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Watts, O.J. & Strogatz, S.H. 1998. Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature, 393(6684), pp.440-2. Barabasi, A.-L. & Albert, IR.1999. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science, 286(5439)" pp.509-512.
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Broodbank, C. 2000. An island archaeology of the early Cyclades Jenkins, D. 20011. Ethnoh istory, 48(4) Mackie, Q. 2001. Settlement archaeology in a ijordlland archipelago Swanson, S. 2003. American antiquity, 68(4} Bentley, R.A. & Maschner, H.D.G. 2003. Complex systems and archaeology Bentley, R.A. & Shennan, S.J,2003. American Antiquity, 68(3)

Carrington. P.JI scett.]. & Wasserman. S. 2005 ..Models and methods in social .• network analysis. Cambridge; New York: Cambriidge University Press. Bentl R., Lake, M. & Shennan, S. 200S.Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(9)
Knappett, C. 2006. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 16(02) Graham, S. 2006. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19(1) Graham, S. 2006. EX FIGLINIS lsaksen, L 2007. Digital discovery Brantiing, S. 2007. Digital discovery Earl, G. & Keay, S. 2007. Digital discovery lsaksen, IL.2008 ..Digital Medievalist Coward, F. & Gamble, C. 2008. Big brains, small worlds Collar, A.C.F. 2008. Religious innovation Graham, S. 2009. The space between Eva Kna ett, C. & Rivers, R. 2009. Complexity Perspectives Brughrnans, T. 2'010. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Coward, F. 2010. Small worlds 29(3)

Sindbcek 2007. Norwegian

Archaeological

Review

Sindbzek, S.M. 2007. Antiquity, 81(311) Pouncett, J. & lock, G. 2007. Digital discovery
Lock, G. & Pou ncett, j. 2007. Digital discovery Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2008. Antiquity, 82(318) Mizoguchi, K. 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Munson, & Macri, 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Schich, Hidalgo, Lehmann, & Park, 2009. BollettirlO di archeologia

Sindb",k, S.M. 2009. Estonian

20

Ajaa

in Innovation.

Hart, J.P. & Engelbrecht,. W. 2011. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory knappett, C. 2011. Meaning in miniature Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2011. Antiquity, 85(329} Phillips, S.c. 2011. Networked glass Schkh, M. & Coscia, M. 2011. IExploring Co-Occurrence scott.], & Carrington, P.J. 20111. The SAGE handbook of social I network

analysts. L.ondon: Sage.

Kohler, T.A. 2012. Complex systems and archaeology

Brughmans, T. 2012. Facebooking the Past

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analysis:

a handbook.

London:

Sage.

Gamble. C. 1998. World Archaeology

2000

Watts, D.J. & Strogatz, S.H. 11998. Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature. 393(6684)" pp.440-2. Barabasi. A.-L. & A~bert, R. 1999. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science. 286(5439), pp.509'-512.
Broodbank, C. 2000. An island archaeology of the early Cyclades Jenkins, D. 20011. Ethnoh istory, 48(4) Mackie, Q. 2001. Settlement archaeology in a ijordlland archipelago Swanson, S. 2003. American antiquity, 68(4} Bentley, R.A. & Maschner, H.D.G. 2003. Complex systems and archaeology Bentley, R.A. & Shennan, S.J,2003. American Antiquity, 68(3)

Carrington. P.JI scett.]. & Wasserman. S. 2005 ..Models and methods in social .• network analysis. Cambridge; New York: Cambriidge University Press. Bentl R., Lake, M. & Shennan, S. 200S.Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(9)
Knappett, C. 2006. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 16(02) Graham, S. 2006. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19(1) Graham, S. 2006. EX FIGLINIS lsaksen, L 2007. Digital discovery Brantiing, S. 2007. Digital discovery Earl, G. & Keay, S. 2007. Digital discovery lsaksen, IL.2008 ..Digital Medievalist Coward, F. & Gamble, C. 2008. Big brains, small worlds Collar, A.C.F. 2008. Religious innovation Graham, S. 2009. The space between Eva Kna ett, C. & Rivers, R. 2009. Complexity Perspectives Brughrnans, T. 2'010. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Coward, F. 2010. Small worlds 29(3)

Sindbcek 2007. Norwegian

Archaeological

Review

Sindbzek, S.M. 2007. Antiquity, 81(311) Pouncett, J. & lock, G. 2007. Digital discovery
Lock, G. & Pou ncett, j. 2007. Digital discovery Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2008. Antiquity, 82(318) Mizoguchi, K. 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Munson, & Macri, 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Schich, Hidalgo, Lehmann, & Park, 2009. BollettirlO di archeologia

Sindb",k, S.M. 2009. Estonian

20

Ajaa

in Innovation.

