1 '------------------------------------------2

3 'DISTORTED RECTANGULAR QUADMESH GENERATOR

4 'DYNAMIC RELAXATION CODE - ARBITRARY MESHES
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6 '------------------------------------------7
8 Option Explicit
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10 Call main()
11 Sub main()
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'add dummy layer
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Rhino .AddLayer "Dummy" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
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'----------------------------17
'1. DEFINE VARIABLES
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'----------------------------19
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Dim g,ax,ay,n,m,nnp,i,j,nel,ir,jr,r,c
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'gravitational acceleration
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g=300
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'damping'
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c=50
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'scale factor x-axis
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ax=20
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'scale factor y-axis
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ay=20
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'divisions
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n=9
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m=8
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'Number of Nodal Points
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nnp=(n+1)*(m+1)
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'Number of ELements
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nel=2*m*n+n+m
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'coordinate, velocity, acceleration, force, nodal restraints (0 if restrained), mass
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Dim x(10000 ,3),v(10000 ,3),a(10000 ,3),F(10000 ,3),nrs(10000 ,3),mass(10000 )
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'connectivity, initial length, stiffness
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Dim ien(10000 ,2),l0(10000 ),EA(10000 )

'indexes of neighbouring frames for each node
Dim anchor (10000 ,4)
'----------------------------'2. BUILD INITIAL MESH
'----------------------------'2.1 Generate initial coordinates, masses and restraints
For i=0 To n
For j=0 To m
'relative i, goes from -1 to 1
ir=1-2*i/n
'relative j, goes from -1 to 1
jr=1-2*j/m
x((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=-ax*(1-0*ir^2)*(jr)/2
x((m+1)*i+j+1,2)=-ay*(1+0*jr^2)*ir/2
'x((m+1)*i+j+1,2)=-ay*(1+cos(6*jr)/15)*ir/2
'x((m+1)*i+j+1,3)=6.71*(1+0.1982*jr^2)*(-1+ir^2)
x((m+1)*i+j+1,3)=0
mass ((m+1)*i+j+1)=0.4'*(1-0.3*cos(3*pi*jr))
If (i=0 And j=m) Or (i=n And j=0) Then
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=0
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=0
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=0
Else
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=1
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=1
nrs((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=1
End If
Next
Next
'2.2 Build connectivity, initial length and stiffness arrays
'uniform stiffness
Dim stiff
stiff =2500
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For i=0 To n-1

For j=0 To m-1
ien(2*(m*i+j)+1,1)=(m+1)*i+j+1
ien(2*(m*i+j)+1,2)=(m+1)*i+j+2
l0(2*(m*i+j)+1)=distance ((m+1)*i+j+1,(m+1)*i+j+2,x)
EA(2*(m*i+j)+1)=stiff
ien(2*(m*i+j)+2,1)=(m+1)*i+j+1
ien(2*(m*i+j)+2,2)=(m+1)*(i+1)+j+1
l0(2*(m*i+j)+2)=distance ((m+1)*i+j+1,(m+1)*(i+1)+j+1,x)
EA(2*(m*i+j)+2)=stiff
Next
Next
For i=0 To n-1
ien(2*m*n+i+1,1)=(m+1)*(i+1)
ien(2*m*n+i+1,2)=(m+1)*(i+2)
l0(2*m*n+i+1)=distance ((m+1)*(i+1),(m+1)*(i+2),x)
EA(2*m*n+i+1)=stiff
Next
For j=0 To m-1
ien(2*m*n+n+j+1,1)=n*(m+1)+j+1
ien(2*m*n+n+j+1,2)=n*(m+1)+j+2
l0(2*m*n+n+j+1)=distance (n*(m+1)+j+1,n*(m+1)+j+2,x)
EA(2*m*n+n+j+1)=stiff
Next
'2.3 Build anchor array containing indexes of frame elements anchored in a node
'(used to accelerate dynamic relaxation algorithm)
For i=1 to n-1
For j=1 To m-1
anchor ((m+1)*i+j+1,1)=2*(i*m+j)+1
anchor ((m+1)*i+j+1,2)=2*(i*m+j)+2
anchor ((m+1)*i+j+1,3)=2*((i-1)*m+j)+2
anchor ((m+1)*i+j+1,4)=2*(i*m+(j-1))+1
Next
Next
For j=1 To m-1
anchor (j+1,1)=2*j+1
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anchor (j+1,2)=2*j+2
anchor (j+1,3)=2*(j-1)+1
anchor ((m+1)*n+j+1,1)=2*m*n+n+j
anchor ((m+1)*n+j+1,2)=2*m*n+n+j+1
anchor ((m+1)*n+j+1,3)=2*((n-1)*m+j)+2
Next
For i=1 To n-1
anchor (i*(m+1)+1,1)=2*(i*m)+1
anchor (i*(m+1)+1,2)=2*(i*m)+2
anchor (i*(m+1)+1,3)=2*((i-1)*m)+2
anchor (i*(m+1)+m+1,1)=2*(i*m+m-1)+1
anchor (i*(m+1)+m+1,2)=2*m*n+i
anchor (i*(m+1)+m+1,3)=2*m*n+i+1
Next
anchor (1,1)=1
anchor (1,2)=2
anchor (m+1,1)=2*(m-1)+1
anchor (m+1,2)=2*m*n+1
anchor ((m+1)*n+1,1)=2*((n-1)*m)+2
anchor ((m+1)*n+1,2)=2*m*n+n+1
anchor ((m+1)*(n+1),1)=2*m*n+n+m
anchor ((m+1)*(n+1),2)=2*m*n+n
'----------------------------'2. RUN DYNAMIC RELAXATION
'----------------------------'deletes layers with the results from the last run
redo_layers
'deletes and redefines layers containing initial mesh
Rhino .PurgeLayer "Joints0"
Rhino .PurgeLayer "Frames0"
Rhino .AddLayer "Joints0" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
Rhino .AddLayer "Frames0" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
'zero acceleration array
For i=1 To nnp
a(i,1)=0
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a(i,2)=0
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a(i,3)=0
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Next
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'sketch initial mesh in initial mesh layers
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sketch0 nel,nnp,x,ien,nrs,l0,a,F
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'run dynamic relaxation
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relax g,c,nel,nnp,nrs,mass,x,v,F,a,ien,anchor ,l0,EA
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167 End Sub
168
169 '----------------------------170 'FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
171 '----------------------------172
173 'F0 Finite timestep dynamic relaxation
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175 Sub relax (g,c,nel,nnp,nrs,mass,x,v,F,a,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)
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'define current and previous kinetic energies
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Dim Eccur ,Ecprev
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Eccur =0
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Ecprev =0
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Dim j
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For j=1 To 500
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'redo_layers
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update_dynamics F,a,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA
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update_kinematics 0.01,nnp,nrs,x,v,a
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'update kinetic energies
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Ecprev =Eccur
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Eccur =Ec(nnp,v,mass)
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'set velocities to 0 if kinetic energy decreases
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If Eccur <Ecprev Then
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vzero nnp,v
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End If
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'sketch nel,nnp,x,ien,nrs,l0,a,F
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Next
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sketch nel,nnp,x,ien,nrs,l0,a,F
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draw nel,nnp,x,mass,ien
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196 End Sub

197
198 'F1 Returns total kinetic energy
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200 Function Ec(nnp,v,mass)
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Dim e,i
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e=0
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For i=1 To nnp
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e=e+mass(i)*(v(i,1)^2+v(i,2)^2+v(i,3)^2)/2
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Next
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Ec=e
207 End Function
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209 'F2 Collects force and acceleration array for all members
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211 Sub update_dynamics (F,a,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)
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Dim i
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For i=1 To nnp
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F(i,1)=nodal_force (i,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)(1)
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F(i,2)=nodal_force (i,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)(2)
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F(i,3)=nodal_force (i,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)(3)
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a(i,1)=F(i,1)/mass(i)
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a(i,2)=F(i,2)/mass(i)
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a(i,3)=F(i,3)/mass(i)
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Next
221 End Sub
222
223 'F3 Returns total force for particular node
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225 Function nodal_force (node,g,c,nel,nnp,x,v,mass,ien,anchor ,l0,EA)
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Dim node1 ,force (3),i,e
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force (1)=0
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force (2)=0
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force (3)=0
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For i=1 To 4
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If anchor (node,i)<>0 Then
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e=anchor (node,i)
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If ien(e,1)=node Then
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node1 =ien(e,2)
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248 End
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250 'F4
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252 Sub
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262 End
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264 'F5
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266 Sub
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273 End

