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~~- ~- ~~~- - - - ~~- - ~~~~- ~~~~~- ~- ~~- ~~~~~~~- ~~~

~- ~~- - ~~- - - ~~- ~~~- ~- ~- - ~- ~~~- - -
~~~- - ~~~- ~~- - ~~- ~~
~~~- ~~~~- ~- ~~-

~~~ ~- ~

~- -

~- ~
~- ~~~~- ~- ~- ~-
~~ ~- - - ~- ~~~
~~-- - ~~~~- ~

-
- ~~ ~- ~- ~~- -
~- - ~~- - - ~- ~ ~-
~- ~~

~- - ~- ~~ ~
~
- - - ~~ ~~-

~- ~- ~~ ~~- -
~- - - - - - ~~- -

-- ~ ~- - ~~- - - - - - - - ~- ~- -
-
~
~-

~
-- ~

~ ~~~~~- ~~~~
~~~~-

~- - - ~- ~~~- - ~~~- ~
- ~

- -
- ~~~ ~- - - - ~- ~- ~- ~~- ~~- ~- ~~~- ~~- ~~~- ~~~
- - ~~~~-
~~~- ~~- ~- ~~- - ~~~- - ~~~~- ~~- - ~~~- ~
~- ~- ~- ~- ~~~~~- - ~~~~- - ~- ~ ~- - - ~-
~
~~~- ~~- ~- ~~- ~- ~~
~ - - - - - - ~~- ~~~~- ~~- - ~~~~~~- ~- ~~- - ~- - - ~- ~~~~~- - - ~~~- ~~-
~ ~~- - ~~~- - ~- ~- ~- ~~- ~~~~- ~~
~ ~- ~- ~
~- ~- ~~- ~- ~~~- ~
~~- ~~- - - - ~~- ~ ~~~~~~~- ~~ ~- -
~~- - ~~~~~~- ~ ~- - - ~
- ~~~- ~- ~~~~~- ~~- - ~~~~~- ~~- ~- ~- - ~~~~- - ~
~~- ~
~~~ ~- ~- ~~~~- ~~- ~~ ~- - ~- - - ~~~~- - - ~~~~- - ~- ~~~- ~- - ~
~ - ~~- ~~- - ~~- ~- - - ~~- ~- - ~~- - ~~- - - ~
~~~- ~~- - ~- ~~~~- ~~~

- - ~~~~~~- ~~- - ~~~~- ~ ~~~- - ~~~~- ~~- ~~~~- - ~~~~~- - ~ ~~- ~-

~
~~- ~~~~- ~- ~~~- ~~~~~~~~~~~- - ~- ~- - - ~~~~- ~- - - ~~- - - ~~

- ~- ~~~~- ~~~~
~~- ~~~- - ~- ~~- ~~- ~~~~- - ~- - - - - ~- ~- - - ~
~ - - ~- ~- ~~~~~~~- - ~~- ~~- ~~~
~~~- ~~- ~- ~~- - - ~~
~
- ~- - ~~- - ~~~~~- - ~- ~- ~~~~- - ~~- - ~~- ~- ~~- ~~- ~~~~~- - ~ ~
~
- ~- - ~- - ~- - - ~- ~~- - - ~~- - ~- ~~- ~~~~- ~- - - ~~- ~~~~
~ - ~- ~~~~~~- ~~~~
~-
- ~- ~- ~~~- - ~- ~~~~- - ~- ~~~~~- - ~- ~- ~

~~- - ~~~ - ~~- - ~~~- ~~~- ~~

~- - - ~~~- ~- ~- - - ~~

- ~~~~~- - - ~- ~~- -
- ~- - ~~~~~~- - ~~~~~~- ~~- ~~- ~- ~~- - ~-

~~~- - - ~~ ~- - ~- - ~~- ~- ~~- - - ~~~- - - ~~~~~~- - - ~~~- - ~

~- ~- ~~- - ~- ~~- ~~~- ~~~- ~~~~- ~~~~- - ~- - - - - ~~ ~- ~- ~~~~~- ~

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~ ~~- - ~~- ~~~- - - ~~- - ~- - - ~~~~~- ~- ~- ~- ~
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~~~- ~~~~~~~- ~- ~~~~- - ~~~~- - ~- ~- ~~- ~- ~~~- - - ~~- ~

- ~~~~~- ~~~~- ~- ~~~~~-
-
- - ~~~~~~~- ~~- ~~-
- ~~- - - ~- - - ~~- ~~~~~~- - ~- - - ~~~~~- ~~~~~~- ~- ~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~- ~~- ~ ~ ~~~~- - ~~~~- - ~- ~- ~- ~~~- ~~~- - - ~-
~ ~~~~- ~~- ~~- ~- ~~~~~- - ~~
~~- ~~~~- ~ ~~~~~- ~~~
~ ~~-
- ~~~~- ~~~~- - - - ~~~~- - ~~~- ~- ~- ~~- ~- ~~~~~~- ~- ~~~
~- - ~
~~- - ~~~- - - ~~~~~~- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~- ~-
~~~- ~~- ~ - - ~~~- - - ~ ~
~~- - - ~~~~- ~- ~~~- ~- - ~~- - ~- ~~~- ~- - ~- ~- - ~- ~- - -
- - ~- - ~- ~- ~~ - ~- ~- ~- ~~- ~- -
~~~- ~ - ~- - ~- ~~~~~- ~~- - ~- - -
~~~~- ~- ~~~~~- ~~~~- ~~~~- ~- - ~- ~~ ~~- ~- ~
- - ~- ~~- ~~~-
- - ~- ~~~~- - ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~- - ~
- ~- - ~~- - ~- ~~~~- - ~~~~~- - ~
- - ~- - ~~- - ~ ~~~~~- - - ~~- ~- ~~~~- ~- ~~~- - ~~- ~~- - ~- ~~- - - - ~-
- - - ~~~- ~~~~~- - ~~- - ~- ~~~~- ~~~~~- - ~~- - ~
~- ~- ~~~- - ~~~~- -
~~~-~- ~~- - ~~~~~~~~- ~~- ~- ~~~~ - - - ~~- ~~- - - ~~~~- - - - ~~~~- -
- ~~~~~- ~~~~~- ~- ~~~- - ~~~~~- ~-~- ~~~- - ~- -
~~~~~- - ~~~
~~- - - ~- - ~- ~~~ - -
~~~~- - - ~~~- - ~- - ~~- - ~~~- ~- ~ - - - ~~
~- ~- ~- ~~~~- - ~-

~~- ~~- - ~~- ~- ~~~~- - ~- - - ~~
~- - ~~~- ~- - - - ~~~~~~- ~- ~~- - - ~~~
- ~- - - ~~~~~- ~~~- - ~- - ~- ~~~- ~- ~~- ~- - - ~- ~-
~~~- ~~~~- ~
~~- ~~-
- ~- - ~~~- - ~- ~ ~ ~~- ~~- ~- ~ - - ~ - ~- - ~~~- ~-
~~- ~~- - ~~- ~~-~-
~~~- ~- ~- ~- ~~~~~- ~- - ~~~ ~ - ~ ~
~~~~ - ~~ ~-
~~ ~

~- ~ ~~- ~- - ~~ ~ ~~- ~- - ~~- ~~ ~- -

~~ -

- - - - ~~- ~- ~- ~ ~~~~ ~- -
~- ~~~
BookIII
.ChapterII .S ec ti on 7

1 1 1
P hoen i c i an s , an d the
; 1 n hy
olme oftheHebrews , whi c hbothmean Vi rgi n ,
ory oun gwoman , were
thes ameas theL ati n Alma. T heO morAumofIn d i ai s ev i d en tly theO mhoftheIri s hD rui d s ,
whi c hmean s Hewho i s . 1 Iti s av ery c uri ous .c i rc ums tan c ethati n almos tallety mologi es , when
probed tothebottom, theCelti c lan guagei s foun d alon gwi ththeHebrew .
T herewas i n S y ri aorCan aan aplac ec alled Ammon , then ati v es ofwhi c hwerealway s aten -
mi ty wi ththeIs raeli tes .T hi s was s pelt1 1 op omun i n theHebrew, an d by theG reeks was c alled
Heli opoli s
.T hi s s eems tos hewthati twas d ed i c ated tothes ameG od as the Aov
ofE gy pt .
T hi s word i s us ed i n thewri ti n gs oftheHi n d oos prec i s ely as weus etheword Amen , whi c hI
hav en od oubt, both i n i ts mean i n gan d us e, c omes fromthi s word .
6.T hen ameofthes on ofN oahwas ort Hm, c alled Ham .T hen ameofthes olarorbwas
rmi 7 Ame thefemi n i n eof txt Hm. Itappears tomethat, frommi s apprehen s i on , the Hamof
N oahhas been c on foun d ed wi ththe
Ham, or Hmor O m
ofE gy pt- theJupi ter Ammon or Amon ,
theG od wi ththeR am' s bead , ad ored atthei egov O [ u
.ev e
.T heword
c =r ;
Hm, thepatri arc h,
an d the
word - , M , - 7
Hme, theS un , bei n gthes ame, werethec aus eofthemi s take .S uppos ethe
L XX.mean ttos ay thatE gy ptwas gi v en to
Ham,
i tby n omean s follows thatthi s was the Ham
or Am
ofthetemples oftheS olG en erator
.As wehav ean othermuc hmoreprobableway ofac -
c oun ti n gforthe O mofthetemplethan thatofs uppos i n gthed ei fi c ati on ofaman li v i n gathou-
s an d mi les fromthetempleoftheO as i s , Ithi n kweareboun d totakei t
.Buti fthehi s tory of
theflood was as ac red my thos , thetwoword s mi ghthav ethes amemean i n gwi thoutbei n gc opi ed
fromon ean other .Ikn own oreas on forbeli ev i n gthatthes on ofN oahwas d ei fi ed - amerefan c y
ofmod ern pri es ts ; butIhav eman y reas on s forbeli ev i n gthatAmon was theS un as thegen era-
ti n gpower, fi rs ti n T aurus , then i n Ari es ." Belus , K ron os , Api s , weres olars y mbols , an d N on n us
"
ran ks Amon wi ththes e
Bogear' E v 4p q
rao, Arws K exa
,4Fs ev o ;
Apov ,
Aan S
ec av y N E E Xmos , Apa,4~
K pov os , Aaav pros
Zav s .
~~Amon was c learly un d ers tood by themy thologi s ts torepres en ttheS un i n Ari es
."
s
S i rW .
D rummon d has gi v en man y others ati s fac tory reas on s forAmon bei n gtheS un : then howabs urd
i s i ttogoan y farther ! Alld i ffi c ulti es areeas i ly explai n ed by atten d i n gtothec i rc ums tan c eof
thefun d amen tald oc tri n e, that, i n fac t, alltheG od s res olv ethems elv es i n totheS un , ei theras G od
oras emblemoftheT ri un eAn d rogy n ous Bei n g.
Wi lki n s on , i n hi s Atlas , has plac ed on theE as tern s horeofArabi a, on ari v ern amed L ar, atowel
c alled O man um, whi c hwas als oc alled O m
.Hereamod erately ferti lei magi n ati on may perhaps fi n d
as ec on d orthi rd Ammon - an d thus s ev eralAmmon s , s ev eralHeli opoli s es , s ev eralM emmon s ,
&c
., &c . 3
S omei mportan tword s arec on n ec ted wi thord eri v ed fromtheword O m.M r.N i e-
buhrs ay s , " T heU mbri wereapowerfulpeopleprev i ous totheE trus c an s
." 4
Heals os ay s , that
theG reeks d etec ted i n then ameofthes epeople, whi c hthey pron oun c ed O mbri c i , an allus i on to
av ery remotean ti q ui ty .
T heread erwi lln otbes urpri s ed thatIs hould gototheE as tforthe
ori gi n oftheO m- bri c i an d ofO m- bri c a, an d c on s eq uen tly
.ofourU mber- N orth- umberlan d an d
C- umberlan d .
7 . M r
.N i ebuhrd oes n otpreten d toexplai n themean i n goftheword Itali a, buthei n forms us
thatthean c i en tG reeks referred i ttoHerac lei an trad i ti on s , an d toaG reekword Iraaos orI' r
os ,
s i gn i fy i n ga BU L L .
T hi s rec alls ouratten ti on i n av ery s i n gularman n ertothemos tan c i en ts u-
pers ti ti on
.P li n y
6
s ay s , " T hepeopleofU mbri aares uppos ed , ofallItaly , tobeofgreates t
I M auri c e, Hi s t
.ofHi n d .Vol.II .p .1 7 1 , ed .4to .

s
D rum.O ri g.B .i v .p .330 .
3
Ibi d .B
.i i i .Ch.i i i .p .360 .

4 Ch.
Vi .

5
Ch.i .p .31 .

6 N at .Hi s t .L i b .i i i .Cap.xi v .
1 1 2
O n theS pi ri torR uh, theD ov e
~~an ti q ui ty , as whommen thi n ktohav ebeen oftheG reeks n amed O mbri , forthat, i n thegen eral
` ~d elugeofthec oun try by rai n , they on ly remai n ed ali v e ." Ithi n ki td oes n otreq ui reav ery
ferti lei magi n ati on tod i s c ov erheretrac es oftheflood , thefi rs trac eofmen ,
an d thes ac red my s te-
ri ous
O M .
BrorP r, i n theE as tern lan guage, mean s s ac red an d c reati v e, '
an d O mberlan d wi ll
mean , T heL an d oftheS ac red O m
.
T hus wehav es ev eralc learan d d i s ti n c tmean i n gs ofO ff
.aXos .
Itwas mi ti s , begn i gn us
. It
was the male gen erati v epower, as Ia% Xog.
As O mphale, i twas the female gen erati v epower, the
wi feofHerc ules , an d then av eloftheE arthorN abbi
. Itwas als othepropheti c v oi c eofthe
ben i gn an tO m.
Wes halls eeby an d by ehowi tc ametohav eallthes ed i fferen tmean i n gs . Be-
forewec on c lud ethi s work, wes hallfi n d as i mi larv ari ety ari s i n g fromothern ames c on n ec ted
wi ththi s s ubj ec t, an d i n parti c ulari ts hould berec ollec ted thatwehav efoun d theIn d i an Crees hn a
orCri s tn ac alli n ghi ms elfO m.
Ic an n othelps us pec ti n gthatthean c i en ts often ad opted an
extraord i n ary play upon word s - a
ki n d ofpun n i n g. T hus , ` Itz S r,
i s therootofO s i ri s , whoc han ged hi ms elfi n toabull. Hei s the
S un . S ury ai s
theS un , an d i s thefav ouri teG od ofJapan , wherethec elebrated Bullbreaks the
mun d an eegg. - l1 tv S ur
.i s abeev e, as T aurus , atthev ern aleq ui n ox, thelead eroftheheav en ly
hos ts
.
` i tv
S rr, mean s ruler, orabs oluted i rec tororL ord .
Brahmei s theS un , thes ameas S ury a . Brahma s prun gfromthen av elofBrahme . T he
G reeks c alltheorac les o1 4a? oi , orn av els oftheearth . S rr has thes amemean i n gas op4aXog
- an d S r mean s fun i s umbi li c ali s .
O 7 1 mean s an orac le .T heorac lewas thes pi ri toftheG od , thes an c tus s pi ri tus , an d c amefrom
theo4a? os . Itfoun d ed D elphi i n theformofablac kD ov e . AD ov e i s
alway s theemblem
theHoly S pi ri t .
; w#
Jun e, i s HebrewforD ov e . T hi s i s theY on i ofIn d i a, theO s M i n xae, the
matri x. AtD elphi theres pon s ec amefromafi s s ureorc rac ki n themoun tai n , theY on i ofthe
earth .
T hi s was theemblemofthe
rtr1 ruh
orHoly G hos t, thethi rd pers on oftheT ri n i ty
.
8
.In P s almxxxi i i .6, i ti s s ai d , " By theword ofIeuewerethe=
, D tU s mi mheav en s mad e ;
G Q
an d allthehos tofthemby then 1 1
ruh
breathofhi s mouth ." Agai n , v er
.9 , " Forhe s pake,
"
an d i twas d on e ; he c omman d ed , an d i ts tood fas t ."
T hethi rd pers on was theD es troy er, or, i n hi s good c apac i ty , theR egen erator .
T hed ov ewas
theemblemoftheR egen erator . When apers on was bapti z ed , hewas regen erated orborn agai n
.
AD ov ed es c en d ed on tothehead ofJes us athi s bapti s m
.
D ev otees profes s tobeborn agai n by
theHoly G hos t- S an c tus S pi ri tus .
Weread ofan E v i lS pi ri tan d ofaHoly S pi ri t
; on ei s the
thi rd pers on i n hi s d es troy i n gc apac i ty , theotheri n hi s regen erati n gc apac i ty .
Weread i n the
Ac ts oftheApos tles ( c h .xv i .1 6) ofas pi ri tofP y thon oraP y thon i c s pi ri t, an ev i ls pi ri t
.
P y thon , orthes pi ri tofP y thon , was thed es troy er . ButatD elphi hewas als oApollo, whowas
s ai d tobetheS un i n Heav en , Bac c hus on E arth, an d Apolloi n Hell.
M
.D uboi s has obs erv ed , ( p .29 3, ) thattheP ran aorP ri n c i pleof
L i fe, oftheHi n d oos , i s the
breathofli fe by whi c htheCreatoran i mated thec lay , an d man bec ameali v i n gs oul." G en . i i .7 .
T heHoly S pi ri torG hos twas s ometi mes mas c uli n e, s ometi mes femi n i n e .
As thethi rd pers on
oftheT ri n i ty , i twas as wellkn own tothean c i en tG en ti les as tothemod ern s ,
as i twi llhereafter
bes hewn .
O ri gen expres s ly makes theHoly G hos t female
. Iles ay s ,
7 rai 8 i oxr
) at xupz agrad y i e
IIv s ui z =- or
27
IuXrl-
1 c T hes ouli s mai d en tohermi s tres s theHoly G hos t . 2
' L oubere, Hi s t .S i am.
P ors on agai n s tT rav i s
; Clas s .Jour.N o .L XXVI., D ec .1 8 28 , p .20 7 .
BookIII
.ChapterII .S ec ti on 8

1 1 3
Ibeli ev eby almos tallthean c i en ts , bothJews an d G en ti les , theS upremeBei n gwas thoughtto
bemateri al, an d toc on s i s tofav ery refi n ed i gn eous flui d ; moreli kethegalv an i c orelec tri c fi re
than an y thi n gwi thwhi c hIamac q uai n ted
.T hi s was als otheopi n i on ofmos tofthean c i en t
Chri s ti an fathers
.T hi s was c alled thean i maas femi n i n e, ors pi ri tus as mas c uli n e- an d was the
rri
ruhhof
thes ec on d v ers eofG en es i s , whi c hP arkhurs tc alls breathorai ri n moti on , ( Is ai ahxi .
4, ) an
i n c orporeals ubs tan c e, an d theHoly S pi ri t.Fromthi s c omes theexpres s i on toi n s pi re, or
holy i n s pi rati on
. T heword G hos tmean s s pi ri tus oran i ma .T hi s was often c on foun d ed wi ththe
i gn eous flui d ofwhi c hG od was
.s uppos ed - toc on s i s t
; when c ec amethebapti s mby fi rean d theHoly
G hos t .( M att .i i i . 1 l.)
T hes ewereabs urd refi n emen ts ofreli gi ous metaphy s i c i an s , whi c hn ec es -
s ari ly aros efromthei rattempts tod efi n e
that
ofwhi c hthey had n otthemean s offormi n gan i d ea .
Is hould heeq ually as abs urd , i fIweretoattempttorec on c i lethei ri n c on s i s ten c i es
.In theabov e
examples ofthed i fferen tn ames fortheHoly G hos t, as i n gularmi xtureofgen d ers i s obs erv able
.
Wes eetheac ti v epri n c i ple, fi re,
theCreatoran d theP res erv er, an d als otheD es troy er, i d en ti fi ed
wi ththeHoly G hos toftheChri s ti an s , i n theun i ted formoftheD ov ean d ofFi res ettli n gon the
apos tles .
Herewehav emos tc learly theHoly G hos ti d en ti fi ed wi ththeD es troy er, Fi re
.
T heD ov e i s
thead mi tted emblemofthefemaleproc reati v epower .Italway s ac c ompan i es
Ven us
. Hen c ei n S an s c ri tthefemaleorgan ofgen erati on i s c alled Y on i .T heHebrewn amei s
rup T un e .
E v i d en tly thes ame .T hewi feofJov e, theCreator, v ery n aturally bears then ameof
thefemaleproc reati v epower, Jun o .Iti s un n ec es s ary topoi n toutthec los erelati on ofthepas -
s i on oflov etotheproc reati v epower .T herec an s c arc ely bead oubtthattheD ov ewas c alled
aftertheY on i , ortheY on i aftertheD ov e, probably fromi ts s alac i ous q uali ti es
.An d as c reati on
was d es truc ti on , an d thec reati v ethed es truc ti v epower, i tc ametobetheemblemofthed es truc ti v e
as wellas ofthec reati v epower .As the
1 7 1 7
ruh ors pi ri tus was thepas s i v ec aus e( brood i n gon
thefac eofthewaters ) by whi c hallthi n gs s prun gi n toli fe, theD ov ebec ametheemblemofthe
, uh or S pi ri t
orHoly G hos t, thethi rd pers on , an d c on s eq uen tly theD es troy er .In thefoun d ati on
oftheG rec i an O rac les , theplac es pec uli arly fi lled wi ththeHoly S pi ri torG hos t, ori n s pi rati on ,
theD ov ewas thepri n c i palagen t
.T hei n ti materelati on between allthes ethi n gs , an d thei rd e-
pen d an c eon on ean other, Ithi n k, c an n otpos s i bly bed i s puted . We hav ei n theN ewT es tamen t
s ev eraln oti c es oftheHoly G hos torthes an c tus s pi ri tus , w' i p
gd i s ,
n tn
ruh, 7 c ' v s ulu, .ac ry i ov ,
4ux~
xo6s , oran i mamun d i , oralmaVen us .Itd es c en d ed , as beforeremarked , upon Jes us athi s
bapti s m, i n theformofaD ov e, an d ac c ord i n gtoJus ti n M arty r, afi rewas li ghted i n themomen t
ofi ts d ec en ti n theri v erJord an
.Iti s als os ai d tohav ec omewi thas oun d as ofarus hi n gmi ghty
wi n d , buttohav ebeen v i s i bleas aton gueoffi re, s ettli n gon eac hapos tle, as d es c ri bed Ac ts i i
.
2, 3 .
Herewehav ethe fi 1 7 ruh or ai ri n moti on , ac c ord i n gtoP arkhurs t' s explan ati on , whi c h
brood ed on thefac eofthed eep, an ac ti v eagen ti n thec reati on ; an d wehav e fi re the
D es troy er-
thebapti s mofwater, wi n d , an d fi re- thebapti s moftheE trus c an s . I John s ay s , " Ii n d eed bap-
ti z ey ouwi thwater, buton es hallc ome, whos hallbapti z ey ouwi ththeHoly G hos tan d wi th
~~fi re ." ( L ukei i i
. 1 6 .) Allthi s i s partoftheR omi s hE s oteri c reli gi on ofJes us , whi c h, li keother
reli gi on s , has been los t
; afewfragmen ts on ly n owremai n i n g; un les s i tbepri v ately c on c ealed i n
therec es s es oftheVati c an .
8
.Wemay s eev ery c learly fromthen on s en s eofL ac tan ti us thatmy i d eai s c orrec t
.Hes ay s ,
theS on ofG od i s thes ermoorrati o( thes peec horreas on ) ofG od ; als o, thattheotheran gels
arethebreathofG od ,
s pi ri tus D ei . But s ermo
( s peec h) i s breathemi tted , togetherwi thav oi c e
expres s i v eofs omethi n g. 2 I s hall, perhaps , beas ked by ad i s c i pleofthephi los ophi c P ri es tley
I Vi d eG ori us ' s E trus c an M on umen ts .

2 P ri es tley , Cor .Chri s t .S ec t .i i .

1 1 4
S ubj ec tofP ers i an an d Hi n d ooT ri n i ty R es umed
howIc on c ei v ethes oultobec on n ec ted wi thorrelated tothebod y - tomatter
.Ireply , Ikn ow
n ot
.Ion ly kn owthatG od i s good , an d thatthi s good n es s c an n otexi s twi thoutas tateofreward
an d pun i s hmen thereaftertoman ki n d
.T hi s makes mec ertai n that, i n s omeway orother, man
wi llexi s tafterd eath
: but how
theD ei ty has n otgi v en mefac ulti es toc omprehen d .An d i fI
wan ted aproofofthi s latterpropos i ti on , Ihav eon ly togofori ttotheun s ati s fac tory n atureof
theD oc tor' s D i s q ui s i ti on s on M atteran d S pi ri t, fromwhi c hIthi n kan y un prej ud i c ed pers on mus t
s eethathehas i n v olv ed hi ms elfi n i n extri c abled i ffi c ulti es , fromn otatten d i n gtoM r
.L oc ke' s
d oc tri n e, an d fromattempti n gthatwhi c hi s bey on d thereac hofthehuman un d ers tan d i n g.
Ifmy read erwi llpay ali ttleatten ti on towhatpas s es i n hi s own mi n d , li ewi lls oon s ee, that
when hetalks ofS pi ri torG hos t, hegen erally has n oi d eaofan y thi n g.T hi s i s on eofthes ub-
j ec ts ofwhi c hhec an ac q ui ren okn owled geori d eathroughthemed i umofthes en s es .T herefore,
as mi ghtbeexpec ted , agreatc on fus i on ofterms prev ai ls
.In theforegoi n gexami n ati on , the
truthofwhatIhav es ai d wi llbei n s tan tly apparen t .T heterms betray , i n thei rori gi n , the
gros s es tmateri ali s m
.Ithi n ktheread ermus tn ows eethati fthe s pi ri tofG od mean an y thi n g, i t
i s amerefi gureofs peec h, an d mean s thatG od has s omod elled hi s lawofc reati on , thatthe
pati en ts hallhav eagood d i s pos i ti on , oragood s pi ri t .An d i fi tbes ai d thathehas as pi ri tof
prophec y orofforetelli n gfutureev en ts , Ireply , theexpres s i on may as wellbe, thathehas afles h
toforetellas as pi ri ttoforetell.IfG od hav eev ergi v en a pers on akn owled geofwhatwi llhappen
atafutureti me, thi s has n omoretod owi ththes pi ri tortheai ri n moti on , than wi ththefles h .
Jes us s ai d , thegates ofhells hould n ev erprev ai lagai n s thi s reli gi on .Ac c ord i n gtoy ourac c oun ts
.
Chri s ti an d oc tors , they hav eprev ai led an d c on ti n uetoprev ai l
.ButIs ay , N o
.T hey hav en ot
prev ai led , an d n ev erwi llprev ai l; thepure, un ad ulterated d oc tri n es ofJes us wi lls tan d forev er .
T hey hav eon ly prev ai led agai n s tthec orrupti on s wi thwhi c hy ouhav eload ed hi s reli gi on .T he
fi n emorali ty an d theun i ty ofG od , whi c hy ouwould hav ed es troy ed , c an n ev erreally bed es troy ed ,
thoughy ouri d ols , y ourreli c s , y ours ai n ts , an d y ourmotherofG od , wi llallpas s away , li key es -
terd ay ' s s had owofac loud on themoun tai n .
9
.Iti s n owti metoreturn totheP ers i an s .
Afteren umerati n gv ari ous otheri n s tan c es toprov etheexi s ten c eofan In d i an T ri n i ty , M r .
M auri c es ay s ,
"
D egrad ed i n fi n i tely , Imus trepeati t, ben eaththeChri s ti an , as arethec harac ters
"
oftheHi n d ooT ri n i ty , y eti n ourwholeres earc hthroughoutAs i atherehas n othi thertooc c urred
s od i rec tan d un eq ui v oc alad es i gn ati on ofaT ri n i ty i n U n i ty as thats c ulptured i n theE le-
~~phan tac av ern : n ori s therean y mored ec i d ed av owalofthed oc tri n ei ts elfan y wheretobemet
' ~wi ththan i n thefollowi n gpas s ages oftheBhagv atG eeta .In thatmos tan c i en tan d authen ti c
~book, thes upremeVees hn uthus s peaks c on c ern i n ghi ms elfan d hi s d i v i n eproperti es : ` Iam
~~theholy on e, worthy tobekn own
.' Hei mmed i ately ad d s ,
I
Iamthe my s ti c ( tri li teral) fi gure
" O m; the R ei g, the Y agus h, an d the S aman Ved as ." Herewes eethatVees hn us peaks ex-
pres s ly ofhi s un i ty , an d y eti n thes ames en s ed ec lares hei s themy s ti c fi gureA .U .M ., whi c h
~~threeletters theread erhas been i n formed , fromS i rW .Jon es , c oales c ean d formtheS an s c reet
~~word O M ." Ali ttleafter, i n thes amepage, M r
.M auri c etells us , thatthefi gurewhi c hs tan d s
fortheword O M oftheBrahmi n s , i s d es i gn ated by thec ombi n ati on ofthreeletters , whi c hD r .
Wi lki n s has s hewn tos tan d , the fi rs t forthe
Creator,
the s ec on d forthe P res erv er, an d the thi rd
forthe D es troy er . 2
AZ.S on n eratals os tates thattheHi n d oos ad ore three pri n c i pald ei ti es , Brouma, Chi v en , an d
Vi c hen ou, whoares ti llbuton e . 3
1 G eeta, p .8 0 .

2 M auri c e, In d .An t .Vol.IV.pp .7 44,

7 45 .

1
Ibi d .
P .
7 47 .
BookIII .ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 1

1 1 5
M
.S on n eratals ogi v es apas s agefromaS an s c ri tP ooraun , i i n whi c hi ti s s tated thati ti s
G od alon ewhoc reated theun i v ers eby hi s
prod uc ti v e
power, whomai n tai n s i tby hi s
all-
pres erv i n g
power, an d whowi lld es troy i tby hi s d es truc ti v e
power, an d thati ti s thi s G od
whoi s repres en ted un d erthen ameof
threeG od s , whoarec alled
T ri mourti .
2
M r.Fors ter 3 s ay s ,

O n ec i rc ums tan c ewhi c hforc i bly s truc kmy atten ti on was theHi n d oobeli efofaT ri n i ty ; the
" pers on s are
S reeM un N arrai n , the
M ahaL etc hi my , abeauti fulwoman , an d a S erpen t. T hes e

pers on s areby theHi n d oos s uppos ed tobewholly i n d i v i s i ble

; the on ei s three, an d the
three
" are
on e ." M r
.M auri c ethen s tates thattheS reeM un N arrai n , as M r
.Fors terwri tes i t, i s
N aray en theS upremeG od :
thebeauti fulwoman i s theImmaoftheHebrews , an d thattheun i on
ofthes exes i s perfec tly c on s i s ten twi ththatan c i en td oc tri n emai n tai n ed i n theG eeta, an d propa-
gated by O rpheus , thattheD ei ty i s bothmalean d female
.
4
M r
.M auri c e, i n hi s In d i an An ti q ui ti es , s ay s ,
"
T hi s n oti on ofthreepers on s i n theD ei ty was

d i ffus ed amon gs tallthe- n ati on s oftheearth, es tabli s hed aton c ei n regi on s s od i s tan tas Japan
"
an d P eru, i mmemori ally ac kn owled ged throughoutthewholeexten tofE gy ptan d In d i a, an d
"
flouri s hi n gwi theq ualv i gourami d s tthes n owy moun tai n s ofT hi bet, an d thev as td es erts of
" S i beri a."
CHAP T E R III
Is raelWors ley ' s Ac c oun tofAn c i en tT ri n i ti es - O pi n i on ofD r
.P ri tc hard an d
others on theT ri n i ti es - O pi n i on ofM auri c ean d others on theT ri n i ti es - T he
Chri s ti an T ri n i ty - Its O ri gi n - M ac robi us on theT ri n i ty - P hi lo' s T ri n i ty ofthe
Jews - Faber' s Ac c oun toftheU n i v ers alBeli efoftheT ri n i ty - O bs erv ati on s on
theD oc tri n ethatD es truc ti on i s on ly R egen erati on .
1 . M R .WO R S L E Y s ay s , "
T hi s d oc tri n ewas ofv ery greatan ti q ui ty , an d gen erally rec ei v ed by
alltheG othi c an d Celti c n ati on s
.T hes ephi los ophers taught, thattheS upremeG od , T en tor
"
Wod en , was theac ti v epri n c i ple, thes ouloftheworld , whi c h, un i ti n gi ts elftomatter, had
" thereby puti ti n toac on d i ti on toprod uc ei n telli gen c es ori n feri orgod s an d men
.T hi s the
poets expres s by s ay i n gthatO d i n es pous ed Frea, ortheL ad y , by way ofemi n en c e
.Y etthey
"
allowed agreatd i fferen c ebetween thes etwopri n c i ples .T heS upremewas etern al, whereas
matterwas hi s work, an d ofc ours ehad abegi n n i n g
.Allthi s was expres s ed by thephras e,
" E arthi s thed aughteran d wi feoftheun i v ers alFather
.Fromthi s my s ti c alun i on was born the
" G od T hor- As aT hor, theL ord T hor .
He was thefi rs tborn oftheS upreme, thegreates tof

thei n telli gen c es , thatwereborn oftheun i on ofthetwopri n c i ples

.T hec harac ters gi v en hi m

c orres pon d muc hwi ththos ewhi c htheR oman s gav etothei rJupi ter
.He, too, was thethun -

d erer, an d tohi mwas d ev oted thefi fthd ay , T hor' s - d ag;

i n G erman an d D utc h, D on d erd ag,
'
Voy ages , Vol.I .p .25 9 .

s
Ibi d .
P .
7 49

$ S ketc hes
ofHi n d oo M y thology , p .1 2.
4 M auri c e,
In d .An t .Vol.IV.
P .
7 5 0 .
1 1 6

Is raelWors ley ' s Ac c oun tofAn c i en tT ri n i ti es

" thun d erd ay
.T hec ommon oaths ofthes epeoplemarkthes ameori gi n .T hey s wearby d on d er
" an d blexen ,
thun d eran d li ghtn i n g.Fri d ay tooki ts n amefromFrea, Frea' s - d ag ; as Wed n es d ay
"
d i d fromWod en , Wod en ' s - d ag.T ui s was then amewhi c htheold S axon s gav etothes on of

theS upreme, when c eT ues d ay .T hor, bei n gthefi rs tborn , was c alled theeld es tofthes on s
.
hei s mad eami d d led i v i n i ty , amed i atorbetween G od an d man .S uc h, too, was theP ers i an s '
G od : forT horwas v en erated als oas thei n telli gen c ethatan i mated thes un an d fi re
.T heP er-
" s i gn s d ec lared thatthemos ti llus tri ous ofallthei n telli gen c es was thatwhi c hthey wors hi ped
"
un d erthes y mboloffi re .T hey c alled hi mM i thras , orthemed i atorG od .T heS c y thi an s c alled
" hi mG oeto- S y rus , theG ood S tar .AlltheCelti c n ati on s wereac c us tomed towors hi pthes un ,
" ei theras d i s ti n gui s hed fromT hor, oras hi s s y mbol.Itwas thei rc us tomtoc elebrateafeas tat
" thewi n ters ols ti c e, when thatgreatlumi n ary began toreturn agai n tothi s partoftheHeav en s
.
" T hey c alled i tY uule, fromHeoul, Heli os , thes un , whi c htothi s c lay s i gn i fi es thes un i n the
" lan guageofBretagn ean d Corn wall: when c etheFren c hword N oel
.
"
Howgreatares emblan c emay bes een between theexpres s i on s whi c hhav ebeen s tated abov e,
"
relati v etothes ean c i en tT ri n i ti es , an d thos eofs omeChri s ti an wors hi pers , whoi magi n ethat

theFatherbegattheS on - ac c ord i n gtos omei n ti me, ac c ord i n gtoothers frometern i ty - an d

" thatfromthes etwos pran gorproc eed ed theHoly G hos t! "
Ac c ord i n gtoIs raelWors ley ,
2"
Itwas Jus ti n M arty r, aChri s ti an c on v ertfromtheP laton i c
" s c hool, who, aboutthemi d d leofthes ec on d c en tury , fi rs tpromulgated theopi n i on , thattheS on
" ofG od was thes ec on d pri n c i plei n theD ei ty , an d thec reatorofallmateri althi n gs
.Hei s the
earli es twri tertowhomthi s opi n i on c an betrac ed
.Heas c ri bes hi s kn owled geofi t, n ottothe
" S c ri ptures , buttothes pec i alfav ourofG od ." But
Jus ti n i s thev ery earli es tad mi tted gen ui n e
Chri s ti an wri terwhomwehav e,
n ots uppos ed tobei n s pi red , an d i ts eems thathed i d n otattri bute
thekn owled geofhi s d oc tri n etothegos pelhi s tori es .T hereas on ofthi s wi llbeexplai n ed here-
after .
M r.Wors ley then proc eed s tos tatethat " M od ern theologi an s hav ed efi n ed thethreeHy pos -

tas es i n theG od head wi thgreatprec i s i on , thoughi n v ery d i fferen tword s : butthefathers of

" theT ri n i tari an Churc hweren ei thers opos i ti v en ors ofreefromd oubtan d un c ertai n ty , n or
" werethey agreed i i i thei ropi n i on s upon i t .T hev ery c oun c i ls wereagi tated ; n ori s thatwhi c h
" i s n owd ec lared es s en ti altos alv ati on , thean c i en tT ri n i ty .T hey whothoughttheWord an
"
attri buteoftheFather, whi c has s umed apers on ali ty atthebegi n n i n gofthec reati on , c alled thi s
" thegen erati on oftheS on
; regard i n ghi ms ti llas i n feri ortotheFather, whomthey c alled the
" G od by way ofemi n en c e, whi le, aftertheexampleoftheold Heathen s , they c alled theS on

G od . T hi s n oti on ofd es c en ti mpli ed i n feri ori ty , an d on thatgroun d was obj ec ted to, an d the

N i c en eCoun c i l, i n 325 , i s s ued ac orrec ted an d i mprov ed s y mbol; an d Chri s t, i n s tead .ofon ly
S on , was s ty led G od ofG od , an d v ery G od ofv ery G od .Butev en heretheeq uali ty oftheS on
" was n otes tabli s hed , theFatherby whomhewas begotten bei n gregard ed as thegreatfoun tai n
" ofli fe .
T hei n v es tmen tofwi s d omwi thapers on ali ty s ti lli mpli ed ati mewhen hewas begotten ,
" .an d c on s eq uen tly ati mewhen hewas n ot
.Fromthi s d i lemmaan es c apewas i n proc es s of
" ti meprov i d ed by the' hy pothes i s ofan etern algen erati on
; an oti on whi c hi s s elf- c on trad i c tory ,
" T heN i c en eFathers , howev er, d i d n otv en tureon thetermT ri n i ty
; forthey had n oi n ten ti on
" ofrai s i n gthei rpre- exi s ten tChri s ttoan eq uali ty wi ththeFather
: an d as totheHoly S pi ri t,
~' thi s was c on s i d ered as ofs ubord i n ateran k, an d thec laus es res pec ti n gi ts proc es s i on an d bei n g
" wors hi ped togetherwi ththeFatheran d theS on , weren otad d ed ti llthey ear38 1 , attheCoun c i l

ofCon s tan ti n ople ." 3 Igi v en oopi n i on on thes tatemen tofM r .Wors ley , as i ti s n otmy i n ten -
' Is raelWors ley ' s E n q ui ry , p .42.

2 Ibi d .p .5 4 .

3 Ibi d .p .63.
BookIII .ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 2

1 1 7
ti on toen teri n toac on trov ers y as towhattheT ri n i ty i s , buton ly togi v ean hi s tori c alac c oun t
ofi t .
2.D r
.P ri tc hard , i n hi s An aly s i s ofE gy pti an M y thology , ( p
.27 1 , ) d es c ri bes theE gy pti an s to
hav eaT ri n i ty c on s i s ti n gofthe
gen erati v e, the d es truc ti v e,
an d the pres erv i n gpower .Is i s an s wers
toS eev a . Is wara, or" L O R D , "
i s theepi thetofS i v a, orS eev a
.O s i ri s , orY s i ri s , as Hellan i c us
wrotetheE gy pti an n ame, was theG od atwhos ebi rthav oi c ewas heard tod ec lare,
" thatthe
"
L ord ofalln atures pran gforthtoli ght
." D r .P ri tc hard agai n s ay s , ( p
.262, ) " T heold es t
"
d oc tri n eoftheE as tern s c hools i s thes y s temofeman ati on s an d themetemps y c hos i s
."
T hes etwowereals oes s en ti ally thed oc tri n eoftheM agi , an d oftheJews , moreparti c ularly of
thes ec toftheP hari s ees , or, as they oughttobec alled , oftheP ers ees
. I
b7 x
P rs , 2 M r
.M an -
ri c e 3
obs erv es , thatthed oc tri n es of
O ri gi n alS i n
an d thatman i s afallen c reature, aretobefoun d
bothi n thereli gi on ofBrahmaan d Chri s t, an d thati ti s fromthi s , thatthepi ous aus teri ti es an d
works ofs upererogati on by theFaki rs an d Y ogees oftheformerared eri v ed
.T hed oc tri n eofthe
M etemps y c hos i s was held by mos tofthev ery early fathers , an d by alltheG n os ti c s ec ts , aton e
ti me, bey on d alld oubt, thelarges tpartoftheChri s ti an world
.Beaus obrethoughtthatthe
tran s mi grati on ofs ouls was tobemetwi thi n theN ewT es tamen t
.Hes ay s , 4 " Wefi n d s ome
"
trac es ofthi s n oti on ev en i n theN ewT es tamen t, as i n S t
.L ukexv i .23, wheretherei s an ac -
"
c oun toftheabod eofd eparted s ouls , c on formabletotheG rec i an phi los ophy
; an d i n S t .John
" i x
.2, wherewefi n d allus i on tothepre- exi s ten c ean d tran s mi grati on ofs ouls
." T heworks of
s upererogati on an d purgatory oftheR omi s hChurc hbothc omefromthi s s ourc e
.Ac elebrated
mod ern apologi s tforChri s ti an i ty beli ev ed themetemps y c hos i s
.
T heG od O romas d es was un d oubted ly theS upremeG od oftheP ers i an s , buty etthereli gi on
was gen erally kn own by then ameofthereli gi on ofM i thra, theM ed i atororS av i our
.
In thes ameway i n In d i athewors hi pofthe
fi rs t pers on i n thei rT ri n i ty i s los torabs orbed i n
thatofthe s ec on d ,
feworn otemples bei n gfoun d d ed i c ated toBrahma
; s oamon gtheChri s ti an s ,
thewors hi pofthe
Fatheri s los ti n thatofthe, S on ,
theM ed i atoran d S av i our .Wehav eabun -
d an c eofc hurc hes d ed i c ated tothes ec on d an d thi rd pers on s i n theT ri n i ty , an d tos ai n ts , an d to
theM otherofG od , butn on etotheFather .-5 Wefi n d Jes us c on s tan tly c alled
aS on , oras ( ac -
c ord i n gtotheU n i tari an s ) theT ri n i tari an s c hoos etomi s tran s latetheG reek,
theS on ofG od . In
thes ameway , P latoi n forms us , thatZoroas terwas s ai d tobe "
thes on ofO romas d es orO rmi s -
" d as , whi c hwas then ametheP ers i an s gav etotheS upremeG od " - thereforehewas
theS on of
G od . 6
Jes us Chri s ti s c alled theS on ofG od
:
n od oubtv ery j us tly , i ftheE v an geli s tJohn beri ght, for
hes ay s , ( c h .i .v er .1 2, ) thatev ery on ewhorec ei v es thegos pel, ev ery on e, i n fac t, whobeli ev es
i n G od theCreator, has powertobec omeaS on ofG od
.O rmus d , i n Boun d ehes c h, s ay s , " M y
" n amei s thepri n c i ple( lepri n c i pe) an d thec en treofallthi n gs
: my n amei s , Hewhoi s , whoi s
" all, an d whopres erv es all."
7
As theJews had thei rs ac red wri ti n gs towhi c hthey looked wi thprofoun d res pec t, s ohad the
P ers i an s :
an d s othey c on ti n uetohav ethemtothi s d ay
.M r
.M oy les has en d eav oured tod i s -
c red i tthegen ui n en es s ofthes ewri ti n gs , by s tati n g "
thatthey c on tai n fac ts an d d oc tri n es man i -
" fes tly taken fromthegos pels ." Iti s probablethatthes ewri ti n gs aren omorethewri ti n gs of
' T heP hari s ees weremerely P ars ec s , ( theJews pron oun c ed P li keP HorF, ) pers on s
who i n termi n gled M agi an
n oti on s ( ac q ui red d uri n gthec apti v i ty ) wi ththelawofM os es : hen c e
a pec uli arpropri ety i n
c hi ld offi re, v tov y E z Y Y V; ,
M att . xxi i i .1 5
; S up . toP alaeromai c a, pp .63, 1 0 0 .
s
P arkhurs ti n Voc e, p .5 9 4 ; Beaus . In t . pp .1 6, 1 32.

3
In d .An t . Vol.V
.p .1 9 5 .

* In t . p .1 6 .
s
S ee
M aur .In d .An t . Vol.V.
P .
8 7 .

6 Cud . B .i . Ch . i v .p .28 7 .
7
N otes toCreuz er' s R eli gi on s d el' An ti q ui te, by G ui gn i ault, p .67 0 .

a
Works , Vol.II .p
.5 7 .
1 1 8
T heChri s ti an T ri n i ty - Its O ri gi n
Zoroas ter,
orofaman wholi v ed fi v eors i xhun d red orathous an d y ears beforeCy rus , than that
theJewi s hP en tateuc hi s thewri ti n gofM os es
. Y etthey areprobably partly hi s orhi s c ompi la-
ti on , i n thes ameway thattheP en tateuc hi s partly theprod uc ti on orthec ompi lati on ofM os es
.
T houghthes ebooks may n otbethewri ti n gofZoroas ter,
they aretherec ei v ed s ac red books of
theM agi , thes ameas thebooks oftheP en tateuc h
areoftheJews , an d thei rgen ui n en es s i s
en ti tled toeq ualres pec t .
Itwas , perhaps , on ac c oun tofthes ematters , thatD r .Hy d e' s tran s -
lati on s oftheP ers i an works n ev erwen ttopres s .
3
.T hed oc tri n eoftheT ri n i ty i s fi rs ttobemetwi thtotheN orth- eas toftheIn d us ,
an d i tmay
betrac ed Wes tward s totheG reekan d L ati n n ati on s
; butthetwolatters eemalmos ttohav e
los ts i ghtofi tas an ati on alorv ulgard oc tri n e
; i n d eed , amon gthemulti tud ei n them, n othi n g
halfs orati on ali s tobefoun d
.Its eems tohav ebeen c on fi n ed tothephi los ophers , s uc has P lato
- butwhetheras as ec retd oc tri n eormy s tery may ad mi tofd oubt
.
Whetherthed oc tri n eoftheT ri n i ty formed apartoftheChri s ti an reli gi on has been d i s puted al-
mos tfromi ts earli es tperi od , by agreatv ari ety ofs ec ts , wi thad egreeofbi ttern es s an d
an i mos i ty
hard ly tobeeq ualled i n thehi s tory oftheworld
. Iftheq ues ti on had been ofv i tali mportan c eto
thereli gi on , or, whi c hi s ofeq ualc on s eq uen c ei n thees ti mati on oftooman y , had
i n v olv ed the
c on ti n uan c eofthehi erarc hy orti thi n gs y s tem,
i n s tead ofbei n gmerely an i d les pec ulati on , i ts
truthorfals i ty c ould n othav ebeen c on tes ted wi thgreater v i rulen c e
. S ev eralc on s i d erables ec ts
affi rm, thati twas i n trod uc ed by s omeoftheearly fathers fromthes c hoolofP lato
: thi s others as
s tron gly d en y . M r
.M auri c e, whobei n gaChurc hman i s , ofc ours e, on theT ri n i tari an s i d e,
c an -
d i d ly allows thati texi s ted i n thed oc tri n es oftheJews ,
an d ofalltheotherAs i ati c n ati on s from
themos tremotean ti q ui ty .
Buts ofarfroms eei n gan y d i ffi c ulty i n thi s , hec on c lud es
fromi t,
thati tmus thav ebeen rev ealed by G od toAd am, ortoN oah, ortoAbraham, ortos omebod y
els e, an d fromthen c ehemos ttri umphan tly c on c lud es thati ti s
true .
T hean ti q ui ty ofthed oc -
tri n ehehas c learly prov ed .Hi s c on c lus i on i s an otheraffai r
. Ifi tbes ati s fac tory tohi s mi n d , i t
i s allwell; aworthy an d good man i s mad ehappy atv ery li ttle
expen s e . In ChapterII .M r .
M auri c ehas broughttogetherav as tv ari ety offac ts toprov ethatthed oc tri n e
oftheT ri n i ty was
gen erally held by theG en ti les , butthey allatlas ts hew
i ts ori gi n tohav ebeen theE gy pti an
M i thrai ti c orHi n d oos c hool. Fromthi s s ourc etheT ri n i ty s pran g:
ad oc tri n ewhi c hi ti s
s een may betrac ed tov ery remoteperi od s ofti me, i n d eed lon g
pri ortotheti mefi xed fortheex-
i s ten c eoftheJews , orprobably ofN oah
: an d i tpas s ed tothemthroughthemed i umoftheP er-
s i an s an d E gy pti an s , as i td i d als ototheG reeks
: an d fromthemalli tpas s ed totheChri s ti an s i n
alaterd ay .As i tmi ghthav ebeen s uppos ed , i ti s foun d n ottobealtogether, buty etfun d amen tally ,
thes ame, an d i n fac ttopos s es s muc hmores i mi lari ty than mi ghthav ebeen expec ted fromthe
etern allawofc han getowhi c hi twas s ubj ec t, d uri n gtheti mei twas trav elli n gthroughv ari ous
c li mates , n ati on s , an d lan guages , forhun d red s , i n d eed thous an d s ,
ofy ears .Howev er, i n allthe
greates s en ti alparts i ti s thes ame . T herearetheFather, theCreator- theS on , theP res erv eror
S av i our- an d theev i lpri n c i pleorthed ev i l- i n hi s bad c harac terthed es troy er, i n hi s good on ethe
regen erator ; thes amethreepers on s as i n theChri s ti an T ri n i ty - exc ept
thatthei gn oran tmon ks
ofthed arkages , n otun d ers tan d i n gtherefi n ed d oc tri n eof theE tern i ty ofM atter, an d , that d e-
s truc ti on
was on ly reprod uc ti on ,
d i v i d ed thethi rd pers on i n to two- the D es troy eran d R egen erator,
an d thereby , i n fac t, formed four G od s - theFather, theS on , theHoly G hos t, an d theD ev i l.
4.T hei mmed i ateori gi n ofthec ompletean d c orrec tChri s ti an T ri n i ty , ofthatpec uli ard oc tri n e
on whi c hallorthod oxpers on s s eemtothi n kthei rhappi n es s i n thi s li fe, as
wellas i n thatwhi c hi s
toc ome, ac tually d epen d s , wi lln owbeexhi bi ted on theun q ues ti on ableauthori ty of
amos tun -
wi lli n gwi tn es s , ofon eofthemos tlearn ed an d orthod oxof
i ts pri es ts - theR ev .M r .M auri c e .
S peaki n goftheT ri n i ty i n theorac les ofZoroas ter, hes ay s , " S i n c e, exc lus i v eoftheerrorof
BookIII
.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 4
1 1 9
` ~plac i n gP R IN CIP L E S for
HY P O S T AS E S , I
whi c hwas n aturalen oughto an un en li ghten ed P agan , i ti s

i mpos s i bleforlan guagetobemoreexpli c i tupon thes ubj ec tofad i v i n eT ri ad , ormorec on for-

mabletothelan guageofChri s ti an theologers
.
O i r&aaT p+xn lov a ; E 0 ri ,
T av an E O T i ov a ; n
E v o y ev v a.
" ` Wherethe patern almon ad i s ,
thatpatern almon ad ampli fi es i ts elf, an d gen erates ad uali ty .'
" T heword
aar~Ixrl,
orpatern al, hereaton c ed i s c ov ers tous thetwofi rs thy pos tas es , s i n c ei t
"
i s arelati v eterm, an d plai n ly i n d i c ates aS on
.T hepatern almon ad prod uc es ad uali ty , n otby
"
an ac tofc reati on , butby gen erati on , whi c hi s exac tly c on s on an ttothelan guageofChri s ti an i ty -

Afterd ec lari n gthatthed uad , thus gen erated , xae~T an , s i ts by themon ad , an d , s hi n i n gforth

wi thi n tellec tualbeams , gov ern s allthi n gs , thatremarkablean d often - c i ted pas s ageoc c urs
IIaY T s y ap E Y K oc g) XalaE L T pi n ;
' H
; O v a ; apxE i .
" `
Foratri ad ofD ei ty s hi n es forththroughoutthewholeworld , ofwhi c hamon ad i s thehead
." ' 2
T hus , afterd es c ri bi n gthe P AT E R N AL M O N AD ,
as hec alls i t, hed es c ri bes a D U AL IT Y , an d i ti s
c ertai n ly v ery remarkablethatthi s D U AL IT Y
i s n otprod uc ed by c reati on oreman ati on , butby
G E N E R AT IO N ;
an d i s s ai d to S IT by thes i d eofthe M O N AD , an d togov ern allthi n gs .Iti s i mpos -
s i bleafterread i n gthi s , n ottorec ollec ttheword s ofourc reed , i n whi c hthi s d oc tri n ei s c learly
expres s ed : " Begotten ofhi s Father ." " Begotten n otmad e
." " Hes i ttethon theri ghthan d

oftheFather ." " An d s hallc omeagai n , toj ud geboththeq ui c kan d thed ead
."
M r.M auri c ethen ad d s , "
In thev ery n exts ec ti on ofthes eorac les , remarkablefori ts s i n gular
" ti tleofHAT HP matN O T E , ortheFatheran d theM i n d , thatFatheri s expres s ly s ai d ` to
" ` perfec tallthi n gs , an d d eli v erthemov ertoN to
bE uT E pc u, ' thes ec on d M i n d ; whi c h, as Ihav e
obs erv ed i n theearly pages ofthi s d i s s ertati on , has been c on s i d ered as allus i v etothec harac ter
" ofthemed i atori alan d all- pres erv i n gM i thra ;
butc ould on ly ori gi n atei n theologi c alc on c epti on s
ofapurern ature, an d bed es c ri pti v eoftheoffi c ean d c harac terofahi gher M E D IAT O R , ev en the
" etern alAO T O Y , .T hewholeofthepas s agerun s thus
IIaY T a y ap
E 5 E T E XE Q? E IIAT HP , K aL N fl7 rapE aWK E
AE T T E P C1 , O Y 7 rpWT O Y K XE {~E T at7 raY ' Y E Y O ; av pWY .
" ` T hat S E CO N D M IN D , ' i ti s ad d ed , ' whomthen ati on s ofmen c ommon ly takeforthefi rs t .'

T hi s i s , d oubtles s , v ery s tron gly i n fav ourofthetwos uperi orpers on s i n theT ri n i ty ."
M r.M auri c egoes on tos hewthattheterm
s ec on d mi n d i s us ed , an d i s allus i v etothe all- pre-
s erv i n gM i thra
. Hethen ad d s , " T hefollowi n gpas s age, c i ted by P roc lus fromthes eorac les , i s
" n otles s i n d ubi tably d ec i s i v ei n regard tothe thi rd
s ac red hy pos tas i s , than theprec ed i n gpas -
" s ages i n regard tothe s ec on d
" M E T a as oraT pi xa
; O i av oi a ; 4' v % n E y WY aw
" E pn , % P v xs v aT aaav T a
.

T hati s , ` In ord ern exttothepatern alM i n d IP s y c hed wellwarm, an i mati n gallthi n gs .'
" T hus , afterobs erv i n gi n thefi rs ts ec ti on , theT ri ad or
T o O s i ov ,
thewholeG od head c ollec ti v ely
" d i s play ed , weherehav eeac hd i s ti n c t HY P O S T S IS s eparately an d c learly broughtbeforeourv i ew ."
T hi s almos talon eprov es thatthes eweren otc opi es fromtheChri s ti an d oc tri n es .Ac c ord i n gtotheauthors c i ted
bothby K i rc heran d S tan ley , thes eorac les wereori gi n ally wri tten i n theChald eelan guage, an d weretran s lated i n to
G reek
.M auri c e, In d .An t .Vol.IV.p .25 8 .
2 M aur.In d .An t
.Vol
.IV
.p .25 9 .
1 2 0 T heChri s ti an T ri n i ty - Its O ri gi n
An d thus , by thi s learn ed pri es t, 1 n otby me, thewholec orrec tChri s ti an T ri n i ty , wi thi ts v ari ous
HY P O S T AS E S , i s s hewn tohav eexi s ted i n thereli gi on ofM i thraan d theM agi , ages beforeChri s t
was born .
T herei s n own ores ourc elefttothepri es ts , buttod ec larethes eorac les ofZoroas ters puri ous ,
whi c hBi s hopS y n es i us , i n thefourthc en tury , c alled holy orac les . 2 ButM r .M auri c eprov i d es
agai n s tthi s , by i n formi n ghi s read er, thathehas on ly av ai led hi ms elfofs uc hpas s ages i n thes e
orac les as hav ebeen q uoted by s uc hmen as P orphy ry , D amas c i us , an d otherG reekwri ters
un fav ourabletoChri s ti an i ty , an d s uc has hav eamarked s i mi li tud etothean c i en tten ets ofIn d i a,
P ers i a, an d E gy pt
; 3 an d whi c h, therefore, c an n otbemod ern forgeri es .T heexi s ten c ei n thes e
orac les ofs uc hpas s ages as hav ebeen c i ted , i s , theauthorbeli ev es , theon ly c i rc ums tan c eoi l
whi c hthepri es ts hav ed etermi n ed thatthey ares puri ous .T hey hav es ai d , T hes epas s ages mus t
hav ebeen extrac ted fromthegos pelhi s tori es , thereforethebooks c on tai n i n gthemmus tbes puri -
ous . Itn ev eron c eoc c urred tothem, thatthegos pelhi s tori es mi ghtc opy fromtheorac les , or
thatthey mi ghthav ebothd rawn fromac ommon s ourc e .An d i tals on ev eroc c urred tothem,
thatthefac tofthei rq uotati on by old authors prov es thatthey mus thav eexi s ted beforethe
gos pels
.In poi n ti n goutthi s c i rc ums tan c eM r .M auri c ehas really greatmeri tforhi s c an d ouran d
hon es ty
.Ibeli ev etherearev ery fewpri es ts whowould n othav efoun d an exc us etothems elv es ,
foromi tti n gtopoi n toutthec on c lus i v ean d d amn i n gfac t
.
P lutarc h 4 s ay s ,
a
Zoroas teri s s ai d tohav emad e
a threefold d i s tri buti on ofthi n gs : tohav e
` c
as s i gn ed thefi rs tan d hi ghes tran ktoO romas d es , who, i n theorac les , i s c alled theFather .;
"
thelowes ttoAhri man es ; an d themi d d letoM i thras
; who, i n the s ameorac les , i s
c alled
` T oy
BeuT egov N gv , thes ec on d M i n d ." As M r
.M auri c es ay s , 5
P lutarc h, born i n thefi rs t
c en tury , c an n othav ec opi ed thi s fromaChri s ti an forgery .Bes i d es , heexpres s ly s ay s i ti s taken
fromtheorac les - herei n goi n gv ery fartoc on fi rmthegen ui n en es s oftheorac les ; i n d eed , heac -
tually d oes c on fi rmi t, i n thos eparts wheretheq uotati on s arefoun d .
T hi s d oc tri n eoftheorac les i s s ubs tan ti ally thes ameas thatofP lato .Itwas taken fromthe
Hy mn s ofO rpheus , whi c hwen owpos s es s , an d whi c hM r .P arkhurs tallows arethev ery s ame
thatwererev ered by thean c i en tG reeks as hi s , an d , as s uc h, wereus ed i n thei rs olemn c eremon i es .
Heprov es thi s by apas s agefromD emos then es . 6
In theP y thagorean an d P laton i c remai n s ,
wri tten lon gan teri ortotheChri s ti an s era, allthed ogmas ofChri s ti an i ty aretobefoun d
.Wi tn es s
the~~p
.i e~y os orZeus Bc otT eus ; theBetrrr os O eog, ors ec on d G od ; 6s u- rs goc N eg, ors ec on d
M i n d
; theM i O gas p.eo n T , ormed i atori alM i thra ; - an d
y s v v 7 ~ ros
O eog, orgen erated G od ,
begotten n otmad e .Agai n , thei uX' 7 xoop
.e, ors ouloftheworld ; i .e .the
rm
ruh ors pi ri tus ,
ofO s i ri s an d Brahma, i n loto arbores ed en te7 n s uperaq uam,
brood i n gon thewaters ofthed eep ;
the9 ei ogAoy og, ord i v i n eWord , v erbum, whi c hJes us an n oun c ed tohi s motherthathewas ,
i mmed i ately on hi s bi rth, as rec ord ed i n theG os pelofhi s In fan c y
. 7
U pon theL ogos , Bi s hopM ars h, i n hi s M i c haeli s , s ay s , " S i n c e, therefore, S t .John has ad opted
"
s ev eralotherterms whi c hwereus ed by theG n os ti c s , wemus tc on c lud ethathed eri v ed als o
~~thetermAoy os fromthes ames ourc e
.Ifi tbefurtheras ked , When c ed i d theG n os ti c s d eri v e
~~thi s us eoftheexpres s i on , ' WO R D ' ? I
an s wer, thatthey d eri v ed i tmos tprobably fromthe
~~O ri en talorZoroas tri an phi los ophy , fromwhi c hwas borrowed ac on s i d erablepartoftheM an i -
" c hean d oc tri n es
.In theZen d av es ta, wemeetwi thabei n gc alled I theWord , ' who
was n ot
I M auri c e, In d .An t . Vol.IV.p
.267 .

Y
Ibi d .p .262 .

3 Ibi d . p .29 1 .
4
D eIs i d eetO s i ri d e, p .37 0 .

s
Vol.IV.p .367 -
1
S eehi s n otei n v oc e
etv am, XI .

7 M aur .In d .S eep .Con fE pp .5 3

an d 1 39 .
BookIII
.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 4

1 21
" on ly pri ori n exi s ten c e, butgav ebi rthtoO rmuz d , thec reatorofgood
; an d toAhri man , the
" c reatorofev i l
.Iti s true, thattheworkwhi c hwehav eatpres en tun d ertheti tleofZen d av es ta,

i s n otthean c i en tan d gen ui n eZen d av es ta

;
y eti tc ertai n ly c on tai n s man y an c i en tan d gen ui n e
"
Zoroas tri an d oc tri n es
.Iti s s ai d , li kewi s e, thattheIn d i an phi los ophers hav ethei rAoy os ,

whi c h, ac c ord i n gtothei rd oc tri n es , i s thes ameas the

M ov oy ev n s ."
In reply tothi s , attempts wi llbemad etos hewthattheAoy os ofJohn i s d i fferen tfromthe
O ri en talL ogos : allmerei d le, un mean i n gv erbi age, fi ton ly forthos ed es c ri bed by E us ebi us , who
wi s htobed ec ei v ed : thed oc tri n es as wellas theterms are ori gi n ally
thes ame, i n d efi an c eofthe
i n gen ui ty ofwell- mean i n gd ev otees tohi d efromthems elv es thes ourc es when c ethey ared eri v ed .
T hev ari ati on i s n otgreaterthan mi ghtbeexpec ted fromc han geofplac e, oflan guage, an d laps e
ofti me
.
E us ebi us ac kn owled ges thatthed oc tri n es oftheChri s ti an s , as d es c ri bed i n thefi rs tc hapterof
John , areperfec tly ac c ord an twi ththos eoftheP laton i s ts , whoac c ed etoev ery thi n gi n i t, un ti l
they c ometothes en ten c e,
E tv erhun z tarofac tumes t.
T hi s s eems tobealmos ttheon ly poi n t
i n whi c hthetwos y s tems d i ffered
.T hephi los ophers c ould n otbri n gthems elv es tobeli ev ethat
theL ogos , i n thegros s an d li terals en s eoftheChri s ti an s , q ui tted thebos omofG od , toun d ergo
thes orrowfulan d d egrad i n gev en ts attri buted tohi m.T hi s appeared tothemtobead egrad ati on
oftheD ei ty
.E us ebi us allows , whatc an n otbed en i ed , thatthi s d oc tri n eexi s ted lon gan teri orto
P lato ;
an d thati tals omad epartofthed ogmas ofP hi loan d otherHebrewd oc tors .Hemi ght
hav ead d ed als o, had hekn own i t, ofthepri es ts ofE gy pt, an d ofthephi los ophers ofIn d i a .
T heori gi n ofthe v erbumtarofac tun z es t,
wes hallpres en tly fi n d i n theE as t
.Itwas n otn ew,
butprobably as old as theremai n d erofthes y s tem
.Its gros s n es s wellen oughs ui ted s uc hmen
as Jus ti n , P api as , an d Iren eus . I
Forthes amereas on thati ts ui ted them, i twas n ots ui tableto
s uc hmen as P latoan d P orphy ry .
In thed oc tri n es oftheHi n d oos an d P ers i an s , as i thas alread y been s tated , thethi rd pers on i n
theT ri n i ty i s c alled boththeD es troy eran d theR egen erator
.Althoughi n theChri s ti an T ri n i ty
the D es troy er i s los ts i ghtof, y etthe
R egen eratori s
foun d i n theHoly G hos t
.T hen eophi tei s
s ai d toberegen erate, orborn agai n , by mean s ofthi s holy s pi ri tus ormi n d
.P lutarc hs ay s , that
M i thras orO romas d es was freq uen tly taken forthe T o O ei ov ,
orwholed ei ty , an d thatM i thras i s
often c alled thes ec on d mi n d . " Whereupon heobs erv es , howgreatan agreemen ttherewas
" betwi xttheZoroas tri an an d theP laton i c T ri n i ty , they d i fferi n gi n aman n eron ly i n word s ! "
2
T hi s s ec on d mi n d i s ev i d en tly theHoly G hos toftheChri s ti an s , s oac c urately d es c ri bed abov ei n
theorac les ofZoroas ter, the
ri ll
ruh ofthes ec on d v ers eofG en es i s , whi c hmov ed , ormorec or-
rec tly brood ed , ( s eeFry ' s D i c ti on ary , ) upon thefac eofthewaters
.T hi s , i n s ac red wri t, i s often
c alled rrn i 1 1 ri ' Ieueruh,
or
rm
=, ,r 5 HAlei mruh . T heword s leuean d Alei mn otbei n gi n regi mi n e,
whi c hwould makei ttheS pi ri tofAlei m, orofJehov ah, butbei n gi n then omi n ati v ec as e, they
makei tthe Ieueruk or _4lei mruh .
T hefi gurei n theHi n d ooc av es ( whos ed atec an n otbed en i ed tobelon gan teri ortotheti meof
M os es ) ofthes ec on d pers on , Cri s tn a, hav i n ghi s footbi tten by thes erpen t, whos ehead hei s
brui s i n g, prov es theori gi n ofG en es i s .
T herec an ben olon geran y reas on abled oubtthati tc amefromIn d i a, an d as theChri s ti an T ri -
n i ty i s tobefoun d i n i ts fi rs tc hapter, i trai s es , wi thoutfurtherev i d en c e, as tron gpres umpti on
T hes e, theearly fathers ofChri s ti an i ty , beli ev ed , thatpers on s wererai s ed fromthed ead s api s s i me ; thatJes us
would c ome, beforethatgen erati on pas s ed away , torei gn upon earthforathous an d y ears ; an d , thatgi rls werefre-
q uen tly pregn an t by d emon s .
'
Cud worth, Booki .Ch .i v . p .28 9 .
1 2
2
M ac robi us on theT ri n i ty
that, thatals oc amefrom
In d i a . By theword p' r
i
Alei m, the
z o O etov ,
or
wholeD ei ty , or
Chri s ti an T ri n i ty , i s mean t
. By theword rv wlr ras i t, the fi rs t E man ati on orE on , Wi s d omor
theL ogos Is mean t, an d by theword rn , ruh, theS pi ri tofG od , the
s ec on d mi n d , thes ec on d
eman ati on , the thi rd
pers on i n theT ri n i ty i s mean t- formi n galtogetherthewholeG od head , three
pers on s an d on e G od .
5
.M ac robi us , i n hi s Commen tary on theD reamofS c i pi o, ( aworkofCi c ero' s , ) whi c hheex-
plai n s by thegreatpri n c i ples ofthephi los ophy oftheP y thagorean s an d P laton i s ts , has gi v en i n
thec leares tman n er, i n hi s ac c oun toftheT ri n i ty oftheG en ti les , ad es c ri pti on oftheT ri ad or
T ri n i ty oftheorthod ox, - thetri pled i s ti n c ti on ofG od theFather,
ofhi s L ogos , an d oftheS pi -
ri tus , wi thafi li ati on s i mi lartothatwhi c hexi s ts i n thetheology of theChri s ti an s , an d an i d eaof
thei run i ty i n s eparablefromthatoftheCreator . . Its eems , i n read i n gi t, as i fwewereli s ten -
i n gtoaChri s ti an D oc tor, whowas teac hi n gus howtheS pi ri tus proc eed s , an d theS on i s en gen -
d ered fromtheFather, an d howthey bothremai n etern ally attac hed totheP atern alun i ty , n ot-
wi ths tan d i n gthei rac ti on on thei n tellec tualan d v i s i bleworld . T hefollowi n gi s i n s ubs tan c e
whatM ac robi us s ay s .' T hi s learn ed theologi an d i s ti n gui s hes fi rs t, afterP lato, theG od S upreme,
thefi rs tG od , whomhec alls wi ththeG reekphi los ophers T ' Ay aO ov , theG ood , parexc ellen c e, the
Fi rs tCaus e . Heplac es afterward hi s L ogos , hi s i n telli gen c e, whi c hhec alls M en s i n L ati n , an d
N es i n G reek, 2 whi c hc on tai n s theori gi n ali d eas ofthi n gs , or the i d eas - i n telli gen c eborn an d
prod uc ed fromtheS upremeG od . Head d s , thatthey areabov ethehuman reas on , an d c an n ot
bec omprehen d ed butby i mages an d s i mi li tud es . T hus , abov ethec orporealbei n gormatter,
ei therc eles ti alorterres tri al, hees tabli s hes thed i v i n i ty , ofwhi c h_hed i s ti n gui s hes threed egrees ,
D eus , M en s , an d S pi ri tus . G od , s ay s he, has en gen d ered fromhi ms elfby thes uperabun d an t
fec un d i ty ofhi s M aj es ty , Hen s orM i n d , wi ththeG reeks N es or Aooos . M ac robi us then d e-
s c ri bes an i mmen s egrad uated c hai n ofbei n gs , c ommen c i n gwi ththeFi rs tCaus e, tobeborn or
prod uc ed fromi ts elf . Hes ay s thatthethreefi rs tli n ks ofthi s i mmen s ec hai n aretheFather, hi s
L ogos ,
N es , M en s , an d An i ma
or
S pi ri tus M un d i
; or, i n theChri s ti an phras eology , theFather,
S on , an d Holy S pi ri t, thepri n c i ples ofallthi n gs , an d plac ed abov eallc reated bei n gs . Afterthi s
hegoes on toexplai n , i n exac tChri s ti an s ty leoflan guage, theman n eri n whi c htheS pi ri t pro-
c eed s , an d i n whi c htheS on i s begotten - en gen d ered by theFather . Ifatri fli n gd i fferen c ec an be
d i s c ov ered between thed oc tri n eoftheP agan M ac robi us an d thatof theorthod oxChri s ti an , i ti s
n ots ogreatas thatwhi c hmay bemetwi thbetween thed oc tri n es oropi n i on s of d i fferen ts ec ts of
ev en orthod oxChri s ti an s upon thi s s ubj ec t . S urely agreaterres emblan c en eed n otbed es i red
between theP laton i c an d Chri s ti an T ri n i ti es .
U pon theT ri n i ty ofP lato, M .D upui s obs erv es , thatallthes eabs trac ti d eas , an d thes es ubd i v i -
s i on s ofthefi rs t U n i ty , aren otn ew ; thatP latoi s n ottheauthorofthem; thatP armen i d es
beforehi mhad d es c ri bed them
;
thatthey exi s ted lon gan teri ortoP lato ; thatthi s phi los opher
had learn ed themi n E gy ptan d thes c hools oftheE as t, as they mi ght
bes een i n thewri ti n gs of
M erc ury T ri s megi s tus an d Jambli c us , whi c hc on tai n as ummary ofthetheology oftheE gy pti an s ,
an d as i mi lartheory ofabs trac ti on s , M ars i li us Fi c i n us has wellobs erv ed , thatthes y s temof
threepri n c i ples ofthetheology ofZoroas teran d theP laton i c i an s , had thegreates ts i mi lari ty wi th
thos eoftheChri s ti an s , an d thatthelatterphi los ophy was foun d ed upon theformer
.
Hemi ght
hav es ai d , thati twas n oton ly s i mi lar, buti n reali ty thes ame .T hec uri ous read erwi lld owellto
c on s ultthebeauti fulan d lumi n ous es s ay ofM
.D upui s , S urtoes les Cultes , on thi s s ubj ec t ; he
wi llfi n d hi ms elfamply repai d forhi s trouble .
' M ac rob .S om.S c i p .L i b .i .Cap .i i .- v i .

2
Heb .R uai t, Wi s d om.
BookIII . C h a p t e r II- I
. S e c t i on 6
1 2 3
F or p r oof s t h a t t h e G r e c i a n s w or s h i p e d a T r i n i t y i n
U n i t y , t h e r e a d e r m a y c on s u l t t h e C l a s s i c a l
J ou r n a l , V ol . IV . P . 8 9 . It i s t h e r e s h e w n t h a t t h e i r T r i n i t y w a s t h e J U P IT ER
( t h a t i s , t h e Ia o)
MAC HINAT OR
.
S p e a ki n g of t h e d oc t r i n e of t h e C h a l d e a n s , T h om a s Bu r n e t s a y s ,
1
"
In p r i m a or d i n e e s t S u -
" p r e m a T RIAS . S i c p h i l os op h a t u r P s e l l u s . "T h ou g h h e g i ve s n oa c c ou n t of w h a t t h i s T r i a s
c on s i s t e d , t h e r e i s n ot m u c h r oom t od ou b t t h a t i t w a s t h e Hi n d oo, Z or oa s t r i a n , P l a t on i c T r i a d
.
Me r c u r y w a s c a l l e d T r i c e p s ; Ba c c h u s T r i a m b u s ; D i a n a T r i f or m i s ;
a n d He c a t e T e r g e m i n a .
T e r g e m i n a m q u e He c a t e m , t r i a vi r g i n i s or a D i a n a ?
2
; n T EIP Aoc c u r s a s a t i t l e of D i a n a on t h e b r a s s c oi n s of Ag a t h oc l e s . 3
P l u t a r c h 4 s a y s ,
a t o xa i Mi Op ' ~ v IIe p T a i T OY
Me 6 1 T ~ v e vo [ t a 4 e o : .
Or p h e u s a l s oc a l l s Ba c c h u s
Mu r
,
~ g Me d i a t or , t h e s a m e a s Mi t h r a of t h e P e r s i a n s
. 5 P r os e r p i n e b a d t h r e e h e a d s
; t h e T r i g l a f
of t h e V a n d a l s h a d a l s ot h r e e h e a d s ;
a n d Mi t h r a s w a s c a l l e d T QIi r ? w r i os .
T h e T r i m u r t i w a s t h e T r i m i g h t y of t h e S a xon s , t h e T r i m e g a s of t h e G r e e ks , a n d t h e T e r - m a g -
n u s of t h e L a t i n s .
6
T h e T r i n i t y i s e q u a l l y f ou n d a m on g s t t h e D r u i d s of Ir e l a n d i n t h e i r T a u l a c
F e n Mol l oc h .
7
Na va r e t t e , i n h i s a c c ou n t of C h i n a , s s a y s ,
"
T h i s s e c t ( of F oe ) h a s a n ot h e r i d ol t h e y c a l l
" S ANP AO.
It c on s i s t s of t h r e e , e q u a l i n a l l r e s p e c t s . T h i s , w h i c h h a s b e e n r e p r e s e n t e d a s a n
"
i m a g e of t h e m os t b l e s s e d T r i n i t y , i s e xa c t l y t h e s a m e w i t h t h a t w h i c h i s on t h e h i g h a l t a r of
"
t h e m on a s t e r y of t h e T r i n i t a r i a n s a t Ma d r i d
. If a n y C h i n e s e w h a t s oe ve r s a w i t , h e w ou l d s a y
" t h e S ANP AO
of h i s c ou n t r y w a s w or s h i p e d i n t h e s e p a r t s . " 9
Im u s t n ow b e g m y r e a d e r t ot u r n t oBookI . C h a p t e r II . S e c t
. 4 , a n d r e a d w h a t Ih a ve t h e r e
s a i d r e s p e c t i n g t h e m a t e r i a l or P a n t h e i s t i c T r i n i t y , e n d e a vou r e d t ob e f i xe d u p on P l a t oa n d t h e Or -
p h i c a n d Or i e n t a l p h i l os op h e r s , a n d It h i n kh e m u s t b e p e r f e c t l y s a t i s f i e d of t h e i m p r ob a b i l i t y t h a t
t h e p e r s on s w h oh e l d t h e r e f i n e d a n d b e a u t i f u l s y s t e m w h i c h Ih a ve d e ve l op e d , c ou l d e ve r h a ve
e n t e r t a i n e d a b e l i e f t h a t t h e S u n , t h e Moon , a n d t h e Ea r t h , w e r e t h e c r e a t or s or f or m e r s of t h e m -
s e l ve s .
6
. As t h e w h ol e , or n e a r l y t h e w h ol e , of t h e c e r e m on i e s of t h e J e w s w e r e b or r ow e d f r om t h e i r
G e n t i l e n e i g h b ou r s , i t w ou l d b e ve r y e xt r a or d i n a r y i f t h e i r m os t i m p or t a n t d oc t r i n e of t h e T r i n i t y
h a d n ot b e e n f ou n d i n t h e J e w i s h r e l i g i on . Is h a l l , t h e r e f or e , a d d s e ve r a l m or e a u t h or i t i e s t o
t h os e a l r e a d y l a i d b e f or e m y r e a d e r , i n BookII . C h . II. S e c t . 5 , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t h a t of t h e c e l e -
b r a t e d P h i l o
.
Mr . Ma u r i c e 1 0 s a y s , t h a t t h e f i r s t t h r e e s e p h i r ot h of t h e J e w i s h c a b a l a c on s i s t of f i r s t
t h e
Om n i p ot e n t F a t h e r
; s e c on d D i vi n e Wi s d om ; a n d t h i r d t h e Bi n a h
or He a ve n l y In t e l l i g e n c e ,
w h e n c e t h e Eg y p t i a n s h a d t h e i r C NEP H, a n d P l a t oh i s
Ne s
a vm e e y os .
Bu t t h i s d e m i ou r g os
i s s u p p os e d t ob e t h e C r e a t or , a s w e h a ve b e f or e s e e n t h a t h e m u s t n e c e s s a r i l y b e , i f h e b e t h e
D e s t r oy e r
. T h u s s om e of t h e e a r l y C h r i s t i a n s c on f ou n d i n g t h e s e f i n e m e t a p h y s i c a l d i s t i n c t i on s ,
a n d a t a l os s h ow t oa c c ou n t f or t h e or i g i n of e vi l , s u p p os e d t h e w or l d t ob e c r e a t e d b y a w i c ke d
d e m i ou r g os . T h e c on f u s i on a r i s i n g f r om t h e d e s c r i p t i on of
t h r e e i n on e , a n d on e
i n t h r e e - t h e
c om m u n i t y of P e r s on s a n d u n i t y of Es s e n c e - t h e a d m i t t e d m y s t e r i ou s n a t u r e of t h e T r i n i t y , a n d
t h e d i f f i c u l t y , b y m e a n s of c om m on l a n g u a g e , of e xp l a i n i n g a n d of r e c on c i l i n g t h i n g s a p p a r e n t l y
i r r e c on c i l a b l e , m a y n e ve r t h e l e s s b e e a s i l y a c c ou n t e d f or . On t h e s u b je c t of t h e D e s t r oy e r Mr
.
' C a p . i v . p . 2 9 .

s
L n e i d , i v. 5 1 1 ; Ma u r . Hi n d . An t . V ol . IV . p . 2 3 8 ; P a r kh u r s t , p . 3 4 7 .
3
P a y n e K n i g h t , Es s a y , G r . Al .
S e c t . v . p . 1 0 5 .

* D e Is i d e e t Os i r i d e , p . 4 3 .
S
S t u ke l e y , P a l a e og . S a c . No. I. p . 5 4 .

6
D ' An c a r vi l l e , p . 9 5 .

7 S e e C e l t i c D r u i d s , C h . v . S e c t . xi x
. ,
8
Booki i . C h . x . , a n d Bookvi . C h . xi .

'
P a r kh u r s t , p
. 3 4 8 .
1 0 Hi n d
. An t . V ol . IV . p p . 1 8 3 , 1 8 4 .
1 2 4
Ma u r i c e s a y s , 1 " Im u s t a g a i n r e p e a t , t h a t i t w ou l d b e , i n t h e h i g h e s t d e g r e e , a b s u r d t oc on t i n u e
"
t oa f f i xt h e n a m e of D e s t r oy e r , t ot h e i r t h i r d h y p os t a s i s i i i t h e t r i a d , "w h e n i t i s n ot or i ou s , t h a t

t h e Br a h m i n s d e n y t h a t a n y t h i n g c a n b e d e s t r oy e d , a n d i n s i s t t h a t a c h a n g e a l on e , i n t h e f or m

of ob je c t s a n d t h e i r m od e of e xi s t e n c e , t a ke s p l a c e . On e f e a t u r e , t h e r e f or e , i n t h a t c h a r a c t e r ,
" h os t i l e t oou r s y s t e m , u p on s t r i c t e xa m i n a t i on , va n i s h e s . "He t h e n s ke w s , f r om t h e S e p h i r
J e t zi r a h , t h a t t h e t h r e e s u p e r i or s e p h i r ot h s of t h e J e w i s h c a b a l a w e r e i n va r i a b l y c on s i d e r e d b y
t h e a n c i e n t J e w s
i n a ve r y d i f f e r e n t l i g h t f r om t h e ot h e r s e ve n ;
t h a t t h e f i r s t t h r e e w e r e r e g a r d e d
a s P ERS ONAL IT IES ,
b u t t h e l a s t s e ve n on l y a s a t t r i b u t e s . 3
Ra b b i S i m e on Be n J oc h a i
4
s a y s , "
C om e a n d s e e t h e m y s t e r y of t h e w or d El oh i m : t h e r e a r e
"
t h r e e d e g r e e s ,
a n d e a c h d e g r e e b y i t s e l f a l on e , a n d y e t , n ot w i t h s t a n d i n g , t h e y a r e a l l on e , a n d
"joi n e d t og e t h e r
i n on e , a n d c a n n ot b e d i vi d e d f r om e a c h ot h e r . "T h i s c om p l e t e l y ju s t i f i e s
w h a t Ih a ve f or m e r l y s a i d , r e s p e c t i n g t h e w or d s 5 m
a l a n d
=1 , H
a l e i m ,
h a vi n g a r e f e r e n c e t ot h e
T r i n i t y .
P r i e s t l e y s a y s , "
Bu t P h i l o, t h e J e w , w e n t b e f or e t h e C h r i s t i a n s i n t h e p e r s on i f i c a t i on of t h e
"
L og os , a n d i n t h i s m od e of i n t e r p r e t i n g w h a t i s s a i d of i t i n t h e Ol d T e s t a m e n t . F or h e c a l l s
"
t h i s d i vi n e w or d a s e c on d G od , a n d s om e t i m e s a t t r i b u t e s t h e c r e a t i on of t h e w or l d t ot h i s s e c on d
"
G od , t h i n ki n g i t b e l ow t h e m a je s t y of t h e g r e a t G od h i m s e l f
. He a l s oc a l l s t h i s p e r s on i f i e d
" a t t r i h -
~ or oy ovoc , or h i s f i r s t b or n , a n d t h e i m a g e of G od
. He s a y s t h a t h e i s
" n e i t )
4 , n or b e g ot t e n , a s w e a r e , b u t t h e m i d d l e b e t w e e n t h e t w oe xt r e m e s .
"W-
p a r a p h r a s t s of t h e Ol d T e s t a m e n t of t e n r e n d e r t h e w or d of G od ,
G od , or s om e a n g e l w h ob or e t h e n a m e of G od , a n d a c t e d b y
c c
i
P h i l o' s T r i n i t y of t h e J e w s
b , -
a s c or r e
h e l d t h e
w a s a J e
w e h a ve a
f i n d h i m m a ,
n e a r e s t n e i g h L ,
s h e w n , t h a t t h e y t , .
t a u g h t b y P h i l oa f f or d
Of Or p h e u s , w h oi s s a i ,
i s kn ow n . Bu t D a m a s c i u s ,
t h i n g s a c q u a i n t s u s , t h a t Or ,
P l a t on i c p h i l os op h y a b ove d e s c r i b e d .
Of t h i s p e r s on Mr . P a y n e K n i g i .
" ob s c u r e d b y f a b l e , t h a t i t i s i m p os s i L

a p p e a r s t oh a ve b e e n a T h r a s i a n , a n d t o
" vi z . p l u r a l i t y of w or l d s , a n d t h e t r u e S L
" f r om a n y p e op l e of w h i c h h i s t or y h a s p i

w h om s c i e n c e h a d m a d e s u c h a p r og r e s s , t h a t
"
s oc on t r a d i c t or y t ot h e e vi d e n c e of u n i m p r ove d s e n s e ,
"h i l oP l a t on i ze d or w a s a P l a t on i s t . T ob e s u r e h e w a s ;
Is m , w a s t h e s a m e a s P l a t on i s m
. It w ou l d h a ve b e e n
He b r a i ze d : f or a s i t i s e vi d e n t t h a t t h e Is r a e l i t e s
l i ke l y f or h i m t oob t a i n i t a s f r om t h e m ? P h i l o
h i g h e s t r e s p e c t a b i l i t y ;
t h e ve r y m a n t ow h om
' .
e r i c a n d e xot e r i c of t h e Is r a e l i t e s : a n d w e
Or i e n t a l T r i n i t y - d oc t r i n e s h e l d b y t h e
' + - S t ,
a n d f r om w h om Mr
. S p e n c e r h a s
i n t e n d , t h e r e f or e , t h a t t h e d oc t r i n e s
, l s o
t h e d oc t r i n e s of t h e J e w s .
' - i n i t y i n t oG r e e c e , ve r y l i t t l e
h i c t h e ol og y , a m on g ot h e r
D e i t y .
6
T h i s w a s t h e
1
.
Or p h e u s i s s oc on f u s e d , a n d
i n f or m a t i on c on c e r n i n g h i m
. He
p h i l os op h y a n d r e l i g i on i n t oG r e e c e
;
, r c ou l d h e h a ve g a i n e d t h i s kn ow l e d g e
i d a n y m e m or i a l
:
f or w e kn ow of n on e a m on g
a t r u t h s or e m ot e f r om c om m on ob s e r va t i on , a n d
w ou l d n ot h a ve b e e n r e je c t e d , a s i t w a s

V ol . IV . p
. 3 8 8 .
s
He h e r e a l l u d e s t ot h e Hi n d oos .
3 Ma u r . In d
. An t . V ol . IV . p . 1 8 2 .

C om m e n t . on t h e 6 t h S e c
. of L e vi t i c u s .
a
P r i e s t i e y , C or . C h r i s t . S e c t . i i .
6 Ma u r . In d . An t . V ol . IV , p . 3 3 6 .

7 On P r i a p u s , vi d e n ot e , p . 3 3 .
BookIII . C h a p t e r II . S e c t i on 2

1 2 5

b y a l l t h e s e c t s of G r e e kp h i l os op h e r s , e xc e p t t h e P y t h a g or e a n s , w h or a t h e r r e ve r e d i t a s a n

a r t i c l e of f a i t h , t h a n u n d e r s t ood i t a s a d i s c ove r y of s c i e n c e
.
"T h r a c e w a s c e r t a i n l y i n h a b i t e d b y a c i vi l i ze d n a t i on a t s om e r e m ot e p e r i od
; f or w h e n P h i l i p
"of Ma c e d on op e n e d t h e g ol d m i n e s i n t h a t c ou n t r y , h e f ou n d t h a t t h e y h a d b e e n w or ke d b e f or e
"w i t h g r e a t e xp e n s e a n d i n g e n u i t y , b y AP EOP L EWEL L V ERS ED INMEC HANIC S , OF WHOMNO

MEMORIAL S WHAT EV ERAREEXT ANT . "It h i n km e m or i a l s of t h e s e p e op l e m a y b e f ou n d i n

t h e P y r a m i d s , S t on e h e n g e , t h e w a l l s of T y r y n s , a n d t h e T r e a s u r y of Me s s i n a
.
7
. T h e f ol l ow i n g e xt r a c t f r om Mr . F a b e r ' s w or kon t h e Or i g i n of He a t h e n Id ol a t r y , e xh i b i t s a
p r e t t y f a i r p r oof h ow ve r y g e n e r a l w a s t h e a n c i e n t d oc t r i n e of t h e T r i n i t y a m on g t h e G e n t i l e s
: -
"Am on g t h e Hi n d oos w e h a ve t h e t r i a d of '

V i s t n ou - S i va , s p r i n g i n g f r om t h e m on a d

Br a h m : a n d i t i s a c kn ow l e d g e d , t h a t t h e s ka e s a p p e a r u p on e a r t h a t t h e c om m e n c e m e n t
"of e ve r y n e w w or l d , i n t h e h u m a n f or m a a n d h i s t h r e e s on s
. Am on g t h e vot a r i e s of
~ `Bu d d h a w e f i n d t h e s e l f - t r i p l i c a t e d Bu y - b a r e d t ob e t h e s a m e a s t h e Hi n d ooT r i m u r t i
.
"Am on g t h e Bu d d h i c s e c t of t h e J a i r h a ve t h e t r i p l e J i n a , i n w h om t h e T r i m u r t i i s
"s i m i l a r l y d e c l a r e d t ob e i n c a r n a t e
. P

e C h i n e s e , w h ow or s h i p Bu d d h a u n d e r t h e n a m e of
F o, w e s t i l l f i n d t h i s G od m y s t e r , u l t i p l i e d i n t ot h r e e p e r s on s , c or r e s p on d i n g w i t h t h e
"t h r e e s on s of F o- h i , w h oi s e vi d e ) a h
. Am on g t h e T a r t a r s of t h e h ou s e of J a p h e t , w h o
"c a r r i e d of f i n t ot h e i r Nor t h e r n s ' a n t s t h e s a m e a n c i e n t w or s h i p , w e f i n d e vi d e n t t r a c e s of a
"s i m i l a r op i n i on i n t h e f i g u r e '

t r i p l e G od s e a t e d on t h e L ot os , a s e xh i b i t e d on t h e f a m ou s
S i b e r i a n m e d a l i n t h e i m p e r `
. i l e c t i on a t P e t e r s b u r g h
: a n d i f s u c h a m od e of r e p r e s e n t a t i on
"r e q u i r e d t ob e e l u c i d a t e ' s h ou l d h a ve t h e e xp os i t i on f u r n i s h e d u s i n t h e d oc t r i n e of t h e
"J a ku t h i T a r t a r s , w h o
. d i n g t oS t r a h r e m b e r g , a r e t h e m os t n u m e r ou s p e op l e of S i b e r i a
"f or t h e s e i d ol a t e r s

i p a t r i p l i c a t e d d e i t y u n d e r t h e t h r e e d e n om i n a t i on s of Ar t u g on , a n d
S c h u g o- t a n g on
. . a n g a r a . T h i s T a r t a r g od i s t h e s a m e e ve n i n a p p e l l a t i on w i t h t h e T a n g a
"T a n g a of t h
. . vi a n s : w h o, l i ke t h e ot h e r t r i b e s of Am e r i c a , s e e m p l a i n l y t oh a ve c r os s e d
"ove r f r o- S or t h - e a s t e r n e xt r e m i t y of S i b e r i a
. Ag r e e a b l y t ot h e m y s t i c a l n ot i on s of a m i l i a r
"t ot 1 d oos , t h a t t h e s e l f - t r i p l i c a t e d g r e a t F a t h e r y e t r e m a i n e d b u t on e i n e s s e n c e , t h e
"P

i s s u p p os e d t h e i r T a n g a - t a n g a t ob e on e i n t h r e e , a n d t h r e e i n on e
: a n d i n c on s e q u e n c e
e u n i on of He r ow or s h i p w i t h t h e a s t r on om i c a l a n d m a t e r i a l s y s t e m s of i d ol a t r y , t h e y ve n e -
r a t e d t h e s u n a n d t h e a i r , e a c h u n d e r t h r e e i m a g e s a n d t h r e e n a m e s . T h e s a m e op i n i on s
"e q u a l l y p r e va i l e d t h r ou g h ou t t h e n a t i on s w h i c h l i e t ot h e We s t of Hi n d os t a n
. T h u s t h e
"P e r s i a n s h a d t h e i r Or m u s d , Mi t h r a s , Ia n d Ah r i m a n
: or , a s t h e m a t t e r w a s s om e t i m e s r e p r e -
"s e n t e d , t h e i r s e l f - t r i p l i c a t i n g Mi t h r a s
. T h e S y r i a n s h a d t h e i r Mon i m u s , Azi za n d Ar e s
. T h e
"Eg y p t i a n s h a d t h e i r Em e p h , Ei c t on , a n d P h t h a
. T h e G r e e ks a n d Rom a n s h a d t h e i r J u p i t e r ,
"Ne p t u n e , a n d P l u t o
; t h r e e i n n u m b e r t h ou g h on e i n e s s e n c e , a n d a l l s p r i n g i n g f r om C r on u s , a
"f ou r t h , y e t ol d e r G od
. T h e C a n a a n i t e s h a d t h e i r Ba a l - S p a l i s h a or s e l f - t r i p l i c a t e d Ba a l
. T h e
"G ot h s h a d t h e i r Od i n , V i l e , a n d V e
: w h oa r e d e s c r i b e d a s t h e t h r e e s on s of Bu r a , t h e of f s p r i n g
"of t h e m y s t e r i ou s c ow
. An d t h e C e l t s h a d t h e i r t h r e e b u l l s , ve n e r a t e d a s t h e l i vi n g s y m b ol s of
"t h e t r i p l e Hu or Me n u
. T ot h e s a m e c l a s s w e m u s t a s c r i b e t h e t r i a d s of t h e Or p h i c a n d

P y t h a g or e a n a n d P l a t on i c s c h ool s : e a c h of w h i c h m u s t a g a i n b e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e . i m p e r i a l

t r i a d of t h e ol d C h a l d a i c or Ba b y l on i a n p h i l os op h y
. T h i s l a s t , a c c or d i n g t ot h e a c c ou n t w h i c h i s

g i ve n of i t b y D a m a s c i u s , w a s a t r i a d s h i n i n g t h r ou g h ou t t h e w h ol e w or l d , ove r w h i c h p r e s i d e s a
"Mon a d
. "2
IV os s
. , d e Or i g . e t P r og . Id ol . L i b . i i . C a p . i x . , s a y s , t h a t t h e w or d Mi t h e r , i n P e r s i a n , m e a n s L or d , t h a t Mi t h r a s
i s d e r i ve d f r om Mi t h e r . AMe d i a t or i s c a l l e d Mi t h r a s i n P e r s i a n . Mi t h r a s a l s om e a n s l ove , p i t y
.
s Bookvi
. C h . i i . p . 4 7 0 .
1 2 6

Ob s e r va t i on s on t h e D oc t r i n e T h a t D e s t r u c t i on Is Re g e n e r a t i on
Ag a i n h e s a y s , "
T ot h e g r e a t T r i a d of t h e G e n t i l e s , t h u s s p r i n g i n g f r om a Mon a d , w a s a s c r i b e d
" t h e c r e a t i on of t h e w or l d , or r a t h e r i t s r e n ova t i on a f t e r e a c h i n t e r ve n i n g d e l u g e . It w a s l i ke w i s e
"
s u p p os e d t ob e t h e g ove r n i n g p ow e r a n d t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s ou l of t h e u n i ve r s e . In s h or t , a l l t h e
"
a t t r i b u t e s of D e i t y w e r e p r of a n e l y a s c r i b e d t oi t . T h i s h a s l e d m a n y t oi m a g i n e t h a t t h e
"P a g a n s d i d f u n d a m e n t a l l y w or s h i p t h e t r u e G od , a n d t h a t e ve n f r om t h e m os t r e m ot e a n t i q u i t y
t h e y ve n e r a t e d t h e T r i n i t y i n U n i t y
. " 1
T h u s i t i s e vi d e n t , f r om t h e Re v . Mr . F a b e r ' s a d m i s s i on , t h a t a Be i n g c a l l e d a T r i n i t y , t h r e e
p e r s on s a n d on e G od , w a s w or s h i p e d b y a l l t h e a n c i e n t n a t i on s of t h e e a r t h . He ve r y p r op e r l y
s a y s t ot h e s a m e c l a s s w e m u s t a s c r i b e t h e t r i a d s of t h e Or p h i c , P y t h a g or e a n , a n d P l a t on i c s c h ool s
.
T h e s c h ool of P l a t oh a s b e e n g e n e r a l l y l ooke d t of or t h e or i g i n of t h e C h r i s t i a n T r i n i t y , b u t , a s
w e h a ve s e e n , i t w ou l d b e m or e c or r e c t t ol ookt ot h e or a c l e s of Z or oa s t e r
. C h r i s t i a n i t y m a y h a ve
d r a w n f r om P l a t on i s m , b u t t h e r e c a n b e n od ou b t t h a t P l a t oh a d d r a w n f r om t h e or a c l e s of t h e
Ea s t . T h e S e c on d Mi n d , or t h e Re g e n e r a t or , c or r e c t l y t h e Hol y G h os t , w a s i n t h e or a c l e s of
Z or oa s t e r , a n d w i l l b e s h e w n t oh a ve b e e n i n t h e b a p t i s m a l s e r vi c e of t h e Ma g i
. An d " t h e m a n y "
t ow h om Mr
. F a b e r a l l u d e s , a s b e l i e vi n g t h a t t h e G e n t i l e s ve n e r a t e d t h e T r i n i t y i n U n i t y , b e l i e ve d
w h a t w a s p e r f e c t l y t r u e
. T h e r e c a n b e n od ou b t t h a t t h e He a t h e n s a d or e d t h e T r i n i t y b e f or e
t h e C h r i s t i a n s , a n d d i d n ot c op y i t f r om C h r i s t i a n i t y . If e i t h e r c op i e d , t h e C h r i s t i a n s m u s t h a ve
c op i e d f r om t h e i r He a t h e n p r e d e c e s s or s
. Bu t a l l t h i s h a s a s t r on g t e n d e n c y t op r ove , t h a t w h a t
Am m on i u s S a c c a s s a i d w a s t r u e , n a m e l y , t h a t t h e r e l i g i on s of t h e C h r i s t i a n s a n d t h e G e n t i l e s w e r e
t h e s a m e , w h e n s t r i p p e d of t h e m e r e t r i c i ou s or n a m e n t s w i t h w h i c h t h e c r a f t of p r i e s t s h a d l oa d e d
t h e m .
8 . Be f or e Iq u i t t h e s u b je c t of t h e P e r s i a n d oc t r i n e s i t m a y n ot b e i r r e l e va n t a g a i n t oob s e r ve ,
t h a t t h e a n c i e n t p h i l os op h e r s , m e d i t a t i n g u p on t h e n a t u r e of t h e u n i ve r s e , a n d c on f i n i n g t h e i r
t h e or i e s a n d s y s t e m s t ot h e kn ow l e d g e w h i c h t h e y d e r i ve d f r om e xp e r i e n c e or t h r ou g h t h e m e d i u m
of t h e i r s e n s e s , t h e on l y m od e b y w h i c h kn ow l e d g e or i d e a s c a n b e a c q u i r e d , d i s c ove r e d t h a t t h e y
h a d n oe xp e r i e n c e of t h e d e s t r u c t i on of m a t t e r ; t h a t w h e n i t a p p e a r s t ot h e s u p e r f i c i a l ob s e r ve r
t ob e d e s t r oy e d , i t h a s on l y c h a n g e d i t s m od e of e xi s t e n c e ; t h a t w h a t w e c a l l d e s t r u c t i on , i s on l y
r e p r od u c t i on or r e g e n e r a t i on
. On t h i s a c c ou n t i t i s t h a t w e a l w a y s f i n d t h e D e s t r oy e r u n i t e d w i t h
t h e C r e a t or , a n d a l s ow i t h t h e P r e s e r ve r or S a vi ou r , a s on e p e r s on
. U p on t h i s c u r i ou s p h i l os o-
p h i c a l a n d ve r y t r u e p r i n c i p l e , a n i n f i n i t e va r i e t y of f i c t i on s h a ve b e e n i n ve n t e d , b y t h e s p or t i ve
g e n i u s of p oe t s , or t h e c r a f t of p r i e s t s . Bu t t h e s i m p l e p h i l os op h i c a l p r i n c i p l e w a s a t t h e b ot t om
of t h e m a l l ; a n d i t w a s t h a t on l y w h i c h p h i l os op h e r s b e l i e ve d . G od on l y kn ow s w h i t h e r t h e
va n i t y of t h e m od e r n s h a s c a r r i e d t h e m , or w i l l c a r r y t h e m ; b u t t h e a n c i e n t s c on f i n e d t h e i r
w i s d om or kn ow l e d g e , i n t h i s i n s t a n c e a t l e a s t , w i t h i n t h e c om p a s s of t h e i r i d e a s - t h e l i m i t
of r e a l kn ow l e d g e ; a n d a s , i n t h e i r p r e s e n t s t a t e of e xi s t e n c e , t h e y c ou l d n ot r e c e i ve t h e i d e a of
t h e a n n i h i l a t i on of m a t t e r t h r ou g h t h e m e d i u m of t h e s e n s e s , t h e y c ou l d n ot f or m a n i d e a of i t a t
a l l ; a n d c on s e q u e n t l y c ou l d n ot r e c e i ve a s a n a r t i c l e of f a i t h t h a t of w h i c h t h e y m u s t n e c e s s a r i l y
r e m a i n i n p r of ou n d i g n or a n c e . Ma t t e r m i g h t b e c r e a t e d f r om n ot h i n g , or i t m i g h t n ot b e c r e a t e d ;
t h e i r s e n s e s t ol d t h e m i t e xi s t e d ; b u t t ot h e m i t w a s u n kn ow n w h e t h e r i t h a d e ve r n ot e xi s t e d ;
a n d t h e y d i d n ot p r e t e n d t od e c i d e , a s a n a r t i c l e of f a i t h , t h e q u e s t i on - f or i n i t s ve r y n a t u r e i t
w a s n ot p os s i b l e t od e c i d e i t b y h u m a n m e a n s . Not s ot h e w i s e C h r i s t i a n : h e a n d h i s p r i e s t
l a u g h a t t h e i g n or a n c e of t h e a n c i e n t p h i l os op h e r ; a n d a t on c e d e c l a r e t h a t m a t t e r w a s c r e a t e d ;
a n d t h a t t h e y h a ve a p e r f e c t i d e a r e s p e c t i n g i t s c r e a t i on , w h i c h t h e y c a n b y n op os s i b i l i t y h a ve
r e c e i ve d f r om e xp e r i e n c e , or t h r ou g h t h e m e d i u m of t h e s e n s e s . Wi t h t h e a n c i e n t p h i l os op h e r
t h e Au t h or c on f e s s e s h i s i g n or a n c e . T h e Or i e n t a l p h i l os op h e r , w h op e n n e d t h e f i r s t ve r s e of
1 Bookvi . C h . i i . p . 4 7 1 .
BookIII .ChapterIV.S ec ti on 8

1 27
G en es i s , was toowi s etogi v ean opi n i on upon thes ubj ec t
.Hemerely s ay s , " G od formed ( or
re- formed ) theearth
; " theq ues ti on ofi ts c reati on fromn othi n g, or i ts etern i ty , hed i d n ot
touc h .
T hus theread ers ees thatfromthec av es ofU pperIn d i a, P ers i a, an d E gy pt, thed oc tri n eof
theChri s ti an T ri n i ty was un d oubted ly d rawn
.Butthoughthes ec oun tri es weretheplac es where
thi s d oc tri n eflouri s hed man y ages beforeChri s ti an i ty
; y eti thas been s uppos ed thati twas from
theP laton i s ts ofG reec e, whohad learn ed i tfromthes ethreen ati on s , thattheChri s ti an s i mme-
d i ately d rewthei rd oc tri n e
.An d i fthekeen ey eofamod ern T homas Aq ui n as s hould d i s c ov er
s omemi n utemetaphy s i c alv ari ati on between thean c i en tan d mod ern s y s tems , thi s wi llon ly be
whatwemay expec ttoari s efromthelaps eofages , an d thed i ffi c ulty ofc on v ey i n gi d eas , s ov ery
abs trus e, fromon elan guagei n toan other .N orwi lli tbev ery s urpri s i n gi ftheprofoun d d oc tri n es
ofphi los ophers , li keP latoan d P y thagoras , s hould happen tohav ebeen mi s un d ers tood by s uc h
phi los ophers as P api as an d Iren eus .An d i fthi s s hould prov etohav ebeen thefac t, thephi lo-
s opherofthepres en td ay may n otthi n kthemod ern d ev i ati on an y i mprov emen tupon the
s y s tem.
Is hallad d n omoreatpres en ton thes ubj ec toftheT ri n i ty orCabala .Is hallreturn toi tv ery
often ; an d i twi lln otbeti llIc omen early totheen d ofthi s v olumeofmy work, thatIs hallun fold
thewholeofwhatIhav etod i s c los eon thi s s ubj ec t ; when s ev eralapparen ti n c on s i s ten c i es wi ll
berec on c i led .
( 1 28 )
BO O K IV
CHAP T E R I
P ropermod eofVi ewi n gtheR eli gi on - L i feofCri s tn a- S ubj ec tc on ti n ued .
M aturea- S i rW .Jon es ' s E xplan ati on oftheCi rc ums tan c es , an d M r .M auri c e' s
Ad mi s s i on s - R eflec ti on s on theabov e- S olemn Con s i d erati on s ofM r
.M au-
ri c e' s i n E xplan ati on - D i gres s i on on theBlac kc olourofAn c i en tG od s ; ofthe
E ty mology oftheN i lean d O s i ri s - S ubj ec tc on ti n ued - Chri s tBlac k, an An -
s wertoas olemn Con s i d erati on - O thers olemn Con s i d erati on s - O bs erv ati on s on
M r .M auri c e' s s olemn Con s i d erati on s - M r
.M auri c e' s P amphlets - Bac kR ec kon -
i n gs .M aturea- Bry an tan d D r
.A.Clarkeon thi s M y thos .
1 . HAVIN G
s hewn thattheHi n d oos an d P ers i an s had c ertai n ofthelead i n garti c les ofwhati s
us ually c alled theChri s ti an reli gi on , s omethous an d s ofy ears , probably , beforetheti meas s i gn ed
toJE S U S , - theac tualhi s tory ofthebi rthan d li feoftheS ec on d P ers on oftheT ri n i ty , orofthe
S av i ouroftheR omi s hormod ern Chri s ti an reli gi on , wi lln owbegi v en ; fromwhi c hi twi ll
beev i d en ttotheread erwhen c emos tofthec orrupti on s i n thehi s tori es ofthegos pelofJes us
hav ebeen d eri v ed .
When apers on takes av i ewofthewholeofwhathas c on s ti tuted theChri s ti an s y s tem, atan y
peri od oftheti med uri n gwhi c hi thas exi s ted , i fhemean toformac orrec ti d eaofi t, hemus tn ot
c on fi n ehi s obs erv ati on toan y on eortwoofthed i v i s i on s ofwhi c hi tc on s i s ts attheti meofhi s
s urv ey , buthemus ttake, as i twere, abi rd ' s ey ev i ewofi t .Hemus tbri n galli ts n umerous
s ubd i v i s i on s wi thi n thefi eld ofhi s teles c opi c v i s i on .N od oubteac hofthemwi lld i s putethepro-
pri ety ofthi s , bec aus etherei s n oton eofthem, howev ers mallan d c on tempti blei tmay be, whi c h
wi lln otmai n tai n that
i t i s thes olean d truereli gi on , alltheothers bei n gmerely heres i es orc or-
rupti on s .T othi s , howev er, thephi los opher, i n q ui ri n gon ly forthetruth, wi llpay n oatten ti on
eac hi s an i n tegralpart, an d theun i on ofthewholeforms thereli gi on ofthatd ay
; thoughi ti s
v ery pos s i blethati tmay d i fferes s en ti ally fromthattaughtby Jes us , orfromthereli gi on ofthe
pres en td ay .
Ifapers on bed i s pos ed tod i s putethed oc tri n eherelai d d own , Iwould begtoas khi mwhathe
would d oi fhe u n d ertook .t
o
makeas urv ey ofthereli gi on ofIn d i a
.Would hec on s i d er
on ly thereli gi on ofthefollowers ofVi s hn u ; orofthatofthefollowers ofCali
; orofthatofthe
followers ofBud d ha ? N o :
hewould c on s i d ereac hofthes eas parts ofthegran d whole ; alld e-
ri v ed fromon ec ommon s ourc e ; an d reas on upon themac c ord i n gly
.In thes ameman n erhewi ll
c on s i d erthes ec ts ofChri s ti an s , when hetakes aphi los ophi c alv i ewofthereli gi on
.In c arry i n g
thi s i n ten ti on i n toeffec t, Is hall, ofc ours e, often hav eoc c as i on ton oti c ethewri ti n gs ofChri s ti an s
offormerti mes , butwhi c haren owli ttlekn own
.O fthi s ki n d arewhatarec alled theApoc ry phal
G os pels
.T hi s bei n gthec orrec tmod eofv i ewi n gthereli gi on , i ts eems ev i d en tthati fagen eral
c orrupti on hav eperv ad ed alli ts s ec ts , wemus tn otexpec ttofi n d thec aus eorori gi n ofthi s c or-
Book IV. Chapter I . S ec ti on
2

1 29
rupti on appli c ableto on e s ec ton ly
; but, on thec on trary , wes hallfi n d i tapply i n av ery c on s i -
d erabled egreetothewholeofthem
.
Itwi lln otapply alon etothegos pelofP aul, orofM on tan us , orofM arc i on , oroftheE gy pti an s ,
buti twi llapply tothemalli n d i s c ri mi n ately , orthod oxan d heterod ox, wi th' utan y parti ali ty to
an y on eofthem
.Buti tc an n otbereas on ably expec ted thattheexac tplac es hould bepoi n ted
outwhereev ery on eofthefac ts s tated i n thewholeofthen umerous gos pels , orhi s tori es ofthe
reli gi on , c amefrom.
T heon ly q ues ti on wi llbe, whethers uffi c i en tbepoi n ted outtoc on v i n c ethe
mi n d ofthei mparti alread erofthei d en ti ty ofthes y s tems , orofthetruthofthepropos i ti on mean t
tobees tabli s hed .
Itwi lln owbes hewn , i n thefi rs tplac e, thatfromthehi s tory ofthes ec on d pers on oftheIn d i an
T ri n i ty , man y oftheparti c ulars ofthegos pelhi s tori es oftheChri s ti an s hav ebeen c ompi led
.
T hebookc alled theBhagav atG eeta, whi c hc on tai n s theli feofCri s tn a, i s allowed tobeon eof
themos td i s ti n gui s hed ofthepuran as , fori ts s ubli mi ty an d beauty .Itlay s c lai mton early the
hi ghes tan ti q ui ty thatan y In d i an c ompos i ti on c an boas t
: an d theR ev
.M r .M auri c e, av ery
c ompeten tj ud ge, allows , thattherei s ampleev i d en c etoprov ethati tac tually exi s ted n early four
thous an d y ears ago
.S i rWi lli amJon es s ay s , " T hatthen ameofChri s hn a, an d thegen eraloutli n e

ofhi s s tory , werelon gan teri ortothebi rthofourS av i our, an d probably totheti meofHomer,
wekn owv ery c ertai n ly
." In fac t, thes c ulptures on thewalls ofthemos tan c i en ttemples , -
temples by n oon eev erd oubted tobelon gan teri ortotheChri s ti an s era- as wellas wri tten works
eq ually old , prov e, bey on d thepos s i bi li ty ofd oubt, thes uperi oran ti q ui ty ofthehi s tory ofCri s tn a,
tothatofJes us
.T heauthori ty oftheun wi lli n gwi tn es s , S i rW .Jon es , wi thoutattempti n gan y
otherproofofthi s fac t, i s en ough .Buti n thec ours eofthi s workman y otherc orroborati n gc i r-
c ums tan c es wi llbeprod uc ed , whi c h, i n d epen d en tly ofhi s authori ty , wi llputthematterbey on d
q ues ti on .
2
.T hes eobs erv ati on s bei n gpremi s ed res pec ti n gtheBhagav atG eeta, wewi lln owc on s i d er
s omeofthelead i n gfac ts whi c hares tated i n i trelati n gtotheG od Cri s tn a, Cri s n a, orChri s hn a.'
T hes ewes hallfi n d arec opi es oftheChri s ti an gos pelhi s tori es , ortheChri s ti an gos pelhi s tori es
arec opi es fromthem, orthey hav ebothbeen c opi ed froman old ermy thos .
In thefi rs tplac e, theCri s tn aofIn d i ai s alway s repres en ted as aS av i ourorP res erv erofman -
ki n d , prec i s ely thes ameas Jes us Chri s t .Whi lehei s thus d es c ri bed as aS av i our, hei s als o
repres en ted tobereally theS upremeBei n g, taki n gupon hi ms elfthes tateofman : thati s , to
hav ebec ome i n c arn atei n thefles h,
tos av ethehuman rac e, prec i s ely as Jes us i s s ai d tohav ed on e,
by theprofes s ors oftheorthod c xChri s ti an fai th
.T hi s i s the Verbumc arofac tumes t ofS t
.John ,
towhi c hIallud ed i n BookIII .Chap .III .S ec t .4.
As s oon as Cri s tn awas born , bewas s aluted wi th a c horus ofD eutas orD ev atas orAn gels ,
wi thd i v i n ehy mn s , j us tas i ti s .related ofJes us i n theorthod oxG os pelofL uke, c h .i i .1 3, 1 4.
Hewas c rad led amon gs hepherd s , towhomwerefi rs tmad ekn own thes tupen d ous feats whi c h
s tamped hi s c harac terwi thmarks ofthed i v i n i ty .T hec i rc ums tan c es hered etai led , thoughn ot
li terally thes ameas thos erelated ofJes us , ares on early thes ame, thati ti s ev i d en ttheon e
ac c oun thas been taken fromtheother
.T heread erwi llrememberthev ers eofthegos pelhi s tory ,
An d thereweres hepherd s ten d i n gthei rfloc ks by n i ght . L ukei i .8 .
S oon afterCri s tn a' s bi rth, bewas c arri ed away by n i ghtan d c on c ealed i n aregi on remotefrom
hi s n atalplac e, forfearof
aty ran t whos ed es troy eri twas foretold bewould bec ome ; an d who
bad , forthatreas on , ord ered allthemalec hi ld ren born atthatperi od tobes lai n .T hi s s tory i s
' S i rW.Jon es alway s s pells then ameofthi s c elebrated pers on Chri s hn a
.
1 30
S ubj ec tCon ti n ued - M aturea
thes ubj ec tofan i mmen s es c ulpturei n thec av eatE lephan ta, ' wherethety ran ti s repres en ted
d es troy i n gthec hi ld ren
.T hed ateofthi s s c ulpturei s los t
i n themos tremotean ti q ui ty .Itmus t,
atthev ery lates t
peri od , befi xed atleas tman y hun d red
y ears prev i ous tothebi rthofJes us
Chri s t, as wes hallpres en tly s ee
.Butwi thmuc hgreaterprobabi li ty thous an d s i n s tead of hun -
d red s
ofy ears mi ghtbeas s i gn ed toi ts exi s ten c e
.Cri s tn awas , by the male li n e, ofroy ald es c en t,
thoughhewas ac tually born i n as tatethemos tabj ec tan d humi li ati n g- i n ad un geon - as Jes us
was d es c en d ed fromK i n gD av i d an d was born i n ac av e, us ed as as table .T hemomen tCri s tn a
was born , thewholeroomwas s plen d i d ly i llumi n ated , an d thec oun ten an c es ofhi s fatheran d mother
emi tted ray s ofglory
.Ac c ord i n gtothe E v an geli umIn fan ti m
" S pelun c arepletaeratlumi n i bus ,
"
luc ern arumetc an d elarumfulgorumexc ed en ti bus , et
s olari lac e maj ori bus ." Cri s tn ac ould
s peakas s oon as hewas born , an d c omforted hi s mother, as d i d thei n fan tJes us , ac c ord i n gtothe
s amegos pelhi s tory
.As Jes us was prec ed ed an d as s i s ted by hi s ki n s man , John , s oCri s tn awas
prec ed ed by hi s eld erbrother, R am, whowas born ali ttleti mebeforehi m, an d as s i s ted hi mi n
puri fy i n gtheworld , polluted wi thd emon s an d mon s ters
.R amwas n ouri s hed an d broughtupby
thes amefos terparen ts as Cri s tn a
.T hus theG os pelofJames
2
s tates , thattheprophec y ofZa-
c hari ahan d thes upern aturalpregn an c y ofhi s wi febei n gn otori ous , Herod s us pec ted thatJohn
mi ghtbetheexpec ted M es s i ah, an d c omman d ed hi mtobed eli v ered up, i n ord erthathemi ght
murd erhi m
;
butE li z abethhad s en thi mi n tothewi ld ern es s tohi s c ous i n , by whi c hmean s be
es c aped .
Cri s tn ad es c en d ed i n toHad es orHell, an d return ed toVai c on tha, hi s properparad i s e .
O n eofhi s epi thets was thatof
agood s hepherd , whi c hwekn owwas thatofJes us .Afterhi s d eath,
li keJes us Chri s t, heas c en d ed i n toheav en
. 3 Fromtheglory d es c ri bed abov e, i n theE v an geli um
In fan ti ae, wes eethereas on why , i n allpi c tures oftheN ati v i ty , theli ghti s mad etoari s efromthe
bod y ofthei n fan t, an d why thefatheran d motherareoften d epi c ted wi thglori es roun d thei r
head s .
3 .
Afterthebi rthofCri s tn a, theIn d i an prophetN ared , 2 ; o4pos , hav i n gheard ofhi s fame, v i -
s i ted hi s fatheran d motheratG okul, exami n ed thes tars , &c ., an d d ec lared hi mtobeofc eles ti al
d es c en t .As M r .M auri c eobs erv es , herei s ac los ei mi tati on oftheM agi gui d ed by hi s s taran d
v i s i ti n gtheIn fan ti n Bethlehem.Cri s tn awas s ai d tohav ebeen born atM athura, ( pron oun c ed
M attra, ) on theri v erJumn a, whereman y ofhi s mi rac les wereperformed , an d i n whi c hatthi s d ay
hei s held i n hi gherv en erati on than i n an y otherplac ei n Hi n d os tan
. M r.M auri c es ay s , "
T he

Arabi c ed i ti on oftheE v an geli umIn fan ti mrec ord s M atarea, n earHermopoli s , i n E gy pt, to

hav ebeen theplac ewheretheIn fan tS av i ourres i d ed d uri n ghi s abs en c efromthelan d ofJud aea,
~Q
an d un ti lHerod d i ed
.Atthi s plac eJes us i s reported tohav ewroughtman y mi rac les ;
an d ,
"
amon gothers , tohav eprod uc ed i n thatari d regi on afoun tai n offres hwater, theon ly on ei n
" E gy pt
.Hi n c ad S y c amorumi llamurbemd i gres s i Bun t, q uaehod i eM atareav oc atur
;
etprod uxi t
"
D omi n us Jes us fon temi n M atarea, i n q uoD i v aM ari a
( Cri s tn a' s motherhas als otheepi thet
CQ D E VA
prefi xed tohern ame) tun i c amej us lav i t
.E xs ud oreautem, q ui hD omi n oJes ud efluxi t,
G 0
bals amumi n i lld ftregi on eprov en i t " 4
M
.S av ary s ay s , thatatali ttled i s tan c efromHeli opoli s i s thes mallv i llageofM atarea, s o
c alled bec aus ei thas afres h- waters pri n g, theon ly on ei n E gy pt
.T hi s s pri n ghas been ren d ered
famous by trad i ti on , whi c hrelates thattheholy fami ly fleei n gfromHerod c amehi ther
; thatthe
1 M aur .In d .An t .Vol.II .p .1 49 .

'
P rotev an geli umJac obi , p .23, s pud Fabri c ., p .25 .

M aur
.In d .An t .

E v an geli umIn fan .Arab

.etL at
.
P .
7 1 , ed
.S y ke, 1 69 7
; M aur.Hi s t .Vol.II.p .31 8
; Jon es on theCan on , Vol.II.
P artIII
.Ch .xxi i .
BookIV
.ChapterI .S ec ti on 3

1 31
Vi rgi n bathed theholy c hi ld Jes us i n thi s foun tai n
; an d thatmuc hbals amwas formerly prod uc ed
i n then ei ghbourhood .'
E us ebi us an d Athan as i us s tate, thatwhen Jos ephan d M ary arri v ed i n E gy pt, they tookup
thei rabod ei n ac i ty oftheT hebai s , i n whi c hwas as uperbtempleofS erapi s
.O n thei rgoi n g
i n tothetemple, allthes tatues fellflaton thei rfac es totheIn fan tS av i our
.T hi s s tory i s als o
told by theE v an geli umIn fan ti ae
.s
AfterCri s tn ac ametoman ' s es tate, on eofhi s fi rs tmi rac les was thec ureofaleper
.M atthew
( i n c h .v i i i .v er
.3) s tates an early mi rac leperformed by Jes us tohav ebeen exac tly s i mi lar, v i z
.
thec ureofaleper
.U pon an otheroc c as i on awoman poured on thehead ofCri s tn aaboxof
oi n tmen t, forwhi c hhec ured herofherai lmen t
.T hus , i n li keman n er, awoman c amean d
an oi n ted thehead ofJes us .M att .xxi . 7 .
Atac ertai n ti meCri s tn ataki n gawalkwi ththeotherc owherd s wi thwhomhewas broughtup,
they c hos ehi mforthei rki n g, an d ev ery on ehad aplac eun d erhi mas s i gn ed tohi m
.N early the
s ames tory i s related ofJes us an d hi s play fellows
.Atan otherti me, theIn fan tJes us d ec lari n g
hi ms elftobe thegood s hepherd ,
turn ed allhi s y oun gc ompan i on s i n tos heep ; butafterward , atthe
s oli c i tati on ofthei rparen ts , res tored themtothei rproperform
.T hi s i s thec oun terpartofa
s tory ofthec reati on , by Cri s tn a, ofn ews heepan d n ewc ow- boy s , when Brahma, totry hi s d i v i -
n i ty , had s tolen thos ewhi c hbelon ged toN an d a' s , hi s father' s , farm
. 3
T os hewhi s humi li ty an d
meekn es s , hec on d es c en d ed towas hthefeetoftheBrahmi n s , as Jes us d i d thos eofhi s d i s c i ples
.
John xi i i .5 , &c .
Cri s tn ahad ad read fulc ombatwi ththes erpen tCali n aga, 4
whi c hhad poi s on ed allthec ow-
herd s
.In theApoc ry phalG os pelabov eallud ed to, thei n fan tS av i ourhad aremarkablead v en ture
wi thas erpen t, whi c hbad poi s on ed on eofhi s c ompan i on s
.
5
Cri s tn awas s en ttoatutortobei n s truc ted , an d hei n s tan tly as ton i s hed hi mby hi s profoun d
learn i n g
.In theG os peloftheIn fan c y i ti s related , thatJes us was s en ttoZac c heus tobetaught,
an d , i n li keman n er, heas ton i s hed
hi mwi thhi s greatlearn i n g.T hi s
als o mus tremi n d theread er
ofthed i s putati on i n thetemplewi ththeJewi s hd oc tors
.( L ukei i .46, 47
.) Cri s tn ad es i red hi s
mothertolooki n tohi s mouthan d s hes aw
all then ati on s oftheworld pai n ted i n i t
.T heVi rgi n
s awthes ame i n themouthofJes us
.
6
M r.M auri c eobs erv es thattheG os peloftheIn fan c y i s
allud ed toby Iren eus , 7
whi c hs hews thati twas amon gtheearli es tofthean c i en tgos pelhi s tori es
.
Fi n ally , Cri s tn awas puttod eathby bei n g
c ruc i fi ed ; hed es c en d ed i n tohell, an d afterward
as c en d ed i n toheav en
.Forfurtherparti c ulars , s eeM auri c e' s In d
.An t .Vol.1 1 .pp
.1 49 , &c .T he
d es c en ti n tohad es orhell, an d theas c en ti n toparad i s eorheav en , i s s tated by M r
.M auri c e
; the
c ruc i fi xi on i s n ots tated by hi m
;
butmy authori ty fortheas s erti on Is hallad d uc epres en tly
.
Iti s i mpos s i bleforan y on etod en y thec los ec on n exi on between thehi s tori es ofJes us an d
ofCri s tn a .
Wen owc ometothemos ti mportan tpoi n t- hows uc hc on n exi on i s toberen d ered
c on s i s ten twi ththeexi s ten c eofthewholeoftheChri s ti an s y s temas atpres en texpoun d ed by
ourpri es ts , - howthepri es ts aretoexplai n i taway , - howthos emen whoares oun fortun ateas
tofeelthems elv es obli ged toy i eld tos uc h
c on c lus i v e ev i d en c ec an beprov ed tobewhattheR ev
.
M r.M auri c e, i n trueorthod oxs trai n , c alls
i mpi ous i n fi d els .
'
S av arv ' s T rav els i n E gy pt, Vol
.I .p .1 26.
s
Vi d eE us eb .D emon .E v an g.L i b .v i
.Cap .xx. ; Athan .d eIn c arn at .Verbi , Vol
.I .p .8 9 .
3
M auri c e, Hi s t
.Hi n d .Vol.II.p .322.
4' Cali
i s n owtheG od d es s ofas ec ti n oppos i ti on tothatofCri s tn a, an d
N aga mean s s erpen t
.Iti s ev i d en tly the
s ameas theold E n gli s hword fors erpen t- Hag
.
Hi s t .Hi n d .Vol.II .p .322.

s
M aur .Bram.Fraud E xpos ed , p .1 1 4.
Ad v .Heres .L i b .i .Cap .xv i i .p
.1 0 4, ed .fol.1 5 9 6.
1 32

R eflec ti on s on the Abov e

4. T he mod ei n whi c hS i rW .Jon es gets ov erthed i ffi c ulty i s v ery eas y . Wi thoutpreten d i n g
thathehas an y v ari ati on ofman us c ri pts , orotherauthori ty , toj us ti fy hi m, butmerely bec aus eli e
fi n d s thefac ts tobei n c on s i s ten twi ththeexi s ten c eofthewholeofthepres en tChri s ti an s y s tem,
as hec hoos es toexpoun d i t, heas s erts thepas s ages c on tai n i n gthemtobei n terpolati on s from
s puri ous gos pels ; but, un fortun ately forhi s c red i t, thi s , forman y reas on s , wi lln otobv i atethe
d i ffi c ulty .Iti s .ev i d en tthatmuc hofthehi s tory i s thes ameas the orthod ox
gos pels , as wellas of
thos ec alled s puri ous .
In referen c etotheopi n i on ofS i rW.Jon es , M r .M auri c es ay s ,
" For, howev erhappy an d
"
i n gen i ous , as i tc ertai n ly i s , may bethec on j ec tureofS i rW
.Jon es c on c ern i n gthei n terpolati on
" oftheBrami n rec ord s fromtheApoc ry phalG os pels , i ts ti llafford s butaparti alexplan ati on of
" thed i ffi c ulty . M an y oftheM y thologi c als c ulptures ofHi n d os tan thatrelatetotheev en ts i n

thehi s tory ofthi s Av atar, morei mmed i ately i n teres ti n gtotheChri s ti an world , bei n gofan age

un d oubted ly an teri ortotheChri s ti an era, whi lethos es c ulptures remai n un an s werabletes ti -

mon i es ofthefac ts rec ord ed , theas s erti on , un ai d ed by thes ec ollateralproofs , rathers tren gthen s
" than obv i ates theobj ec ti on oftheS c epti c .T hus thes c ulptured fi gures , c opi ed by S on n erat,

fromon eoftheold es tpagod as , an d en grav ed i n thi s v olume, theon eofwhi c hrepres en ts

Chrees hn ad an c i n gon thec rus hed head ofthes erpen t

; an d theother, thes amepers on ageen -
"
tan gled i n i ts en ormous fold s , tomarktheard uous n es s ofthec on tes t, whi letheen raged repti le

i s s een bi ti n ghi s foot, togetherwi ththehi s tory ofthefac tan n exed , c ould n ev erd eri v ethei r

ori gi n froman y i n formati on c on tai n ed i n theS puri ous G os pels ."

Agai n , M r .M auri c es ay s , "
T oreturn tothemoreparti c ularc on s i d erati on ofthes eparts ofthe

li feofChrees hn a, whi c hareabov eallud ed toby S i rWi lli amJon es , whi c hhav ebeen paralleled
"
wi ths omeofthelead i n gev en ts i n theli feofourbles s ed S av i our, an d are, i n fac t, c on s i d ered by

hi mas i n terpolati on s fromthes puri ous G os pels

; Imean moreparti c ularly hi s mi rac ulous bi rth
" atmi d n i ght ;
thec horus ofD ev atas thats aluted wi thhy mn s thed i v i n ei n fan tas s oon as born
;

hi s bei n gc rad led amon gs ts hepherd s , towhomwerefi rs tmad ekn own thos es tupen d ous feats

thats tamped hi s c harac terwi thd i v i n i ty

; hi s bei n gc arri ed away by n i ght, an d c on c ealed i n a
" regi on remotefromthes c en eofhi s bi rth, ' fromfearofthety ran tCan s a, whos ed es troy eri t

was pred i c ted hewould prov e, an d who, therefore, ord ered allthemalec hi ld ren born atthat

peri od tobes lai n :

hi s battle, i n hi s i n fan c y , wi ththed i re, en v en omed s erpen tCali j a,
2 an d

c rus hi n ghi s head wi thhi s foot ;

hi s mi rac les i n s uc c eed i n gy ears ; hi s rai s i n gthed ead
; hi s d e-
" s c en d i n gtoHad es
; an d hi s return toVai c on tha, theproperparad i s eofVees hn u, " &c
., &c ., &c .
5
.U pon thepleaofi n terpolati on , whi c hS i rW .Jon es has us ed toac c oun tfortheextraord i n ary
s i mi lari ty i n theli v es ofJes us an d ofCri s tn a, an d whi c hM r .M auri c ehas allowed , happy
an d
i n gen i ous as i ti s ! tobealtogetherun s ati s fac tory ; i tmay beas ked , whatc ould i n d uc etheBrah-
mi n s , themos tproud , c on c ei ted an d bi goted ofman ki n d , toi n terpolatethei ran c i en tbooks
; to
i n s erti n themextrac ts fromthegos pelhi s tori es , ors ac red books ofpeoplev ery n early total
s tran gers tothem;
v ery fewi n n umbers , an d looked on by themwi ths uc hc on tempt, thatthey
would n ei thereat, d ri n k, n oras s oc i atewi ththem( whi c h, i fthey had d on e, they would hav e
been c on tami n ated , an d rui n ed by bec omi n goutc as ts fromthei rord er) ; - peoplewhoc ameas
beggars an d wan d erers s oli c i ti n gaplac eofrefuge ? Itc an n otbepreten d ed thattheBrahmi n s
wi s hed tomakec on v erts ; forthi s i s d i rec tly c on trary tothei rfai than d prac ti c e .
T hebooks
i n whi c hthes ei n terpolati on s arefoun d , wereobtai n ed fromthemwi ththegreates td i ffi c ulty ;
' An d M r
.M auri c emi ghthav ead d ed , c alled M attraorM aturea, thes amen ameas theplac etowhi c hChri s twas
c arri ed , ac c ord i n gtoChri s ti an trad i ti on , as wehav ealread y s hewn .
=Cali j a, thi s i s an othern amefortheCali n aga, explai n ed i n n otep .1 31 .
BookIV.ChapterI
.S ec ti on .5

1 33
they hav eev ery appearan c eofv ery greatan ti q ui ty ;
an d arefoun d c on c ealed i n therec es s es of
thei rtemples , ev i d en tly bui ltman y c en turi es beforetheChri s ti an s era
.An d thoughthebooks i n
whi c hthey arefoun d ares c arc e, y etthey ares uffi c i en tly n umerous , an d s pread ov eras uffi c i en t
exten tofc oun try , toren d eri ti mpos s i bletoi n terpolatethemall, i fthey had been s od i s pos ed
.
U pon thei mpos s i bi li ty ofi n terpolati n gtheold Hi n d oobooks , Is halltreatatlargehereafter .
Buthowi s thefi gurei n thec av eatE lephan tatobeac oun ted for
; that promi n en t an d
feroc i ous
fi gure, as M r .M auri c ec alls i t, s urroun d ed by s laughtered i n fan ts , an d hold i n gad rawn s word
Ifi twereon ly arepres en tati on oftheev i lpri n c i ple, howc ameheon ly tod es troy i n fan ts
; an d ,
as Ilearn fromM r .Forbes ' s O ri en talM emoi rs , ' thos ei n fan ts , boy s ? Hei s s urroun d ed by a
c rowd offi gures ofmen an d women , ev i d en tly s uppli c ati n gforthec hi ld ren .T hi s groupoffi gures
has been c alled theJud gmen tofS olomon ;
as M r .Forbes j us tly s ay s , v ery abs urd ly
.But, atthe
s ameti mehead mi ts , thatthereareman y thi n gs i n thes ec av es whi c hbearares emblan c eto
promi n en tfeatures i n theO ld T es tamen t .O v erthehead ofthepri n c i palfi gurei n thi s group,
aretobes een themi tre, thec ros i er, an d thec ros s - trueChri s ti an emblems .
Agai n M r .M auri c es ay s , " Allthes ec i rc ums tan c es ofs i mi lari ty arec ertai n ly v ery s urpri s i n g,
" an d , upon an y otherhy pothes i s than thatoffered by S i rW .Jon es , atfi rs ts i ght, s een v ery

d i ffi c ulttobes olv ed .Buts hould thats oluti on , fromtheallowed an ti q ui ty ofthen ameof

Chri s n a, an d thegen eraloutli n eofhi s s tory , c on fes s ed ly an teri ortothebi rthofChri s t, an d

" probably as old as Homer, as wellas theapparen treluc tan c eofthehaughty , s elf- c on c ei ted
" Brahmi n toborrowan y partofhi s c reed , orri tuals , orlegen d s , fromforei gn ers v i s i ti n gIn d i a,
" n otbead mi tted by s omeofmy read ers as s ati s fac tory , Ihav etoreq ues tthei ratten ti on tothe
" followi n gparti c ulars , whi c hthey wi llperus ewi thallthes olemn c on s i d erati on d uetoaq ues ti on

ofs uc hhi ghmomen t ."

Wewi lln owatten d wi th S O L E M N CO N S ID E R AT IO N tothes eparti c ulars , offeri n gs uc hobs erv a-
as oc c urupon eac h, as they c omei n ord er
.
But, gen tleread er, i fy oupleas e, wewi ll, as wegoalon gwi ththeR ev eren d G en tleman , n ot
forgetwhatL ord S hafts bury s os hrewd ly obs erv ed , thats olemn i ty i s ofthees s en c eofi mpos ture .
" An d fi rs twi thres pec ttothen ameofChri s tn a, ( fors oi tmus tbewri tten tobeartheas s erted

an alogy tothen ameofChri s t, ) M r .Voln ey , aftertwoorthreepages ofun paralleled i mpi ety , i n

whi c hheres olv es thewholeli fe, d eath, an d res urrec ti on , oftheM es s i ah, i n toan i n gen i ous

allegory , allus i v etothegrowth, d ec li n e, an d ren ov ati on ofthes olarheatd uri n gi ts an n ual

rev oluti on ;
an d afteras s erti n gthat, by theVi rgi n , hi s mother, i s mean tthec eles ti als i gn Vi rgo,

i n thebos omofwhi c h, atthes ummers ols ti c e, thes un an c i en tly appeared totheP ers i an M agi

tori s e, an d was thus d epi c ted i n thei ras trologi c alpi c tures , as wellas i n theM i thrai ti c c av ern s ;
"
afterthus i mpi ous ly attempti n gtomy thologi z eaway thegran d fun d amen tald oc tri n es ofthe

Chri s ti an c od e, ourIn fi d elauthorad d s , thatthes un was s ometi mes c alled Chri s , orCon s erv ator,
" thati s , theS av i our
; an d hen c e, heobs erv es , theHi n d oogod Chri s - en orCbri s tn a, an d the

Chri s ti an Chri s - tos , thes on ofM ary

.N ow, whatev eri n gen ui ty theremay bed i s play ed i n the
"
formerpartofthi s c uri ous i n v es ti gati on , i n towhi c hIc an n otn owen ter, Ic an c on fi d en tly

affi rm, therei s n otas y llableoftruthi n theorthographi c ald eri v ati on

; forChri s n a, n or

Chri s - en , n orChri s tn a, ( as tos erv eaworthles s c aus e, s ubv ers i v eofc i v i ls oc i ety , heartfully
"
perv erts theword , ) has n ottheleas tapproac hi n s i gn i fi c ati on totheG reekword Chri s tos ,

an oi n ted , i n allus i on totheki n gly offi c eoftheHebrewM es s i ah

; s i n c ethi s appellati v es i mply

s i gn i fi es , as we s hallpres en tly d emon s trate,

blac k or d ark
blue, an d was c on ferred en theIn d i an
" G od s olely on ac c oun tofhi s
blac kc omplexi on .
Ithas , therefore, n omorec on n exi on wi ththe
1 Vol.III
.Ch .xxxv .p .447
.
1 34

D i gres s i on on theBlac kColourofAn c i en tG od s

"
n ameofourbles s ed S av i our, s uppos ed by thi s wri tertobed eri v ed fromi t, than thehumble
" M ary ofBethlehemhas wi ththe Is i s ofE gy pt, theori gi n alVi rgooftheZod i ac
: orJos eph, as
" thereas s erted , has wi ththeobs oletec on s tellati on ofpraes epeJov i s , ors tableofJov e, as , i n hi s
" rageford eri v ati on , heri d i c ulous ly as s erts ."
N ow, upon theobs erv ati on ofM r .M auri c e, relati n gtothec eles ti alVi rgi n , an d theVi rgi n
M ary , theread eri s req ues ted tos us pen d hi s j ud gmen tti llhec omes tomy c hapterwheres hei s
expres s ly treated of .Wi thres pec ttotheremai n d erofhi s obs erv ati on on the c olour ofthe
Cri s tn aofIn d i a, i ti s repli ed , thatofallthec i rc ums tan c es c on n ec ted wi ththi s s ubj ec t, therei s n ot
on es oc uri ous an d s tri ki n gas thi s ; n oron es oworthy oftheatten ti on oftheread er
.An d
though, atfi rs t, hemay thi n ktheAuthor, i n whathei s goi n gtos ay , res pec ti n gthe
blac k c olour,
i s d ev i ati n gfromthes ubj ec t, hewi lli n theen d fi n d n othi n gbutwhati s c los ely c on n ec ted wi thi t,
an d n ec es s ary fori ts eluc i d ati on .
7 .
O n thefi rs tv i ew, i ts eems ratheran extraord i n ary c i rc ums tan c ethatthes tatues oftheG od s
ofthean c i en ts s hould berepres en ted ofablac kc olour ; orthatthey s hould hav ebeen mad eofa
s ton eas n early blac kas i tc ould beobtai n ed
.Wherethes ton ec ould n otbeobtai n ed q ui teblac k,
as ton ewas often us ed s i mi lartoourblues late, ofav ery d arkbluec olour
; thed rapery ofthe
s tatueoften bei n gofad i fferen t, li ght- c oloured s ton e
.Iti s ev i d en tthatthei n ten ti on was to
repres en tablac kc omplexi on ; ofthi s therec an ben od oubt
.T hemarbles tatues ofR oman
E mperors areoften foun d wi ththefles hy partblac k, an d thed rapery ofwhi teors omeother
c olour.
E us ebi us i n forms us , on theauthori ty ofP orphy ry , " T hattheE gy pti an s ac kn owled ged on e
" i n tellec tualAuthororCreatoroftheworld , un d erthen ameofCn eph
; an d thatthey wors hi ped
" hi mi n as tatueofhuman forman d d arkbluec omplexi on ."
P lutarc hi n forms us , " T hatCn eph
" was wors hi ped by thei n habi tan ts oftheT hebai d
; whorefus ed toc on tri butean y parttoward s
" themai n ten an c eofthes ac red an i mals , bec aus ethey ac kn owled ged n omortalG od , an d ad ored
" n on ebuthi mwhomthey c alled Cn eph, an un c reated an d i mmortalbei n g." T hetempleof
" Cn eph, orCn uphi s , was i n thei s lan d ofE lephan ti n e, on thec on fi n es ofE gy ptan d E thi opi a . I
In theE v an geli c alP reparati on ofE us ebi us , 2 i s apas s agewhi c hpretty wellprov es thatthe
wors hi pofVi s hn uorCri s trrawas held i n E gy pt, un d erthen ameofK n eph
: T oy O 7 1 Htroupy ov
K v 7 1 ( ~, of
Ar7 uwT i oi w o6 ogrus o- ty , rrly Xporoc v exxaov s eaav oc , E Xoy T a , Q.T 8 Y T a gwv rv
xai a- x7 j rr- rpov ( aey arrv ) . " T heE gy pti an s , i ti s s ai d , repres en ted theD emi urgos K n eph, as of
abluec olour, bord eri n gon blac k, wi thagi rd lean d as c eptre
.'
1 3
M r.M auri c e 4 has obs erv ed thattheCn ephofE gy pt, an d thes tatueofN aray en , i n thegreat
res erv oi rofCatman d u, arebothformed ofblac kmarble .D r.Buc han an s tates thes tatueofJug-
gern auttobeofwood , pai n ted blac k, wi thred li ps .
M r
.M auri c es ay s , " T hatO s i ri s , too, theblac kd i v i n i ty ofE gy pt, an d Chrees hn a, thes able
" s hepherd - G od ofM athura, hav ethes tri ki n gs i mi li tud eofc harac ter, i n ti mated by M r .Wi lford ,
" c an n otbed i s puted , an y morethan thatChrees hn a, fromhi s ri tes c on ti n ui n gs oun i v ers ally to
" flouri s hov erIn d i a, froms uc hremoteperi od s d own tothepres en td ay , was theprototy pe, an d
" O s i ri s themy thologi c alc opy .Bothareren own ed legi s lators an d c on q uerors , c on ten d i n g
" eq ually wi thphy s i c alan d s pi ri tualfoes
: bothared en omi n ated theS un
; bothd es c en d tothe
" s had es an d rai s ethed ead ." 5
Agai n hes ay s , " N owi ti s n otali ttleremarkablethatad arkblueti n t, approac hi n gtoblac k,
" as hi s n ames i gn i fi es , was thec omplexi on ofChrees hn a, whoi s c on s i d ered by theHi n d oos n ot
I P ri tc hard ' s An al, ofE gy pt, M y thol. p .1 7 1 .

2
L i b .i i i .p1 1 5 .

3 Clas s .Journ . N o .XXIX. p . 1 22

.
An t .In d .Vol.I .S ec t .v i i i .

s Hi s t .Hi n d .Vol.II
. p
.47 7 .
Book1 V.ChapterI . S ec ti on 7

1 35
"
s omuc han av atar, as thepers on ofthegreatVees hn uhi ms elf, i n ahuman form." 1 T hati s ,
hewas i n c arn ate, ori n thefles h, as Jes us was s ai d tobe
.
Forreas on s whi c htheread erwi lls oon s ee, Iami n c li n ed tothi n kthatO s i ri s was n otthec opy
ofCri s tn a, butoftheearli erG od , Bud d ha
.
T hatby O s i ri s was mean ttheS un , i ti s n owallowed by ev ery wri terwhohas treated on the
an ti q ui ti es ofE gy pt .M r
.M auri c e, as theread ers ees , s tates hi mtohav ebeen blac k, an d that
theM n ev i s , ors ac red bull, ofHeli opoli s , thes y mbolofO s i ri s , was als oblac k
.O s i ri s i s allowed ,
als o, tobetheS eev aofIn d i a, 2
on eofthethreepers on s oftheIn d i an G od - Bramha, Vi s hn uor
Cri s tn a, an d S eev a, ofwhomthebulloftheZod i ac was thes y mbol
.
Iti s c uri ous toobs erv ethen umberoftri fli n gc i rc ums tan c es whi c hc on s tan tly oc c urtoprov e
thei d en ti ty oftheHi n d oos an d E gy pti an s , orrathertheE thi opi an s
.T heword N i le, i n the
In d i an lan guage, mean s blac k . D upui s
3 s ay s , "
N i loi n In d i an s i gn i fi es blac k, an d i tought
tos i gn i fy thes amei n E gy pti an ;
s i n c e, when ev ertheArabs , theHebrews , theG reeks ,
"
an d theL ati n s , hav ewi s hed totran s latetheword N i l, they hav ealway s mad eus eofaword
" whi c hi n thei rlan guages i gn i fi es blac k
.T heHebrews c alli t
S i c hor ; theE thi opi an s , N uc hul;
thean c i en tL ati n s , M elo ; theG reeks ,
M elas - all
n ames s i gn i fy i n gblac k. T heword orn ame
" N i los ,
then , i n E gy pti an , pres en ts thes amei d eaas theword N i loi n In d i an
." Butthen ameof
N i lewas amod ern on e, ( c omparati v ely s peaki n g, ) atran s lati on ofthean c i en tn ameofthi s ri v er,
whi c hwas S i ri .S peaki n goftheword N i le, T z etz es s ay s ,
T o
8 eN e7 Aos v eov
egj .4
S eld en 5 s ay s , "
S i tO s i ri s , s i tO mphi s , N i lus , S i ri s , s i v eq uod c un q ueali ud abHi erophan ti s

us urpatumn omen , ad un umtan d ems oleman ti q ui s s i mumgen ti umN umen red eun tomn i a."
Hes ay s agai n ,
"
O s i ri s c erten on s olumi d emD eus eratc umN i lo, v erumi ps an omi n aN i li et

O s i ri d i s , s ublatopri moelemen to, s en ts y n on y ma

.N amli n guaprophetarum1 ri i v s c hi c hores t

N i lus , utd oc ti s s i mi i n terpretuamv olun t, q uod n n i v

s c hi c hori , li n gua .E thi opi c a( i tamon et

i llus tri s s i mus S c ali gerfi li us ) prolatum- i n ~e7 ~i s aut

: , i gG raec as c ri pti on e, tran s mi grav i t
."
S eeals oP arkhurs t' s L ex
. - i ri v pp .7 28 , 7 29
.
T heword O s i ri s may beaG reekword , c ompos ed by theG reeks fromthei rown emphati c arti c le
0 , an d theHebrewword
lrn v
s hr, wri tten wi ththei rc us tomary termi n ati on
O T i pi c .
T hemean -
i n goftheHebrewword i s blac k
.An d on emean i n goftheG reeki s ev i d en tly
theblac k, or the
blac kG od . T hi s i s c on fi rmed by P lutarc h, i n hi s treati s ed eIs i d eetO s i ri d e
.
T heN i lewas often c alled ` 1 w i ar,
whi c hi s theHebrewword forri v er, an d was probably the
E gy pti an on eals o .Itwas s i mply the ri v erIraq '
e ; oxr#
.
Itwas n ev erc alled N ei los by the
E gy pti an s , butby theG reeks , an d thaton ly fromtheti meofHes i od , i n whos ewri ti n gs i ti s fi rs t
s oc alled
.T hi s pretty n early prov es i tatran s lated n ame
.
6
Iftheauthorberi ghti n thi s c on -
j ec ture, thereas on i s ev i d en twhy thi s word s ets ety mologi c ali n q ui ri es atd efi an c e .S i rW.Jon es
s ay s , N i lamean s blue ; butthi s bluei s probably d eri v ed fromthec olourofthes ton e- ad ark
blue, mean tori gi n ally tod es c ri be blac k.
T heN i lewas c alled
Ai y wrT os .E gy ptus ,
beforethe
c oun try had thatn ame
.T hi s las tn ameals od efi es theety mologi s ts .Buti twas probably an
E as tern word man gled by theG reeks , whoman gled ev ery thi n g.Itwi llbeexplai n ed hereafter
.
M
.D eL ambretells us , fromCen s ori n us , thattheE gy ti an s c alled they earof365 d ay s by the
word N ei Aos , N ei los .
An d heobs erv es that, i n theG reekn otati on , theletters ofwhi c hthi s word
i s c ompos ed d en ote365 .S i rW
.D rummon d c alls thi s buffoon ery , an d as ks i fM .D eL ambrehas
' M auri c e, Hi s t .Hi n d .Vol.I .p .66, 4to . ;
als oAn t . In d .Vol.III .p . 31 5 .

R
M auri c e, An t .In d .
3 Vol.III .p .35 1 .

4 D rummon d ,
E s s . Zod .pp .1 0 6an d
1 1 2.
1 D eD i i s S y ri i s , D e Vi tulo Aureo, S y n tag.i .Cap .i v .

6 Vi d eD rummon d ' s O ri g.B. i v .Ch.i i .

1 36
S ubj ec tCon ti n ued
forgotthattheE gy pti an s d i d n ots peakG reek .T owhi c hi tmay bean s wered , thatthepoli tean d
learn ed amon gthemd i d s peakG reek, aftertheti meofAlexan d er .Iti s ov erlooked by S i rWi l-
li am, thatthi s n ame( as heac kn owled ges )
v eov E T T i ,
i s mod ern .
Iti s probablethattheG reeks
foun d the
an c i en t E gy pti an n ametos i gn i fy
blac k,
an d theletters ofi ttod en oteortos i gn i fy the
y earof365 d ay s
.Butas they c ould n oti n thei rlan guagegi v ei tatermwhi c hwould s i gn i fy
both, an d as they un d ers tood why i twas c alled 365 orthey ear, butd i d n otun d ers tan d why i t
was c alled blac k, they ad opted theformer, an d c alled i t N E i aoc .
T hean c i en tn ame, as wehav es ai d , was S i r, orS i ri , thes ameas O - s i r, orO s i ri s , whowas al-
way s blac k ; afterwhomi twas c alled , an d by
whomwas mean tthes un .T hus i twas c alled the
ri v erofthes un , ortheri v ers un , ortheri v erofO s i ri s - as wes ay , theri v eroftheAmaz on s , or
theri v erAmaz on
.An d thi s ri v erflowed fromthelan d ofthes un an d moon
.Itaros ei n the
moun tai n s ofthemoon , an d flowed throughthelan d ofS i r, perhaps thelan d ofS i ri ad , where
Jos ephus was told thatc olumn s had been plac ed whi c hwerebui ltbeforetheflood - xara
T ri v y rw
Y , u~i a&a .
M an etho, 30 0 y ears beforeJos ephus , s ay s , thes ec olumn s s tood
E v T ,, l y ; ~
2
; ugta8 tx; ~,
an d fromthemJos ephus tookhi s hi s tory , whi c hwas i n s c ri bed on themi n thes ac red lan guagean d
i n hi erogly phi c alc harac ters , alan guagean d c harac terev i d en tly bothun kn own tohi m
.T hes e
c olumn s wereprobably theE gy pti an mon umen ts - P y rami d s , or
O beli s ks , whi c hhad es c aped the
d es truc ti on ofCamby s es , perhaps bec aus ethey wereon ly hi s tori c alan d n otreli gi ous , orperhaps
bec aus ethey wereli n ghams , towhi c htheP ers i an s mi ghtn otobj ec t- butthekn owled geofwhos e
c harac ters was atthatti melos tami d s ttheun i v ers ald es truc ti on ofpri es ts an d temples , an d whi c h
has n ev erbeen really kn own s i n c e, thoughthen ewpri es ts would n otbewi lli n gtoc on fes s thei r
i gn oran c e . Query ,
l1 ws ur x'
i s ' , 7
d i , T heholy lan d ofS ur
?
T heri v erN i lei n S an s c reetbooks i s often c alled Cri s hn a
. 1
1 tv s r, i s
theori gi n orrootofO s i ri s , an d mean s alead er, regulator, ruler, ord i rec tor
.T he
n i n thofthemean i n gs gi v en toi tby P arkhurs ti n theform`
i w
s ur, i s
thatofBeev e .
T hemod ern word s S i r, M on - s i eur, M on - s ei gn or, arealld eri v ed fromtheHebrewword
7 w S r,
orL ord , as wetran s latei t, whi c hwas an epi thetofthes un i n alltheeas tern c oun tri es
.T hi s i s
thes ameas theIs waraofIn d i a, whi c hmean s L ord
. 2
T heBulloftheZod i ac , orthes un , als o
had an amev ery s i mi lartothi s , when c eprobably i tc ametobeappli ed tothean i mal
; oratleas t
they had thes amen ames
.S eeP arkhurs ti n v oc e- 1 1 L v s ur
.
M r .M auri c es ay s , 3
P ers i eZugri D eumv oc an t
.
S ury ai s then ameofthes olard i v i n i ty of
In d i a
.Iti s als othen ameofO s i ri s
.M r.Bry an ts ay s , O T E tewY
~rpoT ay o? E U eoi xai Y U gi ov . 4
As
theG od oftheE gy pti an s wen tby s ev eraln ames , as Api s , S erapi s , Cn eph, O s i ri s , &c
., s od i d the
G od oftheHi n d oos .T heword
s able or blac k
was on eofthei repi thets
.T hus Chri s t i s , i n li ke
man n er, an epi thetofJes us
.Hei s c alled Jes us theChri s t,
theAn oi n ted .
8
.As theread erhas s een abov e, an d als oi n my Celti c D rui d s , Ihav ed eri v ed O s i ri s fromthe
word S r,
an d theG reekemphati c arti c leO
.T hi s d eri v ati on i s j us ti fi ed by P orphy ry
.ButHel-
lan i c us i n forms us , thati twas s ometi mes wri tten
T T : pts .
N ow, as Is i s was thewi feofO s i ri s ,
may i tn othav ec omefromtheHebrewword
v v , i s o, tos av e,
an d
7 W
s r,
or
- 1 1 th
s ur : ? O s i ri s was
theS un , s owas S ury ai n In d i aan d P ers i a
:
for, as wehav es een , P ers mS ureD eumv oc an t
.
S y ri awas thelan d oftheS un
.T heS un was c alled L ord an d S av i our
; s owas M i thra .T heBull
was theemblemoftheS un - ofM i thra, c alled L ord , an d oftheG od
i n thelan d whereS ury aor
theS un , wi ths ev en head s , was ad ored , an d i n Japan , wherehebreaks themun d an eeggwi thhi s
' M auri c e, Bram
.Fraud E xpos ed , p
.8 0 .

s
S eeP i c tet, p
.1 6.
' An t
.In d .Vol
.II .p .20 3.

4 Ibi d .p
.221 .
BookIV.ChapterI .S ec ti on 8

1 37
horn .
T heBullwas thebod y i n towhi c hO s i ri s tran s mi grated afterhi s d eath ; an d , las tly , the
Hebrewn ameforbulli s ' 1 1 L )
s ur.
O rpheus has ahy mn totheL ord Bull.
Is waraofIn d i aor
O s i ri s , i s thehus ban d of
Is i orofIs i s ; an d S ury ai s Bud d ha
.Can allthes ec oi n c i d en c es bethe
effec tofac c i d en t
?
"
O s i ri s , orIs i ri s , as S an c hon i athon c alls hi m, i s als othes amen amewi thM i z rai m, when the
" s erv i leletterM i s leftout ." 1
T hereas on ofthemon ogramM bei n gprefi xed tothi s , an d to
man y otherword s , wi llbes hewn by an d by
.
Ihav es omes us pi c i on that
O - s i n s
i s aG reekc orrupti on ; thatthen ameought, as alread y men -
ti on ed , tobewhati ti s c alled by Hellan i c us ,
Y s i ri s or Is i ri s , an d thati ti s d eri v ed from, orrather
Is hould s ay i s thes ameas ,
Is waraof In d i a. Is waraan d Is i arethes ameas O s i ri s an d Is i s - the
malean d femaleproc reati v epowers ofn ature
.
"
Is wara, i n S an s c ri t, s i gn i fi es L ord , an d i n thats en s ei s appli ed by theBraman s toeac h of
"
thei rthreepri n c i pald ei ti es , orrathertoeac hoftheforms i n whi c hthey teac hthepeopleto
" ad oreBrahm, orthe
G R E AT O
. . . . Brahma, Vi s hn u, an d M ahad ev a, s ay the
P uran i c s ,
" werebrothers
:
an d theE gy pti an tri ad , orO s i ri s , Horus , an d T y phon , werebroughtforthby
" thes ameparen t ." 2
S y ri awas c alled S uri a
.
E us ebi us s ay s theE gy pti an s c alled O s i ri s , S uri us , an d that, i n P ers i a,
S ure was theold n ame
of thes un . 3
In thes ol- lun arlegen d s
of
theHi n d oos , theS un i s , as wehav es een , s ometi mes malean d s ome-
ti mes female .
T heM oon i s als oofboths exes , an d i s c alled Is a an d Is i .' D eus L un us was c om
mon tos ev eraln ati on s ofthean c i en tworld
.'
T hepec uli armod ei n whi c htheHi n d oos i d en ti fy thei rthreegreatG od s wi ththes olarorb, i s a
c uri ous s pec i men ofthephy s i c alrefi n emen ts ofan c i en tmy thology
.
Atn i ghtan d i n theWes t,
theS un i s Vi s hn u
: hei s Bramai n theE as tan d i n themorn i n g
:
an d fromn oon toev en i n g, hei s
S i v a . 6
T head orati on ofablac ks ton ei s av ery s i n gulars upers ti ti on
.
L i keman y others upers ti ti on s
thi s als oc amefromIn d i a
. Bud d hawas ad ored as as q uareblac ks ton e ; s owas M erc ury ; s o
was theR oman T ermi n us
. T hefamous P es s i n un ti an s ton e, broughttoR ome, was s q uarean d
blac k .
T hes ac red blac ks ton eatM ec c aman y ofmy read ers areac q uai n ted wi th, an d G eorgethe
Fourthd i d v ery wi s ely tobec rown ed on thes q uares ton e, n earerblac kthan an y otherc olour, of
S c oti aan d Irelan d .
In M on tfauc on , ablac kIs i s an d O rus ared es c ri bed i n thepri n ti n g, butn oti n theplate . Is us -
pec tman y of
M on tfauc on ' s fi gures oughttobeblac k, whi c haren ots od es c ri bed . 7
P aus an i as s tates theT hes pi an s tohav ehad atemplean d s tatuetoJupi tertheS av i our, an d a
s tatuetoL ov e, c on s i s ti n gon ly ofarud es ton e
; an d atempletoVen us M elai n i s , or
theblac k .
s
Ammon was foun d ed by Blac kd ov es , Are- IWY es
. O n eofthemflewfromAmmon toD od on a
an d foun d ed i t .'
AtCori n ththerewas ablac kVen us . 1 0
In my s earc hi n totheori gi n ofan c i en tD rui d s , Ic on ti n ually foun d , atlas t, thatmy labours ter-
i n i n ated wi ths omethi n g
blac k . T hus theorac les atD od on a, an d ofApolloatD elphi , werefoun d ed
by
BL ACK d ov es .
D ov es aren otoften , Ibeli ev en ev erreally , blac k .
'
Cumberlan d , O ri g.G en .p .1 0 0 .

a
As i at .R es .Vol.III
.P
.37 1 ;
M oore' s P an theon , p .44 .
3 M aur .In d .An t .Vol.VI .p .39 .

4
M oore' s P an theon , pp .28 9 , 29 0 .

a
Ibi d .p .29 1 .
6 Faber, O r .Id ol.B.i v .Ch . i .

7
M on tf.E xp .Vol.II.P lateXXXVII
.Fi g.5 .
1 P aus an i as , L i b . i x.
Cap
.xxv i
.xxv i i .

9
N i mrod , p .27 6
.

1 0 Ibi d .p .40 0 .
1 38
Chri s tBlac k
O s i ri s an d hi s Bullwereblac k
;
alltheG od s an d G od d es s es ofG reec ewereblac k :
atleas tthi s
was thec as ewi thJupi ter, Bac c hus , Herc ules , Apollo, Ammon .
T heG od d es s es Ven us , Is i s , Hec ati , D i an a, Jun o, M eti s , Ceres , Cy bi le, areblac k
.T heM ulti -
i n ammi ai s blac ki n theCampi d ogli oatR ome, an d i n M on tfauc on , An ti q ui ty explai n ed
.
T heL i n ghams i n In d i a, an oi n ted wi thoi l, areblac k : ablac ks ton ewas ad ored i n n umbers of
plac es i n In d i a .
Ithas alread y been obs erv ed that, i n thegalleri es , wec on s tan tly s eebus ts an d s tatues ofthe
R oman E mperors , mad eoftwoki n d s ofs ton e
; thehuman partofthes tatue
ofblac k s ton e, the
d rapery whi te or c oloured .
When they arethus d es c ri bed , Is uppos ethey are
mean ttoberepre-
s en ted as pri es ts ofthes un
; thi s was probably c on fi n ed tothec elebrati on ofthe
Is i ac orE gy pti an
c eremon i es
.
9
.O n thec olouroftheG od s ofthean c i en ts , an d ofthei d en ti ty of themallwi ththeG od S ol,
an d wi ththeCri s tn a of In d i a, n othi n gmoren eed bes ai d
.
T heread erhas alread y s een thes tri k-
i n gmarks of s i mi lari ty i n thehi s tory ofCri s tn aan d thes tori es related ofJes us i n theR omi s h an d
hereti c albooks .
Heprobably wi lln otthi n kthatthei reffec ti s d es troy ed ,
as M r .M auri c eflatters
hi ms elf, by theword Cri s tn ai n theIn d i an lan guages i gn i fy i n gblac k,
an d theG od bei n gofthat
c olour, when hei s i n formed , of whatM r .M auri c ewas probably i gn oran t, thati n
all theR omi s h
c oun tri es ofE urope, i n Fran c e, Italy , G erman y , &c ., theG od Chri s t, as wellas hi s mother, are
d es c ri bed i n thei rold pi c tures an d s tatues tobeblac k
.
T hei n fan tG od i n thearms ofhi s blac k
mother, hi s ey es an d d rapery whi te, i s hi ms elfperfec tly blac k . Iftheread erd oubtmy word , he
may gotothec athed ralatM ouli n s - tothefamous c hapeloftheVi rgi n atL oretto- to
thec hurc h
oftheAn n un c i ata- thec hurc h of S t .L az aro, orthec hurc hofS t
.S tephen atG en oa- toS t
.Fran c i s c o
atP i s a- tothec hurc hatBri xen , i n theT y rol, an d tothatatP ad ua- tothec hurc h
ofS t .T heo-
d ore, atM un i c h, i n thetwolas tofwhi c hthewhi ten es s of
theey es an d teeth, an d thes tud i ed
red n es s oftheli ps , arev ery obs erv able
; - toac hurc han d tothec athed ralatAugs burg,
whereare
ablac kv i rgi n an d c hi ld as largeas li fe : - toR ome,
totheBorghes ec hapelM ari aM aggi ore- to
theP an theon - toas mallc hapelofS t .P eter' s , on theri ght- han d s i d eon
en teri n g, n earthed oor ;
an d , i n fac t, toalmos ti n n umerableotherc hurc hes , i n c oun tri es profes s i n gthe
R omi s hreli gi on .
T herei s s c arc ely an old c hurc hi n Italy wheres omeremai n s ofthewors hi pofthe
BL ACK VIR G IN
an d BL ACK CHIL D
aren ottobemetwi th . Very often theblac kfi gures hav egi v en way
towhi te
on es , an d i n thes ec as es theblac kon es , as bei n gheld s ac red , wereputi n toreti red plac es i n the
c hurc hes , butweren otd es troy ed , butarey ettobefoun d there . In man y c as es thei mages are
pai n ted allov eran d lookli kebron z e, often wi th
c oloured apron s orn apki n s roun d theloi n s
or
other , parts ; butpi c tures i n greatn umbers aretobes een , wherethewhi teoftheey es an d of
the
teeth, an d theli ps ali ttleti n ged wi thred , li ketheblac kfi gures i n theM us eumof
theIn d i aCom-
pan y , s hewthattherei s n oi mi tati on ofbron z e
. In man y i n s tan c es thes ei mages an d pi c tures are
s had ed , n otallon ec olour, ofv ery d arkbrown ,
s od arkas tolookli keblac k . T hey aregen erally
es teemed by therabblewi ththemos tprofoun d v en erati on
. T hetoes areoften whi te, thebrown
orblac kpai n tbei n gki s s ed away by thed ev otees , an d thewhi tewood left .
N od oubti n man y
plac es , when thepri es ts hav en ew- pai n ted thei mages , they hav ec oloured the
ey es , teeth, &c ., i n
ord erthatthey mi ghtn ots hoc kthefeeli n gs ofd ev otees by atoos ud d en c han gefromblac kto
whi te, an d i n ord er, atthes ameti me, thatthey mi ghtfurn i s had ec en tpreten c e forthei rblac k-
n es s , v i z .thatthey arean i mi tati on ofbron z e
: butthen umberthatareleftwi thwhi teteeth, &c
.,
letoutthes ec ret .
When thec i rc ums tan c ehas been n amed totheR omi s hpri es ts , they hav een d eav oured tod i s -
gui s ethefac t, by preten d i n gthatthec hi ld had bec omeblac kby thes mokeof
thec an d les ; buti t
was blac kwherethes mokeofac an d len ev erc ame
: an d , bes i d es , howc amethec an d les n otto
BookIV.ChapterI .S ec ti on 1 0

1 39
blac ken thewhi te of theey es , theteeth, an d thes hi rt, an d howc amethey tored d en theli ps ?
T hemotheri s , theauthorbeli ev es , alway s blac k, when thec hi ld i s
.
T hei rrealblac kn es s i s n otto
beq ues ti on ed for a momen t .
Iftheauthorhad wi s hed toi n v en tac i rc ums tan c etoc orroboratetheas s erti on ,
thattheR omi s h
Chri s tofE uropei s theCri s tn aofIn d i a, howc ould hehav ed es i red an y thi n gmores tri ki n gthan
thefac toftheblac kVi rgi n an d Chi ld bei n gs oc ommon i n theR omi s h c oun tri es ofE urope ? A
blac kv i rgi n an d c hi ld amon gthewhi teG erman s , S wi s s , Fren c h, an d Itali an s I
! !
T heR omi s hCri s tn ai s blac ki n In d i a, blac ki n E urope, an d blac khemus tremai n - li kethe
an c i en tG od s ofG reec e, as wehav ej us ts een
.But, afterall, whatwas hebutthei rJupi ter, the
s ec on d pers on ofthei rT ri murti orT ri n i ty , theL ogos ofP armen i d es an d P lato, an i n c arn ati on or
eman ati on ofthes olarpower ?
Imus tn owreq ues tmy read ertoturn bac ktothefi rs tc hapter, an d torec on s i d erwhatIhav e
s ai d res pec ti n gthetwoE thi opi as an d theexi s ten c eofa blac k n ati on i n av ery remoteperi od .
When hehas d on ethi s , thec i rc ums tan c eoftheblac kG od ofIn d i abei n gc alled Cri s tn a, an d the
G od ofItaly , Chri s t, bei n gals oblac k, mus tappearworthy ofd eepc on s i d erati on . Is i tpos s i ble,
thatthi s c oi n c i d en c ec an hav ebeen theeffec tofac c i d en t
?
In ouren d eav ours torec ov erthelos t
s c i en c eofformerages , i ti s n ec es s ary thatwes hould av ai lours elv es ofray s ofli ghts c attered i n
plac es themos tremote, an d thatwes hould en d eav ourtore- c ollec tthemi n toafoc us , s othat, by
thi s mean s , wemay proc ureas s tron gali ghtas pos s i ble : c ollec tas i n d us tri ous ly as wemay , our
li ghtwi lln otbetoos tron g.'
Ithi n kIn eed s ay n omorei n an s wertoM r .M auri c e' s s houts of tri umphov erthos ewhomhe
i n s ulti n gly c alls i mpi ous i n fi d els , res pec ti n gthen ameofCri s tn ahav i n gthemean i n gofblac k
. I
wi lln owproc eed tohi s other s olemn c on s i d erati on s .
1 0
.T hes ec on d parti c ulartowhi c hM r .M auri c ed es i res theatten ti on ofhi s read er, i s i n the
followi n gterms
: " 2d , L eti t, i n then extplac e, bec on s i d ered thatChrees hn a, s ofarfrombei n g
" thes on ofav i rgi n , i s d ec lared tohav ehad afatheran d motheri n thefles h, an d tohav ebeen
" the ei ghth c hi ld ofD ev ac i an d Vas ud ev a . Howi n c on c ei v ably d i fferen tthi s fromthes an c ti ty
" ofthei mmac ulatec on c epti on ofChri s t! "
Ian s wer, thatres pec ti n gthei r
bi rths they d i ffer
; butwhathas thi s tod owi ththepoi n ts
wherei n they agree ? N oon eev ers ai d they agreed i n ev ery mi n uteparti c ular . Y etIthi n k,
wi thres pec ttothei rhuman i ty , theagreemen tc on ti n ues .Ialway s un d ers tood thatJes us was
held by theR omi s han d P rotes tan tChurc hes tohav ebec ome i n c arn ate ; thattheword was mad e
fles h . 2 T hati s , thatJes us was ofthes ameki n d offles h, atleas t as hi s mother, an d als oas hi s
brothers , Jos es , James , &c . 3 i fheweren otofthefles hofhi s mother,
whatwas hebeforethe
umbi li c alc ord was c ut?
Itd oes n otappearfromthehi s tori es , whi c hwehav ey etobtai n ed , thatthei mmac ulatec on c ep-
' Butthoughthe Bullof O s i ri s was blac k, theBullof
E uropa
was whi te .T hes tory s tates thatJupi terfelli n lov e
wi thad aughterofAgen or, ki n gofP hoen i c i a, an d T elephas s a, an d i n ord ertoobtai n theobj ec t ofhi s affec ti on s he
c han ged hi ms elfi n toawhi tebull. Afterhehad s ed uc ed then y mphtoplay wi thhi man d c ares s hi mi n hi s pas ture
fors ometi me, atlas thepers uad ed hertomoun thi m, when hefled wi thhertoCrete, wherehes uc c eed ed i n hi s
wi s hes , an d by herhehad M i n os , S arped on , an d R had aman thus . Is i tn ec es s ary formetopoi n touttotheread eri n
thi s pretty allegory thepeopli n gofE uropefromP hoen i c i a,
an d theallus i on i n thec olourofthe Bull, v i z .whi te, to
thefai rc omplexi on s oftheE uropean s ?
An i n gen i ous explan ati on ofthi s allegory may bes een i n D rummon d ' s O ri _
gi n es ,
Vol.III .p .8 4 .
2
John , c h .i .v er .1 4.
3
1 look wi thperfec tc on tempton theri d i c ulous tras hwhi c hhas been putforthto
s hewthatthebrothers ofJes us ,
d es c ri bed i n theG os pels , d i d n otmean
brothers , butc ous i n s !
1 40

O bs erv ati on s ofM r

.M auri c e' s S olemn Con s i d erati on s
ti on
has been taken fromthehi s tory ofCri s tn a
.Howev er, wes hallfi n d hereafter, that, i n all
probabi li ty , i tc amefrom, thes ameq uarteroftheworld
.
M r
.M auri c eobs erv es , i d ly , "
T hati thas been , fromtheearli es tperi od s , thes av agec us tom
"
ofthed es pots ofAs i a, forthes akeofexti rpati n gon ed read ed obj ec t, tomas s ac reallthemales
" born i n aparti c ulard i s tri c t, an d thehi s tory ofM os es hi ms elfexhi bi ts aglari n gproofhow
" an c i en tly , an d howrelen tles s ly i twas prac ti s ed
." T hes tory ofM os es , P haraoh, an d theord er
tomurd ertheboy s oftheIs raeli tes , wi llbes hewn hereaftertohav eac ertai n my s ti c almean i n g
muc hc los ertotheIn d i an M y thos es , parti c ularly tothatoftheG od Cri s tn a, than M r
.M auri c e
would hav eli ked , had hekn own i t
.
4th . "
In hi s c on tes twi ththegreats erpen t, Cali j a, c i rc ums tan c es oc c urwhi c h, s i n c ethes tory
" i s , i n greatpart, my thologi c al,
i rres i s ti bly i mpelmetobeli ev ethat, i n that, as i n man y other
" porti on s ofthi s s urpri s i n glegen d , therei s areferen c ei n ten d ed tos ometrad i ti on alac c oun ts ,
d es c en d ed d own totheIn d i an s from.thepatri arc hs , an d c urren ti n As i a, ofthe
fallofman , an d
" thec on s eq uen twell- kn own d en un c i ati on agai n s tthes erpen ti n etempter
." T hi s li kethelas t
parti c ularprov es n othi n g.
5 th .
" In regard tothen umerous mi rac les wroughtby Chrees hn a, i ts hould beremembered , that
"
mi rac les aren ev erwan ti n gtothed ec orati on ofan In d i an roman c e
; they are, i n fac t, theli fe

an d s oulofthev as tmac hi n e
; n ori s i tatallas ubj ec tofwon d erthatthed ead s hould berai s ed

toli fe, i n ahi s tory expres s ly i n ten d ed , li keallothers ac red fables ofIn d i an fabri c ati on , forthe
"
propagati on an d s upportofthewhi ms i c ald oc tri n eoftheM etemps y c hos i s
.T heabov ei s the

mos ts ati s fac tory reply i n my powertogi v etos uc hd etermi n ed s c epti c s as M r

.Voln ey ."
1 1 .T hereas on s ofM r
.M auri c etoac c oun tforthehi s tory ofCri s tn aares oweak, thatthey
ev i d en tly d on otd es erv eamomen t' s c on s i d erati on
; an d , as wellas S i rW .Jon es ' s
HAP P Y AN D
IN G E N IO U S
theory ofi n terpolati on , areon ly n amed i n ord erthattheAuthormay n otbeac c us ed
ofs uppres s i n gthem
; thattheread ermay s eebowlearn ed d i v i n es explai n thes ematters
; an d
thathemay hearboths i d es .M r
.M auri c e' s j eerupon mi rac les n ev erbei n gwan ti n gtoan In d i an
roman c e, i s ratherhard upon s uc hofhi s fri en d s as beli ev e, oraffec ttobeli ev e, hi s tori es or
roman c es wheremi rac les arethev ery li fean d s oulofthe
mac hi n e,
tous ehi s own expres s i on
;
whi c h, i n fac t, c on s i s tofmi rac les fromon een d totheother
; an d hes eems tohav eforgotten that
mos toftheearly orthod oxfathers beli ev ed i n theM etemps y c hos i s
.
T heread erwi llpleas etorec ollec tthat- thec i rc ums tan c es related ofCri s tn ac ometous v ery
un wi lli n gly fromtheorthod ox
Jon es an d M auri c e ;
whetheran y others ofc on s eq uen c ewould be
foun d , i fwehad atran s lati on ofthewholeVed as , i s as y etun c ertai n
.Wi thoutan y reflec ti on
on thes egen tlemen , i tmay bepermi tted us tos ay , thatc i rc ums tan c es whi c hd i d n otappear
i mportan ttothem, mi ghton thes es ubj ec ts appearofgreatc on s eq uen c etoothers
.
S i rWi lli amJon es s tri v es tod ec ei v ehi ms elfi n toabeli ef, thatallthec y c les ors tatemen ts of
thed i fferen tas tron omi c alev en ts related i n theHi n d oobooks aretheprod uc eofmod ern bac k-
c alc ulati on s
.T hos ebooks arebroughtfromd i fferen tn ati on s ofIn d i a, s oremotean d n umerous ,
thati ti s
almos ti mpos s i ble
tos uppos ethemalltobetheeffec tofarti fi c e ; an d , when un i ted tothe
ev i d en textremean ti q ui ty oftheZod i ac s , an d s omeofthemon umen ts ofbothIn d i aan d E gy pt,
q ui tei mpos s i ble .
Allthi s hed i d forfearhi s fai thi n thec hron ology oftheBi ble, whi c hhed i d n ot
kn owhowtorec on c i letothatoftheIn d i an s , s hould bes haken
.Hi s i n c red uli ty i s s ogreatas to
beabs olutely ri d i c ulous c red uli ty
.Whatalamen tablefi gurei texhi bi ts oftheweakn es s ofmi n d ,
an d theeffec tofearly prej ud i c ean d parti aled uc ati on , i n on eofthegreates tan d v ery bes tof
men
!
In thes ameway thatli efi n d s apretexttod i s gui s etohi ms elfthec on s eq uen c es whi c hfollow
fromthegreatan ti q ui ty oftheIn d i an temples , books , an d as tron omy , hefi n d s an eq ually s ati s fac -
BookIV.ChapterI
.S ec ti on 1 3

1 41
tory reas on ford i s gui s i n gtheev i d en ti d en ti ty ofthehi s tory ofCri s tn a, oras hei s s ometi mes
c alled Heri - Cri s tn a, wi thChri s t, ( Heri mean s S av i our, ) by thei d lepreten c e, as wehav es een ,
thattheBrahmi n s , s omeway orother, hav egotc opi es ofpartoftheApoc ry phalG os pels , from
whi c hthey hav etaken thehi s tory ofthebi rth, li fe, an d ad v en tures , ofCri s tn a- thes egos pels bei n g
wri tten s ometi me, ofc ours e, afterthebi rthofJes us Chri s t .Howwon d erfully abs urd tos uppos e
thatallthean c i en temblems an d i d ols ofCri s tn ai n thetemples an d c av es , s c attered ov erev ery
partofIn d i a, an d abs olutely i d en ti fi ed wi ththen i n poi n tofan ti q ui ty , c an hav ebeen c opi ed from
theG os pels abouttheti meofJes us ! Howwon d erfully abs urd tos uppos ethattheBrabmi n s ,
an d peopleofthi s wi d ely - exten d ed empi re, s hould c on d es c en d toc opy fromtherealorc as t- away
s puri ous G os pels , ofas ec tatthatti mealmos ten ti rely un kn own ev en i n thei rown c oun try , an d
man y thous an d mi les d i s tan tfromthes eBrahmi n s !
1 2 .AfterM r .M auri c ed i s c ov ered thatthetruths whi c hhad been permi tted toappeari n the
As i ati c R es earc hes , an d i n hi s Hi s tory ofHi n d os tan an d An ti q ui ti es ofIn d i a, had been obs erv ed
by thephi los ophers , hepubli s hed ac oupleofpamphlets , thei n ten ti on ofwhi c hwas toremed y the
mi s c hi efwhi c hhehad d on e .Butthey c on tai n v ery li ttlemorethan whathehad s ai d before .
When theread erobs erv es thattheBrahmi n i c alhi s tori es n oton ly apply totheN ewT es tamen t
an d theApoc ry phalG os pelhi s tori es , butthattheJewi s hhi s tori es ofthec reati on an d fallofman ,
as tran s lated , n otby theR omi s hChurc hon ly , butby P rotes tan ts , areals oc los ely i n terwov en wi th
them, hewi lln oteas i ly bepers uad ed thatthey arec opi es ofthes eG os pels .T hebattleofthe
i n fan tCri s tn awi ththes erpen ti s c on s i d ered as thegreates tas wellas thefi rs tofallhi s won d erful
ac ti on s
.T hi s i s ev i d en tly theev i lpri n c i ple, thetempterofE v e, d es c ri bed i n thes phere : i ti s
ev i d en tly thegreates tofthev i c tori es oftheR omi s hJes us as wellas ofCri s tn a .Iti s thec on -
q ues ts ofHerc ules an d ofBac c hus , when i n thei rc rad les .IftheBrahmi n s had been merely i n ter-
polati n gfromtheG os pels , they would n othav etroubled thems elv es wi ththeO ld T es tamen t .
When apers on c on s i d ers thev as twealthan d powerwhi c hareputi n tod an gerby thes eIn d i an
man us c ri pts ; theprac ti c eby Chri s ti an pri es ts ofi n terpolati n gan d eras i n g, forthelas ttwo
thous an d y ears
;
thewell- kn own forgeri es prac ti s ed upon M r .Wi ls ford by aBrahmi n ; an d the
largeexportmaketoIn d i aoforthod oxan d mi s s i on ary pri es ts
; hewi lln otbes urpri s ed
i f s ome
c opi es of thebooks s hould makethei rappearan c ewan ti n gc ertai n parti c ulars i n theli fe of Cri s tn a
butthi s wi llhard ly n owben oti c ed by thephi los ophi c ali n q ui rer
; parti c ularly as thefi gures i n the
temples c an n otbe i n terpolated , n orv ery eas i ly eras ed .N od oubtthi s obs erv ati on i s c alc ulated
togi v epai n tohon ourablemen amon gthepri es ts ; - butthey c an n otberes pon s i ble, as they c an n ot
c on troulthei rc oad j utors , tooman y ofwhomhav ei n allages los ts i ghtofhon es ty an d i n tegri ty , i n
thi n gs ofthi s ki n d .
T heHi n d oos , farfromlabouri n gtomakepros ely tes tothei rreli gi on , d on otad mi ti n toi tthos e
whohav ebeen born i n an d profes s ed an y otherfai th
.T hey s ay that, prov i d ed men performthei r
morald uti es i n abs tai n i n gfromi ll, an d i n d oi n ggood totheutmos tofthei rabi li ty , i ti s butof
li ttlei mportan c eun d erwhatforms they wors hi pG od
; thatthi n gs s ui tabletoon epeoplemay be
un fi tforan other ; an d thattos uppos ethatG od prefers an y on eparti c ularreli gi on totheexc lus i on
ofothers , an d y etleav es n umbers ofhi s c reatures i gn oran tofhi s wi ll, i s toac c us ehi mofi n j us ti c e,
ortoq ues ti on hi s omn i poten c e .' Iwi s hourpri es ts would atten d tothes oun d wi s d oman d
ben ev olen c eofthes epeople, c alled by ourmi s s i on ari es i gn oran tan d ben i ghted
.
1 3.In reply totheobs erv ati on ofs uc hpers on s as hav ec on ten d ed thattheHi n d oos hav emad e
us eofbac k- rec kon i n g, M r .Craufurd perti n en tly obs erv es , ` 1 T hattobeabletod os o, i mpli es a
' Craufurd ' s R es earc hes , Ch
.i i .p .1 5 8 .
1 42
Bac kR ec kon i n g- M aturea

moreac c urateprac ti c ei n as tron omy than theHi n d us s eemtopos s es s

; fori ti s ev i d en tthat

thei rkn owled gei n s c i en c ean d learn i n g, i n s tead ofbei n gi mprov ed , has greatly d ec li n ed fromwhat
i tappears tohav ebeen i n theremoteages ofthei rhi s tory
.An d , bes i d es , forwhatpurpos e
" s hould they takes uc hpai n s ?
Itmay pos s i bly bean s wered , fromthev an i ty ofwi s hi n gto
" prov ethes uperi oran ti q ui ty ofthei rlearn i n gtothatofothern ati on s
.Wec on fes s thatthe

obs erv ati on , un s upported by otherproofs , appears tous un worthy ofmen oflearn i n g, whomwe
s hould expec ttofi n d res ti n gthei rargumen ts on s c i en ti fi c proofs on ly
. " '
N od oubti ti s extremely d i ffi c ulttoarri v e, on thi s s ubj ec t, atmathemati c alc ertai n ty orproof,
buty eti tmay probably bes afely c on c lud ed that, i fprec on c ei v ed n oti on s res pec ti n gd an gertothe
li teralmean i n goftheM os ai c texthad n ots tood i n theway , n od i ffi c ulty would hav ebeen
foun d i n ad mi tti n gthes uffi c i en c y oftheev i d en c eoftheHi n d ooan ti q ui ty
.Its tron gly c alls to
rec ollec ti on thes trugglean d outc ry mad eagai n s tWalton an d others foras s erti n gthatthe
M az oreti c poi n ts , i n theHebrewlan guage, wereofmod ern ad opti on
.As lon gas thed i s c ov ery
was s uppos ed toen d an gerthereli gi on , theproofs werepron oun c ed tobealtogetheri n s uffi c i en t ;
butas s oon as i thad been s hewn thatthereli gi on was i n n od an ger, thetruthofthen ewtheory
was almos tun i v ers ally ad mi tted
.E xac tly s i mi larwould bethec as eoftheHi n d ooas tron omi c al
peri od s i fi tc ould bes hewn thatreli gi on was n oti mpli c ated i n theq ues ti on
.T heauthorhas n o
d oubtofthes i d eoftheq ues ti on whi c han y un prej ud i c ed pers on wi lltake, whowi llc arefully read
ov ertheworks ofP lay fai r, an d theE d i n burghR ev i ew, upon thi s s ubj ec t, an d Craufurd ' s R e-
s earc hes , an d hi s S ketc hes .
2
Howev er, therei s apas s agei n Arri an , whi c hprov es thaton eofthegreatlead i n gfac ts , whi c h
forms apoi n tofs tri ki n gs i mi lari ty between theCri s tn aofIn d i aan d theChri s tofE urope, was
n ottaken fromtheG os pels afterJes us ' s d eath, butwas ac tually as tory relati n gtoCri s tn a, i n
exi s ten c ei n theti meofAlexan d ertheG reat
.T heread erhas s een alread y allthec uri ous c i rc um-
s tan c es n arrated i n theG os pelhi s tori es , an d by Athan as i us an d E us ebi us , res pec ti n gthec i ty of
M atareai n E gy pt, towhi c hplac eJes us fled fromHerod
.Hehas als os een thati twas atM athura
ofIn d i a, wheretheholy fami ly ofCri s tn ares i d ed i n hi s i n fan c y
.In afuturepartofthi s work
Is halls hew, thatHerc ules an d Bac c hus areboththes ame, theS un - on ei n T aurus , the
otheri n Ari es
.T hen thefollowi n gpas s agefromtheE d i n burghR ev i ew, ofthearti c leAs i ati c
R es earc hes , Vol.XV.p
.1 8 5 , wi llprov emos tc learly , an d bey on d alld oubt, thatthehi s tory of
Cri s tn a, hi s res i d en c eatM atarea, &c
., c an n othav ebeen c opi ed fromthehi s tori es i n thes puri ous
G os pels ;
butmus thav ebeen old erthan theti meofAlexan d ertheG reat
.
" Arri an ( Ch .v i i i
.) proc eed s torelatethatHerc ules was fi fteen c en turi es laterthan Bac c hus
.

Wehav ealread y s een thatBac c hus was S i v a

; an d M egas then es d i s ti n c tly poi n ts outwhat
" In d i an d i v i n i ty i s mean tby Herc ules
. I
Hewas c hi efly ad ored ( s ay s Arri an ) by theS uras en i ,
" ` whopos s es s twolargec i ti es , M ethoraan d Cli s s obora
.T heJobares , an av i gableri v er, flows
" ` throughthei rterri tori es
.' N owHeri c hri s n a, thec hi efoftheS uras en i , was born i n themetro-

poli s ofthei rc oun try , M athura : an d theri v erJamun aflows throughtheterri tory ofthe

S uras en i , M athurabei n gs i tuated on i ts ban ks , an d c alled by P tolemy , M aturaD eorum

; whi c h
c an on ly beac c oun ted forby i ts bei n gthebi rth- plac eofChri s tn a
; " i n fac t, ofthetri pli c ate
G od Brahma, Cri s tn a, an d S eev a, threei n on ean d on ei n three- theCreator, theP res erv eror
S av i our, an d theD es troy erorR egen erator
.T hegreatc i ty ofM athuraorM ethora, an d the
ri v er
Craufurd ' s R es .Ch .v i i i .p
.1 7 .
" E d i n b .R ev i ew, Vol.XV.p
.41 4, Vol.X.p .469 , als oVol.XVI .pp
.39 0 , 39 1 ; s eeals oT ran s .R oy alS oc
.of
E d i n burgh, Vol.Il.pp
.1 5 5 , 1 60 , 1 69 , 1 8 5 , Vol.IV.pp
.8 3, 1 0 3.
Book .IV.ChapterI . S ec ti on 1 3

1 43
Jobares
orJumn a, c ould n otbec alled afterthec i ty orri v eri n E gy pti n ac c ommod ati on tothe
Chri s ti an s tory .
T hes tatueofCri s tn ai n thetempleofM athurai s blac k, an d thetemplei s bui lti n theformof
ac ros s , ' an d s tan d s d ueE as tan d Wes t
. " Iti s ev i d en ttheHi n d oos mus thav ekn own the
" us eoftheG n omon atav ery remoteperi od .
T hei rreli gi on c omman d s thatthefours i d es of
"
thei rtemples s hould c orres pon d wi ththefourc ard i n alpoi n ts oftheHeav en s , an d they areall

s oc on s truc ted ." 2

Iti s toberegretted thatArri an has n otgi v en amored etai led ac c oun t ; buti n thefac twhi c h
hegi v es ofHeri - Cri s tn a, Herc ules ortheS un , bei n gwors hi ped atM athura, c alled by P tolemy
M aturaD eorum, therei s q ui teen oughtos ati s fy an y pers on whoc hoos es tous ehi s un d ers tan d i n g,
ofthean ti q ui ty ofthehi s tory . 3
M r
.Bry an ts ay s , " Iti s remarkablethatamon gs omeO ri en tallan guages M atareas i gn i fi es the
" s un . T hi s may beprov ed fromtheM alay an lan guage, expres s ed M atahari i , an d M atta- harri ,
" an d M attowray e, an d M atta' ree, an d fromthatoftheS umatran s atAc heen . Its eems tobea
" c ompoun d ofM attaan d R ee, thean c i en tE gy pti an word fortheS un , whi c hi s s ti llretai n ed i n
"
theCopti c , an d , wi ththeas pi rate, i s ren d ered P hree ." T hi s P hreei s , Id oubtn ot, theCopti c
IP H, explai n ed i n my
Celti c D rui d s ,
4
tomean then umber60 8 , ofwhi c hIs hallhav emuc hto
s ay hereafter .
S trabos s ay s , thatc los etoHeli opoli s was ac i ty c alled
Cerc es ura . T hi s n amean d the Cerc a-
s orum
ofHerod otus , are, Id on otd oubt, c orrupti on s of
Cli s s obora .
In theClas s i c alJourn alwi llbefoun d an attempt, by D r .Ad amClarke, toi n v ali d atewhatM r .
M auri c ehas s ai d res pec ti n gCri s tn atread i n gon thes erpen t' s head , an d , i n return , thes erpen t
bi ti n ghi s heel. Hes eems tohav eren d ered i td oubtfulwhethertherewerepi c tures , ori c on s , of
thes erpen tbi ti n gtheheel, butthebi ti n gofthefoot, Ithi n k, i s ad mi tted by thelearn ed D oc tor
.It
i s ofli ttlec on s eq uen c e : buttheread ermus tobs erv ethat, s i n c egen tlemen oftheD oc tor' s warmth
oftemperan d z ealhav ec on s i d ered thi s tobei n i mi c altothei rs y s tem, thes amec aus ewhi c hpre-
v en ts ourfi n d i n gan y i c on s orpi c tures ofWi ttoba, ( ofwhi c hmy read erwi llbei n formed s hortly , )
probably prev en ts ourfi n d i n gexemplars ofthebi ti n gs erpen t . Its eems perfec tly i n keepi n gwi th
theremai n d erofthes y s tem, parti c ularly wi ththed oc tri n eofO ri gi n alS i n , whi c hi s kn own tobe
on eoftheHi n d ooten ets , an d forthi s an d otherreas on s , Ic on fes s Ibeli ev eM r .M auri c e, although
Ithereby bec ome, ac c ord i n gtotheD oc tor' s expres s i on , an In fi d elan d av i per
.T hefollowi n g
pas s agei s fromS on n erat, an d 1 thi n ki tmus tberegard ed as fully j us ti fy i n gM r
.M auri c e : C' es t
i n md moi red ec etev en emen tq ued an s les temples d eVi c hn ou, d ed i es a c ettei n c arn ati on , on re-
pres en teQui c hen alec orps en torti lld d ' un e c ouleuv rec apelle, q ui lui mord lepi ed , tan d i s q u' i les t
pei n t, d an s un autretableau, d an s an ts urlateted ec ettememec ouleuv re . S es s ec tateuc s on t
ord i n ai remen tc es d euxtableauxd an s leurs mai s on s
. 6
D r.Clarkes ay s , " Ihav eprov ed , an d s omi ghtan y man , thatn o s erpen t, i n thec ommon s en s e

oftheterm, c an bei n ten d ed i n thethi rd c hapterofG en es i s ; thatallthec i rc ums tan c es ofthe

"
c as e, as d etai led by thei n s pi red pen man , arei n totalhos ti li ty tothec ommon mod eofi n terpre-

tati on , an d thats omeothermethod s hould befoun d out ." 7 Ipartly agreewi ththeD oc tor ; but
'
M aur .In d .An t . Vol.II .p .35 5 .

'
Craufurd ' s R es . Vol.II .p .1 8 .
' M an y of
theBrahmi n s , d ec larethatthere
i s n on eed tos en d mi s s i on ari es toc on v ertthem
; thati twould better
bec omeus toc on v ertours elv es , by throwi n goi lthec orrupti on s ofourreli gi on , whi c hi s on ly abran c hors ec t of
thei rs
; thatourJes us i s thei rCri s tn a, an d thatheoughttobeblac k .
* Ap .p
.30 8 .

z
L i b .
xv i i .

6 Voy ageauxIn d . Vol.I .pp .1 68 , 1 69 , s eeplates , fi g. 5 , 6 .

7
Clas s
.Jour ., N o .VI .Jun e,
1 8 1 1 , p .440 .
1 4 4 Cruc i fi xi on ofCri s tn a, an d Wi ttobaorBalj i i
begleav etoad d , thatwi thoutd es erv i n gtobec alled Vi perorIn fi d el, Ihav eas muc hri ghttoc on -
s i d erthewholeas an allegory ,
as hehas toc on s i d erthes erpen ttobean ape .
Butherei s the
D oc torn otbeli ev i n gac c ord i n gtotheorthod oxfai th
. T hen , on hi s own s pewi n g, hemus tbe
bothIn fi d elan d Vi per .
ButG od forbi d thati ts hould bemeted tothi s P rotes tan thereti c , as he
metes toothers
.
T heobs erv ati on whi c hD r
.Clarkehas mad ei s extremely v aluable, thati n thed rawi n gs ofS on -
n eratthes erpen ti s n otbi ti n gthe
HE E L ofCri s tn a, butthes i d eofthefoot
. T hi s c learly s hews
thatthey aren ots erv i lec opi es ofon ean other
; butrec ord s ofamy thos s ubs tan ti ally thes ame .
Had theHi n d oos c opi ed fromtheBi ble, they would hav emad ethes erpen tbi tetheheel, whether
i twereofthemotherorofthes on
.
IftheauthorofG en es i s c opi ed fromtheHi n d oo, i n maki n g
thes erpen tbi tetheheel, hes ubs tan ti ally , an d toalli n ten ts an d purpos es , mad ehi mbi tethefoot
.
Butthetwoac c oun ts aren otmutually c on v erti bleon efortheother
.T hi s s tory ofCri s tn aan d
thes erpen tbi ti n ghi s foot, i s ofi ts elfalon es uffi c i en ttoprov e, thatthemy thos ofCri s tn ai s n ot
taken fromtheR omi s horG reekreli gi on ofJes us Chri s t, bec aus ei n i tthemother, n otthes on ,
brui s es thes erpen t : Ips ac on taretc aputtuum, &c
. 1
In afuturec hapter, Is halltakean opportun i ty ofs ay i n gmuc hmoreon thes ubj ec tofthe
In d i an Herc ules .
CHAP T E R II
Cruc i fi xi on ofCri s tn a, an d WT i ttobaorBalj i i - M oore' s O bs erv ati on s refuted -
M oreparti c ulars res pec ti n gtheT empleofWi ttoba- Cri s tn a, Bac c hus , Her-
c ules , &c
., T y pes oftheR ealS av i our- T aurus an d Ari es , an d 2E raofCri s tn a-
Immac ulateCon c epti on , fromtheHi s tory ofP y thagoras .
I
.Iv c ompli an c ewi ththerulewhi c hIhav elai d d own fortheregulati on ofmy c on d uc t, c ri ti -
c ally toexami n eev ery thi n grelati n gi n an y d egreetomy s ubj ec twi ththemos ti mparti als ev eri ty ,
n othi n gtos uppres s , an d n othi n gofi mportan c etoad d , wi thouts tati n gtheauthori ty on whi c hI
rec ei v ei t, - In owpres en tmy read erwi thtwov ery extraord i n ary hi s tori es relati n gtothec ruc i -
fi xi on . Is ay ,
fi atv eri tas ruatc telum.
N othi n gc an i n j urethec aus eofreli gi ous truth, exc ept,
i n d eed , i tbethefals i ti es , s uppres s i on s , pi ous fraud s , an d wan tofc an d ourofthepri es ts , an d ofi ts
weakan d i ll- j ud gi n gfri en d s .
T hepi ous fraud s ofthepri es ts ofallreli gi on s , i mperi ous ly d eman d
ofthephi los ophi z i n gc ri ti c themos ts ev erean d s us pi c i ous exami n ati on . An d whetherthepri es ts
ofthemod ern Bri ti s hc hurc haretoforman exc epti on , wi llbeas ubj ec tofi n q ui ry i n thes ec on d
partofthi s work .
In theworkofM on s .G ui gn i aut 2 i s thefollowi n gpas s age
" O n rac on tefortd i v ers emen tlamortd eCri c hn a .
U n etrad i ti on remarq uableetav d r6elefai t
"
peri rs urun boi s fatal( un arbre) , oui tfutc loud d ' un c oupd eflec he, etd uhautd uq ueli tpred i t
"
les mauxq ui allai en tfon d res urlaterre, d an s leCali - y ouga . 3 E n effet, tren teoutren te- s i xan s
"
apres , c ommen c ac etaged ec ri mes , etd emi s eres .
U n eautretrad i ti on aj outeq uelec orps d e
'
Vulgate .

2
Vol.I
.P
.20 8 .
3 T heword
Y ug orY ouga i s ev i d en tly thes ameword as theE n gli s hword
age, bothhav i n gthes amemean i n g.
P aul, S i s t .B .pp .1 49 ,
ets q . ; v i d eS on n erat, I .pp .1 69 , ets q
. ;
P oli er,
II .pp .1 44, 1 62, ets q .
BookIV.ChapterII
.S ec ti on 2

1 45
I' homme- d i eufutc han geen un tron c d e tc han d an aon s an d al; etq u' ay an t ete j eted an s l' Y amou-
n a, pres d eM athoura, i tpas s ad e la d an s les eauxs ai n tes d uG an ge, q ui leporteren ts urlac 6te
d ' O ri s s a : i ty es ten c oread ore
a
D j agan n athaon Jagren at, li eu fameuxparles peleri n ages , c omtn e
les y mboled ereprod uc ti on etd elav i e
.' 1 1 es tc ertai n men tfortremarkable, q uelq ues v ari an tes
q uel' on pui s s e, d ec ouv ri rd an s les d i fferen s rec i ts , d ev oi rS i v aetCri c hn areun i s a
D j agan n atha,
n omq ui s i gn i fi e lepay s d umai tred umon d e, en s ous - en ten d an tK c hetra ; c ar, parlui - man e, c e
n omes tun eepi theted eCri c hn a .L aM y thologi eE gy pti en n en oes offri raun etrad i ti on s urle
c orps d ' O s i ri s , touteafai tan alogue
a
lad ern i ereq uen ous v erron s d erapporter . 2
T hefi rs tpartoftheabov e- c i ted pas s ageres pec ti n gthen ai li n gofCri s tn atothefataltree, an d
hi s pred i c ti on ofthefutureev i ls oftheworld , i s v ery remarkable, parti c ularly when c oupled wi th
thefollowi n grec i tal
M r
.M oored es c ri bes an Av atarc alled Wi ttoba, whohas hi s footpi erc ed
.Afters tati n gthe
reas on why hec an n otac c oun tfori t, he
s ay s , "
Aman whowas i n thehabi tofbri n gi n gmeHi n -

d ood ei ti es , pi c tures , &c

., on c ebroughtmetwoi mages exac tly ali ke
: on eofthemi s en grav ed
"
i n plate9 8 , an d thes ubj ec tofi twi llbeaton c es een by themos ttran s i en tglan c e
.Affec ti n g
"
i n d i fferen c e, Ii n q ui red ofmy P un d i twhatD ev ai twas :
heexami n ed i tatten ti v ely , an d , after

turn i n gi taboutfors ometi me, return ed i ttome, profes s i n ghi s i gn oran c eofwhatAv atari t

c ould i mmed i ately relateto, buts uppos ed , by theholei n thefoot, thati tmi ghtbeWi ttoba
;

ad d i n g, thati twas i mpos s i bletorec ollec tthealmos ti n n umerableAv ataras d es c ri bed i n the
" P uran as
.
" T hes ubj ec tofplate9 8 i s ev i d en tly thec ruc i fi xi on
; an d , by thes ty leofworkman s hi p, i s
"
c learly ofE uropean ori gi n , as i s prov ed als oby i ts bei n gi n d upli c ate ." - 3
T hi s i n c arn ati on ofVi s hn uor CR IS T N A i s c alled Wi ttobaorBallaj i .Hehas as plen d i d temple
erec ted tohi matP un d erpoor
.L i ttleres pec ti n gthi s i n c arn ati on i s kn own
.As tory ofhi mi s
d etai led by M r
.M oore, whi c hheobs erv es remi n d s hi mofthed oc tri n e of
turn i n gtheun s mote
c heektoan as s ai lan t
. T hi s G od i s repres en ted by M oorewi thaholeon thetopofon efootj us t
abov ethetoes , wherethen ai lofapers on c ruc i fi ed mi ghtbes uppos ed tobeplac ed
.An d , i n
an otherpri n t, hei s repres en ted exac tly i n theformofaR omi s hc ruc i fi x, butn otfi xed toapi ec e
ofwood , thoughthelegs an d feetareputtogetheri n theus ualway , wi than ai l- holei n thelatter
.
T hereappears tobeaglory ov eri tc omi n g
fromabov e .
G en erally theglory s hi n es fromthe
fi gure .
Ithas apoi n ted P arthi an c oron eti n s tead ofac rown ofthorn s
.Iapprehen d thi s i s
totally un us uali n ourc ruc i fi xes .When Irec ollec tthec ruc i fi xon thefi retoweri n S c otlan d ,
( Celti c D rui d s , plate24, ) wi ththeL ambon on es i d e, an d theE lephan t
on theother, an d allthe
c i rc ums tan c es atten d i n gthi s Av atar, Iami n d uc ed tos us pec tIhav ebeen toohas ty i n d eter-
mi n i n gthatthefi retowerwas mod ern bec aus ei thad theeffi gy ofac ruc i fi ed man upon i t, an d
relati n gtothi s wes hallfi n d s omethi n gv ery c uri ous hereafter
.
AlltheAv atars ori n c arn ati on s ofVi s hn uarepai n ted wi thE thi opi an orP arthi an c oron ets
. 4
N ow, i n M oore' s P an theon , theAv atarofWi ttobai s thus pai n ted ;
butChri s ton thec ros s , though
often d es c ri bed wi thaglory , Ibeli ev ei s n ev erd es c ri bed wi ththeCoron et
.T hi s prov es thatthe
fi gured es c ri bed i n M oore' s P an theon i s n otaP ortugues ec ruc i fi x .Vi d eplates , fi g. 7 ,
2.M r .M ooreen d eav ours toprov ethatthi s c ruc i fi xc an n otbeHi n d oo, bec aus ethereared upli -
c ates ofi tfromthes amemould , an d hec on ten d s thattheHi n d oos c an on ly makeon ec as tfrom
1 Voy . L an gles .M on um., I ., p . 1 8 6, c on f pp.1 27 , et .s q .
s
R eli gi on s d eL ' An ti q ui ti e, D uD r .Fred eri c Creuz er, parJ
. .D .G ui gn i aut
.P ari s , T reutteletWurtz , R ued e
Bourbon , N o
.1 7 . 1 8 25 .
M oore' s In d
.P an theon , pp .9 8 , 41 6, 420
.

4
Jon es , As i ati c R es . Vol.I
.p
.260 . 4to .
1 46
M oore' s O bs erv ati on R efuted
on emould , themould bei n gmad eofc lay , Butheoughttohav ed epos i ted thetwos pec i men s
wherethey c ould hav ebeen exami n ed , toas c ertai n thatthey wered upli c ates
.Bes i d es , howd oes
hekn owthattheHi n d oos , whoares oi n gen i ous , had n otthev ery s i mpleartofmaki n gc as ts from
thebras s fi gure, as wellas c lay mould s fromtheon eofwax ? N othi n gc ould bemoreeas y .T he
c ruc i fi ed bod y wi thoutthec ros s ofwood remi n d s methats omeofthean c i en ts ec ts ofhereti c s
held Jes us tohav ebeen c ruc i fi ed i n thec loud s .
M on tfauc on s ay s , " Whatc an bethereas on that, i n themos tc ommon med als , s omethous an d s
"
ofwhi c hmi ghtbegotup, wen ev erc an fi n d twos truc kwi ththes amed i e, thoughthe
i mpres - s i on
an d i n s c ri pti on bes ti llthes ame ? T hi s i s s oc on s tan tly true, thatwhen ev erwefi n d two
" med als whi c happeartobes truc kwi ththes amed i e, wealway s s us pec ton ei s amod ern pi ec e
" c oi n ed fromtheother, an d upon s tri c texami n ati on fi n d i talway s i s s o
." 1
Iv ery muc hs us pec tthati ti s froms omes tory n owun kn own ,
orkeptout of s i ght, relati n gto
thi s Av atar, thatthean c i en thereti c s allud ed tobeforeobtai n ed thei rtrad i ti on ofJes us hav i n g
been c ruc i fi ed i n thec loud s .T hetempleatP un d erpoord es erv es tobes earc hed , althoughthe
res ultofthi s s earc hwould gi v ebutli ttles ati s fac ti on , un les s i tweremad eby apers on ofav ery
d i fferen tc harac terfromthatofourmi s s i on ari es .T heargumen tres pec ti n gthed upli c ates on
whi c hM r
.M ooreplac es hi s c hi efd epen d en c etoprov ei tChri s ti an , aton c efalls tothegroun d
when i ti s kn own thattheas s erti on i s n ottrue : d upli c ates ofbras s i d ols , oratleas tc opi es s o
n earthati ti s v ery d i ffi c ulttod i s ti n gus hthem, ortos ay thatthey aren otd upli c ates fromthe
s amemould c oars ely an d un s ki lfully mad e, may bes een attheM us eumattheIn d i aHous e ; an d
als oi n thatoftheAs i ati c S oc i ety i n G rafton S treet, wheretherearewhatIbeli ev etobed upli -
c ates offi gures fromthes amemould
.Ithereforethi n ki tmus tremai n aWi ttoba
.Butthe
read erhas s een whatIhav efoun d i n M on tfauc on , an d hemus tj ud gefor- hi ms elf .
T hatn othi n gmorei s kn own res pec ti n gthi s Av atar, Ic an n othelps us pec ti n gmay beattri buted
tothes ameki n d offeeli n gwhi c hi n d uc ed M r .M oore' s fri en d towi s hhi mtoremov ethi s pri n t
fromhi s book .T hei n n umerablepi ous fraud s ofwhi c hChri s ti an pri es ts s tan d c on v i c ted , an d the
pri n c i pleoftheexped i en c y offraud ad mi tted tohav eexi s ted by M os hei m, areaperfec tj us ti fi c a-
ti on ofmy s us pi c i on s res pec ti n gthec on c ealmen tofthehi s tory ofthi s Av atar : es pec i ally as I
c an fi n d n oWi ttobas i n an y ofthec ollec ti on s .Irepeat, Ic an n othelps us pec ti n g, thati ti s from
thi s Av atarofCri s tn athatthes ec tofChri s ti an hereti c s gotthei rChri s tc ruc i fi ed i n the
c loud s .
L on gaftertheabov ewas wri tten , Iac c i d en tally looked i n toM oore' s P an theon , attheBri ti s h
M us eum, wherei tappears thatthec opy i s an earli eri mpres s i on than theformerwhi c hIhad
c on s ulted : an d Id i s c ov ered s omethi n gwhi c hM r .M oorehas apparen tly n otd ared totellus , v i z
.
thati n s ev eralofthei c on s ofWi ttoba, therearemarks ofholes i n bothfeet, an d i n others , of
holes i n thehan d s .In thefi rs tc opy whi c hIc on s ulted , themarks arev ery fai n t, s oas tobe
s c arc ely v i s i ble
.In fi gures 4an d 5 ofplate1 l, thefi gures hav en ai l- holes i n bothfeet .Fi g
.3
has aholei n on ehan d
.Fi g.6has on hi s s i d ethemarkofafoot, an d ali ttleloweri n thes i d ea
roun d hole ; tohi s c ollarors hi rthan gs theorn amen toremblemof a heart, whi c hwegen erally
s eei n theR omi s hpi c tures ofChri s t
; on hi s head hehas an Y on i - L i n ga .In plate1 2, an d i n plate
9 7 , li ehas aroun d marki n thepalmofthehan d .O fthi s las t, M r .M oores ay s , "
T hi s c as ti s i n
" fi v epi ec es :
thebac kli fts outofs oc kets - i n theped es tal, an d ad mi ts thefi gures tos li d ebac k-
" ward s outofthegroov es i n whi c hthey arefi tted
: i ti s then s een thatthes ev en - head ed
N aga
` ( c obra) , j oi n ed tothefi gure, c on ti n ues hi s s c aly len gthd own Ballaj i ' s bac k, an d maki n gtwo
" c on v oluti on s un d erhi mforms hi s s eat
: as ec on d s horters n ake, als opartofthefi gure, pro-
' An t .E xp .S upplemen t, Vol.III .B. Y . p.329 .
BookIV
.ChapterII .S ec ti on 3
"
trud es i ts head , an d makes as eatforBallaj i ' s ri ghtfoot, an d termi n ates wi ththeothers n ake
"
behi n d hi m.
U n les s thi s refertothes amelegen d as Cri s hn ac rus hi n gK ali y a, Ikn own oti ts
" allus i on
." '
Fi gure1 , plate9 1 , ofM oore' s P an theon , i s aHan uman , buti ti s remarkablethati thas ahole
i n on efoot, an ai lthroughtheother, aroun d n ai lmarki n thepalmofon ehan d an d on thekn uc kle
oftheother, an d i s orn amen ted wi thd ov es an d afi v e- head ed Cobras n ake
.
Iti s un fortun ate, perhaps i thas been thoughtprud en t, thattheori gi n als aren oti n theM us eum
tobeexami n ed
.Buti ti s pretty c learthattheR omi s han d P rotes tan tc ruc i fi xi on ofJes us mus t
hav ebeen taken fromtheAv atarofBallaj i , ortheAv atarofBallaj i fromi t, orbothfromac om-
mon my thos .
In thi s Av atarthefi rs tv ers eofG en es i s appears tobec los ely c on n ec ted wi ththec ruc i fi xi on
an d thed oc tri n eoftheAton emen t
.T hes ev en - head ed Cobra, i n on ei n s tan c e, an d thefooton
thebead ofthes erpen ti n others , un i tehi mwi thS ury aan d Bud d ha
.S omeofthes efi gures hav e
glori es atthebac kofthem
.In Calmet' s Fragmen ts , Cri s tn ahas theglory .S omeofthemarks
on theban d s Is hould n othav es us pec ted toben ai l- marks , i fthey had n otbeen ac c ompan i ed wi th
theotherc i rc ums tan c es
:
fortheread erwi lls eethatthey ared oublec i rc les
.T hen ai l- holes may
hav ebeen orn amen ted forthes akeofd oi n gthemhon our, fromthes amefeeli n gwhi c hmakes the
d i s grac efulc ros s i ts elfan emblemofhon our
.Ihav es een man y Bud d has perfec tly n aked , wi th a
s malllotus floweri n thepalms ofthehan d s an d on thec en treofthes oles ofthefeet
.T hemark
i n thes i d ei s worthy ofobs erv ati on an d i s un explai n ed
.Ic on fes s i ts eems tometobev ery s us -
pi c i ous , thatthei c on s ofWi ttobaare
n o
where
tobes een i n thec ollec ti on s ofours oc i eti es .
M r
.M ooregi v es an ac c oun tofan i n fluen c een d eav oured tobeexerc i s ed upon hi m, toi n d uc e
hi mn ottopubli s hthepri n t, forfearofgi v i n goffen c e
.Ifi tweren othi n gbutac ommon c ruc i fi x,
why s hould i tgi v eoffen c e
?
3
.Itc an n otan d wi lln otbed en i ed , thatthes ec i rc ums tan c es makethi s Av ataran d i ts temples
atT erputty , i n theCarn ati c , an d P un d erpoorn earP oon ah, themos ti n teres ti n gtotheChri s ti an
world ofan y i n In d i a
.P i lgri mages aremad etotheformer, parti c ularly fromG uz erat
.Why hav e
n ots omeofourn umerous mi s s i on ari es exami n ed them? Wi llan y pers on beli ev ethatthey hav e
n ot ?
Why i s n ottheac c oun tofthes earc hi n thepubli s hed tran s ac ti on s oftheM i s s i on ary S o-
c i ety ?
T herei s plen ty ofn on s en s ei n thei rworks aboutJuggern autan d hi s temple
.Was i t
s uppres s ed forthes amereas on thatthefatherofE c c les i as ti c alHi s tory , E us ebi us , ad mi ts thathe
s uppres s ed matters relati n gtotheChri s ti an s , an d amon gtheres t, Is uppos e, themurd erofCri s -
pus , by hi s fatherCon s tan ti n e, v i z
.thati twas n otofgood report ?
Itwould beabs urd tod en y
thatIbeli ev ethi s tobethefac t
.When M r
.M oorewrote, T erputty was i n thepos s es s i on ofthe
E n gli s h, whomad eaprofi tof
.1 5 , 0 0 0 ay earofthetemple
.T hes i len c ei ts elfofourli terati an d
mi s s i on ari es s peaks v olumes
.
M r .M oore( p
.41 5 ) s ay s , "
In S an s c ri tthi s Av atarai s n amed Vi n katy ei s h ; i n theCarn ati c
" d i alec t, T erpati
; i n theT eli n gac oun try an d lan guage, Vi n katramn aG ov i n d a
; i n G uz eratan d
"
tothewes tward , T a' khur, orT hakhur, as wellas Ballaj i
:
thelattern ameobtai n s i n then ei gh-
"
bourhood ofP oon a, an d gen erally throughtheM ahrattac oun try
." T hen ameofT erpati , oras
heels ewherec alls hi mT ri pati , i d en ti fi es hi mwi ththean c i en tT ri n i ty
.T hi s word i s almos tc or-
rec tly L ati n , butthi s apers on whohas read S ec t
.XXV.ofChap .II .an d Ap
.p .30 4, ofmy CE L T IC
D R U ID S ,
wi lln otbes urpri s ed at
.P ati orP eti i s theP ali 2 word forfather
. An d whatd oes
Wi ttoba' s othern ameBallaj i lookli kebutBaal- j ah,
5 y a Bol, rv t
le, or
I
li e?
When ev erthe
lan guages ofIn d i ac ometobeun d ers tood , Iams ati s fi ed thatColon elWi lford ' s opi n i on wi llbe
' P .41 6.

2
Wes hallfi n d i n theen d thattheP ali lan guagewas ori gi n ally thes ameas theT amul
.
1 47
1 48

Cri s tn a,
.Bac c hus , Herc ules , E tc ., T y pes oftheR ealS av i our
prov ed wellfoun d ed , an d thatthey wi llbed i s c ov ered atthebottomtobed eri v ed fromthes ame
rootas thes i xteen - letters y s temoftheP hoen i c i an s , Hebrews , &c
., &c
., an d thei rG od s thes ame .
T hec i rc ums tan c eofBallaj i tread i n gon thehead ofthes erpen ts hews thathei s , as theBrah-
mi n s s ay , an Av atarofCri s tn a .Is hallbeac c us ed ofi lli berali ty i n whatIamgoi n gtos ay , butI
mus tan d wi lls peakthetruth .Beli efi s n ot( atleas twi thme) amatterofc hoi c e, i ti s amatter
ofn ec es s i ty , an d s us pi c i on i s thes ame- an d Imus ts ay , i fIs peakhon es tly , thatafterthec i r-
c ums tan c es ofc on c ealmen tfors oman y y ears s tated abov e, Is halln otbeli ev ethattherei s n ot
s omethi n gmorei n theAv atarofWi ttobai fhi s temples ben ots earc hed by pers on s wellkn own
tobeofas c epti c ald i s pos i ti on .An d ev en then , whokn ows thatthemos ti mportan tmatters may
n othav ealread y been remov ed ? Iti s lamen tabletothi n kthattheli es an d fraud s oftheun pri n -
c i pled partofthepri es thood , an d gen erally theruli n gpart, hav eren d ered c ertai n ty upon thes e
s ubj ec ts almos tun attai n able : howev er, i tc omes tothi s , thati ti s perfec tly abs urd tolookfor
c ertai n ty , ortoblamean y on eforan opi n i on .T hefac toftheG od tread i n gon thehead ofthe
s erpen ti s ad ec i s i v eproof, bothi n hi s c as ean d i n thatofCri s tn a, thatthi s c an n othav ebeen
taken fromtheR omi s horG reekwri ti n gs , orthes puri ous G os pelhi s tori es ; bec aus ethes ec ts
whos ewri ti n gs they are, AL L makethewoman , n otthe s eed of thewoman , brui s ethes erpen t' s
head
.T hemod ern P rotes tan tc hurc hes tran s latetheHebrewi n G en es i s by theword
i ps e ;
the
an c i en tR omi s hc hurc h, by theword i ps a ; thelatter, tos upportthead orati on oftheVi rgi n , the
M ai a
; theformer, tos upportthei rori en tald oc tri n eofthe d ton emen t, whi c hn ev erwas held by
thelatter .Ibeli ev ethes eed ofthewoman brui s i n gthes erpen t' s head was n ev erheard of i n
E uropeti llmod ern ti mes , n otwi ths tan d i n gs omev ari ous read i n gs may beq uoted
.T heBrahmi n s
s urely mus thav ebeen d eeply read i n themod ern s c holas ti c d i v i n i ty , tohav eun d ers tood an d to
hav emad ethed i s ti n c ti on between theR omi s han d P rotes tan ts c hools ! T hey mus t, i n d eed ,
hav ehad a
M AG E L on theAton emen t .T hemod ei n whi c hallthed i fferen tparti c ulars relati n gto
thes erpen t, O s i ri s , &c ., arei n v olv ed wi thon ean other, s eems toren d eri ti mpos s i bletos uppos e
thatthehi s tory relati n gtoCri s tn ac an hav ebeen c opi ed fromthegos pelhi s tori es .T hes eed of
thewoman c rus hi n gthes erpen t' s head i s i n ti mately c on n ec ted wi ththev oy ageoftheG od from
M uttratothetempleofJaggern aut, - ev i d en tly thes amemy thos as thev oy ageofO s i ri s toBy blos .
O fthes eed ofthewoman c rus hi n gthes erpen t' s head , orofthed es c en ti n tohell, s i mi lartothat
ofCri s tn a, therei s n otaword i n theorthod oxgos pelhi s tori es
.
4
.Is hallpres en tly makes omeobs erv ati on s on thec elebrated Herc ules , an d Is halls hewthat
hei s thes ameas Cri s tn a, as uppos ed i n c arn ati on oftheS un i n Ari es .O n thi s G od thev ery c ele-
brated an d learn ed d i v i n eP arkhurs tmakes thefollowi n gobs erv ati on : 1
1 1
Butthelabours ofHer-
" c ules s eemtohav ehad as ti llhi gherv i ew, an d tohav ebeen ori gi n ally d es i gn ed as emblemati c
~~memori als ofwhattherealS on ofG od , an d S av i ouroftheworld , was tod oan d s ufferforour
~~s akes ,
N ac mv
~W% wr
n pi amrav raxapuY wv , -
" bri n gi n gac ureforallouri lls ,
as theO rphi c hy mn s peaks ofHerc ules ."
HereM r
.P arkhurs tproc eed s as aChri s ti an pri es t, whoi s hon es tan d abeli ev eri n hi s reli gi on ,
oughttod o .T hi s i s v ery d i fferen tfromd en y i n gafac torc on c eali n gi t .T he d es i gn ,
ofthe
labours ofHerc ules heres uppos ed , hav i n gn othi n gtod owi ththean ti q ui ty ofn ati on s , d oes n oti n
an y way i n terferewi thmy i n q ui ry
.Formy own partIfeelthatwhetherIapprov ethereas on
as s i gn ed orn ot, M r .P arkhurs tan d otherChri s ti an s ofhi s s c hoolhav eas muc hri ghttothei ropi -
n i on as Ihav etomi n e
; an d , foren tertai n i n gs uc hopi n i on , oughtn ottobec en s ured by meor
an y on e .M y obj ec ti s fac ts - an d , i fIc ould av oi d i t, Iwould n ev ertouc had ogmaatall.
' In v oc ei toz , III .p .5 20 .
BookIV.ChapterII
.S ec ti on 5

1 49
Iamextremely glad tofi n d s uc hareas on gi v en , bec aus ei tli berates mefromapai n fuls i tuati on ;
fori ti s ev i d en t, thati fHerc ules wereCri s tn aorBud d ha, they mus thav ebeen ty pes ors y mbols
ofChri s ti fHerc ules were : an d i fthi s bethereli gi on whi c hIc on ten d thatIamj us ti fi ed i n taki n g
fromP arkhurs t, howabs urd i s i ttos uppres s thefac ts res pec ti n gCri s tn a ! For, i ti s ev i d en tthe
n eareran d c los erthey aretothehi s tory ofJes us Chri s t, themoreperfec ti s thety peoremblem ;
an d upon thi s groun d thec omplai n tofthephi los opheragai n s tthereli gi on wi llbe, n otthatthes e
hi s tori es ares i mi lar, butthati n c ertai n c as es they are n ot s i mi lar . Hewi lls ay , thi s c an n otbea
ty peoremblem, bec aus ei ti s n otthes ame .T hus thefraud s ofthepri es ts i n s uppres s i n gfac ts
wi llrec oi lupon thems elv es
. An d when weperc ei v ethattheHi n d ooG od s weres uppos ed tobe
c ruc i fi ed , i twi llbei mpos s i bletores i s tabeli ef, thattheparti c ulars ofthatc ruc i fi xi on hav ebeen
s uppres s ed . T os uppos ethatBud d haan d Cri s tn aares ai d i n theHi n d oobooks tobec ruc i fi ed ,
an d y etthattherearen oparti c ulars ofs uc hc ruc i fi xi on d etai led , i s q ui tei n c red i ble
. T heargu-
men tofM r
.P arkhurs ti s v ery d i fferen tfromthatofM r
.M auri c e, an d Ihai li twi thd eli ght, be-
c aus ei taton c es ets my han d s atli berty , an d s hews thati n futurethed efen d ers ofthereli gi on
mus tbri n gforth, n ots uppres s , an c i en thi s tori es
.
T hi s s hews thefolly ofthed i s i n gen uous pro-
c eed i n gs ofourpri es ts wi thres pec ttoHi n d oolearn i n g.
Foralon gti meIen d eav oured tofi n d s omereas on ormean i n gforthes tory ofthec rown of
thorn s , s oun li kean y thi n gi n hi s tory buti ts elf, buti n whi c htheprej ud i c es ofoured uc ati on
prev en tours eei n gan y abs urd i ty . Ihav eatlas tc ometoan opi n i on , whi c hIkn owwi llbe
s c outed by ev ery on ewhohas n otv ery c los ely atten d ed tothe .extremei gn oran c eofthefi rs t
profes s ors ofChri s ti an i ty , an d i ti s thi s , thatthei d eaofthethorn s has been taken fromthepoi n ted
P arthi an c oron etofWi ttobaorBalaj i
.
N otun d ers tan d i n gi t, an d toomuc hbli n d ed by thei rz eal
toallowthems elv es ti metothi n k, as i n man y otheri n s tan c es , they hav erun away wi ththefi rs t
i mpres s i on whi c hs truc kthem
. IfIweren otwellac q uai n ted wi ththemean n es s ofun d ers tan d i n g
ofthes ed ev otees , Is hould n otc ertai n ly harbourthi s opi n i on , buti ti s n otmoreabs urd than man y
otherofthei rs upers ti ti on s
.
5
.In man y ofthemos tan c i en ttemples ofIn d i a, theBull, as an obj ec tofad orati on , makes amos t
c on s pi c uous fi gure
. Agi gan ti c i mageofon eprotrud es fromthefron tofthetempleofthe
G reat
Creator,
c alled i n thelan guageofthec oun try , Jaggern aut, i n O ri s s a . T hi s i s theBulloftheZo-
d i ac , - theemblemofthes un when theeq ui n oxtookplac ei n thefi rs td egreeofthes i gn ofthe
Zod i ac , T aurus .
In c on s eq uen c eoftheprec es s i on oftheeq ui n oxes , thes un atthev ern aleq ui n ox
leftT aurus , an d tookplac ei n Ari es , whi c hi thas leftals oforagreatn umberofy ears , an d i tn ow
takes plac ei n Aq uari us
. T hus i tkeeps rec ed i n gabout on ed egree i n 7 2y ears , an d aboutawhole
s i gn
i n 21 60 y ears . Ac c ord i n gtothi s c alc ulati on , i ti s about25 0 0 y ears by thetrueZod i ac ,
beforetheti meofChri s t, s i n c ei twas i n thefi rs td egreeofAri es , an d about, 4660 beforethe
ti meofChri s t, s i n c ei twas i n thes amed egreeofT aurus
. M .D upui s has d emon s trated thatthe
labours ofHerc ules aren othi n gbutahi s tory ofthepas s ageofthes un throughthes i gn s ofthe
Zod i ac ; '
an d thatHerc ules i s thes un i n Ari es ortheR am, Bac c hus thes un i n T aurus orthe
Bull. Fromthi s i tfollows thatthewors hi pofJaggern autmus thav ebeen i n s ti tuted , an d hi s
templeprobably bui lt, n ear65 0 0 y ears ago, an d thatthetemplean d wors hi pofCri s tn a, orthe
In d i an Herc ules , mus thav etaken plac eatleas t, butprobably about, 21 60 y ears later . T hi s
bri n gs thed ateofCri s tn atoabout25 0 0 y ears beforeChri s t .
When Arri an s ay s thattheIn d i an
Herc ules was fi fteen hun d red y ears afterBac c hus , i tappears thathehad learn tapartofthe
truth, probably fromthetrad i ti on ofthec oun try . T hegreatlen gthofti mebetween thetwo
was kn own by trad i ti on , butthe
reas on ofi twas un kn own .
ButIthi n kwemay s eethetruth
' In thes phere, Herc ules tread s on thes erpen t' s head .
S eeD upui s
1 5 0

In i n i ac ulateCon c epti on ,
FromtheHi s tory ofP y thagoras
throughthemi s t
.T head orati on oftheBulloftheZod i ac i s tobemetwi thev ery wherethrough-
outtheworld , i n themos toppos i tec li mes
.T heexamples ofi tarei n n umerablean d i n c on trov er-
ti ble ; they ad mi tofn od i s pute
.
6
.T heread erwi lln otfai ltorec ollec tthati n ourobs erv ati on s on theCri s tn aofIn d i a, s ome
d i fferen c ebetween hi man d Jes us Chri s t, relati n gtothei mmac ulatec on c epti on , was obs erv ed by
M r
.M auri c e, an d lai d hold ofby hi mas apoi n ton whi c hhec ould turn i n tori d i c ulethei d eaof
thei d en ti ty ofthetwohi s tori es ofCri s tn aan d Jes us
.T heli feofP y thagoras wi lls hewus where
theChri s ti an s may hav egottheparti c ulars whi c hd i fferfromthehi s tory ofCri s tn a .T heearly
fathers trav elli n gfori n formati on , whi c hwas thec as ewi thP api as , Heges i ppus , Jus ti n , &c ., mi xed
thetrad i ti on s relati n gtoP y thagoras , whi c hthey foun d s pread allov ertheE as t, wi ththos e
relati n gtotheIn d i an Cri s tn a, an d fromthe
two formed thei rown s y s tem.P y thagoras hi ms elf
hav i n gd rawn man y ofhi s d oc tri n es , &c
., fromtheIn d i an s c hool, thec ommi xturec ould s c arc ely
beav oi d ed
.T hus wefi n d thefewpec uli ari ti es res pec ti n gthebi rthofJes us , s uc has thei mma-
mulatec on c epti on , wherei n thehi s tory ofJes us d i ffers fromthatofCri s tn a, exac tly c opi ed from
theli feofP y thagoras
.An d thec i rc ums tan c es relati n gtothei mmac ulatec on c epti on by themother
ofP y thagoras , Ihav en od oubtweretaken fromthehi s tory ofBud d ha, as Is halls hewi n my
n extc hapter, an d fromthev i rgi n ofthec eles ti als phere- hers elfofO ri en talori gi n .T hus froma
n umberofloos etrad i ti on s atlas tc ametobeformed , by v ery i gn oran tan d c red ulous pers on s , the
c ompletehi s tory oftheJes us Chri s toftheR omi s hChurc h,
as wen owhav ei t .I thi n kn opers on ,
howev ergreathi s c red uli ty may be, wi llbeli ev ethatthei d en ti ty ofthei mmac ulatec on c epti on s
ofJes us an d P y thagoras c an heattri buted toac c i d en t .T hec i rc ums tan c es areofs opec uli ara
n aturethati ti s abs olutely i mpos s i ble
.Wi ththi s s y s temthefac tpoi n ted outby theU n i tari an s
i s perfec tly c on s i s ten t, thatthefi rs ttwoc hapters ofM atthewan d ofL uke, whi c hc on tai n the
hi s tory ofthei mmac ulatec on c epti on , areofad i fferen ts c hoolfromtheremai n d erofthehi s tory .
T hefi rs ts tri ki n gc i rc ums tan c ei n whi c hthehi s tory ofP y thagoras agrees wi ththehi s tory of
Jes us i s , thatthey weren ati v es ofn early thes amec oun try
;
theformerbei n gborn atS i d on , the
latteratBethlehem, bothi n S y ri a .T hefatherofP y thagoras , as wellas thefatherofJes us , was
propheti c ally i n formed thathi s wi fes hould bri n gforthas on , whos hould beaben efac torto
man ki n d
.T hey werebothborn when thei rmothers werefromhomeon j ourn ey s : Jos ephan d
hi s wi fehav i n ggon euptoBethlehemtobetaxed , an d thefatherofP y thagoras hav i n gtrav elled
fromS amos , hi s res i d en c e, toS i d on , abouthi s merc an ti lec on c ern s
.P y thai s , themotherof
P y thagoras , had ac on n exi on wi than Apollon i ac als pec tre, orghos t, oftheG od Apollo, orG od
S ol, ( ofc ours ethi s mus thav ebeen a : holy ghos t, an d herewehav e
T HE
Holy G hos t, whi c h
afterward appeared toherhus ban d , an d told hi mthathemus thav en oc on n exi on wi thhi s wi fe
d uri n gherpregn an c y - as tory ev i d en tly thes ameas thatrelati n gtoJos ephan d M ary
.From
thes epec uli arc i rc ums tan c es ; P y thagoras was kn own by thes amei d en ti c alti tleas Jes us , n amely ,
theS on ofG od ; an d was s uppos ed by themulti tud etobeun d erthei n fluen c eofD i v i n ei n s pi -
rati on .
When y oun g, hewas ofav ery grav ed eportmen t, an d was c elebrated forhi s phi los ophi c alap-
pearan c ean d wi s d om.Heworehi s hai rlon g, aftertheman n eroftheN az ari tes , when c ehewas
c alled thelon g- hai red S auri an .An d Ihav en od oubtthathewas aN az ari teforthetern s ofhi s
n aturalli fe, an d thepers on c alled hi s d aughterwas on ly apers on fi gurati v ely s oc alled .
Hes pen tman y y ears ofhi s y outhi n E gy pt, wherehewas i n s truc ted i n thes ec retlearn i n gof
thepri es ts , as Jes us , i n theApoc ry phalG os pels , i s s ai d tohav ebeen , an d was c arri ed then c eto
Baby lon by Camby s es , thei c on oc las tan d res toreroftheJewi s hreli gi on an d temple, wherehe
was i n i ti ated i n tothed oc tri n es oftheP ers i an M agi .T hen c ehewen ttoIn d i a, wherehelearn ed
thed oc tri n es oftheBrahmi n s .Beforehewen ttoE gy pthes pen ts ometi meatS i d on , T y re, an d
BookIV
.ChapterII .S ec ti on 6

1 5 1
Bi blos , learn i n gthes ec retmy s teri es ofallthes eplac es
.Whi ls ti n thi s c oun try hec hi efly d welt
i n atempleon M oun tCarmel;
probably i n thetempleofJov e, i n whi c htherewas n oi mage .
Afterhi s return fromIn d i a, hei s s tated tohav etrav elled abouttheworld , toE gy pt, S y ri a,
G reec e, Italy , &c
., preac hi n greformati on ofman n ers tothes ed i fferen tn ati on s , an d leav i n gamon g
themn umbers ofpros ely tes
.Hewas gen erally fav oured by thepeople, butas gen erally pers ec uted
by thegov ern men ts ;
whi c halmos talway s pers ec uterealphi lan thropi s ts
.Herearec ertai n ly
s omec i rc ums tan c es i n thi s hi s tory v ery li kethos ei n thehi s tori es ofJes us
.
T hes tori es told ofthemotherofP y thagoras hav i n ghad c on n exi on wi than Apollon i ac als pec -
tre, i s n ottheon ly on eoftheki n d
:
thes ames tory i s told ofP lato, whowas s ai d tobeborn of
P arec ton i a, wi thoutc on n exi on wi thhi s fatherAri s ton , butby ac on n exi on wi thApollo
.O n thi s
groun d thereally v ery learn ed O ri gen d efen d s thei mmac ulatec on c epti on , as s i gn i n g, als o, i n c on -
fi rmati on ofthefac t, theexampleofVultures , ( Vautours , ) whopropagatewi thoutthemale
.
Whata
s tri ki n gproofthatapers on may pos s es s thegreates tlearn i n g, an d y etbei n un d ers tan d -
i n gtheweakes tofman ki n d l
Its eems tobeq ui tei mpos s i bleforan y pers on ofun d ers tan d i n gtobeli ev e, thatthec oi n c i d en c e
ofthes ehi s tori es ofP lato' an d P y thagoras , wi ththatofJes us , c an betheeffec tofac c i d en t .
T hen howc an they beac c oun ted forotherwi s ethan by s uppos i n gthati n thei rres pec ti v eord ers
ofti methey wereallc opi es ofon ean other? Howthepri es ts aretoexplai n away thes ec i rc um-
s tan c es Ic an n oti magi n e, i n gen i ous as they are
.T hey c an n ots ay thatJambli c us , kn owi n gthe
hi s tory ofChri s t, attri buted i ttothephi los ophers , bec aus eheq uotes forhi s authori ti es E pi me-
n i d es , Xen oc rates , an d O li mpi od orus , whoallli v ed lon gprev i ous tothebi rthofChri s t
In my n extc hapterallthes es ac red pred i c ted bi rths wi llbes hewn tobes uppos ed ren ewed
i n c arn ati on s ofporti on s oftheHoly S pi ri torG hos t
.An d hereImus tobs erv e, thatthes emi ra-
c ulous fac ts , c harged totheac c oun tofP latoan d P y thagoras , by n omean s prov ethatthes emen
d i d n otexi s t, n orc an s uc hfac ts , c harged toJes us , i fd i s beli ev ed , j us ti fy an U n beli ev eri n d rawi n g
ac on c lus i on thathen ev erexi s ted .
' Vi d eO li mpi od orus ' s L i feofP lato .
( 1 5 2 )
BO O K V
CHAP T E R I
Bud d hatheS un i n T aurus , as Cri s tn awas theS un i n Ari es - N ames ofBud d ha-
M ean i n goftheword Bud d ha, thes ameas thatofthefi rs tword i n G en es i s -
T heT en In c arn ati on s - D es c en tofBud d hathes ameas Cri s tn a' s - Bud d haan d
Cri s tn athes ame- S i mpli c i ty ofBud d hi s m- E xplan ati on ofP late- Bud d haa
N egro- Hi erarehv - M ai aS aman ean s ofClemen s - In c arn ati on - Cabul-
Bud d hi s mexten d s ov erman y Coun tri es - Bud d habeforeCri s tn a
.
1 .T HE ti mei s n owarri v ed when i tbec omes propertoen terupon an exami n ati on ofthed oc -
tri n es ofthec elebrated Bud d haofIn d i a, whi c hwerethefoun d ati on s ofallthemy thos es ofthe
Wes tern n ati on s , as wellas ofthos ewhi c hwehav es een ofCri s tn a ; an d fromthes etwowere
s uppli ed mos tofthes upers ti ti on s whi c hbec ameen grafted i n tothereli gi on ofJes us Chri s t
.
Is halln ows hew, thatBud d haan d Cri s tn awereon ly ren ewed i n c arn ati on s ofthes ameBei n g,
an d thatBei n gtheS olarpower, orapri n c i ples y mboli z ed by theS un - apri n c i plemad eby the
s un v i s i bletotheey es ofmortals :
an d parti c ularly exhi bi ti n ghi ms elfi n hi s glory atthev ern al
eq ui n ox, i n theheav en ly c on s tellati on kn own by then ameofT aurus , as BU D D HA, an d s ubs e-
q uen tly i n thatofAri es , as CR IS T N A.
ButImus tprev i ous ly makeon eobs erv ati on toguard my read eragai n s tmi s take .
T herei s as ty leofwri ti n gors peaki n g, ad opted by ourori en tali s ts fromi n ad v erten c y ori n at-
ten ti on toi ts c on s eq uen c es , whi c hhas agreatten d en c y tomi s lead theread er .T hey takeupa
booki n Cey lon orP egu, perhaps , tolearn fromi tthed oc tri n es ofBud d haorofCri s tn a ; they read
thi s book, an d then tellus thatthes earethed oc tri n es ofBud d ha, n ev erc on s i d eri n gthatthi s book
may c on tai n on ly thed oc tri n es ofan obs c ures ec tofBud d hi s ts .S uppos eaBrahmi n wereto
c ometoE n glan d , an d totakeupabookofJohan n aS outhc ote' s , orofBrothers ' , orofCalv i n ' s ;
howmuc hwould hemi s repres en tthereli gi on ofJes us i fherepres en ted i tas hefoun d i tthere !
E xc epti n afewlead i n gparti c ulars , i ti s as d i ffi c ulttos ay whati s atpres en tthereli gi on of
Bud d ha, as i ti s tod ec i d ewhati s thereli gi on ofChri s t .Agai n , i fan y on ewould s ay whatthe
reli gi on ofChri s ti s atthi s d ay , i n an y parti c ularc oun try , i twould bev ery d i fferen tfromwhat
thereli gi on ofChri s twas four hun d red , orev en two hun d red , y ears ago
.Wehav en os erv i c e n ou
i n ourL i turgy forc as ti n goutd ev i ls
.An d i ti s thes amewi thBud d hi s man d Vi s hn ui s m.
M y s earc hi s tofi n d thes pri n g- head when c eallthemi n ors treams ofBud d hi s mhav es prun g.
Ad es c ri pti on oftheri v ulets flowi n gfromi tan d whi c hhav ebec omemud d y i n thei rprogres s ,
howev eri n teres ti n gtos omepers on s , i s n otmy obj ec t ; n ori s i ttomy tas tetos pen d my ti meupon
s uc hn on s en s i c almatters , whi c hc an hav en oothereffec tthan tod i s gui s etheori gi n alofthereli -
gi on , an d tograti fy ev i lpas s i on s , by d eprec i ati n gthereli gi on ofourn ei ghbour
.Ifhi s reli gi on
hav es un ki n tothemos td egrad ed s tate, as i n Cey lon , themorethepi ty
.Its halln otbemy tas k
BookV
.ChapterI .S ec ti on 2

1 5 3
toexpos ethefooli s hpueri li ti es , i n towhi c hourun fortun atefellow- s ubj ec ts , n owun abletod efen d
thems elv es , hav efallen
;
buttos kewthetruththat, fallen as they are, they on c epos s es s ed areli -
gi on refi n ed an d beauti ful
.
M
.Creuz erIs ay s , " T herei s n oti n allhi s tory an d an ti q ui ty perhaps aq ues ti on atthes ame

ti memorei mportan tan d mored i ffi c ultthan thatc on c ern i n gBud d ha

." Hethen ac kn owled ges
thatby hi s n ame, hi s
AS T R O N O M ICAL
c harac ter, an d c los ec on n exi on , n oton ly wi ththemy tho-
logy an d phi los ophy oftheBrahmi n s , butwi thagreatn umberofotherreli gi on s , thi s pers on age,
truly my s teri ous , s eems tolos ehi ms elfi n then i ghtofti me, an d toattac hhi ms elfby as ec retbon d
toev ery thi n gwhi c hi s obs c urei n theE as tan d i n theWes t
. Iapprehen d thereas on ofthed i ffi -
c ulty i s tobefoun d , i n agreatd egree, i n thefac t, thatourac c oun ts aretaken fromtheBrahmi n s
whohav emod elled orc orrupted thehi s tory tos ui tthei rown purpos es
.
Iamofopi n i on thatthe
Bud d hi s ts werewors hi pers ofthes un i n T aurus , theBac c hus oftheG reeks
; thatthey werethe
bui ld ers ofthetempleofJaggern aut, i n fron tofwhi c htheBullproj ec ts
; an d thatthey - wereex-
pelled fromL owerIn d i awhen theIn d i an Herc ules , Cri s tn a, s uc c eed ed totheIn d i an Bac c hus
.
T hati s , when thes un n olon gerros eattheeq ui n oxi n thes i gn
T aurus , buti n thes i gn
Ari es .
T hi s i s , Ibeli ev e, thes oluti on ofthegran d en i gmawhi c hM
.Creuz ers ay s wearen otableen ti rely
tos olv e, an d thi s Iwi lln owen d eav ourtoprov e .
2 .
" Bud d hai s v ari ous ly pron oun c ed an d expres s ed
Boud h, Bod , Bot, But, Bad , Bud d , Bud -
"
d ou, Boutta, Bota, Bud s o, P ot, P out, P ota, P oti ,
an d
P outi .
T heS i ames emakethefi n alT or

D q ui es c en t, an d s oun d theword
P o ;
when c etheChi n es es ti llfurtherv ary i ttoP hoorFo
.In

theT almud i c d i alec tthen amei s pron oun c ed P od en

or P ood en ;
when c ethec i ty , whi c hon c e
"
c on tai n ed thetempleofS umn autorS uman - n ath, i s c alled
P atten - S umn aut . T hebroad s oun d
` ~ofthe U
or O u orO o, pas s es i n thev ari ati on
P atten i n to A,
pron oun c ed Ah or Au ;
an d i n a
s i mi larman n er, when theP i s s oun d ed
B, wemeetwi th Bad , Bat,
an d Bhat .
Allthes earei n
"
fac tn amorethan ari n gi n gofc han ges on thec ogn ateletters B
an d P , T an d D . An otherof
" hi s n ames i s S aman , whi c hi s v ari ed i n to
S omon , S omon o, S an tan a, S uman - N ath,
an d S arman a .

Fromthi s was borrowed thes ec tari an appellati on of

S aman ean s ,
or S arman ean s . Athi rd i s
L 0 G autama,
whi c hi s i n d i fferen tly expres s ed
G autameh, G od ama, G od am, Cod an z , Cad am, Card an z ,
" an d Card ama .
T hi s perpetually oc c urs i n c ompos i ti on wi ththelas t, as
S omon o- Cod omor
S a-
` ~man s - G autama .
Afourthi s
S ac a, S ac y a, S i aka, S haka, Xac a, Xac a- M un i
or Xac a- M en u,
an d K i a,
whi c hi s theun c ompoun d ed formof
S a- K i a .
Afi fthi s D herma, or
D harma, or
" D herma- raj ah
.A s i xthi s
Hermi as , Her- M oy e, or
Heri - M ay a .
As ev en thi s D atta, D at-
" Atrey a, T hat- D an a,
D ate, T atorT ot, D ev a- T at
or D ev a- T was ta .
An ei ghthi s Jai n , Ji n a,

Chi n , Jai n - D eo, Chi n - D eo, or

Jai n - E s war . An i n thi s
Arhan .
A ten thi s M ahi - M an , M ai -
" M an ,
or( i f O mbead d ed )
M ai - M an - O m.
An elev en thi s
M i n - E s wara, formed by thes ame

ti tle
M i n or Alan or
M en u j oi n ed to E s wara .
Atwelfthi s
G omat or G on z at- E s wara
. A
thi r- teen th, when hei s c on s i d ered as E s wara or
S i v a, i s M a- E s a
or Har- E s a
; thati s tos ay , the

great E s aor
the L ord E s a .
Afourteen thi s D agon
or D agun , or
D ak- P o . A fi fteen thi s
" T ara- N ath
. An d as i xteen thi s
Arc a- Ban d hu or
K i n s man oftheS un
." 2
Agai n . "
Wod or T rod i s
amerev ari ati on of Bod ;
an d Wod en i s
s i mply theT amuli c mod eof

pron oun c i n gBud d ha

: fori n thatmod eofen un c i ati on ,
Bud d hai s
expres s ed P ood en orP od en
;
"
an d P od en i s un d oubted ly thes ameword as
Vod en or Wod en ." 3
T hi s ety mology i s as s en ted to
by S i rW
.Jon es , i fi tweren ot, as Ibeli ev ei twas , ori gi n ally propos ed by hi m
. Wod en was the
'
R eli gi on s d e1 ' An ti q ui te, Vol.1 .p .28 5 , e
d .d
e
M on s .G ui gn i aut .
Y
Faber, P ag.Id ol.B .i v .Chap .v
.p .35 1 .

3
Ib
.P
.35 5 .
1 5 4
' N ames - M ean i n gofBud d haS ameAs theFi rs tWord ofG en es i s
G od oftheS c uths orG oths an d S c an d i n av i an s , an d s ai d tobethei n v en torofthei rletters ;
as
Hermes was thes uppos ed i n v en toroftheletters oftheE gy pti an s .T hi s , amon gotherc i rc um-
s tan c es , ten d s toprov ethatthereli gi on oftheCelts an d S c uths oftheWes twas Bud d hi s m.
T heCelti c T eutates i s theG othi c T en torT ui s to, Bud d has ti tles of T at, D atta, or T was hta .
T aran i s i s T ara- N ath
. Hes us ofG auli s , E s a,
M a- Hes a, an d
Har- E s a
.
Butthos eareby the
L ati n wri ters c alled M erc ury .'
M y read erwi llobs erv ethatIhav egi v en fromM r
.Fabers i xteen d i fferen tn ames ofBud d ha, by
whi c hheun d ertakes toprov ethathewas kn own atd i fferen tti mes an d i n d i fferen tplac es .M r.
Faberen ters atgreatlen gthi n tothed i s c us s i on ofeac h, an d prov es hi s c as e, i n almos tev ery i n -
s tan c e, i n away whi c hc an n otreas on ably bed i s puted .Id on otthi n ki tn ec es s ary tofollowhi m,
buts halltakethos en ames upon hi s authori ty .Hemakes i tev i d en tthatBud d hi s mexten d ed almos t
toev ery partoftheold world :
butwemus trememberthattheBri ti s hT aran i s , an d theG othi c
Wod en , werebothn ames ofBud d ha
.In my Celti c D rui d s Ihav es hewn thatthewors hi pof
Bud d hai s ev ery wheretobefoun d - i n Wales , S c otlan d , an d Irelan d . 2
Hu, thegreatG od ofthe
Wels h, i s c alled Bud d was
; 3 an d they c allthei rG od Bud d , theG od ofv i c tory , theki n gwhori s es
i n li ghtan d as c en d s thes ky . 4
In S c otlan d , thec oun try peoplefri ghten thei rc hi ld ren by telli n gthem, that
old Bud orthe old
man wi lltakethem
.In In d i a, on eofthemean i n gs oftheword Bud d hai s old
man .
3
.In thi s i n q ui ry i ts eems ofthefi rs tc on s eq uen c etoas c ertai n themean i n goftheword
Bud d ha .
Fromtheexami n ati on oftheac c oun ts ofthed i fferen tauthors , thi s c elebrated word appears to
hav ethes amemean i n gas thefi rs tword ofG en es i s , thati s ,
WIS D O M ,
or extremely wi s e, or wi s ei n
ahi ghd egree .' M . Creuz ergi v es i t
s av an t, s age, i n telli gen c e, exc ellen te,
et s upd ri eure . Hes ay s ,
i talli es i ts elfori s c los ely alli ed totheun d ers tan d i n g, mi n d , i n telli gen c e un i q ue, an d s upremeof
G od .
T hi s i s c on fi rmed by M r
.Ward , themi s s i on ary , whotells us , thatBud d hai s theD ei ty of
WIS D O M , as was theM i n erv aofG reec e
.When d ev otees pray forwi s d omtothei rki n g, they s ay ,
M ay Bud d hagi v etheewi s d om
. 6
T heety mology oftheword Bud d has eems tobeun kn own totheHi n d oos , whi c hfav ours the
i d eaofad ateprev i ous toan y ofthepres en tkn own lan guages .In theP ali , ofCey lon , i tmean s
un i v ers alkn owled ge or holi n es s . 7
T heword Bud d hahas been thought, by s omeHi n d ooauthors , tobeagen eraln ameforaphi lo-
s opher
; by others i thas been s uppos ed tobe a gen eri c word , li keD ev a, butappli c abletoas age
orphi los opher ; buts ti lli ti s allowed tomean , exc ellen c e, WIS D O M , v i rtue, s an c ti ty .
In S an s c ri twehav e, S an s kri tR oot, Bud h, tokn ow, tobeaware ; Bud hy ati , hekn ows , i s aware ;
Bod hay ami , I i n form, Iteac h .
Bud d hi , wi s d om; Bud d ha, s age, wi s e ; Bod ha,
WIS D O M . 8
tri gbd c i n theHebrewmean s , tod ev i s eofhi ms elfalon e ; orIs hould s ay , tothi n kortheori s e .
In Arabi c i tmean s , tobegi n toprod uc e, ortod ev i s es omethi n gn ew .
T wofac ts s eemtobeun i v ers ally agreed upon by allpers on s whohav ewri tten res pec ti n g
Bud d ha . T hefi rs ti s , thatatlas thei s alway s foun d tores olv ehi ms elfi n tothes un , ei theras the
' Faber, O ri g.P ag.Id ol
.

2 Celti c D rui d s , pp
.1 9 7 , 30 6, &c .

3 D av i es , Celti c M y th
.p .1 1 8 .
Ib .p .1 1 6 .

s
M oore' s P an theon , p .234 .

s
Ward ' s Hi s t .of Hi n d .p .45 2 .
As i at .R es .Vol.XVII .p .3 3 .
6
S omeofourIn d i an s c holars makead i s ti n c ti on between Bud d ha, an d Bud d , theP lan etM erc ury . Ic an n omore
ad mi tthi s , than Ic an ad mi tthattheG od M erc ury was n ottheS un ;
thoughIkn owthatM erc ury i s then ameofa
P lan et, an d thattheplan eti s n ottheS un . T hec as es areexac tly s i mi lar .
BookV.ChapterI .S ec ti on 4

1 5 5
s un , oras thehi gherpri n c i pleofwhi c hthes un i s thei mageoremblem, orofwhi c hthes un i s the
res i d en c e .
T hes ec on d i s , thattheword Bud d hamean s
WIS D O M
.
N ow, wec an n otbeli ev ethat
thi s wi s n oM would bec alled by s os i n gularan ameas Bud d ha, wi thoutac aus e .
Ithas been obs erv ed by s ev eralphi lologers thattheletters BD , BT , un i v ers ally c on v ey the
i d eaei therofformerorofc reator
.ButG en es i s s ay s theworld was formed by WIS D O M . Wi s d om
was theBud d haorformeroftheworld
: thus
WIS D O M , I c on c ei v e, bec amec alled Bud . Wi s d om
was thefi rs teman ati on , s owas Bud d ha .
Wi s d omwas theL ogos by whi c htheworld was formed ;
butBud d hawas theCreator :
thus theL ogos an d Bud d arei d en ti c al, thes ames ec on d pers on of
theT ri n i ty .
R as i t, or WIS D O M ,
was c on temporan eous wi ththec ommen c emen tofc reati on - i twas the
begi n n i n gofthi n gs , an d thebegi n n i n gwas
WIS D O M , theL ogos
.
T hebegi n n i n g, as theword
R as i ti s
explai n ed by ourv ers i on , i s c on trad i c tory tothec on text,
bec aus etheexi s ten c eofs pac e, ofti me, ofc reated an geli c bei n gs , i s i mpli ed , beforethemomen t
whi c hgav ebi rthtothemun d an es y s tem.
T hi s wi lln otbethoughttobetoorefi n ed forthe
i n v en tors oftheT ri n i ty , - theCreator, P res erv eran d D es troy er
. Is halls hewthatL ogos , Bud ,
an d R as i t, wereon ly n ames i n d i fferen tlan guages forthes amei d ea
.
M r.Whi ters ay s ,
a
T hroughthewholec ompas s oflan guagetheelemen tBD d en otes Bei n g
~~hen c ewehav ethegreatD ei ty wors hi ped allov ertheE as t- Bud d a
." ' T hen Bud d hawi llmean
theexi s ten tor s elf- exi s ten twi s d om,
s elf- exi s ten tas an i n tegralpartoftheT ri n i ty .Hethen
i n forms us that, i n P ers i an , Bud - en Bud ,
s i gn i fi es to be . T hes ameas Is , es t, exi s to . Bud i s
c learly the I amthatIamofourBi ble
; or, i n theori gi n al, whi c hhas n opres en tten s e, the I
s hallbe, orthe I
hav ebeen ; orwhat, perhaps , thi s c elebrated textmay mean ,
T HAT WHICHI
HAVE BE E N , I
S HAL L BE - E tern i ty , pas tan d future .
4.M r
.Crawfurd s ay s , ori en tals c holars hav efors ometi mes us pec ted thatthereli gi on s of
Brahmaan d Bud d haarees s en ti ally thes ame, theon ebei n gn othi n gbutamod i fi c ati on ofthe
other. 2 T hi s wes hallfi n d hereafterc on fi rmed
.
T hefollowi n gi s thes peec hofArj oon res pec ti n gVi s hn uas Cri s tn a- T houartalli n all
.
T hou
artthy s elfn umerous Av atars .
T hy Hy agri v eAv atarki lled M ad hu, theD i ty a, on thebac kofa
tortoi s e .
In thy CommaAv atard i d theD ev i tes plac ethes oli d orboftheearth, whi lefromthe
waterofthemi lky oc ean , by thec hurn i n gs taffofmoun tM eru, they obtai n ed thei mmortal
Amri taofthei rd es i res .
Hi ri n akas s ah, whohad c arri ed theearthd own toP atal, d i d thy Varaha
Av atars lay an d bri n guptheearthon thetus ks oftheboar :
an d P rahlan d , whomHi ri n akas s ah
tormen ted forhi s z ealtoward s thee, d i d thy N aras i n gAv atarplac ei n tran q ui lli ty
.In thy d warf
orBahmen Av atarthoud i d s tplac eBali i n themi ghty mon arc hy ofP atal
. T houartthatmi ghty
P aras aR ama, whoc utd own theen ti rej un gle, theres i d en c eoftheR ees hees
: 3 an d thouartR am
theP oten ts lay erofR av ar
.0 s upremeBhagav at, thouarttheBud d haAv atarwhos halltran -
q ui lli z ean d gi v eeas etoD ev ati es , human c reatures , an d D i ty es
. 4
Ithi n kIc ould s c arc ely hav ewi s hed foramorec ompleteproofofthetruthofmy d oc tri n eof
theren ewaloftheAv atars , than theabov e
. Its hews , i n fac t, thatbothBud d haan d Cri s tn aare
n othi n gbutren ewed i n c arn ati on s i n eac hc y c le.
T hean c i en ti d en ti ty ofthewors hi pofBud d haan d ofCri s tn a, rec ei v es as tron gc on fi rmati on
'
E tv mol. U n i v .
Vol.I .p .31 0 .

Y
Hi s t
.In d
.Arc h .
Vol.II
.p
.222.
3
1 apprehen d theR ees hees , orR i s bees , when theword i s appli ed tomen , aretheR as - s hees - the
4ptXoc o4oz . T hey
ares ai d tohav ebeen s ev en i n n umber, an d theP lei ad es wered ed i c ated tothem
.ButIs hallreturn tothi s s ubj ec t
hereafter .
4 Camb .
K ey , Vol.II .p .29 4 .
1 5 6
D es c en tofBud d ha
fromthefac t, thattheBud d hi s ts hav e
T E N
i n c arn ati on s ofBud d ha, thes ameas thefollowers of
Cri s tn a, an d , whati s remarkable, c alled by thes amen ames . 1
M r.Ward s ay s , " Vi s hn uhad ten
"
i n c arn ati on s , an d Bud d hahad thes amen umber ." 2
T hes eten i n c arn ati on s , thus n oti c ed by
thi s mi s s i on ary , wes hallfi n d ofthev ery fi rs ti mportan c ei n ourfutured i s q ui s i ti on s
.
T heR ev .M r
.M auri c ehas gi v en av ery lon gan d parti c ularac c oun tofthes eten gran d Av atars
ori n c arn ati on s , oftheG od oftheHi n d oos
. T heac c oun ts oftheBrahmi n s c on s i s t, tooutward
appearan c e, ofagreatn umberofi d lean d abs urd fables , n otworthrepeti ti on
. T heon ly fac t
worthy ofn oti c e
herei s ,
thatBud d hawas un i v ers ally allowed tobethefi rs tofthei n c arn ati on s ;
thatCri s tn awas oflaterd ate
;
an d that, atthes eraofthebi rthofChri s t, ei ghtofthemhad
appeared on theearth, an d thatothertwowereexpec ted tofollowbeforetheen d oftheCali - Y ug,
orofthepres en tage
.
ButtheBrahmi n s held that31 0 1 y ears ofi thad expi red attheperi od of
thebi rthofChri s t, ac c ord i n gtoourrec kon i n g
.
Between theBrahmi n s an d theBud d hi s ts thereexi s ts thegreates tc on c ei v ableen mi ty : the
formerac c us i n gthelatterofbei n gAthei s ts , an d s c hi s mati c s fromthei rs ec t .T hey wi llhold n o
c ommun i c ati on wi ththem, beli ev i n gthems elv es tobemad eun c lean , an d toreq ui repuri fi c ati on ,
s hould they s tepwi thi n ev en the
s had ow ofaBud d hi s t .
M uc hi n thes ameway theBud d hi s ts
c on s i d ertheBrahmi n s
.
T hean c i en thi s tori es oftheHi n d oos arefullofac c oun ts ofterri blewars
between thed i fferen ts ec tari es , whi c hprobably las ted , wi ththei n termi s s i on s us uali n s uc hc as es ,
forman y gen erati on s , an d exten d ed thei ri n fluen c eov erthewholeworld
; an d we s halls eei n the
c ours eofthi s work, that, i n thei rres ults , they c on ti n uetoexerc i s ean i n fluen c eov erthed es ti n i es
ofman ki n d .
Bud d hai s allowed by hi s en emi es , theBrahmi n s , tohav ebeen an av atar . T hen herei s d i v i n e
wi s d om
i n c arn ate, ofwhomtheBulloftheZod i ac was theemblem. Here hei s theP rotogon os
orfi rs t- begotten , theG od orG od d es s
M T ) T i goftheG reeks , bei n g, perhaps , bothmalean d female .
Hei s aton c ed es c ri bed as d i v i n ewi s d om, theS un , an d T aurus
. T hi s i s thefi rs tBud d haori n -
c arn ati on ofwi s d om, by man y oftheBrahmi n s often c on foun d ed wi thapers on ofthes amen ame,
s uppos ed tohav eli v ed atalaterd ay .
In fac t, Bud d haorthewi s e, i ftheword weren otmerely
then ameofad oc tri n e, s eems tohav ebeen an appellati on taken by s ev eralpers on s , oron epers on
i n c arn ateats ev eralperi od s , an d fromthi s c i rc ums tan c emuc hc on fus i on has ari s en
. ButIthi n k
wemay takeev ery thi n gwhi c htheBrahmi n s s ay ofthefi rs tBud d hatohi s ad v an tage, as there-
c ei v ed d oc tri n eofhi s followers
.
T hey hateallBud d hi s ts toomuc htos ay an y thi n gi n hi s fav our
whi c hthey thi n kun true .
5
.T hemotherofBud d hawas M AIA,
whowas als othemotherofM erc ury , afac tofthefi rs t
i mportan c e .
O fthi s M ai aorM aj athemotherofM erc ury , M r
.D av i es 3 s ay s , " T heun i v ers al

gen i us ofn ature, whi c hd i s c ri mi n ated allthi n gs , ac c ord i n gtothei rv ari ous ki n d s ors pec i es - the

s ame, perhaps , as theM ethofthe( E gy pti an s , an d the

M 7 ) rts
oftheO rphi c bard s , whi c hwas of
" allki n d s , an d theauthorofallthi n gs .- - K ay
M rfrtgi rgwrogy rv erwp . O rph .Frag." T othi s
M r .Whi terad d s , "
T othes eterms belon gthewell- kn own d ei ti es Bud d aan d Ami d a .T heFoof
theChi n es ei s ac kn owled ged tobetheFod orBud d aoftheE as tern world , an d theM erc ury of
"
theG reeks ." Hethen gi v es thefollowi n gpas s agefromBarrow' s T rav els : " T heBud d aof

theHi n d us was thes on ofM ay a, an d on eofhi s epi thets i s Ami ta . T heFoofChi n awas the

s on ofM o- y a, an d on eofhi s epi thets i s O n z - e- to ; an d i n Japan , whos en ati v es areofChi n es e

ori gi n , thes ameG od Foi s wors hi ped un d erthen ameofAmi d a . Ic ould n ei therc ollec tfrom

an y oftheChi n es ewhattheli teralmean i n gwas of O m- e- to, n orc ould Id ec i pherthec harac ters
"
un d erwhi c hi twas wri tten ."
I Ward ' s In d i a,
p
.38 7 .

2 T
ran s ac
.As i at, S oc .Vol.1 .p .427 .

3 Apud Whi ter, E ty mol.U n i v . p.1 0 3 .

Book V. Chapter I .
S ec ti on 5

1 5 7
Ithi n ktherec an ben od i ffi c ulty i n fi n d i n gheretheM ai ai n theM o- y a, n orthe O m- e- to i n the
Am- i - d a an d An a- i - ta
. N or,
i n thefi rs ts y llableofthethreelas t, theletters A, U , M , c oales c i n g
an d formi n gtheword O M
.
T heM 7 1 , ri gi s wellkn own tomean d i v i n ewi s d om, an d wehav es een
abov e, thati ti s rarrog y ev E T Wp orfi rs tmotherofall. I T hefi rs toftheIE on s ofalln ati on s was
wi s d om. Is Am- i - d a,
' - T
d i
n
e
O y om
T hefollowers ofBud d hateac hthathed es c en d ed fromac eles ti alman s i on i n tothewombof
M aha- M ay a, s pous eofS outad an n a, ki n gofM egad d haon then orthofHi n d os tan , an d memberof
thefami ly ofS aky aS a- ki a, 2 themos ti llus tri ous ofthec as teofBrahmi n s
.Hi s mother, whohad
c on c ei v ed hi m, ( BY A R AY O FL IG HT , ac c ord i n gto
D eG ui gn es , ) s an s s oui llure, wi thoutd efi lemen t,
thati s , thec on c epti on was i mmac ulate,
broughthi mi n totheworld after ten - mon ths wi thoutpai n .
Hewas born atthefootofatree, an d hed i d n ottouc htheearth, Brahmahav i n gs oughthi mto
rec ei v ehi mi n av as eofgold , an d G od s , orki n gs thei n c arn ati on s ofG od s , as s i s ted athi s bi rth .
T heM oun i s aan d P un d i ts ( prophets an d wi s emen rec ogn i z ed i n thi s marv ellous i n fan tallthe
c harac ters ofthed i v i n i ty , an d hehad s c arc ely s een thed ay beforehewas hai led D ev ata- D ev a,
G od ofG od s
.
Bud d ha, beforehewas c alled by then ameBud d haorWIS D O M , v ery early mad e
i n c red i bleprogres s i n thes c i en c es .Ili s beauty , as wellas hi s
wi s d om,
was morethan human ;
an d when hewen tabroad , c rowd s as s embled toad mi rehi m
.Afterac ertai n ti meheleftthe
palac eofhi s father, an d reti red i n tothed es ert, wherehec ommen c ed hi s d i v i n emi s s i on .T here
heord ai n ed hi ms elfpri es t, an d s hav ed hi s head wi thhi s own han d s , i .e .ad opted theton s ure .
Hetherec han ged hi s n ametoG uatama .
Afterv ari ous tri als , li ec ameoutofthemalltri umphan t ; an d afterc ertai n temptati on s orpen i -
ten c es , towhi c hhes ubmi tted i n thed es ert, werefi n i s hed , hed ec lared tohi s d i s c i ples thattheti me
was c ometoan n oun c etotheworld theli ghtofthetruefai th, theG od s thems elv es d es c en d i n g
fromheav en toi n v i tehi mtopropagatehi s d oc tri n es
.Hei s d es c ri bed by hi s followers as a G od
ofpi ty , the guard i an ors av i ourofman ki n d , the an c horofs alv ati on , an d hewas c harged toprepare
theworld forthed ay ofj ud gmen t .
Amarathus ad d res s es hi m: " T houarttheL ord ofallthi n gs , theD ei ty whoov erc omes tthe
" s i n s oftheCali - Y ug, theguard i an oftheun i v ers e, theemblemofmerc y toward s thos ewho
" s erv ethee- O M : thepos s es s orofallthi n gs i n v i talform. T HO U AR T BR AHM A, VIS HN U , AN D
" M AHR S A : thouarttheL ord oftheun i v ers e : thouarttheproperformofallthi n gs , mov eable
" an d i mmov eable, thepos s es s orofthewhole, an d thus Iad orethee .R ev eren c ebeun tothee,
" thebes towerofs alv ati on .- . . . . Iad orethee, whoartc elebrated by athous an d n ames , an d
" un d erv ari ous forms , i n thes hapeof BU D D HA
the G O D ofmerc y . Bepropi ti ous , 0 mos thi gh
"
G od
."
4
Bud d hawas often s ai d n oton ly tohav ebeen born ofav i rgi n , buttohav ebeen born , as
s omeofthehereti c s mai n tai n ed Jes us Chri s twas born , fromthes i d eofhi s mother . 5 Hewas als o
s ai d tohav ehad n ofatti er .T hi s ev i d en tly allud es tohi s bei n gthes on ofthean d rogy n ous
1
Jupi tertook M 1 7 z i q M eti s , towi fe
:
an d as s oon as hefoun d herpregn an t, hed ev oured her : i n c on s eq uen c e of
whi c h HE
bec amepregn an t, an d out of hi s bead was born P allas orM i n erv a . N owrn ri mean s D IVIN E WIS D O M .
T hatthi s i s an allegory c los ely c on n ec ted wi ththed oc tri n e of Bud d ha( wi s d om) , an d of then ' u n i ran t, orwi s d om
ofG en es i s , thefi rs teman ati on oftheJews , I thi n kn oon e
wi ll
d oubt, thoughi tmay bed i ffi c ulttoexplai n i ts d etai ls .
s
Ifwelookbac ktoS ec ti on 2, wes halls eethatM r .Fabers tates S a- ki atobean ameofBud d ha .T hi s Xac aor
S akai s theori gi n , as I s halls hew, ofthen ame
of ourS axon an c es tors
.
3 M oun i s aren othi n gbutM en us orwi s emen , li ketheM i n os es ofCrete, &c
., R as hees ofIn d i a, an d S ophi s of
P ers i a
.
4 M oore' s P an theon , pp .23, 33, 39 .

5
An d as M an i was s ai d tobeborn .
1 5 8 Bud d haan d Cri s tn atheS ame
Brahme- M ai a . I T hi s Is uppos etobed es c ri bed i n thepri n ts i n M oore' s P an theon , whereBud d ha
i s ri s i n gfromthen av elofBrahme- M ai a, wi ththeumbi li c alc ord un c ut .
M on s .D eG ui gn es 2 s tates thatFo, orBud d ha, was broughtforthn otfromthematri x, but from
theri ghts i d e, ofav i rgi n , whomaray ofli ghthad i mpregn ated . T heM an i c haean s held thatthi s
was thec as ewi thJes us Chri s t, an d by thi s s i n glefac t, wi thoutthen ec es s i ty foran y other, they
i d en ti fy thems elv es wi ththeBud d hi s ts .
S t.Jeroms ay s , 3 Apud G y mn os ophi s tas In d i ae, q uas i perman us , huj us opi n i on i s auc tori tas
trad i tur, q uod Bud d am, pri n c i pemd ogmati s eorum, a lateres uoVi rgogen erav i t .
Wes eeherethatthefollowers ofBud d haarec alled G y mn os ophi s ts .Ithas been obs erv ed that
theM eroeofE thi opi awas aM eru .T hi s i s c on fi rmed by an obs erv ati on ofHeli od orus , thatthe
pri es ts ofM eroewereofahuman ec harac ter, an d were c alled G y mn os ophi s ts . 4
When wetreatofs omed oc tri n es held by agen tleman ofthen ameofBen tley , Imus tbegmy
read ertorec ollec tthati n theac c oun tofJerom, theM y thos ofBud d ha, thes ameas thatof
Cri s tn a, was kn own tohi mi n thefourthc en tury , an d thereforec an n othav ebeen i n v en ted toop-
pos eChri s ti an i ty , aboutthes i xthc en tury , ortod ec ei v eM ohammed Akbari n thes i xteen th .
JAY AD E VA
thus ad d res s es Bud d ha : Q T houblames t( 0 won d erful) thewhole Ved a when thou
G Q s ees t, 0 ki n d - hearted ! thes laughterofc attlepres c ri bed fors ac ri fi c e- 0 K es av a ! as s umi n g
0 thebod y ofBud d ha .Bev i c tori ous , 0 Heri 1 lord oftheun i v ers e ." 5 Itmay beobs erv ed that
Heri mean s S av i our .
T herewas aG od d es s c alled JAY AD E VI, i .e
.theG od d es s Jay a .
6
6.Bud d haas wellas Cri s tn amean s s hepherd
.T hus , hewas the good s hepherd . M .G ui gn i aut
s ay s , therei s athi rd G uatama, thefoun d erofthephi los ophy N y ay a
.Ias k, may n otthi s bethe
phi los ophy ofac ertai n s ec t, whi c hi n i ts c eremon i es c haun ts i n hon ourofCri s tn atheword IE Y E ,
i n fac t, then ameoftheHebrewG od Ieue, or Jehov ah as wed i s gui s e
i t? 7
Wekn owthatn ames
ofpers on s i n pas s i n gfromon elan guagei n toan other, hav eoften been s urpri s i n gly c han ged ord i s -
gui s ed ; buttherei s i n reali ty n oc han gehere ; i ti s thei d en ti c aln ame .
T hi s i s on eofthous an d s ofi n s tan c es wherethei d en ti ty oftheE as tern an d theWes tern n ames
i s n otperc epti ble, un les s rec ours ebehad tothes i xteen - letters y s tem, whi c hIhav eexhi bi ted i n
my CE L T ICD R U ID S ;
an d hereImus ts toptomakean obs erv ati on on thei d en ti ty oflan guages .
Id on otc on s i d erthei d en ti ty ofc ommon n ames , thoughi ti s n ottoben eglec ted , as ofhalfs o
muc hc on s eq uen c eas thei d en ti ty ofpropern ames .Ithi n kn opers on whobas mad ehi ms elf
mas terofmy d oc tri n eres pec ti n gthean c i en ts y s temofs i xteen ori gi n alletters , c an helps eei n g
herethei d en ti ty oftheIE Y E an d the Ieue oftheHebrews , n orc an atthes ameti mehelps eei n g
i ts greati mportan c e, i n d i v i n gtothebottomofthean c i en tmy thologi es .T hetwoword s are
i d en ti c al; butwri tetheHebrewword i n thec ommon way
Jehov ah,
an d thetruthi s i n s tan tly
los t . Itmatters n othowthey arepron oun c ed i n mod ern ti mes
; when they wereori gi n ally wri t-
ten wi ththes ameletters , they mus thav ebeen thes amei n s oun d .- Iay a- d ev ai s s ai d tohav e
been av ery c elebrated poet, butwes eehehad then ameofon eoftheHi n d ooD ei ti es
.Fromthe
prac ti c eofc alli n gthei rd i s ti n gui s hed pers on ages by then ames ofthei rG od s an d G od d es s es , the
c on fus i on i n thei rhi s tory i s i rremed i able .lay ad ev i was thewi feofJi n a, on eofthei n c arn ati on s
ofVi s hn u .
s
' R atramn .d e N at .Chri s t .Cap .i i i .ap .Fab .P ag.Id ol.B.i v .C h .v .p
.432.

Hi s t.d es Hun s , T omeI .P arti i .p .224

. 3 Hi eron
.i n Jov i n i an um.

D eP aw, R ec herc bes s urles E gy pti an s , Vol.II ." M oore' s P an theon , p .234
.
6 M oore' s P an theon , p .235 , an d As i ati c R es .Vol
.III
.art .1 3, als oVol.IX
.
7
S eeM aur .Hi s t .Hi n d .Vol.II .p .339 , ed .4to .

6
M oore' s P an th
.P
.235 .
BookV.ChapterI . S ec ti on 6

1 5 9
O n ec an n otreflec tforamomen tupon thehi s tori es ofthed i fferen tAv atars ofIn d i a, wi thout
bei n gs truc kwi ththeapparen tc on trad i c ti on ofon eparttotheother
. T hus Cri s tn ai s theS un ,
y ethei s Apollo . Hei s BalaR ama, an d y et
Bala Cri s tn a . Hei s als oN aray an afloati n gon the
waters .
Agai n , hei s Vi s hn uhi ms elf, an d an i n c arn ati on ofVi s hn u . Hei s als oP arv ati , the
In d i an Ven us .
In s hort, hei s ev ery i n c arn ati on . Allthi s i s prec i s ely as i toughttobe, i fmy
theory bec orrec t .
Hei s an Av atarorren ewed i n c arn ati on , i n ev ery c as e, ofthes un , orofthat
hi gherpri n c i pleofwhi c hthes un i s an emblem- ofthathi gherpri n c i plewhi c hM os es ad ored
when befelld own upon hi s fac etotheblaz i n gbus h . T head orati on ofthes olarfi re, as the
emblemoftheFi rs tG reatCaus e, i s themas ter- key to
n loc kev ery d oor, tolay open ev ery
my s tery .
Bud d hamay bes een i n theIn d i aHous ewi thaglory roun d hi s head . T hi s Ic on s i d erofgreat
c on s eq uen c e
.
T heglory roun d thehead ofJes us Chri s ti s alway s d es c ri pti v eofhi s c harac ter,
as an i n c arn ati on ofthatHi gherP owerofwhi c hthes un i s hi ms elftheemblem, ortheman i fes -
tati on .
T herewerethous an d s ofi n c arn ati on s , butthos ewereallporti on s ofthed i v i n i ty
. E man ati on s ,
perhaps they may bec alled , i n v ulgarlan guage, fromtheD i v i n eM i n d , i n s pi red i n toahuman
bei n g. ButCri s tn a, as theBrahmi n s hold , was on eofthethreepers on s ofthei rT ri n i ty , Vi s hn u
hi ms elfi n c arn ated ; hewas thes ec on d pers on ofthei rT ri n i ty , bec omeman
.
In s pi red ori n -
s pi rated mi ghtbes ai d tobethes ameas i n c arn ated ; thi s was exac tly thes ameas theChri s ti an
d oc tri n e
. Wehav eman y i n s pi red pers on s , butJes us i s held tobeG od hi ms elfi n c arn ated - the
L ogos , on eofthethree, i n c arn ated
.- T oreturn tomy s ubj ec t .
Bud d hapas s ed hi s i n fan c y i n i n n oc en ts ports ; an d y ethei s often d es c ri bed as an arti fi c er .
In hi s man hood hehad s ev erec on tes ts wi thwi c ked s pi ri ts , an d fi n ally hewas puttod eath, we
s hallfi n d , by c ruc i fz i on , I d es c en d ed i n tohell, an d re- as c en d ed i n toheav en . T hepres en ts ec tof
theBrahmi n s hold Bud d hatohav ebeen awi c ked i mpos tor ; therefore, wen eed n otexpec tthem
tos ay an y thi n gfav ourableofhi m; butIc an en tertai n n od oubtthatbewas thes ameki n d of
i n c arn ati on as Cri s tn a
.
In my
Celti c D rui d s I
hav eobs erv ed , thattheword Crees hn a, oftheold Iri s h, mean s theS un .
N ow, i n theCollec tan eaofO us eley ,
2
wefi n d Bud h, Buth, Both, fi re, thes un ; Bui d elac hd , the
greatfi reoftheD rui d s .Weals ofi n d i n Vallan c ey ' s an c i en tIri s hhi s tory , thatthey brought
ov erfromtheE as tthewors hi pof
Bud h- d earg, orki n gBud h, whowas ofT HE FAM IL Y
O F S ACA-
s A, or bon us S ac a .
In theHi n d ooChron ology therei s aBud d haM un i , whod es c en d ed i n the
fami ly ofS ac y a
: an d on eofhi s ti tles was Arc a- ban d u,
orK i n s man oftheS un . Ifmy read er
wi lllookbac kali ttle, an d obs erv ethattheHi n d ooBud hhwas ofthefami ly of S AK Y A,
hewi ll,
Ithi n k, beli ev ewi thmethatherewehav etheHi n d ooBud d hai n Irelan d .
Iti s i mpos s i bletobe
d en i ed . Howc on tempti bled oes i tmakeourlearn ed pri es ts appear, whoaffec ttod es pi s efac ts of
thi s ki n d , an d toc on s i d erthelearn i n gwherei n they arec on tai n ed , ben eaththei rn oti c e
! But
they d o n ot d es pi s ethem; they hatetheman d fearthem
.T hey feelc on s c i ous thatthey prov ea
s tateoftheworld on c etohav eexi s ted , whi c hs hakes tothei rfoun d ati on s n umbers ofthei rn on -
s en s i c ald ogmas , an d , wi ththem, thei rgorgeous hi erarc hi es .
In theabov eextrac tG en eralVallan c ey c alls S ac a- s A, bon us S ac a .
Id ares ay i tmean s bon us ,
' N ei theri n thes i xteen v olumes of theT ran s ac ti on s of theAs i ati c S oc i ety of
Calc utta, n ori n theworks of S i r
W.
Jon es , n or i n thos eofM r .M auri c e, n orofM r .Faber, i s thereas i n gleword tobemetwi thres pec ti n gthec ruc i fi xi on
of Cri s tn a
. Howv ery extraord i n ary thatallthewri ters i n thes eworks s hould hav ebeen i gn oran tofs os tri ki n gafac t
Buti twas wellkn own i n theCon c lav e, ev en as early as theti me of Jerom.
2
Vol
.III .N o .I.
1 60
S i mpli c i ty ofBud d hai s m- E xplan ati on ofP lates
buti tmean s als o, Ithi n k, thes ameas theG reekword
: ~a, from2
; ac u
tos av e, ortheHebrew
word
y w'
i s o, an d mean s
S av i our .
T heArc a- ban d hu, abov e- men ti on ed , i s thes ameas theword N au- ban d a, an d has thes ame
mean i n g, as well- as thatof
K i n s man oftheS un , i fArc a- ban d uhav ethatmean i n g; fi ts arg, i n
Chald ee, mean s s hi p
.O ftheprobabi li ty ofthi s , wes hallbebetterabletoj ud gehereafter .
M
.M atterhas mad eav ery c orrec tobs erv ati on ( as weproc eed i n ouri n q ui ri es , ev ery n ewpage
wi llprod uc es omead d i ti on alproofs ofi ts truth)
; hes ay s , L ' An ti q ui tev rai men td E v oi le, n ous
offri rai tpeut- etreun eun i ted ev ues , etun eli ai s on d ec roy an c es , q ueles temps mod ern es aurai en t
pei n e
a c ompren d re
.IT hi s was thed oc tri n eofthelearn ed Ammon i as S ac c as , ofwhi c hIs hall
treathereafter .
7 .
T hefartherbac kwegoi n hi s tory themores i mplewefi n d thei c on s oftheG od s , un ti lat
las t, i n Italy , G reec e, an d E gy pt, wearri v eatati mewhen therewere
n oi c on s ofthem. An d
fromthi s c i rc ums tan c e, whi c hs eems tohav ebeen appli c abletoalln ati on s , Id rawac on c lus i on
fav ourabletothes uperi oran ti q ui ty oftheBud d hi s twors hi p
.ForBud d hai s n ev ers een i n the
old temples ,
wherehi s wors hi palon eprev ai ls , buti n on efi gure, an d thatofextremes i mpli c i ty .
An d i n man y temples aboutCabul, kn own tobeBud d hi s t, therearen oi mages atall.In thi s
c as ethey c an on ly bekn own by trad i ti on .
T hes ton ec i rc les , an d therui n s atD i pald i n n a, 2 areun d oubted ly amon gthemos tan c i en ti n
In d i a .
T hey areev i d en tly n otBrahmi n i c al, butBud d hi s torJai n .T heexec uti on ofthemmay
wellc ompetewi ththeworks ofthemos ts ki lfuloftheG reeks .T hed rawi n gs whi c hColon el
M ac ken z i eemploy ed then ati v es toexec ute, arev ery beauti fully d on e, buti n man y i n s tan c es a
c los ec ompari s on wi ththeori gi n als attheIn d i aHous ewi lls hew, thatthey by n omean s eq ual
them.
In thes eworks n on eoftheun n aturalmon s ters , wi thn umerous head s orarms , whi c hwe
s eei n the later
works oftheBrahmi n s orBud d hi s ts , aretobefoun d .T hes efac ts s eemtos hew,
thati n themos tremoteperi od s ofIn d i an hi s tory , good tas te, as wellas s ki ll, prev ai led - c i rc um-
s tan c es whi c harev ery worthy ofobs erv ati on .
T houghi n thes ed rawi n gs , by Col.M ac ken z i e, ofs c ulptures , atD i pald i n n a, n earAmrawatty ,
whi c haremos tbeauti fully exec uted , n oexampleofamon s trous fi gurewi llbefoun d - afi gure
wi ththreeorfourhead s - y ettheL i n gaan d Y on i areev ery wheretobes een as wellas the
fav ouri teCobraCapella, s hi eld i n gorc ov eri n gi ts fav ouri teG od wi thi ts hood .
T hei mages ofBud d hac an bec on s i d ered on ly as fi gures ofi n c arn ati on s , ofaporti on ofthe
S upremeBei n g
; i n fac t, ofhuman bei n gs , fi lled wi thd i v i n ei n s pi rati on ; an d thus partaki n gthe
d oubleq uali ty ofG od an d man .N oi mageofthes upremeBrahmhi ms elfi s ev ermad e ; buti ll
plac eofi t, hi s attri butes arearran ged , as i n thetempleof G hari puri , thus
BR AM A
WIS HN U
S IVA
P O WE R

CR E AT IO N
WIS D O M

P R E S E R VAT IO N
JU S T ICE

D E S T R U CT IO N
M AT T E R
S P IR IT
T IM E
T HE P AS T
T HE P R E S E N T
T HE FU T U R E
T hus eac h tri ad was c alled theCreator
.In thelas tofthes ed i v i s i on s wefi n d theT ri n i ty as c ri bed
toP lato, whi c hIhav en oti c ed i n
B .I . Ch .II .S ec t .4.Wes eeherewhen c etheG reeks hav e
obtai n ed i t, an d as was v ery c ommon wi ththem, they mi s un d ers tood i ts an d tookamerefi gura-
ti v e, oran alogi c al, expres s i on ofthed oc tri n e, forthed oc tri n ei ts elf
.P robably theE arth, fi re,
water, mi ghtbegi v en tothec an ai lle, by P lato, tod ec ei v ethem, as i thas d on es omemod ern s , to
whos es upers ti ti on i ts gros s n es s was s ui table .
'
M atters urles G n os ti q ues , Vol.II .p .20 5 .

s
M ac ken z i e' s Collec ti on i n theIn d i aHous e .
3 M oore' s P an th
.P .242 .
E arth .
Water .
Fi re .
BookV.ChapterI .S ec ti on 9

1 61
8 .
T hefi gurei n theplates n umbered 8 , d es c ri pti v eofBud d haorCri s tn a, i s gi v en by M on s
.
Creuz er .
T hefollowi n gi s theac c oun tgi v en ofthi s plateby M on s
.G ui gn i aut : t
Cri c hn a8 e
av ataron i n c arn ati on d e
Vi c hn ou, s ous
lafi gured ' un en fan t, allai tepar D ev aki ,
s amere, etrec e-
v an td es offran d es d efrui ts
; pres d e la
es tun grouped ' an i mauxras s embles d an s un ees pec e
d ' arc he
.
L ateted e1 ' en fan t- d i eu, n oi r,
c ommei n d i q ues on n om, es tc ei n ted ' un eaureoleaus s i
bi en q uec elled es amere . O n peut
v oi r en c ore, d an s c ettebellepei n ture, Bud d ha
s ur
les ei n d e
M ay a . 2
M
.Creuz erobs erv es thatthei mages ofCri s tn aan d Bud d haares os i mi lar, thati ti s d i ffi c ult
tod i s ti n gui s hthem
; an d thegroupepi c tured abov ei s ac kn owled ged by M oore, i n hi s Hi n d oo
P an theon , tobeappli c abletoBud d haon thekn eeofhi s beauti fulmotherM ay a
. 3
Buty etthere
i s on ec i rc ums tan c eofv ery greati mportan c ewhi c hi s pec uli artoBud d ha, an d forms ad i s c ri mi -
n ati n gmarkbetween hi man d Cri s tn a, whi c h
i s , thathei s c on ti n ually d es c ri bed as aN egro, n ot
on ly wi thablac kc omplexi on , i n whi c hheagrees wi thCri s tn a, butwi thwoolly hai ran d flatfac e
.
M
.Creuz erobs erv es , thattheblac kBud d ha, wi thfri z z led orc urled hai r, attac hes hi ms elfatthe
s ameti metothethrees y s tems i n towhi c hthereli gi on ofIn d i ad i v i d es i ts elf
.
9 .M r
.M oore, on hi s woolly head , s ay s ,
"
S omes tatues ofBud d hac ertai n ly exhi bi tthi c k
" E thi opi an li ps ; 4
butallwoolly hai r
: therei s s omethi n gmy s teri ous , an d un explai n ed , c on n ec ted
~~wi ththehai rofthi s , an d on ly ofthi s , In d i an d ei ty
. T hefac tofs oman y d i fferen ttales hav i n g
` ~been i n v en ted toac c oun tforhi s c ri s ped , woolly head , i s alon es uffi c i en ttoexc i tes us pi c i on , that
~~therei s s omethi n gtoc on c eal- s omethi n gtobeas hamed of
; morethan meets theey e
." 5
T hereas on why Bud d hai s aN egro, atleas ti n thev ery old i c on s , Itrus tIs hallbeabletoex-
plai n i n as ati s fac tory man n erhereafter
.T heBrahmi n s formas pec i es ofc orporati on , as ac erd otal
ari s toc rac y , pos s es s i n ggreatpri v i leges
;
buttheBud d hi s ts hav earegularhi erarc hy ; they forma
s tatewi thi n as tate, oras pi ri tualmon arc hy atthes i d eofatemporalon e
. " T hey hav ethei r
` ~c loi s ters , thei rmon as ti c li fe, an d areli gi ous rule
.T hei rmon ks formapri es thood n umerous an d
` ~powerful, an d they plac ethei rfi rs tgreatfoun d eratthei rhead as thes ac red d epos i tary ofthei r
"
fai th, whi c hi s tran s mi tted by thi s s pi ri tualpri n c e, whoi s s upported by thec on tri buti on s ofthe
~~fai thful, fromgen erati on togen erati on , s i mi lartothatoftheL amas ofT hi bet
." M .Creuz er
mi ghthav es ai d , n ot s i mi larto, but
i d en ti c alwi th theL amahi ms elf
; who, li ketheP opeofR ome,
i s G od on E arth, atthehead ofall, ati tlewhi c hthelatterformerly as s umed
. In d eed thec los e
s i mi lari ty between thetwoi s q ui tewon d erfultothos ewhod on otun d ers tan d i t
.
