INTEGRAREA FUNCIILOR RAIONALE SIMPLE

ANALIZ clasa a XII-a (2h)

Prof. VRBAN TITU
Colegiul Naional Ioni Asan
Municipiul CARACAL, jud. OLT
Definiie: Funciile raionale simple sunt de forma:
definite pe domeniile lor maxime.
I. 1)
( )
C a x dx
a x
a x
dx
a x
+ +
+

+

ln
1
2)
( )
C b ax
a
dx
b ax
b ax
a
dx
b ax
+ +
+

+

ln
1 1 1
II. 1)
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
C
a x n
C
n
a x
dx a x a x dx
a x
n
n
n
n
+
+

+
+
+

+ +
+
+
+

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2)
( )
( ) ( )
( )
+
+
+

+ +
+
+
+

C
n
b ax
a
dx b ax b ax
a
dx
b ax
n
n
n
1
1 1 1
1
1
( ) ( )
C
b ax n a
n
+
+

1
1
1
1
III.

+ +
dx
c bx ax
I
2
1
, unde
0 a
.
Caz 1)
( )
( )
C
x x a
dx
x x a
I x x a c bx ax +

+ +

1
2
1
2
1
2
1 1 1 1
0
(formula III.
1))
Caz 2)
1
1
]
1

,
_

+ + + >
2
2
2
4 2
0
a a
b
x a c bx ax
(forma canonic)
+

+ +

,
_

,
_

,
_

C
a a
b
x
a a
b
x
a
a
dx
a a
b
x
a
b
x
a
I
2 2
2 2
ln
2
2
1 1
2 2
2 1
2
2
C
a a
b
x
a a
b
x
+

+ +

2 2
2 2
ln
1
Caz 3)
< 0
din forma canonic
( )
( ) ( )
n n n
c bx ax
B Ax
a x
c bx ax
B Ax
c bx ax a x b ax a x
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+ + + + +
2 2 2
2 2
;
1
; ;
1
;
1
;
1
;
1
C
b ax
arctg C
a
a
b
x
arctg
a
a
dx
a a
b
x
a
b
x
a
I +

+

+

+

,
_

+
,
_

,
_

2 1
2
2
2
1 1
2 2
2 1
2
2
Observaie: n cazul 2) avem:
( ) ( ) + + >
2 1
2
0 x x x x a c bx ax
( )( )

,
_

2 1 2 1
1 1
x x
B
x x
A
a x x x x a
(se folosete formula I.1))
IV. Se tie c ( ) +

+ + b ax c bx ax 2
2

+ +
+ +

+ +
+

+ +
+

+ +
+

dx
c bx ax
b
A
aB
b ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
A
aB
ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
A
B
x
A dx
c bx ax
B Ax
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
( )

,
_

+
+ +

+ +

+ +

+
+ +
+

b
A
aB
a
A
dx
c bx ax
c bx ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
b
A
aB
a
A
dx
c bx ax
b ax
a
A 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2

+ +

+ + +
+ +
dx
c bx ax a
Ab aB
c bx ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
2
2
2
1
2
2
ln
2
1
, unde

+ +
dx
c bx ax
J
2
1
se calculeaz cu formula III.
V.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+
+

+
+

dx
a x
x a
a
dx
a x
a x a
a
dx
a x
a
a
dx
a x
I
n n n n n
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
1 1 1 1
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
]
1

+ +
+

1 2
2 2 2 2
2 1
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
1
2
1 1 1 1
n
n
n n
I
a
dx a x a x x
a
dx
a x
a
dx
a x
x
a
( ) ( ) ( )

1
1
]
1

+
+

+
+

1
1
]
1

+
+

+ +

+
dx
n
a x
x
n
a x
x
a
I
a
dx
n
a x
x
a
n n
n
n
1 1 2
1 1
1 2
1
1
2 2
1
2 2
2 1 2
1
2 2
2
( )
( )

+
1 2 1
2 2
2 1 2
1 2
1 1
1 2
1 1
n n n n
I
n a
a x
n
x
a
I
a
I
( )
( )( )
1
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
3 2

+
+

n n n
a x n a
x
I
n a
n
I
, ceea ce reprezint relaia de recuren
din care se poate calcula n
I
.
VI.
( )

+ +
+
dx
c bx ax
B Ax
I
n n
2
, cu 0 4
2
< ac b
Observaie: Pentru
( ) ( )
2 1
2
0 x x x x a c bx ax + +
i dup descompunerea n
fracii raionale simple devine formula II..
( ) ( ) ( )

+ +
+ +

+ +
+

+ +
+

dx
c bx ax
b
A
aB
b ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
A
aB
ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
A
B
x
A I
n n n n
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) +

+ + + +
+ +

+
+ +
+

dx c bx ax c bx ax
a
A
dx
c bx ax
b
A
aB
a
A
dx
c bx ax
b ax
a
A n
n n
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
( )

+ +

,
_

dx
c bx ax
b
A
aB
a
A
n
2
1 2
2
( )
n
n
n
J b
A
aB
a
A
n
c bx ax
a
A
I

,
_

+
+
+ +

+
2
2 1 2
1
2
, unde
( )

+ +
dx
c bx ax
J
n n
2
1
Pentru n
J
scriem forma canonic i notnd
t
a
b
x +
2
, obinem:
( )

+

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
,
_

+
dt
t
a
dx
a a
b
x a
I
n n n n
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 2
1

, care este formula V.

Am notat
a 2


.
Aplicaii
( ) ( ) ( )
;
3 2
1
;
1 3
4
;
3
2
;
2
1
;
3
1
;
3 2
1
;
1
1
2 5 5 2

+ + + +
dx
x x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
( ) ( )

+ +
+

+
+
+ + + +
dx
x x
x
J dx
x
I dx
x x
x
dx
x x
dx
x x
2
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
5 2
2
;
1
1
;
1
1 2
;
2 6 9
1
;
5 4
1