1.

T a
0

2. T
3.
T
b
a +
4.
dx
dv
A F
5. ( )
dX
dV
A
F

6.

7.
l
V

8
Pr
4

8.
2
1
2
1
P
P
V
V

9.
4
2
1
2
1

,
_

r
r
V
V
10.
2 2 1 1
l V l V
11.
) (
4
2 2
x r
l
P
V

12.
l
V

8
Pr
4

13.

,
_

4
8
r
l
P
V

14.
4
8
r
l
R

15.

,
_

+ +
4
2
2
4
1
1
4
2
2
4
1
1
8 8 8
r
l
r
l
r
l
r
l
R

16.

,
_

+

+

4
2
2
4
1
1
2 1
8
r
l
r
l
P
R
P
R R
P
V

17.
4
1
2
2
1
2
1
2 0
0 1

,
_

r
r
l
l
R
R
P P
P P
18.
2 1
2 1
2 1
1 1 1
R R
R R
orR
R R R +
+
19.
) (
8
1
2
4
2
1
4
1
l
r
l
r
R
+

19.
4
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1

,
_

r
r
l
l
R
R
V
V
20.

VD
R
21.
2 2 2 1 1 1
v a v a
22.
2
1
2
2
1

,
_

r
r
v
v
23.
2 2 1 1
A A A +
24.
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
1
2
1
V P V P + +
25.
gh a av V 2
26.
g
h H
t
) ( 2

27.
) ( 2 2 h H h t gh R
28.
2 / H Hh R
MAX

29.
g
H
a
A
t
2

30.
) 2 / (
2
1
h h
g a
A
t
31.
) 0
2
(
2
2

h
g a
A
t
32.
) 1 2 (
2
1

t
t
33.
2
) / ( 1
2
A a
gh

34.
gh 2
35.
A
F
P
36.
g h P P
0
37.
2 1
1
w w
w

38.
water air
liquid air
w w
w w

39.
g Vd g Vd W
2 1

40.

,
_

1
2
1
d
d
W W 54.
2 1
2 1
v v
m m
+
+

41.
v v
out
1
]
1

1
42.
v v
in
1
]
1

43.
g hA Mg
44.
g A h y g m M ) ( ) ( + +
45.
yg A mg
46.
2 2 1 1
d V d V
47.
2
1
d
d
y
x

48.
d
m
V V ) (
0
49.
g d
W W
V
W
water air

50. [ ] g d x a xd a W
1 2
2
) ( +
51.
g
l
h h
2
) (
2 2
1 2


52.
g
la
h h ) (
2 1
53..
) (
3
4
6
3
g R Rv
55.

d +

1
1
56.
k
dp

1
1

57.
1
2
2
1
in
in
v
v

density of two liquids

58.
m y
m y
m y
v v v

+ +
----1)
59.
g
w w
v
water a

-------2) from eq 1 and 2

amount of impurity y can be calculated.
Where

is density of the liquid.

60. 0
v
=
ater densityofw
odyinair massoftheb

61.v-v
0
gives volume of cavity.