Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy
Location In the mediastinum Between the lungs Superior surface of diaphragm Anterior to the vertebral column Posterior to the sternum

Structure of Heart Wall

Epicardium visceral pericardium Endocardium endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface Myocardium cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart

Pericardium- a thin double layered sac which encloses the heart - Protects and anchors the heart - Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood

Arteries and Ventricle

Atria : -Receiving chambers of the heart -Pump blood into ventricles -Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus -Blood enters left atria from pulmonary veins Ventricle: -Ventricles are the discharging chambers of the heart -Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk -Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
-Thicker wall due to greater work load

Heart Valves & The Heart's Electrical System

SA ( Sinoatrial) node located in the right atrium - natural peacemaker - initiates electrical impulse - spreads through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node

Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart Prevent blood from flowing backwards during contraction The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Blood Flow

Coronary Circulation
It is the functional blood supply to the hear muscle R and L Coronary arteries are 1st branches off the ascending aorta

Right and left coronary artery

Supplies blood to the Right atrium and posterior surface of both ventricles Branches into the Marginal artery and Posterior interventric ular artery Supplies blood to the Left atrium and left ventricle Branches into the Circumflex artery and Anterior interventricular artery

Coronary sinus
Vein empties into right atrium Receives deoxygenated blood from: Great cardiac vein Posterior cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein