepw ]ga-I In\nbpw \n ku-cy-n ]Xn-aSns ]cn-`h - Ipbn-ep-I ]mSpw If-ar-Z-`m-jWw abn-ep-I BSpw \S-\-ckw ]dbq Hma-t\, ]cn-`hw amdntbm ]S-bWn DS-hm FSp-pthm \o {]`hckw \n apJ-`m-h- {]W-b-ckw \n {]I-S-\- hniz Im-hn-\m Xop \n cq]w hniz-[m-Xm-hn C t]mse ap\n-I sNmpw {]W-b- t]m AXn-arZw temew \n\-Sn-I inh-KwK t]mse \n Iq-\ocpw AXn-\m F ]m]w ]pWy-ambn Hcp Ipp ]q t]mse \npsS hZ\w AXntem \ndp ]pn-cnbpw ]d-bp-hm-\m-hn \n kucyw ]d-bp-hm-t\sd D-Xn-\m...
thcpI-
33
jnp tPm sk v _n.F. Cwojv
hml- \ - sf B{i- b n- m- s Xbp bm{X-bpw, ip-amb Aco--hpw, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS lcn-Xm`-bpw, hnfp InS-p ]mSfpw, ac- \nd hgn-Ifpw, Am- d- - p- \pw, tXamhpw Im- c p- h n- I fpw Cv Ftm t]mbv ad- n- c n- p- p. AhbpsS m\-sa-m-anv Sn.-hn.bpw, Iyq-dpw, Cs\pw ]Sp-Iq- _nUnw-Kp-Ifpw I-Sn-bn--cn-pp. Fn- t \sd \mw Nn- p- p. Cv IpS- n p- h m ip- P ew Inm- \ n- . hnim- e - a mb Hcp PohnXw kz]v\w ImWm Bpw Ignbpn. CSp-nb Hcp temIw. Iqp-Ip-Spw-_-n \nsmw amdn AWp-Ip-Spw-_ambn {Kmam-co-n \nv \K-c-n-tev IpSn-tb-dn. Im \S-bmbn kvIqfn t]mbn-cp-h Cv kzw hml-\--fnemn. X-fpsS bm{Xm-`Ww Ign-p-Xp-t]mepw hnim-eamb tlm-ep-Ifn. ap-htcmSv hnh-- c- ]p shbvm-\mbn HcmfpsS In Xs cv samss_ t^m. AXo-hZb- \o-b-amWv C-s bph-X-e-ap-dbpsS Imcyw.
Ipn-I-fmWv \msfbpsS ]ucam. \msf-bpsS hmKvZm-\-fm-W-h. hcpw Ime--fn \psS cmPys \bn-t--h, \mSn\mbv hnhn[ I a-e--fn tkh\w sNt--h. ]s, Fp sNpw? Cs bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS t]mv ImWp-tm Bcpw ZpxJnpw. Xncv \nd Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn Ch-sc-p-dn Hmm Bcpan-. Fm-Wn-hv kw`-hn-s-sX-m-temNnptm Dcw InpI hfsc Ffp--am-Wv. H-hm-n ]d-m Npcp-nb temIw A{X Xs. ]sms Bfp-I sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp Imcy- t]mepw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbvv A\y-am-bn-cn-p-p. ]c-kv]cw klm-bnpw kl-I-cn-pap PohnXw IqwIq-am-bp bm{X-I, Ifn-I, av hnt\m-tZm-]m[n-I Ah-bpsS t]cpt]mepw ]pXnb Xe-apd tIn-p-m-hn-.
thcpI-
34
Cs
Cv \S-p hml\ A]-IS-fn acWw kw`-hn-p--h-cnte- s dbpw bphm- - f m- W v. ss_n- e p Nodn- ] m t]mv ImWp-tm Xs \ap-dnbmw \psS bphm--fpsS Ah- . aqpw \mepw t] Hnv AXn-`-b--c-am-bn-th-K-Xbn hml-\-tam-Snp t]mIp-XmWv Ctm- g s ^mj. In Hcp samss_ t^mWpw ImWpw. KXm- K X kwhn- [ m- \ sams C{Xbpw hnI- k n Imepw kz-am-sbmcp hml\-sa--XmWv GsXmcp bphm-hnsbpw kz]v\w. ]Ww Ahv Hcp XS-ta Am-Xm-bn-cn-p-p.
ap- - h - t cmSv hnh- c - ]p shbvm-\mbn Hcm-fpsS In Xs cv samss_ t^m. AXo-hZb\o-bamWv C-s bph-- X-e-ap-d-bpsS Imcyw.
Fn\pw GXn\pw Ah- c psS In-tev ]W-sam-gp-In-sbpp. aZy]m\- s a alm- h n- ] v Cs Xe- a p- d sb Imp Xnp-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv. Fs\- s bmw t_m[- h - c Ww \S-p-pthm AXn-s\-sbmw Imn ]dn Cs bph-Xe-apd aZy-ns D tXmg-cm-bnXon-cn-pp. ]pI-henpw aZy-ap-]-tbm-Knpw Ah X-fpsS kpc-amb PohnXw ]mgm-p-p. Pohn- X - nse Ghpw \ ImeL-n aZy-ns cpNnb- d nv Pohn- p Cs bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS bm{X AXoh tiw \nd- - X m- b n- c n- pw. Npn ]pI-bp hkvXp-hn-sn Xv Ftm Ipd-hp-Xm-bmWv Ah hnNm-cn-p-Xv. Fm bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS hnI-eamb Nn-I am{Xw bphm-fn kw`-hn-p A]-IS ac-Wn-tebpw aZy-]m-\hp-ambn _-
s-Xm-Wv. ab-p-acp-ns D]-tbm--Kanv Xgp hfn-cn-p-p. \psS bphX-eap-dsb-bmWv CnXv ssIamw sNm-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. - Cu hnt[-s\bpw ]nSn--s-Sp F{Xtbm bphm-n-fnpv. ab-pa-cpv Ipn-sh-bvm-\mbn Hsc kqNn-bmWv ]e-tmgpw D]-tbm-Knp-Xv. CXv FbvUvkv t]mep amcI tcmK-fpsS ]Ibvv Imc-Wam-Ip-p. hInSn \K-cfnse bphm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm- - hntZ-iv _p-P-\- , kzw \mn Bcpw \nb-{n-m-\n-. tPmen-bn-eqsS Inp ]Whpw hntZ-iv \np ]Whpw D]-tbmKnp Xom Ah Is-p am-fmWv aZyhpw ab-p-acp-pw. av A\m-imky {]h-\--fpw. ]Ww Nne-h-gn-m-\mbn Ah Is-p amw hfsc hnI-eam-bXp X-s. Cu hI kmlN-cy-fn s]v ]nSn-s-Sp F{Xtbm bphXo bphm-sf-bmWv \psS Zn\-]{X-fn-eqsS ImWm Ign-bp-Xv. kn\nabn ImWp-sXpw AXp AXp-t]mse {]mhn-Iam-p _pn-iq-\y-cmWv \psS bph-P-\-. Cs\-n-s-bpw, Iyq--dns-bpw. Sn.-hn.-bp-sSbpw apn Ah X-fpsS hne-tb-dnb kabw A\m-h-iy-ambn Nne-hn-Sp-p. A{I-a-n\pw A\o-Xnpw Iqp \nv hfp hcp bph-X-e-apd. \-bp-sS-Xmb Hcwiw Ah-cn Ism-\m-hp-n-. hcpw Zn-\--sf-p-dn-tm, X-fpsS `mhn-sb-p-dntm Nn-bn-m-h, Fpw ssI-em-m-\p- B{Klw am{X-ap--h, BZyw {]h\w ]ns Nnn- F\v\ XXzw kzoI-cn-n-cn-p-h, A\p-I-c-W-{`-a-n-\-Sn-s--h, Pohn-X-ns hne-tb-dnb \nan-j-p-dnv Nn-bn-m-h. Ch-sc-bm-amWv \ap-nv Zin-m Ignbp--Xv.
AXoh ZpxJ-I-c-amb Cu t]mn \nv bph-X-e-ap-dsb cn-m Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-pw Cs kaq-lnse \ hynXzap-hp am{Xsa km[n-q. Cu nXn-bn \nv bph-P\v - Hcp tamN-\-ap-m-Ip-hm \apv Bin-mw. {]mn-mw. Pzenp bphXzw Pbn-p P\m-[n-]Xyw sam-Wtm ]d-bm-dv. B Aibw \S-n hcp-m Fm bph-P\-p-am-Is A-Imcw - \nd Cu temI-n {]Im-ins s]mIn-cWfmbn {]tim- - `n-p-hm Hmtcm bph-{]-Xn-`bvpw km[n--s.
thcpI- 35
A\p-{io. ]n. Ist B.Com. A
GtXm Aim-amw \nio-Yn-\n-bn Rmt\mm kp-camw hZ\w GtXm Hcm--_w t]m Rm Im _mes\ F a\w s\mp-t]mbv F angn \nd-p-t]mbv ssZhta Fn\p \Io B Poh thZn-\n-p-hm-\mbv Rmt\mpp Ahs s\mcw, Rm\-dn--bpp B hni-n s\mcw sImSp-m-s\m-p-an-s Ic--fn Fnepw kvt\l-m XtemSn Rm\-hs\ B \nanjw Ip Rm t\smcp ]pncn am\p sXfn-bp ]q N{-s\-t]m kvt\l-n Dd-hnSw tXSn-bh Ftm Ae-bpp Cu `qap-Jv thZ\ \ndbpw _me-Imbv kvt\lw sImSp-m Bcpp ]mcn
thZ-\n-p _meyw
ZpxJnX
GIm-amw F PohnX tXmWn-bn Ap Rm Ismcp kvt\l [mc AI-emsX F a\-n \ndp \n Hcp ]q sX-embv B Hm-I Fp hcpw F {]mWs\ \o \nn-een-bm taml-ambv ....... Rm Ismcm \oen-abn F Poh Xmfamw \ntma-I Hcp kv]iw t]m \o hcp-tm Hcnfw sX F Ihn-fn XtemSn F tXmgs\ \o AIp t]mtbm F Hma-I iq\y-am-tbm.....
kpa-. Fw. ss^\ _n.-F. C-tWm-anIvkv
thcpI-
36
]bpw anbpw Fmw F\n-ss apn Bbn-cp-p. Fs Xmtem-en-m\pw IY-I ]dp Xcm\pw B aSn-bn Xe-sh-p-dm\pw Fs apn F\n-spw Iqm-bn-cp-p. s]s-mWv ]pdsmcp iw. Hcp Im hp. apn hmXn Xpdp AXm abpw ]-bpw. Rm ap-n-bpsS ssIn apdpIn ]nSn-p. Hcp ]p-`m-h-n Ah ap-nsb t\mn-bnv AIp Ibdn Fs-sb-Sp-p. B ssI he-b-n Ccp-tm F\nv izmkw app {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wp-mb-Xv. F-s\tbm Rm\-Xn \nv hnSp-hnv Xmsg-bn-dn ap-ntbmSv ]n-tp. an ]dp tamsf \ns sImp t]mIm\mWv Rm h-Xv. ] B A`n-{]m-bs A\p--Iq-env ]d-p. Cu ]g- PohnXw \n\v aSp-nt?. Fs ap-nsb hnv Rms\-tmpw hc-Wn-ym. ap-nsb Hp-IqSn ]n-tp sImv Rm ]d-p. ]dp Xocp--Xn\p apt Ah ap-nsb amn \nn Ftm ]d-p. Fn--hnsS \npw Cd-n-tm-bn. Ah
enkn A{_lmw
Plus- One Commerce
apn
Hcp IY tIm tXmp-p... Hcp Ipns IuXp- I - t msS.... B aSn-bn Xe Nmbvv ................ B IY-bn ebnp tNcm.... an- b p- s Sbpw ]- b p- s Sbpw kvt\lw F\n-spw A\y-ambn-cp-p. GtXm hntZ-item-Iv ]W-n\p thn s\tm-tam-Sp-h-cn cp t] am{X-am-bncpp Ah. Ah Xn ImWp-Xp Xs A]qw. Cu Xnc- n Xs aI- s f- s bmv Xmtem- e n- p- h mt\m Ah- t fmsSmv Ipdv kabw sNe-hgnp-hmt\m Ah kabw Ism-dn-. Ftmgpw t^m tImfp-I-fn am{Xw {in-p ]. en]vnn Nmbw \nd Npp-ItfmSv IqSnb an. Ch-sc-\n-spw Hcp t]Sn kz]v\w am{X-am-bn-cpp.
t]mbtm Fm- i z- k np sImv Rm ap- nsb t\mn. Atm ap-n-bpsS apJv Ftm kSw apn \nn-cp-p. Rm tNmZn-n-smpw apn ]d-n-. s]sv Xs app Hcp Im hp \np. ]pdsI Xs anbpw ]bpw Fsm-stbm ]dv ap-nsb Ah B hn-bn Ib-n. \n-lmbX \nd B t\mw Fs hmsX thZ-\n-np. B hn hr-k-Z-\-n \nv hXm-sW-s-\nv a\-n-embn. Rmt\mSn hnbpsS Acn-In-se-n. s]sv \o \J-fp B ssII Fs hf-p. B hn AI-ep-Xpw t\mn Rm hmhnp Ic-p.. ap-n....-ap--n... ap-n-bpsS Ip-I \ndp, B Npp-I hnXp-n. C\n Fm-sW-\nv B aSn-bn Xe Nmbvm Ign-bpI? B IY tIm km[n-pI? Hcp ]mh-t]mse Rm\npw an-bp-sSbpw ]-bp-sSbpw IqsS Pohnpp. Fs ap-n-tbbpw Imv.
thcpI-
B hn hr- k - Z - \ - n \nv hXm- s W- s - \ nv a\- n- e m- b n. Rmt\mSn hnbpsS Acn-In-se-n. s]sv \o \J- - f p B ssII Fs hf-p.
37
ADVT - 2
thcpI-
38
hn]Wn tUmv tImw!

hn]Wn kPo-hamWv a\p-jys Nn-Ipw kz]v\pw aosX -Icn-]n-Snv Pohn-X-n\pw hnbn\pw aosX hn]Wn kPo-hamWv kn sSp hn-gn-p ]mZ-cIpw - Pqln-N-hvf-bpsS tIi kwh[I hkvXp-pw a\pjy Ima-\-I-fpsS {]tXyI mfn Xo ]nSn hne-bmWv ]pcm-W-nse l\p-am\pw Ncn-{X-I-Y-bnse AIv_dpw Nm\-ep-I-fn bpw sNp-Xv tkmn\pw t^kv{Io-an\pw thn-bmWv {]Wb sshd-kp-I IS bph a\-p-I-fn \npw t\cns tiJcw ambv-s-n-cn-p Chn-sS..... sân-\nkw ^mj-\mWv kvt\lw Nmv dqap-I-fn-emWv kz]v\w Hcp kt]mtkUv t{]m{Km-amWv PohnXw Hcp ]-b-am-Wv. XI-s {]Xyb imkv{X--pdw NnbpsS Hml-cn-I Ipd hne-mWv hn-gn-bp-Xv Ncn-{X-ns CS-\m-gn-I-I-fn sImtfm-Wn-benkw ]pe-p--h tkv sNpI hn]Wn tUmv tImw...
jmln-\. kn
Ist B.A. History
thcpI-
39
IqSnImgvN
amKkn kanXn
ae-bmf lmky-n\v ]p `mh- \In Pb-cmPv hmcy

ae--bmf lmkym-hXcWn Xt-Xmb hyn-ap{Z ]Xn-nbmfmWv - - - {io Pb-cm-Phm-cy. Imcn-t- F- Iem-cq-]n-eqsS kaq-lnse v Xna-Is-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp- A-tlw Cv Iem-cw-Kv shn-Xn-fp Hcp \-{X-am-Wv. tIcfm \nb-a-k-`-bn BZy-ambn lmky-]cn-]mSn Ah-Xcn-np F _lp-aXn {io Pb-cmPv hmcyv kzw. -Pb-cmPv hmcy-cp-ambn amK-kn kanXn \S-nb A`n-ap-J-n-tev.
jnv \S-p-I-bm-bn-cn-p. Hcp Nn{X-Im-cs\ t]mse, Hcp in]n-sbt]mse Hv \psS {]Xn` sXfn- b n- p- I . CXv Hcp- ] t {Kqn\nm CXn\v ]nsbv hcn-. C-s\-bp Nn-bp-sS êambnmWv 1990-I-fn Imcnt XpS-p-Xv. Ctm 17hjam-bn. (2) Fn-s\-bmWv Hcp Imcn-t- cq]-s-Sp-Xv? CXn\p-thn Fs-nepw Xm-sd-Sp-p-I \S-m-dptm?
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(1) {io Pb-cmPv hmcy, Imcn-t cwK-t-p AbpsS {]th-i\spdnv ? \mS- I - c w- K p \nmWv Imcn-t--dn-tebvv hcp- - X v. Fp- h j- mew \mSI{]h\w \Sn an-hmdpw Fm {SqpIfpw ]ncn-pt]m-Ip kz`m-hw ImWnp-p. am{X-a H-bvv \nv {]Xn` sXfn-bn-m-\p thZn At\zl Ataz
Hcn--ep-an, ]ecpw CXn-s\--p-dnv Im-Sn-bn t\mn ]cn-ioe\w sNbvXpw -ho-Untbm Zriy--sf amXrI-bm-nbpw Xm-sd-Spv \S-p-p-shv ]d-bp-p. Rm Hcp apI-cp-Xepw sNm-dn-. Fs
thcpI-
40
a\-n cq]-sSpXv Rm\v Ah-X-cn-n-pw. hnP-bhpw ]cmPbhpw tPn shp Xs. (3)- Im-cn--t- F Iem-cq-]n-te-v hcm Xm-fpsS amZn Bcm-bn-cpp? Fm-bncnp CXn-\p {]tNm-Z\w?
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ssien-bn {]Xn-^-en-p- Im-Wp-p-m-hpw. sNdp-w- apXte Ccw Iemcq-] ImWm-\p kmyX Xrq t]mep kmwkvImcnI Pnbn IqSp-X-emWv. (5) -k-aq-l-nse ]e D-X-tcbpw Xm Xm-fpsS lmky-n\p IYm-]m-{X-am-n-bn-p-v. Fs-nepw Xnm-\p-`-h- Dm-bnptm?
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Imcn- t - F Bibw Ft- X p- X - s - b m- b n- c n- p- s hnepw CXn-\p-smcp {]tNm-Z\w tImgn- t m- p- I m- c - \ mb Pb- { ]Imiv Ipfq Bbn-cnpp. ]ns anan{In tIc-f-n Ipsdbmbn I- t m AXn\npw Fs- nepw hyXy- k v X - a mbn sNpI F-Xns ê-amWv
Hp-ap-m-bn-n, a\-n\p hnIm-kan-m-hmWv CsXmcp Ifnbm--em-bnp tXmp--Xv. Cp-cm-jv{Sob Iem-cw-K-p--h-scmw henb a\-p-Ip-SaIfm-Wv. ]ns Rm FsXs ]cn-l- - kn-n-mWv ]cn-]mSn XpS-p-I. Hcn-epw hnai\w sImv Hcp cmjv{So-b- ]mnpw thmv -Ip-d-n-n-, Hcp Ne-n{X Xmc-n\pw kn\n-a-bpw Ipd-n-n. (6) Cs cmjv{Sob Bt-]-lmkyw AXncpIS-p--Xmbn Xmv A`n-{]m-baptm? -
Ah-X-cn-n-p--h-cpsS kmwkv I m- c nI \ne- h m- c s B{i-bn-n-cnpw ]cn-]mSn AhX- c n- n- p- Xn\p]nnse in .\n-ehm-cap Iem-cq-]- fpw Iem-Im-camcpw Fpw Ncn-{X-n `mK-am-bn-cn-pw, Am-h Xnt]mIpw. - Imcn-t- Xnc-s-Sp-Xv. (4)- N m- I ymIq- ns ssien Xm-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-n hfsc-b[nIw {]Xn-ênp ImWp-pshv Nne A`n-{]m-bs]-Sp-p. CXn-s\-p-dnv?
l l Ah-X-cn-n-p--h-cpsS kmwkvIm-cnI \ne-hm-cs B{i-bn-ncnpw ]cn-]mSn Ah-Xcn-n-p-Xn\p]nnse in .\n-ehm-cap Iem-cq-]-fpw Iem-Im-camcpw Fpw Ncn-{X-n `mK-am-bn-cnpw, Am--h -Xnt]mIpw.
Rm NmIymIqv imkv{Xob- a mbn ]Sn- n- n- s - nepw HmXp- hfsc imkv{Xobambn ]Tn-bm-fm-Wv. ]ns NmIymIqv Iq-e- f nepw, hS- p- \ m- Y - t - { Xnepw Iv hf BfmbXp sImvkzm-`m-hn-Iambpw AXs -
(7) hntZ-i- t-Pvtjm-Ifn Ah-Xcn-n-p-tm-gmtWm AtXm tIcf-n Ah-X-cn-n-p-tm-gmtWm IqSp-X t{]mm-l\w InpXv?
l tIc-fn D AtX ImWn-I Xs-bmWv K^n-epw DXv. K^v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-ns ]Ip-Xn tIcf-n Xs-bm-Wv. ]ns IqSp-X t{]mm-l-\w- K^n\npw Inp-Xv Zriy-am[y-a--fn hcp--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. ChnsS D-h-]-d-n-tem, tImtfPntem Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-t\-m {]Nmcw K^v \mn-epv.
(8) Hcp Iem-Im-c\p-m-bn-cn-t Ghpw henb taa FmWv? thcpI- 41
]e-X-c-n-ep knn-bp--mI- W w. Fs ImgvN- ] m- S n Ghpw AXym-hiy-ambn thXv `mh-\-bm-Wv-F-mWv hnizm-kw. ]eXpw k]n- m Ign- b Ww. AXpt]mse hmb- \ mioew,kw- K o- X - t _m[w Fnhbpw ]pdw temI-s-Ip-dnv hy- a mb [mc- W - b p- m- b n- c nWw.
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c-amWv. \mSIw \Ss anIhp sImmWv \ne-\np-Xv, tPn AhX-cn-n-p-tm Xs êwInpw AhnsS dotS-p-Iv m\-an-. (11) Cs ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abvv kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p aqeyNy-Xnbvv Imc-W-sa-m-sW-mWv Xm Icp-Xp-Xv?
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(9)- kn\n-am--temI-hp-ambn AbpsS _w ?

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-kn-\na Hcp _lp-P-\- am-[y-a-amWv. AXp-sIm-pXs P-\-sf BIjn-m thn-sb-Sp-p kn\n-a-I-fmWv ]cm-P-b-s-Sp--Xv. ASq-cn-t-tbm, Sn.hn N{-stbm kn\n-aIfn Ahp ]dbm\p - Imc-y--fmWv Ah Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. P\--v thn {]Xn-`bn shw tNp-tm-gmWv kn-\n-a-I-fpsS \ne-hmcw Xmgp--Xv. Iem-Im-c apt HmSp-Ibpw P\- Iem-Im-c\p ]nn-ep-amWv th-Xv. (12) Cs dnbm-enn tjmI-fpsS AXn-{]-k-c-Ws Ipdnv?
Rm cp-aqp kn\n-a-I-fn A`n-\-bn-n-p-v. ]ns -kz--
Iem-aq-ey-ap kn\n-aI Cv aebm- f - n Cd- p- n. Fs BIjn-m ]p kn\n-aIv Ign- b p- n- . kmln- X yn \npw -In-p Bkzm-Z-\ns ]IpXn t]mepw Cskn\naI ImWm Ign-bp-n-. ]pXnb kn\n-am-Km-\-fpw aSp-pf-hm-ph Xs-bm-Wv. Cs kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-Iv AhcpsS Ign-hp-I D]-tbm-K-s-Spm Ah-kcw Inp-n-.
ambn Hcp sXmgn DXv sImv asmcp sXmgn tXSn t]mbn-. kn\n-abn A`n-\bn-mte IemIm- c - \ mhq Fsm- c p- nXn ]m-bn-cn-p. Ctm [mcmfw Zriyam-[y-a-fpw Ah-k-c--fpap- v. Cp XpS- - I m- p t]mepw hfsc {]i-kvXcm-hm Ah-k-c-ap-v, thZn-I-fpap.v (10) Hcp \S-s\-- \n-e-bn \mSI- t a- J - e- t bbpw kn\n- a m- c w- K tbpw Hp \ncq-]n-mtam? tPn A`n- \ - b n- phmWv IqSp- X Ignhp thXv kn\n-abn A`n-\bn-pXv asm-cm-fpsS \nti {]Iml l
dnbm-enn tjmI Nm\-ep-Iv ]Ww hmcm-\p Hcp X{-amWv. dnbm-enn tjmI-fn-eqsS Hcn-epw Hcp {]Xn` Dm-Ip-sav Rm Icp-Xp-n-. BZys super star Ifmb ]mp-Imcntm FhnsS? Atm dnbm-enn tjmI Fp-]-d-m D-Im-ev Ah \ne-\np-Ibpw ]ns thsd Bfp-I hcpw. Ime--tfmfw \ne\np Hcp {]Xn-`sb dnbm-enn tjmI-fn \npw \apv e`nn-. (13) Cv ae-bm-fnbvp kw`-hn-p- sIm-n-cn-p Ghpw henb Zpcw Fm-sW-mWv Xmp tXmp-Xv?
ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS Ghpw henb Zpcw Irjn Dt]-n--XmWv. \ shdp-samcp consumer state Bbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. Cv tIcf-n Pohn-p--Xp-sImv ]e `mKyhpw \apv \jvS-s]-Sp-pv. henb ^mIv-dn-bn _nkn-\v m]-\fpw hcp-n-. Fm CsXmpw sImp-h-cm Bcpw {ian-ppan. cmjv{Sob-ns AXn-{]-k-cw- aq-e-am-Wn-Xv.
l
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(14) hyXy Xc-n-ep kZns\ apgp-h ka-bhpw ]nSn-ncn-p Xm-fpsS a\x-imkv{X coXn-sb-p-dnv? AXv ssZh-ZamWv. AXn\v - {]tXyI a\-im-kv{X-sam-p-an. \ ]d- b p Imcy- - f ntebv v P\- sf ]nSn- n- c pp Xc-n-emWv ]cn-]m-Sn-I Nn-s-Sp-n-sb-Sp-p--Xv.
l
l C-s- lmkyw an-hmdpw hnb Ah--bm-Wv.-C-tm-gs lmky-ns \ne-hmcw hfsc timN-\o-bamWv. Cp ae-bm-fnse Ghpw anI lmky-Xm-c-amb PK-Xn-{io-Ip-am-dn\p t]mepw kn\n-aI ske-Ivo-hmbn FSp-m-Xp aqew {]`mhw an-sm-n-cnp-Ibm-Wv. A-lns lmkyw t]mepw ]s \ne-hm-cts-p-n-.
(17) Cs Iymw]kpw A-bpsS Imes Iymw]kpw Xnep amw Hp-hn-e-bn-cp-mtam? Rm F]-Xp-IfpsS Iym]wkv {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. Av Iem-eb- Ihn-X-I sImpw,-I-em-{]-h\w sImpw kPo-h-am-bncp-p. Cs Iymw]-kns \ndw Fhn-sS-sbm-stbm tNmp t]mhp-p. Iym]-p-I-fn-tev hopw PmXo-bX Xncn-p-h-cp-p. (18) Iymw]v cmjv{So-bs Ipdnv?
l l-
(15) ae-bm-fnse ]p kn\na-Itf-bpw, Km\-tfbpw Xm Fs\ hne-bn-cp-pp?
Rm F]- X p- I - f psS Iym]wkv {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. Av Iem- e - b - Ihn- X - I sImpw,- I - e m- { ]- h \w sImpw kPo- h - a m- b n- c p- p. Cs Iymw]-kns \ndw Fhn-sS-sbm-stbm tNmp t]mhp-p. Iym]-p-I-fn-tev hopw PmXo-bX Xncn-p-h-cpp.
l Iem-aq-ey-ap kn\n-aI Cv ae- b m- f - n Cd- p- n. Fs BIjn-m ]p kn\n-aIv Ign-bp-n-. kmlnXy-n \npw -In-p BkzmZ- \ - ns ]IpXn t]mepw Cs- kn\naI ImWm Ign-bp-n-. ]pXnb kn\n-am-Km-\fpw aSp-p-f-hm-ph Xsbm-Wv. Cs kwKoX kwhn[m-bIv Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-I D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Ah-kcw Inp-n-.
tImtf-Pv cm-jv{Sobw tami-am-sW-p A`n-{]m-b-an-. ImcWw ]mT-]p--I--fn ]Tn-p Imcy--fn CS-s]-Sm Iymw]kv cmjv{Sobw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. hncp Bi-b- Xn-ep kwL\w hyn-I-fn-tev hgn-am-dp-tm-gmWv Zpc--n\p Im-c-W-am-Ip-Xv. (19)- P o- h n- X s GXp coXn- b n t\mn- I m- W p Xz- N nbtbmSmWv Xm]cyw?
l Pohn-Xs hfsc eLp-hmbn t\mn-Im-W-Ww. Bo-b-X-bpsSbpw ùXn-I-X-bp-tSbpw CSbvv Xs-bmWv PohnXw thXv. ]cn-]qW-amb Bo-b-hm-Znbpw, ]cn-]qW ùXn-I-hm-Xnbpw ]cmP-bs-Spw.-]t- F-tmgpw apI-fn \np-Xv imkv{Xw Xsbm-Wv. AXns t\fmWv \mw A\p-`-hn-p--Xv. AXv a\p-jy ad-pp. `mKym-t\y-j-jn-I-fm-bXp sImmWv \ IqSp-X Bo-bXbpsS ]ndsI t]mIp-Xv - -
(20) bph-X-e-ap-dbvv Abvv \Im-\p ktiw?

