ELECTRONIC WARFARE DIRECTORY

Israeli Air Force E-2C operators are EW experts ublication of Flight International's 1990 Electronic Warfare Directory sees the industry on both sides of the Atlantic in a state of flux. "In the USA, the technology is certainly not the "flavour of the month", with politicians of all persuasions vying with each other to heap vitriol on programmes such as ASPJ, ALQ-131, ALQ-184 and ALQ-161, all of which, according to the current wisdom, do not work and/or cost too much. This lack of faith in (or, as some would have it, gross ignorance of) the technology is further reflected in the scepticism being shown in stealth. Such a climate, together with the expectation of a substantial "peace dividend" from East-West detente, does not augur well for the future, particularly for projects such as the "big one", INEWS. Outside the political arena, discernable trends include (aside from the obvious

markets to hawking their wares on the world stage. Equally, the industry is makcurrent difficulty in getting any EW pro- ing the maximum use of new components gramme funded) the imminent large scale technology to create the sort of systems introduction of MMIC/VHISC/GaAs-tech- which will be attractive in a very competinology, an increasing emphasis on passive tive 1990s market place. Another imporrather than active measures and a degree of tant facet of activity is the same sort of merger mania brought about by the contrac- emphasis being placed on ESM, passive warning and verification sensors, with tion of the market. European companies face problems many of Europe's top contractors developsome similar, some different. Like their ing extensive ranges of such equipment for American counterparts, the Europeans are the 1990s. If there is a major cloud on the working in conditions of market contrac- European horizon, it must be the industion, a situation not made any easier by try's over-reliance on three major hometrying to second-guess the effects of the based programmes the EW suite for the EC's Single Market on sales. As the 1980s JAS 39, the EFA DASS and the Spectra pass into history, probably the biggest system for the Rafale to cushion them lesson the continent's manufacturers have against the hard times ahead. The failure learnt is the simple adage "export or die", of any one of these must force a conand in almost all cases, European compa- traction in the existing industrial base nies have made, or are making the funda- with a consequent loss of Europe's posimental switch-over from serving home tion in the world EW pecking order.

Compiled by Martin Streetly

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

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AUSTRALIA Fairey Modir

A low-cost IR jammer suitable for transport aircralt, Modir is self-contained (podded or attached to an external fuel tank), producing a modulated IR signal to disrupt heat-seeking missile seekers. In service on RAAF C-130s.

CANADA ESTS

Lockheed Canada is acting as prime contractor on Canada's Electronic Support and Training System (ESTS) programme which is intended to provide 19 radar jamming/missile simulation pods and three specially equipped Challenger aircraft for EW training. The ESTS Challengers are to be equipped with an integrated equipment suite comprising an ESM/EL1NT sensor, a C-through-J radar band jammer, a threat emitter simulator, an HF/VHF/UHF communications jammer (with D/F in the VHF/UHF bands) and a bulk chaff dispenser, all internally mounted.

CHILE Enacr
Caiquen III Crystal video, software-driven RWR covering the 2-18GHz frequency range. Classified threat data supplied to pilot via an alphanumeric/directionarrow display. Caiquen III can be interfaced with LNAER's Eclipse chaff/flare dispenser and is in service in Chile on Mirages and Hunters. Eclipse Microprocessor-controlled chaff/flare dispenser, comprises four launcher units (housing 64 RR-170 chaff and 34 MJU-7/B flare cartridges) and a cockpit control/display unit. In service on Chilean Air Force Hunters. Itata ELINT system covering the 3MHz-18GHz frequency range in six system- specific bands, with recording for post-mission data analysis. In service on Chilean Air Force Beech 99s. Medusa Experimental lkW VHF-band noise radar jammer. Prototype only. New RWR ENAER is reported to have developed a "new"RWR for the Chilean Mirage update programme: Racal is supplying the display unit.

suite. Reported to be in production and in service with Indian and UAE Air Forces. Adele Radar emitter detection/localisation/warning system for helicopter maritime patrol and tanker/ transport (C-135FR applications. In development. Barax Podded, autonomous, multi-mode radar jammer capable of intercept, warning and jamming. Suitable for supersonic applications. In production and suitable for use on Mirage F.1CR, Mirage 111 and Jaguar aircraft. Camel Expendable active RF decoy cartridge compatible with current dispensers. Effective against pulse Doppler/monopulse radars and active/semi-active missile seekers. Current programme. Carapace Hybrid crystal video/superheterodyne/interferometry threat warning system. 135 ordered for Belgian Air Force F-16s. Full scale production expected in 1992/93. Carapace can be interfaced with other onboard EW systems if required, at a later date. EWS-16 Integrated jamming/warning suite specifically designed for the F-16. Warning sub-system utilises the described hybrid crystal video/superheterodyne/interferometry equipment to cover the C through K radar bands with an available option to take the spread into the mm-wave region. The jamming sub-system covers the E through J radar bands and, using phased array fore and aft antennae, can handle up to six threats simultaneously. EWS-16 is currently in development. Spectra Integrated EW suite for the Rafale ACT-ACM.(See Thomson-CSF). Towed decoy DE has undertaken a private venture study of a "responder" towed decoy system which communicates with the towing platform via the tow cable.

of the 1CMS integrated EW suite. Launchers and associated electronics mounted at the rear of the wing roots. Reportedly entered service with the French Air Force in 1987. Sycomor Chaff/flare dispenser designed for export Mirage F.ls. Reportedly in service with several air forces. Towed decoys Matra is reported to be involved in an active towed decoy study.

Alkan
Chaff/flare dispensers Alkan has developed modular countermeasures dispenser units which can be built into a range of podded, internal, and conformal installations Applications include: (internal) Transall C.160, Mirage III/5, and Mirage 2000; (conformal) Jaguar;(podded) Mirage F.l, Super Etendard, and MiG.21; and helicopters.

SAT
DDM Bispectral infra-red missile detector variously described as having 360* coverage in azimuth or 180' in azimuth and 80" in elevation. System weight reported to be 45kg. Intended for the French Air Force (Mirage 2000 aircraft in conjunction with the Spirale dispenser) which has successfully tested the device. ITT is negotiating US rights for the system which is being offered to USAF to meet its tactical MAWS requirement.

Lacroix
Lacroix is a major producer of chaff and infrared/ electro-optic flares including those for Alkan, Bofors BOZ/BOP/BOB, Lambert, Matra Saphir/ Spiral/Sycomor, and Tracor ALE039/40.

Thomson-CSF
Adelie Laser warner for fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and AFVs Reported to cover threats in the 0. 69-1.06um band interfaces and co-displays with the Sherloc RWR. Qualified for use on French Army helicopters. ASTAC Tactical ELINT system comprising an airborne pod and a ground station (data transmission between the two by UHF datalink). Capable of processing up to 20 emitters per second, ASTAC can handle pulsed/pulse modulated (with PRI and RF agility), pulse compression, CW, and ICW radars operating over a wide range of frequencies. With an optional localisation processor, the ASTAC pod can function as a sensor for defencesupression missions. In production for French Air Force Mirage F.1CR. Mitsubishi is to build a variant of the system in Japan to equip 17 JASDF F-4EJ reconnaisance aircraft. Barem Podded or internal dual-mode radar jammer effective against pulse, pulse-Doppler, and CW emitters in the 6-20GHz frequency band. Barem can detect, identify, and jam several emitters

Matra
Corail Podded or conformal chaff/flare dispenser for Mirage. Twin-pod installation has a maximum 256 chaff/flare cartridges. Reportedly in production. Phimat Chaff dispensing pod in service with the French Air Force/Navy and RAF. Most recently, an internalised version of Phimat has been installed on RAF Tornado F.3s deployed to Saudi Arabia. Saphir Helicopter chaff/flare dispenser comprising four dispenser units and associated controls. Saphir can be operated manually or semi-automatically on cue from an RWR. Was selected for Orchidee battlefield surveillance radar platform. Spectra Integrated EW suite for the Rafale ACT-ACM.(See Thomson-CSF). Spirale Chaff/flare dispenser for the Mirage 2000 and part

FRANCE Dassault Electronique (DE)

ABD 2000 Internal autonomous radar jammer for export Mirage 2000s. Reported to cover H, I, and J bands. Comprises four LRVs, incorporates its own receiver for threat classification, jammer cueing, and crew warning, and can be interfaced with other subsystems to create an integrated EW

ADVCAP advanced capability; AI artificial intelligence; COMINT communications intelligence; CW continuous-wave; D/F direction finding; ELINT electronic intelligence; ERP effective radiated power; ESM electronic support measures; GaAs gallium arsenide; ICE improved combat efficiency; IFM instantaneous frequency measuring; IR infra-red; JASDF Japanese Aircraft Self-Defence Force; JMSDF Japanese Maritime Self- Defence Force; LRU line-replaceable unit; LWR laser warning receiver; MAWS missile attack warning system; MMIC monolithic microwave integrated circuit; MPA maritime patrol aircraft; PFR pulse repetition frequency; RF radio frequency; RWR radar warning receiver; SIGINT signals intelligence; TJS tactical jamming system; TWAC tactical air warfare centre; VHSIC very high speed integrated circuit. US tri-service frequency band designations: HF 3-30MHz; VHF 30-300MHz; UHF 300MHz-lGHz; A 0-250MHz; B 250-500MHz; C 500MHz-lGHz; D l-2GHz; E 2-3GHz; F 3-4GHz; G 4-6GHz; H 6-8GHz; I 8-10GHz; J 10-20GHz; K 20-30GHz; L 40-60GHz; M 60-100GHz

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FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