Hart, J.P. & Engelbrecht,. W. 2011. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory knappett, C. 2011. Meaning in miniature Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2011. Antiquity, 85(329} Phillips, S.c. 2011. Networked glass Schkh, M. & Coscia, M. 2011. IExploring Co-Occurrence scott.], & Carrington, P.J. 20111. The SAGE handbook of social I network

analysts. L.ondon: Sage.

Kohler, T.A. 2012. Complex systems and archaeology

Brughmans, T. 2012. Facebooking the Past

• Archaeological applications of graph theory were not influential at all to more recent archaeological network studies • The potential of social network analysis techniques was explored (largely theoretically) by Cynthia Irwin-W'ililiams no later than 1977 • Sociall network analysis and social physics have by far been the most influential research traditions, yet only a very limited range of models and techniques have been explored by archaeologists · Tendency towards a standardised explanation of attested network structure

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Bentley RA, 2000, FRACTALS, V8, P2.27, 0011 0.11421S02118348X00000263 Bentley RA. 2001, J ARCHAEOL METHOD TH, V8, P35, 001 10.1 023/A:l 0095219'15258 Bentley RA, 20.0.3"AM ANTI Q U ITY, V68, P459, DOl 10..230.7/355710.4 BENTLi:Y RA. 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P'l BENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P27 BEN1LEY RA. 2003, COMPlEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P75 BENTLi:Y RA. 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P9 bentley Bentley Ira, 200S,j arch science TEMP RA, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P877, 001 10.1126Iscience.309.5736.877 bintlliff branting ISAKSEN L, 2008, APPL NETWORK ANNAN, JIMENIEZ 0,2002, keay 5,2006, Knappett knappett knappett V4 0.121 S/00141801-48-4-6S5 Jenkins D, 2001, ETHNOHIISTORY, V48, P6S5, DOll inscriptions soc netw TEMP CONT THlEMES ARCHAIEOL, V3, P90

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collar a, 2007, med hist rev TEMIP F, 2008, PHI LOS T R SOC B, V363, P1969, 001 10.1 098/rseb.2008.0004 coward

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j, 2007, vecto r based TEM P

ROTHMAN 1M,1987, PALEORIENT, V13, P73, 001 10.3406/paleo.1987,4430 saitta dj, 1983, am antiquity schich Ill, 2009, network schich
Ill, 20111, exploring

SANTlEY RS, 1991, ANCIENT ROAD NEfWORK, subjectTEIM P TEMP

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HAGE P,1985, AM ANTHROIPOL, VSS, P108 MJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P2195. DOll0.1098/rspb.2007.0564 hartjp, 2011, northern hartjp, HUNIT iroquoian TEMlP 2012, effects of geo TEMP gift TEMP

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hill rna, 200.9, benefit

n, 1988,

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0814-005-08W-y

IRWIN GJ, 1978, WORLD ARCHAEOL, V9, P299 IRWINWILLIAIMS C, 1977, EXCHANGE SYSTEMS PiRE,P141 Isaksen I, 2007, neil: anal trans TEMP

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prehistoric complex polity tn northwest

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CR WHALENHE, 2a01 , CASAS GRANDES ITS HI WINDE:STC, 2a00, IliREA HOUSE f.911~!-!I:I.U",P'J9 T FISH PR, 1'999, CASAS GRANDES IIIORLD, P27 LftlBLANC SA., 1999 j I'REH[STORIC WARfARE LBKSON SH, 1999, CASAS GRANDES WOIRLD, pai" ~.Q~.~~f.'~':!~. lSi,!!,!!, CASAS GRANDES\'I()~L.D, P5i leF, SOHAAPSHA If!', 1999, CASAS GRA~IDE3 WORlfD, PtM WHALEN HE, 1999, Ii:,ASAS GRANDES WIJIRLD, P5;4 S\'IANSO~I 5, 1997 I THE5 IS U OKLAHOMA NO Who Len HE, 1995, AIM ANlI QUITV " \1'51, P732', DOI 113.2307/2820.14

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webpage 1

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publication 1995 webpage 3 publication 1985

• Software
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Software

Cytoscape
http://www.cytoscape.orgl

Pajek
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1977

"Gra

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O,Qi

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cs/0309023,

pp,1-27.

