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9

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z _\TqT +< |uT + sb+~++~. & bsyT+{ y~+q |s+ dH |t~ Vdt
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qe] 16`31, 2012
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qe] 16`31, 2012

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s# T y{ <sH |]de|e TesT. dmHmH-_mH
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qe] 16`31, 2012
d fyT
12

d+| jT$T+#qTqT |uT+ n~]+>

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(d) yTT<q y] +f nH b<q+
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T d& |+|+#sT. <s n$ es
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qe] 16`31, 2012
13
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deV+ s sjT + d+
sh+ n$ sV b\q d+
MT dV s &T n+~+#+&

d b $s\T e+&
MT]# $s\ |P]> H+ { ssTTr e+T+~.


n$ n++ #jT &, sj \qT D #jT &

s|~<T q |C<eTyT d b
|\T |uT e\T ` b\\T deqq H<< q
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| e] 11`26
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MT]# $s+ | sbsTT |C# q se\ $j>+ neT+~. MT]# $s+ <q sj
qsjT + #d sb\ y+#&TT+~.
MT]# $s\ q yTT\ L|qT, |< yTT so<T\T $~> ksT . MT]# $s+ |sbsTT
$~> shb s\j #sT T+~. n&qT+& b s\b\ $j>+ neT+~.
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@b d b.
MT]# $s+ d b |+ #dT + ~. sh sj esTdT+ ~. n$ sV b\q
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d b
qe] 16`31, 2012

14

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|| b\T, |Cd+|\T nu+s+ #|&+ e\ _\TqT bsyT+T |+& yq Z+~.
<X+ $wjT+ + #s s>\, sTy m|t& \| sjT+ rdT+{eT |uT+
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|u$eTjT d V\sY d+|~d ydy\T \TksTT. d yTT<{ qT+& +{ n+X\|
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ksTT nqTuy d]++~. V<su< 40, 50 MTs <s+ eq s+>s&, yT< \
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&
X+ sT 22 #*\+ <jT + =$T<eTH
eT+#Ts\T eTTH HsTT. |CkeT|s+

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d+ Hj? s T \ d+ eHj nH nqTeq+

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d e\+{sY uT q+< *d s+>s&
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s T nH&T. yT\> #s s T #sy~> e]+~.
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V <su< 30 .MT <syT >qT Ls>jT\ k>T
#dT H sT. n+<T wq c\T @sT e |{sT .
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| #beTT. {e\ +<|uT+ b]H &s
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qe] 16`31, 2012

15

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

\T>TT+< ybjsT. |uT + m|&t \| sj

ysTT< yjT & s T sd+ #&T.
s T \ e{ & | & T eTq+ m| t & \
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wb +> ds sb\ s y Tq|&T
yTeTqTH+. sT\ #s d]>Z n+<s+
dH b{+#+. yT\> sT\T e eTyTyT
e{&&+ yTT<\T|{sT. y Ls>jT* m&
neTT+THsT? n s rd n& <>sZ n
s T CsY neTT+THeT ysT #bsT. n&
s T \+f < mejs yT\yT \> s T \ X+
>T Z < wy d T H s s T \T |s <T #ksT.
{ e y T & my T . \ s & < \qT
s T Csq T+ jT |+|eT <X\T e&+
e\ =+ yTsT> + < ysHsT. <sT\T s
sjT HjT\ e rdTe eT s T Cs
wy j
T & |jT \T k>TTHjT s T \ +<q
e+ #ksT. nd TuT e&+ < , s+
sT Cs Ls= be yTT<\T= es
n$T | ju e+< >eTT\T yTT>TZ +
yj *edT+ < #bsT.

sj
T + #dT H sHsT. @ |+ |+&+#{ m+
KsT neT+< yjT+& y* sT <
ss TT+#&+ @+ HjT+ n ysT |+#sT.
d+<u< y+&es{ V<su<
MTsY\+eT+& y[ MTwH mC+{ qT+& Ve
es <|& Tb THeT s T \T nHsT.
$T*+~ | H yT< eq e+{e$T& es{
d u j s T n & L & L s > j T \T rd [
neTT+THeT sT\T *bsT. n&
TuT <s se&+ < sE eq Ls>jT\qT
{ <s sj
T + e&+ e\ |+&q |+ nsTTq&
neTTy* edT+ < ysHsT. +-

sTCs sT sjT+ # s>&+ e\

n& qT+& bs+ nH >e y+. yT+
b+\y s T \T qw b T Hs ys H s T .
edTHeT n+eTT+< de#s+ e+&&+ e\
usTTH | * s T Cs
s s TT+q s T
V<su< $T>
m$T~ s T Cs L&
ne*edT+< ysT
* bs T .
sE
s T CsY
s q T
s s TTd T H n+< T
s T \ u>keT+ nd
< sT\T *bsT.
> + < s s j T
$ T{ s T \qT
u > k eT # dys
eT< @ | + >
sTCs y <s\
qe] 16`31, 2012
d fyT
16

eT<V+ nsTTH s T \T ed+ m<TsT#dTH sT.