l b ph- X - e - a p- d Ah- c psS hgn- b n Nnn- - s . Ah v icn- s bp tXmpXv Ah sNs. hn-Zym Yn-I \S-t-Xv B-hn-izm-kns ]mX-bn-em-h-Ww. sNp tPmen-I Xm]cytmsS sNbvXm PohnXs kp-cam-mw. -
(16)- \n-e-hn-ep kn\n-a-I-fnse lmkys Xm Fs\ hon-pp?

thcpI- 43
hoW
sk v _n.F. Cwojv
BZym--c-
Cv, Cu hnPbZian \mfn F Acpa aI X Ipnss ]nSn-cn-bn segp-Xn-b-th Hmp Rm\pw, ssIhn-cen ]nSn-s-- \ne-s-gp-Xn, Fs-cbn-, Nn{X-kam-\ambv - Rm ]Tn-s-Sp-m-Zym--c-sf Cp Rmt\mpp. F lr-S-n-enpw ine-t]m-ep-d-nSpw, IS-emkp Non-te-np {]fbw t]m \nK-fn-pam A-h-mb A-c-q--sf. apXp hj-p-d-sa--Fs ]Tn-n BZym-csf, - Cp-sa--cp-abvp ]Ip \Io-Sp-tm Ip-\p-dpp t]mse a\-n-te-s-nb BZym--c-p \n-tb-Ipp Rm! Hcp sh ]pe-cn-bn A-t\m-sSmp Rm hnZym-e-b-n ]Sn-I-bdn Ahn-sS-s-m-n-cp---cq-s, -Hcp sNdp ]pn-c-tbm-sS s\n-ten HSp-hn hnZym-e-b--Sn-I-fn-d-p-tm A-cq-sa an{X-fmb!v Cp Rm\-dn-bp-p, Acw am{X-sa A-cm-m-hn {]nb kplrv
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lrZ--b-_---fpsS sNdnb \qen-g-It]mepw \-s Cu bpK-n an \npw thcn-te-pw thcn \npw ac-n-te-p-ap Cg-I-fpsS sIp-d-ns ImTn\yw Cm-Xm-bn-cn-p-p. \o ImWp-I, Dh-en-p Ip ]Sp-Xn-cn-sb-t]m-ep thcns t\cntev Cd-n-sN-p-I.
thcpI-
45
thcpI-
46
apl-Zv Akvew.- Fw.

sk v _n.-F. Cwojv
Aq- XmSn-bpsS bm{Xm-Ip-dn-p-I

Nnw Hnse kp{]-`m-Xn kqcy-In-c-W--fpsS Xgp-I-tev Xs It]m-fI ]mXn-ab- n \npw Db-cp-tm ]qf-ac-nse sImp Aq- XmSn Hcm-bncw kz]v\ s\p-Ibmbn- c p- p. Ign cm{Xn- b nse kpJ \n{Z-bn Xm I B at\m- l - c - a mb kz]v \ - ns kmm- X v I m- c - n- \ mbv Fp hne \Im\pw B Cfw a\v Xm-dm-bn-cp-p. sXm-b-es Nn- b n Ae- k - a mbn InS- ncp Nn{X- i - e - ` - t mSv Xs kz]v \ - s - I p- d nv hnh- c n- ptm Aq- XmSn-bpsS apJw ktmjw sImpw, kqcys s]mIn-c-W--sImpw tim`n--n-cp-p. sNdnb Hcpc-Yntedn Cu at\m-l-c-amb temIw Npn--d-p hnh-c-W-s-p-dnv tI-tm Akqb Dn Dm-sb-nepw AXp ]pd-tv ImWnmsX Hcp sNdnb ]pncn apJv LSn-nv Nn{X-ie`w AtX InSp XpSp. Xs arZp-e-amb tcma-n-S-bn-eqsS BIm-i-n-tep t\mn-btm {]-XrXn Fm `mhp--I-fpw Xs bm{Xbvp t\cp--Xmbn Aq- XmSnp tXmn. C\n kabw If--bp-Xv apgp hnUvVn-am-bn-cn-p-sav Nnn Aq- XmSn Hcp Cfw Imn-s\bpw {]Xonv kk-tm-j-tmsS ac-sm-n-en-cp-p. Xs t\ tcmasf at\m-l-c-ambn HXpn shbvp--Xn-\n-S-bn Hcp Cfw Imv ]Xnsb ac-n--bn-tev hp. B Cfw Imn Ah hm-bp-hn-tep-b-tm ac-n-bn Ae-kambn Dd-p Nn{X-ie`s ]p- `m-htmsS Hp-IqSn t\mn Ip. Xs kl-bm-{X-I\mb Cfw Imp-ambn Ipi-em-t\zm-jWfn apgp- - Ip--Xn-\n-S-bn Ip-\m-S hb-tee-Ip apI-fn Fn-s-Xv Aq- XmSn Adn-n-cp-n-. tIc-fns s\-dbmWo ImWp hb-tee-I-sfpw, sFiz-cy-ns hnf-\n-e--fm-bn-cp-n-h-sbpw Imv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. Ime-ns Ipsm-g-pn B hb-te-eIv amkw`-hn--Xmbn Ahp a\-n-em-m-\m-bn. Cv ]e hb-tee-I-fnepw BImiw app sIn-S- t\mn ImWp Ij-Is at\m-th-Z\ Bcp-a-dn-n-n-s-nepw Aq- XmSnv Adn-bm km[n-p. IjI IpSn-ep-I-fpsS D-c- ]eXpw Bl-Xy-p D]-I-c-W--fm-bn-cn-p-I-bpw,-AtX D-c-n Xs sIn-bn-cn-p sXmn-en \nv ]ntm-a-\-I `-W-n-\mbv B-ep Ic-bp-Xpw B bm{X-nI-cpsS a\v hnd-en-np. Ij cm-ZuXyw Fs-Spv AXn-eqsS hfp hs al-mb ]mc-cy-ap Cs ]e cm{ob ]mn-Ifp-sSbpw t\Xm- ]s thcpI-
IjI IpSn-ep-I-fpsS D-c- ]eXpw B-l-Xy-p D]-I-c-W-fm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw,-AtX D-cn Xs sIn-bn-cn-p sXmn-en \nv ]ntm-a-\-I `-W-n\mbv B-ep Ic-bp-Xpw B bm{X-nI-cpsS a\v hnd-en-np. -
47
Hcp ]pg-bpsS Ir{Xn-a-am-bX-m Hscm-gpv ImWm Ign-n-snepw hb-em- d ns Ihn-X - bpsS Hgpv Cpw \nK-f-ambn XpS-cp-Xmbn Aq- XmSnp ImWm Ign-p.
Ah-cpsS ]mn Hmô-kp-Ifnse kpJ ioX-f-Om-b-bn BI jI \ne-hn-fn-I tIm-Xv Fp sImm-sWv Aq- XmSn tNmZnp t]mbn. CXn-s\-map- ] - c n- b mbn P\- t k- h - \ - a mWv X- f psS ey- s av tLmctLmcw {]kw-Knp sImn-cnp Fm cmjv{Sob ]mnIfpw lm-ep-Ipw _p Ipw thn a-cn-p-Xv Aq- XmSn-bn Aaj-hpw, shdppw Dm-n-sb-Sp-p. ssZh-ns kzw \mn-eqsS Xs-bmtWm X-fpsS bm{Xsbv Ah kwi-bn-p. a\pjyXzw ac- h n ae- b m- f n- I Fn- s \m- s tbm thn ss]Xr- I - a mbn e`n PohnX ssien amp- - s X- n- s \ tNmZyw Imn- \ p- m- s b- nepw ZpxJn-n-cn-p Iqp-Im-c-t\mSv tNmZn-m Ah\p tXmn-bn-. hntZi ]Ww sImv [qSnp Pohn- p ae- b m- f n- I [mnI aqey-v Pohn-Xn m\w \Ip- h m {]bmks-Sp ImgvN Ah-cn IuXp- I - a p- W n. Itmf kwkvIm-c-hpw, km{am-Py-Xzhpw Imp Xnp ae-bm-fn-Isf Bcv? Fs\? cn-p-sa DXvIWvT Ah Xn ]p-shp. Al--bp ae-bm-fn-I Xs-bmWv CXn\p Imc-W-mscv Ah Is-n. ap-hsc ae-bm-fn-I A\p-I-cn-ptmgpw Ah Xsf A\p-Icn- p- p- s hat\m- ` mhw B
bm{Xn-I-cn Hcp ]cn-lm-k-n-cn-bp-Wn. Imcy- ]Tn-n-t aX kwLS\I-fpsS A\n-b{n-Xamb hf Ahsc A-cn-p. k-aXfpw Hm-sWv ]d {io \mcm-bW Kpcp-hns A\p- bm-bn-I t]mepw kzw PmXn-bpsS t]cn Nnn-p-Ibpw kwLS-\I Dm-n-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv Fn-\m-sWv AqXmSn ]ndp-]n-dp-p. sI. tIf-, F.-sI.-Pn, hw aue-hn, hnP-b amjv XpS-nb kmwkvIm-cnI k--cpsS Imm-Sp-I sImv [\y-amb Cu ans Cs kmwkvIm-cnI \ne GXv Xe-n-emWv Fntn-p-Xv Fv Nnn-p-hm B bm{Xn-Isc t{]cn-n-p. \mtSmSn kv{XoIsf \-cmbn \Sp-tdm-n ]oUn-np ckn-p a\pjy-tm-e-fpw, ]-nI-fpsSb{X-t]mepw hne-I]n-msX ]ntma-\-Isf Ah-K-Wn-p cnXm-fpw, \nb-a-]m-e-Is\ ASnp sImp hnZymn-Iq---fpw, F-s\-bmWv Cuan Xgp hf-sXv Ah ZpxJ-tmsS Nnn-p-t]m-bn. Xs-bm{X C{X ZpcnX ]q-am-bn-o-Xn-ep \ncmi Aq- XmSnp adp shbvm Ign-bm-Xp aqew ASpp I Hcp Ba-cn hn{ian-m-\mbn sas-bn-d-n. kwLj-`-cn-X-amb Xs a\-n\v Bizmk-ambn FhnsS \ntm Hcp Km\w Hgp-In-sb-p-Xmbn Aq- XmSnv A\p-`hs-p. k{iw AXp {in-tm hb-em-dns `mh- \-bn hncn Cuc-Sn-I-fm-W-sXv a\-n-em-bn. Xs bm{X-bn Hcp ]pg-bpsS Ir{Xn-aam-bX-m Hscm-gpv ImWm Ign-n-snepw hb-em-dns Ihn-X-bpsS Hgpv Cpw \nK-f-ambn XpS-cp-Xmbn Aq- XmSnp ImWm Ign-p. `mjm ss]XrIw sImv k-amb ae-bm-fs ]e hnt[\ t\mhnp ImgvN `mjm kvt\ln-Ifmb B bm{X-msc ZpxJn-Xcm-n. Cv GXv Zriy-am-[yaw Xpd-mepw almb a-e-bmf `mjsb hnIe-am-p kwkmcfpw, t^m hnfn-I-fpw, imco-cnI `mjIfpw ae-bmf kwkvImcn\p t\sc t\mn sIm\w Ipp-Xmbn Ahv ImWm Ign-p. BZy-Im-ev tIc-fn hf-sc-b[nIw {]mNmcw t\Sn-bn-cp t{X-I-e-I Cv t{Xm--W--fn t]mepw ImWm I-gn-bp-n-. tIc-fns X\-Xmb Iem-cq-]amb tamln-\n-bmw Cv kn\n-am-nIv Umkp-Ipw apw hgn-am-dn-bn-cnp-Xpw Xmf-n-\\p-kcnv sImp H-\bpw tambnIpn sshZycpsS C-am amn-fm-p-Ifpw B[p-\nI Xe-apd ]pnp Xp Img-N-Ifpw Ahv \n-l-cmbn t\mn \n-mt\ Ign-p-q. C\n Zpcn-X-fpw Zpc--fpw ImWm Xs a-\-n\v in-bn-spw, Cu bm{X ChnsS Ah-km-\n-n-m-sapw hfsc \ncm-itbmsS Aq- XmSn Imn-t\mSv A`n-{]m-bs-p.- Hcp Iqw kz]v\fp- ambn bm{X-n-dn Ah-km\w Zpc-- am{Xw ImWm hn[n-s Xs Xs Hcp \nanjw Aq- XmSn i]np t]mbn. Xncnp ]qf-a-c-n sNn-d-p-tm kpJ-ambn In-S-p-d-p Nn{X-i-e`s Akq-btbmsS Aq- XmSn Ipdp t\cw t\mn \n-p. ]ns B ac-n-bn hnp a\--p-ambn InS-p-tm C\n-sbnepw C-s\-bp kz]v\- ImWn--cp-sXv Bm-ambn ssZh-tmSv {]mn-p-sImv Ip-IfSp ]nSnv Hcp sNdnb ab- -n-tev Aq- XmSn {]th-in-p.
thcpI-
48
Ime-n-s\mv
IY amdp Pohn-X-n hgn-am-dptam? Bbp-n h-\hv Nncn XqInb ]qapJv Zni-am-p-tam ZpxJ-n kv]iw ktm-j-amb Pohn-X-n KXn--am-dptam hncm-a-amb PohX kpJw ku`m-Ky-ambn A\p-`q-Xn-bn Xn-am-ptam a\-n hotcm-at\m-`mhw hnizm-kamb aX-n ssNX\yw XIptam Ahn-izm-k-m Nncn-bn-e-S-nb kulm-`qan a\w amdptam {]Ir-Xn-tm-]-m ASp-p kmtlm-Z-cy-n aq acn-ptam Aan-Xm-th-i-m shfnw hoip kqcys Zni sImv amdptam a\p-jys `nm-`n-{]mbw hp tN {]W-bm-th-i-m ad-ptam \ Bm-`n-am\w
apl-Zv jôJv ]n.Sn ss^\ _n.-_n.F

thcpI- 49
ADVT - 3
thcpI-
50
Economics Dept.
Free market Economy and Socialism : Incompatible Friends?

Socialism, as a socio-economic creed, became the defining doctrine of slate action in post Independent India. Socialism as a doctrine of state intervention was ingrained in the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) of our constitution. The era of socialism started in India with the declared objective of state intervention infavour of the poor, weaker and disadvantaged sections of Indian society. The socialist slogan set the tone and tenor of Indias economic policies and various popular state sponsored programmes. The 1960 as and 70s saw spart in socialistic measures eg. Nationalization of banks, coalmines etc. But with the onset of the decade of 1980s the first waves of free market economy started hitting India shores and the 1990 s witnessed a bold, new era in India economy characterized by economic reforms. These reforms were to be based on structural changes in the economy, allowing a free play of market forces withdrawal of government involvement in many sectors of the economy and finally, liberalization of the economy as a whole. There are very pertinent questions which deserve convineing answers. Can both socialism and freemarket economy coexist ? Are they both compatible with each other? Before wer enter into a socialism V/S free market debate it would be appropriate here to attempt a proper understanding of these two terms. As regards socialism, there is no single definition possible to describe the term. It is an umbrella term under which various brands of socialism get subsumed. The Indian socialism is an omnibus of Fabian, democratic and Gandhian socialisms. Nehru, the main architect of independent India, was inspired by the Soviet Russias experiments with Socialism, but never advocated Marxian Socialism. Thus socialism in India, far from being a dogmatie straijacketed doctrine, became a practical guide to existing problems. Indian Economy was shielded from foreign conception in the name of Protection, Yet another step towards socialism was the pro-poor programmes of government. It included redistribution of land through land reforms various anti - poverty programmes, special measures taken for the disadvantaged groups especially SC and STs. Bold decisions were taken to break our obsession with the past and redeploy our economic strategies. Words like delicensing deregulation, disinvestment, liberalization, FDI, FII, market reforms, indicative planning found entries our economic dictionary. The social sector is even now completely under the government which give lots of manoevuring capacity to the government to act for the welfare of the people. There is no dichotomy between economic reforms and socialism. Infact, both free market and socialism can be harmonized through a fine balance. The success of market reforms in India is not to be judged in terms of putting our economy on a faster growth projective. Whatever game`s our liberalization efforts have accrued so far have not trickled or percolated down to all sections of our society evely. Only a part of India, largely urban India has been shining. The rural India where the bulk of population lives, is by and large untouched by economic reforms. Basic facilities like irrigation, health, education are in state of shambles. Rural unemployment is rampant and the rural population is migrating to metro cities insearch of livelihood. The Mahalnobis model of development which was predicated on the belief that economic growth would have an automatic Trickles down effect on all sections of society proved wrong No doubt economic reforms will make a positive impact on our poor also. What India needs today is a synthesis of the best of both. Free market economy should be given a free play to make our economy globally competitive. But, at the sametime, there should be a distributive justice regime under which the fruits gained in the process are evenly distributed. thcpI- 51
Zo\ Ipcy
^v _n.F Cwo-jv
-Hcp ]nSn B{K-l-