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Force C.160s of 54e Escadron Electronique. ICMS Integrated countermeasures system for certain French Air Force Mirage 2000 variants. Collaborative programme in which Thomson-CSF supplies the warning, low-band radar jamming, and management subsystems; DE, the high-band radar jammer; Matra, the Spirale chaff/flare dispenser; and SAT, the DDM IR missile detector. The launch customer for ICMS is reported to be Jordan. Miriade Millimetric RWR for helicopter applications. Reported to be in development for possible use on French Army Gazelles. MSPS Modular self-protection system; ties together Thomson-CSF's Barem radar jamming pod and Sherloc RWR into a low-cost EW suite for light-attack aircraft and retrofit MSPS can also be carried internally. MSPS (internally mounted) plus a Matra chaff dispenser was selected as the EW suite for the French Orchidee programme prior to its cancellation. ENAER's Itata electronic intelligence Remora gathering system Podded dual-mode radar Jammer reported in two versions covering H to I (DB-3141) and I to J simultaneously, and is re-programmable as the (DB-3136) radar bands. Software-driven, Remora threat changes. In service with the French Air incorporates an integral receiver subsystem, in Force/Navy and export customers on Mirage F.l, service with the French Air Force and export Mirage III, Mirage IVP, Jaguar, and Super Etencustomers on Mirage F.l and 2000. dard aircraft. SARIGE Basilisk Systeme Aerporte de Recueil des Informations de Podded high-power (500W-plus), reprogrammaGuerre Electronique. A strategic SIGINT system ble radar jammer capable of countering several developed jointly by Thomson-CSF and the threats simultaneously. Being developed for French Government. Currently installed in a French Air Force Jaguars. single French Air Force DC-8-33 operated by 51e Caiman Escadron Electronique. Podded noise radar jammer which can be configServal ured to operate in the D to I band frequency RWR covering the 2.5-18GHz frequency range. range with manual, semi-automatic and autoOn French Air Force and export Mirage 2000s. matic operation. In service with the French Air Sherloc Force and exported for Mirage F.l, Mirage 2000, Crystal video RWR covering the 2-18GHz freand Jaguar. quency range and suitable for both fixed-wing DR 2000A MKII and helicopter applications (different antenna ESM system for maritime patrol aircraft, covering configurations). Frequency coverage can be exD to J radar bands. Comprises an intercept tended to l-40GHz. Sherloc is used as the radar receiver, DALIA analyser, and an antenna array warner in the Franco-German radar/laser Threat with omni and D/F elements, Reportedly in Warning system being developed for the Tiger production for EMB-111 and Sea King helicopbattlefield attack helicopter. ters. Spectra DR 3000A Integrated EW suite being developed for the ESM system for fixed-wing and helicopter appliRafale ACT-ACM by Thomson-CSF, DE and cations covering D to K radar bands. Comprises Matra, with Thomson acting as "industrial repreprocessing/display units and an antenna array with omni and D/F units. Reportedly in develop- . sentative" for the three with the French Ministry of Defence. Thomson describes the suite as being ment. "fully integrated and inter-operable with other DR 4000A components of the combat system" and says it ESM system for fixed-wing and helicopter appliwill offer "sophisticated passive and active radar cations covering the C to J radar bands. Comwarning (plus) advanced jamming and decoy prises an IFM processing unit, operator console, functions". Dassault Electronique adds that the and an antenna array with omni and D/F units. system makes use of the "latest techniques and Probably the ESM suite in French Navy Atlantechnology including interferometry, electronic tique 2. steering, digital RF memories, MMIC on GaAs Elisa substrate technology, VHS1C and AI". Overall Thomson's basic SIG1NT building block, Elisa system weight is quoted as being "less than comprises a software-managed superheterodyne 180kg". receiver, a control/display console, and a multiSyrel part antenna array in production and in service. Podded ELINT system aimed at early warning, Expendable RF jammers search/acquisition, and fire control radars associThomson (in collaboration with Matra) is develated with anti aircraft-defences. Reported in oping a range of expendable active RF jammers service on Mirage F.l and 2000. compatible with current dispensers. Reports idenTowed decoys tify two airborne systems, one covering the C to Thomson-CSF is reported to be involved in an J radar bands, and the other D to F. active towed decoy study. Gabriel Type BF Automated tactical SIGINT suite with ELINT and Crystal video RWR. Operational on Mirage III, COMINT subsystems. In service with French Air FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

Mirage F.l, Jaguar, Super Etendard, and NF-5. Over 1,000 units delivered.

GERMANY Litef
Herald Combined laser/radar warner for battlefield helicopters with DE providing antennas and the radar/laser "reception circuits" and Litef, the signal processing. In development.

Rhohde and Schwarz

COMINT system Airborne COMINT system covering the 20LOOOMHz frequency band. System employs several airborne sensor platforms (equipped with the company's ESM 500 receivers), reporting to an associated semi-mobile ground station.

Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL)

Helicopter laser warning equipment The laser warning component used in the FrancoGerman Threat Warning System for the Tiger battlefield attack helicopter. Effective against threats operating in the 0.4-l.lum band. SEL also produces AN/APR-39(V)1G RWR under licence for use on the PAH-1 anti-tank helicopter.

Telefunken Systems Technik (TST) Cerberus

Podded multi-mode radar jammer in at least two variants (Cerberus II and III). German press reports suggest technical difficulties with the programe and the use of Israeli RF subsystems. Developed for use on German Tornados. ERWE II Digital hybrid threat-warning system covering the C/D and E to J radar bands. Co-developed by Litton and TST for German Tornados. Integrates with the Cerberus/TSPJ jamming pod. TSPJ Latest outgrowth of the Cerberus programme which is described as offering high-power output, power management, the ability to operate effectively in high pulse densities, full programmability and autonomous or ERWE-controlled operation. Intended for German Tornados. In addition to the above, TST is upgrading both the AN/ALR68A(V) RWR (see Litton) and the AN/ALQ101(V) jamming pod (see Westinghouse entry) as part of the Luftwaffe's F-4 ICE programme.

ISRAEL Elta
EL/K-1150 Synthesized COMINT receiver family covering the 20-l,000MHz-frequency band. Three variations: K-1150R with full remote control; K-1150180 covering the 20-180MHz band; and K-11501000 covering the 20-l,000MHz band. In service. E17K-1250 'Synthesized COMINT receiver covering the 20510MHz band. In service. EL/K-7032 COMINT system covering the 20-500MHz frequency band. Comprises a supervisor (with two K-11'50 receivers) and up to four traffic collection stations (each with up to four K-1150 or K-1250 receivers). Reportedly in production and (as part of the EL/L-8300 strategic SIGINT suite) in service with the Israeli Air Force. EL/L-8202 Podded radar jammer covering F-J bands. In
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service with the Israeli Air Force. EL/L-8230 Internal dual-mode radar jammer covering G-J bands. In service wjth the Israeli Air. Force. EL/L-8231 Internal repeater CW radar jammer covering H-J bands. In service with Israeli Air Force (on E-4?). EL/L-8240 Reportedly an internal integrated EW suite with warning and multimode radar jamming subsystems. Apparently offers wide frequency and angular coverage. EL/L-8300 Strategic SIGINT suite covering the 0. 5-18GHz Frequency band for ELINT and the 20-500MHz band for COMINT. Comprises the L-8312A ELINT, K-7032 COMINT, and L-8350 command/ analysis subsystems in the aircraft, supported by the L-8351 ELINT simulator, the L-8352 ELINT analysis system, and the L-8353 tactical analysis station on the ground. Suitable for large aircraft such as the Boeing 707. In service with the Israeli Air Force and possibly with the South African Air Force. EL/L-8312A ELINT system covering the 0. 5-18GHz frequency band. Comprises the L-8312R microwave receiver, the L-8320 parameter measurement unit, and the L-8610 processor/display system. In service as part of the L-8300 suite. EL-M-2150 Reported to be an active missile warning system installed on Israeli Air Force Kfir aircraft. EL/M-2160 Pulse-Doppler missile warner for Israeli Air Force F-16s. Loral markets the system in the USA as the ALQ-199, to be flight tested by the USAF's TAWC. SIGINT systems Using equipment described above, Elta/IAI has created SIGINT installations for aircraft such as the C-130, Boeing 707/727/737, Electra, and Arava. Systems believed to have been procured by Argentina (Air Force Boeing 707 and Navy Electra), South Africa (Air Force Boeing 707), and Thailand (Arava). It is likely that Elta's Boeing 707-based Phalcon phased array AEW system will incorporate a significant SIGINT capability. The launch customer for Phalcon is thought to be Chile. In additon to the above, ELTA has won a $70 million contract to supply an unspecified ESM for retro-fit to the RAAF's fleet of P-3C Orions.

Elettronica's ARIES multi-role EW suite operator stations cover the 1.5-1,000MHz band.) When combined with the TDF-500 D/F equipment, known as the Harvest COMINT suite. AES-210 (Elisra) Reported to be an ESM/radar warning system for helicopters. LWS-20 (Elisra) Microprocessor-controlled airborne laser warner. Reported to be both in production and in service. Owl (Tadiran) ESM/EL1NT system covering the 0.5-18GHz frequency band and designed for maritime-patrol aircraft such as the P-3, SH-60. and F.27 Maritime. System fit comprises cockpit/sensor operator displays, RE/IF/systems processors, and interferometric antenna array in wingtip installations. Owl-MT (Tadiran) ESM/ELINT system covering (typically) the 218GHz frequency band and designed for maritime-patrol Dornier Do.228-class aircraft. Uses wingtip podded antenna arrays. RAS-1B (Tadiran) Interferometric ELINT system covering the 0.718GHz Frequency band. Reported to be both in production and in service. RDF-500 Reported to be a D/F receiver covering the 200-500MHz frequency band. Sky Jam-200 (Elisra) VHF/UHF communications jamming system designed for "medium to large" transport aircraft applications. Utilises a single operator and can be interfaced with the Harvest COMINT suite. SPS-20 (Elisra) Radar warner covering the 0 7-18GHz frequency band with dedicated C/D radar band and optional CW coverage. Suitable for both helicopter and fixed-wing applications Likely to be in service with the Israeli Air Force. SPS-65 (Elisra) Combined radar/laser warmer. Comprises the company's LWS-20 laser warmer. SPS-20 radar warner (0.7-18GHz). and SRS-25 superheterodyne receiver (6.5-18GHz CW signals). Reported to be in service. SPS-200 (Elisra) Radar warner covering the 2-18GHz (0.7-1, 3GHz C/D band) Frequency range. Can interface with on-board radar, jammers, and dispensers (MPMN36(V) and ALE-40) in service with the Israeli Air Force (Kfir at least) and exported. SPS-2000 (Elisra) Radar warner covering the 2-18GHz (0.7-1, 3GHz C/D band) frequency range and integrated with chaff/flare dispensing subsystem. SPS-2000 is claimed to be capable against CW, high-PRF, and low-PRF signals "not recognised by conventional radar warning systems". Reported to be both in production and in service. SPS-3000 (Elisra) Unidentified "EW equipment" being developed for Israeli Air Force F-15s and F-16s. SRS-25 (Elisra) Superheterodyne receiver covering the 6.5-18GHz frequency band. Claimed to be capable of handling CW, high-PRF, and medium-ERP radar emitter. In production. TACDES (Tadiran) Strategic SIGINT system suitable for installation in Boeing 707-class aircraft. Made-up of RAS-1B ELINT (0.7-18GHz), ACS-500C COMINT (20500MHz), MUDF-500C D/F (20-500MHz), computerised analysis/control, and secure voice data communications subsystems. The exact status is uncertain, although a prototype installation has flown aboard a modified Boeing 707. TDF-500 (Tadiran) Automatic D/F system effective against the 20500MHz frequency band. Suitable for both fixedwing and helicopter applications. Installation noted on an IAI Arava. TDF-500 is reported to be in production.

ITALY Elettronica
ARIES Multipurpose EW suite comprising the ARIES-A (C-J radar band ELINT/D-j radar band noise jamming) and Smart Guard/Fast jam (COMINT and communications jamming in the VHF/UHF frequency band) subsystems. Suitable for use on C.212, Canberra, Yak-40, Learjet 35A, PD-808, HFB-320, ATR42, and Falcon 20/60 aircraft. Colibri Integrated ESM/ECM suite for naval helicopters configured for specific roles by "mixing and matching" basic modules (ELT-161 ESM/RWR, ELT-261 display/IFM receiver, ELT-361 radar noise jammer and ELT-562 radar deception jammer). In service with the Italian Navy (AB.212 ASW helicopters) and up to ten export customers. Frequency coverage believed to include at least the 3-4 and 8-10GHz bands. ELT-156X Processor-controlled RWR with a total system weight of 17.7kg. Suitable for both fixed-wing and helicopter applications. Selected for AMX. ELT-158 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

Israel Military Industries

MPMN-36(V) Chaff/flare dispenser. Launcher units can be configured for both internal and external applications. In service with the Israeli Air Force. Samson Israel Military Industries is believed to manufacture the Samson air-launched decoy used by the Israeli Air Force. One hundred Samsons have also been purchased by the USN. RAFAEL Rattler Power-managed radar jammer aimed at search, tracking, and surveillance emitters. Although primarily as a ground-based system, RAFAEL has proposed its use in helicopters such as the UH-1.

Tadiran-Elisra
ASD-500 (Tadiran) Communications intercept system covering the 20-500MHz frequency band. (Can be extended to 38

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

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Processor-controlled RWR for high-performance combat aircraft such as the Mirage 2000. Capable of integration with an onboard EW suite. ELT-263 ESM system covering the E-J radar bands and suitable for the Beech 200T, C.212. Learjet, F.27 Maritime, Bandeirante, P-166, and Defender. Reported to be in production and in service with at least eight air arms. ELT-400 Series Family (ELT-457, 458, 459, and 460) of podded, power-managed radar noise jammers collectively, the G-L bands. Reported to be in both production and in service. ELT 533 Internal deception radar jammer claimed to b effective against "tracking, CW-illumination, an missile-seeker radars". Identified with the AMX light-attack aircraft. ELT-554 Internal-band deception radar jammer. Identified with the A. 129 attack helicopter. ELT-555 Pod-mounted H-J band deception radar (pulse and CW) jammer, for the MB.326/339, Mirage III/V F-4, MiG-21, Saab 105, Alpha jet, F-5. Hawk, and Jaguar. Reportedly in production and service. ELT-558 Internal deception jammer suitable for fixed wing applications, and claimed to be effective against emitters in "the lower range of the radar frequency spectrum". ELT-562 Internal H-J band deception radar (pulse) jammer. Reported to be in production. ELT-566 Internal H-J band deception radar (CW) jammer. Reported to be in production. ELT-999 "i Strategic COMINT system covering the VHF/UHF frequency bands. Probably forms part of the SIG1NT suite carried by the Italian Air Force's two electronic surveillance G.222VS.

ance combat aircraft. Series reported to include the ALR-743 RWR for supersonic combat aircraft. SR/ALR-780 Series Thought to be ESM systems designed for integration with other EW equipment modules. SL/ALQ-234 Podded, dual-mode radar jammer covering pulse/ CW emitters operating in the H to J bands. Power managed and equipped with an integral superheterodyne RWR. Reported to be suitable for Tornado, F-104S, AMX, Mirage II1/V/50/F.1, Su-7, and MiG-21. In service with the Italian Air Force and export customers, including Egypt (MiG-21) and Jordan (F-5E/F).

KG 8606 Internally mounted radar jammer (noise) covering the I band. KJ 8602 Software driven RWR covering the 2-18GHz band. KZ 8608 Airborne ELINT system covering the l-18GHz band and designed for installation in the Xian Y-8 (Antonov An-12).

SPAIN
During 1985, the Spanish MoD initiated a comprehensive national EW programme to reduce the country's reliance on outside contractors for such equipment. Known as the Plan National de Guerra Electronica (PNGE), this programme involves co-ordinated Government/industry R < r D S and is aimed at providing Spain's armed forces with ELINT, radar warming, secure communications, and passive/active countermeasures equipment. Electronica ENSA has produced an EW signals analysis centre for the Spanish Air Force and is developing software-driven RWRs for helicopter and fixed-wing applications, while INISEL is working on radar countermeasures for the Air Force. Both companies are members of the EURODASS consortium proposing an integrated EW suite for EFA.

JAPAN
Japan has an active, if secretive, EW industry centred around two contractors, Mitsubishi Electric (MELCO) and Tokyo-Keiki. Known system details are as follows: HLQ-101 ESM for JMSDF P-2J. HLR-108 ESM for JMSDF SH-60J. J/APR-2 (Tokyo-Keiki) Radar warner on JASDF RF-4E reconnaissance aircraft. Reported to be based on the US APR-36/ 37. J/APR-3 (Tokyo-Keiki) Radar warner for JASDF F-l. J/APR-4 (Tokyo-Keiki) Radar warner for JASDF F-15J Reported to interface with the J/ALQ-8 radar jammer. J/APR-4A Updated radar warner for later JASDF F-15J/DJs. J/APR-5 Radar warner replaces J/APR-2 on JASDF RF-4Es. J/APR-6 Radar warmer for JASDF F-4EJ Kai update. J/ALQ-5 (Mitsubishi) Radar jammer aimed at SAM-related emitters. Fitted to a single JASDF C-l transport. J/ALQ-6 (Mitsubishi) Radar jammer aimed at airborne emitters Carried by JASDF F-ls and F-4s. J/ALQ-8 (Mitsubishi) Radar jammer reported to operate in three specific frequency bands (1-4, 4-8, and 7.518GHz). Carried by JASDF F-4s and F-15s. J/ALR-2 Electronic surveillance system to be fitted to three JASDF YS-11 SIGINT aircraft.

SWEDEN Bofors Electronics

BOH 300 Processor-controlled chaff/IR-flare/active-decoy dispenser for helicopter applications. Reported to be in development. BOL 300 Chaff dispenser for integration into missile launching rails. Uses Chemring-designed/ manufactured "bread slice" chaff packages. Being evaluated by the USN for its LAU-7 rail and likely to be deployed on the RAF's Harrier GR.5. BOP 300 Modular chaff/IR-flare dispenser system for "light- to medium-weight fighter aircraft". Reported to be in production. BOZ 3 Pod-mounted, high-capacity chaff dispenser. In service on Swedish Air Force J32 aircraft for EW trainers. BOZ 10 Tentative designation for a jointly developed (France, Germany, and Sweden) chaff-dispensing pod for light-attack aircraft Reported as in production during 1986/87. Bofors BOZ 100 series Processor-controlled pod-mounted chaff/IR flare dispenser systems For subsonic and supersonic applications. In service with the Swedish Air Force. (BOX 9) the RAF (BOZ 107 on Tornado GR.l) and the West German Air Force and Navy (Tornado IDS/ECR aircraft). Ericsson Radar Electronics Erijammer A100 Podded I/J-band radar jammer aimed at air intercept and air-defence control emitters. Optimised for ECCM training and incorporating an integral receiver which allows the operator to change jamming modes/parameters in real time. Currently at the Prototype stage. A100 is cleared for carriage by J32E, MU-2 and Learjet. Proposed for "a turboprop trainer". Forms part of Erics39

Elmer
Airborne communications ESM/ECM system Shelter-mounted jamming (100-500MHz, 250W output) and COMINT (20-1,000MHz) system for "C-130 type" aircraft. Status uncertain. Helicopter communications EXM/ECM system Jamming (23-l,00MHz) system for the AB-412 helicopter. Feasibility study completed.

Selenia
IHS-6 ;-. Combined ESM/radar jamming system comprising the RQH-5(V) ESM (covering the l-18GHz frequency band) and the TQN-2 jamming (up to four radar bands including I and J subsystems. In service on Egyptian Commando helicopters and reportedly several other air arms. RQH-5(V) Family of ESM systems for various applications and covering, collectively the 0.65-18GHz frequency band with an optional extension to 40GHz Designated for specific applications as follows: SR/ALR-730 Series ESM/ELINT systems for maritime fixed-wing and helicopter applications. Includes the ALR-370 thought to be used on updated Italian Navy Atlantic and the ALR-375 selected for Italian Navy EH.101 helicopters. SR/ALR-740 Series Radar warning/ESM systems for high-performFLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

JUGOSLAVIA

_ ^ _

SO-l. Reported to be a RWR covering pulse threats in the I/J radar bands. Described as being in production.

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA China National Import and Export Corporation GT-1
Chaff/flare dispenser, carrying 68 chaff (2-18GHz frequency band) or 32 IR flare (1.5-5um wavelength) cartridges. Reportedly in production.

Southwest China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment

KG8605 Internally mounted radar jammer (noise) covering the I/J bands and designed for use in aircraft such as the Xian J-7 (MiG-21 Fishbed-C).

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son's Responsive EW Training System (REWTS) demonstrated to the USN. Erijammer B100 Projected REWTS radar jamming pod aimed at "the majority of surveillance radars (currently) on market". Complements A100. Ericsson expects to place B100 in production during the 1990s. Can be packaged in the AN/ALQ-167(v) pod shell. Erijammer 200 Podded, automatic, dual-mode H/1/J-band radar jammer aimed primarily at SAM-related emitters. Reported to be in production, and equips Swedish Air Force SF/SH37 Viggens. JAS39 EW suite Integrated warning/jamming suite being developed jointly by Ericsson (jammers and system control computer), Bofors (dispenser) and SATT (radar warning) for Sweden's JAS 39 Gripen. System described as being "integrated with the aircraft's avionics", providing automatic control of all EW functions and utilising flight and mission information derived from the onboard radar and system computer. For some missions, a "light-weight multimode self-protection jamming pod" (the Erijammer 300 ?) is added to overall fit. Pod provides "special jamming techniques and combination of modes". Smart Crow Plus EW Suite Proposed internal EW suite based on electronics from the A100 and B100 Designed for EW training. Smart Crow Plus forms part of Ericsson's REWTS programme Ericsson has a collaborative MoU with Rodale Electronics on REWTS.

SATT Communications AQ 31 Pod-mounted E-J-band CW radar jammer. Interfaces with the AR 765 set-on receiver. Reported to be in service with the Indian Air Force. AQ 800 Pod-mounted, modular radar jammer with integral superheterodyne set-on receiver. Can be configured to cover either the 2 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12 or 12 to 18GHz frequency bands, and designed for EW training/evaluation purposes. AQ 861 Internal dual-mode I/J-band radar jammer with integral receiver subsystem and suitable for EW training aboard fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Status uncertain. AQ 900 Multiple-pod E/S and I/J-band radar jammer Aircraft installation typically comprises one E/F and one 1/J-band pod. Pods feature integral receiver subsystems. Status uncertain. AR 753 Podded set-on receiver pod for the AQ 31 radar jammer. Reported to be in service. AR 765 Lightweight RWR thought to be in service on Swedish AB.206A helicopters. AR 777 Reportedly a radar warning system covering the l-18GHz frequency band. Status uncertain. AR 830 Processor-controlled combined laser and radar warner of modular design which can interface

with other onboard EW and signal-recording equipment. Reported to be in production. AR 871 Radar warner covering the 6-18GHz frequency band (with optional extension to 40GHz) suitable for helicopter applications. ADA software. Reported to be in development. UNITED KINGDOM British Aerospace S y s t e m s & Equipment DASS Defensive aids subsystem (1R jammer, IR decoy flares and chaff dispenser) developed in conjuntion with Matra for helicopter applications IR jammer IR jammer for helicopter applications. Uses a graphite radiating element sealed in a sapphire envelope and is mechanically modulated. Believed to have been bought by UK MoD for an unspecified programme. RF spectrum analyser Airborne SIGINT analyser offering spectrum/ digital signal/modulation analysis, signal comparison, new energy detection, signal recording and signal activity database. Chemring Chem-Chaff Chemring is a large-scale producer of chaff for the RAF and export customers. Its range includes chaff for Bofors BOL/BOZ, Matra Phimat, and Tracor ALE-39/40 dispensers as well as Hotel

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Bravo hand-dispensed packs for ship protection and special configurations for carriage in airbrake housings. Chemring has an associate company in France, CIRRA.

Ferranti
AWARE Software-driven family of RWRs for helicopter and fixed-wing applications. Baseline AWARE-3 offers coverage of the E-J radar bands, and uses both crystal-video and IFM receivers. AWARE variant selected for British Army Lynx/Gazelle helicopters.

Marconi Defence Systems (MDS)

ALARM SEEKER MDS produces the passive seeker for the BAe ALARM anti-radiation missile. Apollo Low cost, high performance, multi-mode 1/J-band radar designed for the export market. Frequency range can be extended up and down. Can be configured for pod, scab or internal applications. Designed to work in conjunction with the Sky Guardian 200 RWR and the Merlin EW library support equipment. A private venture. Apollo concept/function development is complete and the system is awaiting a launch customer. ARI. 18223 RWR covering the 2-18GHz frequency band. Fitted to RAF Jaguars and Harrier GR.3s. ARI.18228/RWR covering the 2-18GHz frequency band. Fitted to RAF Phantom FGR.l/2s and

Chinook helicopters. Both ARI.18223 and 18228 have been upgraded a number of times and now approximate to,"or equal to, the capability of the Sky Guardian 200 equipment. ARI.23246 Skyshadow Podded dual-mode (deception and CW?) radar jamming pod aimed at a "wide range" of surveillance, SAM-related, and airborne emitters. Skyshadow is power-managed, software-driven, has an integral receiver subsystem, and is highly autonomous in operation. Standard equipment on the RAF's Tornado GR.l (and likely to be exported to Saudi Arabia in the RAF Tornado mid-life update), Skyshadow is being integrated with the aircraft's RWR, the combination of two receivers providing an enhanced "view" of the threat. EFA DASS MDS is currently leading the EURODASS consortium (MDS, TST, Electtronica, Inisel and Ensa) bid for the EFA defensive aids sub-system. Proposal comprises jamming, RF/laser/missile approach warning and expendables all tied together into a fully integrated system which, in turn, interfaces with the aircraft's total avionic fit. Hermes Modular superheterodyne ESM/radar-warning system covering the C-J radar bands. Reportedly supplied to the Indian Navy for Sea King ASW helicopters. Laser warning receiver LWR for airborne applications covering the 0.351.1 um range. Monarch RPV EW payloads

Family of RPV EW payloads comprising an H/J radar-band ESM (18kg weight), an E/J radar-band ESM (24kg), an E/F or 1/J radar-band jammer (6kg), a VHF communications barrage jammer (3kg) and a VHF communications "responsive" jammer (4kg). Likely to be associated with the British Army's Phoenix RPV programme. Sky Guardian 200 Processor-controlled crystal-video RWR covering the E to J radar bands, with options for C/D and R bands. Interface for a Vinten dispenser, and can co-operate with "simple" radar jammers. Sky Guardian 200 in service on RAF Buccaneer strike aircraft (with C/D radar-band coverage) and Sea King/Puma helicopters, Austrian J35 Drakens, RN/Indian Navy Sea Harriers and Spanish Navy EAV-8As. MDS stresses Sky Guardian 200's capability against scanning pulse Doppler radar. Sky Guardian 300 Projected radar warning/ESM system based on Sky Guardian 200, with the addition of an IFM receiver and horn-type D/F antennas. Intended for maritime-patrol/ASW applications. Sky Guardian 2000 Proposed variant of the Sky Guardian incorporating a 32-bit signal processor and frequency measurement. Intended for the "most complex radar environments". Tornado radar homing & warning receiver MDS has developed a double superheterodyne RWR for RAF/Saudi Arabian Tornado F.2/3 interceptors. The basic modules may also form the core of warning equipment on the Tornado GR.l. Zeus

Health Usage and Performance Monitoring Systems for fixed and rotary wing applications A diagnostic system providing data to reduce operator maintenance costs with: IMPROVED FLIGHT SAFETY ON-CONDITION MAINTENANCE IMPROVED FAULT DIAGNOSIS ACCURATE MAINTENANCE DATA COMPREHENSIVE TREND ANALYSIS REAL TIME MONITORING OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE MONITORING OF EXCEEDANCES

S M I T H S

INDUSTRIES

I Aerospace & Defence Systems

Winchester Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG22 6HP. Tel: (0256) 843191. Fax: (0256) 840355. Tlx: 858148.

E L E C T R O N I C WARFARE D IRECTORY

Integrated internal EW suite covering the C to J radar bands. Receiver subsystem uses a multichannel superheterodyne receiver with IFM capability, while the active radar jamming subsystem uses Northrop transmitters. Can co-ordinate and control other on-board EW system such as LWRs and chaff/flare dispensers. Zeus is in production for the RAF Harrier GR.5/7s, and proposed for USMC AV-8Bs and USAF/Venezuelan/Greek F-16s.

MEL
MEL's Product Support Division is the UK design authority for the Loral EW-1017 Yellow Gate ESM system fitted to RAF Nimrod MR.2 maritime patrol aircraft and being installed on RAF's E-3D Sentry AEW aircraft.

ML Aviation
Cascade Chaff/IR-flare dispenser for helicopters. Reportedly uses specially designed cartridges which activate well clear of the aircraft. Can be interfaced with an RWR to provide automatic or semi-automatic firing. Evade Chaff/lR-flare dispenser for fixed-wing applications. Standard system reported to use four launcher units housing 41 chaff and 20 IR cartridges. Infrared decoy flares ML Aviation is a major manufacturer of IR decoyflares reported to be compatible with dispenser systems such as ALE-29, ALE-39, BOZ 107, Evade and Masquerade. Identified rounds include the square-format Hot-Spot (HS) 1, 2 and 4 together with the round-format CM55, HS5, HS6 and Infrashield types. Customers thought to include the RAF, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. Masquerade Processor-controlled, podded chaff/IR-flare dispenser based on ML Aviation's CBLS 200 light bomb carrier. Uses three pre-packed launcher modules capable of housing 48 Radashield chaff and 42 Infrashield IR flare cartridges. Reported to be in production.

ESM system covering the 0.6-18GHz frequency band (extension to 40GHz available). Uses Racal's SADIE (Segregation, Association, Deinterleaving & Indentification Equipment) analysis processor. Supplied to Denmark as a "form-fit" replacement for MIR-2 on Lynx helicopters. Selected for use on RN EH.101 Merlin ASW helicopters (as outfit Orange Reaper) and Pilatus Britten-Norman's EL1NT Defender and being bid for a "number of MPA applications" including Canadian EH. 101s. MIR-2 ESM system covering the C-J radar bands. Total sales "exceed 300", applications including RN Lynx helicopters (outfit Orange Crop) and RN Jetstream trainers and RAF Hercules C.lKs (Orange Blossom). Updated to Mk 3 standard and Lynx which allows pulse analysis and to CW illumination recognition. Prophet Processor-controlled RWR covering the C-J radar bands. Suitable for both fixed-wing and helicopter applications. RACJAM AIR Airborne communications jamming system covering the 20-80MHz frequency band. Comprises the RA1796 receiver (2-l,000MHz), MA-1119 signal display unit and RJS3100 (ULQ-19) 100W jamming transmitter. RACJAM AIR is thought to be in service with several customers, including the US Army on its EH-1 helicopter.

AIL Systems
ALQ-99(V) AIL is prime contractor on the ALQ-99 radar jamming system (alternatively known as the TJS - Tactical Jamming System) up to and including the ALQ-99E(V) variant. Details of models currently in service are thought to be as follows: ALQ-99D(V) Used in the USN's 1CAP-1 (Improved Capability) EA-6B Prowler and described as three-man operated system able to monitor acitivity (via the integral SIR System Integrated Receiver subsystem) and generate "smart" noise against threats operating in the 64MHz-10GHz frequency range. Divided into system specific bands 1/2 (64-270MHz), 4 (500MHz-lGHz), 5/6 (12.5GHz), 7 (2.5-5-3.5GHz) and 8/9 (4.3-10GHz). Variant differs from previous models in having digitally tuned receivers and fully integrated processor driven jamming control. Jamming transmitters carried in up to five external pods. First ICAP-1 aircraft delivered in March 1976. ALQ-99E(V) Highly automated single-operator derivative designed for installation in the USAF's EF-111A Raven. Reported to be capable against system specific bands 1/2, 4, 5/6, 7 and 8/9. First EF-111A delivered in November 1981. During 1984, an ALQ-99E(V) update was abandoned. Currently the USAF is re-investigating such a programme. ALQ-130 Spot-frequency (?) communications jammer aimed at the communications links associated on with air-defence networks. Reported be in service on USN A-6s and A-7s. ALQ-161 AIL is the prime contractor on the ALQ-161 software-controlled integrated radio-frequency surveillance/jamming system (covering the 200MHz-40Ghz frequency range) for USAF B-1B strategic bomber aircraft. Software improvements have done much to enhance the system, and a number of tail warning "fixes" are under active consideration including the installation of Westinghouse's ALQ-153 or Sander's ALQ-156.

Vinten Military Systems 77

Vicon 77 Podded chaff/lR-flare dispenser. Reportedly two variants, Model 101 and 102, with maximum capacities of 308 and 384 cartridges respectively. Manual or automatic control and can be interfaced with an RWR. Vicon 78 Chaff/IR flare dispenser for internal/external installation on fixed-wing aircraft/helicopters. Available in four variants: Series 200 (manual or fully automatic system with launch modules capable of holding upt to 64 payload cartridges), Series 300 (Specifically configured for the Hawk family?), Series 400 (55mm IR flare system for aircraft such as the Tornado ADV) and Series 500 (configured for RVP and "target aircraft" applications). Vicon 78 dispensers are in service on the Sea Harrier (RN and Indian Navy), the CASA 101 and have been ordered for installation on Hawk 100 aircraft going to the Middle East.

MS Instruments
Hostile Fire Indicator (HOFIN) Passive shock-wave warning system for helicopters. Reportedly supplied to UK and Canada.

Argosystems
ALR-52 Multi-band, IFM SIG1NT receiver covering the 0.5-18GHz frequency band. In service on USN EP-3 SIGINT aircraft.

Pains-Wessex
Schermuly infrared decoy flares Pains-Wessex produces a range of IR decoy flares in 25x25mm and 52x52mm formats, reportedly compatible with dispensers such as the ALE-40 and the M-130. Schermuly flares are in service with the RAF and, possibly, the air forces of Denmark, Italy, and Norway.

Brunswick Widney Aish

ADS-10 Dispenser for chaff, IR flares, and smokescreening rounds for helicopter and "low-speed" fixed-wing applications.-' Dispenser houses four pre-loaded magazines which can be loaded with mixed stores, and can algo be interfaced with an RWR.
TALD

Plessey Avionics
(Part of GEC Sensors) Laser warning system Indirect/direct-illumination laser warner for helicopters. Effective against emitters operating in the 0.5.1. 3um range. Reportedly in production. Missile approach warning (MAW) system Active pulse-Doppler radar warner to detect IR-guided missiles. Selected for RAF Harrier GR.5/7s and offered for Tornado GR. l/4s. Westinghouse markets MAW in the USA. Racal Electronics Kestrel 2
42

UNITED STATES AEL Industries

AN/APR-44(V) RWR For helicopter and fixed-wing applications aimed at CW emitters. Believed available in three versions: H/I radar band APR-44(V)1, J-band APR-44(V)2, and H/1/J-band APR-44(V)3. In service with, or proposed for, the US Army and Marine Corps. Known platforms include the AH-1J/T/W EH-1, EH-60, OH-58, OV-1D, RC-12, RU-21, RV-1D, and UH-1N.

An unpowered , airlaunched radar decoy vehicle, TALD (Tactical Air Launched Decoy) can be configured in three ways; RF TALD for defence saturation/SAM missile training (fitted with active RF amplifiers and a "reflective lens" system), Chaff TALD for strike force masking (35kg payload launched from the rear of the vehicle in 40 increments) and IR TALD for IR missile training. System weight and glide ratio are quoted as being 205kg and 10:1 respectively. In service with the USN/USMC since 1986. 2,900 examples scheduled for delivery by the end of 1991 Improved TALD Turbojet-powered version of TALD capable of more "realistic flight profiles (than TALD)" and generating an "improved IR signature". Quoted as being capable of a range of approximately 125 km at a speed and altitude of Mach 0.8 and 20,000ft respectively. In development.

Bunker-Ramo
FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

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which was completed at the end of October. Silent Attack Warning Systems (SAWS) Passive threat warning system, the development of which is sponsored by the USAF's Avionics Laboratory. GE has completed a brassboard SAWS system which will be flight tested aboard a C-141 in early 1991.

General Instrument
General Instrument has developed a modular family of RWR/ESM/passive targeting equipment for fixed-wing and helicopter applications. IdentiBrunswick's Improved Tactical Air Launched Decoy fied members range are: ALR-66(V)1 latter incorporating a Loral CM-480/APR-39(V) ALQ-86 Processor-controlled RWR/ESM system covering digital processor. Approximately 3,000 APR-39 Receiver/surveillance system for the EW suite the E-J radar bands in four system-specific units delivered to the US Army and USMC for the carried by USN EA-6A aircraft. In service with the segments. Installed on USN SH-2 LAMPS 1 and AH-1, CH-46, CH-47, OH-58, OV-10, and UH-1. USN Reserve. West German Army has reportedly ordered 230 JMSDF SH-3H AESW helicopters. ALR-66(V)1 Cartwright Electronics units appear to have been updated to ALRAPR-39(V)1 units to equip PAH-1 anti-armour 66A(V)1 standard featuring improved processor helicopters. ALQ-192 memory and emitter library storage. E-Systems is also a supplier of SIG1NT equipPassive MAWS developed under USN sponsorship ALR-66(V)2 ment, including that for the five Peace Peek and being considered for the USAF tactical ALR-66(V)1 derivative, featuring extended freAtlantic SIGINT aircraft operated by the German MAWS requirement. quency coverage (C-J bands) and a passive Navy (MFG 3). E-Systems is also part of the over-the-horizon targeting facility. Installed on PRISMA (Primary System Imaging for Multiple Cincinnati Electronics USN P-3B/Cs to provide full Harpoon missile Applications) consortium (E-Systems, Grob, TST capability. During 1985, several systems were MBB and Elekluft) developing the Egrett/D 500 AAR-34 brought up to ALR-66(V)3 standard on USN high altitude reconnaissance/SlGINT aircraft and 1R self-protection system incorporating reception, P-3Cs. its payloads. display, and countermeasures activation subsysALR-66(V)3 tems. In service on USAF F-IIIs. AAR-34 procesESL sors are reportedly being upgraded to provide Generally similar to the ALR-66(V)2 with an commonality with the AAR-44. improved display/control system, ALR-66M3, the AN-ALQ-151 Quick Fix AAR-44 current "standard" ESM/passive targeting system Helicopter-mounted communications jammer IR warning receiver to monitor/verify missile on USN P-3Cs, is built under licence in Japan for covering 2-76MHz frequency band. Installed in threats approaching an aircraft from below and JMSDF P-3Cs and has been supplied to Portugal US Army EH-1 helicopters as Quick Fix 1. activate countermeasures where appropriate. Re(P-3B) and Norway (P-3C). ESL USD-9(V)2 Guardrail V ported to be in production. ALR-66(V)4 SIGINT system covering the 20-75, 100-150, and Reported to be an ALR-66(V)1 variant with 350-4S0MHz frequency bands. In service on US Dalmo-Victor upgraded software and D/F capability. Army RC-12 and RU-21H. A derivative is inte(Now part of General Instrument) ALR-66(V)5 grated with the Advanced Quick Look ELINT and Latest variant comprises ESM and passive targetALR-62(V) communications high-accuracy airborne location ing subsystems. Reportedly also available as an system (CHAALS) sensors to create a "common" Processor-controlled RWR on USAF F/EF-111 ESM system alone, or a passive targeting system suite for future US Army RC-12s. and RAAF F/RF-111C aircraft, ALR-62(V)4 is alone. Selected for the Boeing Update IV avionic part of the EF-111A terminal threat warning suite scheduled for installation in USN P-3C Fairchild Weston system and can "look through" the aircraft's Orions. (Now part of Loral Corp) ALQ-99 jamming system output An upgraded ALR-66(VE) ALR-621, under development for F/EF-111 fleet in RPV EW payloads Dedicated RWR covering the C-J radar bands and the 1990s. Fairchild Weston is reportedly developing three thought to be generally similar to the ALRAPR-39A(V) EW payloads for RPV applications: a radar homer 66A(V). Units supplied to New Zealand (A-4K/ Digital radar warner covering the E/G/H/I radar (covering the 118GHz frequency range), a radar TA-4K) Morocco (F-5), Tunisia (F-5?) and the bands plus portions of the J and C/D bands) jammer (118GHz), and a communications jamUK (Phantom F.2 and some transport airsuitable for "light" fixed-wing and helicopter mer (20-500MHz). craft.)The RAF's transportation application inapplications. Replacing existing E-Systems' APRvolves a customer-specific variant of the system 39 (V)l and 2 units on US Army/Marine Corps Ford Aerospace which incorporates a superheterodyne receiver. AH/1, CH/MH/RH-53, CH-46, and OV-10. A (Now part of Loral Corp) ALR-66(VE) may have been ordered by Greece specialised version, the XE-2, is being developed for its A-7 and F-4 aircraft. for aircraft such as the V-22, RC-12 and RV-1. General Electric (GE) ALR-79 The latest "standard" variant appears to be the AAS-43 Upgraded ALR-66(V) 1 with an IFM capability APR-39A(V)3 which is being described as offerThought to be the passive IR detection system for for jammer set-on purposes. Developed specifiing E/J and C/D radar band coverage and to be the USN's GD/McDonnell-Douglas A-12 cally for USN operations in the Persian Gulf. suitable for applications such as. the AH-64, "stealthy" strike aircraft. . ALR-80(V) UH-60, UH-1H, AH-1S, C-130, OH-58D AMP, INEWS Lightweight digital RWR covering the C-J radar CH-47D, NATO F-5A and HH-60 Pave Hawk. bands. Jordan is reported to have aquired examIntegrated EW suite for the YF-22 ATF being ples of the equipment for use on C-130s and one developed by Sanders and GE. Described as E-Systems AH-IS attack helicopter incorporating radar warning (with "accurate emitAirborne remote-control ESM system ALR-85(V)1 ter location"), jammers, dispensers, a MAWS, E-Systems is reported to have developed a pripassive missile launch detector and ESM. First Hybrid IFM/superheterodyne RWR covering the vate-venture remote-control ESM system for demonstration/evaluation suite was delivered to C. to J radar bands . System weight quoted as "small" aircraft described as comprising ELINT the Boeing-run ATF Ground Based Laboratory in being'"less than 45lbs (20kg)" (0.5-18GHz frequency band), COM1NT (1.5HHzDecember 1989, where it was integrated with the ALR-606(V) 2GHz frequency band), and D/F (20-l,200MHz) rest of the ATF avionics. Ground tests were Export. RWR/ESM systems based on ALR-66(V) subsystems. conducted during January/February 1990 fol1 and (VE). Three variants available: helicopter APR-39(V) lowed by flight trials ( in Boeing's 757 Avionics ESM (V)l, fixed-wing ESM/passive targeting RWR covering the F/G/H/I/I radar bands (plus Flying Laboratory aircraft) between February and (V)2, and RWR (VE). All cover the E-J radar band portions of the J and C/D bands) for helicopters. July. The second YF-22 INEWS suite was delivwith C/D band option. Users include Pakistan There are two variants: the (V)l and (V)2, the ered to GD in. April 1990 for a test programme (V2 on PC-3 Orions) and Morocco (on F-5). FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990
43

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Lightweight ESM system A lightweight C-J radar band ESM system based on ALR-66(V)5. A,prototype is scheduled for night trials in 1990.

Grumman
Airborne Radar Jamming System Grumman is reported to be developing a highpower stand-off radar jammer for helicopters based on the ALQ-99. The US Army may have already tested elements of the system.

GTE

Government Systems

ALQ-150 Cefire Tiger ESM for the US Army's Cefire Tiger airborne communications jamming system. Cefire Tiger employs three aircraft ESM/jamming "cells" covering the 60-115/1, 500-9,000, 115-480, and 450-l,500MHz frequency bands respectively. Cefire Tiger RU-21s first deployed during 1984. ALR-60 Deepwell Communications intercept and analysis equipment fitted to US Navy EP-3 SIG1NT aircraft. Produced in limited numbers (seven) and used primarily for tracking and identifying Soviet warships. Dragonfly Communications surveillance/jamming system covering the VHF/UHF frequency band. In service on RAF Canberra T.17A EW training aircraft.

_
Few can afford dedicated EW aircraft like these 1 ALR-67 ASR Hughes is teamed with AEL to produce the ASR "version" of Litton's ALR-67 RWR. Essentially a new equipment, ASR is designed to offer increased frequency coverage, sensitivity, D/F accuracy and signal processing capacity over the existing system. The USN plans to field ASR from 1995 onwards. Navy EA-6B Prowlers re-interest the USAF, the consortium has also proposesd a four box arrangement for the F-16 (instead of the intended seven) which would lack rear coverage and the high band capability. These could be added at a later stage. Currently, ITT/Westinghouse are producing 20 systems for a production verification programme and have confirmed an order for 100 Lot 1 low rate initial production units. Press reports suggest that South Korea may be interestesd in the system for its F-18s and that Westinghouse has previously teamed with Dassault Electronique to offer an F-16 system made up of ASPJ and the Carapace warning system ALQ-172(V) Internal dual-mode radar jammer using core modules from the ALQ-117. Two variants available: (V) 1 and (V)2, for differing threat levels and platforms. (V) 1 units may be used in certain USAF B-52Gs and the special-operations MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/Il. (V)2 is installed on B-52Hs.

Hercules
ALQ-176(V) Podded radar jammer reported to cover the 0.8-15.5GHz frequency band. Available in threeand five-transmitter variants, ALQ-176(V)1 and (V)2 respectively. Thirty ALQ-176(V) units reportedly ordered by the USAF and variants being supplied to Norway (F-16) Thailand (F-15 and F-16), and Flight International (Learjet). Jam Pac(V) Scab-mounted radar jammer covering the 0.8-15. 5GHz frequency band for helicopters and lightattack aircraft. Typically three transmitter modules, each covering a segment of the specified coverage. Pave Cricket A mini radar jammer was produced for the USAF's Pave Cricket EW RPV test programme, and carried aboard a Boeing Brave 200 vehicle.

ITT
ALQ-117 Pave Mint Internal radar jammer reported to cover either the X or 1/J radar bands. Used on USAF B-52Gs. ALQ-136(V) Internal I/J band radar jammer for the fixed-wing or helicopter applications. Developed in five versions ((V)l - (V)5)of which the ALQ-136(V)2 is specifically designed for use on US Army special electronic mission aircraft (SEMA) . With over 600 units delivered, ALQ-136 is in service with both the USMC (AH-1) and US Army (AH-1, AH-64, RC-12 and OV/RV-1). ITT has also received a $18.9 million US Army contract for system update kits. ALQ-165 "Smart" radar jammer made up of a series of common modules and intended for use in a range of aircraft types including the AV-8B, F-14, F-16, F/A-18 and A-6. Co-developed by Westinghouse and ITT, ALQ-165 ASPJ (Airborne Self Protection Jammer) "recognises" its host aircraft and is fully programmable with data such as threat mode, parametric information, correct ECM response and technique generation data residing in the system software. System transmitters use parallel pulse and CW travelling wave tubes, the output from which can be used against different threats simutaneously. Originally intended as a joint USN/USMC programme, the USAF is currently not proceeding with the large scale ASPJ procurement for its F-16s. The USN intends to continue with the project, acquiring systems to equip its F-18s, F-14s and AV-8Bs. For the F-18 and AV-8B, ASPJ is a five box system (high/low band receivers, high/low band transmitters and a processor) mounted internally in the former case and in a pod for the latter. For the F-14D installation, two additional boxes are added (an additional high band transmitter and a specialised high-band receiver) to give aft coverage. In an attempt to

Kilgore
Infrared decoy flares Kilgore manufactures a range of IR flares, including the Mk 46, MJU- 2/B, MJU-7/B, and MJU-10/ B rounds.

Honeywell
(Electro-Optics Division now part of Loral Corp) AAR-47 Passive MAWS operating in the ultra-violet (?) band. 300 examples delivered to the USN/USMC for use on C-130/P-3C aircraft. 400 examples on order for US and Canada. Proposed for the USAF tactical MAWS requirement as part of a hybrid system using AAR-47 to cover the forward hemisphere and ALQ-199 (See Loral) the rear.

Litton
ALD-11 ESM system for the GD/McDonnell-Douglas A-12 "stealthy" naval strike aircraft AN/ALQ-99F(V) Litton is prime contractor on the ALQ-99F(V) TJS (see AIL entry) installed on the ICAP-2 (Improved CAPability) EA-6B and, apparently forming the base of the forthcoming ADVCAP (ADVanced CAPability) EA-6B suite. ALQ99F(V) introduces a Raythe-on universal exciter for the jamming transmitters, steerable high gain transmission antenna (30' wide beams), a standard pod format, (previously, two pod formats were used), enhanced band 7 reception and the AYK-14(V) computer. ALQ-125 TEREC Tactical Electronic Reconnaissance (TEREC) system ELINT system to locate hostile emitters and maintain an accurate electronic order of battle. Installed in 24(?) USAF RF-4Cs. FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

IBM
ALR-47 Superheterodyne ESM system for USN S-3A and Canadian CP-140 (under the designation ALR-502. 160 units reportedly produced. ALR-76 "Form-fit" replacement for the ALR-47 for installation USN ASW S-3B and SIG1NT ES-3A/EP-3. ASQ-171 ELINT system reported to cover the A-J radar bands with a possible extension into the K band. In service on USN EP-3 SIGINT aircraft.

Hughes

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ALR-45 Digital radar warning and countermeasures control system. The latest model, the ALR-45E, incorporates the ALR-67 threat processor, allowing the system to interface with the AGM-88 anti-radiation missile, APR-43 receiver, ALE-29/ 39 dispensers, and ALQ-126A/B, -162, -164, and -165 radar jammers. The ALR-45 has been the USN's standard RWR, while the ALR-4SF is reportedly installed on USN/USMC aircraft including the A- 4M, A-7E, F-48, KA-6D, OA-4M, and RF-4B. ALR-46CV) Digital RWR covering the 2-18GHz frequency band. Customers include Egypt {modified (V)3), Iran ((V)2), Malaysia (for F-5s), Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. ALR-67CV) Processor-controlled radar warning and countermeasures control system. In service with USN (A-6E, AV-8B, F-14A/D and F-18), Australia (F-18), Canada (F-18), and Spain (F-18). For the USN, Litton is proposing the ECP-510 modification programme which could allow ALR-67 to interface with the host aircraft's INS and will improve its detect range "by a factor of ten ". If successful, ECP-510 will enter service during 1992 and act as a "halfway house" prior to the introduction of ALR-67 ASR in 1995. ALR-68A(V) Digital crystal-video RWR developed for German F-4F/RF-4E aircraft. Currently being updated by TST as part of the F-4 ICE programme. ALR-69 Radar warning system made up of the ALR-46 integrated with a frequency- selective receiver system and the Compass Sail low-band missilealert receiver. Some 3,500 ALR-69 units have been delivered to the USAF (A- 10, F-4, F-16, and AC/MC-130), Bahrain (F-16), Egypt (F-16) israel (F- 16), Netherlands (F-16), Pakistan (F-16), and Turkey (F-16). ALR-69 also forms a part of the USAF's SATIN (survivability augmentation for transport installation now), programme, looking at an of-the-shelf EW suite (ALR-69 RWR, ALQ-156 MAWS and ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser) for C-130s. ALR-73 ESM system, on USN E-2C airborne early warning aircraft and those of "three other countries", with 128 systems reported delivered. LR-5200 Tactical ESM system covering the 0.5-18GHz frequency band. Airborne elements can be mounted internally or in pods. Status uncertain. Litton is also reported to be the prime contractor for development of the ALQ-99F EW suite for the USN's ADVCAP EA-6B incorporating upgraded processors, radar jammers, and receivers. Passive Location System Emitter location system using the interferometry and reported to be capable of a direction-ofarrival accuracy of 0.5'. Uses a short baseline interferometer with 3 to 5 antenna/receiver modules located to within 0.3-lm area of the aircraft's external skin. Under development.