J,M. 1999. Authoritative

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Search Path Link Counts (SIPLe), the search path node pair (SPNP),
and the node pair projection count (NPPC).

26

Hummon,

N.P. & Dereian, P. 1989. Connectivity

in a citation network: The

devellopment of DNA theory, Social Networks, 11(1), pp.39a63.

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"

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_.

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:r.-...- ....L,.,.,_~"III
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...

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-'~.:'" .~.~-:.,

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po""

:--

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•..,;o

' ....

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_,. 4;,,11 p'

_ ..._-,..
•
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~~L'l'l"I..,.,~'~

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Bigger picture

Eg,o-network

Archaeology

Nodes

Arcs
Loops

Largest weaklly connected component

Weaklly connected components Deptlh of network

33,590 42919 , 2 33,498 2

-

2,304

70
133

4875 ,
_.
-

2,304
1 19

Maximum inputdegree
M,aximum outputdegree

19 48 1,237
1977

0 60 3 8

46
345

8
21

1990

•••

_"

••

II • -

• ••

......

.. -

-0. --

f "'-_,'

_,'

-_

,,,- I

Irwin-Williams

1977

1990

2000 -----(-')
_/

---------.

IR'MN GJ.1~n.

Outdegree

mj
•
••

1.

knappett c, 2 11, arch int (21 )

brughmans t, 20112, facebooking the past (15) brughmans t, 20110, ox j arch (9) earl g, 2007, urban conn (6) earl g, 2011, camp meth (6) kohler ta, 2012, campi sys (5) coward f, 2010, small worlds (5)

2. 3.
4.
•• ••

5. 6.
7.

1.
ZUBR
lo~k 9_,;l.O07 nelan'1'EMP 90,

Bentley

EHW,

IN e priNG SPACE ,P307

2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

9.

Mizogu( Bentley KNAPPE EVANS l Knappe" Bentley GRAHAr Gamble

- h' t, ~11 $;;hIChS" _00', swanson "2003, Cj;'MPU~~." "'-_th",tinlllff 11'-':003, J007,@Coor1964',Gorld ec 10 1 ~.lle"'" su ect ZOO:O>m Y$TEr\>W .'IRC _U","'~,.:••we pa\;tTEMF: p explorln Mt' , ,.nliqui~ TEM~ P75 'g: ifEiVI't" basedl TEMP arch TEM

BENTLEYRA,

hllC~al.

'

,,

pouncett ].

walihdars_

science TEMP'

look nelao"1EMJ>

g,,:IPJlZ.....__:t990\

ZUBRQWEBW,

1.NI~LTlNG SI"i\CE G, 1"307

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.

9.

Bentley RA, 2001 J ARCHAEOIL METHOD, TH (8) Mizoguchi K, 2009,J AINTHROPOLARCHAEOL, (6) Bentley RA, 2003, AM ANTIQUITY, V68, P4,59, (6) KNAPIPETI C, 2005, EM PORIA AEGEANIS E W (5) EVANS T, 2009, METH SER, V7, P451 (5) Knappett C, 2008, ANTIQUITY, V82, P1009 (5) Bentley RA, 2000, FRACTALS, V8, P227, (5) GRAHAM 5, 2006,J MEDITERRANEAN ARCH (5) Gamble C, 1998, WORLID ARCHAEOL, V29, P426 (5)
J J

SChiOhW_Q115(; Ie I ·ni;r'l"GMP'· expionn -

' =e

M . BENTLEY FlA, h h I '~~I' . "_""" h ",,,ao,.on 5'2003_'~~"F'l:~O LfC a ""lI>rIllift jl";;;O_IJ_3, pouncet J, __ su oct 2DDO>m SY6~~A:RC 984,Cil>ath lr o'5ITIOMFi'007,@a"r ., .niiquiiyTI'Mp 1>75" 'hag'TEMP' P basodTEMP

"0

1984,Q,rlo arch TEMP

I'"" "'01'''.''':

ut------:-.----------

•
solen ce TEMP

~RCHAEOL METHOD TH (8) ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL, (6) 1ANTI'QUITY,V68, P459, (6) MPORIA AEGEANS E W (.5) H SER, V7, P451, (5) NTIQUITY, V82, P1009 (5) A(TALS, V8, P227, (5) lEDITERRANEAN ARCH (5) RLDARCHAEOL, V29, P426 (.5)

Hubs and authorities

Most • • • • Most • • • Important authorities: GRAHAM 5, 2006,J MEDITERRANEAN ARCH ISAKSEN L, 2008, APPL NETWORK ANAL ANI Knappett C, 2008, ANTIQUITY, V82 Mizoguchi K, 2009,J AINTHROPOL ARCHAEOL important hubs: coward f, 2010, smalll worlds brughrnans t. 2012" facebooking the past earl g, 2011, (amp meth knappett c, 2011, arch int

.----------------••

Important hub and authority: • brughrnans t, 2010, ox j arch

Input domain

Irwin-Williams

1977

c:!.

:3 ('t)

---

-------(jj)

br

Citation weights

Bentley RA, 2000, FRACTALS, Bentley RA, 2001, J ARCHAEOL Bentley RA, 2003, AM ANTIQUITY,

VB, P227, 001 10.

METHOD TH, V~

V6S, P4,59, 00110.2307/355711

:005 __-CiJ ISAKSEIN L, 2008, APPL NETWORK ANAL AN, EVANS T, 2009, METH SER, V7, P451, 00110.1007/978-1-40 knappeU c, 2011, arch int

TEMP
the past TEMP

brughmans

t, 2012, facebooking

cocltatlon networlk
LlCIC B, 1993, ETHNOLOGY, V32, P375, 001 1O.2307i37734SH

~"ae,

1993, am ""'q";tyTEMF

I rna, 2009, benef.it gif1iTEMP

''-Saitta

dj, 1983,. am antiquity TEMI

, V56, P6S, 00110.2307/280973

language TEMP , V19,. P45, DO I 1 0.1558/jmea.2(J06.1 ANAL AN, V4 i'. 2009, j anth arch TEMP
worlds TEMP

9.1 .. 5 4

ARCH,

P1

cochrane ee, 2010, phil trnas " s b TEM P

Cocitation network
(" lucie 8,1993, ETHNOLOGY, V32, P375" 00110,2307/3773459

\an

ae,

1993,

am antiquityTEMP

(dailta

dj, 1sas.em antiquity TIEM

lTV, V56, P66, DOl 10.2307/280973 . , 001 10.1 098/rspb.2007.0564

11l'I'i!f~~~'

, 2010, ox j arch TEMP nappett C, 2008, ANTIQUITY, V82, P1009 006, J MEDITERRANEAN ARCH, V19, P45, DOI110.1558fjmea,,2006.19.1.45 nson jl, .2009, j anth arch TEMP

Bibliographic coupling
__ -no..:n",,,,,/1 F, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B, V363, P1969, DOI10,1098Irstb.2008,0004
1r~~~~~~~T~EMP q, 2001, settlement arch TEMP

Jenkins

0, 20(]1, ETHNOHISTORY,

V48, P655, 001 1

PEREGRINE P2195,

P, 1991, AM ANTIQUITY,

V56, P66, 00110

001 10_1098frspb_2007_0564

hem iroquoian

TEMP

munson GRAHAM S, 2006, SYSTEMS ARCH, pg

jl, 2009, j anth arch TEMP ARCH, V19, P45, DOl 10_1558!jmea_2006,19 ,1.45

MEDITERRANEAN

RA, 2003, COMPLEX

ntlsy RA 2001, J ARCHAEOL

METHO!D TH, V8,. P35, 001 10, 1023!A:1 009521915258

Size of vertices

Betweenness

Bibliographic coupling
warp F, 200B, PHILOS T R soc B, V363, P1969, DOli0.1098/rstb.2008.0004 1F~~~~~i~a~nllt~~lr~a~~T~EMP mackie q, 2001, sentement arch TEMP saitta dj, 1983, am antiqu TEMP

bentley ra, 2005, [arch science TEMP

.. "' ....... -1' ..

07, urban conn TEMP :Jenkins D, 2001, ETHNOHISTORY, V48, P655, DO~ 1

93, ETHNOLOGY, V32, P375, DOli 0.2307/3773459 L NETWORK ANAL AN, V4 ROTHMAN M, 1987, PALEORIENl", Vi3" P73, 100110

..-PEREGRINE P, 1991, AM ANTIQUITY, V56, P66, DOl 10

branting s, 2007, using an urban TEMP terrell j, 2010, ann hum gen TEMP

?1i~i!E-¥-AA;=-3.

munson jl, 2009, j antn arch TEMP COMPLEX SYSTEMS AR(;H. P27 mcgrade I, i!(J 03 , map n terrTEMP v GRAHAM S, 2006, J MEDITERRANEAN ARCH, V19, P45, DOI10.1558!jmea.2006.19.1 - ENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P9

.45

entley RA, 2001, J ARCHAEOL METHOD TH, V8, P35, DOllI0.1023!A:l009521915258

Size of vertices

Betweenness

Conclusions
- .. d Intuition con f rrmeo:
• Many network-related ideas and techniques have been around in the disciplline since the 1970's • There was a boom in applications in the last decade • New applications were hardly influenced by older ones • Archaeological network analysts did not seem to have been aware ofthe diverse range of existing applications in their field · Recentlly published reviews point this out most clearly The academic contexts of the publications clearly plays an important part in the diffusion of network ideas and techniques
Ii

But where did the new applications

get their ideas and techniques from?

Citation analysis I chaeological appllcat

~il:!lilll!lr,.,phk OiMIplinlll 8ib;liosraphic clll:Jpll~ ·_·..-_.,.... .... _..,. _ __ ..-_-I •

. .. .-."'• ~;>I..lI .. , ....

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...... !.,~~-

.-;:.~ ::-:.~:.-:~~~'~. -~~

"

..,' .;~. ,.... -:~.~. .. ,_',

_.

~.-

S::~2~~~':-;:,_,-·,

w-:Rl1~~~
:r.-...- ....L,.,.,_~"III
I ._...<.zff,_"""'02~
...

,Y .. -,---,-,.-"-,"-",,,,_~ ... ,
-'~.:'" .~.~-:.,

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, • (,I.tonl """" L...

h .. ~ " ~·H~.,., ....,..t.....,,,_, ,

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:--

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' ....

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•
• ...

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Citation analysis II rchaeology ego-netwo

..... ~ ............. ........... ~ ,. .-,....-.. ....-., r.._ ,."'... _·t",...."",.,_.."

..

L.........

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L~~ Oil:

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,]rdolOCo1as~~ppk.'IIuto"""Dlno:mer 1j'!;(tpI'nt'I -1".,"~I"OJIr.~P.lQr~'«rIIQn!ir.l\-.li.,..., f~?~ ~"d :5.i'-I",_-" ,:.:Irlt'Jl""",,,)11"D

l'!$_]I!'dIl.El~I~

-tl'!o').j:'II'\'I"J'=~"'l!n(:"l~~I:I'IIr:-~r:r:l!-:lr

.........

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..... ·" .. -'-" nu'~ .... 1'I1"It'r' -.... -~.'''''--'-'<111''''

.. .._ .....
...

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_1

"

_ ..
........ 01_

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__

' ..... _

....,

....

-w-tI <'1. .,

..... 1""'._.,.·,-.".
......._'

m.noJ

..,.,,·,E'..':r:IL_.,h-:..-· ...... ..... ...~ .r ..t

~:=C!:~-n
IlIpLJtiilomMII
IUCJo!E'M-o._

_
_

OC

'!lj.f.IIt1L11!. ....... ,.._

"'!.I!I

l!oS!
o!-.In

,:!.~ UJ~

....,.,,11.,_.......... _a:._
Iltn'tok,4t"L"'.r...,;~_;;.. ......... 1I.J.Z.;L~ ..

... \WI ~ ,_

....
J .......... ;S

..,

1::L'.'
~

~<A""""'''''''_''''''''~ _
.......,,_ L '-.._

..l:

....... ~-",..
•• _"" __ ....... _ '_~""

• .11

... 'lT'!Lw'~k ~

:~::5Si.~ ... """"".',_..-...",n ...

_ ..... _""''''''-.,'I!I
_",";';nllrLTnl.rw

"",__

M..u..:oD.~~, ..

..... ...,''''

..

Bigger picture

Ego~network

Archaeology

Nodes
Arcs Loops Largest weakly connected component

33,590
42,919 2

2,304 4,875
1

70 133

33,498
2 19

Weakly connected components D,epth of network

Maximuminputdegree

2,304 1
19 46

60
3

48
1,237

8
21

Maximum outputdegree

345

1854 1884

1925

Maximuminputdegree Maximum outputdegree

48
1,237

46 345

8
21

1854 1884

1925

1960

Outdegr
~g~'"

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

1. 2. 3. ~-..,,4.
5.

Wells PS, 2005, J ARCHAEOL RES (345) grove m, 2011, j anthr arch (198) BRAUN DP, 1982, AM ANTIQUITY (177) Coward F, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B (135)
Gamble C, 1998, WORLD ARCHAEOL (122)

1.

Indegree

"Q ..

....... .....~.... .
'0"

~ _,iJiQ",----------------~------------------------------~

'-1==========

• •• I~r---------------~-------------------------------------~ .
•• ••
!D~========================~'
I .~.------------------------

•• • •
•••

••

ID

Externall cltations
IINDEGREE WOK Barabasi AIL, 1999, SCIENCE, 46 6,392 Watts OJ, 1998, NATURE, 46 6,071 WASSERMAN 5, 1994, SOCIAL NETWO'RK 40 Albert R 1999, NATURE, 34 1,413 BOYD R, 1985, CULTURE EVOLUTIONARY 34 Albert R, 2002, REV IMOD PHYS, 29 5,152 GRANOVET.MS, 1973, AM J SOCIOl, 25

Scholar
12,545 14,873
12,140 2,938

1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
-

7'.

4,016 9,304

First archaeologists and historians DUNNELL Ref 1978, AIM ANTIQUITY, FLANNERY KV, 1972, ANNU REV ECOIL SYST, PADGETT JF, 1993, AM J SOCIOl,

131

o
293

239
616
880

Autlhorities
•

•
• •

•
• •

•
• •

KAIRDULIAS lPN, 1999, WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY SCHOHTMAN EMI, ~998, STUDI[ES CULTURE CONT, 1P1 02 WELLS PS, 1997, KELTENIKRIEGERN KIRCH, P147 WELLS PS, 1996, CRAFT SPECIIAUZATION, IPBS ARNOLD 8, 1995, CEILTIC CHIEFDOM CEILT, P43 CHRIST K, 1995, HIST INTERPRETATIONE, P9 COLLlIS J, 1995, CElTIC WORLD, 1P1 59 RIECKHOFF 5,1995, SUDDEUTSCHLAND SPANIN
ROYMANS N, 1995, INTEGRATION EARLY RO, P47

•
• •

VOlLlNG T, 1995, FRUHGERMIANISCHE WELLS PS, 1995, EIRENE, V31, P129

GRAB

WELLS PS, 1995, J EUROPEAN ARCHAEOL, V3, P169

•
• •

VOlUNG T, 1994, BERIGHT ROMISCH GERM, V75" P147 ,GEBHARD R, 1991, FIBElN OPIPIDUM MAINCH
ROGERSJD, ~990, 'OBJECTSCHANGE ARCHA

TIIMPE 0,1989,

•
•
•

REALLEXIK'ON GERMANIS, V7, P337 WALDHAUSERJ, 1987, BERICHT ROMISCH GERM, V68, P25
KRAMER W, 1985, GRABFUNIDE MANCHING L

WERNERJ,

1955, JB ROMIISCH GERIMAN1SC, V2, P170

Hubs
• • •
•

Newma n M EJ, 2003, SlAM REV, V4S, P167, 001 10.1137/5003614450342480 munson jl, 2009, j anth arch TEMP

• • •

•
• •

• •
•
•

•
• • • •

Smith ML, 2005, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V95, P832, 001 10.1111 Ij.1467-8306.200S.00489.x Watts OJ,2004, A[NNU REV SOCIOL, V30, P243, DO I 1O.1146Jannurev.soc30.020404.1 04342 Wells PS, 2005, J ARCHAEO L RES,V13, P49, DO 1[1 007 Is 10814~OOS~081 0.1 O~y BENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P27 grove m, 2011, j anthr arch TEMP Rinaldo A, 2006, WATER RESOUR RES, V42, DOl 10.1 029J200SWR0041 08 Stein Gj, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V1 04, P90.3, 001 1O.1S2SJaa.2002.1 04.3.903 BENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, pg brughrnans t, 2010, ox j arch TEMP knappett c. 2011, arch int TEMP Smith ME, 2001, J ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL, V20, P245, DOl1 0.1 006Jjaar.2000.0372 WebsterJ, 2001, AM J ARCHAEOL, V105, P209, DOl1 0.2307/507271 Wells PS, 1998, J ARCHAEOL RES, V6, P239, DOI[ 10.1 023/A:1 022828421770 Lightfoot KG, 1998, AM[ ANTIQUITY, V63, P199, D'0110.2307/2694694 Woolf G, 1997, WO[RLD ARCHAEOL, V28, P339
BROODBANK Jennings (,2004, P CAMB PHILOL SOC, V50, P46

J,

2006,

J ANTHROPOl

A[RCHAEOL, V25, P346, 00,1 10.1 016/j.jaa.200S.12.001[

Input domain

Input domain

ZIPF GK, 1949, HUMAN BEHAV PRINCIPL (133)

•
• •

WA5SERIMAN 5, 1994, SOCIAL NETWORK (132)

KOCHEN M, 1989,. SMALL WORLD (128) ERDOS P, 1960, PUBL MATH I HUING, (125) MITCHELLJC, 1969, SOCIAL NETWORKS URBA (125)

• •
•

Watts DJ, 11998,NATURE, (125)

BA, 1998, SCIENCE, (122) Albert R, 11999,NATURE, (12.1) Huberman

• •
•

CRO'W EL, 1988, LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTI (121)

Huberman BA, 1999, NATURE, (120)

RODRIIGUEZITURBE I, 1997, FRACTAL RIVER (120)

Citation weights

NMman'MEJ,

2003, SIAM REV, V~5, Pl'67,DOllI1I117!S0036l4'

Newman MEJ, 2002. PH'r'S REV LETT, V89, DOl1 011 03IPhysRevLell89_2OO701 A.lbert R, 2002, REV MOD PWfS,. V74. P47.DOI1O.1103IRevModPhys7447

Cocitation

Bibliographic coupling

Conclusions
• Some publications particularly lnfluentlal to archaeological applications AND in other disciplines • Large number of publications influential in physics and ,SNA were not influential to archaeologists. • Disciplinary communities start to appear But this is still an archaeological network

Citation analysis II rchaeology ego-netwo

..... ~ ............. ........... ~ ,. .-,....-.. ....-., r.._ ,."'... _·t",...."",.,_.."

..

L.........

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l'!$_]I!'dIl.El~I~

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.........

JIH.

..... ·" .. -'-" nu'~ .... 1'I1"It'r' -.... -~.'''''--'-'<111''''

.. .._ .....
...

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....,

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..... 1""'._.,.·,-.".
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Citation analysis I The bigger p.

Conclusions and future work

Citation anill:ysis .lIowed to: • Confirm !I1<11 <lnd, new arcih<!eologiC<!1 i!pp!!c<!tion~ ol'd
inHu:encing archaeologists emerged independently , Identify the key publications

• Identify key publlcatlons

in other dlscjplines with [potential applications in archaeology , Hint of thee~i;;tence' or acadEmic CommLinities with slrnllar citation behaviour • Explore evolving citation behaviour of archaeologists

• Suggest ponentiilily fruitful

future research avenue;

Solutions? , broad rrrultl-dlsclpllnary context dominate

scope research

, letting the specific archaeological the application

Future citatton analysls , Tile bigger picture , (ontexw,alise citation behsvlour detection of erchaeolog lsts , Academic community

, Influences of older applications

Citation analysis allowed to: • Confirm that old and new archaeologicall applications emerged independently • ldentify the key publications influencing archaeologists • ldentify key publications in other disciplines with potential applications in archaeology • IHint of the existence of academic communities with similar citation behaviour • IExplore evolving citation behaviour of archaeologists • Suggest potentially fruitful future research avenues

Solutions?

Solutions? • broad multi-disciplinary scope • letting the specific archaeological research context dominate the application

Future citation analysis • The bigger picture • Contextualise citation behaviour of archaeologists • Academic community detection -Jnfluences of older applications

Tlhankyou!
http://connectedpast.soton.ac. http:// archaeological ress.com/ Join the Networks u kl rd p

networks.wo

Networkl

Special thanks to Mlarco Buchler, Graeme Earl, Simon Keay, Leif

Isaiksen, Cat Cooper, lza

Romanowska, Anna Collar, Fiona Coward, Jeroen Poblome, the Networks Network, Johannes Preiser-Kappeller, the social

systems modelling group, Jason

Noble, Seth Bullock, John Terrell,

Carl Knappett