an ]nd-Xmw aXy-\n-se-pta B{Klw am{Xsa Iqn-\pq B{Klw Xnse Aw Adn-bmsX B{K-ltm-SnXm ]mn-Sp-t B{Klw a-y-\n I-jw Iqp Imc-W-am-sWv km[p-fpw Fm-se-tmpI B{Klw If-bpI Fp-tm-cm-{K-lhpw B{K-lamw Fp-n ImWp B{Klw Fpta km^-ey-am-Ip-sa-m-c-dnp B{Klw Iqp-hm Xp-cm Xtmcp \nt] ]m{Xtam F a\v ays B{Klw kz]v\ am{X-ambv \npp Fp-sam-Sn-SmsX aym \o HmpI Wn-Iao PohnXw ]qsh--t]m s]men-n-Sp-ao-bp-e-In Fm \ma-dn-bpI ay \o tmWn-bn Bibvv hgn \Ipw Ht-bpq kI-te-i X Xncp-ap-]n-e-W-bp-hm hgn-sbmp t\SpI Imcy-ama-Xv.
thcpI-
52
\kvdo. ]n.
sk v _n. F. Cwojv
slm! ka-b-an-sm-n\pw
sIme-]m-XI, B-l-Xy-I, B{I-a-, A]-I-S- Fmw s]cp-Ip-p. Fhn-sSbpw A[mn-IX Xs A-gn-m-Spp. hnh-c-an-m--h hnh-c-ap--h-sc-m ap-Wn-bn-se-p-p. ]Wm-[n-]Xyw hn-p-I-bpw-hn-Zym-[n-]Xyw Xnc-kvI-cn--s-SpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Fm-hpw Adn-bm-hp Fm-hcpw ]dbp k-Xn-p ]-bm-sbmcp kXyw. Fv sImn-ns\ F tNmZy-n\p {]k-n-bn-. ]Wn\p th-nbpw arKo-b-X-bpsS t]cnepw sIme-]m-X-I- \S-p-p. B{I-a-W- h[n-p-p. A{i-bpw APm-{K-Xbpw ktm-]cn \nb-afpsS ]gp-Xp-Ifpw A]-ISfpw X^-eambn - - Iq-a-c-W-fpw kw`-hn-m-\n-S-bm-Ip-p.
thcpI- 53
CsXmpw Cv Bscbpw kv]in-msX ISp t]mIp \nmc kw`-h--fmbn amdn-bn-cnp-p. Bpw ka-ban-. Fmhcpw [rXn-bnepw Xn-cn-ep-am-Wv. aX t\Xm--fm-bmepw kmaqly kmwkv I m- c n- I - \ m- b - I am- c mbmepw Ahv ka- b - a n- . cmjv{S tkh-\ns Xnc-n-emtW- h - c pw. ]ns Bm- W nhnsS ka-b-ap-Xv? \nv ka-baptm? F\n-ptm? \apptm? C Bpw ka-b-an. kabw Fhn- s S- t ]mbn F tNmZy-ns `mKn-Iamb D-camWv XpS- - n ]d- - X v . cm{ tkh- \ - ns Xnc- nemWv ]e-cpw. Iptd t] ap ]e Xnc-n-epw. Cu ka-b-an-m-bvabpsS {]iv\ s Dn-bpcn-p-tmse Dcnm Hpw InmsX hcpw. ]nsmv Xncv ? bYmn ka-ban-m-bvab {]iv\w. ka-bs icnbmb coXn-bn D]- t bm- K - s - S p- m- b v I - b m- W v . Ccp-]n-\mep aWn-q-dp Hcp Znh-ks \msa-s\ hn\n-tbmKn-pp Fv Nnnp t\mWw, Cse F Hcp Znhkw \mw ]nn-tm. Cu Znh-kn \m-sa-mWv sNbvXXv? F-s\bmWv Cu Znh-ks \mw Nneh-gn-Xv? Fm hpw A\p-hZn-p-In-n-bn-cn-p-Xv 24 aWn-q Xs ]e \ Imcyfpw
sNm \nmsX aWn-q-dp-Isf ]mgm-n-bh F{X t]cmWv? Ae-k-ambn Dd-n-I-gn--h F{X-bmWv? Ipippw Ip-\p-p-ambn \S-h-sc-{X-bmWv? Gj-Wnbpw òj-Wn-bp-ambn Ign-p-q-n-b-h-sc-{XbmWv? Ah-cp-sS-sbms kabw ]mgm-hp-Ibm-bn-cp-nt? t_mws_-dn-bm\pw shSn-bp--I-fp-Xnm\pw kl-Po-hn-Isf sh-n\p-dpnsmm\pw Is-nb ka-bn\v Fv al-Xz-amWv I]nm-\p-Xv? _em-w-Khpw ]nSn-p-]-dnbpw sImbpw sImnshbv]pw \S-p-Xv Znh-k-n A\p-h-Znp Innb aWn-q-dp-I IS-sa-Sp-t? CXn-s\ms ka-b-ap-s-n ]ns ka-b-an-sp ]d-bp--Xn-sew? Hcp a-\-jys\ ]--tbmsS shn \pdp-n-sm-m F{X kabw thW-sa-nepw ]mgm-m Nnev Hcp aSn-bp-an-. A\m-imky {]h-\-v thn Dgdn \S-m F{X aWn-q thW-sanepw sNe-hn-Sm Nnesmcp ktm-N-hp-an-. ]c-Zq-j-W-hp-ambn Ignp IqSm Nnesmcp {]bm-khp-an-. As\ amn-sh-s-Sp aWn-q-dp-Ip Hcp hne-bp-an-.
]ns-s\ ka-ban-m-bvasb ]cm-Xn-bp-ambn \mw apn-n-dpp? CXn-s\ms ka-b-ap-s-n kvt\ln-m\pw bYm tkh\w \S-m-\p-am-Wtm ka-b-an-m-Xv! \ymbo-I-c-W-aln-m-smcp Hfn-tm--am-bnt CXns\ ImWm-\m-hq. Pohn-X-n Hcp m\nwKv thWw. Nnbpw \njvTbpw thWw. AXpm-bm-b ka-b-ap-mIpw. Dm-Ip-sa--, ap ]e-Xn\pw kabw _mn-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.
ka-bhpw Imehpw Bp-th--nbpw Imp \np-n-spw km[m-c-W-bmbn ]d-bm-dp--tm. B hkvXpX \mw Dsm--Ww. sImgn-p hogp Hmtcm hn\m-gn-Ibpw \apv \-am-Ip ka-bamWv. ChnsS P\np hogp tijw Pohn-m A\p-h-Zn--s n]vXhpw IWn-i-hp-am-sbm-cp-k-a-b-]-cn-[n-bp-v. Cpdw P\-\-am-sWn Apdw ac-W-am-Wv. Hcp \nanjw sImgnp hoWm ac-Wtm-sSmcp \nanjw ASpp Fw. CsX-gpXn Ign-tm A{Xbpw kabw F\np Xcnp Inm hn[w \-am-bn. CXp hmbnp Ign-tmgm-Is A{Xbpw kabw \npw \-am-bn. ka-ban-s ]cn-tZ-h\n\v hne-bn. D kabw A\p-hZn-s - kabw bmtYm-NnXw hoXnp hn\-tbm-Kn-p-Ibm-Wm-hm-iyw. As\ Nnn-m-hcpw {]hnm-hcpw Hpw t\Sm-hcm-bn-ocp - p. Hcp a\p-jy F{X Imew Pohnp F-Xn-\ A{Xbpw Imew Fs\ Pohnp F-Xn-\mWv {]k-IvXn. \psS Iem-ebw ka-bn\v hfsc {]m[m\yw \Ip- - X n- \ m \smcp Xe- a p- d sb hms-Sp-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
Cu Znh-kn \m-sa-mWv sNbvXXv? F-s\-bmWv Cu Znh-ks \mw Nne-h-gn-Xv? Fm hpw A\p-hZn-p-In-n-bn-cn-p-Xv 24 aWnq Xs ]e \ Imcyfpw sNm \nmsX aWn-q-dp-Isf ]mgm-n-bh F{X t]cmWv? -
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Shabna IInd B.A. Eng
Letters
Letters in the letter box Endless letters with endlesContents of sorrow or happiness But none speaking to each other Lonely oh! lonely Waiting to reach the destination What is this way of togetherness? None sharing a word or two Are we like those letters in The letter box?
Sparrow
A sparrow came flying roaming, She felt weary, seeking for her nest Tired then, sat on the burned Branch of a tree And began to thinkDid any human being come In this jungle today?
Translated from Hindi Poem thcpI- 55
Hcp D-ns hnhn[ \nm-W- hn-X-c-W -L---fn Iq-n tN-s]-Sp- aqeyh[\-hmW v aqey-hn-X- \n-Ip-Xn (-hm-v)-.DZm: Hcp -]m-{X -\nm-Xmhv 40-tIm-Sn -aq-ey-ap-- kvd-do hm-p-I-bpw 60tIm-Sn -aq-eyw -I]np-- ]m-{X- \nan-m- B- \nam-Xm-hns \nb-{-W-n h-cp-- D]m-Z-\- {]-{In-b-bn 20 tImSn- cq-]-bp-sS aq-ey-h-\-hp-m-bn. - ChnsS, \nam-Xm-hv 20 -tIm-Sn-m-Wv \n-Ip-Xn\tI--Xv. Fm o-en-s- b-Ym -hn-e-bm-b 40-tIm-Sn-bp-sS \n-IpXnbnf-hn\v hu- k-an--Ww. AXn-\m hm- v\n-Ip-Xn sh-n- X-S-bp-Xn-\pw -\n-IpXnpta \n-Ip-Xn- D-m-Im-Xn-cn-p-Xn-\pw, D]-t`m-m-hv \Ip- -\n-Ip-Xn -km-cn-\p -X-s -e-`npw F- Kp-W-hpw -C-Xn-\p-v. temI- hym-]m-c- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS-bpw- temI- _m-n-t-bpw -\ntZ-isf ]n-p-SmWv AwK-cm-Py- aqey-hn-X- \n-Ip-Xn-k-{-Zm-bw- Aw-Ko-Icnp-Xv. Fgp-]-tXm-fw -cmPy--fn- Cu- k-{-Zm-bw- \-S-n-em-n-bnpv. ssjPn. kn _n.-F. CI--tWm-anIvkv \nIp-Xn- \n-c-p-I-fn- H-cp -h-\-hp-m-hp-- ]-w -Ctmg-s_-lp-\ne \n-Ip-Xn- k-{-Zm-bhp-am-bn Xm-cXay-s]-Sp-ptm cm-jv{S- n-s -d-h-\yq-I -D-bp--Xn-\pff H-cp -D-d-- A-Sn-m-\w -hm-v \Ip-p. Cu k-{-Zm-b-n Io-gn -H-cp -m-]-\-n-s- \n-Ip-Xn _myX- I-W-s-SppI -h-f-sc-tb-sd -F-fp--am-Wv. m]-\- k-an-p-- h-c-hp- sN-e-hp- I-W-p-I -F-Xn]cn-tim-[-\ (cross checking) -\-S-p--Xn-\v Iq-Sp-X km-y-X-I-fp-v. hmn-s- D-]-tbmKw- H-cp -cm-Py-n-s\- A-Xn-s- I-b-p-a-Xn- t{]mm-ln-n-p--Xn k-lm-bn-p-p. Dev]--p-- tNm-Z-\-s- \n-b-{n-p--Xn\p H-cp \ D]IcWam-W vCu \n-IpXn. sam-n Ctm-gs - - - - - - - GI-apJ hn]\ \nIp-Xn-tb-m ]mK-a\ kz`mhw Ipd-XmWv hmv. hn]\ \nIpXn ]cn-jvIcn-p-Xn-\mbn 1995 Cy-bnse {]apJ kwm-\--fnse [\-a-{n-am Hcp In cq]o-I-cn-p. hmn-tep Nph-Sp-am-dm Fm-kw-m-\-p-ap Ah-km-\- Xn-b-Xn-bm-bn 2001 In \n-bn-n-cp-p. Fm B Ah-km-\- Xn-b-XnbpsS Hcphjn\p apt Xs hmn-te-p ]mX-bn ]cm-P-bm-\p-`-h NnXdnnS-n-cpp. 2000- amn hmv hen-s-dn-bp Ghpw HSp-hn-es kwm-\-ambn alm-cm-jv{S. t\cs B{m-{]-tZipw tIc-fhpw B \nIpXn ]nh-env hn]\ \nIp-Xn-bn-tev Xncn-sn-bn-cn-p. hmv 1996 \-S-n h-cp-p-sav {]Jym]n-n-cp-- X-angv\mSv AXv kw-m-\v \S-n sImph-cp--Xv hy]m-cn-I-fn \np sNdp-p-\n]p t\cn--Xns\ XpSv cp-hw \on-shbvp-I-bp-mbn. H-\-h[n sa--fn-tev \bn-tpw hmns kzoImcyw F-Xn kwi-b-an-. ]tcm- \nIpXn-I-fpsS aWvU-e-n Hscm-- \nIpXnb[n-Ir-X-cp-ambn CS-s]-SpI Fp hym]m-c, hyh-kmb temI-ns- A-`n-em-jhpw hmv \nd-th-pw. Cy-bn-se- P\v hmv {]IS-ambpw Hcm-IjI t{kmX-m-Wv.
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aqey-hn-X\n-IpXn
hn]n.kn
IInd B.A. English.
aS--bm{X
C\n Fn-te-bv-Sp-pI \ns kvt\lw NSp-eXtbm-sS-n ]SpI - Imcp-Wy-n Ic--fm Fs XtemSpI CS--dp kzc-tmsS F\n-mbv tIgpI ]-amwkw Pohn-X-e-yam-nb ImSns Ipdp-\-cn-I Fs th ]ncn-bpp sXpw `b-t \n [oc-Xsb {hW-s-Sp-m t]m K-\--fn-n-n-hn-sS, kXz--fn Nncn-p-, Nn \-s arK--fp-an \n`-btmsS Imep-I sXmsX C\n \o ASp-pI \n\-mbv Iqn\v Cu s]p ag-bpv ag-bpsS Ipfn-cnse I\-hpv F Nn-bnse XWp--p-d {]Xo--bpv ]ns ]pgp- t]mepw ad-n-p-t]mb kv]i-\--f-dn-bm F amwk-]-n-apv cmbv ]ncnp ambm-\m-sW-nepw C\n \o Nen-pI F-cn-In-te-mbv C\n \ns Iqn-\mbv tIgn-, Ign-bn F ico-cw IqSp-X XWp-pp s\n sIn\n Ah-km\ NqSpw A\y-am-Ipp C\n-abambv Hcp ]n\p Iogbmbv - - DWcm Dd-ambv C\n \o Adn-bpI Rm Fn \n-Iepp F NnX-bpsS NqtS-n-s-nepw \n XWp--I-pI B Cfw NqSn \o s\bvsX-Sppw \n I\-hp-Ifpw
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lcn. sI
tX-Uv. _n.-F-kv. kn (amXvkv)
]-]n-Sn s\sN-Sn-Ifpw Iqw Iq-ambn Ccn-p X-Ifpw aqSapw ]Sn-p-c-bn \npw Ap t\mn-smt \np. XWpv ]c-hi\mbn \np Ap-hns apJv Cf-wsh-bn-ens - Xpf-p {]Imiw ]Xn--bp-Ss\ Ah Ip Npfn-p. s\-Xn sImn s]dp-m Fnb X-Isf t\mn Is-Sp-msX \np Ap GtXm amkvac temIv ]q-ambpw AI-s-n-cnp-p. jn-SmsX \np Ahs icocw XWpv hndv \nptmgpw Ah-\-sXmpw {in-pt C. ap-sIm-msX CSv t]mcvtm? Aphns A hnfnp ]d-p. Ap tI-]msS tImem-bn-te-tmSn . Idpv Imhn-bn tImembn Xn-bn XWp-p-Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cp-p. Fm Aq XWvvWvtm? ap-s tNmZyw Ah-\n IqSp-X XWp-p-f-hm-n. Ipd-sm-s, XmSn-bn-Snv Ap ]d-p. Aphns apJv Ftm ]cn{`mn Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah \mep `mKhpw t\mn. tKmhn-t- Cu cmhnse Fn sXmSn-Ifpw aphpw
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KpcpXn
Ahy-amb hmp-I Ap {im]qw DsIm- p- t mgpw Aphns a\-n Hcp t]Sn hf-cp-pm-bn-cp-p. Hcp Xcw `b-tm-sS,Ipw angnv {inp tIp Ap-hns apJw
Fmw hrn-bm-p-Xv Iv Ap Duln- p. Cstm Dhw Xs-bm-Wn-hn-sS. am{Xhp-a Ihp-n XSn-I shn ]epw Cn-cn-p-p. XSp-n CS-bn-eqsS Fp Cf-sh-bn Aq CSw Inp kqnp t\mn. Fm-bn-cnpw! hy-\pw, Am-bn-am-cpw, G-n-amcpw Fn-bn-p-v. Xd-hm-nse Fmhcpw Fn. ap-nsb In-cps-n F-m-sWv tNmZn-mam-bn-cp-p. Nmcp-Itk-cbn ]qapJv InS- p ap- - t \mSv tNmZn-m Ah\p t]Sn-bn-. ]s Bfp- I Ipsd t] kwkm- c n- - c n- p- p- n- h n- s S. A- t bmSv tNmZn- m apnsb ImWmw. Ah ASp--fbn-te-tm-Sn. CS-\m-gn-bn shne- s - - h p- a m- b n- c n- p apnsb I ]msS Ah\pw AhnsS Ccn-p-d-n-p. Ap-Ip- Ipfn-nt? ap-n-bpsS tNmZy-n\p Ap Xe-Ip-epn Fm apn ChnsS? AtXm, Chn-sS-sbmcp ]qP-bm-Sm, Fp ]qP? Ahy-am-bm-sW-nepw apn Hcp hip \npw IY ]dp XpSn Hcp hi- t v hnc Nqn apn tNmZn-p. AsX-m-sW--dntbm Aq\v?
av, Ap kzcw Xmgvn ]d-p. AXn-se-m-sW--dntbm Aq\v? C, Ap hopw ]Xps ]d-p. an-\p-n \-psS Xd-hmp tZhX IpSn-bn-cn-p-p. Bcm apn Cu ssZhw? \p-sS-sb-m-h-cp-sSbpw Ipe-tZ-hX IpSn-bn-cn-p--Xm-W-hn-sS. `ntbmsS {]mn-m tZhn \apv A\p-{K-lhpw kpw {]Zm\w sNpw. ap-n-bpsS hmp-I hnd-p XmSnp apI-fn ssI Aan Ap {i-tbmsS tIn-cp-p. Cu tZhn-bpsS hn{Klw Ap In-nt? Dv, hfsc BImw--tbmsS Ap-]-dp Fp ssII-fp ssZht? Ap Xncnp tNmZn-p-hm XpS-n. AsX, AXns {]tXy-IX Ap In-ptm? C. tZhn-bpsS Hmtcm ssII-fnepw Hmtcm Bbp-[fp-v. am{X-hp-a Hcp - ssIn Ap Itm Hcp Xe? Dv. Ap Xpd angn-I-tfmsS ]dp. cp hnc-en Xmn Hcp hi-tv Ncn-n-cn-p Zmc-nIs Xe `K-hXn-bpsS hn{K-ln Ap {in-n-p-v. ap-n-bpsS hmn \nmWv Ap a\-n-em-p-Xv Zmcn-Is Xe Ncn-n-mWv DXv Fv. AsXm apn Ncn-n-cn-tW? tNmZy- XpSv sImn-cp-p. ap-n-bpsS hmbn \npw hcp Ahy-amb hmp-I Ap {im-]qw DsIm-p-tmgpw Aphns a\-n Hcp t]Sn hf-cp-p-m-bn-cp-p. Hcp Xcw `b-tm-sS,Ipw angnv {inp tImp Ap-hns apJw hmsX tim`nn-cp-p. Fs A-p-t]mepw Hm-bn-m A{Xp ]gw Dm-bn-cpp B hoSn\pw B hn{K-l-n-\pw, apn ]dp XpS-n. \psS Xd-hm-Sn\p ]p apXt hfsc tZmj- Dm-bn-Xp-S-bn-cp-p. Zpa-c-W-fpw Akp-J-fpw _m[nv HSp-hn KXn-sIv Ah GtXm \q-Xn-c-m-Sns\ Ip. {]iv\w h-tm-gt kwKXn sXfn-Xv, \psS anse tZhn-bpsS hn{K-lnse Zmc-nIs Xe Ncn-m-Wn-cn-p--Xv. Fs-m tZhn-bpsS apJw Ing-tm-m-sWn Zmcn-I hS-tmp Xncn-n-cn-p-Xv A]-eWam-sW-mWv - - ]d-bp--Xv. hj--fmbn XpS-cp Fm tZmj-pw Imc-Whpw AXp Xs
hmXn-en \nm-sW-nepw Ah\m Zmcn-Is Xe {inp sImt Ccpp. hmfpw, ]cn-Nbpw, ]mpw, iqehpw, \ndp Ip Xqp ]ns Fm sNbvXXv? hnfpw ap`m-Kp \ne-hn-fp- Ap hnd-b-temsS tNmZn-p. Ifpw Ap Cs-n-s\--dn-bmsX {]Xn-\n-[n-I Hmtcm-tm-tcm-mbn ]d-p. {in-p.
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{]m-\-bpw, P]-hpw, ]qPbpw Fmw sImv XXvImew \p Ipg--an-msX Pohnm Ign-bp-p. Ftmgpw AS-n-n-cn-p av ImWp- t m- s gms Ap- h n\p Ibdn Ifn-p-hm tXmm-dp-v. A ]nXn-cn-n-m-\p ImcWhpw Ap-hn\v a\-n-embn hcpp. Aq-\-dntbm apv FmsWv? apn IqSp-X hyamn sImSp-p-hm XpS-n. Cy, Ap Xe-bmn ]d-p. Cu ]qP-bpsS t]cmWv KpcpXn ]qP Fm- W Xv? Ap- h n\v BImw hn-p. `K-h-Xnp
Fm-hjhpw Xd-hm-n \S-s-Sp HmWv KpcpXn ]qP. CXn `K-hXn-bpsS AS-m tIm]w AS-m \ KpcpXn sImSppw. ]qPm I-smw \m-S tImgnsb Igp--dpv app hc If-n CSp-p. AXns hnd-b Iv `K-hXn {]oXn-bm-Ip--Xnt\m-sSmw tImgn-bpsS cw `K-hXn IqSnpw FmWv hnizm-kw. Fn-cp-mepw tImgnsb sImp-Xpw òI-c-amb AhkvYbpw Aphns\ `b-s-Sp-m XpS-n-bn-cp-p. ]qPp CXp am{X-a-, Hcp ]mSv thj-hn-[m-\- AWn `qXhpw tIma-chpw Ddp XppIbpw sNpw. Fp tI-tXmSp IqSn Ap {]mXnp XpS-n, cm{Xn-bm-ht cm{Xn-bn hp \S-p ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-tep th-n-bp Hcp-ns [rXn-bn-emWv Xd-hmnep-hsc-mw. Ipdp kabw ASp-fbn \n - Aqs\ D-d-tv Bnb s]p--sfbpw ] ]Wn XpSn Ahn-S-bn Xn-X-S-bp Ap-hns\ hopw Ahn-Spv HmSn-ptmgpw Ap-hns Nn apgp-h\pw Zmcn-Is Xe am{X-am-bn-cp-p. AsX-s\ sNcnp? Cu tNmZyw B sImp Xe-bn ]pI-psIm-n-cp-p. Hcp ]s ]v AXp-m-n-b-tm Ncn--Xm-hmw. Ap kzbw- k-am-[m-\np. ]s, ap-n-bpsS A-p-t]mepw Hmbn-mv AXv.... Ah BsI `b-s-n-cp-p. ]no-Shs {i apgp-h ans hmXn-em-bn-cp-p. Bsc-nepw Xpd-p-ptm Fpw t\n Ap B CS-\m-gn-I-bn Xs Ccnp-dn-p. AXv ASnp t\sc-bm-n-qsS? tImgnsb sImm AXp icn-bm-Iptam? tNmZy- a\-n Db-cp-tmgpw Ap Ftm sXn-cn-n-cn-pp. tNmc Im `K-hXnp ktm-jam-hptam? Ah Hcp ]mSv Hmp Iqn. apn ]d--Xn Fmw ad-mepw KpcpXn Ah hnn-n-mbn-cp-p. Ah t\tcm tImem-bn-te-tm-Sn. ap-s ASp-s-nb DSs\ tNmZy- \ncn XpS-n. ap-m... tImgnsb Fn\m Igpv shvWv? GXv tImgn? ap Xncnp tNmZn-p. Cv cm{Xn If-nev ]qPv shnt tImgnsb AXn-s\.,
hcp XpS-n-bn-cn-p-p. If-nep ]qPbvp app anse ]qPbpsS i_v Z w D- d - n- c p \maw sNmp Ap- h ns sNhn- b n Fn-n-cp-p.
AXp `K-h-Xnp KpcpXn sImSp-p-I-bm-Sm, cw `K-h-Xnp henb Cm. sNetm \psS hn{K-lnse Zmcn-Is Xe Cu ]qP-tbmSp IqSn t\sc-bm-hpw. ap- Kuchw CmsX ]dp. CXp tIXpw Ap ASp-fbn-te-tm-Sn,-AbpsS ASp-sn Ipw angn-n-cp - - `b-tmsS GtXm temIv Ipw \n-cn-p Ap \nem-hn tim`n ap-q--sf-t]m Xnf-n. s Ipn t]Sn--tm A kabw ky Ign-bp-p. apv Ifw Ahs\ kam-[m-\n-np t]Sn amn XpS-n. ]ns Ah ]Sn-p-c-bnepw appw Ipsd HmSn \S-p. Fnepw Ahs a\-n hS-tmv Xncnv \np Zmcn-I ambmsX ann-adbp-p-m-bn-cp-p. hopw Ah CS-\m-gn-Ibn-te-tm-Sn. \msf - AXp-t\-sc-bm-Iptam? Cp cm{Xn Kpcp-Xn-tbmSp IqSn icn-bmIpw Ahs a\-n CXp am{X-ambn Nn. h-h-tcm-sSmw Ah Hcp
thcpI-
60
]mSp a{n-p. \msf sXmv ZmcnIs Xe t\sc t\mpw, Ahs hmp-I Bcpw {inn-. anse tZhnsb ImWm Ah\p sImXn-bm-bn. hy- hnf-nt\m Fnt\m thn ap Xpd- p. Ah HmSn- s bn t\mn. hmXn- e n \nm- s Wnepw Ah\m Zmcn- I s Xe {inp sImt Ccp-p. hmfpw, ]cn- N bpw, ]mpw, iqe- h pw, \ndp Ip Xqp hnfpw ap`m-K-p \ne-hn-f-p-Ifpw Ap Cs- n- s \- - d n- b msX {in- p. If- n tImgn ]nSp sImp cwKw Ap Ctmtg Ip XpS-n. Ah\p henb t]Sn- b m- W v. ]t tImgnsb sImp- - X v . Ah\mt\cw -cw-K-s-p-dn-tmv Ctmsg `bw hcpn XpS-n. Fnepw Ahs a\- n henb ktm-j-ap-v. KpcpXn ]qP Ign-m Zmcn-Is Xe t\sc t\mpw. AtXmSp IqSn Xd-hm-ns Fm {]iv\-fpw HXp- pw. sFiz- c yhpw ISp hcpw. `b-tm-sS-bm-sW-nepw Ah-s\mp Biz-kn-p Nncn-p. kabw ky Ign-bp-p. apv Ifw hcp XpS-n-bn-cn-p-p. If-n-ep ]qPbvp app anse ]qP-bpsS i_vZw D-dn-cp \maw sNmp Aphns sNhn-bn Fn-n-cp-p. Ahs a\-n \maw sNmp-Xns Hcp {]Xo-Xnbpw Dm--bn-cpn. t\sc \np Zmc-I\pw
Ddp Xpp \mp tImgnbpw am{Xw. ]qP Ignp XpSn. aps Ifhpw ]qn-bm-bn. Xma-kn-bmsX KpcpXn ]qP-bvp I- XpS-pw. Ap Duln-p. \maw sNmnXo-]msS A-bpsS ASp-t-tm-Snb Ap A-bpsS aSn-bn Ip angn-n--cp-p. KpcpXn ]qP-bvp I- XpSn Ign-p. Fpw sImpw taf-hpw. Ddp Xpp tIma-chpw, `qXw sImn-bm-Sp-hcpw. Ap - Hp Ip Xpdp Ip. Ah BsI Hp `b-s-p. A-bpsS aSn-bn \npw FWov D-d--Sn-bn Ipw s]mn-bn-cp-p. I-fn\p Nppw HmSp `qX--fpw tImachpw , ]qPm-cnbpw Fmw Aphns a\-n \odn-sIm-n-cp-p. HSp-hn {]Xo-n Kpcp-Xnpw ka-b-am-bn. tImgnsb sImp hcp-Xp I Ap CS\m-gn-I-bn-tetm-Sn. av ]qP Ignv AS-n--cp-p. Ah Npa-cn Nmcn \np. `b-s-Sp-p Zr-iy- Ahs\ th-bm-Sn--sIm-n-cp-p. Kpcp-Xn-bpsS `wKn-bn ebn-n-cp--h Bcpw Ap-hns\ {in--n-. sXmgp-ssI-Ifm \np Ahs A-t]mepw Ahs\ t\mn-bn-. ]qPm-cn-bpsS Iqh-epw, Hbpw tIp-p-v. KpcpXn sImSp-p-Ibm-Wv. ZmcnIs Xe-bpw, Ddp Xpp tIm-gnbpw Ap-hns a\-n Xo ]nSnv \np-psnepw Hcp \n-anjw Ah asmmWv Nnn--Xv. tImgn-bpsS cw hogp-tmgv Zmcn-I t\tc-t\mpw. Ap , Zm-cn-Is Xe t\sc-bm-Ip-Xv ImWm Adn-bmsX s]sv sImXn-p. Ah an-tev \Sp \on. ans hmXn ]Xps Dn Xpd-p. h-]q-cn-X-amb A-co-w. hnd-bp Imep-I-fm Zmc-nIs Xe t\mn Ap \Sp \on. ]pdv tImgnsb Ad-p-Xpw, AXp ]nS-bp-Xpw, A\p-_sImpw tafhpw Ap tIp- p--mbn-cp-p. Zmcn-I t\sc t\mp-sa {]Xo am{Xw Dnsem-Xpn Ap Zmcn-I-\n-tev t\mn \Sp \on. B \S--n hoWp-cpp InS-n-cp \n-e-hn-f-n Ap Nhn-nb-Xpw \ndp Ip \ne-hn-f-ns apn-tev Ap aep hoWp. Ah Bp hnfn-p. taf- apg-n-sIm-n-cn-p-p. KpcpXn Xocp-IbmW.v \mp-tImgn If-n Ay-izmkw hen-p-p. thZ\sImp ]pf-bp Ap Xs t\v Xncn-bp Zmcn-Is\ t\mn hnS angn-I-fm aep InS-p. B Nph A-cow \ndp Ip Xqp hnf-p-I-fm \t tim`n-p. i-ap--Jcn-Xam-b, kpK-]q-cn-Xamb Xd-hm-p-apw HcpIqw `pap-n B-hn-izmkw \In-bn-cp-p. h-i-_-f-amb Ifw t\mn apn a\-ap-cpIn {]mn-p. Xd-hmSp tZmjw amdtW..... ap \ hcp-t-tW... Kp-cpXn sImv Xr]vXn s]tS-W-ta....
thcpI- 61
B \S-n hoWp-cpp InSn-cp \n-hhn-fn Ap Nhn- n-bXpw \ndp Ip \ne-hn-fns apn-tev Ap aep hoWp.
ADVT - 4
thcpI-
62
cmtP-jv.-Fw. ss^\ _n.tImw.
]dp Xocm IY-t]mse ]mSn Xocm ]mp-t]mse \o ISp t]mbn Fnepw Nncm-Xn-bn \npw sImfp-nb Zo]vX Pzme t]mse \ns Hma-I Rm Gp-hm-pp Fns\ Rm ]d-tbp Fp Rm ]d-tbq \osbs Adn-o-Sp-hm \n lrZbw Iho-Sp-hm \ob-tbm F \n\-hp-I-fn Rm\n-sbm \n I\-hp-Ifn Fs \n Hm-I adpw apv Wn-ns Fs \n In\m-]en - \ns F Hm-I adpw apv shSn-n-cnpw Xopw Ah-sbs Hmtcm-Im-pw Fs Xgp-Ip-tm \obm-WsXp Rm \n\p shdp-sX.... shdp-sX..... sIm-Xn-p. \ns ]pW-cp-hm HmSn-b-W--tm Fs ]pW-cmsX IS-p-t]m-bh Hmtcm amcnbpw Fn s]bvXn-d-p-tm, \obm-WsXp Rm \n\p shdpsX .... shdp-sX.... sImXn-p. \ns Adn-bp-hm HmSn-bWtm - Fs Adn-bmsX IS-p-t]m-bh cdn-nsm Ch-sbmpw Adn-bm-nsm \S-Iep-IbmsWm \o... - Fn \npw Hcp \nan-j-sa-nepw \o Fs Adn-n-cp-s-n Hcp am{X-sb-nepw \osbs {]W-bn-n-cp-s-n Hcp hw......... Hcp hw am{Xw Xncnp \o t\mpI! C\n-bp Pw Hma-\n-m Imn-cn-m \n\-mbv IcpXn shbvm shdp-sX... shdpsX Hm-n-cn-m!
hnc-lm{Z kvarXn-I
thcpI-
63
kem-lp-o ss^\ _n. F. Cwojv
Alnwk ]c-tam-[w
B[p-\nI Ime-Lw hnhc kmt-Xn-I-X-bpsS DpwK t{iWn-bnsen \np-p. Ime-L--ns A\n-krq-Xamb {]hm-l-n t\Sn-sb-Sp kwkvIm-cnI aqey- \-s-Sp-ptm? cm{-ns sNtm A[mn-I-X-bp-sSbpw A\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw X-I-n ]Wb-s-Sp-n-bn-ptm? Bi-bpsS ap ap\-bn \np A\-h[n -tNmZy- ic-th-K-n Xd-p-p. Bdp ]Xn-m-p-Ip ap]v kqcy-\-kvX-an-m {_nojv km{amPy- ns A[o- \ - X - b n sImSpw- { Iq- c - X - I n- S - b n `mc- X ob kwkvIrXn XIp sImn-cn-p-tm cmPy-ns {]iv\v ]cn-lm-camb Hcp hyn cwK-{]-th-iw sNbvXp. IqsS al-mb Hcp kt-ihpw AsX, `mc-Xob Ncn-{X-n X-en-]n-Ifm Bte-J\w sN-s \maw cmjv{S-]n-Xmhv amlm-m-Km-n, Alnwk knm-hp-ambn temIs DWnb Kmn-Pn.
cm{obw, Im-kn FXv Hcp N-mhn-j-b-ambn Xo Ah-bn hfp hcp Xe-ap-dv am Zin-bmbn Hcpcm-{o-b-]-IzX-bp t\Xm-hns\ Is-m \apv Ign-bptam?
temIv A\o-Xn-bpsS Ic- in {]m]n-tm imn-bpsS a{-hp-ambn ASn-an-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xnb `mc-Xob kzmX{y - kacw hyXykvXamIp-Xn-hn-sS-bm-Wv. cmw temI alm-bp Ime-L--n \Sp-p Hm-I-fp-ambn temIw Zn\-cm-{X- Xn \op-tm `mc-Xns an asmcp Ncn{Xw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. Alnw-k-bn-e-[n-jvTnX-amb Hcp kacw temI-n\v amXr-Ibm-bn. thcpI-
64
At\Iw {]iv \ - n- S - b n AX \Sn-p am\-h-Ip-ens im kq- X v A\n-hm-cy-amWv Alnw-k. \qmpIv ap]v h\m-c-fn A]-cn-jvIr-Xn-bpsS {]Xncq- ] - h p- a mbn Pohnn- c p a\pjy kzw hyh-lm-c--n-Sbn A]- c \v m\- a n- m {]mNo\ Ncn{Xw hr- i n- J - c n k- ] np sImn- c p {Iu anYp-\--fn-semv h\th-Ss Atv ]nS-bp ImgvN Iv BZn Ihn hmaoIn ]mSn. am\n-jmZ. AsX, kwkvIr-XnbpsS BZym-cw XpS-p-Xv A\o-Xn-s-Xn-sc-bp {]Xn-I-cW- a m- b m- W v , A\o- X n- s - X n- s cbp ]S-hm-fm-bm-Wv.
kmc tIc-fns nXn lnwk-bpsS A-c`m-hs {]I-Samp-p. cm{-\m-b-Iam-cpsS Alnw-k-bpsS ktiw kzmb--am-p hnZymn-I-fpsS Acm-P-IXzw; \nb-a-ns Imh`-S-\mbn {]iv\n-Sbn [oc-\mbn CS-s] Hcp t]meo-kp-Im-cs ac-Ww, tIc- fob Ncn-{X-n ambvm-\m-hm Idp ]mSmbn Ah-ti-jn-pI - Xs sNpw. cm{obw Im-kn FXv Hcp N-mhn-jbambn Xo Ah--bn hfp hcp Xe-ap-dv am Zin-bmbn Hcpcm-{o-b]Iz-Xbp t\Xm-hns\ Is-m \apv Ign-bptam? - AsX, AXp-X-s-bmWv B[p-\nI Im-kn Acm-P-IXzw hf-cp-Xn\v \nZm-\w. kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-f-ns \Sp-hn kn-th-in--s A{Ia cm{obw s]men Pohs hne-bdn-bm-sX, Ip-m-bnpw ImgvN \jvSs Ah. cIvX]n-eamb Hcp \mSns tamN-\n F{X - cm-I-ep-I Imn-cn-Ww.
Alnw-k-bpsS Ic-v in ]I-cp-hm temI cm--fpsS sFIyw AXy-m-t]-n-Xam-Wv. temI kam-[m-\ns kt-ihml-Icmbn \ne-sIm-p-sXms km{am-Py-Xz-ns hmIvXm-fm Daq-e\w sN-s-Sp ImgvNbmWv Cv. Hmw-temI alm-bp-mi{Xp-hns apnepw ]X-dm \-cw cq]w {]m]n eoKv Hm^v t\jkns\ asmcp alm-bp-ka- c - h o- c y- t msS Pohn ns hnp ]mInb Ncn-{X-am-Wp-Xv. h-am-\Im-ev sFIy- cm-{-kw-L-S-\-Isf t]mep temI kam-[m\ kwL-S\I \mamtemI-ns ssZ\w-Zn\ N-I- h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-p-p. temI-ns ssZ\w-Zn\ N-I-fn fn kPoh kmny-am-bn-cp kPoh kmny-am-bn-cp sFIy-cm{ kwL-S\Isf t]mep sFIy-cm{ kwL-S\Isf t]mep temI kam-[m\ kwL-S-\-I \mam-h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-p-p. temI-ns ssZ\w-Zn\ N-Ifn kPoh km\n-am-bn-cp sFIy temI kam-[m\ kwL-S\I - cm{ kwL-S-\-bpsS \maw t]mepw Cv tIp-n FXv \mam-h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-p- AXns ]X-\s hnfn-tm-Xp-p.
p.
tZiob t\Xm-am, \thmm\ \mb- I ]S- s X- f n- b n ]mX, Alnw-kbpsS ]mX-bm-Wv. Fm \nmc {]iv\--fpsS t]cn amcm-Im-bp-[--fp-ambn \nc- ] - c m- [ n- I sf Daq- e \w sNp B[p-\nI a\p-jycn \npw D-X-scv kzbw \Snp \mw Ghpw henb lntm{Im--msX as-m-Wv. temIw hopw lnwk-bpsS ]mX apdpsI ]nSn-n-cn-pp. ham\ Ime kw`-h AXv sXfnbn-p-p. ssZh-ns kzw \mSmbn KWn-s-Sp kpc -
hmbp-hpw, sh-hpw, ]mn-S-hp-sa a\p-jys tIh-e-amb Bhiy- t]mepw \ncm-Icn-s-Sp-tm, As-n ImWn-sv \Snp-tm temIw ap N-Iv Pw \In-sm-n-cn-p-p. BW- h m- b p[ \nmW cwKv iIv X n {]m]n- p- h m Hmtcm cm{hpw a-cn-p-p. ap cm{--fXv A[o-\-Xn-bn kzw aqey hn- s - S p- - X - d n- b msX A- c m- - s - S p `cW ]cnjvIm- asmcp temI alm-bp--ns apn-tev \bn-s-Sp B[p-\nI temIm-{Iaw. C\bpw Hcq alm-bpw Xmm\p tijn temI-n\ptm? AsX, \apv Alnw-kbpsS ]mX apdpsI ]nSn-mw. Alnw-kbpsS {]hm-NI\mbn temIw BZ- cn-p \psS cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hns kz]v\v hne-p-XSn-bmhmsX temI-cm-jv{S-fpsS sFIy-n\pw Da-\-n\pwthn bXv\nmw. ip`-Nn--I-fp-ambn \msf-bpsS kz]v\w Ip-W-cp ]np-Ip-p-fp-v,- \n-jvIf Pa-fp-v, Pohn-m-\p AhIm-in\v amXSw \nmsX Hcp-anp t]mcmSmw. ssZhw A\p{K-ln--s Pbv `mc-Xv.
thcpI- 65
\nXn BWn
IIIrd B.A. English
\nsbpw Imv...
Hcp ]qhn-\mbv sImXnp Rms\ Iuam-cn ]pXp hk--p-ecn hnfpw hmSn-I-bn-sen FhnsS \osb ]pjv]Ip-amcn F\n-mbv hncn-sb kpIp-amcn lm Ip Rms\ ]pjv]dm-Wnsb \b-\-a-t\m-l-cn-bm-sa tZh-Xsb \n kucysa-n Pzc-ambv ]S-csh HmSn-bSpp Rm kz-am-n-Sp-hm a\-sa ssII-Ifn shp Rm \npsS amZ-IKam-kz-Zn-m Xp\n-bsh - - lm ]qsh Imp ]qsh \n K-an-s-hnsS? NXn-pthm \osbs \n amZ-Iku-cy-n! BZym-\p-cm-K-n A]-am-\-tap Rm Xopw \ncm-i\mbv \S-Io-Sth - Fn-sb \mkn-Ibn bpK-fmbv Rm Xnc kuc`yw ]dbq Imt Fhn-sSbm kpc-`ne dmWn Ip Rms\ ]pjv] tZh-Xsb aXn-a-dp \np Rm\m hmSn-I-bn \n anX-ku--cyhpw a\w-a-bpw kpK-hpw Fn ]Sss hncnp apdp-th F tXmfn-tetXm _enjvT Ic- ]Xnp Iq, Rm\m Ac shfn--n t\m-m-cs {Iqc-\-b-\ Fs hnSq Im]m-enIm F\np thW-sa kpa-dm-Wnsb Ah-fn-m-sX-bn-n\n F\n-n-smcp PohnXw KZvKZ-I-WvT-\mbv Ccp-fn Xn-X-S-bth Fp-n \ndp \n kuc`yw Cfmnt\m-Smbv samgnp Rm ZqXn-\mbv F\n-mbv Imn-cn-nt \o?
thcpI-
66
tkmWn BWn ^v _n. tImw.
B[p-\n-IX Acp hmgp-tm
Xnc-tmSv Xncv Hp \np Xncn-bm t]mepw Bpw t\c-an B[p-\nI Pohn-X-ns apJ-ap-{Z-bmb Xncp ]nSn Npp-]m-SpIsf Cmpw Ah-K-Wn-m-\m-hn-. Iqp-Ip-Spw_ Pohn-Xhpw {KmaoW ku`m-Ky-fpw Hw t]mb Xe-ap-dbn \nv ]Ip Innb _---fpsS thcp-d-pw, kvt\l-ns am[p-cy-hpw, ]hn{X-amb BNm-c-\pjvTm-\--fpw, Fm-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn hne-a-Xn-m-\mhm apJ-[\sav ]g-am Ime-fmbn IcpXntm ]mc-- cyhpw tNmp t]mIp Hcp ham\ kml-N-cy-n-emWv \mw Cp Pohn-p--Xv.
F\nv Ft- X mb Imgv N - m- S p- I fpw PohnX ey-fpw Dv. AXn-\n-Sbn Npp-ap--h-cpsS Imcy- At\z-jnm\pw Ah-cpsS thZ-\-bpw, s\m-cfpw I- d nv klm- b n- m\pw F\nv Fhn-Spm ka-bw.
lmbv kpJ-at Cs\ Hcp Ipiew ]d-b