T hemon ks an d n un s oftheBud d hi s ts , heren oti c ed by M
.Creuz er, takethethreec ard i n alv ows
'
61 , xi i i .
eO f
thetwotray s whi c hareplac ed by thefi gurewi ththei n fan t, on ec on tai n s boxes , part
of themexac tly s i mi larto
thefran ki n c en s eboxes n owus ed i n theR omi s hc hurc hes , an d others s uc has mi ghtbeexpec ted tohold offeri n gs of
M y rrhorG old
.T hes ec on d c on tai n s c ows , s heep, c attle, an d otheran i mals
. Ifmy
read erhas ev ers een theexhi bi ti on
ofthen ati v i ty .i n thec hurc h
of theAraCoeli atR ome, on Chri s tmas - d ay , he
wi ll
rec ollec tthes heep, c ows , &c ., &c .,
whi c hs tan d aroun d theVi rgi n an d Chi ld
.It i s
an exac ti c on ofthi s pi c ture
.Hun d red s ofpi c tures oftheM otheran d
Chi ld , almos texac tc opi es of
thi s pi c ture, aretobes een i n Italy an d man y otherR omi s hc oun tri es
.
3 Col
.T od s ay s , D areweattempttoli ftthev ei lfromthi s my s tery , an d trac efromthes eat
of red empti on of los t
s c i en c ei ts ori gi n als ourc e? T hi s , Ian s wermy good , learn ed , an d phi lan thropi c fri en d , Ion ly hav ed on e
.T healle-
gory
of Cri s tn a' s E aglepurs ui n gtheS erpen tBud d ha, an d rec ov eri n gthebooks
of s c i en c ean d reli gi on wi thwhi c hhe
fled , i s an hi s tori c alfac td i s gui s ed
.T rue ! an d i ts mean i n gi s s oc lear, i treq ui res
n o
explan ati on .In theCav eat
G ay a, whi c hmean s theCav e of
G ai aortheE arth, i ti s wri tten - Heri
whoi s Bud d ha .
HeretheCol.s ay s , thatCri s tn a
an d Bud d ha, i n c harac ters , arec on j oi n ed
.T hi s i s true, an d they mean , Bud d hawhoi s Heri , an d Heri who
i s
Bud d ha .
- Hi s t .R aj apoutan a, p .5 3' j .
4 T heli ps areoften ti n ged wi thred tos hewthattheblac kn es s d oes
.n otari s efromthec olour
of thebron z eors ton e
of whi c hthei magei s mad e, butthatblac ki s thec olouroftheG od
.
M oore' s P an theon , p .232 .
1 62

Bud d haaN egro- S aman ean s ofClemen s - In c arn ati on s

ofpov erty , c has ti ty , an d obed i en c e, - the s ameas themon ks an d n un s oftheE uropean Chri s ti an s .
T hi s s i n gularfac taton c eprov es thei d en ti ty of theord ers i n thetwoc ommun i ti es , an d thatthey
mus thav ehad ac ommon ori gi n .Ikn own otan y c i rc ums tan c e of c on s eq uen c ei n thei rec on omy
i n whi c hthey d i ffer .
M ay ai s c alled thegreatmother, theun i v ers almother .S hei s c alled D ev i , ortheG od d es s
c rap' e~oX7 ) v - theG ran d Bhav an i , themotherofgod s an d
of men
. S hei s themotherofthe
T ri murti , orthebei n gc alled theCreator, P res erv er, an d D es troy er, whoms hec on c ei v ed by Brahm
an d when theBrahmi n s c an getn ofartheri n thei rmy s ti c s , they fi n i s hby c alli n gher
Illus i on .
P erhaps they had betterhav es ai d , D elus i on , whi c hi s thev ery poi n tarri v ed atby Bi s hopBerkeley ,
i n hi s metaphy s i c s .P lateVI . of Creuz er' s workrepres en ts M ai arec ei v i n gthead orati on ofthe
otherd i v i n i ti es .O n thetopofthebui ld i n gappeartheBeev e, an d , atthes i d e of i t, theY on i an d
L i n gha, i n un i on .T heBurmes emakeM ari a, orM aha- M ari a, themotherofthei rG od S omon -
Cod om, whowas Bud d ha .'
1 0 .Ac ertai n ord er of pers on s c alled S aman ean s aren oti c ed by P orphy ry an d Clemen s Alexan d ri n us .
Id on otd oubtthatthes earetheS omon okod omi tes ofS i am, an d theBud d hac alled by themthei r
lead er- tobetheBud d ha of
S i am, who, as S ury awi ththes ev en head s , i s thes un an d thes ev en
plan ets .T hi s M on s
.G ui gn i aut, i n hi s n ote, by ac uri ous ety mologi c alproc es s , has prov ed . 2 An d
thatthi s Bud d hawas ofv ery remoted atei s als oprov ed by thefac tn oti c ed by G ui gn i aut, thathe
i s i d en ti c alwi thO s i ri s an d theHermes ofE gy pt . " L ' Hermes d ' E gy pte, appeleen c oreT hoth
' ` on T haut, atous s es c harac tc res , ets eretrouv e a lafoi s d an s les c i eux, s urlaterre, etauxen fers
" l' Hermes ouM erc ured es G rec s etd es L ati n s es t fi ls d eM ay ac ommeBud d ha .N ous pouri on s
" pous s erbeauc oupplus loi n c es rapproc hemen s ." 3 L earn ed
men hav een d eav oured tomakeout
s ev eralBud d has as they hav ed on es ev eralHerc ules es , &c
. 4 T hey werebothv ery n umerous , but
atlas ttherewas on ly on e of eac h, an d thaton ethes un .An d fromthi s Iac c oun tforthes tri ki n g
s i mi lari ty ofman y ofthefac ts s tated of Bud d haan d Cri s tn a .Whatwas s ui tabletothes un i n
T aurus , would , forthemos tpart, bes ui tabletohi mi n Ari es , an d i twas probably aboutthi s
c han gethatagreatwartookplac ebetween thefollowers ofBud d haan d Cri s tn a, when ulti mately
theBud d i s ts wereexpelled fromL owerIn d i a .T hi s was thewaroftheM aha- barata .M aha
mean s great, an d Baratai s theHebrew
wi l
bra an d
n ti s
brat,
an d mean s CreatororR egen erator
.
T hi s , Ihav en od oubt, was themean i n gofthi s propern ame, i n theold lan guage .Whatmean i n g
theBrali mi n s may gi v etoi t, i n thei rbeauti ful, AR T IFICIAL S an s c ri t, Id on otkn ow
.Allthepro-
pern ames ofgod s , men , an d plac es , wi llbefoun d , i fwec ould gettothebottomofthem, i n the
Hebrew
.O n thi s Imus treq ues tmy S an s c ri tread ertos us pen d hi s j ud gmen tti llItreatofthe
S an s c ri tlan guage .
P orphy ry , i n hi s treati s eon
Abs ti n en c e, gi v es av ery good d es c ri pti on oftheBrahmi n s an d
S aman ean s , 5
fromwhi c hi tappears thatthelatterhad prec i s ely thes amemon as ti c regulati on s i n
hi s ti me, thatthey hav eatthi s d ay .
T heHermes ofE gy pt, orBud d ha, was wellkn own tothean c i en tCan aan i tes , whohad atemple
to
o- n
erm,
" T heP roj ec tor, by whi c hthey s eemtohav emean tthe
materi als pi ri t, orrather
" heav en s , c on s i d ered as
proj ec ti n g, i mpelli n g, an d pus hi n gforward s , theplan etary bod i es i n thei r
" c ours es ."
6
N otwi ths tan d i n gthen on s en s eabout materi als pi ri t or heav en s ,
theHermes , or
Bud d ha, i s v ery apparen t .
I L aL oubere, P .i i i .p .1 36 .
Hes y c hi us s ay s , that M ai , E aey a, an d M aha, had themean i n gofgreat, an d M ai bas themean i n gof
great i n mod em
Copti c .As i at .R es .Vol.III .p .41 5 .
2
Vol.1 .p .29 2 .

3 Ibi d .

4 S eetheD es ati r, publi s hed atBombay , i n 1 8 1 8

.
s D eAbs .L i b .i v .S ec t .xv i i .

6 P arkhurs t, L ex .i n v oc e rtn 1 rme .

BookV.
ChapterI .S ec ti on 1 0

1 63
T hed i fferen tBu, d d has Cri s tn as , R amas , &c ., areon ly d i fferen ti n c arn ati on s ofthes amebei n g.
T hewan tofatten ti on tothi s has c aus ed greatan d un n ec es s ary c on fus i on . In theS aman ean s an d
Bud d haofP orphy ry an d Clemen s , wehav eaproofthatthed oc tri n es ofBud d hi s mwerec ommon
i n thei rd ay .
T hes eS aman ean s weregreattrav ellers , an d makers ofpros ely tes ; an d by thi s mean s weread i ly
ac c oun tfortheway i n whi c htheori en tald oc tri n es c ametobemi xed upwi ththehi s tory ofJes us ,
by s uc hc ollec tors oftrad i ti on s as P api as , lren aeus , &c .T hes ewri ters mad epri z eofev ery i d le
s upers ti ti on they foun d , prov i d ed they c ould , by an y mean s , mi xi tupwi ththehi s tory an d d oc -
tri n es ofJes us ofN az areth, as Is hallabun d an tly prov ei n thes ec on d partofthi s work .
" BothCy ri lan d Clemen s Alexan d ri n us
1 agreei n telli n gus , thattheS aman ean s werethes a-
c erd otalord erbothi n Bac tri aan d i n P ers i a
. ButtheS aman ean s werethepri es ts ofS aman or
"
Bud d ha, an d i ti s wellkn own thatthes ac erd otalc las s ofBac tri aan d P ers i aweretheM agi
"
thereforetheM agi an d theS aman ean s mus thav ebeen thes ame, an d c on s eq uen tly Bud d ha, or
"
M aga, orS aman , mus thav ebeen v en erated i n thos eregi on s .
Wi ththi s c on c lus i on , themy -

tbologi c hi s tory oftheZen d - av es tawi llbefoun d i n perfec tac c ord an c e

. T hen ameofthemos t

an c i en tBull, thatwas un i ted wi ththefi rs tman K ey - U murth, i s s ai d tohav ebeen

Aboud ad .
" But
Aboud ad , li kethe
Abbuto oftheJapan es e, i s plai n ly n othi n gmorethan
Ab- Boud - d at, or
" father
Bud d h- D atta ." 2 Butthi s i s n ottheon ly proofoftheBud d hi s moftheP ers i an s
. Ac -
c ord i n gtotheD es ati rofM os han i , M aha- bad , i
.e .thegreatBud d ha, was thefi rs tki n gofP ers i a
an d ofthewholeworld , an d thes ameas thetri plas i an M i thras . 3
Bud d hahas hi s threec harac ters , thes ameas Brahma, whi c hprod uc ed threes ec ts , li kethos eof
theBrahmi n s - thatofBud d haorG autama, thatofJan aorJi n a, an d thatofArhan orM ahi man
. 4
Ithi n ki n thelas tofthes eti tles may befoun d theAhri man ortheM a- Ahri man , thed es troy er, of
P ers i a .
ButBud d hai s allowed by theBrahmi n s tohav ebeen an i n c arn ati on ofVi s hn u, ortobe
i d en ti fi ed wi thBrahma, Vi s hn u, an d S i v a, an d li kethemhewas v en erated un d erthen ameO M
.
Colon elFran kli n ( p .5 ) s ay s , "
T helearn ed M auri c een tertai n s n od oubtthattheeld erBood h

ofIn d i ai s n ootherthan theeld erHermes T ri s megi s tus ofE gy pt, an d thatthatori gi n alc ha-
rac teri s ofan ted i luv i an rac e ;
herethen i s an an alogy amoun ti n galmos ttopos i ti v ean d i rre-
"
fragablec on v i c ti on
;
forBood han d Jey n earekn own throughoutHi n d os tan , wi thv ery li ttle
"
exc epti on , tobeon ean d thes amepers on age
." In p
.41 , Colon elFran kli n remarks , thatBac -
c hus agrees i n hi s attri butes wi ththeIn d i an Bood h
.
An d M r .Faberobs erv es ,
" thatT uoai s

repres en ted as thefi rs t- born oftheS upremeG od , an d i s s ty led i n theE d d a

`
theeld es tof
" S on s ."
Hewas es teemed i n S c an d i n av i aas ami d d led i v i n i ty , a
med i ator between G od an d

man ."
6
Colon elFran kli n ( p
.9 9 ) s peaks of "
Jey n eIs hura, orJey n ethepres erv eran d guard i an of
man ki n d ."
Herei s theIn d i an O s i ri s as pres erv er, ors av i our, fromthes amerootas theHe-
brew y tU ' i s o,
tos av e .
Bud d hai n E gy ptwas c alled
Hermes T ri s megi s tus
; L y c ophron c alls hi m
T ri c ephalus . T hi s
s peaks fori ts elf, as wehav es een that
Bud d hai s i d en ti fi ed wi th
Brahma, Vi s hn u, an d
S i v a .
'
Clemen s Alexan d ri n us i n parti c ulars tates thattheS aman ean s werethepri es ts oftheBac tri an s
.S tromL i b .i .p .
30 5 ; Faber, P ag.Id ol
.B .i v .Ch .v .p
.235 .
z Faber, P ag.Id ol
.B .i v .Ch .v .p
.35 3 .

3 Ibi d .

4 Ibi d .p .349 .
eFaber, HormM os ai c ae, Vol.I .
6 Fran kli n ' s R es
.p .49 .Brahmai s gen erally i n then eutergen d er
.Butas Vi s hn uorN aray en hei s mas c uli n e, as
hei s als owhen hei s c on s i d ered as theCreator
.As i at . R es . Vol.I .pp .242, 243
; Colli er, S ec t .i v .
1 64

Cabul, Cav es At- Bud d hi s mE xten d s O v erM an y Coun tri es

M r .M oores ay s , "
M os t, i fn otall, oftheG od s oftheHi n d ooP an theon , wi ll, on c los e
i n v es ti - gati on ) ,
res olv ethems elv es i n tothethree powers , an d thos epowers i n toon eD ei ty , Brahm, ty pi -
fi ed by thes un ." ' Agai n , " In Hi n d umy thology ev ery thi n gi s i n d eed theS un
." N othi n g
c an bemoretrue .M r .M ooread d s , " Wemay here, as us ualwi thallHi n d ud ei ti es , trac e
"
K ama' s gen ealogy upward s tothes un , whoi s Brahm." 2
Iti s ad mi tted thatS ury ai s theS un , an d thathei s Bud d ha : hen c eBud d hai s thes un .Hei s
d es c ri bed wi ths ev en head s .Herehei s thes un , atten d ed by fi v eplan ets an d themoon .At
otherti mes , hei s d es c ri bed s leepi n gon ac oi led s erpen twi ths ev en head s , ov ers had owi n gan d
protec ti n ghi m, hi s an d thes erpen t' s head s maki n gei ght .T hefi rs ti s amy thos probably ad opted
beforetheearthwas d i s c ov ered tobeaplan et, li ketheotherfi v e, whi c hwereon ly c alled v ow
s mi m,
ord i s pos ers , thean gels ormes s en gers ofG od .
1 1 .Aboutthec i ty ofBami am, i n theki n gd omofCabul, areman y c av es ofi mmen s es i z ewi thout
an y s c ulptures .T heformati on ofthes ec av es i s attri buted , by trad i ti on , totheBud d hi s ts .T hey
arei n an c i en tP ers i a, n otfarfromBalc h .T hec i ty has been ofv ery greats i z e, an d has been
c ompared toT hebes i n E gy pt .Iti s c alled i n S an s c ri tVami - N agari , orthebeauti fulc i ty .T he
Bud d hi s tc av es , wi thouti mage ors c ulpture, s eemtobes peakthemos tremoteperi od .In the
old es tofthec av es i n In d i a, thos eofE llora, S alc ette, E lephan ta, thes c ulptures attes tthei d en ti ty
ofBud d hawi thCri s tn a .In mos tofthetemples , ofwhi c hthearc hi tec turebes peaks amorere-
c en td ate, n othi n gi s foun d relati n gtoBud d ha, buthei s foun d i n thetempleofJaggern aut, where
therei s n od i s ti n c ti on ofc as tes ors ec ts .T hed ateofthes etemples i s gen erally totally un kn own .
T hec olos s alBulli n fron tofthatatJaggern autev i d en tly betray s Bud d hi s m.
T hes ec i rc ums tan c es c on fi rmthehy pothes i s thatBud d hi s mwas thefi rs treli gi on , an d Is hall
hereafterprov ethatthereli gi on ofCri s tn awas en grafted i n toi t, when thefes ti v alwas c han ged
fromT aurus toAri es .
Colon elFran kli n s ay s , " T hatas thefi gures i n thec av es atCabulallbearthes tampofan
" In d i an ori gi n , wemay j us tly as c ri bethemtothev otari es ofBood h, whohas alread y been i d en ti -
"
fled wi ththeM i thras ofP ers i a ." 3
M
.Creuz erhas obs erv ed , thatthed oc tri n es ofBud d haares ai d tohav ec ometoIn d i afromthe
n orth .
O fthi s Ihav en od oubt .Ithi n kthattheplac eofhi s bi rthwas i n afarhi gherlati tud e
than ei therthatofU pperE gy pt, orofL owerIn d i a- i n alati tud ewherethemon thofM ai a, hi s
mother, would bethemon thofflowers an d d eli ght .T hi s would bethec as ei n N orthern T hi bet,
ori n ac li matev ery s i mi lartoi t, butn oti n ac li matewhere, i n themon thofM ay , allv erd urewas
wi theri n gaway by theexc es s oftheheat, an d thegroun d fas tred uc i n gtoaparc hed d es ert .
Bud d hai s s tated by S i rW .Jon es tobe
Wod en ,
an d n otan ati v eofIn d i a . 4 Buti ti s remarka-
ble, that Wod en i s hi s T amuln ame, an d theT amules earen owi n S outhIn d i a .T hi s wi llbefoun d
ofi mportan c ehereafter .
M on s .G ui gn i aut, i n hi s n otes on Creuz er, has v ery j us tly obs erv ed thattheearli es tn oti c ewe
hav eoftheP ers i an reli gi on has c omefromthen orth, fromthean c i en tAri aorBalc h, thean c i en t
Bac tri an a .Hes ay s , " N ous av on s d 6j aparled es temples s outerrai n s d eBami am, a
q uelq ue
" d i s tan c ed eCaboul.Ic i laP ers eet1 ' In d e, Horn etBrahma, Boud d haetZoroas ter, s emblen ts e
"
d on n erlamai n ." 5 T hed oc tri n eofBud d haexten d s throughoutChi n aan d i ts tri butary n ati on s
;
ov erthegreatempi res an d s tates ofCoc hi n Chi n a, Cambod i a, S i am, P egu, Av a, As am, T i bet,
Bud tan ; man y oftheT artartri bes , an d , exc eptHi n d os tan perhaps , gen erally allparts eas tof
theG an ges , i n c lud i n gv as tn umbers oflargean d populous i s lan d s .
6
' P an theon , pp .6, 1 6 .

Y
Ibi d .p .447
.

3 P .1 1 3 .
4
As i atR es . Vol. II .4to .p .9 .

a
Creuz er, Vol.I .p .67 7 .

6 M oore' s P an theon , p .240

.
BookV. C h a p t e r I . S e c t i on 1 2

1 6 5
Th e i mme n se e xt e n t ofc oun t r yove r wh i c h Buddh i smp r e va i lssur e lyr a i se sa st r on gp r e sump -
t i on ,t h a t i t wa st h e r oot ,a n dC r i st n i sma br a n c h fr omi t
. M. S c h e ge lh a sr e ma r ke d,t h a t i n t h e
t e mp le sofBuddh a a r e t obe foun d a ll
t h e Pa n t h e on oft h e i dolsofI n di a ; n ot on lyt h e i r t h e ogon y,
but t h e i r h e r oi c a lmyt h ology
; t h e sa me myst i c i smwh i c h t e a c h e sma n t oun i t e h i mse lfby
c on t e mp la t i on t ot h e De i t y ;
a n d,t h a t t h e c h i e fdi ffe r e n c e be t we e n t h e Buddh i st sa n dVi sh n ui t e s
c on si st si n t h e for me r for bi ddi n gt h e sh e ddi n gofbloode i t h e r for sa c r i fi c e or food
. But a sS c h e ge l
just lyobse r ve s,i t i sa lsoc on si de r e dt obe a gr e a t vi r t ue wi t h t h e de vot e e sofVi c h n ut oa bst a i n
fr omt h e se p r a c t i c e s
. Th e Buddh i st sa r e a llowe dt oh a ve be e n a t on e t i me ve r yn ume r ouson t h i s
si de t h e Ga n ge s,but i t i ssa i dt h e ywe r e e xt e r mi n a t e dor e xp e lle d
. Th e ya r e ,h owe ve r ,be gi n n i n g
t or e a p p e a r i n t h e Dja i n a s . M. S c h e ge lsa ys, "
I kn own ot i n t r ut h wh a t di ffe r e n c e on e c a n
"
e st a bli sh be t we e n t h e n e wse c t a r i e sa n dt h e Buddh i st s. " 1
I n t h e Tr a n sa c t i on soft h e Asi a t i c
S oc i e t y 2 i t i ssa i d, "
Th e p r i n c e soft h e c oun t r yc on t i n ue dJa i n st i llt h e p r i n c e ,i n t h e t i me of

Pr a t a p ,t ur n e dt oVi sh n ou. "I t i sa dde d, "

t h e Buddi st sa n dJa i n sa r e t h e sa me . "
1 2 . Th e followi n gc op y,i n Moor e 'sHi n dooPa n t h e on ,ofa n i n sc r i p t i on wh i c h wa sfoun di n
Be n ga l,t h e ve r yfoc usoft h e c oun t r yoft h e Br a h mi n s,i sofi t se lf,a si t sge n ui n e n e ssc a n n ot be
di sp ut e d,a lmost e n ough t op r ove t h e or i gi n a li de n t i t yofC r i st n a a n dBuddh a
. Th e a ddr e ssi s
sa i dt obe t ot h e S up r e me Be i n g
:"
Re ve r e n c e be un t ot h e e i n t h e for mofBuddh a
:r e ve r e n c e be
un t ot h e e ,Lor doft h e e a r t h
:
r e ve r e n c e be un t ot h e e ,a n i n c a r n a t i on oft h e De i t y,a n dt h e
`~e t e r n a lon e :
r e ve r e n c e be un t ot h e e ,0God !
i n t h e for moft h e Godofme r c y : t h e di sp e lle r
" ofp a i n a n dt r ouble : t h e Lor dofa llt h i n gs : t h e De i t ywh oove r c ome st t h e si n soft h e Ka li
Yug : t h e gua r di a n oft h e un i ve r se ; t h e e mble mofme r c yt owa r dt h ose wh ose r ve t h e e ,
oM !
"
t h e p osse ssor ofa llt h i n gsi n vi t a lfor m . Th oua r t Br a h ma ,Vi sh n u,a n dMa h e sa ;
3
t h oua r t
"
t h e Lor doft h e un i ve r se ; t h oua r t t h e p r op e r for mofa llt h i n gs,move a ble a n di mmove a ble
;

t h e p osse ssor oft h e wh ole ,a n dt h usI a dor e t h e e ; r e ve r e n c e be un t ot h e e ,t h e be st owe r of

"sa lva t i on : r e ve r e n c e be un t ot h e e ,(Ke sa va ,)t h e de st r oye r oft h e e vi lsp i r i t ,Ke si . -O
Da mor -
"
da r a ! sh e wme fa vour . Th oua r t h e wh or e st e t h up on t h e fa c e oft h e mi lkyoc e a n ,a n dwh o
`~li e t h up on t h e se r p e n t S e sh a
. " 4 Aga i n ,Mr . Moor e sa ys, "
I n C e ylon ,t h e S i n gh a le se h a ve

t r a di t i on sr e sp e c t i n gBuddh a ,t h a t ,li ke t h e le ge n dsofKr i sh n a ,i de n t i fyh i mwi t h h i sp r ot ot yp e ,

Vi sh n u . "I t h i n kwi t h Mr . Moor e a n dMa jor Ma h on y,t h a t t h e i de n t i t yofBuddh a a n dVi sh n u

i sc le a r lyma de out . 5
I h a ve be e n a ske di ft h e ybe i de n t i c a l,h owa r e we t oa c c oun t for t h e wa r s ? I a n swe r ,i sn ot
t h e r e li gi on oft h e Pr ot e st a n t a n dt h e Pa p i st i de n t i c a l,t h a t i s,a li ke for msofC h r i st i a n i t y ? Th e n ,
h owa r e we t oa c c oun t for t h e i r wa r s ? Ast h e wa r soft h e We st ma ybe a c c oun t e dfor ,soma y
t h ose oft h e Ea st
.
I n myla st c h a p t e r I sa i d,t h a t t h e wor d oM wa suse de xa c t lyli ke our wor dAme n
. I n t h e
a bove p r a ye r i sa p r oofofwh a t I t h e r e a dva n c e d,wi t h t h i son lydi ffe r e n c e ,t h a t i t wa sn ot sp oke n
but me di t a t e don ,i n p r ofoun dsi le n c e ,a t t h e e n doft h e di st i c h or t h e p r a ye r . Th e wor sh i p of
C r i st n a h a sbe e n p r ove dt oh a ve be e n i n e xi st e n c e ,a t t h e t e mp le ofMut r a or Ma t ur e a on t h e
Jumn a ,i n t h e t i me ofAle xa n de r t h e Gr e a t . Th i sa c c or dswi t h wh a t Mr . Fr a n kli n
s
h a sobse r ve d,
t h a t t h e Buddh i st st a t ue sdug
up a r oun dt h e r ui n sofoldt e mp le si n e ve r y
p a r t ofI n di a ,p r ove
t h a t t h e r e li gi on oft h e c oun t r ywa sfor me r lyt h a t ofJa va ,wh i c h i st h a t ofBuddh a . He r e gr e t s
t h a t t h e yh a ve h i t h e r t obe e n t r e a t e dwi t h n e gle c t . Th e n a me oft h e i sla n dJa va ,i sc le a r lyt h e
' I n t h e Muse umoft h e Asi a t i c S oc i e t y i s a Buddh a wi t h a Bull
on t h e p e de st a loft h e i ma ge
. I t i sa Dja i n Buddh a
.
No. X .
sP
. 5 3 2 .

3 I s t h e Ma -h e sa of Mr . Moor e t h e MA or gr e a t -h e sus of Ga ul ? I be li e ve so. But , n ousve r r ous.

' Pp .
2 2 2 ,2 2 4 .

5 lb . p . 2 2 8 .

6 Re se a r c h e s on Bodh sa n dJe yn e s,C h . i

.
1 6 6
C a ssi n i -Loube r e -C yc le s
i sla n dofI e ua ,i . e .
mi n )
i e ue . Mr
. Fr a n kli n ma ke sa n obse r va t i on wh i c h i sn e wt ome ,t h a t
t h e a n c i e n t Et r ur i a n sh a dt h e c oun t e n a n c e sofNe gr oe s,t h e sa me a st h e i ma ge sofBuddh a i n
I n di a . '
Th i si sve r yst r i ki n g,wh e n c omp a r e dwi t h t h e p r oofswh i c h I h a ve gi ve n i n my C ELTI C
DRUI DS , C h . I I . S e c t . xxv . Ap . p . 3 04 ,oft h e i de n t i t yoft h e S a n sc r i t a n dt h e a n c i e n t la n gua ge of
I t a ly. C r i st n a h a vi n gbe e n ma de out t obe t h e sun ,t h e c on se q ue n c e n e c e ssa r i lyfollows,t h a t
Buddh a i st h e S un ; a n dt h i se a si lya n dsa t i sfa c t or i lya c c oun t sfor t h e si mi la r i t yi n t h e h i st or yof
C r i st n a a n dofBuddh a
. An da llt h e se c i r c umst a n c e sa r e e a si lya c c oun t e dfor ,i fBuddh a a n d
C r i st n a we r e t h e S un i n Ta ur usa n dAr i e s
. I n t h e q uot a t i on a bove ,fr omMon s . S c h e ge l,t h e
se c on dHe r me sTr i sme gi st usi sa llude dt o . I n t h e se q ue lI sh a llsh e wt h a t t h e se a lle ge da p p e a r -
a n c e sofse c on dp e r son soft h e sa me n a me we r e de r i ve dfr oma syst e mofr e n e we di n c a r n a t i on s,
a n dofun c e a si n gr e volvi n gc yc le s .
Th e e lde r Buddh a be i n gn owa dmi t t e dbya llor i e n t a lsc h ola r st oh a ve lon gp r e c e de dC r i st n a ,I
h a ve n ooc c a si on t odwe lllon ge r on t h i ssubje c t .
C HAPTERI I
C a ssi n i
. Lube r e
. C yc le s-I sa i a h 'sPr op h e c ykn own t ot h e Egyp t i a n sa n dt h e
C e lt sofGa ul-Myst i c a lme a n i n goft h e Le t t e r M-Exp la n a t i on oft h e Or i e n t a l
Ast r on omi c a lS yst e ms-S ubje c t c on t i n ue d
. Mr . Be n t le y
. Be r osus-Mosa i c
a n dHi n dooS yst e ms
. Va r i ousPr op h e c i e s-Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla
. S ubje c t c on -
t i n ue d .
1 . THE
followi n gobse r va t i on soft h e ve r yc e le br a t e da st r on ome r C a ssi n i ,ma de mor e t h a n a h un -
dr e dye a r sa go,a n de xt r a c t e dfr omLa Loube r e 'sHi st or yofS i a m,wi lle n a ble me t oe li c i t
se ve r a lc on c lusi on sr e sp e c t i n gt h e fa mousNe r os,oft h e gr e a t e st i mp or t a n c e
. Asa n a st r on ome r ,
M. C a ssi n i i si n t h e fi r st r a n k
. Noon e wi llde n yt h a t h i sc a lc ula t i on sup on
a c kn owle dge d or
a dmi t t e dfa c t s a r e e n t i t le dt ot h e h i gh e st r e sp e c t
. I t h i n kt h e ywi lle n a ble me t op oi n t out t h e
or i gi n ofma n yoft h e di ffi c ult i e sr e sp e c t i n gBuddh a a n dC r i st n a ,a n dt oe xp la i n t h e m
. Th e ywi ll
a lsoe n a ble me t osh e wt h e mode wh i c h wa sa dop t e dbyt h e e a r lyp op e sa n dot h e r p r i e st s,i n
fi xi n gt h e t i me sofse ve r a loft h e most i mp or t a n t C h r i st i a n e p oc ba s
;
a swe lla st oe xh i bi t t h e mode
i n wh i c h t h e GodsBuddh a a n dC r i st n a h a ve be e n r e ge n e r a t e d
. Th e se c i r c umst a n c e sh a ve e i t h e r
be e n un obse r ve d,or t h e yh a ve be e n c on c e a le dfr omEur op e a n s
. Aft e r a lon gdi sc ussi on on t h e
for ma t i on oft h e S i a me se a st r on omi c a la n dc i vi le p oc h a s,i n wh i c h ,wi t h p r ofoun dle a r n i n g,C a ssi n i
e xp la i n st h e p r oc e ssbywh i c h t h e yh a ve be e n for me d,h e sa ys,
"
Th e fi r st lun i sola r p e r i od,c omp ose dofwh ole a ge s,i st h a t of6 00ye a r s,wh i c h i sa lsoc om-
p ose dof3 1 p e r i odsof1 9 ,a n don e of1 1 ye a r s
. Th ough t h e c h r on ologi st ssp e a kn ot oft h i s
~~p e r i od,ye t i t i son e oft h e a n c i e n t e st t h a t h a ve be e n i n ve n t e d
.
1 1
Jose p h us, 2
sp e a ki n goft h e p a t r i a r c h st h a t li ve dbe for e t h e de luge ,sa ys,t h a t
I Godp r olon ge d
" t h e i r li fe ,a swe llbyr e a son oft h e i r vi r t ue ,a s
t oa for dt h e mt h e me a n st op e r fe c t t h e sc i e n c e sof
ge ome t r ya n da st r on omy,wh i c h t h e yh a di n ve n t e d :
wh i c h t h e yc ouldn ot p ossi blydo,
i f t h e yh a d
' Re se a r c h e son Bodh sa n dJe yn e s,p
. 1 4 9 .

2
An t i q . Jud. Li b
. LC a p . i i i .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I
. S e c t i on 1

1 6 7

li ve dle sst h a n 6 00 ye a r s,be c a use t h a t i t i sn ot t i lla ft e r t h e r e volut i on ofsi xa ge s,t h a t t h e gr e a t

" ye a r i sa c c omp li sh e d
. '
"
Th i sgr e a t ye a r ,wh i c h i sa c c omp li sh e da ft e r si xa ge s,wh e r e ofn ot a n yot h e r a ut h or ma ke s
" me n t i on ,c a n on lybe a p e r i odoflun i sola r ye a r s,li ke t ot h a t wh i c h t h e Je wsa lwa ysuse d,a n d
" t ot h a t wh i c h t h e I n di a n sdost i llma ke use of. Wh e r e for e we h a ve t h ough t n e c e ssa r yt o
" e xa mi n e wh a t t h i sgr e a t ye a r must be ,a c c or di n gt ot h e I n di a n r ule s .
" Byt h e r ule soft h e fi r st se c t i on i t i sfoun d,t h e n ,t h a t i n 6 00ye a r st h e r e a r e 7 2 00sola r

mon t h s ; 7 4 2 1 lun a r mon t h s,a n d He r e t h i sli t t le fr a c t i on must be n e gle c t e d

; be c a use
" t h a t t h e lun i sola r ye a r sdoe n dwi t h t h e lun a r mon t h s,be i n gc omp ose dofe n t i r e lun a r mon t h s .
" I t i sfoun dbyt h e r ule sofS e c t i on I I . ,t h a t 7 4 2 1 lun a r mon t h sdoc omp r e h e n d2 1 9 ,1 4 6 da ys,

li h our s,5 7 mi n ut e s,5 2 se c on ds : i f,t h e r e for e ,we c omp ose t h i sp e r i odofwh ole da ys,i t must

c on si st of2 1 9 ,1 4 6 da ys .
"
6 00Gr e gor i a n ye a r sa r e a lt e r n a t i ve lyof2 1 9 ,1 4 5 da ys,a n d2 1 9 ,1 4 6 da ys : t h e ya gr e e t h e n t o
" h a lfa da ywi t h a soli lun a r p e r i odof6 00ye a r s,c a lc ula t e da c c or di n gt ot h e I n di a n r ule s .
" Th e se c on dlun i sola r p e r i odc omp ose dofa ge s,i st h a t of2 3 00ye a r s,wh i c h be i n gjoi n e dt o
" on e of6 00,ma ke sa mor e e xa c t p e r i odof2 9 00ye a r s
: a n dt wop e r i odsof2 3 00ye a r s,joi n e dt o

a p e r i odof6 00ye a r s,doma ke a lun i sola r p e r i odof5 2 00ye a r s,wh i c h i st h e i n t e r va loft h e t i me

" wh i c h i sr e c kon e d,a c c or di n gt oEuse bi us'sc h r on ology,fr omt h e c r e a t i on oft h e wor ldt ot h e
" vulga r Ep oc h a oft h e ye a r sofJe susC h r i st .
" Th e se lun i sola r p e r i ods,a n dt h e t woe p oc h a soft h e I n di a n s,wh i c h we h a ve e xa mi n e d,do
" p oi n t un t ous,a swi t h t h e fi n ge r ,t h e a dmi r a ble e p oc h a oft h e ye a r sofJe susC h r i st ,wh i c h i s
" r e move dfr omt h e fi r st oft h e se t woI n di a n Ep oc h a s,a p e r i odof6 00ye a r s,wa n t i n ga p e r i odof

1 9 ye a r s,a n dwh i c h p r e c e de st h e se c on dbya p e r i odof6 00ye a r s,a n dt woof1 9 ye a r s

. Th us

t h e ye a r ofJe susC h r i st (wh i c h i st h a t ofh i si n c a r n a t i on a n dbi r t h ,a c c or di n gt ot h e t r a di t i on of

t h e c h ur c h ,a n da sFa t h e r Gr a n da myjust i fi e si t i n h i sC h r i st i a n c h r on ology,a n dFa t h e r Ri c c i o-
`~lusi n h i sr e for me da st r on omy)i sa lsoa n a st r on omi c a lEp oc h a ,i n wh i c h ,a c c or di n gt ot h e mo-
de r n t a ble s,t h e mi ddle c on jun c t i on oft h e moon wi t h t h e sun h a p p e n e dt h e 2 4 t h ofMa r c h ,a c -
c or di n gt ot h e Juli a n for mr e -e st a bli sh e da li t t le a ft e r byAugust us,a t on e o'c loc ka n da h a lfi n
`~t h e mor n i n g,a t t h e me r i di a n ofJe r usa le m,t h e ve r yda yoft h e mi ddle Eq ui n ox,a we dn e sda y,
"
wh i c h i st h e da yoft h e c r e a t i on oft h e se t wop la n e t s .
"Th e da yfollowi n g,Ma r c h 2 5 t h ,wh i c h ,a c c or di n gt ot h e a n c i e n t t r a di t i on oft h e c h ur c h ,r e -
"
p or t e dbyS t . August i n e ,'wa st h e da yofour Lor d'si n c a r n a t i on ,wa sli ke wi se t h e da yoft h e
" fi r st p h a si soft h e moon ; a n d,c on se q ue n t ly,i t wa st h e fi r st da yoft h e mon t h ,a c c or di n gt ot h e
"
usa ge oft h e He br e ws,a n dt h e fi r st da yoft h e sa c r e dye a r ,wh i c h ,byt h e di vi n e i n st i t ut i on ,must
" be gi n wi t h t h e fi r st mon t h oft h e sp r i n g,a n dt h e fi r st da yofa gr e a t ye a r ,t h e n a t ur a le p oc h a of
wh i c h i st h e c on c our se oft h e mi ddle e q ui n ox,a n doft h e mi ddle c on jun c t i on oft h e Moon wi t h
" t h e S un .
"
Th i sc on c our se t e r mi n a t e s,t h e r e for e ,t h e lun i sola r p e r i odsoft h e p r e c e di n ga ge s,a n dwa sa n

e p oc h a fr omwh e n c e be ga n a n e wor de r ofa ge s,a c c or di n gt ot h e or a c le oft h e S i byl,r e la t e dby

" Vi r gi li n t h e se wor ds(Ec log . i v . )
Ma gn us a b i n t e gr osa e c lor umn a sc i t ur or do ;
Ja mn ova p r oge n i e s
C a e lodi mi t t i t ur a lt o
.
" Th i sor a c le se e mst oa n swe r t h e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h , Pa r vulusn a t use st n obi s ; (c h . i x . 6 a n d7 ; )

wh e r e t h i sn e w-bor n i sc a lle dGoda n dfa t h e r offut ur e a ge s ;

De usfor t i s,p a t e r fut ur i sa c uli .
" Th e i n t e r p r e t e r sdor e ma r ki n t h i sp r op h e c y,a sa t h i n gmyst e r i ous,t h e e xt r a or di n a r ysi t ua t i on
1 De Tr i n . Li b . i v. C a p . v.
1 6 8
C a ssi n i --Loube r e -C yc le s
" of a Me m fi n a l(wh i c h i st h e n ume r i c a lc h a r a c t e r of6 00)i n t h i swor d
n n t )5 lmr be ,a dmult i p li -
" c a n dum, wh e r e t h i s Me a n
fi n a li si n t h e se c on dp la c e ,t h e r e be i n gn oot h e r e xa mp le i n t h e wh ole

t e xt oft h e HolyS c r i p t ur e wh e r e -e ve r a fi n a lle t t e r i sp la c e don lya t t h e e n doft h e wor ds

. Th i s
"
n ume r i c a lc h a r a c t e r of6 00i n t h i ssi t ua t i on mi gh t a llude t ot h e p e r i odsof6 00ye a r soft h e Pa -
"
t r i a r c h s,wh i c h we r e t ot e r mi n a t e a t t h e a c c omp li sh me n t oft h e p r op h e c y,wh i c h i st h e e p oc ba ,

fr omwh e n c e we doa t p r e se n t c omp ut e t h e ye a r sofJe susC h r i st . " I

On t h i sp r op h e c yMr . Fa be r sa ys, "
I n t h i se xt r a or di n a r yp oe m,h e (Vi r gi l)c e le br a t e st h e e x-
p e c t e dbi r t h ofa won de r fulc h i ld,wh owa sde st i n e dt op ut a n e n dt ot h e a ge ofi r on ,a n dt oi n -
"
t r oduc e a n e wa ge ofgold,(p r e c i se lyt h e i de a ofI sa i a h ) .
"
Th e la st p e r i odsun gbyt h e S i bylli n e p r op h e t e ss,i sn owa r r i ve d ; a n dt h e gr a n dse r i e sofa ge s,
"
THATS ERI ES WHI C HREC URS
AGAI NANDAGAI NI NTHEC OURS EOFONEMUNDANEREVOLUTI ON,
" be gi n sa fr e sh . Nowt h e Vi r gi n Ast r e a r e t ur n sfr omh e a ve n
; a n dt h e p r i mc e va lr e i gn ofS a t ur n
"r e c omme n c e s ; n owa n e wr a c e de sc e n dsfr omt h e c e le st i a lr e a lms
of h oli n e ss . Dot h ou,Luc i n a ,

smi le p r op i t i ouson t h e bi r t h ofa boy,wh owi llbr i n gt oa c lose t h e p r e se n t a ge ofi r on ,a n di n t r o-

"
duc e ,t h r ough out t h e wh ole wor ld,a n e wa ge ofgold. Th e n sh a llt h e h e r dsn olon ge r dr e a dt h e
"
fur yoft h e li on ,n or sh a llt h e p oi son oft h e se r p e n t a n ylon ge r h e for mi da ble : e ve r yve n omousa n i -
ma la n de ve r yde le t e r i ousp la n t sh a llp e r i sh t oge t h e r . Th e fi e ldssh a llbe ye llowwi t h c or n ,t h e
" gr a p e sh a llh a n gi n r uddyc lust e r sfr omt h e br a mble ,a n dh on e ysh a lldi st i lsp on t a n e ouslyfr omt h e
" r ugge doa k. Th e un i ve r sa lglobe sh a lle n joyt h e ble ssi n gsofp e a c e ,se c ur e un de r t h e mi ldswa yof
`~i t sn e wa n ddi vi n e sove r e i gn . " 2
Ma n yofour di vi n e sh a ve be e n muc h a st on i sh e da t t h e c oi n c i de n c e be t we e n t h e p r op h e c yoft h e
h e a t h e n S i byla n dt h a t ofI sa i a h ; t h e di ffi c ult yI fla t t e r myse lfI sh a lln owbe a ble t or e move ,by
sh e wi n gt h a t i t r e la t e dt ot h e syst e mofc yc le s,wh i c h Mon s . C a ssi n i de t e c t e di n t h e S i a me se ma -
n usc r i p t .
I sh a lln owp r oc e e dt op r ove t h a t t h e p e r i odof6 00ye a r s,or t h e Ne r osa llude dt obyC a ssi n i ,
wh i c h h a sbe e n we llde sc r i be dbyt h e most c e le br a t e da st r on ome r sa st h e fi n e st p e r i odt h a t e ve r
wa si n ve n t e d,a n dwh i c h . Jose p h ussa yswa sh a n de ddown fr omt h e p a t r i a r c h swh oli ve dbe for e
t h e flood,i st h e foun da t i on oft h e a st r on omi c a lp e r i odsoft h e I n di a n s,a n di sp r oba blyt h e a ge or
mun da n e r e volut i on a llude dt obyVi r gi l .
On t h e subje c t oft h i sfi n e c yc le ,a n dt h e i mp or t a n t
c on se q ue n c e sde duc e dbyMon s . Ba i llyfr omt h e kn owle dge ofi t byt h e a n c i e n t s,myC e lt i c Dr ui ds
ma ybe c on sult e d . Th e r e myr e a de r wi llse e p r oofst h a t i t wa sp r oba blyt h e i n ve n t i on ofa p e r i od
lon gp r i or t oa n yt h i n gwh i c h we h a ve be e n a c c ust ome dt oc on t e mp la t e a sfoun de don h i st or i c a l
r e c or ds .
I n S e c t . I I I . M. C a ssi n i h a ssh e wn t h a t t h e r e wa sa mon gt h e S i a me se a ve r yi mp or t a n t e p oc h a
i n t h e ye a r 5 4 4 be for e C h r i st .
Th i si st h e se r a fi xe dfor t h e se c on dBuddh a a c c or di n gt ot h e
Br a h mi n s . He h a sa lsop oi n t e dout a n ot h e r e p oc h a ,6 3 8 ye a r sa ft e r t h e bi r t h ofJe susC h r i st
;
t h e se myr e a de r wi llp le a se t or e t a i n i n r e c olle c t i on
. Th e se r a ofBuddh a i sc a lc ula t e dfr omh i s
de a t h ,t h a t ofC h r i st fr omh i sbi r t h ,a n dt h i ssh oulda lwa ysbe r e me mbe r e d
.
Th e followi n gobse r va t i on ssh e wMon s
. C a ssi n i wa sofop i n i on ,t h a t t h e se S i a me se p e r i odsh a d
some c on n e xi on wi t h Pyt h a gor a s ; h e sa ys,
" Th i sS i a me se Ep oc h a (of5 4 3 or 5 4 4 B . C
. )i si n t h e t i me ofPyt h a gor a s,wh ose dogma t a we r e

c on for ma ble t ot h ose wh i c h t h e I n di a n sh a ve a t p r e se n t ,a n dwh i c h t h e se p e op le h a da lr e a dyi n

" t h e t i me ofAle xa n de r t h e Gr e a t ,a sOn e si c r i t us,se n t byAle xa n de r h i mse lft ot r e a t wi t h t h e I n -
" di a n p h i losop h e r s,t e st i fi e dun t ot h e m,a c c or di n gt ot h e r e p or t ofS t r a bo,Li b
. xv . "
3
C a ssi n i
I
La Loube r e ,Hi st
. S i a m,Tome I I . S e c t . xxi i . a n dxxi i i .

' Pa ga n I dol . Vol

. I I . p . 1 0.
3 La Loub. C a ss . Tome I I . p . 2 03 .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 2

1 6 9
h a ssh e wn
1 wh yt h e a bove -n a me de p oc h a ough t t obe
5 4 3 a n dn ot 5 4 4 ,
2
(h i sr e a son si t i sn ot n e -
c e ssa r yfor me t or e p e a t ,)t h e n ,i fwe a dd
5 4 3 t ot h e se c on dp e r i od 6 3 8 ,
we sh a llh a ve t h e sp a c e
of 1 1 8 1 ye a r sbe t we e n t h e m ;
i fwe a ddt owh i c h t h e p e r i od1 9 ,we sh a llh a ve e xa c t ly1 2 00,wh i c h
ma ke st woNe r ose s. C a ssi n i sa ys, " Be t we e n t h e t woI n di a n e p oc h a st h e r e i sa p e r i odof
1 1 8 1
"
ye a r s,wh i c h be i n gjoi n e dt oa p e r i odof1 9 ye a r s,t h e r e a r e t wop e r i odsof6 00ye a r s,wh i c h r e -

duc e t h e n e wmoon sn e a r t h e e q ui n oxe s

. " 3
La la n de ,i n h i sAst r on omi e , 4
sa ys, " S i Yon e mp loi e la dur e e de 1 'a n n e e q ue n ousc on n oi sson s

e t le moi sS i n odi q ue t e lq ue n ousl'a von si n di q ue c i -de va n t ,c 'e st -a -di r e ,de smoi sde 2 9 jour s
1 2 h e ur e s4 4 mi n . 3 se c
. c h a c un ,on a ur a 2 8 h e ur e s,1 mi n . ,4 2
s e c . d e t r op ,da n sle sse p t mi lle ,

q ua t r e c e n t ,vi n gt -un e lun a i sson s :

a i n si la lun e r e t a r de r oi t de p lusd'un jour a ubout de si x

c e n t sa n s . "
I n ot i c e t h i s,h e r e ,t h a t a r e a de r le a r n e d-i n a st r on omyma yn ot sup p ose me i gn or a n t ofi t ,or
t h a t I h a ve ove r looke di t
. I n myt h ologi c a lc a lc ula t i on sfor sh or t p e r i ods,sma lle r r or sli ke t h i s
c a n be ofli t t le c on se q ue n c e . I n a fut ur e bookoft h i swor k,I sh a llsh e wt h a t ,a t la st ,a ve r yi m-
p or t a n t c on se q ue n c e a r ose fr omt h i se r r or ;
a n dI fla t t e r myse lft h a t I sh a llbe a ble ,byi t s,me a n s,
t oe xp la i n a p a r t oft h e a n c i e n t myt h ology,be yon da llq ue st i on t h e most c ur i ousa n di mp or t a n t of
t h e wh ole .
2 . Th e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h a llude dt obyC a ssi n i h a dr e fe r e n c e i n t h e fi r st 'p la c e t oa n e wc yc le ,
wh i c h ma ybe c a lle dt h e c yc le ofC yr us,be c a use i n I sa i a h h e i sde sc r i be dbyn a me . I t p r oba bly
be ga n a bout t h e c a p t i vi t y . Th e da t e ofi t p r ofe sse st obe some t i me be for e t h a t c yc le of6 00
ye a r s,wh i c h c yc le p r e c e de dt h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
;
wh i c h bi r t h ough t t obe p r e c i se lya t t h e e n dof
t h e c yc le a bove -n a me d,i n wh i c h t h e
5 4 3
ye a r sbe for e C h r i st a r e sp oke n of. I t i se vi de n t t h a t t h i s
p r op h e c yoft h e c yc le ofC yr uswould,i n a c on si de r a ble de gr e e ,a p p lyt oe ve r ysuc c e e di n gc yc le of
t h e Ne r os. I n t h e sa me ma n n e r I sh a llsh e wt h a t t h e p r op h e c i e sofC r i st n a a n dBuddh a wi llbe
foun dt oa p p lyt ot h e i r r e -a p p e a r a n c e s .
Th e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h ma ybe sa i dt oh a ve be e n a myst e r y,a n e xa mp le ofjudi c i a la st r ology .
I t r e q ui r e dn odi vi n e i n sp i r a t i on t op r ove t ot h e i n i t i a t e d,t h a t ,a t t h e e n doft h e c yc le t h e n r un -
n i n g,a n e wc yc le wouldc omme n c e ,or t h a t t h e c yc le oft h e GodC r i st n a ,t h e S un ,wouldbe bor n
a ga i n :
a n dt h i sle a dsust oa di sc ove r ywh i c h wi lla c c oun t for a n dr e move ma n yoft h e di ffi c ult i e s
wh i c h our le a r n e dme n h a ve e n c oun t e r e dr e sp e c t i n gBuddh a a n dC r i st n a
. I t i se vi de n t t h a t bot h
oft h e mbe i n gt h e sun ,myst i c a llya n da st r ologi c a llysp e a ki n g,t h e i r ye a r wa s6 00ye a r slon g,a n d
t h e i r bi r t h da yon t h e fi r st ye a r oft h e 6 00,on wh i c h wa sa c on jun c t i on ofsun a n dmoon a t t h e
ve r n a le q ui n ox . Th e da yoft h e fi r st bi r t h ofBuddh a wa sa t t h e ve r n a le q ui n oxoft h a t 6 00wh e n
t h e sun e n t e r e dTa ur us,ofC r i st n a oft h a t 6 00n e a r e st t ot h e t i me wh e n h e e n t e r e dAr i e s . Th e
bi r t h da ysofbot h -
r e t ur n e de ve r y6 00ye a r s-wh e n t h e Ph e n or Ph e n i sh e or Ph oe n i xwa sc on -
sume don t h e a lt a r oft h e t e mp le oft h e sun a t He li op oli s,i n Egyp t ,a n dr ose fr omi t sa sh e st o
n e wli fe .
Th i s,I t h i n k,se e mst oh a ve be e n p ur e lya st r ologi c a l
.
At fi r st ma n yp e r son swi llbe gr e a t lysur p r i se da t t h e a sse r t i on ,t h a t t h e p a ssa ge sofI sa i a h ,
c h
. vi i
. 1 4 ,vi i i . 8 ,a r e n ot p r op h e c i e sofC h r i st
. I n or de r t ofor c e t h e t e xt ofI sa i a h t ose r ve t h i s
' S e c t . xi x . P . 2 1 9 .

Q
Vi de Asi a t . Re s. Vol. VI . p . 2 6 6 . 8 vo
.
3
Th e Br a h mi n swe r e a c q ua i n t e dwi t h t h e C yc le
of1 9 ye a r s . C r a wfur dsa ys, " I t i s c ur i oust ofi n da t S i a mt h e
" kn owle dge of t h a t C yc le ,
of
wh i c h t h e i n ve n t i on wa st h ough t t odosomuc h h on our t ot h e At h e n i a n a st r on ome r
" Me t on ,a n dwh i c h ma ke s so
gr e a t a fi gur e i n our mode r n c a le n da r s . "Re se a r c h e s,
Vol . I I . p . 1 8 . Th e S i a me se
h a dt h e Me t on i c c yc le mor e c or r e c t lyt h a n Numa ,Me t on ,or C a li p p us,a n dt h e Ep a c t a lsomor e c or r e c t t h a n t h e
Fr e n c h i n t h e t i me of C a ssi n i
. C a ssi n i , p . 2 1 3 . M. Ba i lli obse r ve dt h a t t h e C h i n e se ,t h e I n di a n s,t h e C h a lde a n s,
a n dt h e Egyp t i a n s,a llh a dt h e sa me a st r on omi c a lfor mula e for t h e c a lc ula t i on
of e c li p se s,t h ough t h e p r i n c i p le s
of
t h e mwe r e for got t e n . Fa be r ,Pa g
. I dol . Vol . I . p . 3 7
.
4
Tome I I . Ar t . 1 5 7 0, e d . 3 .
1 7 0

I sa i a h 'sPr op h e c yKn own t ot h e Egyp t i a n sa n dt h e C e lt sofGa ul

p ur p ose ,C le me n sofAle xa n dr i a ,Bi sh op Ki dde r ,Dr
. Ni c h olls,Bi sh op C h a n dle r ,Dr . C a mp be l,
a n dma n yot h e r s,h a ve be e n obli ge dt osup p ose t h a t Godi n sp i r e dt h e a ut h or t ouse a _ double se n se ,
a n dt h a t t h e p r e di c t i on sr e la t e dbot h t ot h e p r op h e t 'sson ,bor n a bout t h e t i me wh e n t h e se we r e
wr i t t e n ,a n dt oC h r i st ,bor n ma n yh un dr e dye a r sa ft e r wa r d
. Th e se le a r n e dme n don ot se e me ve r
t oh a ve t h ough t e i t h e r oft h e un wor t h i n e ssoft h e mot i ve wh i c h t h e ya t t r i but e t ot h e De i t ybyt h i s
de c e i t ,or oft h e gr ossa bsur di t yofma ki n gt h e p r op h e c yofC h r i st ,wh owa st obe bor n soma n y
h un dr e dye a r sa ft e r wa r d,a si gn t ot h e p e op le t h e n li vi n g . Howe ve r ,t h e mon st r ousa bsur di t yof
t h i sdouble se n se h a sbe e n r e fut e dbyDr . S yke s,Dr . Be n son ,Bi sh op Ma r sh ,a n dot h e r s ; a n dDr .
Eke r ma n ,a n dDr . Ge or ge S . C la r ke ,i n h i sHe br e wC r i t i c i sma n dPoe t r y,Lon d . 1 8 1 0,ma i n t a i n
t h a t t h e OldTe st a me n t c on t a i n sn op r op h e c ya t a llwki c h li t e r a llyr e la t e st ot h e p e r son of
C h r i st . '
Aga i n ,Dr
. Ada mC la r ke ma i n t a i n s,t h a t t h e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h -A
vi r gi n 2 sh a llc on c e i ve a n d
be a r a son ,a n dc a llh i sn a me I mma n ue l, doe sn ot me a n C h r i st . 3
Dr
. C la r ke sa ys,"I t i sh umblya p p r e h e n de dt h a t t h e youn gwoma n usua llyc a lle dt h e Vi r gi n i s
" t h e sa me wi t h t h e p r op h e t e ss, 4 a n dI mma n ue li st obe n a me dbyh i smot h e r ,t h e sa me wi t h t h e
" p r op h e t 'sson ,wh omh e wa sor de r e dt on a me Ma h e r -sh a la l-h a sh -ba z
. "s
I t h i n kn oon e wi llde n yt h a t Dr
. Ada mC la r ke ,t h e a n n ot a t or on t h e Bi ble ,i sa ve r yle a r n e d
ma n ,a n dh e i sh e r e a n un wi lli n gwi t n e ss,a n dh e c ome st ot h i sc on c lusi on i n t h e t e e t h ofa llt h e
p r e judi c e sofh i se duc a t i on ,a ft e r h a vi n gr e a da llt h e la bour e da t t e mp t sofour di vi n e st oma ke
t h e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h a p r op h e c yr e la t i n gt oJe susC h r i st
. I ma i n t a i n t h e n ,t h a t t h i sfa i r lyop e n s
t h e door t ot h e e xp la n a t i on wh i c h I sh a lln owgi ve ,a n dwh i c h ,I t h i n k,wi llbe c on si de r e dp r oba ble ,
wh e n I sh e wt h a t ma n yot h e r e xp r e ssi on sofI sa i a h a r e t h e sa me wi t h t h e Hi n doodoc t r i n e sa n d
p r e di c t i on s . At a lle ve n t s,wi t h e ve r yp e r son wh ose un de r st a n di n gi sn ot q ui t e dwa r fi fi e dby
sup e r st i t i on ,t h e r e i sa n e n doft h e be li e fi n wh a t h a sbe e n c a lle dt h e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h ,a sa n e -
c e ssa r ya r t i c le offa i t h . Th e He br e wfor I mma n ue li s
5 K1
i jomn ua l,
wh i c h ma yc e r t a i n lybe r e n -
de r e d wi t h usGod. But i t mi gh t a lsobe r e n de r e dby
OMOUR GOD, t h e wor dOmbe i n gt h e fi r st
sylla ble oft h e n a me ofAmmon ,t h e sur n a me ofJup i t e r Ammon ,oft h e `I e govOuz v8 ,a n doft h e
Ammon i t e s,c h . vi i i . 8 ,"An dt h e st r e t c h i n gout ofh i swi n gssh a llfi llt h e br e a dt h oft h yla n d,0
" I mma n ue l,or Godwi t h us," or t h e la n doft h e e ,Omour God-t h e A . U. M
. or OmofI n di a .