Ts& nH s T b\+ s T #sy~ yTT<\T|{+.
y c\T e$Tw #| &+ yTT<\T|{sT . n&
L& n+<sT Ls>jT\T |+&dT H sT. V <su<
y +& @{ m<T~qT +q>sY y sJy s&T |
eq e+{e$T& (yT< ) >eT+ eq <ojT
]f W{ Ls>jT\T rd [ neTT+THsT.
uu>& >eT sT\+f M # n&qT>
eHsT. HsTbjT&+ qT+& sT |&+ < <T
eekjT |< T \T ne\+_dT H sT. } n+<s
&|t ]>wH |< H nqTd]dTH sT. eT+ e+>&\qT
| + HDyTq Ls>jT* |+&dT H sT. n+<s
#<T eq s T qT m|&t >T]+ y] |<>
$e]+#qeds+ b sTT+~.

<=] neX+ +< |u sY s & nH s T *bsT.

m|t& \T ed \s ybsT\T qwb sTT sT<>+
|sT>TT+~ <! nq e |X MT djT+>
#|&<+ |<+& n+ y L& e
e+{e$T& >e e#sT. sJy sV <]| >
<s> H\T><T <ojT ]f s+> d+d\T

|dT + eTT es{ #dT q ]f W{ >T]+

y] n&>+. y{| ysT |P] d+| eHsT.
|* |\* |qT |+&+q |+qT es{\,
sTCs rd[ nyT u< |+< ysHsT.
e+{e$T& eq .{.d., ]\jTH, ysY, dqsY,
yT{ +|\T eT nedseTsTTq Ls>jT*
n+ eTT+<T sC s T \ d+|~+ eT+THs
sT\T *bsT. y] +&+{qT { eTT j
Ls>jT* rd [ e+{e$T& eq es{j sT
+f sbsTT me <s Vd>
=+THs *bsT. {yT{ e#T, d{sY
e#T. @<H HDyTq dsT qT >&+> #d rdT
THeT < q <s q T L& b+<TTHeT
sM+<sY s & nH s T *bsT.

M&T H V<su< qjT+

deTT< <>sZ > eq M&T #| <s +f
V <su< yT{ Vd c| #|\ <s \ T
e> eHjT V <su< eq|& n&
#|\ T & =qT+{q M&T #+~q s T
. Cq seTsE #bsT. V <su< |eTTK
V y L & y T { c| H # | \ T
=+THs jTq nHsT.

>&+> $T*bsTTq dsT qT k Ls>jT\

ybsT\ =+#+ e <s n& nyTdTH eT
ysT #bsT. @<yT H m|&t \T ed <ojT ]f
s+> #] e]bT+< ysT X|&TTHsT.
|&Tq ]f W{ &T $<o +|\T
ed + &e+& @s& s T q <s e# neX+
+< ysHsT. s T $j><sT& eT< <sT
n+#\ m|t&\T =\kjT <+ sT
<jT+ $j><sT& e <s Ls>jT\T

qe] 16`31, 2012

q sjT+ d+....

\s ybs+ #d #|\ T neTT=Hy L&

Vd yT{ = es{ neTTTHs
jTq nqTuy $e]+#sT. #|\ T $ks+ > <=]
e b++ qT+& Vd> = eT< <\T
meeT+~ +& #d +{ Vd c|\T
+ sy\+f <X+ m|t& |T&T*
nqTeT+#*q Cq seTsE >{> y~dTH sT.
17

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

Ls>jT* s T \ qT+& HsT > =+THsTT.

n& nqTuy * #d s T \T +|\T q
+& + TqT { eT< V + C
Ls>jT* n& neTT+ y+H &T
HH n+{ eT #sTT+#T+THsT.
c| <TqT+& |~ |~VqTeT+~
# T T | \ >e\ j T Terj T Te \T
|#dTHsT. sT\T q dsT* >&+>
# j T & + , & + > , nH & + > # j T & +
V <su< |+|&+ es ysT #dTH sT.
n+<s +&jT{, |<e s> |
#<T eHsT. =] 4 y\ qT+& 6 y\
es J\T dTH sT. {+{ W{ T + |] e< e]+~. s T CsY jT {e =\+q
meeT+~ jTTe neX\T \_kjT ysT <] neT+ <sT\T >T$T>& HsT. |\ +
=+ e T+~ < \T e+& > eTeT m+< T
*bsT.
=\+#s ysT |+#sT. nd\T sTy
usTTH|* s T CsY <s * m|{| &T d]+
< \qT | P ] > =\+#*+< q & e +&
<|syT ]f W{{ eTs sbj nss bj
#dTHsT. =+<sT yT] sT\T yT+ |+
|+ s T \ e< Ls>jT\T =+THsT. | H
|+&+#, |+&+q |+ sT Cs LsT
eq e+{e$T& es{ du jsT >&+> #jT
ne? @<yTH eT< <sT\T e+&*+< n
Ls>jT\ s T, ]f W{ s d> d>+
eTs y<q yTT<{ sT . s T < \T,
& e+~. <+ s T \T ]f W{ y |
|+\T sjT b\|s+ > N*be&+ e\ +{
yTT>TZ#|THsT. ]f W{ dyTHsqT
y<q\ edTH jT s T CsT sE Ls>jT\T
+s #X+. sT\ e< =q <s eTs 30%
# cMTsY| s T q+<s & ybjsT. @<yT H
u+ ydT ]f neT\qT #dTHeT ysT
eTT |+&+q |+ uk { <s eq|& s T \T
*bsT. syD L& |eD\T b{k+ qT
u>T|& s jTq nHsT.
]f W{ C dsT*
neT> \ T> T T HeT ys T
*bsT. ]f W{ dsT \T
rdTeq sT\qT m|t& \
>T]+ n& e &e+&
* +# @ es T H H y T eTT
VkeT nHsT. n+<T
e+{e$T& ]f W{ H
e Ls>jT\qT neTT+TH+
nHsT. $<o d+d\ T ed e
u+ <! nHsT.
e ds n s T CsY

qe] 16`31, 2012

18

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

k sT\|

eTu+& ]f s+>+ |ue+

` |]o\q

]
f s+ > ybs d++~+ eTu+& ]f
d+d\T >e nqTd]dTq eekjT, es{
$<H\ |]o\q, n+#H yjT &+ d+ 2011 &d+sY
22q yT< cMTsY|, bs+, +{e$T&
>e |s qqT sV+#&+ ]+~.
+<+ sT\T, y] |<T\T, |+|D +<\
|<T \T, eekjT ]\T, s T Cs sV\T
bZHsT. ysY, dqsY, ]\jTH |w ,t {d #b,
yT{ wt ~s ]f d+d\ |<T \T
L& +<T bZHsT. eed ]f s+>+ s T \T,
>e\| #|dTq |ue+ >T]+ ds
$d +> #]+#&+ ]+~. $es\T deT>+>
eHsTT.
i

` ksTTw

ysT eT T* rdTy >\T>TTHsT.

i

]f\ sT eT neds\ nqT>TD+> eyT

=qT> s|& + bT neT| <s q T d ]+#s
|]o\q *+~. |* +> ]f\ sT n<q| |T&
neds+ +&H eT HD|eD\ ksTT
|j H\qT s T \qT+# HsT > b+<>\ T>TTHsT.
n>, m|&T @ |+&d |j qy s T \
de#s$Te&+, ne>Vq *+#&+ e\ sT
qwb jT neX\T bZ jsTT. eTsy| ]f\ s eT<
b{ sEsEL |sT>TT+&&+ sT\T eT
eekj T | < T \qT eT]+ < T + >
sb+~+#T>\T>TTHsT. b\T, b T\
s+> ]f s+ >+ kqTL\ |u e+ |{ y\& + ~.
<VsD y+fX s V#dt d+d k |sT>T<\
( ejTdTqT, y{ =e|<s\ ksTT sEy>
>& + ), <D, s |X Vs ds| s * rs&+,
T ~k s TT e s { + > ned s \qT s V k + ~.
|< q+> d\ +, yk* @sT#d, jT+ ke
~s\T, ]\ sVD (T+u\T / \ee~
L\T), sEy sVD u< \T s]k+~.
|* +> s T | & HsT > neT&+ < e+d+
s|+ neT&+ <s e# <j >s+{
\_k+~.

sT\T eed ]f\s eT T*

neT&+ <s u| & T THsT. es{ b*d <s \ T
=+ e>H #*dTq|{ dsyTq &e+&
e+& & + , K y T q + e+& & + , s y D
KsT b e&+e\ s T \T |j q+ b+<TTHsT.
<VsD ]\jTH |w t s T \qT+ y{qT <T
sbjT\ >yT #=|q =qT>\T#k+~.
sTCsY y y{\ |~X+ n<q+> J
<Tqs sbjT\T #*k +~. + K +
b e&+, B&T 10 X+ < <\ MTwq
s|+ y*edT+&&+ +<TM
i k<sD+> usTTH|* es{ eq <s\
]f s+ >+ s T \ uk {> e]+~.
<s+> es{ <s \ qT ss TT+#&+ sT>T+~.
i HDy T q T * e y T ]f d+d\T
]f d+d\ T <s \ |~X+ n> eT
=qT>\T #dT + &>, $T*q T* s T \T <<| <s* ssTTdTHsT. B+bT eT e*q
ny <s\ jT neTT>\T>TTHsT. Be\ T \ $es* s E eTT+< T >H s T \
sT\ HDyTq T\ |+&+#&+| ne>Vq *jTCdT H sT. ssE e+&ujT &e+& >T]+
|]+~. <T eekjT |< T \qT nqTd]+#&+ eTT+<TsC *jT&+e\ s T \T n+<T nqT>TD+>
bs+_+ ]f s+>+ sT+Tq HD ksTT eT T* d<+ #dT >\ ydT \TuT @s&+~.
qe] 16`31, 2012
19
d fyT

s T \ |{w y T q d+|T { eedq T @ss, ]f

d+d\ neds\ nqT>TD+> eekjT $<H\qT
+B+ #jT>* sT\ s|qT+ ds|s\T
eT]+ yTsT>T|& jT e |]o\q >eT+#&+
]+~.