ltem {^v KpUvtam-WnwKv (KpUv Cuh-\nw-Kv) Cs\ Hc-`n-hmZyw
t]msSm ]ns ImWmw Cs\ Hcp hnS hm

Xmvkv Cs\ Hcp \n {]I-S\w
thcpI- 67
kmc-an Fmw icn-bm-Ip-saSm Cs\ Hcm-iz-kn-n-
Xopw bm{n-Ihpw, {]I-S\]- c-hpw, Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb Ipdp ]Z--fpsS Hcp kt-f\w am{Xambn \psS kvt\l _- ]cn- W - a n- p- p. _- - f psS Cun-hpw t]mn-hp-amb ssZhns kzw \mnse {]P-IfpsS Fm hnIm-cfpw ac-hn-ns-Xmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. \nwK-X-bpw, \nhn-Im-c-Xbpw Hw B[p- \ nI a\p- j ys kzmXbp-sSbpw ]cn-Wn-X-ê-amWv B Zpc--n\v \nZm-\w. kz-n-tev Npcp-n-tmbn B[p-\nI a\p-jy H-bmamcmbn HXp-n--q-Sm \n_-n-
At\z-jn-m\pw Ah-cpsS thZ-\bpw, s\m-cfpw I-dnv klm-bn-m\pw F\nv Fhn-Spm ka-bw. Fs hne-s kabw em`-an-m {]hn-Imbn amn-sh-bvm F\nv kuI-cyan-. Ipd ka-bn-\p-n F{X km-Zn-m Ign-bp-tam, A{Xtmfw t\Sn-sb-Sp-p-I. Hcm-tfmSv Hp ann-bm B GXm\pw hmp-I-fn \nv F\nv Fp t\Sm-\m-hpw. Hp Nncn-m B Nncn-sp Inpw. Hmtcm \nan-j-n \npw F{X km-Znmw Fn--s\-bmWv Cs IW-p-Iq--ep-I-fpsS BsI XpI. Cns temI-n t\- sImm Ign-bp {]hn-Ip t\sc am{Xw Ip Xpd-m\mWv B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS k-Xn-Iv IqSp-X Cw. ktlm-Z-cs Io-cpw, s\m-c--fpw ImWm Ign-bm--hn[w {Iqchpw ITn-\-hp-am-bn-tm-bn-cn-pp \psS lrZ-b-. kvt\ln-sbpw Imcp-Wy-n-s-bpw, B{Z-X-bp-sSbpw hnZq-c-amb Hcp kmnyw t]mepw Cv \psS lrZ-bn. Dp Xpd-smv Nncn-m-t\m, a\-dnv Nncn-mt\m Ign-bmsX B[p-\nI a\p-jy Xs ssZ\w Zn\ PohnXw Xn-\o-p-Ibm-Wv. _mSp \nd-Xpw hnc-k-hpw, Akz--hp-ambn a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n \nv \njvI-f-amb Hcp ]pncn t]mepw amp t]mbn-cn-p-p. Ad-nbm, ]p shbvm, kvt\ln-m t{]mm-ln-n-m, \ss kan-m-\p-XmWo Pohn-Xw. ImcWw Pohn-Xsa at\ml-chpw Ap-X-I-c-hp-amb Cu A\p-`hw Ftm-gmWv Ah-km-\n-npI FXv \ap--m-X-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Ftm GXp \nanjhpw AXp kw`-hn-mw. AXn-\m ]nn-Sp Hmtcmpw IcpXtemsS ssIImcyw sN-Ww. \appw ap--hpw Hcp t]mse {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-hp-am-bn-cn-Ww \psS Pohn-Xw. CXp Xs-bmWv ssZhhpw B{K-ln-p--Xv.
Hcm-tfmSv Hp ann-bm B GXm\pw hmp- I - f n \nv F\nv Fp t\Sm-\m-hpw. Hp Nncn-m B Nncn-sp Inpw. Hmtcm \nan-jn \npw F{X km-Znmw Fn--s\-bmWv Cs IW-p-Iq--ep-I-fpsS BsI XpI.
IS-m-Sp-I-fn \npw D-c-hmZn-Xz--fn \npw HmSn-sbm-fnp ]pXp Xe-ap-dbvv a\p-jyXz- ns Fm `mh- fpw A\ym-[o-\s-n-cn-p-p. F\nv Ft- X mb Imgv N - m- S p- I fpw PohnX ey-fpw Dv. AXn\n-S-bn Npp-ap--h-cpsS Imcy-
A\p-`hnpw Bkz-Zn-p-adn-bpI Pohn-Xnse Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXv X- c mb kmlNcyw F- m- b n- ]eXpw hnkva-bIc-am-I-W-sa-n-. Nne-tm shdpw \nm-c-X-I cnmw? BImw. \nm-c-X-Ipw AXn-s-Xmb ku-cy-ap-v. AXv Cfw kXy-n\pw, \oXnpw, [- Imn ac-n--I-fp-Xnp Ze-a-c-am-hmw, As-n ]pe-cn-shn\pw t\cn tim-jWhpw AS- -n inin-c-Imew s]mgn-p \\p Ce-I `qansb Npw_nm BVw-_-c-{`-ahpw ]W- p B{Zamb ImgvNbm-hmw. tm-Sp AXymnbpw IqsS AXn-\m Ipw a\-pw, ImXpw Npp-]m-Sp-Ifn-tev Xpd-p-sh-bvpB[p- \ nI a\p- j y\v ImgvN I. a\p-jy ,km-aqly Pohn-bm-Ip-p. Ah\p Nppw _fpw \Ip I-h-S-I-p-Ifpw I- IS-m-Sp-Ifpw ASp-fpw D-chm-Zn-Xz-fpw Dv. Cu bmYmyhS hIrX am\-knI LS-\bpw. amWv \mw Cv Xncn-dn-bmsX t]mIp-Xv. AXv sImp Xs \psS Fm hnIm-c-fpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-X-bn HXp-p-Xpw. Dns Df-fn \nv ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-t kvt\l-ku-lm-fpw ktmj kl-I-c-W-fpw sImSp-epw hmepw Pohn-Xs A-]q-hpw, {]Xo--m\n`-c-hpw, Dm-l-]qhpw Bnop-p. Cu alm kXyn\p t\sc \apv ImtXmmw....
thcpI-
68
SANDEEP. C.
IIIrd B.A.English
Beggining.......and......Ending
Good morning ! Is it raining hard? My maiden question to my newfriend. She kept a smiling face, Her shy face gave me, A kind of thrill spride Since it was my first experience I failed to talk a great deal I slowly started to speak sense & nonsense, To catch her attention for sure Her face was chaming and beautiful Her eyes expressed that she was shy I felt the same emotions While I was talking to my friend, A friend of mine, also interested, In ber friendship Began to express his thoughts in swift volleys, I felt irritated by his presense While we were showing our Enthuciasm and eagrness to get, Her companionship and love, A taxi came sailing by And she managed to stop that taxi, She said good bye to us With a zuizzical smile
thcpI-
69
amK-kn kan-Xn
Ifn-a-n hms-Sp-p Pohn-X-
a]m{X \nmWns DIm-gvNI tXSn R Fn-bXv XqX-bnse a]m{X \nmW tImf-\n-bn-em-Wv. AhnsS R Zin-Xv hn[nsb ]gnv Io-cn Ign-bp Pohn-Xsf-b, adnv Ime-n-s\mw a]m-{X-fn- - eqsS Pohn-Xkz-]v\ hms-Sp-p P\-Xsb-bm-Wv. a]m{X \nmW-ns kqvaXesf-p-dn-dn-bm R BZyw ]Sn-Ibdn sNXv - - - s]mqn FbmfpsS hon-te-m-Wv. Adp-]Xn-t\m-SSp- {- ]m-bw, apdpn Nph Npp-I, ]mXn \c Xe-bn ]Ip-Xnbpw Ijn I-Sn-bn-cnp-p.
hmIyw Xon-bn-n-m sab-vcp-pw, ]c-cm-KXambn Innb - ssienbpw s]mq-n-bpsS a]m{X \nm-Wn hfsc {]I-Sw. Ifn-a ASnv N{I-n shv ]m{X-ns BIr-Xn-bn-se-Sp-v, Nqf-bnshv DWn \ndw sImSpv DW-n-bm Inp `wKn ap tImf-\n-bn t]mepw ImWm Ign-bn-sv ]d-bp-tm s]mqn-bpsS apJv Xnf-w. a]m- { X- Ip- b n- e mn sImv \Sv hnpI F k]n \npw Ch hf-sc-tbsd apt]m-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. Cv Iq, tImgn-tm-Sv, ]me-m-Sv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw Cs\ tIc-fns Fm-`m-Kfn-tepw Ibn Ab-m-dmWv ]Xn-hv. a]m{X - \nn-Xn-p Ifn-a hcp-Xv ]m-n-bn \nm-Wv. Hcp temUv Ifn-a-n\v 4000/ cq] hsc C-h \Ip-p. ASp--f-bn oenthcpI-
70
BtcmSpw ]cn-`hfn-msX ]cm-Xn- - bn-msX Chcpw Pohn-p-p, ITn\m- zm\w sNpp A- s A-n\p thn.
sbpw Aep-an-\n-b-n-sbpw ]m{X- - f psS IS- p- I - b w a]m{X \nn-Xn-Iv Hpw Xs oWw hcp-n-bn-n-sv s]mq- n. cq]- ` w- K n- b p- - X pw, tIm- - f n- m- - X p- a mb a D]- - v Cv h- f sctbsd hn]\ \S-p-p-smWv s]mq- n- b psS ]w. ]m--b n \npw Inp B\p-Iq-ey-sf-Ip--dn-p tNmZyn\v s]mqn tcmjm-Iq-e-\mbn. Idn\v thn At]
amsWmWv s]mq-n-bpsS A`-n{]mbw. s]mq-n-bpsS hon \npw ]ns R sNXv Aqn Fbmsf ]cn-Nbs-Sm-\m-Wv. Aqn bphm-hm-Wv. hfsc sNdp-n - Xs Cu taJ-en-bn-tev h-bm. kv{XoIv Cu cwK-tv hcm Ign-bn-s-mWv Aq-n-bpsS ]w. ImcWw hf-sc-tbsd sabvI-cpv th tPmen-bm-Wn-Xv. Aqn ]d-bpp cmhnse apX cm{Xn-hsc a]m{X \nm-W-n Gs-m _mn-bmhp-Xv ]pdw thZ\ am{Xw. Cu Iebvv Ghpw A[nIw thXv `mh-\bpw, ans IW-p-am-Wv. sh-m ]v a]m-{X-\nmWw \S- n- b - t m Ahv ]ng- Xv N{I- n \npw DS- b msX \nnXn FSp-p-n-SmWv Fv Aqn ]d-bp-tm R Ncn{X-kva-c-W-Imbn ImtXmp. en]n-bn-m {]tXy-I-Xcw `mjbpw BNm- c - \ p- j v T m- \ - fpw D Cu hw Cpw B kwkvImcw Imp kqn-p-p. Xs a-sfbpw Cu cwK-tv sImp-h-cm-\mWv Aq-nv Xm]-cyw. Hcp Znhkw Fgp-]-v ]m{X- hsc \nn-p-sa-nepw Ce-Iv{SnIv N{I-v hne hfsc IqSp-Xem-bXp-sIm-mWv ]c-cm-KXco-Xn-bn-ep N{I- D]-tbm- Kn-p-sXv Aq-n. a D]-fpsS \nnXn ]q-ambn - -
sImSpnv cv hjw Ign-p. CXp-hsc Hp-am-bn-n-. Cs\ ]m- b pw `c- W - I q- S hpw Xs- X nsc ImWn- p Ah- K - W - \ - s b- p- d np ]d- b ptm s]mq-n-bpsS In Ip-Xv Aaj-ns XoPzme-bm-Wv. hfsc sNdp--n Xs Ifna ]m{X--fpsS \nmWw ]Tn- - W - s apw s]mq- n, ImcWw Hcp {]mb-sa-n-bm ]Tn-pI hfsc {]bm-kIcam-Wv. - - ]pXnb Xe-apd Cu sXmgn-en \npw hyXn- N - e nv t]mIm hym{KX Imp-p-sh-nepw Cu sXmgn A[zm-\n-m em`-I-c-
Fv ]d-bWsa-n Nqf-bn shs-Sp-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xsa km[n- q. ImcWw NIn-cn-bmWv Nqf-bn In-m D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. NqSns tXmXv hf-sc-Iq-Sn-bmepw Ipd-mepw a]m-{X- s]mnt]m-Im-dp-v. Nne-tm ]Ip-Xn-bn-te-sdbpw s]mn-t]m-Im-dp-v. Nqfbn shp-tm-gmWv `mKy-hpw, ssZh-I-Sm-hpw th-sXv Ch ]d-bp-p. Cs\ Nqf-bn shv \ndw sImSp ]m{X--fn an\np ]Wn-I \Sp-Xv honse kv{XoI-fm-Wv.sh-mcw IpsImv Dckn \nd-sa-gpIn ]m{Xs IqSp-X tim`-bm-p-Xnep kv{Xo-IfpsS ]v hfsc {]m[m-\am-Wv. B tImf-\n-bnse ]Xn-s\mp hoSp-Ifn ]p hoSp-Ifn-sebpw PohntXm-]mZn Cu Ifn-a \nn-Xn-I Xs. BtcmSpw ]cn-`-h--fnmsX ]cm-Xn-bn-msX Chcpw Pohn-p-p, ITn-\m-zm\w sNpp A-s A-n\p thn.... Cu P\-XbpsS ZpxJ-hpw, ktm-jhpw, Aajhpw, {]Xo-bp-samw - Ipe-ssZ-hamb amcn-b\n `{Zw. Ifn-an \npw Ch hmsSpp Hmtcm Ifn-a ]m{Xhpw Ch-cpsS \msf-bpsS kz]v\fm- Wv, {]Xo-Ifm-Wv....... - thcpI-
71
cmlp. ]n.hn kv Sp (lyp-am-\n-o-kv)
Hm
GIm-Xbn F\nv Iqmbv - Hcp-\m-fn Hm-I h-Wp \-bn kvt\l-ambn hnc-l-n tX-embv Ah Fn Ftm Aenv tNp PohnX hoYn-bn GtXm \nan-j-n Hm-I Fn XI-Snp hmm {]hr-n-bm Hncn Rms\ Hm-Isf ]nSnp \nn Fs Ic- X in Xfp t]mbv Hm-I Fn kzX-{-bmbn Ftm Hcp \mfn F a\-tm--bn GtXm \ng-embv \o hp tNcpw Fnse Hm-I \nt-Xmn Fs PohnXw \nt-Xmn GI\mbv GIm--bm-a--fn Hm-I Fn Xfn-cn-Spp Hm-I Fs ]pWn-Sp-p, Paw-ap-gp-h\pw. -
]peImew
s]mn aWn-I DXnXp t]mse aRvPna tXSpam ]peImew s]mn civan-I ]mv hcpp N-sam-Sn-s\ s]pp _p-c-amIpw s]mXn-cn-I `qan-bemsI ]Scpp kky-e-Xm-Zn-I ann-n-fn aqSa--n Xpn-I shn-n Ik-hp-I t]mse ann-n-fn ae-\n-c-I \n{Z-bn-emgv ]pjv]-e-Xm-Zn-I XpSp-Xp-sS-bmbn I Xpdp Ie-]n-e-I-e-]ne i-sam-gpn ]n-I ]mdn Xo-mbv aRvPn-a-btm ]peImew _p-c-atm ]peImew.
thcpI-
72
k^q-d. sI.-]n.
sk v _n.F C--tWm-an-Ikv
Cu thcp-I Cv \no-h--fm-Wv. an \nv hen-s-Sp-m-\mbv Hpw Ah-ti-jn-p-n-. Cu ac-ns thcp-I Cv ImtXmp-Xv Infn-\m-Z--. adn-v, an s]mp Dd-h-bpsS i-n-\m-Wv.
thcpI-
73
thcpI-
74
th\ Ah-km-\n-m-dmbn, agbvv sNdnb Hcp km[y-X. ag-m-dp-apv. sNdnb Hcp sX-en-t\m-sSmw Hcp Aq- XmSn Ah-fpsS apJp hp Ccpn \np.
ac--sfmpw ajn-bnv sXsc-mtmepw ImWm ChnsS Fs\ CXv! apn hn-Xmhpw

kzbw Nncn-p. Xkv\ow _m\p. sI.-]n.
^v _n.-F. Cwojv
]v Rm\pw tNnbpw t]c-bvv thn hgv IqSm-dp-v. \ \mS t]cbm. hen-sbmcp s\n-tbmfw hcpw. sNdn-sbmcp ]pfn tN a[p-cw. Ah-[n-m-ev [mcmfw Dm-Im-dp-v. AXv sImv Xs Rm Xmsgv Ip ]nSn-sXmw Ah ac-sm-n-en-cp imn-Spw. Fnv Fs t\mn Hcp Cfn-bp-v. \ tiem .... ImWm. Hcp hmens Ipd-hp-Iq-Sn-bp-sv ]Wnv hcp Imfn Fs kam[m-\n-n-m ]d-bpw. Fs Ic-n tIv an-hmdpw apn HmSn hcm-dp-v. ]d-n Bb-Xp-sImv Cv Fs Ic-n tIv ImWn-. C\n ap-n-bpsS ASp-s-n-bnv Ic-bmw.
Aq Imen-ev sNcn-n-tm? aptfsS then-bp-n-hn-sS. Imen Xd-bvpw. apn XmoXv \Ipw.

Rm Xm-etv \nn shn-cp Ic-n Hm sNpw. Ipdv AI-se-bmWv apn Fs hnfn-p.
Aq, CSv t\mnsb.
Aq- XmSn
^vfmn tamtm \m-m kh-cmPv hcpw Fv ]d-nv t\cw Ipd- m- b n. hcp- ptm Fv t\mm anYp I \on P\- e n- e qsS Xmtgv t\mn. thsd Cd--Ww.
In Xqsh \n-dn-ep Hcp Iqw Aq- XmSn-I. Fn-Xns\ Fs t\sc DuXn hnSpw. sX Imns Dpw IqSn-bm-Iptm Ah IrXyw Fs apJv Xs hv Cnfn Iqpw. ]d-n-eqsS \S-p-tm CS-bvsms apn Cs\ Ifn-m-dpv. Imn ]mdn h Aq- XmSn-bh sXp hnj-atmsS Inse-Sp-p. Fs ImWm-nv ZqXn-\mbn Aq- XmSnsb apn hn-Xm-hpw. Cse hnfn-tm A ]d-n-cp-p.
Cv shn, Cu i\nbpw Rmbdpw a\p-hn\v kvIq Ah-[n-bm-Wv. tamtm icn-bm-bm BZyw \ \mn t]mI-Ww. h-samcp Ipfn Ah a\-n samss_ dnwKv sNp-p. Ah P\-ens I- t\sc-bnv taiNnn-p. bpsS taep t^msW-Sp-p.
CS-bvn-Sbvv Ap \ns apn At\z-jn-m-dp.v Cu NqSv ian-n-m ^m\n\n Uln-bn \npw tNnbpw afpw hn-p-v .
In Xqsh \n- d n- e p Hcp Iqw Aq- XmSn- I . Fn- - X ns\ Fs t\sc DuXn hnSpw. sX Imns Dpw IqSn- b m- I p- t m Ah IrXyw Fs apJv Xs hv Cnfn Iqpw.
sbkv: tUm. anYp

taUw t]jy vkv shbvv sNp-p. icn, Rm\nXm Fn. tamtm \m-m Bfv hcp-sav hmvams\ Hmn-nv Ah Imdn Ibdn. C\n sshInv \mn-tev. Fs sX Imn-sbpw Aq- XmSnbp-sSbpw temI-v....
thcpI- 75
sI.hn.Fw. DnbpsS hcIfneqsS
thcpI-
76
thcpI-
77
ADVT -5
thcpI-
78
HASHIM. K Final B.Sc (Maths)
Wonderful Magic of Seven
7 is an intresting number. The sunlight when refracted through a glass prism consists 7 colours. The P.H. value of disfilled water Is 7. 7 days are thue in a week . There are 7 wonders In the world . A musical instrument has 7 octanes. Now lets is have the pleasure of the magical effect of number 7 The number 7 and its square can be expressed as the Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers 7= 42- 32 and 72=252 - 242, Square of seven can be expressed as the sum of squares of three different numbers , ie:- 72=22+32+62 Cube of 7 is veryy funny and it rates an interesting palindromic number 73=343 The sum of first two digits and last two digist of 343 is 7 The sum of all division of 343 is perfect square ie : - 1+7+49=343=400 = (20) 2 The number 7 is the smallest prime factor of famous Ramanujans number 1729, 1729 = 7x13x19 The sum of numbers from 1to 7 is 28, where n = 7 Here 28 is a perfect number. Hence the sum of all factors Of 28 (encluding 28) is 28, ie 1+2+4+7+14=28 Resiprocal of 7 produces revolving number 1\7 = 0. 142857 Neglecting the decimal point, we get the revolving number 142857 If we multiply the revolving number 142857 by successive Multiples of 7, we get. 142857 x 14 = 1999998 142857 x 28 = 3999996 142857 x 42 = 5999994 142857 x 56 = 7999992 142857 x 70 = 9999990
142857 x 7 = 0999999 142857 x 21=2999997 142857 x 35=4999995 142857 x 49=6999993 142857 x 63=8999991
There is funny seqence between 7 and its squares 7 = 1+5 +6 -2 - 3 72+ 12+52+ 62- 22-32 7=3+4+8-2-6 72=32+ 42+82 - 22-62 7 = 4+ 5 + 9 - 3 - 8 72=42+ 52+92- 32- 82 It will multiply the number 143 by scuccessive number of 7 we get. 143 x 07 = 1001 143 x 14 = 2002 143 x 21 = 3003 143 x 28 = 4004 143 x 35 = 5005 143 x 42 = 6006 143 x 49 = 7007 143 x 56 = 8008 143 x 63 = 9009 thcpI- 79
PnX. F.]n ^v _n.-tImw. F
F k] ]qm-h\n - \n k]-nepw ZoL kl-{k-]p-jv]--fp-mImw Pa-nbpw, sXnbpw, apbpw ]ns tdmkpw ]qa-c-fpw. kvt\lamw Cfw tX\n\p thn Rm Hcp Nn{X-i-e-`-ambv Cu ]qm-h-\-n-se-p-tm \o shdp-samcp Xp-q-hm-bn-cp-mepw. F {]Xo-p kz]amw tX Xcp--sX-nepw F Zmlw ASp-p-an Paw apgp-h\pw.
]qm-h\w
A\kv djmZv . ]n III.B.Com
a\p-jy amp Ime-n apJw

