Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:

Edison's U.S. Patents, 1868-1879. The Thomas Edison Papers. Rutgers University, N.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://edison.rutgers.edu/patente1.htm>. This website contains primary journals, patents, and work logs from Edison and his factory. It was useful in understanding the personal account and perspective of Edison as he helped revolutionize electricity.

Lit Up Shop Signs in Durham, North Carolina. N.d. Open Durham. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. <http://www.endangereddurham.org/Photos/100wmain_night_1910s.jpg>. This photograph depicted a White Way in Durham, North Carolina. Although the source of this image was primarily based on images from the past to the present, it had many images showing the economical aspects and contributions of the light bulb.

Modern Day New York City. 2008. Genius Beauty. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://geniusbeauty.com/beautiful-places/beautiful-places-new-york-part-2/>. This image shows a recent view of the bright New York skyline. This image was used to show how Edisons invention of the incandescent light bulb is still used to this day.

New York City Lights, 1935. Jazz Hostels. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jazzhostels.com/blog/1018-historic-photos-nyc/>. This photograph portrays the beauty of New York when it was lit up at night along with many other photos regarding the integration of electricity into Americas society. This was used in order to show the use of electricity in cities to power light.

Nikola Tesla in his Laboratory. N.d. Tesla Box. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://teslabox.com/nikola-tesla/>. This photograph portrays Nikola Tesla in his laboratory with many of his inventions functioning at full gear. This image was a great visual aid for understanding the magnitude of Teslas intricate inventions.

Nikola Tesla. N.d. Davinci Vault . Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://davincivault.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/5-Squares-Nikola-Tesla.jpg>. This website contained many useful images pertaining to the intelligent innovators of the late 19th century. This image used portrays Nikola Tesla and shows his diligence.

Tesla, Nikola. Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency. New York: The W.J.Johnston Company Ltd, 1892. Print. This primary document includes Nikola Teslas ideas and thoughts regarding the alternating current and how it could be implemented into citizens lives. This journal was used to express Teslas strong belief and support in the alternating current.

"Tesla Quotes." Nikola Tesla Universe. Tesla Universe, 2012. Web. 26 Jan. 2012. <http://www.teslauniverse.com/nikola-tesla-quotes>. This website included several famous quotes of Nikola Tesla. Some of the quotes were used in order to support Teslas ideas and his ingenious creative way of inventing.

The First Incandescent Lamp. N.d. ECONYX Innovative Center. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. <http://www.econyx.com/electric_lighting/>. This photograph is of the first incandescent lamp created by Thomas Edison. This provided a visual aid for the understanding of the turn of the century inventions that completely changed America.

The Kansas City Four. Sweet Man Joe. Josie Miles Vol. 1, 1924. Edison Diamond Disk. This song is one of the first original five songs recorded by Edison on the Phonograph. It was used to enhance the fact that electricity changed entertainment and added character through music and plays.

The Westinghouse Dynamo. N.d. University of Virginia Library. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://etext.virginia.edu/railton/yankee/cymach2.html>. This website had a grand collection of images that related to the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Many of the images were useful in captivating the magnificence of the lighting used in the fair.

Trolley Tracks. N.d. Heres Williamsburg. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://www.hereswilliamsburg.com/home/tag/graham-ave>. This a picture of Metropolitan and Graham Avenues in Williamsburg. It portrays how cluttered the streets were with power lines, electrical lines, and phone lines running overhead.

Telephone Communication Wires in Harvard Square. 1890. The FDR Suite Restoration Project Web. 2 Feb 2012.<http://fdrsuite.org/blog/?p=2263>. This image is of telephone wires above Boston streets. It helps in visualizing the new communication lines that were set up through out cities.

Secondary Sources:

Aldrich, Lisa. Nikola Tesla and the Taming of Electricity. Greensboro: Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2005. Print. This interesting book dealt with Nikola Tesla and his accomplishments in life. This source was used to provide a basic knowledge of the great inventors life and success in creating inventions running on electricity.

Benjamin, Park. The Age of Electricity. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1888. Print. This source included a vast amount of information regarding different inventors and their inventions. It was used to convey the revolutionary inventions in the late 1800s.

Carr, Nicholas. The Big Switch . New York,NY: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 2008. Print. This very informative book focuses on the general technological revolution in the past few centuries and how it has changed society. This book was used to show not only Edisons contributions to electricity and its overall effect on life, but also to express his advancements influence among businesses in cities of the United States.

Dyer, Frank. Edison: His Life and Invention. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1929. Print. This book source primarily contained historical and biographical information regarding the life of Thomas Edison and his influence in the electrical revolution.

"Edison's Miracle of Light." PBS, 2000. Web. 9 Feb 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/>. This very informative historically reliable website contained a grand amount of history pertaining to Edison, and his contributions to the modern world. This website also had many useful images that helped show the importance of Edisons inventions on our modern day society.

Fowler, Michael. "Historical Beginnings of Theories of Electricity and Magnetism." http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/E&M_Hist.html. Web.2 Feb 2012. This resourceful website provided a substantial amount of historical content regarding electricity and its history all the way back to ancient times. This website

was used to help support and establish a historical background surrounding electricity.

Glenn, Jim. "The Complete Patents of Nikola Tesla." . Barnes & Noble Inc., 2004. Web. 3 Feb 2012. <http://www.hbci.com/~wenonah/new/tesla.htm>. This website contained a vast amount of background information about Nikola Tesla and the various inventions he created. This source was used to help expand upon the explanation of alternating current.

Jonnes, Jill. Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World. New York: Random House, 2003. Print. This book focused on the innovators of electricity and their efforts to succeed in providing electricity to the United States. This source was used to help provide a historical context of the inventors along with the various effects of light and electricity on the lives of people in cities.

Keep the Memory of Nikola Tesla Alive." Tesla Memorial Society of New York. Web. 6 Feb 2012. <http://www.teslasociety.com/>. This is a website focused on Nikola Teslas advancements and their lasting existence in our modern world. This sourced provided a lot of information that was used to prove that the contributions made decades ago still exist today.

"Nikola Tesla: Chicago World's Fair." N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb 2012. <http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/chicago.htm>. This website contains information about Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouses influence in the Chicago Worlds Fair. The provided content was used to express the two scientists effect on the Worlds Fair and how they contributed to it.

Nye, David E. Electrifying America. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990. Print. This book contains excellent information and descriptions regarding the social effects of advancements in technology and electricity. These social effects were used to express how the lives of people in cities changed socially and structurally due to the electrical advancements of Edison, Tesla, and Westinghouse.

"PBS: Tesla-Master of Lightning." PBS. PBS Company, n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_warcur.html>. This website contained information about the two currents of electricity, alternating and direct, as well as the inventors who had faith in them. This web document was used to explain the conflict between Tesla and Edison, along with their preference of which one should be used to supply electricity to cities.

Rose, Julie K. "Tour of the Fair." . N.p., 1996. Web. 27 Jan 2012. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/tour2.html>. This website primarily discussed The Columbian Exposition with detailed descriptions of the fairgrounds itself. This helped establish background information regarding the fair along with the reaction among those attending the fair.

Simon, Linda. Dark Light: Electricity and Anxiety from the Telegraph to the X-Ray . New York: Hartcourt, Inc., 2004. Print. This informative book is about the integration of electricity in cities and the effects of light in them. This book was used to describe the various usages of light and how cities changed due to the invention of the practical light bulb and implementation of light in daily life.

"Tesla: Master of Lighting ." PBS, 2004 . Web. 1 Feb 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/tesla/>. This web document helped expand the understanding of Nikola Tesla and his contribution to the alternating current. It helped express Teslas role in the revolution of electricity through text and through media references.

The World at the Fair: Experiences of the 1893 Columbian Exposition. June 2009. Joint Project of UCLA History and Information Studies Graduate Students. 4 Feb. 2012. <http://uclawce.ats.ucla.edu> This website had a variety of information regarding the Columbian Exposition. Using information, images, and other material from its archives, the immensity of the fair itself was able to be conveyed. .

"The World." Chicago Historical Society, 1999. Web. 20 Jan 2012. <http://www.chicagohs.org/history/expo.html>. This website included relevant information pertaining to the Chicago Worlds Fair and its effects on society. Useful information from this web page was extremely helpful in conveying the importance of the fair to common city dwellers.

Thomas Alva Edison. Kids and Energy . ESD Bulgaria, 2005. Web. 2 Feb 2012. <http://www.kids.esdb.bg/edison.html>. This web page contained a vast amount of information regarding Thomas Edisons personal life. Despite the fact that the website is intended for young children, it was a great aid that provided relevant details to explain Edisons background information and history.

"Thomas A Edison." American Business. N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Feb 2012. <http://american-business.org/2951-thomas-a-edison-18471931-inventor.html>. This online article about Thomas Edison truly summarized his most significant inventions including the light bulb. This source was used to describe Edison and his genius inventions that changed cities for ever.

"Thomas Edison." Who Made America?. PBS, n.d. Web. 9 Feb 2012. < http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/edison_lo.html>. This website was primarily based on the general history and factual information regarding Thomas Edison. Most importantly, using the source, the idea of revolution, reaction, and reform were expressed through a direct quote from this web page.