q sjT+ d+....

|{es ~ |<ksTT b~ *+#

$<q+> |+#&+ <T .
i

sT\ #*+| |<T\T L& yssT>

eHjT >eT+#&+ ]+~. <VsD {d
#b n& & #*+ |\T sT|+~. ysY d+d
i j ]f
d+d\ eT< <s \ T, HD|eD ys eT&TksT #*k +~. @ #*+ | |< HH
ek\T+&&+e\ s# |<ksTT T* s T \T d+|> eHsT.
s d ]+# & + ,
e<
e& +
e+{
eekjT ]\ \u e> e+<H ueq
+< T < T s e T HsTT. ]f \ s ned s \ ds e+~. |<m Tq j+s D #|{ yD
nqT>TD+> sT\T eT HD |eD\ ksTT eekj #|& |]d |P]> sTesjT T
|+#Te&+| <w k]+#*q neds+ |k+~. |k+~.
<VsD {d #b eT HD |eD* #
yTTM T< #d, eTu+& ]f +<\T s T \
qksTT e+#TT+~. n<ksTT ]\jTH |w ,t | j q s + >H | d T H j T | ] o\q\T
ysY ]f\ s + f me <s * L& s T \ #*k +~. y\&dTHsTT. |<mTq b{ e+&uT+&&+e\
|+|D +< <T qT+& |~eT+~ sEy +|\T L& s T \T eT eekjT $<H\ n_e~
<>T\T <sT XX <>T* jT$T+#T+~. #dTe& $ kjT|&sTT. ~ K+>
eekjTs+>+, s T \ n_e~ <V<+ #dT + ~.

eekjT+ eTT+<Tq s sc\T

|D[ d+|T+ C $XwD
sh+ eekj |<| yX+... s T \ nH yT #dT H + n H\ T #TTq e\T nyde + n
*bsTT+~. <X+ nH sc\ b*... nq|Ps> |sT #T q eTq sh+ eekjT+ |P]>
yq&bsTT+~. eTq sc $Tq> s sc\T eekjT s+>+ eT+ e~ k~dTq T |D[
d+|T + C $Xw D y\& s TT+~.
eekjT+ > @& e~ s qT |]o*d 2007-08 | $T> n d+esqT L& =
|< q sc\T & +f yTsT> q |* \qT qssTT. |D[ d+|T + C> n sc eekjT
e~ s qT $Xw + +~. e~s T 2005-06 sh+8.84 X+ +&> $TH&T 11.67 X+ +~.
2006-07 sh+ e\+ 2.73 X+ d]|T> 16 sc\T + +f yTsT> q |> qssTT.
;VsY @+> 29.90 X+ e~ qy<sTT+~. 2007-08 @| 16.86 X+ n>kq+ q|{
eTsTd{ d+es eT D + e\+ 1.20 X+ d]|T=+~. < @&~ ;VsY 14.65 X+ +~.
13 sc\T eTq +f eTT+<THsTT. 2009-10 sh+ eT |T s+> 1.1X+ eyT e~ +~.
eekjT+, de\T, |]XeT\ s+>\ y] <j\ yTTy T sh d\ (Jmdt&| ) . +<T > @&~
<j+f |&T m+ X+ |+| +T+< <H e~ s T> eeV]ksT .

qe] 16`31, 2012

20

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

Ls>jT\ =qT> ]f #H

e+{ e$T& @+ sT>T+<+f. .

dsD +< ]+~. s d+d\ < yqT
eTs={> s* e#sTT. M{ q>s+ $d +>
n& <T .. ybsT\T - <sT\T eT nesq XK\T +&, \ keTs+ q$ =~> me
+<q ns< T .. sT>\+ s T qT |& XeTqT yTT+ =+THsTT.
ns sbsTT, sbsTT neTT, s&T | bsud <s| ~>T\T... <T
<s \ |s+ > n+> +& <Xy CsT
<Tdr & T ...! # @<+f...
+&... < s |
m> T & T ~> T & T \T

<s...> #*+|\T ne  | #+H d+d\ Ls>jT\ =qT> n+# H +& +
dMTsD +<\T s T \
dsyT bH #d |* sT  eT+ <s\T - yk\ e <T!
< s D # s > =HsTT.
|+qT =H k\u +... n{  sT\ *kq dsD
m+ < H
$T+ m e> q
sbsTT my +T+~.
s |{ d+ n{ |f neX+. M... q
}] |\T d+d\ dsD +<\T *dTq ks\T. dMTsD +<\ k b+ jTTe H# ]\T.
@ >eT s T \ qT+ @ |+ @ deTjT+ edT+ ~.
+L @~ q }sT?
n~ yT< eTT\T>T eT+&\+ e+{e$T& m+ edT+ ~ nH $wj \| M] ne>Vq +T+~.
>eT+. n& ]\jTH, V]fC, yT{, dqsY, {d, k+> =qT>\T, j d+d\ +q>s\
| & es d+d\ T Ls>jT\ dsD +<\qT ( H q $ j T +<\T, ><eTT\ d s | s qT
d+sY) @sT #d, s T \ <qT> \TdTH sTT. Ms#dT+{sT. neds\ >Z T deTqjT+ #ksT .
|]ds esZ , ><y | P sY, =+&b, >C , d~ |, = d+d\T sT\ sp #*dT+&>, eT]=
s+>s& XMTsY| eT+&\ |]~ >e\ #+~q ys+ s +&TksT #*+ | #dT H sTT. = d+d\ T
HsT > s T U eT ydT H sT.
q sT\T, dqsT sT\T y]

syTq T\T esT me>

eq|&T <s e++ |&b T+<y qq ~>T\T

jT>s\ T\ qT rdT edTH sT.

k\u + q ysT k+ yVH
s* dT+ f, $T*q ysT { {
rdT eksT .

n& m+<T...?
e+{e$T& >e e\+ 35
$Ts e\ V<su< +
q> s \T HsTT. s y D| s + >
nqTy+ ~. >C jes+Z
5,000 eT+~ s T \T 6,000 ms\
| > $d s + L s > j T \T
|+&dT H sT. eTT\T>T =\T dqsY
qe] 16`31, 2012

21

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

syD KsT, <sT\ u&<, bjYT

=]jT\T, & eT |+&q T s| dTH sT.

> C b+ s T \T H\T > + es

e+{e$T&, d+ <u< y+&, usTTH|* uCsT\
Ls>jT\qT s*+#ysT. syD ejT+, <
MTwH s|D |+ &T =+ y*e#~.
= ks T | + n+ bs u d # \ ,
sT>T|j D |]#jT dT\ e< #<T\T #dq
<+\T HsTT. |&T |]d <T. <
#*+ #~ s T $T>T\T+~.

k>T| d#q\T

e+{e$T& Ls>jT $H +< s +&T

ms {d e~ #k+~. yTq s\qT s T \
ssTTr| n+~+#\H~ <X+. $H\qT sb
<X\ m>TeT #d #q +~. dsD +<\
u<T \T s T \ e> d++<\T Hs| T+{sT.
@ L s > j T \ $ j \T m e> +{j
##jT> dksT . n eq |+qT +>
sE m qT\T?
=qT>\T #ksT . <VsD #| y\+f yTTCq
@& T d s D +<\ sE eTT| s \ d{ sY k>T, m>TeTT\T u> +THsTT. B+
Ls>jT\T 40 qT\ es s T \ qT+ d]dTH sT. |+ k>TqT |< mTq #|& T THsT.
s2 \\ $T+q y<M\T k>TTHsTT. d> Tq
k L\ b~
+<+ qT+ 5 qT\T y H sTT. 40 eT+~
dsD +<\ sT q |+qT >&+>
eT+ | U<sT\ bT n|& |+ rdq
s T \T L& edT+ {sT. $Xw+ @$T+f, & dsD #d+<T | +<+ nsTT<T>TsT |ysT HsT.
+<\ u<T \T... q>s+ s q ds qT de, M] s4,000 s5,000 es H\ yq+
u+>S sT, k b+\ qT+ | + V <su< #*d T H sT. Ms+ k q s T \T, s T L
|+|e#T. $<+ > VsH j|, neT|s+ e&+ $Xw+ . 

10 >eTT\ +>s+ <s\T (1925 ` 2011)

qe] 16`31, 2012

22

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

XHq yT]d eD +
<X+ H | < eTTKeT+ eD dssY

L& eD dssY CsTTr X++#sT . jTq <s

J$ yT#T+& +&sT .