Lockheed Aeronautical Systems

Pacer Snow Integration of the AAR-47 passive warner wiht the ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser to provide EW cover for the C-5 transport aircraft.

Loral
ALQ-78 Podded ESM system for the P-3. More than 200 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

units reportedly produced for the USN and export (including the Netherlands). ALQ-78 produced under licence by Mitsubishi for JMSDF P-3s. ALQ-123 Podded IR Jammer for aircraft such as the A-6, A-7, F-4, F-5, F-16, and F-18. ALQ-131 receiver/processor VHISC receiver/processor add-on module for the Westinghouse ALQ-131 radar jamming pod. Contracts for 72 such units by the end of 1988. ALQ-157 IR jammers for large helicopter applications. Initial deliveries reportedly to USHC CH-46s. During 1988, Loral received a further contract for 140 units for "a variety of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft" operated by the USAF, USMC, and USN. ALQ-178 Rapport III Integrated, processor-controlled RWR/radar jammer for internal installation on the F-16. RWR subsystem can be installed alone. Turkey selected ALQ-178 for its F-16s in January 1989. During the early 1980s Israeli contractor Elisra had a licence for production of the system. ALQ-199 Third generation pulse Doppler MAWS based on the Elta L/M-2160 system and being considered for the USAF's tactical MAWS programme. ALR-56 Advanced RWR developed in three versions, the ALR-56A for the F-15A/B, the ALR-56C for the F-15C/E and the ALR-56M for the F-16C/D. In the F-15 applications, ALR-56 forms part of the aircraft's tactical electronic warfare system (TEWS) and in the ALR-56C form is the subject of a preplanned product improvement (PPI) programme which adds a new 256K computer and associated software. Loral is second source for the ALR-56M which is also being tested with the new D/F antennas to improve its emitter location capability. F-15 ALR-56s are believed to be in service with the USAF, the JASDF, the IDF and the Saudi Air Force. APR-43 Compass Sail Clockwise Hybrid (crystal-video/superheterodyne) RWR-D/F system covering the C/D band. Unit can be interfaced with the ALR-45/45F RWR, ALQ-126/ -162 radar jammers, and ALE-39 dispenser to form the USN's upgraded electronic warfare suite for aircraft not fitted with the ALR-67/ASPJ combination, ALR-43 is currently installed on USN/USMC A-4M, A-7E, and RF-4B. Challenger IR jammer for helicopters or "small attack, utility, and observation aircraft". Can be a fixed or retractable installation. Ordered by UK MoD. Defender Podded IR jammer for use where internal installation is impractical. Can provide aft only, aft/side, front only, or all-round protection. Reported to be in production. EW-1017 ESM system covering at least the C-J radar bands for fixed-wing applications. In service on RAF Nimrod MR.2/R.1 (as AR1.18240/11) and West German Navy Atlantic maritime patrol/SIGINT aircraft. Also to be fitted to RAF E-3D Sentry AEWs. Dornier and MEL are national design authorities for the system. Have Glance Loral leads a consortium (with TRW and Ferranti International) developing an active laser countermeasures system under the USAF project name Have Glance. Despite successful initial testing, the programme has now been cancelled although the technology will be "kept on the shelf.

Loralei "Fly-along" rocket-powered IR decoy round for "tactical, strategic, and transport" aircraft. Currently under development. Matador Family (11 configurations?) of IR jammers suitable for large transport aircraft. Uses between one and four pulsed transmitters co-mounted with the aircraft's engines. Rapport II Internal integrated RWR/radar jammer. In service on Belgian Air Force Mirage Vs. SAWS Passive warning system being developed under USAF sponsorship. Loral has completed a brassboard SAWS which will be tested aboard a C-141 in early 1991.

Lundy Electronics and Systems

ALE-24 Internal chaff dispenser for the USAF B-52G/H. ALE-29 Chaff/IR-flare dispenser for fixed-wing applications. Two versions: A and B (ALE-29B allows greater payload flexibility). Both systems can be interfaced with a threat-warning system. Each ALE-29 dispenser unit can house 30 RR-129/ RR144 chaff cartridges or 30 Mk 46/Mk 47 IR decoy flares. ALE-29 is in service with USN. ALE-32 Internal chaff dispenser for USN Reserve EA-6A. ALE-43 Chaff-cutter dispensing system for both internal and podded installations. Reported to be effective against the A-K radar bands. ALE-43 in service with USN Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group and NATO Multi-Service Electronic Warfare Support Group. ALE-44 Podded chaff/IR-flare dispenser for supersonic fixed-wing applications. Payloads comprise combinations of RR-119 chaff cartridges and Mk 46 IR decoy flares. Countermeasures system Modular chaff/IR-flare dispenser built around 14-round chaff and flare magazines. Typical installation comprises two externally mounted dispensers housing a chaff and a flare magazine. Chaff cartridges reported to offer protection across the E-J radar bands.

Magnavox
ALW-108 Podded IFF jamming system, some 250 systems Produced for USN E-2, EP-3, and S-3. Supplied to the West German Air Force for F-4s. ALQ-128 Reportedly a multi-mode radar warning receiver forming part of the F-15's tactical electronic warfare system TEWS). AN-ARR-81 Reportedly a multiple-receiver COM1NT system covering the lkHz-500MHz frequency band. Can be augmented by an "extension" receiver effective up to 2GHz. In service on USN SIGINT aircraft.

Martin Marietta ALQ-169 OWL-D

A tactical optical warning, location, and detection system for helicopter and "low-performance" fixed-wing applications. Being developed by a consortium comprising Martin Marietta (laser applications), Sanders Associates (development models), and Scipar (application analysis). Likely to be first installed on US AH-1 and AH-64 helicopters. 45

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McDonnell Douglas APR-38/-47

McDonnell Douglas is prime contractor on the APR-38/47 emitter location sensor systems installed on UASF F-4G Wild Weasel V defencesuppression aircraft. APR-38 comprises a Loral system control/operator indicator suite, IBM superheterodyne receiver subsystem, and Texas Instruments central processor. An APR-38 performance update programme (PUP) was begun in October 1982 to integrate an E-Systems directional receiver group (DRG) and Unisys CP-1674 processor. DRG subsequently cancelled and the CP-1674 is now being applied to the system, creating the APR-47.

Motorola
ALQ-122 Internal deception jammer on USAF B-52G/Hs.

Northrop
AAQ-4(V) Internal IR jammer for fixed-wing and helicopter applications. Thought to be in service on USAF H-53 helicopters and reconnaissance RF-4Cs. AAQ-8(V) Podded IR jammer reportedly used on USAF A-7/F-4 and to be in service on C-130s. ALQ-135 Internal radar jammer used in the F-15 TEWS. Two major upgrade programmes have been undertaken on the system, namely ALQ-135 QRC and a more general PPI effort. ALQ-135 QRC adds a "band 3" capability to the system and the USAF has received 65 such units which have been installed in Eglin AFB-based F-15Cs since May 1988. The PPI programme is in two stages, with Phase 1 adding the "band 3" capability and Phase 2, an improved "band 3" plus a "band 1.5" capablitiy. Phase 1 development/evaluation test were completed in May 1990 with Phase 2 trials scheduled to be completed during 1992. The USAF plans that the "band 3" fit should be F-15 fleet wide, whilst the "band 1.5" add-on will be restricted to the F-15E. ALQ-155(V) Power-management system for the ALT-28 radar jamming transmitter cued by the ALR-46 RWR. ALQ-162 Internal or podded CW radar jammer with integral receiver/processor. In service with or scheduled for US Army EH-1, EH-60, RC-12, RU-21, and RV-1 special electronic mission aircraft; USN/USMC A-4M, A-7E, AV-8B, and RF-4B; Canadian CF-18s, Danish F-16s and J35s; and Spanish EF-18s. ALT-28(V) Internal CW jamming transmitter on USAF B-52s. MIRTS(Modular Infra-red Transmitter System) Internal or podded IR jamming system.

for USN SH-60B and -60E ASW helicopters. ALQ-184 Major upgrade of the Westinghouse AN/ALQ119(V) radar jamming pod which utilises Rotman lens electronically scanning antennae and is quoted as offering substantial increases in effective radiated power and MTBF values. Suitable for installation on the A-7, A-10, F-4, F-15, F-16 and F - l l l , ALQ-184 weighs 290kg. To date, the USAF has purchased 274 such pods and Raytheon anticipates procurement to continue, at up to 200 units per year, for "some time to come". ALQ-186(V) Reportedly a podded radar jammer for testing air-defence radar systems, developed for the US Army. ALQ-187 Internally mounted radar jammer which is designed to interface with the ALR-66, -69, and -74 RWRs and the ALE-39 and -40 chaff/flare dispensers to form an integrated suite . Quoted as being suitable for installation in A-7, F-4, F-16 and Mirage 2000. Reportedly selected for Egypt's F-16s and being "operational with a NATO nation". Escort Reportedly a family of ESM systems covering the 2-18GHz frequency band for maritime patrol applications. Quoted as being "fully developed".

Rodale Electronics
A leading manufacturer of the AN/ALQ-167(V) and other EW training systems, Rodale is teamed with Ericcson in the REWTS programme.

Rockwell-Collins
ASQ-91 Internal communications jamming system, in service with the USN's Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group (FEWSG) and used as an interim comms jammer on USN 1CAP 1 EA-6B EW aircraft operating in the Persian Gulf.

