Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
!
c
"
#
!
!
"
#
$
$
%
&
*
'
%
$
A
c
$
'
()&%' &)*+
*++++!
'
%
*
,++
,
-
!
"
.
/
*,.
*33.
0+.
,0++
*-.
*4,.
0*.
,0++
&
*0.
*4.+
0,.
,0++
*..
*1++
0-.
,0,.
'()*
(/-)
*2.
*1,.
00.
,0,.
+,-.
+--.
*3.
*1,.
0..
,0,.
,,.
*0
*4.
*13.
02.
,0-+
*1.
,+++
03.
,00+
,+.
,+,.
04.
,00+
,*.
,+.+
01.
,0.+
&0
,,.
,+3.
.+.
,0.+
,-.
,*++
.*.
,03.
1 -,(2
4*
,0.
,*,.
.,.
,03.
3
&5(
,..
,*.+
.-.
,03.
+
+
,2.
,*2+
.0.
,04+
.
-+
,3.
,*3.
...
,.++
*+
*++
,4.
,,++
.2.
,.++
*.
*1+
,1.
,,*.
.3.
,.++
,.
23+
-+.
,,,.
.4.
,.,.
-.
*+3+
-*.
,,0+
2+.
,.0+
0.
*0.+
-,.
,,.+
2,.
,.0+
..
*..+
--.
,,3.
20.
,..+
2.
*.3.
-0.
,-++
22.
,..+
3.
*2++
-..
,-++
24.
,...
4.
*2.+
-2.
,-,.
3+.
,.3.
1.
*23.
-3.
,-.+
3,.
,.3.
*+.
*3,.
-4.
,-2+
**.
*3.+
-1.
,-3.
c
06 )&
; A
!
!
#
#
$%
)&36 *, 893:;<8)-34* 3
I
#
&
'
c
350
300
250
200
Torque (Nm)
150
100
50
0
0
10
12
14
600000000
500000000
400000000
300000000
200000000
100000000
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
c
&853*)3
1 -,(2
4*+-.
+ .
+
+
++43,22223
--1+1
+*30.-----
**-+-
+,2*4
+0-2------
+2*+422223
+34.0
+1.11-----
**-0022223
*-+1
*04-.-----
*2.4+22223
*4-,2
,++3*-----
,*4*222223
,-.2,
,.-+3-----
,3+.,22223
,4314
-+.0------
-,,4422223
-0+-0
-.331-----
-3.,022223
,*03.3
3.3-+*
*,+10,*
*2-41-.
*3.*12.
*34+,,,.
*4+404
*42011.
*41-,.,.
*101323.
*134+,.
,++2,4,.
,+2,313.
,+1*+..
,*03.3
,*3.4,3.
,*3.4,3.
,,-,-0,.
,,2+2
,,444.3.
,-*3**.
+++4*00441
++*-.304*.
++*1++030*
++,00-0223
++,1420.1-
++-.,10.*1
++0+3,0000
++02*.0-3
++.*.40,12
++.3+*0,,,
++2,000*04
++23430+30
++3--+0
++343--1,2
++40*2-4.,
++41.1-334
++1.+,-3+0
+*++0.-2-
+*+.44-..2
+***-*-04*
+**230-0+3
-14.1.0-*
*0+..3--2
,,003,*20
-+0*1*,.+
-,.*211.3
--+0*02--
--.2.1-*+
-02*04220
-.*-1--0+
-2*44,210
-23*,3-3+
-3,-3,+03
-4,42*0+*
-44*+2+33
-14.1.0-*
0+-40+*+3
0+-40+*+3
0*0-,102*
0*1.30*-4
0,04*44*0
0-++2-01*
-1,3
0*+*.-----
0,32+22223
00.+2
,-0.-3,.
,-3-2-
,0+*443.
,0-+*0.
+*,,*3----
+*,32+-,.1
+*--+--*4.
+*-402-***
0-.-+4*24
00+..,40.
00.313.,*
0.*+0,*14
02,.*-----
0311222223
0130,
.*043-----
.-,-,22223
,00*004
,0.40+,.
,04222
,.+-2*0.
,.*01*3.
+*0-41-+-3
+*01-,,12-
+*.03.,441
+*2+*4,4*.
+*2.2*,30*
0.-*0++21
0.2,4243.
02*.-*..*
020234-.3
022332,,4
c
.0134
.23,------
,.-*43,
,.0-*3.
+*3*+0,223
+*3203,.1-
0211,-+-0
03,+,+1+.
.402422223
2+,*0
2*1.1-----
2-3+022223
,.3*0-,.
,.1121
,.1121
,2,3103.
+*4*1+,.*1
+*43--,000
+*1,32,-3
+*14*1,,12
033,2..4,
04,.*+,.4
04,.*+,.4
0433.01-.
2.0.
23*1.-----
2410+22223
3+242
,2.2,+.
,223.+4
,24002,.
,3*,3,
+,+-2,,,,,
+,+1+.,*04
+,*004,+30
+,*11*,
01,1112*,
01.+1304,
014,00,44
.+-04412.
3,0-*-----
30*3222223
3.1,,
,3*,3,
,3*,3,
,30+133.
+,,.-0*1,2
+,-+33*4.,
+,-2,+*334
.+-04412.
.+-04412.
.+43--20,
33223-----
,30+133.
+,0*2-*3+0
.+43--20,
310*,22223
4**.4
4,1+------
4020422223
,30+133.
,3022,1
,3.31-,
,3.31-,
+,03+2*2-
+,.,01*..2
+,.31,*04*
+,2--.*0+3
.+43--20,
.+134,.33
.**44+004
.**44+004
42-10
44*-1-----
4144022223
1*2-
,321,-.
,321,-.
,31301,.
,31301,.
+,2434*---
+,30,**,.1
+,3120**4.
+,4.+3****
.*-134-*1
.*-134-*1
.*1,,,11.
.*1,,,11.
1--3.-----
1.*,+22223
12422
142**-----
,31301,.
,4+-*00
,4,.3.
,4,.3.
+,1+.+*+-3
+,1.1-+12-
+-+*-2+441
+-+231+4*.
.*1,,,11.
.,+,3*1-*
.,002323,
.,002323,
*++-.22223
*+,*+,
*+..1,2223
*+1+4-----
**,.30
,4,.3.
,4.0++3.
,43+12,
,43+12,
,44,,2.
+-*,,,+30*
+-*32.+223
+-,4.*+.*1
+--1-3+-3
+-.+,-+,,,
.,002323,
.,13*,-01
.-,4.1*..
.-,4.1*..
.-01.3+,.
**2+202223
**1...----
*,-+02
*,2.-22223
,44,,2.
,4431*2.
,1*+.,,.
,1*+.,,.
+-2*+1++30
+-3*1011,2
+-4,4+1334
+-1-2212-
.-01.3+,.
.-2++.12*
.0+,+*3+,
.0+,+*3+,
c
" #
!
"
"
,"
%
!
"
%"
5 *011
4*+16
"
"
%
.0+'#
"
!"
""
""
`
%
# "
(
c