Else
node1 =ien(e,1)
End If
force (1)=force (1)+EA(e)*(length (e,ien,x)-l0(e))*(x(node1 ,1)-x(node,1))/length (e,ien,x)^2
force (2)=force (2)+EA(e)*(length (e,ien,x)-l0(e))*(x(node1 ,2)-x(node,2))/length (e,ien,x)^2
force (3)=force (3)+EA(e)*(length (e,ien,x)-l0(e))*(x(node1 ,3)-x(node,3))/length (e,ien,x)^2
End If
Next
force (3)=force (3)-mass(node)*g
force (1)=force (1)-c*v(node,1)
force (2)=force (2)-c*v(node,2)
force (3)=force (3)-c*v(node,3)
nodal_force =force
Function
Update kinematics
update_kinematics (t,nnp,nrs,x,v,a)
Dim i
For i=1 To nnp
v(i,1)=v(i,1)+a(i,1)*t*nrs(i,1)
x(i,1)=x(i,1)+v(i,1)*t*nrs(i,1)
v(i,2)=v(i,2)+a(i,2)*t*nrs(i,1)
x(i,2)=x(i,2)+v(i,2)*t*nrs(i,1)
v(i,3)=v(i,3)+a(i,3)*t*nrs(i,1)
x(i,3)=x(i,3)+v(i,3)*t*nrs(i,1)
Next
Sub
Set velocities to zero
vzero (nnp,v)
Dim i
For i=1 To nnp
v(i,1)=0
v(i,2)=0
v(i,3)=0
Next
Sub
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275 'F6 Return distance between two nodes
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277 Function distance (node1 ,node2 ,x)
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distance =((x(node2 ,1)-x(node1 ,1))^2+(x(node2 ,2)-x(node1 ,2))^2+(x(node2 ,3)-x(node1 ,3))^2)^0.5
279 End Function
280
281 'F7 Return current length of frame
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283 Function length (e,ien,x)
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length =distance (ien(e,1),ien(e,2),x)
285 End Function
286
287 'F8 Schematic draw - final form layers
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289 Sub sketch (nel,nnp,x,ien,nrs,l0,a,F)
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Dim i,point1 (2),point2 (2),point3 (2)
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Joints"
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For i=1 To nnp
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point1 (0)=x(i,1)
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point1 (1)=x(i,2)
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point1 (2)=-x(i,3)
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Rhino .addpoint point1
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'Rhino.AddText a(i,1),point1,0.6
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Frames"
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For i=1 To nel
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point1 (0)=x(ien(i,1),1)
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point1 (1)=x(ien(i,1),2)
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point1 (2)=-x(ien(i,1),3)
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point2 (0)=x(ien(i,2),1)
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point2 (1)=x(ien(i,2),2)
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point2 (2)=-x(ien(i,2),3)
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point3 (0)=(point1 (0)+point2 (0))/2
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point3 (1)=(point1 (1)+point2 (1))/2
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point3 (2)=(point1 (2)+point2 (2))/2
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Rhino .AddLine point1 ,point2
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'Rhino.AddText l0(i,3),point3,0.6
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Dummy"
314 End Sub
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316 'F9 Schematic draw - initial form layers
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318 Sub sketch0 (nel,nnp,x,ien,nrs,l0,a,F)
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Dim i,point1 (2),point2 (2),point3 (2)
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Joints0"
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For i=1 To nnp
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point1 (0)=x(i,1)
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point1 (1)=x(i,2)
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point1 (2)=-x(i,3)
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Rhino .addpoint point1
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'Rhino.AddText a(i,1),point1,0.6
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Frames0"
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For i=1 To nel
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point1 (0)=x(ien(i,1),1)
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point1 (1)=x(ien(i,1),2)
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point1 (2)=-x(ien(i,1),3)
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point2 (0)=x(ien(i,2),1)
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point2 (1)=x(ien(i,2),2)
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point2 (2)=-x(ien(i,2),3)
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point3 (0)=(point1 (0)+point2 (0))/2
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point3 (1)=(point1 (1)+point2 (1))/2
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point3 (2)=(point1 (2)+point2 (2))/2
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Rhino .AddLine point1 ,point2
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'Rhino.AddText l0(i,3),point3,0.6
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Dummy"
343 End Sub
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345 'F10 Detailed draw
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347 Sub draw(nel,nnp,x,mass,ien)
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Dim i,j,r
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Masses"
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Dim point1 (2),point2 (2)
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For i=1 To nnp
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point1 (0)=x(i,1)
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point1 (1)=x(i,2)
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point1 (2)=-x(i,3)
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r=0.1*mass(i)
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Rhino .addsphere point1 ,r
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Elements"
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For i=1 To nel
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point1 (0)=x(ien(i,1),1)
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point1 (1)=x(ien(i,1),2)
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point1 (2)=-x(ien(i,1),3)
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point2 (0)=x(ien(i,2),1)
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point2 (1)=x(ien(i,2),2)
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point2 (2)=-x(ien(i,2),3)
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'Rhino.AddLine a,b
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Rhino .AddCylinder point1 ,point2 ,0.05
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Next
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Rhino .CurrentLayer "Dummy"
370 End Sub
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372 'F11 Delete and redo layers
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374 Sub redo_layers
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Rhino .PurgeLayer "Masses"
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Rhino .PurgeLayer "Elements"
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Rhino .AddLayer "Masses" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
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Rhino .AddLayer "Elements" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
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Rhino .PurgeLayer "Joints"
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Rhino .PurgeLayer "Frames"
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Rhino .AddLayer "Joints" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
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Rhino .AddLayer "Frames" , RGB(0, 0, 0)
383 End Sub

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