Sanders Associates
(Now Lockheed-Sanders) ALQ-126 Internal deception pulse radar jammer produced in two variants: ALQ-126A and ALQ-126B. ALQ126B features increased frequency cover, enhanced jamming modulations, together with improved packaging/system cooling. Can operate alone or can interface with the ALR-4SF/ALR-67/ APR-43 RWRs and the ALQ-162 CW radar jammer to create an EW protection suite. ALQ126A is for USN/USMC aircraft including A-4, A-6, A-7, AV-8B, EA-6A, EA- 6B, F-4, F-14, F-18, and RF-18. Exports may include Australia (22 ALQ-126Bs for F-18s), Canada (ALQ-126B for CF-18s), and Spain (20 ALQ-126Bs on EF-18s). ALQ-137 (V) Internal power-managed deception radar jammer (reportedly covering the E-J radar bands) with integral crystal-video set-on receiver. In production for USAF F/ES-Ills. ALQ-144 Externally mounted, omnidirectional IR jammer for helicopters, Available in four variants: (V)I, (V)3, (VE), and A. ALQ-144(VE) is the export model while ALQ-144A is an upgrade of the original system covering additional frequency bands in the IR spectrum, The US Army has reportedly procured 822 ALQ-144s for its AH-ls and UH-60s along with 182 units for USMC AH-ls. ALQ-147 IR jammer using a ceramic source heated by

burning an air/fuel mixture. Two variants: (V)I and (V)2, ALQ-147(V)1 is a podded, "standalone" unit for the US Army's OV-1 battlefield reconnaissance aircraft while the M2 is a directable "add-on" to the rear end of a 680-litre external fuel tank, ALQ-147 used on the US Army's ELINT RV-1D, no longer in production. ALQ-149 Internal voice/data communications jammer covering a frequency range quoted as including the 20-7OMHz band. Intended for the USN ADVCAP EA-6B. Originally a joint venture between Sanders and ITT but the USN dissolved the teaming arrangement and named Sanders as prime contractor. Production to begin in the early 1990s. ALQ-156 Pulse-Doppler MAWS which can be interfaced with the ALE-39 and -40 chaff/flare dispensers. In service on or ordered for the USAF (C-130), USN (P-3C and A-6E) and US Army (CH-47, EH-60, OV/RV-1, RC-12 and RV-21) Being considered for the USAF's tactical MAWS requirement. In the A-6E IDAP appliction, spare capacity in the ALQ-156 processor integrates the system's ALQ126B radar jammer, ALQ-156 MAWS, ALE-39 dispenser and ALE-50 expendable. ALQ-164 Reportedly a reprogrammable, podded radar jammer (using ALQ-126 technology to counter pulse threats and a co-mounted ALQ-162 unit to deal with CW). The ALQ-164 pods are being procured by the USMC for AV-8Bs. 6988A POET Primed Oscillator Expendable Transponder (POET) is an expendable active radar jamming round compatible with the ALE-29 and -39 dispenser. In USN service but not in production. Self-defence system Reportedly an IR jammer developed at short notice for USAF E-3 Sentrys stationed in Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s. Use multiple heated graphite elements as the IR source, with one transmitter per engine. An Improved Self Defence System, quoted as being in service on USAF transports and E-3.

Scientific Communications
AN-ALR-75(V) Surveillance receiver system covering the 0.118GHz frequency range. In service on USN Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group (FEWSG) EC-24A, ERA-3B, and NKC-135A EW trainers.

Texas Instruments ATRJ

Experimental advanced technology radar jammer (ATRJ) using MMlC/GaAs/phased array technology to produce a high effective radiated power value. GEN-X 14cm x 3.5cm, active offboard expenable which provides "effective protection for the launch aircraft over a wide range of engagement scenarios". Compatible with the USN's ALE-39 and -47 dispensers. Gen-X has completed a successful technical evaluation, undergoes operational evaluation late 1990 and is expected to enter production during 1991. Gen-X has also been proposed to EURODASS to use in their EGFA DASS submission. HARM seeker Texas Instruments has developed some 10,000 AGM-88 HARM anti-radiation missiles. The company is developing the C-l seeker for the AGM-88C in competition with the C-2 unit from Ford Aerospace. TI's submission has had seven FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

Perkin-Elmer
AN-AVR-2 Laser warning receiver for helicopters. Codisplays with APR-39-series RWRs. In production for US Army AH-1, AH-64, OH-58, and UH-60.

Raytheon
ALE-50 Advanced airborne expenable decoy Towed active decoy aimed at monopulse radars used in SAM/AAA systems. Forms part of the USN's A-6 IDAP programme. Hughes is follower on the programme. ALQ-142 ESM system covering S, C, X, and K radar bands 46

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Westinghouse has supplied 1,200 ALQ-131 jammer pods to date out of eight successes in firing trials and is believed to use a single antenna to cover the weapon's 0.5-20 GHz frequency range and has a new signal processor to cope with the latest spread-spectrum radars. HARM is in service with the USAF (F-4G and F-16), the USN (A-7, EA-6B and the F-18) German Navy (IDS Tornado) and will be used by the German (ECR Tornado) and Spanish (F-18) Air Forces. The initial Spanish order is for 80 rounds beginning delivery in Financial Year 1992. ELS Emitter detection and location system for West Germany's electronic combat reconnaissance (ECR) Tornado. ELS utilises interferometric D/F antennae, channelised receivers, and a multiple digital processor to detect, identify, and locate emitters in real time, Currently undergoing tests. SWAS Texas Instuments have developed a brassboard SAWS which will be tested aboard a C-141 during early 1991. Repeater Antenna Performance) programme.

Thiokol
IR decoy flares Thiokol is a major manufacturer of IR decoy flares, including the M206, enter for the US Army's M-130 dispenser, the RR-119B for USAF's ALE-28 unit, the ALA-17A for USAF ALE-20 and the MJU-7/B for the ALE-40.

United Technology Laboratories

ALQ-133 Quick Look II Tactical ELINT system covering the 400MHzl8GHz frequency band. In service on US Army RV-1D ELINT aircraft.

nationally updated (V)- 10s in service (Buccaneer/Jaguar) and the system is still in service on German F-4F/RF-4E aircraft. ALQ-119(V) Dual-mode podded radar jammers. In service, but no longer in production (1,600 plus units). Latest standard identified as ALQ-119(V)-15 and (V)17. Known users include Egypt, Israel, Turkey, West Germany, and the USAF, Israeli ALQ-119s modified in-country and Japan has test flown an ALQ-119 pod on an F-15J. ALQ-13KV) Third-generation, dual-mode podded radar Jammer. In production and in service. Can be configured to combat up to five radar bands. Produced to two standards: Block 1 and Block II. Block II systems provide "improved reliability and threat capability". Known users include Egypt (40), Israel (20), Japan (14), the Netherlands (approximately 90), Pakistan (21), and the USAF (650-plus Block I and 450 Block II). ALQ-153 Pulse-Doppler tail-warner for the B-52G/H. A variant of ALQ-153 (360' cover in azimuth, 0.021m3 volume) is being proposed for the USAF's tactical MAWS requirement and the system has been proposed as a tail warning "fix" for the B-1B and as an "add-on" to the ALQ131(V) jamming pod. ALQ-165 Joint-venture internal radar jammer (see ITT). INEWS Westinghouse is teamed with TRW on the INEWS integrated EW suite for the YF-23 ATF.

Whittaker
ALQ-71(Mod) Podded radar jammer for EW training/evaluation applications. ALQ- 71(Mod) can be preprogrammed to cover the 5.2-6.4 and 8.010.5GHz frequency band. Current status uncertain. ALQ-167(V) Modular multi-mode (noise and deception) radar jammer for EW training/evaluation applications. Can be podded or internal. Operation may be manual or automatic and the system incorporates a receiver subsystem for jammer set-on. In service with the FR Group in the UK, Flight International in the USA, NATO's Multi-Service Electronic Warfare Support Group (MEWSG), and the USN's Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group (FEWSG). AST-4(V) Podded radar emission simulator for countermeasures training against anti-shipping missiles. Covers the H/I/J radar bands. AST-4(V) is in service with MEWSG. AST-7(V) Podded radar emission simulator capable of service with MEWSG. . AST-7(V) Podded radar emission simulator capable of mimicking airborne search, targeting, terrainfollowing, and missile-seeker radars, AST-7(V) can be rigged to cover threats operating in the H, I, J and K radar bands. ARI.23363/23379 Yellow Veil Yellow/Veil is a derivative of the ALQ-167 developed as a podded radar jammer for Royal Navy l.ynx helicopters and as an internal installation for Royal Navy Sea King HAS.5 helicopters and RAF Canberra T.17A EW training aircraft. Podded Yellow Veil is carried on the Lynx's standard Sea Skua rack and is described as being a "self-contained" countermeasure against antishipping missile attack.
47

USN

Pacific Missile Test Centre

Tracor
Big Boy Experimental towed active decoy currently under test Chaff-flare dispensers Tracor produces a range of dispensers including: high-capacity ALE- 37 chaff/flare/decoy); programmable ALE-39 (chaff/flare/decoy-POET and GEN-X), becoming the USN standard dispenser;, ALE-40 family of internal, semi-internal, and pylort-mounted dispensers (on A-7, A-10, C/AC130, F/RF-4, F-5, E-16, EF-111, CH-47, and HH-53); processor- controlled ALE-45 (F-15) and ALE-47 (under development for F-16, A-6E, AV-8B, EA-6B, F-14, F-18, P-3, SH-60, and V-22); and M-130 (chaff/flare) for US Army AH-1, UH-1, CH-47, OH-58, OV-1D, RU-21. Threat adaptive dispenser systems Processor-controlled dispensers which take flight/ threat data from host aircraft and automatically select the most effective dispensing programme to meet the threat. Systems include: ALE-40(V)X TADS; and TACDS for Italian Air Force AMX. Quick Fix IIB Tracor is producing and installing the Quick Fix IIB ESM/communications jamming system in US Army EH-60A helicopters. STRAP Tracor is devloping an active offboard expendable as part of the USAF's STRAP(Straight Through FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 14 - 20 November, 1990

The USN's Pacific Missile Test Centre is the " lead technical agency" for the l-18GHz AN/DLQ3C(V) and the l-18GHz AN/ULQ-21(V) internally mounted ECM test/training radar jammers together with the AN/ALQ-167(V) podded system. Both DLQ-3c(V) and ALQ-167(V) are also designed to act as operational "tactical contingency assets" with the former being mounted in SH-2/SH-3 helicopters for "tactical reasons". In addition, the Centre is responsible for the Tree family of radar jamming pods used on the USN's NCK-135A EW "aggressor" aircraft.

Varo
Laser warning system A multi-platform laser warning* system covering wavelengths in the 100-400 nanometre band. Uses flush-mounted sensors. Being tested by the USN.

Watkins-Johnson WJ-1740
Reportedly a digital, parallel-scanned, superheterodyne COMINT system covering the 0.03-40GHz frequency range. The system is quoted as having been developed for a "USAF airborne application" (RC-135?).

Westinghouse
ALQ-lOl(V) Podded radar jammer. In service but no longer in production. Latest standard is ALQ-101(V)-10 (400-plus units) which approximates to the later ALQ-119 capability. The RAF has some 90