I c a n e n t e r t a i n li t t le doubt t h a t t h i sp r op h e c ywa swe llkn own t ot h e Ga ulsor C e lt sa n dDr ui ds,
lon gbe for e t h e t i me ofC h r i st ,a si sma de suffi c i e n t lye vi de n t bya n i n sc r i p t i on
Vi RGI NI PARI TVRR,
wh i c h wa sfoun da t C h a r t r e sup on a
bla c k i ma ge ofI si s . Th i si ma ge wa sma de byon e oft h e i r
ki n gs,a n dt h e Re v. M. La n ge vi n sa ysi t wa se xi st i n gi n h i sda y,a bout 1 7 9 2 .
6
Th e ya r e a lmost
t h e wor dsofI sa i a h ,a n dMon s . La n ge vi n sa ys,we r e i n sc r i be don e h un dr e dye a r sbe for e t h e bi r t h of
C h r i st . Alon gwi t h t h e st a t ue ofI si swa sa boa t ,wh i c h M . La n ge vi n sa yswa st h e symbolun de r
wh i c h t h i sGodde sswa sa dor e d. Th i swa st h e Ar glla ofI n di a ,ofwh i c h I sh a llt r e a t h e r e a ft e r .
'
C la ss. Jour n a l, Vol . X X X I I I . p . 4 7 .
I be gle a ve t oa skt h e -c a n di dr e a de r , i f on e c a n be foun d,h owh e c a n e xp e c t un le a r n e dp e r son st op a ya n ya t t e n t i on
t ot h e se p r op h e c i e s,a st h e ya r e c a lle d,wh e n some of
t h e most le a r n e ddi vi n e s,muc h a ga i n st t h e i r i n c li n a t i on s,a r e obli ge d
t oc on fe sst h a t t h e ya r e n osuc h t h i n g? On e fa c t ,h owe ve r ,t h i sc le a r lyp r ove s,t h a t n oma n c a n be e xp e c t e d,bya me r -
c i ful God,un de r p a i n of p un i sh me n t ,t obe li e ve subje c t si n volve di n so muc h di ffi c ult y.
s
Th e wor d vi r gi n h e r e i s, i n t h e He br e w,n n ~
. v
olme , a n d
i s p r e c e de d by t h e e mp h a t i c a r t i c le n e , t h e r e for e of c our se
i t me a n s
THE n ot A vi r gi n
. I n t h e Ph oe n i c i a n ,Boc h a r t sa ys,e mn h v
olma si gn i fi e svi r gi n
. Th i si se vi de n t lyt h e sa me
wor d,t h e c e le st i a lvi r gi n ,t h e Alma Ve n us of Luc r e t i us,a n dt h e Br a h me -Ma i a of I n di a ,or t h e Vi r gi n Ast r e a ,a llude d
t o by
Vi r gi l.
3 C la ss . Jour n . Vol. I V. p . 1 6 9 ,ofNo. VI . a n d No. VI I .

4 C h a p . vi i i
. 3 .
a
C
la ss . Jour n . Vol. I . p
. 6 3 7
. t
Z bz u,r h s 5 3 t ysi t `i n n me r . I c a n n ot for a mome n t be li e ve t h a t t h e REAL, t h a t i s,
t h e se c r e t ,me a n i n g of t h e se wor ds i s,p r e e da ma c c e le r a vi t sp oli umfe st i n a n do .
6 Re c h e r c h e sHi st . sur Fa la i se ,p a r La n ge vi n ,p r e t r e .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 3

1 7 1
Th i sp r op h e c y,wh i c h our di vi n e sh a ve be e n soe a ge r t oma ke a p p lyt oJe susC h r i st ,wa skn own
a lsot ot h e Egyp t i a n sa n dGr e e ks,a swe lla st ot h e Hi n doosa n dJe ws
.
Th i sfa c t st r on glysup -
p or t smyr e n de r i n g,a n dt h a t i t r e la t e dt ot h e i r sa c r e d Om. I
S i n gula r a smyr e a de r ma yi ma gi n e i t t obe t h a t I sa i a h sh oulda llude t ot h e Oa t ofI n di a ,h e wi ll
n ot t h i n ki t sove r yp a r a doxi c a la n dsi n gula r ,wh e n h e le a r n s,t h a t t h e h i st or yofC yr us,wh oi s
p r op h e si e dofbyn a me byI sa i a h ,i st a ke n fr oma p a ssa ge i n t h e li fe ofC r i st n a ,fr omsome h i st or y
ofwh omHe r odot usmust h a ve c op i e di t . For t h e p a r t i c ula r soft h i st h e r e a de r ma yr e fe r t oMr
.
Ma ur i c e 'sHi st or yofHi n dost a n . 2
I be gh i mt or e fle c t on t h i se xt r a or di n a r yfa c t be for e h e p r o-
c e e ds. Hi sut t e r i n a bi li t yt oa c c oun t for i t h e must c on fe ss
.
Th e c on n e xi on n ot i c e dbyC a ssi n i be t we e n t h e p r op h e c yofI sa i a h ,t h e or i e n t a lc yc le s,a n dt h e
p r op h e c yoft h e S i byli n Vi r gi l,h a sa st r on gt e n de n c yt oc on fi r mt h e e xp la n a t i on wh i c h I h a ve
gi ve n a bove oft h e wor d
5 r c un y
omn ua l or I mma n ue l,use dbyI sa i a h .
I n a ddi t i on t oa llt h i s,i n t h e c our se oft h e followi n gwor k,wh e n I t r e a t oft h e S i byls,I sh a ll
p r oduc e ma n yve r yst r i ki n gp r oofsofi de n t i t ybe t we e n t h e doc t r i n e sofI sa i a h a n dt h ose oft h e
Or i e n t a li st s
.
An dI be gmyr e a de r t or e me mbe r ,wh a t I h a ve a lr e a dyp r ove d,t h a t a llt h e le a r n e d
a n c i e n t sh e ldt h a t t h e sa c r e dbooksh a dt wome a n i n gs .
He wi lla lsor e me mbe r ,t h a t a lmost e ve r y
t h i n gi sc lose lyc on n e c t e dwi t h judi c i a la st r ology .
3 . Th e c a lc ula t i on of. t h e a ge oft h e wor ldbe for e C h r i st ,a c c or di n gt oEuse bi us,e n di n ge xa c t lywi t h
t h e S i a me se c yc le ,i sve r yc ur i ous . On t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st t h e Ea st e r n a st r ologe r s,wh o,a c c or di n g
t ot h e t wodi sp ut e dc h a p t e r si n Ma t t h e wa n dLuke ,h a dc a lc ula t e dh i sn a t i vi t y,c a me t oBe t h le h e m,
or t h e t e mp le of C EREs, wh e r e Adon i sor Adon a i wa sa dor e d,t oma ke t oh i mt h e sola r offe r i n gs,a s
I sa i a h ,a c c or di n gt ot h e sa me di sp ut e dc h a p t e r s,h a dfor e t old . Allt h i sa p p li e sve r ywe llt ot h e sun ,
t o. C r i st n a or Buddh a ,t oJe susofBe t h le h e m,but h a sn ot h i n gt odowi t h Je susofNa z a r e t h . Wh e n
t h e I r e n a e use s,Pa p i a se s,a n de a r lyPop e s,we r e i n t r udi n gt h e di sp ut e dc h a p t e r sofMa t t h e wa n d
Luke i n t ot h e i r c a n on ,t h e yt ooka llt h e r e ma i n de r oft h e st or yt owh i c h t h e se booksa llude d . Th e
bookofI sa i a h mi gh t p r oba blymi sle a dt h e m . 3
Th e bookofI sa i a h h a sgi ve n muc h t r ouble ,a sa lr e a dyme n t i on e d,t oour di vi n e s
.
Th e yh a ve
wa n t e di t for a p r op h e c yofC h r i st ,wh i le i t li t e r a llye xp r e sse s t h a t i t a llude st o C yr us, 4 a n dt h a t i t
wa sfor a si gn t ot h e p r op h e t 'sc on t e mp or a r i e s :
i n c on se q ue n c e ,a sI h a ve just st a t e d,t h e yh a ve
be e n obli ge dt oh a ve r e c our se t o a double se n se . No
doubt ,i n on e p oi n t ofvi e w,t h e double se n se
i sjust i fi e d,a sI sa i a h 'sp r e di c t i on r e la t i n gt ot h e c yc le n e xt c omi n gwould,i n a c on si de r a ble de gr e e ,
a p p lyt oe ve r yn e wr e volvi n gc yc le ,a si t a r ose
. Asa wor kofjudi c i a la st r ology,i t i si n de e dve r y
p r oba ble t h a t t h e p r e di c t i on h a da double se n se ,for t h a t i sst r i c t lyi n c on for mi t ywi t h t h e sp i r i t of
a st r ologyor ma gi c
.
Our di vi n e s,de p e n di n gon t h e ve r yq ue st i on a ble a ut h or i t yoft h e i r c h r on ology,wi llt e llme ,t h a t
I sa i a h for e t oldC yr usa sa Me ssi a h ,be for e h e wa sbor n
. I sa yn ot h i n goft h e e a se wi t h wh i c h
t h e se p r op h e c i e smi gh t be c or r up t e d,a c i r c umst a n c e wh i c h we kn ow,e i t h e r le ssor mor e ,h a sh a p -
p e n e dt oe ve r ysa c r e dwr i t i n gi n e xi st e n c e :
but obse r ve ,t h a t t h e wor d C yr usi s a sola r e p i t h e t ,t h a t
i n fa c t i t me a n st h e sun
. 5
I sa i a h must h a ve be e n a n un ski lfula st r ologe r or C h a lde a n i fh e c ouldn ot
1 S e e
C ELTI C DRUI DS , C h . v. S e c t . vi i i . p . 1 6 3 ,n ot e .

'
Vol. I I . p . 4 7 8 . Ed. 4 t o .
'As usua l we fi n dt h e mla yi n gt h e i r h a n ds on
e ve r yt h i n gt h e yfoun d. Th usi n Luke i i . 2 5 -3 8 ,we h a ve a st or y of
S i me on ,a n d of
An n a ,t h e da ugh t e r ofPh a n ue l,wh i c h i s
a c omp le t e i n t e r lop e r . Wh yi t i sh e r e n oon e c a n t e ll
; but
Ph a n ue li sPh a n or Ph e n -our -god,t h e c yc le oft h e n e r os
; vi de C e lt i c Dr ui ds,Ap p . p p . 3 07 ,3 08 ; a n d of An n a ,or t h e
ye a r ,we sh a llse e mor e bya n dby .
4 I sa i a h xlv. 1 -4 . Th e c i r c umst a n c e of C yr usbe i n g
c a lle dbyh i sn a me i s di ffe r e n t fr ome ve r yot h e r p r op h e c y .
b
C yr uswa sc a lle dC a i C osr oe ,t h e p r i mi t i ve of wh i c h i s,C or e sh , a Pe r si a n n a me for t h e S un . Ma ur . Hi st . Hi n d.
Vol. I I . p . 4 7 8 .
1 7 2
Myst i c a l Me a n i n goft h e Le t t e r M
for e t e llt h e t i me ofa n e wi n c a r n a t i on oft h e sun
. Th i ssola r e p i t h e t ofh on our gi ve n t ot h e Pe r si a n
c on q ue r or ,a n dt h e e ve n t soft h e i n c a r n a t i on ,ve r ywe lla gr e e wi t h t h e ot h e r p a r t i n t h e sa me p r o-
p h e c y,wh e r e OMour God, or t h e He r oor Me ssi a h oft h e soli -lun a r c yc le ,i sfor e t old
. Oft h e
n a me soft h e e a r li e st oft h e a n c i e n t swe h a ve sc a r c e lyon e wh i c h h a sn ot be e n gi ve n on a c c oun t of
some sup p ose dq ua li t y,or some t h i n gi n t h e li fe ,oft h e be a r e r s,wh i c h c ouldon lybe kn own (e x-
c e p t bydi vi n e i n sp i r a t i on )a ft e r t h e i r de a t h s
. Th i smust h a ve be e n t h e c a se wi t h t h e n a me of
C yr us .
I t wa sn ot t i lla ft e r h e li ve dt h a t h e wouldbe kn own t ot h e wor ldt ode se r ve t h e sola r
t i t le .
I be li e ve t h e n a me Ph a r a oh ,ofEgyp t ,wa sa si mi la r sola r t i t le ,me a n i n g,i n t h e C op t i c ,
wi t h out vowe ls,4 D 5 00,P1 00,H8 ,=6 08
.
I n Ush e r 'sC h r on ology,t h e fa mouse c li p se oft h e sun ,wh i c h c a use dt h e ba t t le be t we e n t h e
Me de sa n dLydi a n st oc e a se ,a n dwh i c h wa ssa i dt oh a ve be e n for e t oldbyTh a le s,i sp la c e d
e xa c t ly6 01 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st . I a mwe lla wa r e t h a t t h e da t e oft h i se c li p se h a sbe e n a subje c t
ofmuc h c on t r ove r sy.
But t h e da t e ofi t be i n gfi xe dbyUsh e r ,wh e r e ,a c c or di n gt omyt h e or yi t
ough t t obe ,i sst r i ki n g
. I n t h e sa me ye a r t h e c i t yofNi n e ve h i ssa i dt oh a ve be e n t a ke n ,a n dt h e
Assyr i a n e mp i r e de st r oye d,a si t wa sfor e t oldi n h olywr i t ,a n dt h e Gr e a t C yr ust oh a ve be e n bor n
.
Th e se c oi n c i de n c e sc a n sc a r c e lyh a ve be e n t h e p r oduc e ofa c c i de n t
. Th e ya r e a llc lose lyc on n e c t e d
wi t h t h e sa c r e dp r op h e c i e s
.
Th e c a se oft h e MEM
fi n a li n t h e He br e wwor d
n n =t
lmr be ,
t h e si gn of6 00,n ot i c e dby
C a ssi n i ,le a ve sli t t le r oomt odoubt oft h e a llusi on .
S e c r e t soft h i ski n dc on st i t ut e sa c r e dmyst e -
r i e s,c a ba la .
I a mbyn ome a n sc e r t a i n t h a t t h e r e i sn ot a se c r e t r e li gi on i n S t
. Pe t e r 's,n ot kn own
p e r h a p st oa n yp e r son sbut t h e Pop e a n dC a r di n a ls .
I be li e ve I a ma t t h i smome n t le t t i n gout
t h e i r se c r e t s
. I be gle a ve t oa skt h e mi ft h e yh a ve n ot i n some oft h e Adyt a ofS t
. Pe t e r 'sC h ur c h ,
a c olumn or li t h osofve r y
p e c uli a r sh a p e , on wh i c h a r e a sc r i be dt h e wor ds
ZwU 2 ; uw7 ,q ,
or some
wor dsofn e a r lysi mi la r me a n i n g
? I h a ve n ot se e n i t ,but I h a ve i t on a ut h or i t ywh i c h I c a n n ot
doubt .
Th i sMe mfi n a lwa sun de r st oodbyPi c usofMi r a n dula ,wh oma i n t a i n e dt h a t t h e c lose d=Me m
i n I sa i a h ,t a ugh t ust h e r e a son soft h e Pa r a c le t e c omi n ga ft e r t h e Me ssi a h
.
He 'e vi de n t lyun de r -
st oodt h a t t h e r e wa sa se c r e t c on c e a le dun de r t h i swor dofI sa i a h
. He wa sa ma n muc h c e le br a t e d
for
h i sle a r n i n gi n t h e a n t i q ui t i e soft h e Je ws,a n dt h usi t a p p e a r st h a t myi de a ,t a ke n fr omM
.
C a ssi n i ,i sn omode r n t h ough t ,but t h a t
a si mi la r op i n i on r e sp e c t i n gt h i swor dwa sh e ldfour h un -
dr e dye a r sa go,bya ma n wh o,ofa llot h e r si n mode r n t i me s,wa st h e most li ke lyt oun de r st a n d
i t . 2
Th i s,I h op e ,wi lljust i fyme a n dC a ssi n i a ga i n st t h e c h a r ge ofbe i n gfa n t a st i c a l
.
I n t h e c e le br a t e dh i st or yc a lle dTh e Gosp e loft h e I n fa n c y,wh i c h ,I t h i n ki t p r oba ble ,wa s
or i gi n a llyi n Ar a bi c ,but ofwh i c h t h e r e a r e some p a ssa ge sr e ma i n i n gi n Gr e e k,Je susi ssa i dt o
h a ve be e n se n t t oa sc h ool-ma st e r ,t owh omh e e xp la i n e dt h e myst i c a lme a n i n goft h e le t t e r s
.
Th i sgosp e lwa sp e c uli a r lyt h e gosp e loft h e Ne st or i a n s,a n doft h e C h r i st i a n sof
S t
. Th oma son
t h e c oa st of Ma la ba r ,
ofwh omI sh a llh a ve t osp e a kh e r e a ft e r .
Th i sst or yi sr e p e a t e di n a n ot h e r
Gosp e l,c a lle dt h e Gosp e lofS t
. Th oma s,wh i c h i si n Gr e e k,a n d,for t h e r e a son swh i c h t h e r e a de r
wi llse e ,wa sp r oba blyt r a n sla t e dfr omS yr i a c ,He br e w,or Ar a bi c
.
Wh e n t h e ma st e r t a ugh t Je sus
t h e wor dAle p h ,(t h e myst i c a lme a n i n gofwh i c h h a sbe e n p r ove dt obe
t h e Tr i n i t y
by C h a r di n ,)
h e p r on oun c e dt h e se c on dle t t e r ,wh i c h i swr i t t e n i n t h e Gr e e kle t t e r s,but i n t h e He br e wla n -
gua ge .
,Mi r e
Mp e t h ,
a ft e r wh i c h i t i ssa i d,t h a t h e e xp la i n e dt oh i sma st e r t h e me a n i n goft h e
p r op h e t s.
He r e we se e t h e myst i c a l
n
Me m,
or 6 00ofI sa i a h ,on lywr i t t e n i n Gr e e kle t t e r s
.
' Ba sn a ge ,Hi st . Je ws,B
. i i i . C h . xxi v. xxv.
3
I r e c omme n dt h e p e r usa loft h e wor ksofPi c ust op e r son sdi sp ose dt ofollowup myi n q ui r i e s
.
BookV. C h a p t e r I I
. S e c t i on 3

1 7 3
Th i swa st h e e xp la n a t i on oft h e myst e r yofI sa i a h ,oft h e p r op h e t s
. I ft h e p e r son t r a n sla t i n gt h i s
wor kfr omt h e He br e wh a dgi ve n t ot h e le t t e r st h e Gr e e kn a me s~4 lp h a ,Be t a ,&c . ,t h e myst e r y
wouldn ot h a ve be e n c on t a i n e di n t h e m
; t h e r e for e h e ga ve t h e mi n t h e He br e w
. Mr . J . Jon e s
sa ys,t h e se Gosp e lswe r e p ubli sh e di n t h e be gi n n i n goft h e se c on dc e n t ur y . Th e ywe r e r e c e i ve d
byt h e Ma n i c ba e a n s,a n dt h e Gn ost i c se c t s,p a r t i c ula r lyt h a t oft h e Ma r c osi a n s(p r oba blyfollowe r s
ofMa r c us) . Th e Gn ost i c se xi st e d,a swi llbe p r ove d,n ot on lybe for e S t . Pa ul,wh owr ot e a ga i n st
t h e m,but a lsobe for e t h e C h r i st i a n e r a
. I
I t wi llbe obje c t e dh e r e ,t h a t i n t h e Mp e t h ,a n di n se ve r a lot h e r i n st a n c e s,t h e Me mor Mui n
i sn ot t h e Me mfi n a l,but t h e c ommon Me mor Mui n ,wh i c h st a n dson lyfor 4 0
. Th e obje c t i on
se e msr e a son a ble ,but I t h i n ka gr e a t n umbe r ofc i r c umst a n c e s,wh i c h I sh a llp r oduc e i n t h e
c our se oft h i swor k,wi llsa t i sfymyr e a de r ,t h a t t h e myst i c a luse oft h e Mfi n a lwa st r a n sfe r r e dt o
t h e c ommon M,i n t h e la n gua ge swh i c h h a dn ot a n Mfi n a l,a n di n wh i c h a n ot h e r le t t e r wa suse d
for t h e n umbe r 6 00. I susp e c t t h a t a r e ga r dfor t h e sa c r e dc h a r a c t e r oft h e Mwa st h e r e a son
wh yt h e Gr e e ks,i n t h e i r la n gua ge ,n e ve r p e r mi t t e da wor dt oe n dwi t h t h e le t t e r M
. Th ust h e
sup e r st i t i on oft h e He br e wsc a use dt h e mt ouse t h e Te t h t ot a n dVa n i vfor 1 5 ,i n st e a doft h e
Jod'i a n dHe r t e ,t h e n a me oft h e i r God . Th i sc a n n ot be a t t r i but e dt oa c ust omwi t h t h e
Gr e e ksofwr i t i n gt h e He br e wBbyMP,be c a use ,h a dn ot t h e myst e r ybe e n a llude dt o,i t would
h a ve be e n wr i t t e n Be t a
. I a mn ot i gn or a n t t h a t t h e Gr e e kswr ot e t h e double BbyMP,a s
n ot i c e dbyGe or gi us2 a n dDr . C la r ke ,i n h i sTr a ve lsi n Gr e e c e
:but I susp e c t i t a r ose fr omt h i s
sa c r e dmyst i c p r a c t i c e ge t t i n gi n t ouse a mon gi gn or a n t ,un i n i t i a t e dp e op le
.
Wh e n t h e c h i e fp r i e st p la c e dh i sh a n dson t h e c a n di da t e for or de r sor for i n i t i a t i on i n t ot h e
p r i e st h ood,h e S a ma c h e dh i m,t h a t i s,h e ma de t h e ma r koft h e c r oss,or ma r ke dt h e c a n di da t e
wi t h t h e n umbe r or si gn of6 00
. 3 Th i sle t t e r i n t h e He br e wme a n s6 0a n d6 00,(t h e t wofa mous
c yc le soft h e I n di a n s,)t h e S a ma c h be i n g,i n fa c t ,n ot h i n gbut t h e Mfi n a l
.
An dJosh ua t h e son ofNun wa sfulloft h e sp i r i t ofWI S DOM
; for Mose s(r n Dsmk)sa ma c h e d
h i m,la yi n gh i sh a n dsup on h i m . De ut . xxxi v
. 9 ,X c i goTovla
.
Th e Me mfi n a l-t h e le t t e r S a ma c h -wa sa dop t e dfor t h e 6 00,be c a use t h e c yc le sof6 0a n d6 00
a r e ,i n r e a li t y,t h e sa me ,or on e a p a r t oft h e ot h e r :t h e ywoulde q ua llyse r ve t h e p ur p ose soft h e
c a le n da r . I ft h e yr e c kon e dbyt h e Ne r os,t h e r e we r e 1 0Ne r ose si n 6 000
; i ft h e r e c kon i n gwa sma de
by6 0,t h e r e we r e 1 00t i me st h a t n umbe r i n 6 000ye a r s
. Th i swe sh a llun de r st a n dbe t t e r p r e se n t ly
.
Th i se xp la n a t i on oft h e S a ma c h c omp le t e swh a t I h a ve sa i dr e sp e c t i n gt h e X be i n gt h e ma r kfor
6 00,i n myC e lt i c Dr ui ds,C h . i v . S e c t . i x .
I n t h e C op t i c la n gua ge t h e r e i sa ve r yp e c uli a r use oft h e le t t e r M
. Pt olome osi st h e r e wr i t t e n
Mp t olome os :on wh i c h Dr . Youn gsa ys,"Th e p r e fi xMoft h e C op t s,wh i c h C ANNOTBETRANS -
"LATED,i sfr e q ue n t lyfoun di n t h e i n sc r i p t i on ,wi t h t h e sa me i n di ffe r e n c e a st ot h e se n se
. "4 Th us
i n t h e q uot a t i on a bove ,fr omt h e Gosp e loft h e I n fa n c y,i t i sn ot wr i t t e n Be t h or Pe t h ,but M-Pe t h
.
Th e Mi sn ot h i n gbut a sa c r e dMon ogr a mp r e fi xe d,a n dme a n i n gp r e c i se lyt h e sa me ,a st h e +or
X
.. ,wh i c h i sfoun doft e n p r e fi xe dt owor dsa n dse n t e n c e si n t h e wr i t i n gsoft h e da r ka ge s
. I t i s
t h e S a ma c h .
But Mi st h e si gn oft h e p a ssi ve a swe lla soft h e a c t i ve p r i n c i p le ,t h a t i s,oft h e Ma i a . Th usi t
i st h e symbolofbot h
; t h a t i s,
. oft h e Br a bme -Ma i a
; a n dt h i si st h e r e a son wh ywe fi n dt h i st h e
Mon ogr a moft h e Vi r gi n up on t h e p e de st a loft h e Godde ssMult i ma mmi a ,a n doft h e Vi r gi n Ma r y,
wi t h t h e Ba mbi n o,or bla c kC h r i st ,i n h e r a r ms,a sma ybe se e n i n ma n yp la c e si n I t a ly
.
I Jon e son C a n on ,Vol
. I . p p . 3 9 6 ,4 3 3
; Vol
. I I . p . 2 3 2 .

'Alp
. Ti b. S e c t . vi .
'S e e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,C h
. i v . S e c t . i x .
4 Mus
. C r i t . C a mb. No . VI . p . 1 7 2
; Rud
. ofa Di e t
. ofHi e r oglyp h
. Pr e f.
1 7 4

Exp la n a t i on oft h e Or i e n t a lAst r on omi c a lS yst e ms

Th e He br e wsa n dt h e Ar a bi a n sh a dt h e sa me syst e mof2 8 le t t e r sfor a r i t h me t i c a lfi gur e s ; but ,
i n or de r t op la c e t h i s
Me m or Mui n i n t h e c e n t r e ,t h e for me r dr op p e don e le t t e r
. Th uswe h a ve
t h i sc e n t r a lle t t e r on t h e fi gur e soft h e Vi r gi n ,t h e fe ma le ge n e r a t i ve p owe r
; t h e a llusi on i sp la i n
e n ough
.
Th e Momp h t a ofEgyp t ,n a me dbyPlut a r c h ,a dmi t t e dbyKi r c h e r t obe t h e p a ssi ve p r i n c i p le of
n a t ur e ,i se vi de n t lyn ot h i n gbut t h e Om-t h a or Om-t h a s,wi t h t h e Me mfi n a l,t h e si gn of6 00,
p r e fi xe d
. Th e sun wa st h e e mble moft h e a c t i ve p r i n c i p le ,t h e moon oft h e p a ssi ve p r i n c i p le .
He n c e sh e wa sge n e r a llyfe ma le ,oft e n c a lle d
I si s, t owh i c h sh e wa sde di c a t e d,a n dMa gn a
Ma t e r . '
Th e r e c ur r e n c e oft h e wor dOm,i n t h e n a me sofp la c e si n Egyp t ,a n di n S yr i a ,
2 a bout Moun t
S i n a i ,i sve r yr e ma r ka ble ,a n dr a i se sst r on ggr oun dfor susp i c i on t h a t i t h a sa r e la t i on t ot h e Om
ofI n di a
. We must r e me mbe r t h a t t h i sOmi st h e Ame n or sa c r e dmyst i c a lwor doft h e Bi ble ,of
t h e la wgi ve n on S i n a i . 3
I t i sa lsot h e wor dOme n -goodor ba d-wh i c h me a n sp r op h e c y.
4
. Be for e I p r oc e e dt ot h e followi n gc a lc ula t i on ,I must be gt oobse r ve ,t h a t wh e t h e r t h e e q ui n oxe s
p r e c e de da ft e r t h e r a t e of 7 2
ye a r st oa de gr e e ,or some t h i n gmor e or le ss,wa sa subje c t ofgr e a t
de ba t e a mon gt h e a n c i e n t ,a si t h a sbe e n a mon gmode r n ,a st r on ome r s
. But t h e r a t e of 7 2 h a s
be e n fi n a llyde t e r mi n e dt obe suffi c i e n t lyn e a r for c ommon myt h ologi c a lp ur p ose s,t h ough n ot c or -
r e c t lyt r ue
. I must a lsofur t h e r p r e mi se t h a t our r e c e i ve dc h r on ology,t h a t i s,Ar c h bi sh op Ush e r 's,
wh i c h fi xe st h e c r e a t i on a t 4 004 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,i sge n e r a llya llowe dt obe i n e r r or 4 ye a r s,
a n dt h a t i t ough t t obe on ly4 000
. Th i swa sdon e i n c omp li a n c e wi t h a se t t le me n t ofi t by
Di on ysi usExi guus,wh ofi xe di t t ot h e e n doft h e 4 7 1 3 t h ye a r oft h e Juli a n p e r i od . Th e REAL
r e a son wh yt h i si sa llowe dt obe t oola t e byour di vi n e si s,t h a t i t ma ke sC h r i st t oh a ve be e n bor n
a ft e r t h e de a t h ofHe r od,wh osough t t oki llh i m
. An dt h e REAL r e a son wh yUsh e r fi xe di t a t
4 004 ,i n st e a dof4 000ye a r s,wa sa wi sh t oa voi dt h e ve r yst r i ki n ga p p e a r a n c e ofjudi c i a la st r ology
c on t a i n e di n t h e la t t e r n umbe r .
Th e r e wa sa r e ma r ka ble e c li p se i n Ma r c h 4 7 1 0oft h e Juli a n p e r i od,
4 a bout t h e t i me ofHe r od's
de a t h ,a n dt h e bi r t h ofC h r i st . Th i si sa si t ough t t obe
. Th e c on jun c t i on oft h e S un a n dMoon
t ookp la c e on t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
. Th i swa se xa c t ly6 00ye a r sa ft e r t h e bi r t h ofC yr us,wh o
wa s t h e Me ssi a h ,t o
use t h e e p i t h e t oft h e OldTe st a me n t ,wh oi mme di a t e lyp r e c e de dJe sus
C h r i st .
Mr . Fr y 5 st a t e s,t h a t t h e ye a r p r e c e di n gt h e ye a r 4 B
. C
. ,wa st h e ye a r oft h e n a t i vi t y
. He
a dds,"We a r r i ve a t B . C
. 4 ,t h e ye a r be for e wh i c h i ssup p ose d,bymost wr i t e r sofe mi n e n c e ,
'
C la r ke 'sTr a ve ls,Vol. I I . p . 3 1 8 .

Q
Vi de Bur c h a r dt 'sTr a ve ls.
3
S ome wi llt h i n kt h i st obe p a r a doxi c a l,a n di fI di dn ot kn owt h a t t h e se c r e t le a r n i n goft h e a n c i e n t swa si n
st r i c t ke e p i n gwi t h i t ,I sh ouldt h i n ksot oo .
But I be gmyr e a de r t or e fe r t ot h e h i st or yoft h e C a ba la byBa sn a ge ,
a n dp r e sumi n gt h a t h e wi llobli ge me i n t h i s,I sh a llp ush t h i sa bst r use sp e c ula t i on a li t t le fa r t h e r . Th e 1 4 t h ,t h e
mi ddle n ume r i c a lle t t e r i n t h e a lp h a be t i sc a lle dMui n
:t h i si se vi de n t lyt h e vi n e , t h e Ma r i t a lt r e e ,sa c r e dt oBa c c h us,
t "i i n , wi t h t h e Mp r e fi xe d . Ma yn ot t h i s G
> n fi n a lbe a mon ogr a mp r e fi xe dt ot h e n a me ,lon ga ft e r i t c a me i n t o
use ?
I t i sfoun di n a llt h e la n gua ge s . Howc a me Ba c c h ust obe t h e Godofwi n e ? (Ba c c h uswa st h e sun i n Ta ur us . )
Di di t a r i se fr omt h e jun c t i on oft h i sMe m,a sa Mon ogr a m or
e mble moft h e sun i n Ta ur us,myst i c a llygi ve n t ot h e
n a me oft h e t r e e ofwi n e ? I kn own ot
. Le t i t be mor e p r oba blya c c oun t e d for ; fi r st t a ki n gi n t oa c c oun t t h e a n c i e n t
myst i c doc t r i n e sa n dp r a c t i c e sr e la t i n gt ofi gur e s . I t wa sfr omt h e myst i c a le mble msc a r r i e don t h e si gn e t soft h e
a n c i e n t st h a t our mode r n c oa t sofa r msa r ose
. Howc a n a n yt h i n gbe mor e r e c on di t e a n dmyst i c a lt h a n t h e fi gur e s
a n dmon ogr a mson t h e a n c i e n t si gn e t s?
An yon e ma yse e a n e xa mp le i n C la r ke 'sTr a ve ls,Vol . I I . p p
. 3 2 0,3 2 6 ,
e d
. 4 t o . I sh a llr e t ur n t ot h e Omor Mi n t h e c our se oft h i swor k
.
4 S e e Asi a t . Re s . Vol. X . p . 4 8 ; C a lme t ,C h r on . ; a n dEn c yc lop . Br i t t . a r t . C h r on . ,p . 7 5 4 .
5 Ep oc h a ofDa n i e l'sPr op h
. p . 5 .
BookV . C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 4

1 7 5
'1
t oh a ve be e n t h e ye a r oft h e h olyn a t i vi t y. "
Th i si st h e sa me a sMa r sh a ma n dHe ve li uswh o
fi xt h e C h r i st i a n se r a ,c a lc ula t i n gfr omt h e He br e w,a t e xa c t ly4 000ye a r sfr omt h e c r e a t i on
.
I n c a lc ula t i n gp e r i ods,a va r i a t i on ofse ve r a lye a r sh a sa r i se n fr oma ve r yn a t ur a lc a use
: on e
a ut h or or t r a n sla t or sp e a ksoft h e t e n t h ye a r ,a n ot h e r use st h e sa me e xp r e ssi on ,a n d,wi t h out
a n y
i lli n t e n t i on ,c a llsi t t e n ye a r s
: t h i s,a ga i n ,i sfollowe dbya n ot h e r ,wh oma ke st h e t e n ye a r si n t o
t h e e le ve n t h ye a r ,a n dt h i sa ga i n i n t ot h e t we lft h . Asi mi la r va r i a t i on i se xh i bi t e di n t h e I n di a n
C a li Yug,wh i c h i sp la c e d3 000,3 001 ,3 002 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
.
Dr
. Ha le sh a sgi ve n ma n yve r ysa t i sfa c t or yr e a son swh yt h e di ffe r e n c e ofon e or t wo,i n c h r o-
n ologi c a lc a lc ula t i on s,c a n n ot be a dmi t t e dt oi mp ugn t h e m,c h i e flyon a c c oun t oft h e di ffe r e n t me -
t h odsofsp e a ki n goft h e sa me n umbe r ,bydi ffe r e n t p e r son s
. I t i sn ot n e c e ssa r yt or e p e a t t h e m . '
I n a ddi t i on t owh a t Dr
. Ha le sh a ssa i d,i t ma y,p e r h a p s,be use fult oobse r ve ,t h a t a di ffe r e n c e
of1 i n c h r on ologi c a lc a lc ula t i on sc a n se ldombe r e a son a blyuse da sa n a r gume n t a ga i n st a n yc on -
c lusi on t owh i c h t h e r e i sn oot h e r obje c t i on ,i n c on se q ue n c e ofa ut h or soft e n n e gle c t i n gt oke e p
di st i n c t t h e
la st a n d fi r st
n umbe r sofse r i e s,wh e n c e i t h a p p e n st h a t on e un i t i sc oun t e d t wi c e ove r .
C olon e lWi lfor dsa ys,
GQ I t i sa lsot obe obse r ve d,t h a t wh e r e we p ut 0a t t h e be gi n n i n gofa
GQ
c h r on ologi c a lli st ,t h e Hi n doosp ut 1 ,a swe use dt odofor me r ly : a n dt h a t ye a r sh ouldbe
"r e je c t e di n c a lc ula t i on s : but t h i sp r e c a ut i on i soft e n n e gle c t e d,e ve n i n Eur op e
. " 2
Th e Hi n dooa st r on omi c a la c c oun t sh a vi n gbe e n foun dt oma ke a gr e a t i mp r e ssi on on t h e p ubli c
mi n d,a n a t t e mp t wa sma de i n t h e si xt h volume oft h e Asi a t i c Re se a r c h e st or e move i t ,bya ge n -
t le ma n ,be for e n ot i c e d,oft h e n a me ofBe n t le y .
Hi se ssa ywa sa t t a c ke di n t h e Edi n bur gh Re vi e w,
t owh i c h h e r e p li e di n t h e e i gh t h volume oft h e a bove -me n t i on e dwor k
.
He st a t e st h a t t h e r e a r e on lyt h r e e Hi n doosyst e msofa st r on omyn owkn own . Th e fi r st i s
c a lle d
Br a h ma C a lp a , t h e se c on d Pa dma C a lp a , t h e t h i r d
Va r a h a C a lp a .
I sh a lln ot t r ouble my
r e a de r wi t h t h e de t a i ls,but me r e lywi t h c e r t a i n r e sult s
. Mr
. Be n t le yst a t e s(p . 2 1 2 )t h e C a li
Yugt oh a ve c omme n c e d3 1 01 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
. I n t h e Br a h ma C a lp a ,(p
. 2 2 5 ,)a Ma h a or
gr e a t Yugor C a lp a c on si st sof2 4 00ye a r s,wh i c h gr e a t Yugwa sdi vi de di n t ofour ot h e r Yugs
;
ofc our se t h e se we r e 6 00ye a r se a c h
. Th e be gi n n i n goft h i s2 4 00wa s3 1 6 4 ye a r sB . C
. ,a n di t
e n de d7 6 4 ye a r sB
. C . He r e ,i n t h e di vi si on i n t ofour ,we h a ve c le a r lyfour a ge sor yugsof6 00
ye a r se a c h . I t h i n kt h e Ne r osc a n n ot be de n i e dh e r e .
I n a fut ur e p a ge I sh a lle xp la i n h owt h i sBr a h ma C a lp a a r ose ,wh i c h i sun kn own t ot h e p r e se n t
Br a h mi n s .
I ffr om3 1 6 4 we t a ke 7 6 4 a n da dda Ne r os6 00,we sh a llh a ve e xa c t lyfi ve Ne r ose sbe t we e n t h e
c omme n c e me n t oft h e syst e ma n dt h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,wh i c h c omme n c e me n t we sh a lla ft e r wa r d
se e must h a ve be e n me a n t ,a c c or di n gt ot h i ssyst e m,for t h e da t e oft h e flood,a n doft h e C a li
Yug. I t h i n kt h e four di vi si on sobvi ouslyp r ove ,t h a t t h e sumof2 4 00ye a r si son lya p a r t
ofa syst e mc on si st i n gofNe r ose s ; a n d,a swe sh a llsoon se e ,oft h e t e n i n c a r n a t i on s,i n r e a li t y
Ne r ose s,sp oke n ofi n t h e fi r st c h a p t e r a n dfour t h se c t i on oft h e p r e se n t bookoft h i swor k .
I n t h e n e xt syst e m,t h e Pa dma C a lp a ,a C a lp a i sc a lle d5 000ye a r s ; but t h e t e r mc a lle d
Br a h ma 'sli fe c on si st sof3 8 7 ,6 00,000ye a r s . Mr . Be n t le ysa ys,(p . 2 2 0,) " Byt h i st a ble i t wi ll
" a p p e a r ,t h a t t h e S a t ya ,or golde n a ge ,a swe ma yc a lli t ,oft h e fi r st syst e m,be ga n on t h e sa me
"
ye a r t h a t t h e t h i r dMa uwa n t a r a oft h e se c on dsyst e mdi d
; t h a t i s,t h e ye a r be for e C h r i st 3 1 6 4
. "
He r e i se vi de n t lyt h e sa me syst e m ; a n dbe i n gt h e sa me ,t h e Ne r osmust be a t t h e bot t om,h ow-
e ve r c a r e fullyh i dde n : I h a ve ,t h e r e for e ,n ooc c a si on t oa dda n yt h i n gmor e a t p r e se n t
.
I n Ush e r 'sC h r on ology,t h e de a t h ofS h e m,wh e n h e wa se xa c t lyt h e a ge ofa Ne r osor 6 00ye a r s
old,t ookp la c e 5 02 ye a r sa ft e r t h e flood : t h i swe sh a llfi n dofc on se q ue n c e . On e oft h e Hi n doo
' C h r on . Vol. 1 . p . 1 2 1 .

2 Asi a t . Re s . Vol . X . p . 1 6 1 .
1 7 6
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d
syst e msma ke st h e C a li Yugbe gi n 3 09 8 ye a r sB . C . , t
a t wh i c h t i me some Br a h mi n sma i n t a i n t h a t
t h e floodh a p p e n e d . Th i ssh e wst h e sa me myt h osa st h a t r e la t i n gt oS h e m
. 9 8 +5 02 =6 00+3 000
=3 6 00-6 00=3 000or 5 Ne r ose s .
Th e t h i r dor Va r a h a C a lp a h a st h e fa mousc yc le of4 ,3 2 0,000,000ye a r sfor i t sdur a t i on
. Th i s
syst e mma ke st h e C a li Yug(Mr . Be n t le ysa ys)be gi n 3 09 8 ye a r sB . C .
s
I n t h e p r e li mi n a r ydi s-
c our se ,(S e c t . 2 6 ,p . 6 ,)we h a ve sh e wn t h a t a dode c a n c on si st e dof5 da ys,a n d7 2 dode c a n sof
c our se for me da n a t ur a lye a r of3 6 0da ys :
3 6 0sola r di ur n a lr e volut i on sfor me da n a t ur a lye a r
.
Th e S un ,or r a t h e r t h a t h i gh e r p r i n c i p le ofwh i c h t h e S un wa st h e e mble mor t h e S h e ki n a h ,wa s
c on si de r e dt obe i n c a r n a t e de ve r ysi xh un dr e dye a r s
. Wh i lst t h e sun wa si n Ta ur us,t h e di ffe r e n t
i n c a r n a t i on s,un de r wh a t e ve r n a me st h e ymi gh t go,we r e a llc on si de r e dbut a si n c a r n a t i on sof
Buddh a or Ta ur us .
Wh e n h e got i n t oAr i e s,t h e ywe r e i n li ke ma n n e r c on si de r e dbut a si n c a r n a -
t i on sofC r i st n a or Ar i e s . An de ve n Buddh a a n dC r i st n a ,a sI h a ve be for e st a t e d,we r e or i gi n a lly
c on si de r e dt h e sa me ,a n dh a da t h ousa n dn a me s i n c ommon ,
c on st a n t lyr e p e a t e di n t h e i r li t a n i e s-
a st r i ki n gp r oofofi de n t i t yofor i gi n . Oft h e se Zodi a c a ldi vi si on s,t h e Hi n doosfor me da n ot h e r
p e r i od,wh i c h c on si st e doft e n a ge sor C a lp a sor Yugs,wh i c h t h e yc on si de r e dt h e dur a t i on oft h e
wor ld : a t t h e e n dofwh i c h ,a ge n e r a lr e n ova t i on ofa llt h i n gswouldt a ke p la c e
. Th e ya lsor e c k-
on e dt e n Ne r ose st ofor ma p e r i od,e a c h oft h e mke e p i n ga c e r t a i n r e la t i ve loc a t i on t ot h e ot h e r ,
a n dt oge t h e r t ofor ma c yc le .
5 . Toe ffe c t t h i s,t h e ydouble t h e p r e c e ssi on a lp e r i odfor on e si gn ,vi z
. 2 1 6 0ye a r s,t h usma ki n g
4 3 2 0,wh i c h wa sa t e n t h of4 3 ,2 00,a ye a r oft h e sun ,a n a logoust ot h e 3 6 0n a t ur a lda ys,a n dp r o-
duc e di n t h e sa me ma n n e r ,bymult i p lyi n gt h e da yof6 00byt h e dode c a n s7 2 =4 3 ,2 00
. Th e y
t h e n for me da n ot h e r gr e a t ye a r of
4 3 2 ,000,
bya ga i n mult i p lyi n gi t by
1 0, wh i c h t h e yc a lle da C a li
Yug,wh i c h wa sme a sur a ble bot h byt h e n umbe r 2 1 6 0,
t h e ye a r st h e e q ui n oxp r e c e de di n a si gn ,
a n dbyt h e n umbe r 6 00. Th e yt h e n h a dt h e followi n gsc h e me
Th e se we r e a lle q ui mult i p le soft h e C yc le oft h e Ne r os6 00,a n dof
2 1 6 0, t h e t we lft h p a r t oft h e
e q ui n oc t i a lp r e c e ssi on a lc yc le : a n di n a llfor me dt e n a ge sof
4 3 2 ,000 ye a r se a c h .
Th i si sa most i mp or t a n t C yc le ,a n dI t h i n kwe sh a llh e r e se e t h e r e a son for t h e for ma t i on of
suc h ve r ylon gp e r i odsbyt h e Hi n doos
. Th e Ne r osor c yc le of6 00wa sor i gi n a llyi n ve n t e dt o
e n a ble t h e mt or e gula t e t h e ve r n a la n da ut umn a lPh a lli c fe st i va ls
. Aft e r some t i me t h e ydi sc o-
ve r e dt h a t t h e i r c yc le of6 00n olon ge r a n swe r e d,but t h a t t h e i r fe st i va lsr e t ur n e da t a wr on gp e -
Asi a t . Asi a t . Re s. Vol . VI I I . p . 2 3 7 .

2
I bi d .
a
I t i s
c ur i oust oobse r ve t h a t t h e se S a n sc r i t n a me sa r e n ot h i n gbut La t i n ,e xc e p t t h e fi r st
: but t h i s wi ll n ot sur p r i se a
p e r son wh oh a sr e a dC h . I I . S e c t . X X V
. ofTh e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,
wh e r e t h e c lose a ffi n i t y
of t h e La t i n a n dS a n sc r i t
i s sh e wn .
Th e fi r st
C a li i s
a myst i c a lwor d,a li t t le c or r up t e dbyi t st r a n sla t i on fr omS a n sc r i t i n t oEn gli sh ,or by
i t s t r a n sla t i on
fr oma p r i me va lla n gua ge
. I t ma ybe t h e C h a lde e wor dc omp ose d
of
t h e le t t e r sb5 p klo. Th i swor d
I h a ve sh e wn ,
i n t h e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,fr omGe n e r a lVa lla n c e y,me a n t 1 k=5 00S 1 =3 0
. vo=7 0,t ot a l 6 00.
I t ma ya lsobe t h e sa me a s
t h e Gr e e kwor d Ka xos, a n dme a n
be n i gn a n t ,be a ut i ful,
t h e sa me a sMun dusa n d xoa -p a
; -Be a ut y a r i si n gfr omor de r ;
p e c uli a r lya p p r op r i a t e t ot h e c yc le
of t h e Ne r os
of6 00 .
Th e Yugme a n sa ge ,a n dr e a lly looks,
a sbe for e i n t i ma t e d,
ve r yli ke our wor d a ge ;
i n fa c t ,i t i s
n ot h i n gbut our wor d . On e i sa c or r up t i on
of t h e ot h e r ,but wh i c h
i s t h e
c or r up t i on I
don ot sa y. Kloi s
foun di n t h e Gr e e ki n t h e wor d
Kuxxos, c i r c le or c yc le ,a n d
He r i c loi s He r c ule s,t h e
sa vi our 6 00,
or t h e S un i n Ar i e s,wh e n t h e C a li be ga n
. But mor e
of t h i sh e r e a ft e r .
AC a li Yug,or 6 00(or a Ne r os,a sI wi llc a lli t ) Age . . . .
4 3 2 ,000
3 ADwa p a r ,or Duo-p a r Age
8 6 4 ,000
ATr e t a ,or t r e s-p a r Age
1 ,2 9 6 ,000
AS a t ya ,or S a t i sAge
1 ,7 2 8 ,000
Alt oge t h e r 1 0a ge s,ma ki n ga Ma h a Yug,or Gr e a t
. Age . . 4 ,3 2 0,000
BookV. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 5

1 7 7
r i od,a st h e e q ui n ox,wh i c h on c e fe llon t h e fi r st ofMa y,n owt ookp la c e on t h e fi r st ofAp r i l . Th i s
le dult i ma t e lyt ot h e di sc ove r y,t h a t t h e e q ui n oxp r e c e de da bout
2 1 6 0
ye a r si n e a c h si gn ,or
2 5 ,9 2 0
ye a r si n t h e 1 2
si gn s ; a n dt h i si n duc e dt h e mt ot r yi ft h e yc ouldn ot for ma c yc le oft h e t wo . On
e xa mi n a t i on ,t h e yfoun dt h a t t h e 6 00wouldn ot c omme n sur a t e t h e 2 1 6 0 ye a r si n a si gn ,or a n y
n umbe r ofsumsof2 1 6 0le sst h a n 1 0,but t h a t i t wouldwi t h t e n ,or ,t h a t i n t e n t i me s 2 1 6 0, or i n
2 1 ,6 00 ye a r s,t h e t woc yc le swoulda gr e e :
ye t t h i sa r t i fi c i a lc yc le wouldn ot be e n ough t oi n c lude
t h e -c yc le of 2 5 ,9 2 0. Th e y,t h e r e for e ,t ookt wooft h e p e r i odsof
2 1 ,6 00, or 4 3 ,2 00 ; a n d,mult i -
p lyi n gbot h byt e n , vi z . 6 00x1 0=6 000, a n d 4 3 ,2 00X 1 0=4 3 2 ,000,
t h e yfoun da p e r i odwi t h wh i c h
t h e
6 00
ye a r p e r i od,a n dt h e
6 000
ye a r p e r i od,wouldt e r mi n a t e a n dfor ma c yc le . Eve r y 4 3 2 ,000
ye a r st h e t h r e e p e r i odswouldc omme n c e a n e w : t h ust h e t h r e e for me da ye a r or c yc le , 7 2 t i me s
6 000 ma ki n g 4 3 2 ,000, a n d7 2 0t i me s 6 00 ma ki n g 4 3 2 ,000.
Aga i n ,t osh e wt h i si n a n ot h e r wa y
: t h e ye a r of 3 6 0 da ys,or t h e c i r c le of 3 6 0 de gr e e s,we h a ve
se e n wa sdi vi de di n t odode c a n sof5 da ys,or de gr e e s,e a c h ; c on se q ue n t lyt h e de gr e e sor da ysi n
a ye a r or c i r c le be i n gmult i p li e dby
7 2 ,
t h a t i s, 7 2 x3 6 0
gi ve s 2 5 ,9 2 0, t h e le n gt h ,oft h e p r e c e s=
si on a lye a r . I n t h e sa me wa yt h e Hi n doosp r oc e e de dwi t h t h e n umbe r
6 00, wh i c h wa st h e n umbe r
c on t a i n e di n a ye a r oft h e sun ; t h e ymult i p li e di t by 7 2 ,
a n di t ga ve t h e m 4 3 ,2 00 : but a st h e
n umbe r 6 00wi lln ot di vi de e q ua llyi n
2 5 ,9 2 0, a n dt h e ywa n t e da ye a r or p e r i odwh i c h woulddo
so,t h e yt ookt e n si gn soft h e Zodi a c ,or 1 0t i me s 2 1 6 0,
t h e p r e c e ssi on a lye a r si n a si gn ,wh i c h
ma de 2 1 ,6 00, t h usma ki n gt h e i r Ne r osye a r t e n p e r i ods,t oa n swe r t ot e n si gn s
; t h e n mult i p lyi n g
t h e 4 3 ,2 00 by1 0t h e y . got 4 3 2 ,000 :
t h us,a lso,t h e ygot t woye a r sor p e r i odsc omme n sur a t e wi t h
e a c h ot h e r ,a n dwh i c h for me da c yc le ,vi z . 2 1 ,6 00 a n d 4 3 2 ,000,
e a c h di vi si ble -t h e for me r by6 00,
a n dt h e la t t e r by 2 1 ,6 00.
Ast h e la t t e r ga ve a q uot i e n t of2 0,i n 2 0
p e r i odsof
2 1 ,6 00 ye a r s,or
4 3 2 ,000
ye a r s,t h e ywouldh a ve a c yc le wh i c h wouldc oi n c i de wi t h t h e Ne r os
; a n dwh i c h i st h e
le a st n umbe r oft h e si gn soft h e Zodi a c ,vi z
. 1 0,wh i c h wouldt h usfor ma c yc le wi t h t h e Ne r os .
Th usa ye a r oft h e C loor C li or C a li Yug,or a ge ,or 6 00,i s 4 3 2 ,000
Th e n a ye a r oft h e double Ne r os,or 1 2 00,
wi llbe
8 6 4 ,000
Ofa t r i p le di t t o

1 ,2 9 6 ,000
An dofa q ua dr up le 1 ,7 2 8 ,000
An dofa ye a r for me doft h e t e n a ge sor Ne r ose sa lt oge t h e r ,or oft h e 6 000ye a r s,
4 ,3 2 0,000
An dt h i slon gp e r i odt h e yp r oba blysup p ose dwouldi n c lude a llt h e c yc li c a lmot i on soft h e S un
a n dMoon ,a n d,p e r h a p s,oft h e Pla n e t s
. Wh e t h e r t h i swa st h e r e sult ofobse r va t i on ssome wi ll
h e si t a t e t oa dmi t
. Pe r son sofn a r r owmi n dswi llbe a st on i sh e da t suc h mon st r ousc yc le s
; but i t
i sve r yc e r t a i n t h a t n op e r i odc ouldp r op e r lybe c a lle dt h e gr e a t ye a r
un le ssi t e mbr a c e di n i t sc i r c le
e ve r yp e r i odi c a lmove me n t or a p p a r e n t a be r r a t i on
. But t h e i r vulga r won de r wi llp e r h a p sc e a se
wh e n t h e ya r e t oldt h a t Mon s . La Pla c e h a sp r ove d,t h a t i ft h e p e r i odi c a la be r r a t i on soft h e Moon be
c or r e c t lyc a lc ula t e d,t h e gr e a t ye a r must be e xt e n de dt oa gr e a t e r le n gt h e ve n t h a n t h e 4 ,3 2 0,000
ye a r soft h e Ma h a Yugoft h e Hi n doos
. An dc e r t a i n lyn op e r i odc a n be c a lle da ye a r ofour
p la n e t a r ysyst e m,wh i c h doe sn ot t a ke i n a llt h e p e r i odi c a lmot i on soft h e p la n e t a r ybodi e s .
Assoon a st h e se a n c i e n t a st r on ome r sh a dfoun dt h a t t h e e q ui n oxe sba dt h e mot i on i n a n t e c e de n t i a ,
or p r e c e de d,t h e ywould,ofc our se ,e n de a vour t odi sc ove r t h e r a t e oft h e p r e c e ssi on i n a gi ve n t i me .
I t i se vi de n t t h a t t h i swouldbe a wor kofve r ygr e a t di ffi c ult y . Th e q ua n t i t yofp r e c e ssi on i n on e
ye a r wa ssosma ll,t h a t t h e ymust h a ve be e n obli ge dt oh a ve r e c our se t oobse r va t i on si n lon g
p e r i ods,a n di t i sn ot ve r y sur p r i si n gt h a t t h e ysh oulda t fi r st h a ve be e n gui de d,i n p a r t ,byt h e or y .
Th e or de r lya r r a n ge me n t ofn a t ur e a p p e a r e dsost r i ki n gt ot h e Gr e e ks,a st oi n duc e t h e mt h ust o
a c c oun t for t h e Pla n e t sbe i n gc a lle d Di sp ose r s, t h e a p p e lla t i on (a swe le a r n fr omHe r odot us)fi r st
1 7 8
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d
gi ve n t ot h e Gods,-t h e bow smi mofGe n e si s
. Fr omobse r va t i on st a ke n dur i n gt h e p r e c e ssi on
t h r ough se ve r a lde gr e e s,t h e Hi n dooswe r e fi r st i n duc e dt osup p ose t h a t t h e p r e c e ssi on t ookp la c e
a ft e r t h e r a t e of6 0ye a r si n a de gr e e ,or 1 8 00
i n a z odi a c a lsi gn ,a n dof 2 1 ,6 00
i n a r e volut i on oft h e
wh ole c i r c le . An dS i r W
. Jon e si n for msus,fr oma n e xa mi n a t i on oft h e i r p e r i ods,t h a t t h i swa st h e
r a t e a t wh i c h t h e yr e c kon e d . But t h e ya ft e r wa r dsdi sc ove r e d,a st h e yt h ough t ,t h a t t h i swa sn ot
t r ue ,a n dt h a t t h e p r e c e ssi on wa sa t t h e r a t e ofa de gr e e i n 6 0ye a r sa n da fr a c t i on ofa ye a r
; a n d
t h a t t h ust h e p r e c e ssi on for a si gn wa si n 1 8 2 4 ye a r s,a n dfor t h e c i r c le i n
2 1 ,8 8 8 ye a r s . Dur i n gt h e
t i me t h i swa sgoi n gon ,t h e ydi sc ove r e d,a st h e yt h ough t ,t h e S oli -Lun a r p e r i odof 6 08
ye a r s,a n d
t h e ye n de a vour e dt oma ke t h e t woc yc le sgot oge t h e r
. For t h i sp ur p ose t h e yt ookt h e p e r i odsi n a
z odi a c a lc i r c le ,vi z . 1 2 x1 8 2 4 =2 1 ,8 8 8 , a n dt h e yfoun dt h e t woc yc le sof
6 08 a n d 2 1 ,8 8 8 would
a gr e e a n dfor ma n e won e ,a t t h e e n dofwh i c h bot h c yc le swouldt e r mi n a t e ,a n dbe gi n a n e w
.
He n c e c a me t obe for me dt h e sa c r e d
6 08 .
