Aqueducts

Appius Claudius, famous censor, consul, and dictator built Via Appia & Aqua Appia @ 312BC

Via Appia

Appius Claudius, built Via Appia @ 312BC

BATHS: THERMAE, BALNEA

Famous baths: Baths of Constantine and Diolcletian
Large complexes that housed many pools and exercise rooms: Caldarium: hot pool Tepidarrium: warm pool Frigidarium: cold pool Palaestra: wrestling/exercise field Unctorium: room for putting on and scraping off oil Strigilis: ancient loofah! A metal tool to scrape dirty skin.

Hypocaust System

Apodyterium: changing room

7 Hills of Rome

Campus Martius, Janiculum Hill, Tiber River

The field of Mars across the Tiber River is where the Roman army trained, where elections were held, and funerals. Janiculum across Tiber overlooks the city

Circus Maximus

Circus
7 teams called factions each wearing a different color. Auriga: charioteer with 4 horses 7 laps counter clockwise around the SPINA which housed the METAE or turning posts, and the dolphins DELPHICA to count laps. Sometimes stone eggs were used for counting. Obelisks and small temples on SPINA Circus Maximus was under the Emperors Palace under the Palatine Hill. Held 250,000.

Colosseum/Flavian Ampitheatre

Colosseum/Flavian Ampitheatre

Finished in 80 AD by Emperor Titus. Most likely named from Neros giant 120 foot statue called the Colossus, in the image of the Sun god. Held 50,000 spectators. Gladiatorial games (munera), and animal hunts, execution of Christians were held there for 500 years until 6th century AD.

Colosseum

Classical Orders on Columns: Doric, Ionic, & Corinthian

The outer faade of the 1st floor arcade of the Colosseum was Doric; the 2nd floor, Ionic, and the top arcade: Corinthian.

The gladiator Retiarius (net fighter in English), fought with a trident and a net!! His fighting technique was to entagle his opponent with his net and then skewer him with his trident. The retiarius, unlike other gladiators, wore almost no armor. He had only a on his left shoulder a metal shield protection called Galerus and his arm was protected with leather or metal. No helmet or shield... but he was very light and fast. His main opponent was the Secutor.

The Samnite took his name from those people defeated by Rome's Capuan allies in 312 B.C. and the armour he wore and the weapons he used were supposedly adopted as a sign of contempt for the Samnites. He used a large oblong shield (scutum) and wore a metal or boiled leather greave (ocrea) on his left leg. He also wore a visored helmet (galea) with a large crest and plume and was armed with a sword (gladius)

Naumachia: Naval Battleship games

Triremes

& Biremes

FORUM ROMANUM

FORUM ROMANUM

FORUM ROMANUM

FORUM ROMANUM

Structures Located in the Forum

The Arch of Titus Located on the Via Sacra on the Southeast of Forum entrance Commemorates the Sack of Jerusalem in 70Ad Triumphal arch

Aedificia in Foro
The Arch of Septimius Severus Located at the end of Forum at foot of Capitoline Hill Commemorates the Victory over Parthains in 203AD Triumphal arch

CURIA: Senate House

The earliest Curia, the Curia Hostilia dominated the Forum near the Capitoline. Sullas reconstruction burned in 52 BC at the funeral of Clodius. Curia Julia burned several times. This church was constructed from Diocletians Curia 4th century ACE.

Rostra: Speakers Platform

Where all the famous speeches in ancient Rome were held.

The Rostra gets its name from the prows of ships (or beaks) that decorated it after various battles.

Temple of Vesta
Circular Temple which housed the sacred flame and the Palladium (statue of Athena brought by Aeneas from Troy.

The Vestals lived in the Atrium Vestae nearby.

Basilicas
There were 3 Basilicas in the Roman Forum: Basilica Julia (Sempronia) Basilica Fulvia et Aemilia Basilica of Constantine (Maxentius)

Basilicas
There were 3 Basilicas in the Roman Forum: Basilica Julia (Sempronia) Basilica Fulvia et Aemilia Basilica of Constantine (Maxentius)

Basilicas
Basilicae housed the law courts and other merchants. Judges or Praetors would sit on a tribunal at the far end, commonly under a vaulted apse. Architecture of church modeled on Basilica with its apse and tripartite nave/

Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus

Dominated city because of Capitoline hills height. Also called: Jupiter Optimus Maximus. Completed in 509BC by Tarquinius Superbus. Triad: Juno in left cella, Minerva in right. Cult statues were made of terracotta. Brutus and accompliced hid here after JCs assassination. Lost syballine books in one burning. Burned down 3 times. Only foundation remains under the Museum

PANTHEON: In campo Martio

Restored by Hadrian in 119 AD. First major concrete dome structure--and it is still standing. Is not a temple for all the gods. Hadrian held court here.

PANTHEON: In campo Martio

Restored by Hadrian in 119 AD. First major concrete dome structure--and it is still standing. Is not a temple for all the gods. Hadrian held court here.