| &T \+ < #sTT! s... esY #]q

eTT&T|\ eT! |&T... n+ |_ ! ~ &]H s&+s |
r
}V+# n$ |]DeTeT+. +... H m+?
dm+> eD dssY m+ CsTTr> | #ks...
d>T Z +& n&> jT&yT !
e> J$+q n> eeV]ksT.
+<T >\<T... n+<T <T ... m+<+<T
$wjT + jTq us b+#* L&
y < # d q n$ s d $X s |
rd b s T . < s s e
d+<s qyT! eed deTd+ +H! +T
VsTy* H dm+ q n~]
qT+ sE < n e s T H ?
yVq+ y[... yT ] < {
+#T>& |{ yH |sT&T
ysT. |s eTTKeT+> |#dq
<=s&? e<T... sX e<T! N{
~e+> q|H #e] |jTw>
+&q + q = y\T>T sD \T
sj sD+q eD dssY sh+
| d ] d T H sTT. n$eq+ T \d
esTd> eT&k] n~s #|{ #]
yTT\T |{ n& & |dT H sTT.
dw+#sT. nTq eyT jTq
y] e deT> CVsT.
=+& + n+& . n+< T
y] CsTTr n s_e+<H\T  nTq V< n k<sD J$+
m+{ s|D\ jTq
es T d > eT&k] z  J+ b $s+... us J+H J$+
<]#se .
sc ks<+ eVdTH  CsTTr \Te<+... sjT H\ <s+ H|<+
k+ \T <T . yVq+ L&
1949, qe] 22q
<T . u eTT\T n+H e. VQX jTH <X+ <D |s s<XsY|P sY z ~>Te eT< s>
|< eTTKeT+! jTH |s dm+ eD dssY. T++ eDdssY +#sT. $<]<XH
m\ |& $ { y\T>T....
jTq <e bZHsT. 1967 V] $|e+
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u+ jTq |sTq q~ e\+ s13.920. s<] ksTT m~>sT. 1972 d|m + sh $T{
sh+ 2008 nd+; m\ deTjT+ eD duT&jsT. s b +< $T{ duT>
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n|{ jTq s +&k] dm+> yeT| |uT =*k] myT njsT. n>s qT+ m b
H+ eVdTHsT! dm+> jTq H\ N|$t |t> u< \T sV+#sT. 1993 sh+ |t
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qe] 16`31, 2012

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qe] 16`31, 2012

28

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qe] 16`31, 2012

29

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d b 2010 d+es+ $&T<\ #dq MT&j ]C\qT |d s |+ |#T ]++~. qe] 5q
$jTy& ]q CrjT |d |<s q |d b |#T sD\ $u>+ qsY +&sT syVqse
$w]+#sT. |eTTK y< T \T, d shHjT\T $TH |{_s eTjT =* | K<T#XsT.
seT+ eTVd sh n< \T mH.dsC<$, b sh H\ T dyX sse, nqTy\T >+B, b
n< \T #qTb{ eJsY, |D n< \T #T+&] sC+<|k<, eTVd s<] y&|*
l<$, |#s s<sT \T b] cse, <+H\ >HVqse, jTTed s<] >+ eesY,
jTTed nsH n< \T D+ $jYTesY, nsH > d qsY Ts<> T + nX esY, nsH
s<] +&e T& eTTs[w, jTTed s<] |+<T] eT<T , Hs e\, seTD, H>eTD, $jT\ ,
|\\ eT] ds e], .$.jTdt. sE, + esY ~sT \T bZHsT.

qe] 16`31, 2012

30

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q sjT+ d+....

|uTyT eT<+ ybs+ #j*

eT<+ c|\qT y\+ yjT +& |uT yT &b\T>
] deTjT+ |s+ eT<+ $j\T kd
u\Tc|\ >=&e +&< d b n< \T
;X{ u; nHsT. b s\jT+ @sT #dq
$sT\ deyX+ jTq e{&T |\T>
>+&jYT uT, KCH +|+& nH H<+
sh |uT + eT<+ neT\T $#\$& #jT &+
sh+ eT<+< |<X > e]bsTT+< nHsT. sh
|uT + 16y\ sbjT\T eT<+ neT\ <s
<jT+ b+<\ sTe&+
n+ VjTyTq #s > jTq
n_e]+#sT.

d+~+#\HsT. e, <> u<\T

#| & + # d+ws y T q $wjT eTHsT.
myT ># lydT\T HjTT&T, k\sT
q+ # n~s+
myT sq<=s e{&T $<sT\T
$<] <X qT+# de+ d+ +#\HsT
sy*
eTTb*{ e# m |\ # n~s+ e# d+<s + > bq, ;X{ u;, mH.sE, |.$. q]+V
$<+ > eeV]+#\ d |~ y\T>] dTs wt sE, m.mdt.|Xse, q+< +se, |< H<+
nHsT. s eTT| m\T <w +#T ~sT \T bZHsT.
| D + 14.24 ys T D s e \T +<\T| eT+{ deTd
sV+#sT. d+<s+> jTq e{&T $jTq>s+ : bsr|s+ eT+&\+ +<\T| >eT+
KsT#d | sbsTT \T d]+q|& m\T dsq eT+{ ks+ |\T re ned\T
dCe> k>TjTHsT. 14 ysT b |&TTH n~sT\T |{+#Te&+ < s|dT
HjT\T m+.mdtmH.sE, 24 ysT jTTed d b < s+ >e #+~q |\T
n<&T |.y+seTD <s+ deyX\T s { e< sdq |<s q #XsT. d+<s + >
]>sTT. seT+ |<T \T >] \, &.MsE, d b n< &T ;X{ u; e{&T
dV#Y e<y ~sT \T bZHsT.
+<\T| >eT+ dTesT 5 y\ eT+~ Hu
de VyT < jT+> d e\T
q|{ mH @> & |\ >T{ ks +
de dy < jT+> | sT |#dq |&T ] *+#be&+ $#sseTHsT. |\ d
ndeq\T deTdbjT \jTHu +swq nedsy T q { n+~+# n~sT\| $#sD #|{
n<\T _.sT|sE nHsT. |D+ #s\T rdTy\ &e+& # XsT. yTs
V n+srjT |<T \ deyX+ ]+~. $q| >eTd T \ * d y [ s Y
deyX Vsq sT| sE e{&T MsVjT\ n+~+#sT. eTV\T, >eT|<\T
de+ +& deTd\ | | sT eqe+ n~ d+K bZHsT.
qe] 16`31, 2012
31
d fyT

$jTq>s+
b se\T

q sjT+ d+....

