Chemistry PEKA Form 5 Topic :Rate of Reaction Aim To investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction.

Problem statement How does the concentration of a reactant affect the rate of reaction? Hypothesis Variables The more concentrated the sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher the rate of reaction. Manipulated variable : ___________________________________ Responding variable : Time taken for the cross `X` to disappear from the sight. Controlled variable : Concentration and volume of dilute sulphuric acid , temperature of the solution 0.2 mol dm-3 145 cm3 sodium thiosulphate solution, 1.0 mol dm-3 25 cm3 sulphuric acid, distilled water 80 cm3, white paper marked `X` at the centre 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, 150 cm3 conical flask, and stop watch Experiment No : ........1.2........

Materials Apparatus Procedure

1. 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate is measured using measuring cylinder and poured into a conical flask. 2. A piece of paper marked `X` is placed under the conical flask. 3. 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured and poured into the conical flask. 4. Stopwatch is started immediately. 5. The mixture in the conical flask is swirled and placed it on the paper marked `X` . 6. Mark `X` is observed vertically from the top through the solution. 7. Time,t is recorded for the mark `X` to disappear from sight. 8. The experiment is repeated four more times using different volumes of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution to be diluted with different volumes of distilled water as shown in Table 1. Set Volume of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution/ cm3 50 40 30 20 10 Volume of distilled water/ cm3 0 10 20 30 40 Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid/ cm3 5 5 5 5 5 Total volume of reacting mixture/ cm3 55 55 55 55 55

I II II IV V Data Communication Graph of Concentration against time Set

I II II IV V

Volume of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution/ cm3 50 40 30 20 10

Volume of distilled water/ cm3 0 10 20 30 40

Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid/ cm3 5 5 5 5 5

Time taken/s

1 / Time 1/s

(Draw graph use full graph paper) Graph of Concentration against 1/time (Draw graph use full graph paper) Interpreting data 1. Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution in the reacting mixture. Set I 0.2X50 = 0.18 55 II 0.2X40 = 0.15 55 III 0.2X30 = 0.11 55 IV 0.2X20 = 0.07 55 V 0.2X10 = 0.04 55 Concentration of sodium thiosulphate/ mol dm-3

2. Based on the graphs,when the concentration of sodium thiosulphate is higher, the time taken for the mark `X` to disappear from sight is _____________. 3. The rate of reaction directly proportional to the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution used. Conclusion The hypothesis is accepted. END