Imew amdpp Ime-n apJw amdpp {]W-b-n ]pjv]--fn Im]-Sy-Im-a-n Id-]p-c-fpp a\p-jy-kvt\lw \mSy-am-Ipp Xocm\pw Xom-\p-ap b{--fm-Ipp Ah a\p-jy-amwkw Xnv Igp-Iamp aSp-pp a\p-jys\ Xnp a\pjy arK-n amwkw Xnh Xe Xn-m-Ipp aX cm{ob \mSy-n AWn-b-d-bn ]e c-n cq-Kw han-pp \nXyhpw
thcpI-
80
kcnX.sI ss^\ _n.-F Cwojv
Imn-cnv
Ah CjvSs-n-cp B GIm-X... cm{Xn-bpsS \o-bm-afn GIm- - X - b psS ZpxJhpw t]dn Ah Imn- c p- p. Btm thn... Ah- f psS a\v Nn-Ifn \nv Nn-Ifn-tev IpXn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. au\--sfbpw kz]v\--sfbpw sImv ]WnX B kv ^ SnI sImm- c - n Ah B a\ns\ ASn-Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-p. Nne ka-b--fn Ah au\s Iqp-]n-Sn-pw. ]d-b- IqpIm Bcp-an-m-bn-cpp Ahv. Ah-fpsS B a\-ns\ kzX-{-am-m Ah {ian-p. Hcp ]cn[n hsc hnP-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm B kulrZw {]W-b-ntev hgn-am-dn. Ah t]mep-a-dn-bmsX Xs Pohn-X-n X\nv Ftm Inn-sb tXm-em-bn-cpp Ah-fpsS a\v \nd-sb. ASn-anb Ah-fpsS taml-v Nnd-Ip-I shbvm XpS-n. taml-fn \nv taml-fn-tev Hcp Xo-bm{X \S-m XpS-bn-cp-p Ah. `mhn-sb-n Nn-bn-m-Xn-cp Ah `mhn-sbn kz]v\ s\-m XpS-n-bn-cp-p. Fm hn[n Ahp ap]n ]pdw Xncnp \np. Ah ImWp coXn-bn Ah\v ImWm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. shdpw Hcp kulrZw am{X-am-bn-cpp Ah-\n Dm-bn-cp--Xv. Ahsf B Aap-J-Xn-bpsS ]pdw tXmSv s]mnv ]pdv sImp-hcWw F Hcm-{Klw am{X-amWv Ah-\pm-bn-cp--Xv. am{X-a Ah asmcp s]Ip-nsb C-s-n-cp-p. hnhmlw t]mepw \n-bn-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. kXyw apgp-h\pw a\-nem-nb Ahv CXv kln-m-hp--Xnepw Ap-d-am-bn-cp-p. CXv Ahsf hopw GIm-XbpsS Xocm-Ibn-tev Xn-hn-p. GIm- - -Xbn kmz-\ns ssII Xv ]nSn-p-bnb B Xs AtX Ah--bn-tev Fnp Fv ]d-bp--Xmhpw icn. au\w \o Imes Hcp X]-m-bn-cp Ah-fpsS a\-n\v Nnnm {]bm-kap-m-bn-cp-n-. Iep-jvSamb Ah-fpsS a\-ns\ ]nSnv \nm Ahv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-n-. Imew ISn-m-Wn-m Hcp Aiz-s-tmse IpXn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ime-ns Ipsm-gn-n DW-m apdnhp-I-fptm? au\--sfbpw kz]v\-sfbpw sImv sImmcw ]WnXh Cpw Imn-cn-p-p. C\nsb-s-nepw B ssIncn {]Imiw Xs Pohn-Xn-tev Fpsav Ah ]mgvIn-\mhp ImWp-p. Hcn-epw k^-eo-Icn-m-\mhm B kz]v\-hp-ambn Ah Cpw XpS-cp-p... GImamb B Imn-cn-v......
thcpI-
Ime-ns Ipsm-gn-n DW-m apdnhp-Ifptm ? au\-sfbpw kz]v\sfbpw - sImv sImmcw ]WnXh Cpw Imn-cn-p-p.
]pkvX-I- am{X-am-bn-cpp Ah-fpsS temIw. B AapJ- X - b n \nv Ahsf ]pdv sImp-h-cm Ah\v As-n B kulr-Zn\v km[n-p. \o\-bpsS B kv^Sn-INn sImmcw XIv -
81
jm\n hKokv IInd B.Sc. Maths
B Imew, Cw Cu Imew
hmp-Xp \ntcm-[np inn-n-cp Imew Cw hmns\ \nb-aambn \S-mpw Imew thmp-I m\- t\Snb Imew Cw, thmp-I-fn-eqsS m\- t]mIp Imew Iamsc t]meokv ]nSn-n-cp-smcp Imew Cw , t]meo-kns\ Iam-cmbn ]nSn-p Imew P\-mbn ]mn-I Dm-nb Imew Cw ]mn-mbn P\- amdp Imew P\- aX- krn Imew Cw aX- P\-sf tXSp Imew \Zn-I kzb-ambn Hgp-Inb Imew Cw \Zn-Isf hgn-Imn Hgp-p Imew ico-cs hkv{X--fm ad-nSpw Imew Cw hkv{X--fm ico-cs Imp Imew sshZypXn cko-Xn\v ]W-aSsmcp Imew - Cw cko-Xp-I BLmXw ASn-np Imew shw Fn-m Ipg-ep-I-fn shta Cm Imew Cw Ipg-ep-I-fn shta Cm Imew. Smdn-Sm--Xn-\m ]mX-I-fn Ipgn-Ifp Imew Cw Smdp ]mX-I-fn Ipgn-bp Imew Hcp hgn-bm-{Xp hml-\-an-m-smcp Imew Cw hml-\-n t]mb B Cm-XmIpw Imew hml-\-n\v cmPy--fn \nv F hmnb Imew Cw F-bvmbn cmPy-sf XIp Imew _mp-I-fn temWn-\mbn \S-p Imew Cw temWp-ambn _mp-I \S-p Imew t^mWn-\mbn P\- Imn-cp Imew Cw P\-mbn t^mWp-I Imp Imew t^m Hp sNm P\- HmSn \S Imew Cw kmc t^mWp-ambn HmSn \S-pw Imew amXm-]n-Xm-sf ssZh-fmbn Icp-Xnb Imew Cw amXm-]n-Xm-v ssZh- am{X-amb Imew Ime- `mh- amdn adnp t]mIpw amdmsX hnizmkw Imp kqnpw hnizmkw ssZh-n Xs-sb-n Imew Ign-mepw ssZhw XW-emIpw
thcpI-
82
thcpI apfs]mnbXv....
IY- b - d n- b msX Ac- n- t ep h IYm- ] m- { X- v Xmpw XWepw Znim- t _m- [ hpw \Im thcp- I Dd- p- X s!
thcpI-
83
ANNUAL REPORT
Greetings to all! I offer each and every one of you warmest felicitations of the day. St. Marys College is an educational institution started as the outcome of the educational apostolate of the Congregation of the Sons of the Immaculate Conception founded by Blessed Luigi Maria Monti in 1857. It aims at the integral growth of young people, taking care of their needs in different spheres of life. I am proud to say that the institution has achieved a lot in its aim to achieve this objective. The 11th academic year commenced on 4th June 2007 with Plus-Two, Final D.C and Final P.G classes. Courses of Study The college offers various courses of study like Plus Two Humanities and Commerce, B.A English, Economics, History, B.Com Co-operation, B.Com Computer Application, B.B.A, BSc Maths and M.Com. Staff and Students The success of an educational institution depends on its teachers and students. I am proud to say that we have a group of dedicated staff members and well disciplined students. We have 45 permanent staff members and 4 visiting professors. The total number of students is 1150. Library Our college is provided with a good library. At present there are more than 11100 books dealing with different subjects. Besides these books a number of periodicals, journals and news papers are available at the disposition of students. Examination and Results To evaluate the educational progress of the students, terminal examinations are conducted. P.T.A meetings are held after each terminal examination in which the class teacher meets the parents and students individually, thus coordinating the efforts of students, parents and teachers. Visit of Italian Groups The students and teachers of St. Marys College were specially blessed with the visit of different Italian groups. A group of 18 students of Tourism and their 4 teachers made their visit to the college as part of their cultural exchange programme. Their two weeks stay in the college was really enriching. Another visit, made by 5 teachers of Italian also was a great inspiration to the students. Various cultural items, seminars and debates were conducted in connection with these visits.
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Arts and Sports Keeping the aim of the institution in mind, the academic schedule of the college is arranged in such a way that the students get sufficient opportunities to develop themselves through various extra curricular activities. Associations Associations of different disciples are formed to help the students in their studies. I use this occasion to congratulate teachers and student representatives who direct the activities of these associations. The associations conduct various programmes which arise great interest in the students towards the concerned subjects. Malayalavedi and NSS Malayalavedi and NSS are two active organizations that function in our college. All the extra curricular activities in our college are conducted under theses two organizations. Malayaladeepam, a campus newspaper by Malayalavedi provides the students a space to publish their literary works. NSS coordinates various social service programmes and arrange personality development camps for students. We also could conduct one day seminar for plus two students under NSS. College Magazine The college magazine is published every year with selected writing from the students. Study Tour Every year we conduct study tour for the final Degree students A Word of Thanks It is my privilege to take this occasion to express my sincere thanks to all those who have given their valuable support and guidance in smooth running of the institution. I am grateful to our Superior general Rev.Fr. Aurelio Mozzetta, Rev. Dr. James Chitteth and his councillors for their valuable support and encouragement. In a special way, I thank Rev. Fr. Antony Tharakanparambil, the former principal of college for his sincere service to the institution. I thank each and every member of CFIC India especially the members of Luigi Bhavan community for their support and encouragement. I also thank Rev. Fr. Joseph Kuttiyath, the manager and Fr. Saju, Fr. Mathew and Fr. Benny for their service. I also convey my sincere thanks to the teaching and non teaching staff of St. Marys College for rendering their valuable service to the college. They always express a deep sense of commitment. I use this occasion to thanks all the students for their cooperation. I also thank parents, benefactors, friends and the public of Puthanagadi for their cooperation in the smooth running of this institution. THANK YOU. Fr. Martin Cherumadathil CFIC Principal thcpI- 85
Biw-k-I
\mephjs kvXpXy-lamb tkh-\n\v tijw hntZ-itv tkh\w Anm\mbn t]mhp R-fpsS {]nb ap {]nkn-m BWn A\v lrZbw \nd \n-tbmsS Fm-hn[ `mhp-I-fpw t\cp-p.
sk vta-cokv tImtf-Pns Inco-Sn Hcp s]mXq-hIqSn AWn-bnv sImv Fw.-Pn. k-I-em-im-e-bpsS Fw.-tImw. ]co--bn Hmw-dmv Ic--am-nb jwebvv amK-kn kan-Xn-bpsS A`n-\\. - - thcpI-
86
sk v tacokn thcp ]Snbh...

FINAL B.Com
FINAL B.Com (Computer)
thcpI-
87
FINAL B.Sc (Maths)
FINAL BA (Economics)
thcpI-
88
FINAL BA (English)
FINAL BA (History)
thcpI-
89
FINAL M.Com
FINAL BBA
thcpI-
90
PLUS TWO (Humanities)
PLUS TWO (Commerce)
thcpI-
91
ADVT - 6
thcpI-
92
Xn-p. ]t, Ctm apJ-tmSp apJw ImWsh Hcp N! au\w Ahn-S-bn Hcp aXn Xop-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
Rms\m-ncn sshIntbm?
Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS Bn-c--en Xs iw tInm Fptm? AtXm ]nW-n\v Ctmgpw bmsXmcpAb-hp-an-mtWm? kPv\ ^v _n.- F. lndn Nodn-b-Snp hcp Xnc-am-e-I t]mse Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw a\v {]p_v[am-Wv. Hncn ]d-bm-\p-n-cp-hpw ; tIm-\pw, F-npw \n-Xsb {]W-bnpw t]mse Ah Hpw Dcp-hn-Sp-n cp t]cpw Nn-bpsS Ib-n-em-Wv. \-t_m-[-ns BIp-e-X-I thm-bncp-p...... Ifn-X-am-i-I ]dv s]mn-n-cnv ]d-p--knv \S-m-dp-m-bn-cpp. B kpc kmbm-- F{X a[p-c-X-c-am-bn-cp-p! Fm ZpxJfpw ]c-kv]cw ]n-Sp k`-, GtXm Hcp \nan-j-n ]ckv]cw a\-n-em-m Ign-bmsX t]mbn. AXp Xs-bmWv Ctmgs \ni--Xv Imc-W-hpw. I-I-m a\-a-Iepw Fp ]d-bp-Xv F{X icn-bmWv! Hcp-an-p kmbm khm-cn-bn-se-tmtgm BWv Ahs Ip-I B _me-\n-ep-S-n-b-Xv. Iodn--dn apjn thj-am-bn-cpp B Ipn-v. Idp-n-cp B apJv Hcp Zb-\o-b-X-bp-m-bn-cp-p. klXm-]tm-sS-bp Xs t\mw ]no-sS-tmtgm ]pn-cn-bn-tev hgn Xpd-p. Ah Xncn--dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-\p-a-bpw \-s X\nv Htc-sbm-cm-izm-kamb Ip-\n-b. ssZh-ns CS-s]-S-em-Wv. Ah-\nXm apn Hcp ]p\c-h-Xmcw t]mse. hj-p apv ImWm-Xmb Ah-\nXm ]p\ P\n-n-cn-p-p. Xs Ip-\n-b\m-bn-Xs. Fm Xs kulrZw asm-cm-fp-ambn ]p shbvp-Xv jao-dn\v kln-m-\m-hn-m-bn-cp-p. B hgv sN-hkm-\n-Xv hj--tfm-f-ap X-fpsS _-ns th ]ncn-b-enepw. Fm Btem-Nn-pt? jao-dns tNmZyw Ahs\ Nn-bn \np-Wn. Gbv, Hp-an ]ns ]Xps ]Xps Ah Fmw ]d-p. Av IS-tem-cv shv X Ip apnb B _me, X\nv hj-p apv \-s Ip-\p-P-\m-sWpw Ap apX Cmcyw ]d-bm thn jao-dns\ tXSn-b-Xp-samw H izmk-n ]dp Xop. jao Fm tIp Ign-n-cp-p. Xs Fm-sa-m-amb Iqp-Im-cs a\v B{Z-am-bn-o-cp-Xv Ah {in-p. Ahs Ip-I \nd-bp-p-thm...? Xm sNbvXp t]mb A_-n\v {]mb-nw sNm-s\ t]mse cp Xpn NpSpIo B aWX-cn-I-fn-te-nn hoWp. Atm kulrZ-n ]q hopw Xfnp-Xv Iv ]pXn-sbm-cp-Z-bn-\mbv A N{I-hm-fn-tev Dufn-bn-Sp-p-m-bn-cp-p. thcpI- 93
hopw....
hj- ]nn tij- a mWv hopsamcp IqSn-t-c. Av Ie-lnv ]ncn-bp-tm B IqSnmgvN Xosc {]Xo-n--n-cp-n-. Hp ImW-Wsav ]dv hnhc-sa-n--tm apS \ymb- s fmpw ]- d - b msX sshIptcw _on Fm-sav k-
Fm Xs kulrZw asm-cm-fpambn ]p shbvp-Xv jao-dn\v kln-m-\m-hn-m-bn-cp-p. B hgv sN-h-km-\n-Xv hj--tfm-f-ap X-fpsS _-ns th ]ncn-benepw.
k_n-X.Sn. Ist B.A. History
Pohn-X-bm{X
aqIamw ky-bn hnP-\amw Xocv \o Hcp ioX-fOm-bbmbv hp ]pIn Fs GIm-amw PohnX Xmmbv Io s]mgn-Xv \n {]W-bs\m-cw \nd-an-m ag \n au\-s-p-dn-p-tm Xop-sh--sX taml-in]- Ism-snnSn-p AIse \o Ftm AIp adp t]mbn PohnX ]mX-bn t]mcm-Sp-sa-nse Xmmbn \o hs-n-se-m-inq \n tamlamw Xo-\ aop-In IoX t]amcn s]p-pthm ]cn-afw XqIpamw ]qX a[pIWw F t\mhns lrn FSp-p-shp C\nbpw ]qm-smcp XW acs kz]v\ambv kvacn-p-smo PohnXw DW-cpao Imew C\n-bp-sa lrn \nd- Nmenv Nn{Xw hc-ptam? Cp Rm tIp tIhn-Isfm-sbpw hnXp-p GtXm {]W-bm-m-hn-s-Xm-bn-cpp im]-Pambv Ign-bpao s]sImSn imn e`n-p-hm Al-bs Rm I ZpxJhpw tImp \mZhpw Iq-\o Pzme-bmbv shn Xnf-pp kty \n kmbm-\m-n - Rm\pw Cfw Immbv \n t\cw aspw e`n-m imn-X s\mcw F lyn Bizmk Ipfna-tbIn \o X Ipfna-X DI-n \npw \opw FtmSp hnS ]dbpw sImn-bS PohnX hmXn-en Nmsc Rm A\y-bmbv GI-bmbv kmyw Ipdn-pp Fs kz]v\v au\s \In \o amcnhnsm-Sn-bmbv t]mbv adp C\nbpw \ne-bvm Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn Rm thZ-\-bp-smcp tNmZyw am{Xw.
thcpI-
94
Ac\qmnse tIcfns amsfpdnv amKkn kanXn \Snb Nbn {]apJ kwkmcnpp.
BtcmKyw am[y-a-: -h-am-\hpw `mhnbpw ImbnIw {Km-ime {]m\w tIc-f-n

thcpI- 95
BtcmKyw
(tUm. sI.Al-Zv Ah, t\{X-tcmK hn`m-Kw, Fw.-C.-Fkv. saUn- tImtf-Pv)
Cv ]s, Btcm-Ky-cw-Khpw sshZy-cw-Khpw XnIpw kmt-XnI hnZy-bpsS \pI-n Iogn-em-Wv. sSIvt\m-fPn-bm-hs òam-Imcw ]q cm-kcq]w {]m]nv Ign-p. sshZy-hr-n-bpsS Iem-hiw(ssZhnIw) ssItamiw hp. AXv XnIpw imkv{Xm-[n-jvTn-Xam-bn. êw ]gb tUm tcmKn _-nse ]c-kv]c hnizm-khpw kvt\lmZ-chp-Ifpw ]mh-\Xbpw \-am-bn. hWn-I\pw D]-t`m-IvXm-hp-ambn amdn cp t]cpw. tkh\w {]Xn-^-em-[n-jvTnX am{X-am-sW \ne hp. kmtXn apt- NnIn-sb sNe-th-dn-bXmn am-n. ]c-kv]cw Dp Xpdv kwh-Zn-m cv Iqpw ka-b-an-m-Xm-b-tm B tdm et_m-d--dn-I Gs-Sp-p.
BtcmKyw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Imv kqn-t Hmtcm-cp-pw D-chm-Zn-Xz-ap Hcp kpw KpWhp-ambn ImWp P\-X-b-m-Xmbn \mw amdn . AXv asmcp Iq hn]-W\w sNt hkvXp-hmbn ImWp kaqln tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[w NnIn-tb-m {][m-\s\ B]vXhmIyw AhK-Wn-s-p. D]-t`m-r-]cXbpw {]I-S\m-IXbpw Zpcbpw B{Ibpw A`n- - \n-th-ifpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xsf \nb-{n-p-tm A`n-\h Pohn-Xssien P\y- t cm- K - Xnann- b m- S m XpS- n. sImebpw BlXybpw \nXykw`-h am{Xw. tIc-f-n Btcm-Ky-cw-Kv t\-fpw tIm--fp-ap-m-bn. A\p-`h-fpw ]mfn-Ifpw Fgp-]Xp-Ifn temI-n\v amX-rI-bmbn sImntLm-jn--s tIcf tamU Cv XI-bn-em-Wv. ]gb hph-\m-n ctm aqtm Nop-I-fpw (]-gb km hnemkw [amip-]{Xn-IfpsS \mS t]cp-I) aqtm \mtem Atm-n-cn-Ifpw _mn Ipsd F. -Fw.- ]n-amcpw am{X-ap-m-bn-cp-n-Sv Cv ]-\-{X Bip-]-{Xn-I apn\v apn-\v. ]cn-nXn hn\m-in\v X- f p- t S- X mb kw`m- h \ \Ip- p, Cu an kqkvs]jymen-n-Isfv kzbw Ah-Im-is-Sp òaam. km Xe-n ]n.-Fv.Un-I Fm ]m-bnepw tamtU - saUn- cPn--dn Xs 45000/- ne-[nIw Fw._n._n.Fkv _ncpZ [mcn-I, (Iq--n ]d-b-s, AXv hjw Ign-npw Cpw \apv tUmam-cpsS s{]m^jW kq hnj\v tIcf saUn- Iukn-en-. {SmhIq sImn saUn- Iuknte-bp-q) . aqtm \mtem saUn- tImtf-Pp-I-fpsS m\v Cv A\-h-[n. Kmln-I {]k-hfpw {]kq-Xn-In-Wnbpw \mSp \on. Bip-]{Xn {]k-h-tf Ctm-gp-q. amXr-inip ac-W-\n-cv Ipd-p. IpSpw- _-taw Fv ]p\\m-aIcWw sN-s IpSpw-_m-kq-{XWw hym]-I-ambn Iq-n K`--in-ip-hns enwK-\n-tbm-]m-[n-IfpsS Zpcp-]-tbmKw XS-bm \nb-a-\namWw thn hp. H-ns\mw ]me-sa v Fw. Sn. ]nb BIvn-eqsS DZm-co-Icn {`qW-lXy-bpsS hym]-\-hpw. lrt{ZmKw, InUv\n-tcm-K, An t]in-\mUn tcmK- XpSn kh taJ-e-bnepw kmt-XnI apt-- henb amw hcp-n. ss_]mkv kP-dn, Ah-bh am-i-kv{X-{In-b-I, CdmHm-p-e-thcpI-
96
BtcmKy taJ-e-bnse tIc-fob am- - s f- p- d nv am{X- a mbn Nsb Npcp-p-p-s-nepw Ah t]mepw a\-n-em-Ip-Xn\v km- e u- I nI An- a - d n- I sf Npcpn ]cm-ain-t--Xp-v. Nne \ k]--fnXm: sshZyw Hcp Ie-bm-Wv. imkv{Xobm-Sn--d-tbm-sS, AmsX ap imkvXc imJ- I - s f- t mse et_m- d - - d n- I am{Xw aqey \nbw sNt Hc-aq-hnm-\a. a\p-jy-Kn-bm-WXv. - tcmK--fnm tcmKn-I-sf-bp-q. Htc F- nepw Af- h nepw in-bn-ep-ap tcmKm-Wp-_m-[tbmtSm A_p-Z-tmtSm ]cnp-I-tfmtSm \qdp-t] {]Xn-I-cnp-Xv \qdv hn[-n-em-bn-cn-pw. mbnbpw \nb-{-W-hn-t[-b-hpamb LS- I - ip{iqjm cwKv hnc-fw. {]h-N\m-Xo-Xfm-Wv. an LS-Ifpw tcmK-_m[-bn-em-hs, tcmKm-Xp-cXbn-em-h- s.
sekv Cwm v--Xn-anc ikv{X{Inb XpSn Cu apt-- Fn-om Cu sNdp-Ipdnn\v ]{Xm-[n-] A\p-h-Zn ]cn-anX t]Pp-I t]mcm. ]oUnbm-{SnIvkv (inip tcmK imJ) t]mse Poco- b m- { SnIvkpw (hm[-Iy-P-\y-tcmK imJ)-{]m[m\yw t\Sn. sN-s-p. AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bp Ipn-shbv]pw A{]-Xy-am-bn. ]Icw ap Nne Ipn- s hbvpI (Fw.- F w.- B ) Nnt]mIvkv sl-ss-nkv _n hmIvkn-\p-I m\w ]nSnp. t]n hnj-_m-[-s-Xnsc IqSp- X kpc- - a mbn Ipnshv hp. mnIv kPdn e_v[ {]Xn-jvT-am-bn. IpjvTw òXn-Z-a-m-Xm-bn. C\n- b p- s a- { Xtbm ]dbm _mn, ]s Fhn- s Stbm Ftm Ipd- h v . Cu hnP- b - sfmw s]m- b m- s W Hcp {]XoXn ssIh-cn t\- apgph sshZy-im-kv{Xtam Btcm-Kyta-J-etbm X\nv t\Sn-b-X-. t]mj-Im-lm-ce`yX Ipdhpw Zmcn- {Zyhpw P\-kw-Jybpw \nb-{W hnt[-b-am-b-Xv. tcmK \nWb kt-X--fpsS hym]-\w. ipPe e`y-Xbnepw hnkPy-hkvXpsf ssIImcyw sNp-Xnepw ssIh- c n ]ptcm- K Xn Chbvsmw kmaq-ly-cm-{o-bhn- Zym- ` yk]c- a mb am\- - f p- v . BtcmKy kwc--Whpw BtcmKyhpw sshZy-ta-J-e-bpsS am{Xw Npa-X-etbm _m[y-Xtbm A. P\- I ob apt- - - f m- W - h - s bmw. AXp- t ]m- s e- s \psS ]mfn-Ifpw. {]Ir-Xn-\p-tbm-Py- - amb Bhm-khy-hsb XInSw adn-p A-amb hnI-k\
Ipcnv (h-kq-cn) \namP\w
Xzc, Iog-Sn-sbv \mw A`n-am-\n-n-cp Nne tcmK-fpsS Xncnv hc-hn\v Imc-W-am-bn. Hcp Imev tIc-fob sshZy hnZymn-I sSIvv _pp-Ifn am{Xw hmbn-n-cp Un-\n, NnKp-\n-b, Fen-\n XpS-n-bh ]I-hym-[n-Ifm-bn-s-cp-In. sImXp-Ip-IsXnsc ]Ip \np \mw Ahsb \in-n-m-\p Ir{Xna ktX-fpsS ê-iq-\yX sXm-dn-hcmWv. hnZym-`ymk BtcmKy cwK- -fn-ep D-chm-Zn-fn \nv Hfn-tm-Sp A`-n\h sebvt - s^b knm- \psS km-cp-Isf \bn-p Imev ip-Pew t]mepw Imip sImSpv hmtn hcp KXn-tI-Sn-temWv \mw \op-Xv. ]c-kv]cw sXmSm `b-s-Sp FbvUvkpw sl-ss-nkv _n bpw \ap-n-S-bn-ep--tm. ASn-m\ NypXn \psS \ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw ImgvN-m-Sp-I-fnepw Xs-bm-Wv. Kmn-Pn B Ipm-ban-Sm a\p-jys\ (Nn-ens ]cn-lm-kw) Btcmpp. Ctm ]d-Xv \mw ad-p. \psS Bh-iy- \nd-th-m\p hn`-h `qan Xcpw; AXym-{K-lXn-s\m-n Xm\pw. Gp-]p iX-am\w am{Xw h-cp AXn tImSo-iz-cam-cpw. 80% hcp As Aw ap-np--hcpw Xn-ep Acw IqSpw-tXmdpw BtcmKyw acn-Nn-I-bmhpw D-h-\pw, Cm--h\pw!
am[y-a-: -h-am-\hpw `mhnbpw

Fw. Ap djoZv.
(am-[yaw dntm)
]{X kzmX-{y-n\v Cu Imew ]pXnb {]Xn-k-n-I-fmWv krnp--Xv. CXv Ghpw henb kwLj-Im-e-a-, adnv Ghpw kw{àn-n-p--Xm-Wv. kXyw Hcp XhW am{Xw A-Sn--Xp-sImv Imcysam-p-an-. Fv F-Xp-t]mse Xs Fp-sImv Fp-IqSn Adnbpw hsc hm-I acn-p-n-. k lmcUv Fhnkv
temIs atXv hnI-kzc cmPy-s-mfpw am[ya km-c-X-bp kaql-amWv Cy. am[y-a--fpsS kPo-h-amb CS-s]-S, e`y-X, {]h\ kzmX-{yw, sshhn[yw Fn-s\ \psS cmPys Cu hnti-jWn\v - Al-am-p LS-I- A\-h-[n-bm-Wv.
thcpI- 97
2001se IW--\p-k-cnv 45, 974 hmm-]-{X- cmPy-p-v. CXn 5364 Fw Zn\-]{X-fmWv. lnn ]{X- am{Xw Znhkw 230 ew hmb-\m-cn Fp-p. ASn am[y-ap ]pdsa sSen-hnj Nm\-ep-I-fpsSbpw tdUn- t bm- b p- s Sbpw Cs\v t]m-ep-Ifp-sSbpw Fhpw Zn\w-{]Xn hn-p-p. 1959- ]co-Wm-Sn-m-\n Cy-bn kwt{]-Ww XpSnb Zqc-Zi icnpw P\-fn Fn-bXv 1980 Ifn-em-Wv.H-scm Zqc-Zi Nm\-en IqSn sSen-hn-j Bkz-Znp XpS-nb Cy-m Cn-tm 250 Nm\ep-I-fnse ]cn-]m-Sn-I Bkz-Znp-p. CtX hnhw Ctm tdUntbm kwt{]-jWnepw kw`-hn-p-I- bm- W v . BIm- i - h mWn am{Xw tIp ioen \mw C\n- b p \mfp-I-fn F^v.-Fw. tdUn-tbmbpsS hnkvabIcamb sshhn-[y- - - n\v kmn-Ifm-hm t]mhp-Ibm-Wv. tIc-f-nse {]apJ Zn\]-{X--fpsS Xs ]n-e-[nIw F^v.Fw. tdUntbm \ne-b GXm\pw \mIw Xs e`np XpS-pw. Cu ]d--X-{Xbpw hmm-am[y- a - - f psS {]mNm- c - s tbm sshhn- [ y- t tbm kw_np KpW-Icamb apt-sf- p-dn-m-Wv. Fm CXn-\pdw N sN-s-tS Nne-Xp-v. AXn {][m\w P\m- [ n- ] Xy kwhn-[m-\s iIvXn-s-Sp-p- X nepw cm{ ta- nepw ]ucm-h-Imi kwc--W-nepw \psS am[y- a - Fp sNpp Fp--Xm-Wv. am[y-a Bsc-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m[\ sNp-Xv? Ah BcpsS Xm]-cy--fmWv kwc-n-p-
Xv? F-sXms Cv s]mXp kaq-ln Db-cp tNmZy-fmWv. KpP-dm-n \S hwi-l-Xysb kw_-n-p sRn-n-p shfn-s-Sp--ep-I ]pd-p-sImp h sXlI-bpsS ]{Xm-[n] XcptX-Pv]m ASp-n-sS tNmZn--Xv. R sXlI sNm Ign-bp-Xv sNbvXp, lnwkm-I ^mjn-k-n-s\-Xnsc \n Fp sNbvXp Fm-Wv. kXy-n Cy am[ya temItm-SmWv tXPv]m Cu tNmZyw D-bn--Xv. Cu tNmZy-ns Dcw tXSn-bm \apv a\-n-em-hp-Xv hn]Wn- b psS Xm]- c y- - p- d - a p aqey- t _m- [ tam Ah- I mi t_m[tam \psS apJy-[mc am[y--av Cv C F-Xm-Wv. -Fp-sIm-s-m atXp cwKpw F t]mse Cy am[y-atem-I-tbpw Cv \bn-p-Xv ip-amb _nkn-\kv Xm]-cy-amsX asm-p-a-. ]{Xw D-S-a-bpsS Xm-]-cyw, ]ckyw \Ip--hcpsS Xm]-cyw, A[n-Imc tI{--tfm-Spff hnt[-b-Xzw, A-ambXpw s]m-bm-bXp-amb Xo{h-tZ-iob hnImcw Fnh am{X-amWv B[p-\nI Imev am[y-asf \bn-p-sXv t\mwtNmkvIn \ncon-n-p-v. CXv Cy am[y-a-sf kw_-npw icn-bmb \nco-W-am-Wv.
Cy-bnse {]_p-kaqlsav Ah-Im-is-Sp tIc-fn-tep hcn-I. aWn- q-dp-I am{Xw Bbp-p Fhn-sSbpw Fm cm{ob hnhm-Zv \psS ]{X-fpw sSen-hn-j Nm\-ep-Ifpw \Ip {][m-\y-n\v Ah \-Ip hni-Zo-IcWw P\w AXv B{K-ln-pp F-Xm-Wv. Fm bYmn kw`-hn-p-Xv hn]-Wn-bpsS kzm[o-\v hg-p am[y-a- krn-p Ir{Xna tImem-l-e-fn bYm P\-Iob {]iv\ ]e-tmgpw apn-tm-Ipp FXm-Wv. Cy ]{X-tem-Ins Bcw-Ìmew iIvXamb tZiob t]mcm--n-t-Xm-bn-cp-p. kzmX-{-n-\m-bp apJy iIvXn-bm-bncp Cy ]{X-. cma-Ir-jvW-]n--bpsS kztZ-im-`n-am\n, aplZv Ap-dln-ams A Aao, F _me-Ir-jvW]n-bpsS tIkcn XpSn B Ime-b-f-hn tIc-f-nepw tZio-b-t_m-[-n-\p-Whv ]I {]kn-o-IcW A\-h[n-bm-bcp-p. kzmX-{m-\c `mc- - X-n-em-hs BZy L--fn P\-ta cm{o-b-ns ]-mbn-cpp am[y-a. ASn-bn-cm-hbpsS amk-fn t]mepw P\-fpsS Adn-bm-\p Ah-Im-in-\mbn ]{X- \S-nb t]mcmw hnkva-cn-m-hp--X-. 1990 Ifnse BtKm-fo-I-c-W-n-sbpw ]p k-Xvhy-h--bpsSbpw IS-p-h-c-amWv Cy am[y-a--fpsS kz`m-h-n henb am- krjvSn-Xv. kXy-n temI-sapw am[y-acw-Kpw kw`hn Cu amw al-mb ]mc--cy-ap \psS _lp-P-\-am-[y-asf temIs hn]-Wn-bpsS tIhe em` k--fn-tev amn-f-p. CXv hm-I-fn {]Xn-^-en-Xv ]e hn[-n-em-bn-cp-p. k hK-ns AYhm {Ib-ti-jn-bp kaq-l-ns C-v
thcpI-
98
am[y- a - henb {]m[m\yw \In XpS-nb kaq-lnse ASn-m\ hK-sf ssIhnv ]{X-temIw a[y-h D]cn h Xm]cysmw k-cnp XpS-n. tKmkn-p-Ifpw ssewKnI- X bpw Dulm- t ]m- l - fpw madpw Hs \nd \ndw-]nSnn hmm-temIw krn-s-p. A- s \- b mWv aptIjv Aw_m\n hmnb ]p hnam\-ns IuXp-I- ]{X-fn Hmw t]Pv hm-bm-hpXpw ISw-Ibdn Irjn \inv B-l-Xy-bn A`bw tXSnb hb- \ m- n- s ebpw alm- c m- { bnsebpw Ij-I-cpsS thZ-\-I A{X henb hm-bm-ImsX t]mIp-Xpw. Cy apkvenw-IfpsS kmaq-lnI ]ntm-m-hsb kw_-n kao] Ime]-T-\-, hnhn[ kwm-\-fn sNdnb IjI Iqm-bvaI hInS Ip-IIs-Xnsc \Sp P\-Iob {]tm-], BtKm-fo-I-cWw Cy kaq-ln krjvSn h[n {]iv\, Zen-Xp-I-fp-sSbpw kv{XoIfp-sSbpw Zb-\ob Ah Fns\ ka-Im-enI kaq-lnse kp{]-[m\ {]iv\v am[y-a Ah Aln-p--Xnepw F{Xtbm sNdnb {]m[m-\y-amWv \Ip-Xv. Ccw kw`-h am[y-a ]qW-ambpw Xa-kvIcn- pp F- , Fm Ccw kw`-h HXp-s-SpItbm XpS-bmbn ]np-Scs- Sm-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNp-p. ]Icw shdpw cv iX-am\w k- A`n-c-an-p Hmlcn hn]-WnbpsS Xm]-cy-fpw P\-Iob {]iv\sf kv]in-m D]cn-hn-hamb cm{ob hmIv ]b- p-Ifpw {]m[m\yw t\Sp-Ibpw
sNp-p. CXv ]{X-fn am{X-a,sSen-- hn-j\nepw kw`-hn-p-p. Fhn-sSbpw Ah-km-\n-m Ip-\o ]c-cI ]S-p-hn-Sm \psS sSen- hn-j Nm\-ep-I ]d-bp \ymbw Ahv kv{Xo t{]-I Dv F-Xm-Wv. Io]-c--c-I-sf-m kv{Xo t{]-I dnbm-enn tjmI Fp hnfn-s-Sp I]-Samb kwKoX ak-cta-fsmgp-p-Iv Dm-hp-tm Nm\-ep-I H-Sw Ahn-tSv IqSp-amp-p. CXn-s-sbmw ASn-m-\-am-hs ]cky Xm]-cy--fpw. ]{Xhmb-\-m-c\pw sSen-hn-j t{]-I\pw shdpw D]-t`m-mhv am{X-am-hp-Ibpw Ahv ckn-p-Xp am{Xw am[y-a- hnf-pIbpw sNp A]-ISIcamb kml-Ncy-n-eq-sS-bmWv Cv Cy - - - am[y-atemIw \op-Xv. -
Ign hj-fn Cy P\-Xv e`y-ambn XpS-nb Cs\v Bhs hn-h-I-c-amb Hcp BtKmf am[y-a-ns Fm km[y-XIfpw \In-btmgpw Cy-bnse _lp-`q-cn-]w AXns Ao-eXbpw ssewKn-IXbpw am{Xw \nd-bp No hiw am{X-amWv D]tbm-Kn-Xv. tIc-fn am{Xw Ign Bdp-am-kn dntmv sNs-Xv 200 ssk_ss{Iw kw`-h--fm-Wv. A\ km[y-X-I-fp Hcp am[y-as Fs\ \ Zpcp-]tbmKw sNpp F-Xns sNdnb DZm-lcWw am{X-am-Wn-Xv. sRn-n-p shfn-s-Sp-ep-Ifn-eqsS Cy am[y-atem-Iv [ocX-bpsS ]pXnb amXrI krn sXlI, kucyak-cp ]nmse ]mbp am[y-a-tem-Is hnv Ij-Is Iocpw {KmaoW Cy-bpsS Bmhpw tXSn Ae-bp ]n. kmbv\m-Yn-s\t]mse Nne ]{X-{]-h-I, km[m-cm-W-m-cs Xpd Fgpn\pw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-pw Ac-sm-cp-p Bbn-c--Wn\v sh_vtm-Kp-I,-]uc]{X-{]-h-\-n\v e`n h[n kzoIm-cyX XpSn ka-Im-enI am[ya temIv {]Xo-bpsS \mpI ]eXpw Dv. ]t CsXms H-s DZm-l-c-W- am{XamWv F-XmWv ZpxJ-kXyw. `qcn-]w am[y-afpw am[y-a{]-hIcpw Nne {àn-p he-b--fns]-n-cn-p-p. B hebw ]Whpw hn]-Wnbpw tNv krn--Xm-Wv. hntZi ]{X- IqSn A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Cy am[y-atem-Itv IS-p-hcn-Ibm-Wv. Ah krn-p \nd-In-ns temIv ]nSnp \n-W-sa-n Cy am[y-a-v C\nbpw IqSp-X amtdn hcpw. B am-am-Is aqe-[-\-sbpw hn]-Wn-sbbpw IqSpX Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p--Xm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Npcp--n Cy am[y-a-tem-I-ns hcpw \mfp-I A{X ip`-I-c-a Fp Xs ]dtbnbncnp-p.
thcpI-
99
io-e-Iampw Dtm Fv -kw-i-bn-t-n-bn-cn-pp. {]Xn-ên\pw , kzw t\-n\pw thn {]hn-p-- C-h ImbnIhpw Hcp _nkn-\v t]mse-bm-sWv Icp-Xp-p. Ahn-ln-Xambn {]hn-mepw kmc-an F- cq-]n-emWv Imcy- Ah sNpXv. Hcp anJm-kn-v, Dj- C-h-cmWv Hfn-n-Ivkn \memw m\w Ic-am-nb Xmc-. Djbvv apv Djsb-t]mseBcpw Hm-Sn-bn- n. Dj Hmw \nn-bnp ]Xn\p hj-n IqSp-Xem-bn.- Ctmgpw Djsb tmse Bcpw HmSp-n-. Cs Xmc-sf Ipdnv Nnn-p-tm {]Xn-`-Ifp-sv \apv A\p-am-\nmw. Fs A`n-{]m-b-n \psS cmPy-n-\p-th-n-Hcp Hfn-nIv saU \m\q-dpw, Fqdpw ao C\--fn Inms\ kmy-X-bpp-sh-m-Wv. ImcWw, \psS cmPyw- I-gnhp sXfn-bn-n-p-Xv Cu C\--fn-em-Wv. Cu ]ntm-m-hbvv Ctmgs ]cn-io-e-\- co-Xn-bn-ep ]ng-hmtWm Imc-Wsav tXmntm- I p- p.- I m- b nI Xmc- kvIq Xe-n \coXn-bn Ignhp sXfn-bn-hcm-bXp-sImv - {]Xn-`-bp--h-cm-sWXv Xobm-Wv. Dt-PI acp-p-I kvIq apX Am-cmjv{SXew hsc D]-tbmKn-m XpS-n-bn-p-v. CXp hntZi tImp-I Cy-bn hXp apX-em-Wv. Ahv s]p Xs êw thWw. B\p-Iq-ey- Ahv hmcn-tmcn sImSp-p-p. hntZ-i-tIm-p-I h-Xp-ap-X {in-m-ednbmw F-hnsS Dt-PI ]cn-tim-[\ C, AhnsS sdtmUp-Ifpw, anI {]IS-\fpw ImWmw. FhnsS ]cn-tim-[\ - Dtm AhnsS sdtmUp-Ifpw C. s]sv \S-p a-cfn BZyw ImWn-p t\- ASp a-c--fn ImWp--pan-. CXn-\w BZy a-c--fn Dt-PI acpv D]-tbm-Knp F-Xm-Wv. Hcp Hfn-nIv saU \apv In-Wsa-n A-Stm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp - ]cn-io-e\w ChnsS AXy-m-t]-n-Xam-Wv. ]cn-io-eIamv Fm B\p-Iq-ey-fpw \In Hmtcm C\-n\pw Al-c-m-b-hsc (]-cn-ioe-Isc) \nb-an-p-Ibpw Ahsc \nco-n-m--\mbn Hcp-ap-Xn, A\p`-h-ap ]cn-io-e-Is\ \nb-an-p-I-bpw sN-Ww. Fm \apv Hcp Hfn-nIv saU {]Xo-n-mw.
thcpI-
100
ImbnIw
\ym
ap kwm-\sf At]-nv tIcfw Aven-Ivkn apn-emsW-nepw, ap cmPy-sf At]nv Cy F{Xtbm ]nd-In-emsWv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m h. Hcp Dj, ssj\n hnk, kptcjv_m_p, tbm-lm XpS-nb Imbn-I-Xm-c- cmPym-c tafbn tim`n-Xv t]mse C{Xbpw Ime- a m- b npw t]sc- S pp ]dbm X Xmc- Csp Xs ]dbmw.C- t m- g s nXn XpS-cp-I-bm-sW-n Hcp A-Xv hjw IqSn-gn-mepw êw CXp-Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav Xo. cmPy-n-\p-th-n sa-U t\SWw F- H-tc- Hcp eytmsS {]hn-Ww F Nn ]cn-io-en-p-hpw, ]cn-
P\m-[n-]Xy-ns If-cn-bmWv {K-im-e. P\-fpsS hnhn[ {]iv\ ssIImcyw sNm-\p tI{-am-Wn-Xv. aX \nc-t]-X, kmaqly t_m[w Fnh CXns apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv.
Pt\m-]Im-c{]-Zamb hnhn[ ]-Xn-I {K-im-eIsf tI{o-Icnv - \Sp hcp-p. AXp sImv Xs-bmWv \mXn ZoL-amb Ime-L-nse {]h\w sImp Xs Cu {]m\w tIc-fn-sepw thcp-d--Xv. temI-n-se-p-ap [nj-Wm-im-en-I-fmb DZv_p a\p-Isf Ap-X-s-Sp-nb Hcp alZv {]m-\mamb-Xv. {K-ime {]m-\-ns Ncn-{X-nse \nm-bIL-sf sXmp-Im-Wn-m\pw Cs Ah ]cn-tim-[n-m-\p-am-Wn-hnsS Hcp-p-Xv. tIc-f-nenv 6569 A^n-en-tb-Uv {K-im-e-I-fp-v. ]e Imc-W-fn sse{_dn Iukn-en tNcm-\m-Im {K-im-e-I-fp-mhmw. hyn-IfpsS hop sse{_-dn-I thsd. bqWn-th-gvkn-n tImtfPv kvIq sse{_-dn-I AXn-\p-]p-dsa Dv. As\ As\ hn]p-eamb {K-ti-Jcns DS-acmWv tIc-fo-b. tIc-fns - - hnZym-`ymk hf-v, kmkvIm-cn-tIm-Zv_p--X-v, cm{ob apt-n\v ASn--d-bm-bXv Cu {K ]pc-I-sf-s{X. \thm-m\ {]{Inbv Bw Iqn-bXv Cu ]m-eam-Wv. - \K-c--fnepw {Kma--fn-ep-ap P\-Iob {Km-e-b--fn 5000 6000 Fw {]h-\--aamsWv hnNm-cn-p-I. A{X aXn. icmicn Hcp {K-im-ev 10 {]h-I Fp Iqp-I. F{X {Kime {]h-I-cp-m-hpw. icm-i-cn. 4000 ]pkvX-Isa Dq Fv shtm-fq. F{X {K-fmbn? 3000 {K-im-eIv GXmv 30000 40000cq] hne aXn-p sIn-S--fp-s-n, ]ns tdUn-tbm, Sn.-hn, ^Wo- Ifn-tm-p-I As\ AXym-h-iy-ap-Xv Hs Dv Fv k]n-m aXn.
{Km-ime {]m\w tIc-f-n

]meogv \mcmbW
tIc-fnse {K-ime {]m-\ns kv hne-aXn-m-\m-hm- -Xm-Wv Fp a\-n-em-hpw. asmcp cmPypw C Cu k-v. Cy-bnse ap kwm-\fn-ep-an-. AXv sImv Cu alm-p-X- s-n Adn-tm hniz {]kn kmln-Xy-Im-c\mb Chm Cenbpw ap ]e {]K-cpw lnv lnv lptdbv Fv Bp hnfnXv. tIc- f - ns {K- i me {]m\w ]e ]ncn-hp-I tNXm-Wv. tZiob kzmX{y kacw ^yqU hncp kacw A\m-Nmc-pw A-Xpw FXncmbn kacw a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb kmwkv I m- c nI apt- - n\p thn t]mcm-Sp Cu {]m-\n\v Cs\ ]e hgn-Ifp-v. Ad-_n-YIfnse alm-p-Xsf-tmse Hcp kp{]-`m-Xn {]Xy- - - -s--X CsXms F Ncn-{X-kXyw \ Adn-b-Ww. Cu alXv {]m-\ns Kpfn-Is-t-p ]pXnb Xe-apd aps ISp-t]mb XymK-k-cpsS ITn-\m-zm-\ns Ncn{Xw ]Tn-Ww. \mSpw hoSpw adv hmb\ ime FXv Pohn-X-{h-Z-am-n-b-h-sc--n, Ah-cp-m-nb alm m]-\--sf--n, Ah-bpsS kwLm-X-amb tIcf {Km-ime kwL-s-n a\-n-em-Ww. ImcWw CXv {Kime kwL-ns Adp-]Xmw hj-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]Xy ]p\x-m-]\-n-\p-tijw cq]w sIm tIcf tv sse{_dn Iuknens ]mw hj-am-Wv. B\-p-dn-cn-p-tm B\-bpsS s]mw IqSn tN-XmWv Xs Dbcw Fv Hmm-Xn-cp-m Dcp-p-]n-cv
thcpI- 101
Xmsg hotW-pw.
{K-im-e-I kwL-S-\bn
{K- i m- e - I sf Hcp Nc- S n tIm ]pjv]- - f m- pI Fm-ibw cq]w sImXv 80 hjw apm-Wv. 1910- m]n s\m-nIc m\-{]-Zm-bn\n hmb-\-im-e-bpsS BXn-Yy-n Hmw AJne Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq {K-ime kt-f\w 1926- \Sp. {K-im-e-Iv 100 cq] sXmv 500 cq] hsc {Km v \IWw. Khsa v ew sIn-Sap-m-m kuP-\y-ambn A\ph-Zn-Ww. Khsa v {]kn-oI- c - W - kuP- \ y- a mbn \IWw Fsm- s - b p Bh-iy--fmWv kt-f\w Dbn--Xv. AXnta cmP-`-cWw A\p- I q- e - a mb Xocp- a m- \ - a mWv FSp-Xv. {Km v 200 cq]-hsc-bmn. Khsa v ew At]-Iv \Im-sa-m-bn. ]s Cu kwL-S\{iaw {]mcw-`nse - Iq-S-p. 1945 sk]vXw-_ 14\v Be-pg ]n.-sI. satm-dnb {K-im-e-bpsS Dm-ln A- e - p- g - b n \S kt-f-\-amWv AJne Xncp-hnXmw- I q {K- i m- e m- k wLw F kwL-S\v cq]w \Inb-Xv. AXn- \ n- S - b vv ae- _ m- d nepw sImn-bnepw {K-im-e-I-fpsS kwL-S\Ifp-m-bn-cp-p. 1931- - - Xrq- c n \S sImn cmPys {Kime- I - f psS tbmKw kakvX tIcf ]pkvXIm-eb kanXn F kwL-S\ cq]o- I - c n- p. {K- h n- l mcw Fsmcp ss{Xam-knI {]kn-oI- c n- p- h m \n- b n- p- I bpw 1931 G{]n 1 \v {]Y-a- ew Cdp- I bpw sNbv X p. kt- f - \ -
ns \S-n-p-m-cn {][m\n Fw. B. sI. kn F kmlnXy-tem-I-n {]kn--amb sNp-fv sNdn-b-Ip-n-cm-a-ta-t\m-\mbn-cp-p. tIc-fm-Sn-m-\n {Km-im-eIsmcp kwL-S\ F k]-n\v Bcw`w Ipdn-Xv Xrq kt-f-\-am-Wv. ]s AXn\pw Gsd Bbp-p-m-bn-. ae-_m-dn tZiob {]-m\ns `mK-am-bn-cpp {K-im-e-I. AXn-s\mcp kwL-SnX cq]w thW-sa Nn {]ikvX amIvknb Nn-I\mb sI. Zmtam-Zc\mWv Ah-Xcn-n-Xv. {K-imeI - - - W-`w-Kp-cfm-Icp-sXpw \nXy-Po-hn-Xhp-ambn _-sv m\- hn-XcWtI-{-ambn Db-cWsapw sI. Zmtam-Zc 15-03-37 se amXr- - - `qan ]{X-n Fgp-Xn. kwL-ap-m-m-\mbn tbmKw hnfn-p. tImgntmSv Su lmfn 1937 Pq 11 \v tN {]Xn-\n[n tbmK-n ae-_m Unkv{SnIvSv t_mUv {]kn-U v sI. tIf- A[y-X hln-p. IqsXmv \ne-q hsc-bp {]tZ-ifn \nv aptm- tdmfw {]h-I kn-ln-Xcm-bn. a[p-ch\w IrjvWp-dpv {]knUpw sI. Zmtam- Z - c sk{I- - d n- b p- a mbn ae- _ m hmb\mimemkwLw cq]o-Icn-p. {]kwK ]cn-io-e\hpw s]mfn-n- mpw \nim]m- T - i m- e bpw Is- g pv amkn- I bpw apJy- { ]- h - \ - fmWsav Blzm\w sNbvXp. Hmtcm tIm{Kv I-nbpw Hmtcm hmb-\ime cq]o-Icn-Wsa \ntZiw AwKo-Icn-p-Ibpw IqSmsX - ss{]a-dn--l-b Fen-sadn kvIqfp-I-fn s]mXp hmb-\m-im-e-I Dm-Wsav A`n-{]m-bs]-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. - 1943 Unkw-_-dn Xriq-cn tN tbmKw tIcfw apgp-h hym]nn-p-hm Ign-bp-amdv tIcf {K-ime kwLw cq]o-I-cn-p-hm \n-bn-p. I-n-bn _mem-a-Wn-b-, sI. tKmZ-h, ]\-n tKmhn-ta-t\m,-s{]m-^. tPmk^v ap-t-cn, Fkv.Kp-]vX\m-b, kn.Dn-cmP, ]n.-sI.-tIfp Fn-hscqn-tNp. sI.-Zm-tam-Zc Pbnenepw Hfn-hnepw BI-bm a[p-c-h\w IrjvW-p-dp-ns\ sk{I--dnbm-n. tIcfw cmjv{So-bambn Hm-Ip-Xn\v apv kmwkvIm-cn-Iambn Hm- I m {K- i me {]h- I apssI- s - S p- p Fw.1946 tImgn-tmv tN tbmKw ka-{K-ambn {Kimem \nbaw thW-sa-m-h-iy-s]--Xpw1949 {K-im-em-{]-hImbn 10-Zn-h-ks ]cn-io-e\ Iymv \S-n-bXpw tIc-f-nse kwL-n kp{]-[m\ {]h-\--fm-Wv.
tIc-f -{K--imem kwL-ns ]ndhn

1949 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw sImnbpw Xn kwtbm-P\w \S-p. {Kim-em-kwLw Xncp-sImn {K-im-em-kw-Lambn . 11-03-49\v FdWmIpfw ]nIv sse{_-dn-bn kwm-\-G-Io-I-cW Npa-X-e-m-c-\mb- hn. ]n tat\m-s -sImn apJy-a{n C--hm-cy-cp-sSbpw Xncp-hnXmw-Iq {][m-\-a-{n-bm-bn-cp Sn..-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n--bp-sSbpw kmn-y-n GIo-IcW{]-{Inb ]qn-bm-m \nivNbn-p. - - AXn-\n-Sbvv kz-ambn Bm\w Is-m \S-nb ITn-\mzm\w ]cn-l-cn-t--Xp-v. Bcw`w Xncp-h-\--]pcw {io Nnnc {K-im-e-bn \nv . _yptd-{I-kn, Fn\v bqWn-th-gvknn ta[mthcpI-
102
hn-I hsc FXnp-ambn hgn apS-n-bn-p-v. {]kn-U v `c-WIm--e-mWv ]nIv sse{_dn tImw]u-n A]w ew e`n-Xv. C-s-tmse Apw FXnp-m-bn. P\-Iob {]m\-tmSv ka-cksp t]mIm - _yptdm-{Ikn (AXv sse{_-dn-Ifn-se-bm-bm-epw) k--am-hp-n. C.-Fw. Fkv a{n-k-`-bpsS hnZym- ` ymk a{n- b m- b n- c p {]K kmln-Xy-Im-c tPmk^v ap-t-cn-bmWv Bm-\ancw - DZvLm-S\w sNbvXXv. 1930 32 Imev tIcf {]tZiv tIm{Kkv In-n-bn (sI.-]n.kn.-kn) CS-Xp-] kzm[o\w ZrV-am-bXv ae-_m-dn hmb-\ime-I-fpsS hym]-\-n\v klm-bI-am-Ipw, Ij-Isc kwL-Sn-nm\pw Pan-m-cpsS Nqj--Wn \npw tamNn-n-m\pw Bkq-{Xn-X-amb {iaw Bcw-`n-tm- g mWv Ij- I - c - S - - a p A[zm-\n-p-hsc Nqj-Wn \nv tamNn-n-m\pw Bkq-{XnX-amb {iaw Bcw-`n--tm-gmWv Ij-IcSap A[zm-\n-p-- - - hsc Acw ]Tn-n-m-\p DZyaw AXym-h-iyhp ASn-b-nc {]m[m- \ y- a p- - X p- a m- s Wpw t_m[y-am-b-Xv. Hcp hmb-\-ime Bcw-`n-p-I, ]{Xw hcp-p-I, Dds hmbnp tIn-p-I. cm{ob hm-I hnti-jnpw N sNp-I. Inm-hp-]p-kvXI- tiJ-cn-p-I. Is-gpv amkn-II Bcw-`n-pI Fnh tIm{kpImcp-sSbpw ]ptcm-Ka\ hmZn-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn. Iq-cn-\Spv amv {io lj hmb-\ime DZm-lcWw. - sI. ]n. B tKm]m-e\pw sI.F. tIc-fo-b\pw apw tNv m]n- - X mWv . {io lj Iq Pbn-en acn kac `S-
\m-Wv. C. sI. \mb-\m {io lj hmb-\im-ebpsS Is-gpv amkn-I-bn Ihn-X-I-sf-gp-Xn-bn-cp-p-shv tIn-p--tm. Nppw \nch[n hmb-\-im-e-Ifpmbn. 194648 Imev Ipsd \in-n--s-p. ae-_m-dnse sse{_dn kwhn-[m\w hfsc hyXy--amb coXn-bn-embn-cp-p. aZn-cmin kwm-\-ns `mK-am-bn-cp ae-_m-dn 1948 Xs {K-ime \nb-aap-m-bn-cp-p. ]s aps kqNn-n hn[w cq]--s P\-Iob {K-im-eIfpsS LS-\bpw \nb-ahy-hbpw - Xn s]mcp-s-n-cp-n-. \nbaw \S-m-n-bXv 1951-em-Wv. AXv {]Imcw Khsans \nb-{-W-n-ep tem sse{_dn AtXm-dn-n \ne-hn hp. ae-_m F.-F.-F-bpsS Bm\w tImgn-m-m-bn-cp-p. Khsa v t\man-t\v sNbvX-hcpw sXc-sSp-s-hcpw tN \ntbm-Kn-p hyn {]kn-U v, Pnm hnZym`ymk Hmô-k sk{I--dn, 1959- ]me-m-Sv,-I-q tem sse{_dn AtXm-dn-n-I cq]o-Icn-p. Hcp tI{ sse{_dn AXn \npw ]pkvX-I- ISw e`n-p Ipsd sse{_-dn-I ]{Xw hmm\pw apw Chbvv am{Xw klm-b[\w sset{_-dn-bampw apw Poh-\-mpw ifw \Ipw. AXn-\p ^v sse{_-dn skv hgn-bmWv e`n-p-I. Fnpw ,skv ]ncn F{Xtbm cq] hnhn[ IS-]--Xn-I-fnepw apw \nt]n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p-sh-s{X. F.-F.F sse{_-dn-I tIc-f-{K--im-em- kw-L-n ebn-pwhn-[-amWv {K-im-em -\n-b-a-nhyh-. ]t- C-S-m-es A\m-Ym-h \nc-h[n ]p-I-fpw Nne sIn-S-wt]mepw \in-m\n-Sbm-bn. F.-F.F. Poh-\m km-n-Iambpw am\-kn-Iambpw A\p- ` - h n kSw ]d- - d n- b n- m- \ m- h n- . aqmw sse{_dn Iukn F.-F.-F-. {]-iv\-n\v imizX ]cn-lmcw I-m\p {ia-n-em-Wv.
]pXnb Imew : ]pXnb IS-a-I

`mjmkwm-\--fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-ns ê-ambn 1956 tIcf kwm\w m]n-s]-p. kzm`m-hn-Iambpw tIc-fn-s\m-c kwLS\ F Nnbvv thK-XIqSn. 1957 s^{_p-hcn-bn tImgn-tmSv sI.-]n. tIi-hta-t\ms Ay-Xbn tN D-ctI-cfm {Kimem kt-f\w H kwL-S\ Fv Blzm\w apg-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 15-09-58\v tIcf {K-im-emkwLw ]nd-p. Xnc-s-Sp-s] {]h-IcpsS AXn-hn-]p-eamb Ishj2809-58\v tN ]\-n tKmhn--ta-t\m {]kn-Uv sI.-Zm-tam-Zc,Fw-.]n.- aa-Y (ssh-kv{]-kn-UUv)]n.-F.-]Wn-(-sk-{I-dn)-Fw.Fw.tPm(-{S-j-d) F.]n. \ym ,sI.sI \mb, F.-_m-etKm-]m-e, kn.sI amWn Fn-hcSp `c-Wkan-Xnsb Xnc-s- Spp. tIcf {K-im-em-kw-Ln\v 1945- sXm-v 77hsc HXp {]knUp-am,]t Hcp sk{Idn ]n. F ]Wn- \nb-am-\p-krXw sXc--Sp--s] Xmeqv bqWn-b-\p-I h-tXmsS HmK-ss\kamsc Hgn-hm-n. ]n.-Sn.`m-kvI-c--Wn- {]kn-U-mb memWv ]pXn-b-\n-c-h[n ]-Xn-I Gs-Sp--Xv. t\XrXz ]cn-io-e\hpw sse{_-dn-b ss{S\nwKv tImgvkpw,-km-cXm {]h-\hpw thcpI- 103
(]t {]h- \ - ] - - X n- b n htbm-P\hn-ym-`ym-khp-apv ae- _m-dn)Gs-Sp-p. sse{_-dn, Pbn sse{_dn, Pqh- s s\ sse{_dn ,ImjnI ]p- I tImW, km-i-c-tI-c-fw, {KtemIw, kplrZv kan- X n As\ Fsms Ctm-gp kvIoap-Isf-]n ]cm-ajn-p-n. 1970 Unkw-_dn \S Pq_nen BtLm-jhpw AXns apsmcp--ambn Fgp-]Xv \hw-_ 8 apX Unkw-_ 20 hsc \S kmwkvIm-cnI PmYbpw tIcfm {K- i mem kwLw- ]- I z- X bm kmwkvIm-cnI {]m-\ambn Dbp F-Xns {]Jym]-\-am-bn-cn-p. ]e epw kmwkv I m- c nI D- h - - f mWv AXp-ambn _-sp \S--Xv. hmbnp hf- c pI, Nnnp hnthIw t\Sp-I F- a{w tIcfo-b- a-\-p-I-fn Dd-n-p-hm PmYbvpw Pq_n-enpw km[np. Xps ap{Z Igp- n Xqn Fgp-pImcpw kmwkvImcnI {]h- I cpw tIc- f - nepS\ofw kmwkvIm-cnI \thmm- \ - ns kt- i - h p- a mbn k-cWsav alm-Ihn h- - tm apsm-cn- Blzm\w sNbvXn-p--s{X. B hnfn-tI-Xv tIcf {K-imem kwL-am-Wv. 1973 sXc-s-Sp-n CS-Xp] at\m-`m-hm-cmb {]hI- c mWv `c- W - k - a n- X n- b n- t ev sXc-s-Sp--s]--Xv, Fmepw `mc- h m- l n- I - f psS sXc- - S pv GI-I-WvT-ambn Xs \S-p. s{]m^.-Xm-bmv i-c ({]-knU v), ]n.-F ]Wn- (P-\d sk{I-dn) B Ap-X \mb, sXaw _me-Ir-jvW (ssh kv {]kn-Upam), sF.-hn.-Zm-kv, sP.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e \mb (tPm-
b v sk{I--dn-am) ]n.-Pn. ]pcp-tjm--a]n ({S-j-d) Fn-h `mc-hm-ln-I. ]t Xmbmv i-c-sbpw ]n.-F ]Wn--cptSbpw s]mXp-{]-h\ ssienIs]mcp-sn. km-cXm-{]-h\w kwL-n\nv thsd-bm-m Nne \S-nb {iahpw cmjv{So-bamb Nne `n-XIfpw {]Xn-kn-Ifpw aqNn-p. \mh-Sp-Ibpw ]Wnsb-Sp-p-Ibpw sNm am{Xw A\p-hm-Zap ASn-bn-cm-hbpsS kuIcyw D]-tbm-Knv 1977 amv 17 \v {K-imem kwL-ns `cWw Khsa v Gs-Sp-p. Khsa v t\man-t\v sNp It{Sm t_mUp-IfmW v AXn-s- ^pssSw sk{{IdnbmWv `cWw \S-n-bn-cpXv. kwL-ns P\m-[n-]Xy kz`mhw ]p\: m]n-m\pw tIc-fn\v ka-{K-amb {K-im-em\n-baw AwKo-Icn-p-In-p-Xn-\pambn \S-nb [otcm-Zm-hpw A\p-kyqXhp-amb t]mcm--ns IYbpw ]cmajnt-Xpv. P\m-[n-]Xy kz`mhw \jvSs-SmsX Hcp kwhn[m-\tmSv tbmPn-m hIpv Xe-hamv km[n-m-Xm-bn-cpp XS-w. a{n-amhsc Xn--f-bp-hm Nq--ap-m-hn--tm. HSpw 1989 C.sI \mb-\m a{n-k-`bnse hnZym-`ym-k-a-{n-bmbn-cn \nb-a\mb sI. N{-ti-Jcs Dm-ln-emWv {Kim-em-\n-baw ]mkm-n-bXv. AXp-{]Imcw Xnc-s-Spv \Sn 94 G{]n 27 \v Hmw sse{_dn Iukn \ne-hn hp. {K-imem- {]-h-\ns P\-Iob kz`mhw XI-Xpaqew kwL-n\p h ]cn-p-I DW-p-Ibpw, aX \op-Ibpw P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn[m\w ]p\: m]n-n-pI F {iaIcamb I-hy-am-bn-cnp Hmw Iukn-en\p \In-bn-cn--Xv.
C\n ?
imkv{Xkmt-XnI cw-Kp-mb hnkvt^m-S\n-s\m-nv {K-im- e-Isf B[p-\n-IhXvIcn-pI F cmw Iukn-ens ap{Zm- - hmIyw hnSm-sX-bmWv aqmw sse{_dn Iukn aptmv t]mIpXv. AtXm-sSmw ss]XrI kwc-Wn\v Du \Ip-pv. - hnZym-ebn \nv sse{_-dn-bn-tev F s]mXp-]cn-]m-Sn-bp-ap- v. AsXms icn ]s hmb\ acn-p-p-sh {]Nm-cthe Hcp hi-v, ]pkvXIfpsS A\n-b{n-Xamb hne h-\hv Hw. XymK- - ]q-amb s]mXp {]h-\-tm-Sp aSpv Hcn-S-v. Fn\pw GXn\pw apSw krn-p _yqtdm-{I-kn-bpw. ko-amb Ah-bn-emWv tIcf tv sse{_dn Iukn-ens \n]v. Fm al-mb ]mc--cy-ns ]mtY-b-hp-ambn cmPy-kvt\-l-]-c-amb ey-tmsS \apv {]bmWw XpSt ]q.
thcpI-
104
Hcp Im-Sn-s-n? Imtm! Im-Sn--W-sa-n \r-am-Sm Ce-I tht? Ce-I thW-sa-n ac- tht? ac- thW-sa-n a\p-jymn-smcdpXn tht? AXp-m-hn--, ]ns Fn-\p-sh-dpsX Hcp Cfw Imn-\mbv sImXn-p-p ? Cu hnS-hm- A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cu bm{Xv Ay-an-... Hcp sX hmepw Cs-n-epw...
thcpI-
105
thcpI-
106
apl-Zv jn\m C.]n

sk v _n.-tImw. tIm. Hmv
{]W-bn\n .... \n\-mbv.....

ap Xpn t]mse ]hn-{X-amb kvt\lw Ah-fn \npw {]Xon-p-sIm-mWv Ahs\pw Im-kn-te-p Hmtcm NphSpw hn-cp--Xv. Iqp-Im-tcm-sSmv Ifn- p- - k np \S- p- t mgpw Ahtfm-Sp kvt\lw am{X-am-bncp-p. Ah-fpsS Hcp t\m-n-\mtbm.. Hcp sNdp ]pn--cn-m-tbm... Ahs Dw sImXn-p-am-bn-cpp. Ah- t \m- S p kv t \lw abn]oen t]mse t\cn-bXpw ag-hnp t]mse at\m-lchp-am-bn- cp-p.... Xs kvt\lw Ah-tfmSv Xpdp ]d- b m thn Ah- k - c - tXSn \Sp-Ibm-bncpp Ah. X\nv Ah-tfm-Sp kvt\lw Iqp-Im-cp-ambn ]p-sh-bvm Ah `b-p. \ncmi ]qv Ah-sfp-dn-p Hm-I-fp-ambn ]qtm--n Hgn-hp-th-f-I sNe-hn-tm Imp-hv Ahs ImXp-Ifn Xgp-In. Ahs kvt\lw AhtfmSv Xpdp ]d-bm, ]q Ahs Ip-Ifn-tev t\mn samgnp. C\nbpw sshIn-bn-n-.... HmWm-h-[nv tijw kpJ-I-c-amb Hm-I-sfmw s]mXn-p-sIn Ah Iym-kn-tep Xncn-p. Hcp ]p {]Wb-ns a[p-chpw \pWp--sIm-mhmw C\n-bp Xs Iem-eb PohnXw F-hs a\v a{n-p. Hcp tdmkm-]q-hn a\p ]In Iym-kn-\p-n Ah Ahmbv Xncn-p. Ah-fpsS a\v Xs \ntj-[n-n-s ]q hnizm-ktmsS Atm-gmWv Iym-knse amp-hn Hcp Aq- XmSnsb Xmtem-en-p Ahsf Ah I-Xv. sas hndp Im-]m-ZtfmsS Ah Ah-fpsS Acn-In-tev sNp. - `bw Ahs hmbsb aqSn sIn. Hpw ]d-bm-\m-ImsX Ah AqXm-Snsb Xmtem-enp \np Ah-fpsS ap-Jtv t\mn \np. Cfw Imn A-q- XmSn Ah-fpsS ssII-fn \npw ]d-bp.-Ah B Aq- XmSnsb ssI Fn-n-Sn-p. Xs s\tmSv tNp. amp-hn \npw \S-Iep Ahsf t\mn - Ah a\-n a{n-p.
Hpw ]d- b m- \ m- I msX Ah Aq- Xm- S nsb Xmtem- e np th-\en .....\n\-mbv .... Impsh smsc {]Wbw ..., Cu Aq- \np Ah-fpsS ap-Jtv XmSn t]mse \n ssII-fn Fn-m t\mn \np.
Ign-ncps-n ......
thcpI-
107
amKkn kanXn
Bgvndnbh
\psS a\kn thcpdnv Iqcncpn Hcmbncw kqcyamcpsS tXPpambn ]Ss]mcpXnb abnebpw kmlpssk\pw t_\ko _qtmbpw..... Acsf AKv\nbmn XfpsS XqenIIsImv aebmf kmlnXyn hkw Xo Fw.F. hnPb\pw kn.hnbpw kn.tZhcmP\psamw C\n lrZbfn am{Xw.
Fw. F. hnP-b
ae-bm-f-nse {]ikvX kmlnXy \ncq-]-I-\pw, `mjm-ym-]-I\pw CS-Xp-] Nn-I-\p-amb hnP-b amjv 2007 Htm-_ 3\v Xriqcn shv A-cn-p. tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW]n-bpsS \ncq-]WmZiw At-l-ns Ime-n\v tijw ka-hpw, km--I-hp-ambn ]np-S \ncq-]-I-\mWv Fw.-F. hnP-b. B\ Ctdm-nkw F k]s BZm-c-am-n-bp At-l-ns ]T-\-amWv BZys a\x-im-kv{X-]-T-\-ambn IW-m--s-Sp--Xv. CS-Xp-] Nn-I FmWv Fw. F hnP-bs\ s]mXpsh hnti-jn-s-Sp-Xv. ]ptcm-Ka\ Iem-km-ln-Xy-ns A[y--\mbpw tZim-`n-am\n hmcn-IbpsS ]{Xm-[n-]cmbpw Ctlw {]hn-n-p-v. kn.-]n. sF.Fw. Hcp hn-h-]mn-bm-sWpw Acw kwLS-\--Iv Impw shfn-hpw IS-p-h-cp-Xv B]-m-Wv F Fw. F hnP-bs hne-bn-cp- hnhm-Zhpw hfsc hmm {]m[m-\y-hp-ap-m-n. hnaX amnv ]-ns IqsS-bm-bn-cpp At-lns Ah-km\w Imew. a\p-jy ]mp temI-, NnX-bnse shfn-w, amXr-`qan-I ]qp-tm, ImgvNmSv XpS-n-bhbmWv Fw. F hnP-bs - {][m\ IrXn-I.
thcpI-
108
kn.-hn. {iocm-a
1931- s^{_p-hcn 7\v sNdp-Xp-cp-n-bn P\n kn. hn. {iocm-a ae-bm-fnse {]apJ sNdp-IYm-Irpw t\mh-en-p-am--bn-cp-p. IYm Xp-hn-t\mSv \oXn-]p-ep-hbmWv kn.-hn. {iocm-as IY-I. - A\m-btk\ ac-Ww, sdbnsh ]mf- Fnh At-lns {]i-kvXamb IY-Ifm-Wv. {iocm-as IY-I F At-lns sNdp-IYmkamlmc-n\v 1999- tI{ kmlnXy Am-Za-n ]pckvImcw e`n-p. _meyhpw {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-khpw {ioe--bn-em-bn-cp-p. XpSv Ipw-Ipfw Kh. sslkvIq Xr-iq sk v tXmakv tImtf-Pv, awKem-]pcw sk Ate-jykv tImtf-Pv, a{Zmkv tem tImtfPv Fn-hnS-fn \nmbn hnZym-`ym-kw. 7 hjw B-am \ntm-_m Zzo]k-aq-ln Ing- _wKm A`-bmn-Isf IpSntbdn ]mnp hIp-n DtZym-K--\m-bn-cp-p. XpSv tIc-f-n hoembn {]mo-kv XpS-n. tIcf kmlnXy Am-Zan FIvkn-Iyq-ohv In-n-AwKhpw tI{ kmlnXy Am-Z-an-AwK-ambpw {]hn-p. 2007- Htm-_ 10\v Cu temI-tmSv Atlw hnS-]-d-p.
kn. tZh-cm-P
Xs- am-kvacnI kwKoXw sImv ae-bmfn a\-p-IfpsS lrZbw Ih tZh-cm-P am sImw Pn-bnse ]d-hq-cn P\n-p. apqdn-tesd ae-bmf Nn{Xv Atlw kwKoXw ]Ip \In. CXn\p ]pdta ]e-\m-S-I-pw Ccp-]Xv Xangv Ne-Nn-{X-pw, 4 IU Ne-Nn-{X-pw Atlw Xs tZh-cm-K ]Ip \In. ae-bm-f-nse \nXy lcnX Km\--fmWv tZh-cm-P amdpsS Km\--fn ]e-Xpw. Xan-gvNn-{X-amb Ass thfm-n F-Nn-{X-nse Km\w hfsc {]i-am-bn-cn-p. tIc-fkm-cns Ghpw \ Ne-Nn{X kwKoX kwhn-[m-bI\p ]pc-kvImcw Av - XhW tZh-cm-P t\Sn. 18mw hb-n Atlw Xs- B-Zys imkv{Xob kwKoX Itcn \S-n. Iyq-Wnv {]m-\-n-tev BIr-jvS-\mb tZh-cm-P am Xs kKm-I P\-Iob kwKo-X-n-\mbn kan-p. \mSIcw-Kv {]i-amb K.P.A.C bn Atlw tNp. s]mcn-hm-fn-fn-bnev Is-dn-bp-tmsf F Km\w \mS-Icw-Kv {i t\Sn. K.P.A.C. pw AXnse AwK-pw Iyq-Wnv XXz-imkv{XtmSv Hcp XmbvNph-Sm-bncpp. \n-fs Iayq-Wn-mn F -\m-SIw tZh-cm-Ps kwKoX Pohn-X-n\v hgn-n-cn-hm-bn. ae-bmf Ne-Nn{X Km\--fn Ghpw IqSp-X cw-K- D]-tbm-Kn- Xv Hcp ]t tZh-cm-P\m-bn-cn-pw. tZh-cm-KfpsS Im-hmb tZh-cm-Ps\- tem-Ins \m\m- `m-Kfn-ep-ap ae-bm-fn-I kvacn- p-p.79-mw hb-n 2007-amv 14\v B kwKo-X- N-{I-hn Acsm-gn-p. Atlw Poh ]I kwKo-X--fn-eqsS Cpw Atlw Pohn-pp.
thcpI-
109
abn-e
km{am-PyXz k-Xn-bmb sIm-tIm-fs-Xnsc ]S-\bn-p-Xn\v ap \nc-bn \nv kss[cyw t]mcm-Snb [oc-h\n-XbmWv abn-e. mn-aSbnse tKm{X-h-m-cn \npw Ihs-Sp-s-Sp Pe- nbpw ap {]IrXn hn`-h--fp-sSbpw \jvS--sfp-dnv AhKmlw Dm-nsbSpm\pw Ahsc X\n-smw {]Xn-tj-[ns hgn-bn-tev Iqnsmphcm\pw abn-ev Ignp. sIm-tImf ^mIvdn-bnse Xs Hcp sXmgn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp abn-e sImtImf hncp In Dmnsmv kn-bn-m-kacw {]Jym-]n-p. ssZhns hc-Zm-\ambn \apvInnb ]pgbpw ap {]IrXn hn`-hfpw Ims-Sp-p-I-bpw- a-en-\-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Cu [oc-h\nX t]mcm-Sn-bXv Xs kzw Bh-iy--, adnv \apv thnbm- b n- c np, P\- X v thn- b m- b n- c n- p. outlook hon-en-bpsS AhmUv Ahsc tSn-sbnbnpv. 2007 P\p-h-cn-bn Ah t]m-fn \npw bm{X-bmbn....... Nqj-Wan-m-, ka-can-m temI- t - v . kaq- l - n \m\m- X p- d - I - f nephcpw Ahv Atym-]Nmcw Anp. -
t_\-ko `qtm
]mn-m P\m-[n-]Xy-ns Ah-km\ {]Xo-bm-bn-cn t_\ko `qtm-Nm-th B{I-a-W-n sIme-sN--s-p. t_\-ko Hcp kpm-\sb-tmsebmbn-cnp. [oc-\mb ]nXm-hns ]cm-{I-an-bmb aI . cmPy-ns ]c-am-[n-Im-c-n \npw Xqp-acntev \Sp t]mb- ]n-Xmhv, sIme-sN-s ktlm-Zc, IpSpw-_n \np-X-s-bp-mb Xncn--Sn-I, `m-hp-m-nb hnhm-Z-, A[n-Im-c-n \npw cp hw ]pd-m-, Hcp ZiIw \o {]hmkn Pohn-Xw XpS-nb {]Xn-kn-I \n-dXm-bn-cnp t_\ko-dns Pohn-Xw. P\p-hcnbn sXc-s-Spv \S-m-\n-cns t_\ko-dns sIme-]m-XIw ]mn-ms P\m-[n-]Xy-`mhnsb Ccpnem-gvn. \mn-te-p aS-n-h-chv Hcp ]t- a-c-W-n-te-m-Imsav t_\ko-dn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. ac-W-n\p apn app-a-SmsX Ah-km-\izmkw hsc t]mcm-Sm Xsbmbn-cnp `qtm ]p{Xn-bpsS Xocp-am\w. cmPyw A]-I-S-n-em-sW--dnbmw F-XpsIm-mWv Fs Poh Xs ]W-bs-Spn Rm ChnsS hXv. P\--fmsI `b-sp Ign-bp-I-bm-Wv. \ Cu cmPys {]Xnk-n-bn \nv Ic-I-bpw. F Ah-cpsS Ah-km\ hmp-I t]mepw ASn]-X-dm [oc-X-p D-tam-Zm-l-c-W--fm-Wv.
thcpI-
110
kmw lpssk
Ata-cn- km{am-Py-Xz-n-s\-Xnsc t]mcmSn temI P\-Xp apn Xs [ocX ImgvN sh kmw lpssks Ayhpw [o-cambncpp. _Akv ]m-nbpsS Xe-h-\m-bn-cp At-lns `c-W-n\p Iogn atX-Xc Ad_n hmZw, km-nI ]cn-jvIm-c, Ad_v tkmjy-enkw Fnh Cdmv kzoI-cnp. Cdm-ns\ \ho-I-cn-p--Xnepw Ad_v D]-`q-J-WvV-n Cdm-Jn\v ncX \Ip--Xnepw km-ans `cWw klm-bnp. _Akv ]mn- A[n- I m- c n sImp- h 1968- se ssk\nI An-adn-bpsS Hcp {][m\ kwLm-SI kmw lpsk\m-bn-cp-p. At-l-ns `c-W-Im-e-mWv Cdm Cdm-Jv bpw., K^v bpw Fnh \S-Xv. Xs `c-Ws Anc-s-Sp-p apt--sf Atlw ASn--an. C{km-tb-ens\-Xn-cmbpw Ata-cn-bvv FXn-cmbpw Np-dtmsS \ne sIm Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cpp kmw F-XmWv Cu P\-{]n-Xnv Imc-Ww. Ata-cn--bpsS CdmJv A[n-\n-th-j-n\p tijw kmw Hcp Unkw-_ 13-\v ]nSn-Iq-Ss-p. tUmam, ho-eam, Atacn- `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I Fn-h-cpsS apn shv kmw 2006 Unkw-_ 30 cmhnse 6 aWnv Xqnte-s-p.
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X\-Xmb A`n-\b NmcpX sImpw \r Nph-Sp-IsImpw hnf-nb Cy kn\n-abnse \mbnI ]n\n 2006 sk]vXw-_ 26\v Ac-sm-gn-p. lnn, sXepv, Xan-gv, ae-bmfw XpSnb `mj-I-fnse \m\q-tdmfw kn\n-a-I-fn A`n-\-bn-n-p-v. ]n\n Fm `mj-Ifnepw Unw-Kn\v Xs i_vZw Xs-bmWv D]-tbmKn-n-cp--Xv. I\ F Nn{X-n-eqsS \mbn-Ibmbn kn\nam Pohn-X-n-tev {]th-in ]n\n Cy kn\n-a-bnse CXnlmk Xmc--fmb Fw.-Pn.-B, inhmPn KtW-j, t{]w\-ko, cmPvI]q Fn-hsm-samw \mbn-Ibmbn A`n-\bn-p. apXv hjw kn\nam PohnXw \bn ]n-\n-sb tXSn `mjm-]camb - Ign-hp-Iv sImSp-p AhmUp-Ifpw tXSn-sb-n. 1961- hnhm-l-tijw kn\n-an-bn \npw ]mXn-hn-p-\nv `c-X\mSyw F \r-I-e-bn-tev IqSp-X {i sNep-n. Ata-cn-bn nc-Xm-a-k-am-nb A-h 1977- mkn \r hnZym-ebw \yq tPgvkn-bn XpS-n. Cv Ata-cn--bn Ghpw IqSp-X Adn-b-s-Sp Hcp hnZym-e-b-amWv ]n\n ss^ BSvkv. hnhm-ln-X, A[ym-]n-I, Ipam-ckw-`hw, t\mm Zqcv Ipw \v, hmkvXp lmc, tUmf Fnh ]n-\n-bpsS {][m-\s ae-bmf kn\n-a-I-fm-Wv.
thcpI-
111
ADVT - 7
thcpI-
112
dntmv
tNmp sImn- c n- p aebmf X\n- a bvv Duw ]Iv ae- b m- f - k w- k vIm- c ns ss]XrIw sXm-dnv ae-bm-f-thZn sk v taco-kn ]qp-ep \np-p. 20072008 hj- Ime- b - f - h n tImtfPv Ncn- { X- n Xs BZy-ambn Acn-b-q kp-{_-aWy\pw kwLhpw ae-bm-f-th-ZnbpsS B`nap-Jy-n \S-nb A`n- \ bIfcn F kwcw`w hnZymn-I-fnse A`n-\-b-Iesb sXmp- W n. ae- b m- f thZn mkm-Sn-m-\-n \Snb Npa]{Xsfmw D-X\n-e-hmcw ]pep--hbmbncnp. I]-S-hp-I F -t]-cn sk v _n.F CIvtWm-anIvkv {]kn-o-Icn Npa]{Xw Hmw m\w Ic--am-n. Fm-hjhpw ae-bm-f-thZn \Sp kmlnXy Iznv Cu hjhpw hfsc `wKn-bmbn \Sp. kmlnXy Iznn sk v_n.F Co-jnse jnptPm Hmw km\w t\Sn. 2007- 2008 hjs ae- b m- f thZn-bp-sS-hmjn-tIm-hn - {]ikvX sNdp-I-Ym-Irv ]n. kptc- { - b pw, Ihn aW- q cmP_m-_p-hn-sbpw kmnyw sImv {it-bam-bn. AYn-Xn-Isf kzoI-cn aNn-cm-
ae-bmf X\n-abvv Duw ]Iv ae-bm-f-thZn
Xns shfnw aebm-f-ns shfn--am-sWpw Ccw ae-bmf kwkvIm-c-n-s- ap-{Z-I Imp-kq-n--W-sapw Hmn-npsmv ]n. kptc{ k ae-bm-fth-Zn-bpsS HXmw hmjn-In\v XncnsXfn-bn-p. {io aW-q cmP_m_p, ^m. Pbnwkv Nntv, ^m: tPmk^v Ipn-bv, ^m: BWn Xc-I ]dn, ^m. tPmkv ]md-bn, {]nkn- ^m. amn sNdp-a-T-n Fn-h apJy {]`m-jWw \S-n. ae-bm-f-th-Zn-bpsS ae-bm-f-Zo]w ]{Xw Am-Sn-pdw ]m-bv {]kn-U v djo-Z-en-bn \npw {io.aWq cmP _m_p Gp-hm-n sImv {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. XpSv \rin]-w, HmXp- Fo Iem-cq-]-fpw, kmPp As t\Xr-n \S- ae-bmf am[p-cn-bpsS Km\-ta-fbpw Ac-t-dn. aebm-fthZn sNbam hmkp-tZ-h \n {]Im-in-n-p-sImv 9mw ae-bm-f-thZn hmjn-I-n\v Xnc-oe hoWp.
hmkptZh
sNbam
DnIrjvW
tPm. sk{Idn
sshkv sNbam m^v tIm. HmUnt\
imoIrjvW eoem hnPb
thcpI-
113
sk v taco-kns D-dn-bm Fnb hntZ-in-I

tZi-ns AXn hc-p-I t`Znv \psS tImtfPv kinm 2005 06 hj-n cv kwL- C-en-bn \npw Fn. kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-cy-fpsS ssIam--am-bn-cp-p AhcpsS ki\ eyw. lmZ amb kzoI-c-W-tmsS sk v tacokv AXns Fm BXn tYb acymZ-Ifpw ImWn-p. tIcf \na \nd Iem-cq-]- B kwL--fpsS lrZbw Ih p. mkp-I-fn CS-]-g-In-bncnpw, Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I Ah-Xcn-npw Ipn-I Ah-cp-am-bp kulrZw Dun-bp-d-n-p. `mjm]-cn-an-Xn-IIXo-Xambn A\p-`h ]p--s h- p- sIm- p sk v taco- k ns \njv I - f - s]cp-am--- A-hsc R-fntev IqSp-X BIr-jvS-cm-n. GXm\pw Znh- k s Rfpambp CS-]-g-Ien\ptijw Hcp-]mSv A\p-`h- Rv \In thZ-\tbmsS Ah Rfn \npw hnS-]-d-p.
thcpI-
114
hynXz hnI-k\ Iymv 2007-08