<H eT<T <s *+#*

sjT<TsZ+ j esZ+ ueTqV eT+&\+ sT #q j
sT |+&+q <H |uTyT eT<T <s *+#*, < |uTyT <H =H*, < $T\s#
=|+#* n+ d b \T n< &T _.uT ueTqV eT+&\+ |\T >e sV+q
s T # q j |uT &e+&
#XsT. _.uT <s+ sT
d+|T+ HjT\T, d b
ss\ T ueTqV eT+&\+
l<sY>, <e], >T+\T dt
~s >e |s{+ sT
# q j\qT sV+#sT. <X
+&=s +& sT\T w|&
| + \T | + & d T + f y{
neTTe&, \ #dT e&
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V\T #dT =+Tq |uT + yTT<T < e+< jTq m<y #XsT. |uT +, b\\ $<H\
|yT s T \ b* Xb\jjT nHsT. seT+ s T d+|T + HjT\T XsYs &, H>sEs&,
y+dTjT d b HjT\T mdt. .nT, ]jC, wt, sE bZHsT.

nq+|s+
b se\T

s& $dsD d+ q+<\ sVsB\T

q+<\ : q+<\ |D + us T eT M~, H>T\+ s&, yTsTTHCsY (+>sT n+> M~) ksTTuu q>sY
eT]jTT $$< sV <sT\T $ds D #jT & =\\T yksT, |qT\T bs+_+#< T . sD\T sjT HjT\
*j*. eTD\ >Ts q+<\ s&T ++#TbTHsTT. Hu + + - |+~+\T |]+~.
|+&+> ydq s& $ds D #|{ |\ c\T rs\ sT d b q+<\ qe]4,5,6 ~\
eT&T sE\ bT ] sVs
B\ T #XsT. seT+ mH.VMT&,
j T dt . | . <dt , | . | u s Y ,
|.mH.w esY, .y+>s & >sT B
L s T Hs T . .$.s e TD,
sY. .# q , &.lydt, {.myT.&.|s ,
jTdt.uw, B_s
d b sh s<] .z+sY>sT
bs+_+#sT.

s\T
b se\T

d +&s $wsD
| =+& {H : yTsT> q de+ d+ d b w #dT + < b jesZ n< &T q+<#]
nHsT. k b s\jT+ eTdT b djTsY HjT&T ms>T & HsjTDk$T #T \ MT<T>
b duT \T qq d+es \+&sq T $&T<\ #sTT+#sT. d+<s + > q+<#] e{&T zT,
d d++<+ +& d |C deTd\ |]cs+, sC+> | \T n+<] n+<, deTde
k|q s+s+ |#dT + <HsT. seT+ e<e s &, |k<, eTVeT< #+<u c, o+, m]k$T,
\ q, Cs,Y o+e* bZHsT.

qe] 16`31, 2012

32

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

* ks eTT\ T+u\ qw |]Vs+ y*

eTT\ T+u\qT |seT]+q c eTVd HjT\T
$jTy& : k s d+|T q yT\ es+ eT+&\+, bsq>sY yTs +&, H>\sT +&\ k s
eT&T +&\ #+~q 19eT+~ bD\T >, 18 eT+~ b+<TTHsT. u~ T+u\qT
eTVd c < s+ eTVd n< s\T e+>s H>eTD, n~s |~ seTD, >d
n< s\T Cq+u eT]jTT wy D
y [ | s eT]+#s T . n & y]
|s <T\T, u~ T+u\ u<\ T
$es+>\TdTe&+
]+~.m CXK u< jTT+>
| # d e+f +{ | T q\T
s>{ neX+ e+&<T . y]
T+u duT\ qw|]Vs+
|\\ #<T e\T, <>\T @sT
#jT e\dq neds+ e+~.

c
b se\T

b HjT\T | \ eTyT+ y*.

$jTy& 51e &$H eTT| D
d ss\ T |\ eTyTyT y] sEy deTd\ | d+~+#\ d sh HjT\T
mH. H>+<uT nHsT. $jTy& 51e &$H &X+ sT 27q ]q eTT| ysT D jTq
eTTK n~> Vsj sT. |\ deTd\ | X ~ |#dq |&T d b zT ekjT D
]ksT|s H k+_s& nHsT.
seT+ $jTy& nsH n< \T #T+&] sC+<|k<, eTVd s<] y&|*
l<$ ~sT \T bZHsT.

d $< |H~ ydq k$rusTT |P

d b |T q y[
eTVd, ds q d HjT\T b |< q s\jT+ qe] 3,
2012q k$rusTT |P |{ |P\e\ yd y\T n]+#sT.
d+<s + > ds qd sh b< \T |.$.se e{&T d
$< |H~ ydq eTVjTTs\T k$rusTT |P n nHsT.
eTVd sh n< s\T mH.dsC<$ e{&T d ud> #d
H{ de+ us eTV Cu|P Xj \ nqT>TD+>
k$rusTT |P e+{ eTVjTT\ w, > sT \qT <s +>
rdTy*. |uT + L& k$rusTT |P bs |{e TqT m\ y\
>TsT+ #T.. <Xy |+ > |D ksTTH , >eTksTT L&
<[T\, yqT&q s> T \y], eTV\ yTsT> q $<qT +>
n+~+#$<+> d, n edT\ Vd @sT#d y]
q bT|& H n~ ds n_q+<jT+ neT+~. n nHsT. seT+ sM+<, +HjT T\T,
y+fw t ~sT \T bZHsT.

qe] 16`31, 2012

33

d fyT

q sjT+ d+....

b~ D +<\ dT\ sD\T

sT| : sJy jTTesD \| jTTed $eTs
jTTed sV+q jTY nd+; se
eTTKn~> $#dq nd+; eJdsY XsYs & >sT
e{&T qT 1980-83 es nd+; ds>Y
| # d q | { s j | { s j
b+q< y<q e+ #XsT. |{ sjT +
H $\Te\T ~>CsjT &T, eT<+ <s
sj\T q&|dTHs jTq
nHsT. nq+s+ jTTed sh
n< \T |. yJ sE e{&T
sJy jTTesD\ |<+.. D
+<\ dT\ sD \T> e]+<
$eT]+#sT. |< + +< &d+sY 31 H{ \
<>*# XeT | u T + m+ s +>
|{ + +<HsT. ydy 25 y\ eT+~ b~
*+#s jTq n_bjT|&sT. y \
<>* +f <>T\ $es\T jT|{\
jTq &e+& #XsT. |< + +< sh+ 28
D +<\ |uT+ +{ n|+<,
n+<T *+qT> \| #| &T ed\T
#dT H jT $eT]+#sT. ne\| eTT dm+
|s <T #XeT jTq #bsT. seT+ $<]
d -]H sY es+s & ly+Ys &, d q>s
n< &T \+fX s, Xe\T X{, jTTed HjT\T
$jYT, e, nX, , eTTH, ksTTsD Y $<sT\ T
bZHsT.

+ #j\ |\T|#sT. sj\ jTTe

<s+> q sD+>H <X+ n$, nX+ sE
sE |] bT+< nHsT. jTTe sj
s+& esT s<HsT. jTTe * sTT*
e\+ zT u+ sj\ y&T= y]
J$\ HXq+ #dT H sHsT. seT+ jTTe
d eek| &T udsY, jTTed HjT\T
nJY, # q , sE eT]jTT es d+|T +
n< \T bZHsT.

jTTed
se\T

&^ X\ @sT #j *

yT& : |< $<sT\T q $<qT

nu d+#+<T myT d+~+ yT&
&^ X\qT @sT #j \ $<] d HjT\T
&e+& #XsT. |D + n+u< sY $>V + e<
sE B sV+#sT. d+<s+> |\TesT
e{&T jes+Z X\ b e&+ m+
eT+~ |< $<sT\ #<T e\T eT< H *bTHjT
y<q e+ #XsT. seT+ jesZ
jTTed, $<]d HjT\T $H<s &, ksTT|B,
ksTTesY, H>sE, nJYd+ > ~sT \T bZHZ sT.

| C deTd\| <eT+ +>\T d+|

|C deTd mC+&> bs{\ d<+ y\

d b sh |< q s<] {] lydse
|\T|#sT.jTTed $<] d sjT D
s> T \T k b s\jT+ sV+#sT.
b s\jT+ s$T+#sT. b s\jT+
sV+#sT. b du+ |+#{ HjT\T,
jTTeq ~He d+<s + > jTTed shn< \T |\T| ss\ T w #j \HsT. |D[ <+ > eTT+<T
neT|s+ : k lyd D eT+&|+ k>\HsT. seT+ jTTed sh n< \T
jTTed d+d jTTeq ~He+ d+<s + > @sT |.yJsC, sh HjT\T nY, # q HjT +,
#dq s< q _s jTTerjTTe\T |< d+K de#s V #+ | ne>Vq *+#sT. b
Vsj sT. eTTK n~> $#dq jTTed sh |< q s<] d.V#Y.s e], b< &T
n< \T yJsE e{&T $yq+<T& Xj \ eTV< s| nV<, eTVd n< s\T eTTk,
jTTe yT\T-<X @\T nq jTq \\qT |D n< &T $.n+HjT T\ bZHsT.
qe] 16`31, 2012
d fyT
34

jTTe sj sy*