N.S.S s B`n-ap-Jy-n aqp Znh- k s hy nXz hnI- k \ Iymv tImtf-Pn kwL-Sn-n-p. hynXz hnI-k-\-n\v th Fm LS-I-fpw Cu m-kn DsIm-nn-cn-p-p. cmw hj _ncpZ hnZymn- I mbn kwL-Sn-n m kn 74 hnZymn-I Dm-l-tmsS ]s-Spp. hKokv t]m kmdn s t\XrXzn \S mkn awKZmkv km, PntPm km XpS- n- b hcpw ]s- S p- p. Nnbmbn ka-b-{I-ao-I-cWw \S- nb mkv Hmtcm hnZymnpw ]p\\p`-hfpw, ImgvN]mSpIfpw - \In. Iymns hnP-bn-\mbn tImtfPv m^pw, t\m SonwKv m^n se AwK-fpw kPo-hambn ]s-Sp-p. mkn s Ah- k m\ Znhkw Imn-cpg Uman-tev -Hcp ki-\hpw kwLSn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn.
thcpI-
115
HmWm-tLmjw
2007 hj-n ae-bm-f-thZn \S-nb HmWm- t Lmjw hfsc at\m- l - c hpw In\p Ipfna \Ip--Xp-am-bn-cp-p. ]qf a-c-tmSp IqSn Bcw-`n HmWm-tLmj-n\v Ipn-bn shw \nd-, ap-tb-dv, ssI Xo, t_m ]mn-v, hSw-h-en Fo a-c- IqSp-X sImgp-t-In. ]q-f--sfmw Xs hfsc hyXy-fpw DX \nehmcw ]p-ep-Xp-am-bn-cp-p. skan\mcn-bn \npw Bcw-`n amth-en-bpsS tLmj- bm- { Xv ]qm- e - t a- nb aebmf aI AI- - S n- b m- b n. amthentbmsSmw h hma-\\pw ]penI-fp-samw ]p A\p-`-h--fm-bn. amth-en-tbmSp ]p Xe-apd tNmZyfpw D-c-fpw k`s IqSpX ck-I-c-am-n. hfsc hmin-tb-dnb hSw hen a-c-n\p tijw ]mb-khn- X - c - W - t msS 2007- se HmWmtLmjw Ah-km-\n-p.
thcpI-
116
tImtfPv {Inv Sow.
AjmZv
kvt]mSvkv Iym]v
tImtfPv thmfn_m Sow.
thcpI-
117
thcpI-
118
BSvkv Iym]v
^mbnkv
IemXneIw
j_v\
{ioPnv
Iem{]Xn`
thcpI-
119
ADVT - 8
thcpI-
120
sk v tacokn\v shfnw ]Icph....
STAFF
Atkmkntbj\pIfneqsS.....
Cwojv Atkmkntbjsbpw sImtagvkv Atkmkntbjsbpw DZvLmS\ NSpIfn \npw...
thcpI-
121
tkmWn BWn ^v _n. tImw.
Hcp -s]-en- ]n-sb-tm-se....

tZhm-ebn {]Xn-jvTn-n-cn-p s]en- ]n-bp-sSbpw Ipp- -fp-sSbpw Nn{Xw ImWp-tm Ah\v tZjyhpw shdp-p-amWv tXmm-dv. ]e-tmgpw B Nn{X-tm-Sp shdpp ImcWw Ah tZhm-ebn t]mIm-dp-Iq-Sn-bn-. amXr-kvt\-lns {]Xo-Iamb - B ]n Xs s\nse Ahm-k\ Xpn cIvXw t]mepw Xs Ipp-mbn \In ]nSv ]nSv acn-p-p. Fm Cs A-amv Cu ]n-tbmSv Fv kmay-am-Wp-Xv? {]khn-Xv sImv am{Xw Hcp-h A-bm-Iptam? Dcw Inm-Xpw Ah-km-\-an-m--Xp-amb Ahs tNmZy- \nc-h-[n-bmWv. A
CXn- s \mw ImcWw X\nv Paw \Inb B \in-hfm-Wv. - F{Xtbm Ipp-sf DZ-cn shp Xs sImp If-bp-p.
F B hmn-t\mSv As-n B hyn-tbmSv Ah\v C{X-b[nIw shdp-p-m-Im Imc-Wap-v. ]p-amkw Npav s\mp {]k-hn GtXm Ip-sm-n-bn Dt]-n--XmWv Ahs\ Ahs A. Hmn-m Ah\v \ Hcp _mey-an-. Xmcm-ns CuWw CXphsc tI-nn. CW-m\pw ]nW-m\pw ktlm-Z-c-fpw _p-fp-an-. kaq-l-ns ]cn-lm-khpw \n-bpw, FhnsS sNmepw Xbvv ]nd-m-h F Ipp-hm-pw. thcpI-
122
Av B sagp- I p- X ncn sh- n Ah BZy- a mbn Asb Ip. amXr-kvt\lw A\p-`hn-p. tZhm-ebnse aWn- q- d p- I \nan- j tmse IS-p-t]m-bn.
CXn- s \mw ImcWw X\nv Paw \Inb B \in--h-fmWv. F{Xtbm Ipp-sf DZ-cn shp Xs sImp Ifbp-p. Xsbpw sImpIq-Sm-bncp-tm. Fn\v Cu \in `qanbn Cs\ Bpw thm- h - \ m- b n? Hmp- t mdpw Ah\v tZjyhpw shdppw IqSn IqSn hp. Av Ah tZhm- e - b - n t]mbn-. As-n Rmb-dm-gvNsb-nepw t]mImdv ]Xn-hm-bn-cpp. XnIpw \nhn-Im-c\mb Hcp hyn- s b- t m- s e- b m- b n- c p- p. kzw A- t bm- S p shdpv temI-tmSp Xs-bp shdpmbn ]cn-Wan-p. Hcn-epw A F ]Zw Ah Dcn-n-n-. B \in--h AXm-bn-cpp Ah kwt_m- [ \ sNp ]Zw. Ipdp \m-p-aps chn sImSp Hcp s]en- ]nsb- t mse Rm\pw F ]pkvXIw Ahs shbvv IpbpsS Acn-In Ae-tm-e-s-pIn-Sp-Xv Ah Ip. BZyw B ]pkvXIw FSp-p-sImv t]mbn Inp If- mtem Fp tXm- n. \nd shdptmSpw AXn- t esd {IqcX \nd Hcp a\tmSpw IqSnbmWv Ah ]pkvX-I-ns ASp- t bv v \S- - S p- - X v . ]pkvXIw In-se-Sp-p-tm Ah\v Hcp hnIm-chpw Dm-bn-cpn-. XnIp \nhnIm-chpw `bm\-I-hp-amb Hc-h-. Fnt\m thn Xs lrZbw AXn ITn\-ambn XpSn-p-p. ]pkvXIn- eqsS Adn-bmsX HmSn \S-p. B
Hm-n-\n-Sbn ]pkvXInse s]mSnbpw sNfnbpw amp t]mbn. - \ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp-]p-kvX-I-ambn AXp-amdn hopw-hopw a\n hm Hcp then-tbw Fnt\m thn-bp then-tb-w.A-h ]pkvXIw sas adnp t\mn. AXnse BZys hmNIw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-p. ]qhns\ kpK--sa--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv a\p-jylr-Z-b-fnse kvt\lw Cu kvt\lw AXns ]q-X-bn \apv e-`n-p-Xv A-bn \nm-Wv. AXns IqsS CXpw IqSn Ah Ipn hmbn-p. temI-nse Ghpw A\p-{K-lo-Xamb ]Zhpw A Fm-Wv. ]pkv-XIw hmbn-p-tmdpw Ah\v amXr-kvt\-lns hmey ]q-amb HcpX-tem-S A\p-`-h-sp XpS-n. hopw hopw ]pkvXIw hmbn-m Ahs a\v XpSn-p-Ibmbn-cp-p. Ah B ]pkvXIw H-bn-cp-n hmbnp Xop. A{Xbpw \m Fn-\mtWm temI-sbpw A-sbbpw shdp-Xv AXv Ipd \nan-jp-n B ]pkvXIw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. Fv Ah\v a-\n-em-bn. Ahs Npp-I Adn-bmsX a{n-p. C{X a[p-cn-ptam amXr-kvt\-lw. Hcp ]pkvX-I-n \nv amXrkvt\-l-n\v tXXpn In\n-bp Ah--sb-n t\cn--\p-`hn-p-tm AXns am[pcyw F{X-b-[n-I-am-bn-cn-pw. s\tmSp tNp-sh B ]pkvXIw s\n InSv Xmc-p-]m-Sp-Xmbn Ah\p tXmn. hmey Npw_-\ s]mgn-p-Xmbn tXmn. Ahs lrZ-b-nse shdppw tZjyhpw ap-Xp-n-t]mse DcpIn-sbm-en-p. A-bpsS kmn-yhpw kvt\lhpw Hcp ]pkvXIn-eqsS A\p-`-hn--tm Ah ]pXnb Hcp a\p-jy-\mbn amdn. temIw apgp-h Iog-S-nb ktm-j-hpw, kwXr-]vXnbpw Ah-\n Zin-m-am-bn-cp-p. Xs A-bpsS amXr-kvt\-ls As-n amXr-Xzs D]-an--p B kmnI ]nsbtmse Ah-km\ Xpn cw t]mepw X\n-p-thn Nnn ]nSp ]nS-mWp acn-sX-n-tem. Hm-tm Ap hsc Ah A\p-`hn-n-n-m Hcp s\mcw Ahs a\-ns\ Iodn-ap-dn-p. Ah \njvIf\mbn, - - kv t \lhpw Icp- W bpw D- h - \ mbn Fm- n- \ p- ] - c n- b m- b n- a m- d n. ]pkvXIw s\n \nv ths]-Sp-n-b-tm Ah\v BZyw tXmn-bXv tZhm-ebn-tev HmS-m\m-Wv. amXr-Xz-ns _mn - Xm tZjy-tmSpw shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn I B X-]-n-bp-sSbpw Ipp--fpsSbpw Nn{X-n-ep-m-Ip-sav Ah\v Dd-m-bn-cp-p. Ah HmSn tZhm-e-b-nse Ac sagp-Ip-Xncn shfn--n B X--]-n-bpsS apJw IqSp-X {]Im-in-X-ambn tXmn. s\nse Ah-km\ Xpn cw t]mepw Xs Ipp-mbn \Iptmgpw AXns apJv thZ-\-bpsS t\cnb Hcp kmn-y-n t]mepw ktm-jhpw hm-eyhpw apn \np-p. kzw sImv sImv Nv sImn-]-dn-p-tmgpw AXns Ip-I-fn \nv kvt\l-ns hm-ey-ns \ocpdh s]mn-sbm-en-p-p. Av B sagp-Ip-Xncn sh-n Ah BZy-ambn Asb Ip. amXrkvt\lw A\p-`-hn-p. tZhm-e-b-nse aWn-q-dp-I \nan-jtmse IS-p-t]m-bn. Ah tZhm-ebw hnv ]pd-n-d-ptm _mey-ns \dp-aWw s]mgn-p Hcp sImp ]pjv]ambn-cp-p.
thcpI- 123
B-l-Xyp apv
kplr-t... CXv B-lXy sNp-hs Ah-km-\hmv Nnm-i-X--fpsS hngpp `mw Npa-p--h X _mn ]{Xw...! Chn-sSbo PohnX hoYn-bn, Po-Xao-p LSn-Imc kqNn-I Nne-bvp-p-v....! aqIao kz]v\Xo-cfn.... - ASp hogp Ce-bpsS \ne-hn-fn-bpv ....! hn-h-c-smco Ihn-tfm-c--fn.... Ccpp ]c-p Io ]qhn ZpK--ap-v..! kXy--tfmXn Xf \mhn.... au\w Xop hne-n apdn-m-Sp-I-fp-v..! {`mao PohnX Ime-n ... Adn-bm, \\-hm kqNn-ap-\-I-fp-v...! XpSn-p lrZ-b-c---fn ... ]nS-bvp ac-W-n Idp-p-v..! HSpw ... In-sb-cn-bp {]Xo--X Nmc-n... hn-o-cp Pohn-X-m-dns t\mhp-v..! Fn-pao iq\yamw \S-m-X-I-fnse Pohn-Xn Imn-cn-n-s\m-Sp-hn Xf-cp angn-Ifpw Ig-bvp ]mZ-fpw XpSn-p lrZbhpw iq\yamw a\pw Fgp-Xn-op-bo Ipdn-n acn-m-smcp Pohn-X-ap-sv shdpsX ... \n\-bvp-p... Rm...!
Znhy. sI.-Sn. sk v _n.-F. Cwojv
thcpI-
124
aplZv jlo
m^v FUn
thcp-I ]Snbh
hmkptZh, a\p{]kmZv, hn]n, \lmkv, Akvew(FUn ), dlva

thcpI- 125
amK-kn kanXn
thcp-I ]Sm-\m-bv.........
As\ thcp- I ]qX ssIh- c n- p- I - b mWv . Duw ]In- b Xv A\p- ` - h - am{Xw. FUn-dpw FUn-tm-dnb t_mUpw Bi- - b n- msX sXsc-s-Sp--s-p. {]nUv amK-kn-t\m-sSmw hoUntbm amKkn F FUndpsS BibtmSv tImtfPv A[nImcnIfpsS kao]\w t{]mkml\P\Iambncpp. As\ sk v taco-kns Ncn{X-n BZy-ambn hoUntbm amK-kn ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-p. Iymad Ip-I tIm-tf-Pns D-dI Hn- s b- S p- - t m R- f psS A`n-am\w ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-n-bncp- p. Ipf FIv k v { ]- n- s \mfpw thK-n HmSnb Ie Zn\- , {]n- U Uv amKkn ssIhnp t]mIp-sav tXmnb \nan-j, Xnc-sSp FUn-tm-dn-b t_mUv t]cn am{Xw HXp-n-b-tm FUn-v Iqm-bXv Nm-XnI am{Xw. Hmtcm hn\m-gn-I-bp-sSbpw hne Xopw Xncn--dnv R PbcmPv hmcysc A`n-apJw \S-m-\mbn Xrq-cn--tev ]pd-s-p. Xte Znhkw Xs sI.-Fkv.B.-Sn.kn ]pd-s-Sp t\cw Adn-p-sh- p. Ac aWn, CX-dn-Xpw R t]mbXv kzw hoSpI-fn-te adnv sI.-Fkv.B.-Sn.-kn. _kv mns Ghpw ASp-p - _p-ho-n-te-m-Wv. av s]mgn-p \nem-hn cmhnse 5 aWnv Xs sFtm-Upw, Iyma-dIfp-ambn Iq-nse thUv _mv _kv - mns _n \ne-bp-dn-n-cp-p. As\ A-ctbmsS Fmhcpw Fn-tp. _n Ib-dn-bXpw {KlWn ]nSn Ipn-I N-q-m I-Xp-t]mse Xangv a kon-\p-thn Xncp Iqp ImgvNbmWv I-Xv. CXp I-tm a\-n-sem-p-dn-p. Xriq hsc \np Xs! tIc-fns kmwkvIm-cnI \K-cn-bn AXn-cm-hse Xs R _n-dn. tNmZn-m sh tNmZy- IS-em-n-tev ]In, A[nIw _pn-ap-n-msX Pb-cmPv hmcy-cpsS hon-se-ntp. R-fpsS {]Xo-v apI-fn \ncm-ibpsS ]pI ]Sn-sImv kl-[nWn samgn-p. Ctm AarX Sn.-hn-msmw t]mbtm, D Ignv hm ImWmw. \ngepw shfn-hpw Hcp t]mse ann-a-d B hmp-Ip apn Hcp tNmZyw R-fpsS a\n apf-s]m-n. D-hsc? Hmtm-bn Ibdn ASp bm{X Su lmfn-te-v. AhnsS \S-n-cp tIc-tfmk-h-nse H\ Ipd-pt\cw Bkz-Znv ]qc-ns \mnse s]cpa ImWm-\mbn \K-cnte-n-dn. hen-bhenb sIn-Sn\p apn-eqsS Ip\n-b\p-dp-p-I - t]mIp-Xp-t]m-se-bp R-fpsS \Sw I-tm Hcmsnepw a\-n tXmn-bn-p-mhmw aam e-\n.... AhnsS \nv `Ww Ignv R hopw Pb-cmPv hmcn-bcpsS - hon Fn-tp. Imcn-t- cwKv apSn NqSm-a\mb PbmcmPv hmcy-cp-ambn \S-nb A`n-apJw Rv km-\n-Xv ]p A\p-`hfm-bn-cp-p. Chyq Ign-tm-tgpw kqcy ]Wn amdn - - t]mbncpp. t\cw sshIn-bXns ]cn-{`m-n-bp-ambn R AwK kwLw _kv mn Fn-tp. Bd-c-tbm-S-Spv Im-n Icn-bn-esb-tmse sI.-Fkv.B.-Sn.kn _kv Fn-tp. i- c-bn-tev Ddp-p-I ASp-p-Xp t]mse P\- _n-te--Spp. Hcp kt-f\n-\p P\w _ns hmXn Dpw Xp- ambn \np-p. Bcpw Ib-dp-p-an, ]nam-dp-p-an,R-fpsS
thcpI-
126
Iq-nse app-[mcn N{I-n Nhnn In- I n- S n- b n- e qsS Dn- t ev Ib- d n. kmam\yw {]mbw sN Hcp samm Ahs\ t\mn Dds hnfnp FSm lavt.... HXn aWn-tbmsS R s]cna-bn hn-dn. Fsmstbm t\Sn-bXp-t]m-se. A`napJw FUnp sNp- h m- \ mbn Ap cm{Xn Rdq-an Xn. `Ww Ign-v- D-d-w -Ih-cm ]mXn Ip-ambn FUnv sNphm- \ n- c n- p- t m \ne- p- \ nsmcp A]- i - _ v Zw- - t \m-n- btm \q-Xn-cn-pn Dd-n D-m-bn- F-n-bn-cn-pp. I-\nbvv t]mfn-knbpw, Cp XoWwF hmin-tbmsS FUn-nwKv Ignv Idp-\pw, amap- t Im- b bpw, ]cpw InS- tm cmhn-es kp{]-`mXw tIn-cppthm?... R ]ns tXSn-bXv X\Xmb kwkvImcw Imp-kq-np thcp-I-fm-Wv. R-fpsS a\-n Hcp \maw am{XamWpm- b ncpXv , I]m- n- Imens Ipsm- g p- n Ctmgpw thcp-dv \np- I]mn ky- t bm- S - S pmWv R-fhnsS Fn-bXv. Rv hgn-Imn XXv PK-
s\ Hmw-hj _ncp-Z hnZymn-bm-bn-cpp. Adn-hp-I-fpw, A\p`-h-fpw Hcp t]mse ]Ip \Inb B bm{X Xopw ck-I-cam-bn-cpp. Hcp- ô--dn-\p hn`-h--fp-ambn AhnsS \npw aS-ptm ]d--dn-bnm Ign-bm Hcp Imn-I-in Rsf ]ntmv hen-n-cppthm?... Ime-n-s\mw HmSm Ign-bmsX \n-lm-bcmbn \np PohnX-sf IpdnsgpXm-\mbp-ff RfpsS bm{X Fn-bXv a]m{X \nmW tImf-\n-bn-em-Wv. ]s Rv sXn. AhnsS IXv Ime-n-s\mw, As-n Ime-n\p aps ]d-p Aq-XmSn-Isf-bm-Wv. AhnsS R ]cn-Nbs s]mq-nbpw, Aq-n-bp- samw Rv ]IpX PohnX kt-iam-Wv. s]mcp-Xp-I, hnPbw kp\n-nXw.tIm-f-\n-bn I ImgvN-I IS-em-kn
]Im-\mbn R sXsc-s-Sp-Xv XqX-p-g-bpsS Xoc-fmbncpp. kanXn CXv AwKo-Icn-tXm-sS, XpS-n-bXv C\nbpw D hen-bm thcns Poh tXSn-bp bm{X-bm-Wv. B thcp-I-fn \npw R Xncn-dn kXyw \n-fn-tev ]I-cm-\mbn dqan-tev amdn. FUn-nw-Kpw, {]q^v doUnwKpw, Iyq-dpw `mh-\bp-samw CW-]n-cnv InS Ipsd Zn\-cm-{X- ..... cm{Xn-bn Syq_vssep-I Rv ]I-teIn. CXnse Hmtcm t]PpI-fnepw Iqm-bva-bpsS, Azm-\-ns hnbp Xpn-I-fp-v. thcpI-fpsS Ds]m-cp tXSn-bp Aq- XmSn-bpsS Cu bm{X-bn A\p-`-hn IjvS-X-I-fpsS IW-p-I \nc-p-n-. \n, t{]mmln-n--hpw kl-I-cn--hpw. Ip-I-fpw, hnc-ep-Ifpw \no-h--fm-hp-tmgpw R kz]v\w IXv Cu thcp-I \n-fn-tev Bgvn-dm-\m-bn-cp-p. Cu thcpI Bgvn-dn Fv Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-n-. Fnepw, hf apc-Snn F hnizm-ktm-sS.... thcpI- 127
thcp-I F t]cpw Bi-bhpw aptm-p-sh-Xv hn]n-\m-bn-cp-p.
-Iq--sc,
lrZ-b-_---fpsS
thc-p-t]mb
C u
Im-ev
Nncnv
]e
A-X-e--fp-v.
AXv
Nn-e-tm
Bizm-k-n-s-tbm
Al-m-c-n-stbm
Im]Syn-stbm
ktm-j-n-stbm.....
Fm-ap-J-fpw
C-s\-X-s-bmWv....-
Nn-cn-bpsS
bmYmyw
hymJym\n-m
Ign--h\v
kaq-l-n
]nSnp
\nmw
Am--h\v
Dh-en-bmw....-
\n-jvI-f--amb
Nncn
ImWm\pw
ImWn-m\pw
Ign-bs
Fm-iw-kn-p-sImv...
kkvt\lw,
Akvew.
thcpI-
128

VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary&#39;s College Magazine

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VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary&#39;s College Magazine

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P U T H A N A N G A D I , MALAPPURAM DT.

, PIN - 679 321

ST. MARYS COLLEGE

Blessed LUIGI MARIA MONTI

Provincial Superior of CFIC (India)

Very Rev. Dr. James Chitteth CFIC

Our Beloved Manager

Fr. Joseph Kuttiyath CFIC

Our Beloved Principal

Fr. Martin Cherumadathil

BZyw \ Csn-c psS {]Wbs - - p A\n-b {ipXn, n ] FXns n s A X v -sX-s?

{iocRvPn\n ^v _n.F lndn

apl-Zv kem-lp-o. Fw. ss^\ _n.-F. Cwojv

eyw t\Sp hnZym-`ymkw

t\mhmbv- Fcn--a-cp Xmfw

sdkv\n.-F III.B.A History

I]mn Imes AXn-Po-hn P\X

^mna \kvdn. sI Ist.B.A English

A\q]v . F. sk v Fw. tImw.

Am Zm t_mv \ap--Xn Ib-dmw. cmlp-ens i_vZw Nn-

BZyw \psS {]W-bs C-s-n-cp A\n-bn {ipXn, ]ns AXv FXns-sX-s?

a\p-thm Csm Hm^o-kn

INDIAN FICTION IN ENGLISH

Epics,Drama, Short stories and

A\p. Sn.- F-kv. tXUv _n. F. Cwojv

Hm-bnse Aq- XmSnv

ko-amb Pohn-Xs t\cnv Xf-cp--Xp-sIm-m-Imw.

angnma[p-cm-Ir-Xnsb t\mn ckn--m-atm

hni-n\p hn`-h- shdp-tmf-am-in-mepw

tim`\ Ime--fn \o Kay-bm-bn-s-\np \n ku`-K-n taml-am kplr- Rm

As]msn--tm lm! Rm-cnepw Antae-ptm Imas\bvhq

jnp tPm sk v _n.F. Cwojv

A\p-{io. ]n. Ist B.Com. A

kpa-. Fw. ss^\ _n.-F. C-tWm-anIvkv

hn]Wn tUmv tImw!

ae-bmf lmky-n\v ]p `mh- \In Pb-cmPv hmcy

(8) Hcp Iem-Im-c\p-m-bn-cn-t Ghpw henb taa FmWv? thcpI- 41

(9)- kn\n-am--temI-hp-ambn AbpsS _w ?

Rm cp-aqp kn\n-a-I-fn A`n-\-bn-n-p-v. ]ns -kz--

(15) ae-bm-fnse ]p kn\na-Itf-bpw, Km\-tfbpw Xm Fs\ hne-bn-cp-pp?

(20) bph-X-e-ap-dbvv Abvv \Im-\p ktiw?

(16)- \n-e-hn-ep kn\n-a-I-fnse lmkys Xm Fs\ hon-pp?

apl-Zv Akvew.- Fw.

Aq- XmSn-bpsS bm{Xm-Ip-dn-p-I

apl-Zv j^oJv ]n.Sn ss^\ _n.-_n.F

Free market Economy and Socialism : Incompatible Friends?

-Hcp ]nSn B{K-l-

Shabna IInd B.A. Eng

Translated from Hindi Poem thcpI- 55

cmtP-jv.-Fw. ss^\ _n.tImw.

kem-lp-o ss^\ _n. F. Cwojv

tkmWn BWn ^v _n. tImw.

B[p-\n-IX Acp hmgp-tm

lmbv kpJ-at Cs\ Hcp Ipiew ]d-b

t]msSm ]ns ImWmw Cs\ Hcp hnS hm

kmc-an Fmw icn-bm-Ip-saSm Cs\ Hcm-iz-kn-n-

Ifn-a-n hms-Sp-p Pohn-X-

cmlp. ]n.hn kv Sp (lyp-am-\n-o-kv)

ac--sfmpw ajn-bnv sXsc-mtmepw ImWm ChnsS Fs\ CXv! apn hn-Xmhpw

Aq Imen-ev sNcn-n-tm? aptfsS then-bp-n-hn-sS. Imen Xd-bvpw. apn XmoXv \Ipw.

Aq, CSv t\mnsb.

sbkv: tUm. anYp

sI.hn.Fw. DnbpsS hcIfneqsS

HASHIM. K Final B.Sc (Maths)

VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary's College Magazine

VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary's College Magazine