But bot h oft h e mwe r e e r r on e ous .
Amon gt h e a n c i e n t Roma n swe fi n da st or yof1 2 vult ur e sa n d1 2 a ge s,t h e me a n i n gofwh i c h
wa sc e r t a i n lyun kn own
; for t h e 1 2 a ge sof 1 2 0 ye a r se a c h wi llbyn ome a n sa c c oun t for a llt h e
p a r t i c ula r soft h e h i st or y
. But we fi n da mon gt h e ma lsot h e sa c r e dp e r i odof
6 08 ye a r s . Th i s
a r ose fr omt h e followi n gc a use : t h e yc a me fr omt h e Ea st be for e t h e sup p osi t i on t h a t t h e p r e c e ssi on
t ookp la c e a de gr e e i n a bout 6 0ye a r s,a n d1 8 2 4 ye a r si n a si gn h a dbe e n di sc ove r e dt obe e r r on e ous
;
a n da st h e ysup p ose dt h e Ne r osma de a c or r e c t c yc le i n 6 08
ye a r s,a n dbe li e ve dt h e p r e c e ssi on a lc yc le
t obe c omp le t e di n 2 1 ,8 8 8 ye a r s,t h e yofc our se ma de t h e i r a ge si n t o1 2 . Asbot h n umbe r swe r e
e r r on e ous,t h e ywouldn ot lon ga n swe r t h e i r i n t e n de dp ur p ose ,a n dt h e i r me a n i n gwa ssoon lost ,
t h ough t h e sa c r e dp e r i odsoft we lve a ge sa n dof 6 08 r e ma i n e d .
Th e e q ui n oxe swe r e be li e ve dbyHi p p a r c h usa n dPt ole myt oh a ve p r e c e de da ft e r t h e r a t e ofa
de gr e e i n 1 00ye a r s,a n doft h e c i r c le i n
3 6 ,000 ye a r s,t h us :I de g. :1 00yr s
. : : 3 6 0 de g . : 3 6 000
yr s . ,a n dt h a t t h e n t h e Aa oxa r a sa a t c
or r e st i t ut i on or r e ge n e r a t i on ofa llt h i n gswouldt a ke p la c e
.
Th i s,I t h i n k,wa sn ot h i n gbut a r e mn a n t of,p r oba bly,t h e most a n c i e n t oft h e I n di a n myt h ose s,
wh e n t h e p r e c e ssi on a lye a r si n e a c h si gn oft h e Zodi a c we r e sup p ose dt obe 3 000 i n n umbe r ,a n d
c on se q ue n t ly 3 6 ,000 i n t h e c i r c le ,a n d
3 6
se c on dsi n a ye a r . I Th i sdoc t r i n e oft h e Gr e e ksi s
e vi de n t lyn ot h i n gbut a t h e or y,a n dn ot t h e r e sult ofobse r va t i on ; for i t c a n n ot be be li e ve dt h a t
e r r on e ousobse r va t i on ssh ouldh a ve br ough t out t h e se p e c uli a r r oun dn umbe r s
.
S ome t i me a ft e r t h e a r r i va loft h e S un i n Ar i e s,a t t h e Ve r n a le q ui n ox,t h e I n di a n sp r oba bly
di sc ove r e dt h e i r mi st a ke ,i n gi vi n ga bout 6 0ye a r st o a de gr e e ; t h a t t h e yough t t ogi ve 5 0"t oa ye a r ,
a bout 7 2
ye a r st oa de gr e e ,a n da bout 2 1 6 0 ye a r st oa si gn ; a n d,t h a t t h e Lun i -S ola r c yc le ,c a lle d
t h e Ne r os,di dn ot r e q ui r e
6 08 ye a r s,but 6 00 ye a r son ly,t oc omp le t e i t sp e r i od . He n c e a r ose
t h e mor e p e r fe c t Ne r os .
Aft e r some t i me t h e e r r on e ousNe r osof 6 08 wouldbe lost si gh t ofa lt oge t h e r i n t h e c oun t r yof
i t sbi r t h ,a n dwouldbe sup e r se de dbyt h e mor e p e r fe c t ,of 6 00 ye a r s .
He n c e t h e oldon e i son ly
foun d,a si t we r e ,i n sc r a p sa n dde t a c h e dp a r t s,a si n t h e c a lc ula t i on son c h r on ology,wh i c h t h e
r e a de r h a sse e n ,a n di n c e r t a i n ve r se sofMa r t i a n usC a p e lla 's,wh i c h I sh a llp r e se n t lygi ve . But
i t c on t i n ue di n use a mon gt h e i gn or a n t de vot e e si n La t i uma n di n Gr e e c e ,wh okn e wn ot h i n gof
i t sme a n i n g,or oft h e p r ofoun da st r on omyfr omwh i c h i t h a di t sor i gi n
. AsI h a ve just sa i d,I
sup p ose t h e gr e a t Ne r osof 6 08 ye a r sc a me t ot h e We st be for e t h e le ssa n dmor e c or r e c t on e of
6 00wa sdi sc ove r e d,a n d,i n c on se q ue n c e oft h e c ommun i c a t i on be t we e n t h e se di st a n t c oun t r i e s
be i n gi n t e r c e p t e d,t h e gr e a t e r on e r e ma i n e d,a sa sa c r e dn umbe r ,un c or r e c t e d .
Pe r h a p sa ft e r some t i me t h e I n di a n sfoun dt h a t t h e e q ui n oxdi dn ot p r e c e de c or r e c t ly5 0"i n a
ye a r ,or a de gr e e i n 7 2
ye a r s
;
but 5 0"a n da fr a c t i on ,i . e . 5 0"9 "'
-
i n a ye a r ,or a de gr e e i n 7 1
'
C ost a r d, Ast . p . 1 3 1 .
BookV . C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 5

1 7 9
ye a r s,e i gh t or n i n e mon t h s,a n da n e n t i r e si gn i n 2 1 5 2 or 2 1 5 3 ye a r s
. 'Th e y,t h e r e for e ,di vi de d
t h e 4 3 ,2 00by7 1
;
t h i sga ve t h e mt h e n umbe r 6 08 3 7 f
a n dfr omt h i sa r ose t h e sa c r e dn umbe r of
t h e i r Ma n wa n t e r a s7 1
. I t i se vi de n t t h a t t h e e r r or i ssosma lla fr a c t i on ,a st oa moun t i n p r a c t i c a l
e ffe c t t o n ot h i n g
i n t h e se lon gp e r i ods ;
for a s,i n t h e se r e li gi oussyst e ms,t h e yc a lc ula t e di n wh ole
n umbe r s,t h e e r r or di dn ot op e r a t e un le ssi t wa smor e t h a n a fr a c t i on oft h e 7 2 ye a r si n on e
de gr e e .
I t i sn e c e ssa r yt oobse r ve ,t h a t fe woft h e n umbe r sr e sp e c t i n gt h e p r e c e ssi on a r e
a bsolut e ly
c or r e c t
:for i n st a n c e ,t h e n umbe r ofye a r sfor a si gn i s2 1 5 3 ,i n st e a dof2 1 6 0
; t h e di ffe r e n c e a r i se s
fr omfr a c t i on s,a sI h a ve st a t e da bove ,a n di ssosma ll,t h a t i t i sn ot wor t h n ot i c e
. Th e followi n g
obse r va t i on ofM. Voln e y'swi lle xp la i n i t .
"
Edwa r dBa r n a r ddi sc ove r e dfr oma n c i e n t mon ume n t st h a t t h e Egyp t i a n p r i e st sc a lc ula t e d,
a swe do,t h e move me n t ofp r e c e ssi on a t 5 0"9 "'i i n a ye a r
: c on se q ue n t lyt h a t t h e ykn e wi t
"
wi t h a smuc h p r e c i si on a swe doa t t h i sda y
.
"
Ac c or di n gt ot h e se p r i n c i p le s,wh i c h a r e t h ose ofa lla st r on ome r s,we se e t h a t t h e a n n ua l

p r e c e ssi on be i n g5 0"a n da fr a c t i on ofa bout a four t h or a fi ft h ,t h e c on se q ue n c e i s,t h a t a n e n t i r e

"
de gr e e i slost ,or di sp la c e d,i n se ve n t y-on e ye a r s,e i gh t or
, n i n e mon t h s,a n da n e n t i r e si gn i n

2 1 5 2 or 2 1 5 3 ye a r s . " 2
Aga i n Voln e ysa ys, "
I t i s,mor e ove r ,wor t h yofr e ma r k,t h a t t h e Egyp t i a n sn e ve r a dmi t t e dor
r e c ogn i z e d,i n t h e i r c h r on ology,
t h e de luge
oft h e C h a lde a n s,i n t h e se n se i n wh i c h we un de r st a n d
" i t :
a n dt h i s,n odoubt ,be c a use a mon gt h e C h a lde a n st h e mse lve si t wa son lya n a lle gor i c a l

ma n n e r ofr e p r e se n t i n gt h e p r e se n c e ofAq ua r i usi n t h e wi n t e r solst i t i a lp oi n t ,wh i c h p r e se n c e

`~r e a llyt ookp la c e a t t h e e p oc h wh e n t h e ve r n a le q ui n oc t i a lp oi n t wa si n Ta ur us
: t h i sc a r r i e sus
" ba c kt o t h e t h i r t yfi r st (3 1 00) or t h i r t y-se c on d
c e n t ur ybe for e our a e r a ,t h a t i s,p r e c i se lyt ot h e

da t e sla i ddown byt h e I n di a n sa n dJe ws

. " 3
Th e obse r va t i on r e sp e c t i n gt h e Hi n doop e r i odof3 1 00ye a r sbe for e C h r i st i sst r i ki n g
. Wh a t h e
me a n sbyt h e Je ws,I don ot un de r st a n d .
Be si de st h e Ne r osof6 00'ye a r s,a n dt h e gr e a t Ne r osof6 08 ye a r s,wh i c h we r e bot h sa c r e d
n umbe r s,t h e a n c i e n t sh a da lsot woot h e r r e ma r ka ble a n dsa c r e dn umbe r s-6 5 0a n d6 6 6
. S i r
Wi lli a mJon e s,I h a ve be for e obse r ve d,h a sst a t e dt h a t t h e Hi n doosa t a ve r ye a r lyp e r i odmust
h a ve be li e ve d,t h a t t h e p r e c e ssi on a lye a r c on si st e dof2 4 ,000ye a r s
. " Th e yc omp ut e dt h i smot i on

(t h e p r e c e ssi on oft h e e q ui n ox)t obe a t t h e r a t e of5 4 "a ye a r

:
sot h a t t h e i r a n n usma gn us,or

t h e t i me si n wh i c h t h e st a r sc omp le t e a n e n t i r e r e volut i on ,wa s2 4 ,000ye a r s

. "a
I wi lln owt r yt osh e wh owt h e a bove -n a me dsa c r e dn umbe r sa r ose
.
I sup p ose t h a t a t fi r st t h e S oli -lun a r c yc le wa st h ough t t oc on si st of
6 6 6 ye a r s,a n dt h e gr e a t
ye a r ,c a use dbyt h e p r e c e ssi on oft h e e q ui n oxe s,of2 4 ,000ye a r s
. Not h i n gc a n be mor e a wkwa r d
a n di n t r a c t a ble t h a n t h e se n umbe r s
. 6 6 ye a r st oa de gr e e gi ve 2 3 ,7 6 0 t ot h e gr e a t ye a r ,wh i c h a r e
t oofe w
; a n d6 7 ye a r st oa de gr e e gi ve 2 4 ,1 2 0t ot h e gr e a t ye a r ,wh i c h a r e t ooma n yt oc omp le t e
a p e r i odwi t h out fr a c t i on s : t h us, 6 6
x
3 0
x1 2 =2 3 ,7 6 0 ; 6 7 x3 0x 1 2 =2 4 ,1 2 0. Nor wi ll
6 6 6 di vi de
e q ua llyi n 2 4 ,000,for t h e yle a ve a r e ma i n de r of2 4
. Th e Lun i -sola r p e r i odof 6 6 6 ye a r swa sa ba n -
don e dwh e n i t si n c or r e c t n e sswa sp e r c e i ve d
. About t h e sa me t i me i t wa st h ough t t obe di sc ove r e d
t h a t t h e e q ui n oxdi dn ot p r e c e de 2 4 ,000i n t h e gr e a t ye a r ,but
6 5 ye a r si n a de gr e e ,a n d2 3 ,4 00i n
t h e gr e a t ye a r ,t h e S oli -lun a r p e r i odwa st h ough t t obe 6 5 0ye a r s
. Th e se t wop e r i odsa gr e e ve r y
we ll,a n dt oge t h e r for ma c yc le
:3 6 x6 5 0=2 3 ,4 00
. Th e n 6 5 0 be c a me a sa c r e dn umbe r ,a n dwe h a ve
i t r e c or de di n t h e n umbe r oft h e st on e sa t Abur y
. Of. t h i sc yc le M
. Ba sn a ge h a sgi ve n a n a c c oun t .
I
Voln e y,Re s. Vol. I I . p . 4 5 3 .

- Tr a n sl
. ofVoln e yon An e . Hi st or y,Vol . I I . p . 4 5 3 .

3
I bi d . p . 4 5 5 .
4 Tr a n s . Roya lS oc . Edi n . Vol . I I . p . 1 4 1 .
1 8
0
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d
I fwe t ur n t ot h e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,C h
. vi . S e c t . xxi i i . ,we sh a llse e t h e ot h e r sa c r e dn umbe r soft h e
C yc le sofI n di a de sc r i be d
. S i n c e I wr ot e t h a t wor kI h a ve di sc ove r e dt h a t t h e sum-t ot a loft h e
p i lla r sdi sc ove r e dbyDr
. S t uke le y,a n dc on fi r me dbyS i r R
. C . Hoa r e ,a t Abur y,ma de e xa c t lyt h e
sa c r e dS ola r n umbe r 6 5 0
. Th e r e c a n t h e r e for e be li t t le doubt t h a t t h e ya dop t e dt h a t n umbe r of
p i lla r sfor t h e i r t e mp le t or e c or dt h i sC yc le
.
Allt h e se di ffe r e n t Ne r ose sfor mc yc le swi t h t h e t h e n sup p ose dgr e a t p r e c e ssi on a lye a r ,e xc e p t
t h e n umbe r 6 6 6
. Th i sn umbe r ,for t h e r e a son a lr e a dya ssi gn e d,wi lln ot for ma c yc le wi t h 2 4 ,000
.
An di t mi gh t be on a c c oun t oft h i sa wkwa r dn e sst h a t i t be c a me a r e p r oba t e dn umbe r -t h e n umbe r
ofe vi l,ofdi sc or d,oft h e be a st i n t h e Re ve la t i on
. S ome p e r son swi llp r oba blyt h i n kt h e se t h e or i e s
fa n c i ful. I sh ouldc e r t a i n lyt h i n kwi t h t h e m,i f1 di dn ot be a r i n mi n dt h a t a llt h e a n c i e n t myt h ose s
we r e r e p le t e wi t h fa n c i e soft h i ski n d
. Th e i r n on se n se r e sp e c t i n gsa c r e dn umbe r si sp a lp a ble ,but
t h e n umbe r sh a vi n gsa c r e dc h a r a c t e r sa p p li e dt ot h e ma r e n ot fa n c i e s,but h i st or i c a lfa c t s
; a n d,
t h ough t h e se fa n c i e sa r e n on se n si c a li n t h e i r own n a t ur e ,t h e yc e a se t obe sowh e n c on se q ue n c e s
i mp or t a n t t ot h e goodofma n ki n dde p e n dup on t h e m
.
Ge n e r a lVa lla n c e ysa ys,"Th e S a r os,a c c or di n gt oBe r osus,c on si st e dof6 6 6 0da ys
. S yn c e llusa n d
"Abyde n us,'t e llus,t h a t i t wa sa p e r i odof3 6 00ye a r s
; but S ui da s,a n a ut h or c on t e mp or a r ywi t h
S yn c e llus,sa ys,t h e S a r oswa sa p e r i odoflun a r mon t h sa moun t i n gt o1 8 ye a r sa n da h a lf,or
"2 2 2 moon s
. Pli n yme n t i on sa p e r i odof2 2 3 lun a r mon t h s,wh i c h Dr
. Ha lle yt h i n ksi sa fa lse
"r e a di n g,a n dp r op ose st h e a me n dme n t byr e a di n g-2 2 4 mon t h s . S i r I sa a c Ne wt on ma ke st h e
"S a r os1 8 ye a r sa n d6 i n t e r c a la r ymon t h s,wh i c h a gr e e swi t h S ui da s
; but i t i sn ot t h e si mp le
"S a r os,but t h e t e n foldS a r os,t h a t ma ke st h i sn umbe r ,a swi lla p p e a r fr omt h e n ume r i c a lor c e le s-
t i a la lp h a be t
. Th e wor di se vi de n t lyde r i ve dfr om,yt vsor ,r e volut i o,me n sur a
. I n t h e oldI r i sh
"i t i sc a lle dS i or a
. "2 We h a ve se e n h owt h e 6 6 6 a r ose ,a n di n i t smult i p li c a t i on byt e n ,we h a ve
t h e c yc le of6 6 6 0,wh i c h be i n gfoun de don a n e r r on e ousc a lc ula t i on ,wa si t se lfe r r on e ous,but i t
wa sa gr e e a ble t ot h e p r i n c i p le oft h e c yc le of6 000ye a r s,a sI h a ve a lr e a dye xp la i n e d
.
I t i si mp ossi ble t or e a dt h e a bove e xt r a c t wi t h a t t e n t i on a n dn ot t ose e t h a t t h e me a n i n goft h e
c yc le or S a r osof6 6 6 wa sun kn own ,be c a use ,i n or de r t oma ke t h e r e c kon i n gbymon t h sa gr e e ,
t h e ymust use a fr a c t i on ,a n da lso,wi t h out a n yr e a son wh a t e ve r ,a c c or di n gt ot h e i r sc h e me ,mult i -
p lyt h e n umbe r byt e n
. Ge n e r a lVa lla n c e ygi ve st h e followi n gp r oof
Pr oof
Th e I r i sh h a da fe st i va lc a lle dLa S a or a ,a lwa yske p t i n t h e n i gh t
; a n dma n yp e r son sh a ve de -
r i ve dS e r a p i s,fr omS or or S or osAp i s,me a n i n gt h e e n t ombe dAp i s
; S or osbe i n gt h e n a me ofa
st on e c offi n . Allt h i st e n dst osup p or t myi de a ,t h a t t h i sn umbe r oft h e be a st wa son lya n e x-
p lode dor h e r e t i c a lc yc le
. Th e ye a r oft h e Ap oc a lyp se be i n gc a lc ula t e da t on ly3 6 0da ys,I must
ma i n t a i n i sa de c i si ve p r oofofi t se xt r e me a n t i q ui t y
.
i Al
. Polyh i st or .

,Ouse le y,Or i e n t
. C oll . Vol. I I . No . i i i . p . 2 1 4 .
S -t U-3 00
3 6 0
A-y-7 0
1 8
R
. --2 00
6 4 8 0
V-i -6 1 8 06 mon t h s
S -Y-9 0
6 6 6 0
6 6 6 2 2 2
1 0 3 0
6 6 6 0 6 6 6 0
BookV . C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 5

1 8 1
Th e c yc le of1 9 ,a c ommon n umbe r oft h e I r i sh st on e c i r c le s,i sc a lle d,i n t h e I r i sh la n gua ge ,
Ba i se -Bh ui di n . ' I c on fe ssI c a n r e a dt h i sn oot h e r wa yt h a n Bud-ba se or Buddh i st foun da t i on -i t
be i n gt h e foun da t i on ,i n on e se n se ,oft h e fa mousNe r os . Th e t e mp le i n C or n wa ll,c a lle dBi sc a woon ,
sa i dt obe a c or r up t i on ofBa i se -bh ui di n ,c on t a i n si n i t sc i r c le 1 9 st on e s
. Th e me a n i n goft h i sc a n
sc a r c e lybe doubt e d . 2
I t i sc ur i oust oobse r ve h owoft e n t r i fli n gc i r c umst a n c e ske e p oc c ur r i n gt osup p or t t h e c la i mof
t h e Et r usc a n st obe p la c e da mon gt h e most a n c i e n t oft h e n a t i on s . Th e c yc le of6 6 6 i sa n e xa mp le
oft h i ski n d . I t i sfoun dwi t h t h e m,a st h e followi n gp a ssa ge ofNi e buh r p r ove s,but i t sme a n i n g
wa slost .
" I n t h e ye a r ofRome 6 6 6 t h e Ha r usp i c e sa n n oun c e d,t h a t t h e mun da n e da yoft h e
" Et r usc a n n a t i on wa sdr a wi n gt oa c lose . "Th i sc yc le h a sa st r on gt e n de n c yt op r ove ,wh a t n o
on e wh olooksi mp a r t i a llya t t h e a p oc a lyp se ofJoh n ,a n dt h e c on t i n ua lr e c ur r e n c e i n i t oft h e n um-
be r sc on t a i n e d i n t h e a n c i e n t c yc le s,c a n doubt ,t h a t i t i sa n a lle gor i c a lmyt h os,a n dr e la t e sc h i e fly
t ot h e m
; t h ough p e r h a p son lye mble ma t i c a lly.
Th e Et r usc a n c osmogon yi se xa c t lyt h a t ofon e oft h e e a r li e r Br a h mi n syst e ms .
I t sup p ose s
t h a t t h e a ut h or oft h e c r e a t i on e mp loye d1 2 ,000ye a r si n h i swor k . I n t h e fi r st t h ousa n dh e ma de
t h e p la n e t sa n de a r t h ; i n t h e se c on d,t h e fi r ma me n t ; i n t h e t h i r d,t h e se a a n dwa t e r s ; i n t h e
four t h ,t h e sun a n dmoon ,a n da lsot h e st a r s ; i n t h e fi ft h ,li vi n gc r e a t ur e s ; i n t h e si xt h ,ma n :-
t h a t a ft e r t h e ywe r e fi n i sh e di n t h e si xt h ousa n dye a r s,t h e ywe r e t ola st si xt h ousa n dye a r s,t h e n a
n e wwor ldwa st obe gi n ,a n dt h e sa me t h i n gst ogoove r a ga i n . 3
He r e i st h e r e n e wa loft h e C yc le s
ofVi r gi la n dJuve n a l ; but a sma ybe e xp e c t e dofa syst e m,i fi t c a n be c a lle da syst e m,wh i c h h a s
r i p e n e di n t ofor m,a sc i r c umst a n c e sfa vour e d,t h r ough t h ousa n dsofye a r s,t h e le n gt h oft h e p e r i od
i sun kn own ,a subje c t ofsp e c ula t i on va r yi n gi n di ffe r e n t n a t i on sa n ddi ffe r e n t t i me s .
Alt h ough Non n i usi sp e r fe c t lyi n t h e da r kr e sp e c t i n gt h e le n gt h oft h e gr e a t ye a r ,ma ki n gi t t o
be 4 5 6 ye a r slon g,ye t h e a c c i de n t a llyma ke sa c a lc ula t i on ,fr omva r i ousc i r c umst a n c e s,t h a t t h e
Ph oe n i xmust h a ve ma de i t sa p p e a r a n c e i n t h e ye a r 6 08 be for e C h r i st ,wh i c h e vi de n t lyp r oduc e s,
t ot h a t t i me ,on e oft h e Ne r ose s . Th i sI c a n a t t r i but e t on ot h i n gbut t h e fa c t ,t h a t on e oft h e
p e r i odsh a dbe e n di sc ove r e d,t h ough n ot un de r st ood . Th i si st h e be st ki n dofe vi de n c e t oe st a -
bli sh fa c t soft h i sn a t ur e .
Th e I r i sh e xp r e sslyst a t e t h e li fe oft h e Ph e n n or Ph e n n i sc h e t oh a ve la st e d6 00ye a r s . ' I n
Egyp t i a n , Ph e n e h i sc yc lus, p e r i odus,a e vum .
(S c a li ge r . )
Ph c e n i x,Egyp t i i sa st r ologi a e symbolum
.

BOC HART .
Un a e st q ua e r e p a r a t se q ue i p sa r e se mi n a t
Ale s,Assyr i i Ph oe n i c a voc a n t .

OVI D . -'
I fI mi st a ke n ot ,I h a ve p oi n t e dout t h e or i gi n oft h e Hi n dooc yc le s ; a n di t i sp r oba ble ,t h a t t h e
p r i n c i p le wh i c h I h a ve un folde dwi lla c c oun t for t h e va r i oussyst e mswh i c h a r e foun da mon gt h e
le a r n e di n di ffe r e n t p a r t sofI n di a .
On e syst e mfoun de don on e se r i e sofobse r va t i on swouldbe
a dop t e dbyt h e se c t ofon e n a t i on oft h a t wi de ly-e xt e n de dc oun t r y,a n da n ot h e r ofa n ot h e r
.
An d
t h ush a ve a r i se n t h e di ffe r e n t syst e mswh i c h we fi n d . Th e fe st i va ls,for ms,a n dc e r e mon i e s,
(ma t t e r soft h e VERYFI RS T i mp or t a n c e t ode vot e e si n a lln a t i on s,)de p e n di n gon t h e c yc le s,we
n e e dn ot be sur p r i se dt h a t old,i n c or r e c t syst e mssh ouldh a ve be e n c on t i n ue di n di ffe r e n t p la c e s
.
An da ft e r t h e r e li gi on wa sdi vi de di n t ose c t s,t h e for t un a t e de t e c t or soft h e e a r lymi st a ke s,by
wh i c h t h e ywe r e e n a ble dt oke e p t h e i r own fe st i va lsi n or de r ,wouldp r oba blybe ve r yun wi lli n gt o
' Ouse le y,Or i e n t . C oll . Vol. I I . No . i i i . p . 2 1 3
.

Va l .
C oll . Hi b . Vol. VI . p . 3 8 3 . Vi de c h . i i . S e c t
.
i . of t h i s bookfor C a ssi n i 'sop i n i on on t h e Me t on i c C yc le
.

Un i ve r sa lHi st . Vol
. I . C osmogp . 6 4 . 4 Va lla n c e y, Vol . VI . p . 3 7 9 . 5 Me t a m . xv. 3 9 2 .
1 8
2
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d . Mr . Be n t le y . Be r osus
c ommun i c a t e i n for ma t i on oft h i ski n d,t ot h ose wh owe r e c on si de r e dbyt h e ma sh e r e t i c s
. Aga i n ,
i t i sn ot a t a llun li ke ly,t h a t t h e c or r e c t i on offe st i va lssh ouldh a ve a c t ua llyc r e a t e dse c t sTh e se
a r e ,I t h i n k,some oft h e c h i e fr e a son swh yt h e se syst e mswe r e c on c e a le d,a n dc on fi n e dwi t h so
muc h c a r e t oa ve r yfe wp e r son s,a n dwh yt h e kn owle dge oft h e p r i n c i p le swa sfor got t e n ,wh i le
t h e for mula e we r e c on t i n ue di n use .
I c on si de r t h a t t h e Hi n door e li gi on wa sn ot t h e p r oduc e ofp r e me di t a t i on ,but li ke most ot h e r s
ofc i r c umst a n c e ,ofa c c i de n t -a n dt h a t i t ke p t p a c e ,i n some me a sur e ,wi t h t h e gr a dua la p p r oxi -
ma t i on oft h e i r a st r on omyt op e r fe c t i on . An dI t h i n ki t i sp r e t t yc le a r t h a t i t must h a ve be e n
fullye st a bli sh e dsome t i me a bout t h e ye a r 3 1 00B . C
. ,a t le a st n ot ve r ylon ga ft e r t h a t da t e . I t
mi gh t ,p e r h a p s,be fi ve or si xh un dr e dye a r sla t e r ,for wh i c h t i me ,ofc our se ,t h e ymust h a ve h a d
r e c our se t oba c k-r e c kon i n g. I t h i n ki t a lsop r oba ble ,t h a t t h i sma y,i n p a r t ,h a ve fur n i sh e d
p la usi ble gr oun dsfor muc h oft h e n on se n se wh i c h h a sbe e n br oa c h e don t h e subje c t ofba c k-r e c k-
on i n gs.
6 . Mr
. Be n t le y,n ot wi t h st a n di n gh e h a swr i t t e n somuc h a ga i n st t h e a n t i q ui t yofHi n dooa st r o-
n omy,a dmi t s(p
. 2 1 2 )t h a t t h e C a li Yugbe ga n 3 1 01 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ; t h a t t h e Br a h ma C a lp a
be ga n 3 1 6 4 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ; t h a t on e oft h e four a ge soft h e Pa dma C a lp a be ga n p r e c i se lya t
t h e sa me t i me a st h e Br a h ma C a lp a
; a n dt h a t t h e t h i r dor t h e Va r a h a C a lp a be ga n 3 09 8 ye a r s
be for e C h r i st
. I t i sve r ye vi de n t t h a t a llt h e se syst e msa r e t h e sa me -a n dye t t h e t r i fli n gva r i a -
t i on sh e wst h a t t h e ywe r e n ot c on t r i ve dfor t h e p ur p ose ofde c e i t or fr a ud
:
for ,i ft h e yh a dbe e n ,
t h e ywouldh a ve be e n ma de t oa gr e e
. Th e yr a t h e r se e mt osh e wt h e r e sult ofobse r va t i on sma de
i n de p e n de n t lyofon e a n ot h e r ,fr omsome c ommon sour c e
. I t i sve r ye vi de n t fr omMr . Be n t le y's
a dmi ssi on s,t h a t t h e p r e se n t Br a h mi n s,wh a t e ve r t h e yma yp r e t e n dt o,don ot kn owmuc h r e sp e c t -
i n gt h e i r di ffe r e n t syst e ms ;
a n dt h a t t h e yh a ve t oma ke t h e mout p r e c i se lya st h e ya r e ma de out
byEur op e a n s-i n a c on si de r a ble de gr e e byc on je c t ur e a n dc a lc ula t i on
.
Amon got h e r ma t t e r s,Mr
. Be n t le y,bya lon gt r a i n ofr e a son i n g,un de r t a ke st osh e wt h e C a lp a
of4 3 2 ,000ye a r st oh a ve be e n i n ve n t e da ft e r t h e C h r i st i a n se r a
. Th e followi n gt a ble wi llde mon -
st r a t e h owli t t le h i ski n dofp r oofc a n be de p e n de don ,be c a use i t sh e ws,t h a t t h i sc yc le wa s
kn own lon gbe for e t h a t se r a c omme n c e d .
Th e followi n gi st h e de sc r i p t i on oft h e C h a lde a n ki n gsgi ve n byBe r osus,wh i c h a ga i n p r ove s
t h e syst e mofve r ygr e a t a n t i q ui t y
. I gi ve a lon gwi t h i t t h e syst e mofMose s .
An t e di luvi a n p a t r i a r c h sa c c or di n gt oGe n e si s
.
Na me s .

Age s.

I n Ye a r s.
Ada m
S e t h
En os
C a i n a n
Ma h a la le e l . .
Ja r e d
En oc h
Me t h use la h - .
La me c h . . .
Noa h
. . . . . .
9 3 0

9 1 2
9 05
. . 8 6 2
. 8 9 5
3 6 5
. . . . 9 6 9
7 7 7
9 5 0
C h a lde a n An t e di luvi a n Ki n gsa c c or di n gt oBe r osus .
Na me s .

Age si n S a r e s.

I n Ye a r s.
Alor 1 03 6 ,000
Ala sp a r

3 1 0,8 00
Ame lon 1 3 4 6 ,8 00
Ame n on 1 2 4 3 ,2 00
Ma t a la r . 1 8
Da on . . . . 1 0
Evi dor a c h
. 1 8
Amp h i s . 1 0
Ot i a r t e s

8
X i sut h r us . 1 8

6 4 ,8 00
. . . . . 3 6 ,000
. . 6 4 ,8 00
. . . . . 3 6 ,000
2 8 ,8 00

6 4 ,8 00
1 2 0

4 3 2 ,000
Th i sp r ove st h a t on e ,a n dt h e most i mp or t a n t ,oft h e i mme n se ly-e xt e n de dc yc le soft h e Hi n doos
wa si n e xi st e n c e lon gbe for e t h e C h r i st i a n se r a ,a n dofi t se lfe n t i r e lyove r t ur n sMr
. Be n t le y'sdoc -
t r i n e
. I t a lsor a i se sa ve r yst r on gp r e sump t i on ,t h a t t h e Hi n doosa n dC h a lde a ush a da n i n t i ma t e
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 6

1 8 3
c on n e xi on i n t h e t i me ofBe r osus,for t h e i de n t i t yoft h e se la r ge n umbe r sc a n n ot h a ve be e n t h e
e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t
.
I wi lln owe n de a vour t op oi n t out t h e t r ut h ofmyt h e or yi n a n ot h e r wa y. We wi llt a ke for
gr a n t e dt h e t r ut h oft h e mi lle n a r yp e r i odof6 000ye a r sa sa n a ge -t h e a ge ofi r on
: t h e a ge s
a r e sup p ose dt obe i n t h e p r op or t i on of 4 ,3 , 2 , 1 ,-t h e sa me a st h ose oft h e Gr e c i a n He si od
.
Now,i fwe t a ke t h e la st t obe 6 000a n dc oun t ba c kwa r ds,we sh a llh a ve
4 2 0,000
a swe for me r lymult i p li e dt h e Dode c a n s by 7 2 t oc omp ose a c ommon sola r
ye a r ,a n dwe sh a llh a ve a ye a r ofBr a h ma or oft h e wh ole syst e m 4 ,3 2 0,000
Th e a n on ymousa ut h or oft h e C a mbr i dge Ke yt ot h e Myt h ologyoft h e Hi n doos,e n de a vour st o
p r ove t h i st h e or yofi n c r e a si n gn umbe r st oa p p lyt ot h e p e r i odbe for e t h e de luge of 9 00 ye a r s.
Th us 4 00,3 00,2 00, a n dt h e la st ,or t e n t h ,t obe t h a t n owr un n i n g
. But h e r e h i st h e or yc om-
p le t e lyfa i ls ;
be c a use t h e la st p e r i odi n st e a dofbe i n g,a si t ough t t obe ,on ly1 00ye a r s,h a s
a lr e a dye xt e n de dsi n c e t h e flood,a c c or di n gt oh i sown a c c oun t ,t on e a r 4 000 ye a r s . I ft h e a bove
sc h e me be r i gh t ,i ft h e C a li Yugor t h e la st 6 000 be ga n 3 1 00 ye a r sB . C . ,t h e r e ough t t obe 1 07 0
ye t t or un -a s 3 1 00+1 8 3 0=4 9 3 0+1 07 0=6 000. He r e we se e we h a ve t h e fa mous 6 000 oft h e
Hi n doos,Je ws,Gr e e ks,a n dRoma n s,for on e e xt r e me ,a n dt h e fa mousMa h a -Yugor gr e a t ye a r
for t h e ot h e r -t h e ye a r wh e n a llt h i n gswe r e t or e solve t h e mse lve si n t ot h e De i t y
.
Th ough t h i s
i sa se c on dsyst e m,ye t i t i se vi de n t lyt h e sa me i n p r i n c i p le ,a n dt h e t woa r e i n p e r fe c t a c -
c or da n c e .
Mr
. Be n t le y,i n a r e c e n t wor kp ubli sh e da ft e r h i sde a t h ,st a t e st h a t h e h a sobt a i n e dt h e Ja n a m-
p a t r i ofC r i st n a ,or t h e p osi t i on soft h e p la n e t sa t h i sbi r t h ; t h a t i s,i fI un de r st a n di t r i gh t ly,t h e
a st r ologi c a lc a lc ula t i on ofh i sn a t i vi t y .
Now,I t h i n kt h i st e n dsst r on glyt oc on fi r mwh a t t h e
r e a de r h a sse e n fr omLa Loube r e
C a ssi n i h a ssh e wn t h a t t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,a sfi xe dby
Euse bi us,e xa c t lya gr e e dwi t h a n a st r on omi c a le p oc h oft h e Buddh i st sofS i a m,wh i c h i sa lso
c on n e c t e dwi t h t h e Ne r osor c yc le of6 00,a st h e r e a de r h a sse e n . Ac c or di n gt ot h e Ja n a mp a t r i ,
(t h e ge n ui n e n e ssofwh i c h I sup p ose we must a dmi t ,)a n dt h e Br a h mi n s'a n dMr . Be n t le y'sc a lc u-
la t i on fr omt h e Ja n a mp a t r i ,(p
. 1 1 1 ,)C r i st n a wa sbor n e xa c t lya t t h e e n dof6 00ye a r s(t h e t e r mi -
n a t i on ofa Ne r os)fr omt h e t i me fi xe dbyEuse bi usfor t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st a n dt h e Buddh i st c yc le .
Th ust h e fa c t c ome sout ,t h a t t h e bi r t h -da ysfa lla t t h e be gi n n i n goft h e di ffe r e n t Ne r ose s ; a n d,I
t h i n k,fr oma c on si de r a t i on oft h e wh ole ofwh a t C a ssi n i ,Loub6 r e ,a n dBe n t le ysa y,i t i sc le a r t h a t
t h i sLun i -sola r p e r i odof6 00must be c on si de r e da st h e ye a r ofbot h Buddh a a n dC r i st n a . Mr .
Be n t le ysa ys,(p . 6 1 ,) " Th e 'e p oc h ofBuddh a i sge n e r a llyr e fe r r e dt ot h e ye a r 5 4 0 or 5 4 2 be for e
" C h r i st . " I t i si mp ossi ble n ot t ose e h e r e t h e e p oc h ofC a ssi n i of 5 4 3 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st .
Fr omt h e se c i r c umst a n c e swe ma ye a si lya c c oun t for ma n ydi ffi c ult i e swh i c h h a ve be e n me t wi t h
1 Th e on lydi ffe r e n c e be t we e n t h e a e r a s of C h r i st a n dBuddh a i s,t h a t on e i s c a lc ula t e dfr omt h e bi r t h ,t h e ot h e r fr om
t h e de a t h of t h e p e r son fr omwh omt h e c yc le i sn a me d.
Pr e se n t I r on a ge or C a li a ge
6 ,000 1
Br a ss1 2 ,0002
S i lve r 1 8 ,000 3
Gold2 4 ,0004
Te n p e r i ods6 0,000
Mult i p lyt h i sby
7 2
1 2 0,000
1 8 4
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d . Mr . Be n t le y . Be r osus
i n t h e h i st or i e sofBuddh a a n dC r i st n a ,a n dwh i c h h a ve i n duc e dMr
. Be n t le ya n dot h e r st oi ma gi n e
t h e mofla t e r da t e st h a n t h e ya r e
:
for i t i se vi de n t t h a t ve r yn e a r lyt h e sa me r e la t i ve p osi t i on sof
t h e S un a n dMoon wouldbe r e n e we de ve r yfr e sh c yc le or Lun i -sola r p e r i oda si t r a n i t sc our se .
Th us,li ke t h e Ph c e n i x,t h e ywe r e e t e r n a llyr e n e wi n gt h e mse lve s
.
But t h ough t h e sun a n dmoon wouldh a ve t h e sa me r e la t i ve p osi t i on s,t h e p la n e t swoulddi ffe r i n
e a c h oft h e se c yc le s .
He n c e Mr
. Be n t le ywa si n duc e dt obe li e ve ,t h a t C r i st n a wa sfi r st bor n i n
t h i sla st c yc le
:
wh e r e a sh e wa s,i n fa c t ,bor n i n e a c h offi ve p r e c e di n gon e s . Hi sfi r st bi r t h wa s
a t t h e e gr e ssofNoa h or Me n ufr omt h e a r k,wh i c h t h e Hi n doossa yt ookp la c e wh e n t h e ysup p ose
t h e sun e n t e r e dAr i e sa t t h e ve r n a le q ui n ox,a n dwh i c h t h e yfi xa t
3 1 01
ye a r sbe for e C h r i st .
M
. Loube r e sa yst h a t t h e S i a me se da t e t h e i r c i vi lye a r fr omt h e
de a t h ofS ommon o-C odom,5 4 4
ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
. He ,h owe ve r ,a dds, "
But I a mp e r sua de dt h a t t h i se p oc h a h a sq ui t e a n ot h e r
1 1
foun da t i on ,wh i c h I sh a lla ft e r wa r dse xp la i n
. " (P
. 8 . )
Th i se xp la n a t i on we h a ve a lr e a dyse e n
;
a n di t p r ove st h a t ,t h ough h e un de r st oodt h e a st r on omy,h e wa sn ot a wa r e oft h e myst e r y
. Th i s
e p oc h ,n ot be i n gli ke t h a t ofJe sus,fr omh i sbi r t h or i n c a r n a t i on ,but fr omh i sde a t h ,i t se e mst o
me t h a t we sh a llh a ve a n ot h e r Ne r osor c yc le i fwe a dd 5 6 t ot h e
5 4 4 , t h e ye a r soft h e li fe of
Buddh a .
Th i swe sh a llse e p r e se n t ly .
M. Ba i lli p r ofe sse dt oh a ve di sc ove r e d,byc a lc ula t i on ,t h a t on t h e 1 8 t h ofFe br ua r y,
3 1 02 ye a r s
be for e t h e C h r i st i a n se r a ,t h e r e wa sa ve r yr e ma r ka ble c on jun c t i on oft h e p la n e t sa n da n e c li p se of
t h e moon
. i Th i si st h e mome n t wh e n t h e Br a h mi n ssa yt h e i r C a li Yugbe ga n
.
Fr omt h e e p oc h a sa n dc yc le se xp la i n e d'byMon s
. C a ssi n i we ma yr e a di lyi n fe r t h e mode wh i c h
wa sa dop t e dbyEuse bi usa n dt h e C h r i st i a n fa t h e r si n se t t li n gt h e t i me soft h e fe st i va lsa n doft h e
bi r t h s,&c . ,ofJoh n a n dJe sus .
I t i sa lmost c e r t a i n t h a t t h e ywe r e i n de bt e dt ot h e S ommon oC o-
domi t e sor S a ma n e a n s,n ot i c e dbyC le me n sAle xa n dr i n us,a ssh e wn a bove
. Allt h i sdove t a i ls
p e r fe c t lyi n t ot h e a st r on omi c a lt h e or i e sofMon s . Dup ui s
; i n t owh a t t h e le a r n e dS p a n i a r d,Al-
p h ousot h e Gr e a t ,sa i d,-t h a t t h e a dve n t ur e sofJe susa r e a llde p i c t e di n t h e c on st e lla t i on s
; i n t o
wh a t Ja c obi sr e p or t e dt oh a ve sa i d,t h a t t h e for t un e sofh i sfa mi lywe r e r e a di n t h e st a r s
; a n da lso
i n t owh a t I sa i a h sa i d,t h a t t h e h e a ve n swe r e a book .
Th i swa sr e a llybe li e ve dbysome oft h e C a -
ba li st s,wh odi vi de dt h e st a r si n t o
le t t e r s
. 2
lt a q ue h un c i n modumi n t e lli gi p ot e st ,q uodi n Jose p h i p r e c a t i on e a Ja c obodi c i t ur ; le gi t i n
t a buli sc c e li q ua e c un q ue a c c i de n t vobi se t fi li i sve st r i s,q ui a e t i a mc omp li c a bi t ur q ua si
li be r . 3
I h a ve some t i me se n t e r t a i n e da susp i c i on ,t h a t t h e sp e e c h ofAlp h on soa llude dt ot h e Me ssi a h of
e a c h C yc le ,a n dt h a t t h e Zodi a c sofEsn e a n dDe n de r a a r e oft h e n a t ur e ofp e r p e t ua lc a le n da r s,for
on e oft h e c yc le sof 6 00, or 6 08 ye a r s
.
We must r e c olle c t t h a t t h e li ke n e ssbe t we e n t h e h i st or yofHe r c ule sa n dJe susC h r i st i ssoc lose
t h a t Mr . Pa r kh ur st h a sbe e n obli ge dt oa dmi t ,t h a t He r c ule swa sa t yp e of
wh a t t h e S a vi our wa s
t odoa n dsuffe r . NowM
. Dup ui sh a ssh e wn t h e li fe ofHe r c ule si n t h e sp h e r e i n a ma n n e r wh i c h
a dmi t sn ot ofdi sp ut e
; a n dHe r c ule s,a si t h a sa lsobe e n sh e wn ,i st h e He r i c lo,t h e sa vi our
6 00.
Th e c omme n t a r yon t h e S ur ya S i ddh a n t a sa ys, " Th e a ya n a n sa
(e q ui n oc t i a lp oi n t )move se a st -
wa r d wa r dt h i r t yt i me st we n t y (=
6 00)i n e a c h Ma h a Yug",6 00 . Aga i n , G0 Byt h e t e xt ,t h e a ya n a
"bh a ga n a
(r e volut i on )i sun de r st oodt oc on si st of 6 00bh a ga n a s (p e r i ods)i n a Ma h a Yug ; but
~ 4
some p e r son ssa yt h e me a n i n gi st h i r t y
bh a ga n a s on ly,, 4 a n da c c or di n gly,t h a t t h e r e a r e
3 0,000
'~bh a ga n a s . " Aga i n ,"Th e S a c a lya S a n h i t a st a t e s,t h a t t h e bh a ga n a s (r e volut i on s)oft h e c r a n t i
' Ba i lli 'sAst r on omi c I n di e n n e e t Or i e n t a le , p . 1 1 0, 4 t o . Ed . 1 7 8 7 .

4
S e e Ba sn a ge ,Hi st . Je ws, B. i i i .
3
Or i g.
C omm
. i n Ge n e s. ; Va l. C oll . Hi b . Vol . VI . p . 3 4 5 .

4 Asi a t . Re s . Vol. I I . p . 2 6 7 .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 6

1 8 5
"p a t s (p oi n t
ofi n t e r se c t i on of t h e Ec li p t i c a n dEq ua t or )i n
a Ma h a Yug 1
a r e 6 00e a st wa r d"
(4 ,3 2 0,000
ye a r s) . Aga i n ,"Th e Bh a ga n a s (r e volut i on s)of
t h e a ya n a n sa
(e q ui n oc t i a lp oi n t s) i n

a Ma h a Yug
a r e 6 00(4 ,3 2 0,000), t h e sa ur a 2
ye a r si n t h e sa me p e r i od 4 ,3 2 0,000
:on e bh a ga n a
oft h e a ya n a n sa
t h e r e for e c on t a i n s 7 ,2 00ye a r s. "
He r e t h e Ne r osa n dt h e
or i gi n oft h e fa mous
4 3 2 ,000 a r e ve r yc le a r ,
3 wh e r e i t i ssh e wn
t h a t ,a c c or di n gt ot h e
Hi n doos,t h e e q ui n oxe s h a ve a
li br a t i on .
Th i sLa Pla c e i s
sa i dt oh a ve de mon st r a t e d,
but h e ma ke si t ve r ysma ll,
wh i le t h e ye xt e n d i t
fr omt h e t h i r dde gr e e
ofPi sc e st ot h e t we n t y-se ve n t h
ofAr i e s,a n dfr omt h e
t h i r dofVi r got ot h e
t we n t y-se ve n t h ofLi br a , a n dba c ka ga i n ,i n 7 2 00
ye a r s .
I t i sa dmi t t e dbya llt h e Br a h mi n st h a t t h e i r
C a li Yug,or t h e i r four t h p e r i od
(a t t h e be gi n n i n g
of wh i c h THEYS AY
t h e ve r n a le q ui n oc t i a l
p oi n t wa si n t h e fi r st
de gr e e ofAr i e s)
t ookp la c e or be ga n
3 1 01 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st . 4
Th e be gi n n i n goft h i s
four t h p e r i odi se vi de n t ly
a bout t h e e n doft h e
fi ft h ba c kfr om
t h e se r a ofC h r i st ,wh i c h
i st h e t i me a ssi gn e d
byt h e mt ot h e floodofNoa h
wh e n h e c a me out oft h e
a r k. Th e se fi ve ,
a n dt h e t h r e e
p r e c e di n g,ma ke e i gh t a ge s,or Yugs,or
Ne r ose s,wh i c h we sh a ll
se e we r e kn own byt h e i n i t i a t e di n bot h t h e
Ea st e r n a n dWe st e r n n a t i on s .
But I must st op mya r gume n t
t ogi ve a sp e c i me n oft h e
un c e r t a i n t yofa n c i e n t
c h r on ology.
Th e followi n gst a t e me n t wi llsh e wh owli t t le
de p e n da n c e c a n be p la c e d up on syst e ms of c h r o-
n ology
Bla i r a n dUsh e r st a t e
t h e p e r i odfr omt h e
c r e a t i on t oC h r i st , t obe i n t h e He br e w
Ve r si on oft h e Bi ble

4 004 ye a r s
Th e LX X

5 8 7 2
Th e S a ma r i t a n

4 7 00
Jose p h usst a t e si t t obe
5
4 4 8 3
An dEuse bi us
5 2 00
S i r Wi lli a mDr ummon d,
i n h i st r e a t i se on t h e
Zodi a c sofEsn e a n dDe n de r a ,
gi ve st h e followi n g
n umbe r s
Re c e i ve dt e xt
4 004
S a ma r i t a n t e xt
4 2 4 5
S e p t ua gi n t 2 2 6 2 +3 1 2 8
5 3 9 0
Jose p h us
5 6 8 8
S e de r Ola mS ut h a
3 7 5 1
Ma i mon i de s
Je wi sh Aut h or i t i e s
4 05 8
Ge r som
3 7 5 4
Asi a t i c Je ws
4 1 8 0
S i r Wi lli a mDr ummon d
a dop t st h e LX X
. ,a n d
t h usdi vi de si t -2 2 6 2 ye a r st ot h e de luge ,
a n d
3 1 2 8 fr omt h e de luge t ot h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
.
Th e followi n gn umbe r s a r e t a ke n fr omDr
. Ha le s
' Th e r e a de r wi ll obse r ve t h a t t h e Yug,
or a ge a si t ough t t obe
t r a n sla t e d,
i sof a llle n gt h s-fr om
5 t o 5 000 ye a r s.
Eve r ysyst e m,a n dt h e r e i s a va st n umbe r of
syst e ms,h a si t sown yug.

Doe st h e wor dS a ur a me a n S ur ya ?
3
S e e
Asi a t . Re s.
Vol . I I . p p . 2 6 8 -2 7 0 .

Jon e s'sAsi a t . Re s .
Vol . I I . p
. 3 9 3 .
s
Vi de Wh i st on on OldTe st a me n t , p . 2 1 4
;
p r e fa c e t ot h e 2 1 st
volume ofUn i ve r sa l
Hi st or y
; a lsoC e lt i c Dr ui ds,
p
. 1 4 8 .
Th e a bove i sq ui t e e n ough t osh e wt h e ut t e r h op e le ssn e ssofma ki n gout a syst e mofc h r on ology ;
but i n Ha le s'st r e a t i se on t h i ssubje c t t h e r e ma ybe se e n ,i n a ddi t i on t ot h i s,a li st ofmor e t h a n
1 00syst e ms,e a c h p r ove dbyi t sa ut h or t obe t h e t r ue a n dp e r fe c t syst e m,a n dva r yi n gi n t h e i r
e xt r e me sn ot le sst h a n 3 000ye a r s
. Ea c h a ut h or (a sh e c ome si n or de r ,fi n i sh i n gwi t h Dr .
Ha le s,a sc on fi de n t a st h ose wh oh a ve gon e be for e h i m)suc c e e dsi n n ot h i n gbut i n ove r t h r ow-
i n gt h e doc t r i n e sofh i sp r e de c e ssor s
; but i n t h i sbe h a sn odi ffi c ult y . C a n a n yt h i n gbe
de vi se dwh i c h sh a llr a i se a st r on ge r p r e sump t i on ,t h a t a syst e mofc h r on ologyn e ve r wa st h e
le a di n gobje c t oft h e books
?
Th e wh ole t e n dst osup p or t t h e doc t r i n e of n e a r lya ll t h e le a r n e d
me n ofa n t i q ui t y,
t h a t ,li ke t h e Myt h ologi c a lh i st or i e soft h e Ge n t i le n a t i on s,a se c r e t doc t r i n e wa s
c on c e a le dun de r t h e ga r bofh i st or y
. Th e sa me t h i n gi sse e n i n t h e e a r lyh i st or yofRome ,i n t h e
I li a d,
1
t h e AEn e i d,t h e t r a ge di e sof1 Esc h ylus,&c
. ,&c .
Mr. Fa be r sa ys,
a
Th e r e c a n sc a r c e lybe a doubt ,I t h i n k,t h a t we ough t t oa dop t t h e lon ge r
~sc h e me ofc h r on ology,a si t i sc a lle d,i n p r e fe r e n c e t ot h a t c ur t a i le don e wh i c h a p p e a r si n t h e
" c ommon He br e wPe n t a t e uc h
. I a mmyse lfi n c li n e dt ofollowt h e S e ve n t yi n t h e i r a n t e di luvi a n
~~c h r on ology,a n dt h e S a ma r i t a n Pe n t a t e uc h i n e a r lyp ost di luvi a n c h r on ology
. " 2 Th usbyt a ki n g
a li t t le ofon e a n da li t t le ofa n ot h e r ,
a dli bi t um, a syst e mi se a si lyt obe for me d .
I t ma ybe c on si de r e dc e r t a i n fr omt h e a bove ,t h a t n ode p e n da n c e c a n ,be p la c e don a n ysyst e m
ofC h r on ology,a n d
. t h a t t h e r e i sn oh op e wh a t e ve r ofa sc e r t a i n i n gt h e t r ut h ,un le sssome p e r son
sh a llbe a ble t ode vi se a p la n ofp r oc e e di n gdi ffe r e n t i n p r i n c i p le fr oma n yt h i n gwh i c h h a sh i t h e r t o
be e n a dop t e d
. Th e r e for e I t h i n ki t wi llbe a llowe d,t h a t I a mn ot t obe t i e ddown bya n yoft h e m
a sa ut h or i t y .
' He r odot ussa ys,t h a t wh e n Pa r i sr a n a wa ywi t h He le n ,h e wa sdr i ve n byc on t r a r y
wi n dst oTa r i c h e a ,(p r oba blyt h e
He r a c le umofS t r a bo,)a n dt h a t sh e wa sde t a i n e dbyt h e ki n gof
t h e c oun t r y,a n dgi ve n up t oh e r h usba n d .
He r e we
h a ve a sobe r fa c t st a t e dbyt h e h i st or i a n .
Up on t h i st h e sa c r e dMyt h osmi gh t be foun de d
. Vi de Re n n e lon Ge og
. S ys-
ofHe r . Vol. I I . p . 1 5 5 ; He r od . Eut e r p e ,1 1 3 ,e t se q
. e d . Be la e .
3
Pa g . I dol . Vol. I . p
. 2 3 4 .
1 8 6

S ubje c t C on t i n ue d
. Mr . Be n t le y . Be r osus
Alp h on sus ofC a st i le
Ha le s
6 9 8 4 ye a r s
5 4 1 1
--

. . . .
Me gh a st h e n e s5 3 6 9
Ot h e r I n di a n sa c c or di n gt oGe n t i l . 6 2 04
Ar a b 6 1 7 4
LX X . -Abulfa r a ji 9 5 8 6
Va t i c a n 5 2 7 0
Ale xa n dr i n e
Abyssi n i a n 5 5 08
Russi a n
Jose p h us5 5 5 5
5 4 8 1
5 4 02
4 6 9 8
S a ma r i t a n c omp ut a t i on
S c a li ge r
4 4 2 7
S a ma r i t a n t e xt
4 3 05
He br e wt e xt 4 1 6 1
Ush e r 4 004
He ve li us
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 4 000
Ma r sh a m
BookV. C h a p t e r I I
. S e c t i on 7

1 8 7
Be si de s,i t must be e vi de n t ,on a mome n t 'sc on si de r a t i on ,t h a t i t c a n n ot be e xp e c t e dt h a t I
sh ouldma ke t h e c yc le s,wh i c h I sh a llsh e we xi st e d,a gr e e wi t h a n yoft h e m . I don ot p r e t e n dt o
doi t ,t h ough i t i sp ossi ble t h a t ,i n some i n st a n c e s,I ma y . Myobje c t i sme r e lyt osh e wt h a t t h e
Ne r os di de xi st , a n dwa st h e foun da t i on ofa syst e m,n ot t h a t i t fi t t e dt oa n yoft h e syst e msof
c h r on ology-syst e mswh i c h n ot on lydi sa gr e e wi t h on e a n ot h e r ,but a lmost e ve r y on e ofwh i c h i s
t ot a llyi n c on si st e n t wi t h i t se lf, a sM. Voln e y,i n h i sr e se a r c h e s,h a sc le a r lyp r ove d .
Th e e xt r a or di n a r ye xa gge r a t i on si n n umbe r sofye a r s,a n di n ot h e r ma t t e r s,h a ve be e n n ot i c e d
byt h e Aut h or oft h e C a mbr i dge Ke yt ot h e C h r on ologyoft h e Hi n doos,ofbot h t h e Hi n doosa n d
Je ws,a n dh e e n de a vour st osh e wt h a t t h e ya r e wr i t t e n i n a sp e c i e sofc i p h e r ,a n dh owt h e
for me r ough t t obe r e duc e d . Th e se st a t e me n t s,t a ke n byt h e p r i e st si n a li t e r a lse n se ,h a ve c a use d
ma n yp e r son st odoubt t h e wh ole h i st or y,but t h e yn omor e p r ove t h a t t h e Je wi sh h i st or yi si n t h e
gr e a t le a di n ga r t i c le sfa lse ,t h a n t h e le n gt h e n e dc yc le soft h e I n di a n s,be for e t h e ye a r 3 1 00,p r ove
t h a t t h e yh a dn oh i st or y,or t h a t t h e ydi dn ot e xi st .
7 . 1 wi lln owsh e wt h a t t h e Mosa i c syst e mi se xa c t lyt h e sa me a st h a t oft h e Br a h mi n sa n dt h e
We st e r n n a t i on s ;
I wi llun foldon e p a r t oft h e e sor e t i c r e li gi on
. But fi r st I sh a lla va i lmyse lfof
t h e st a t e me n t ofse ve r a lfa c t soft h e h i gh e st i mp or t a n c e ,wh i c h c a n n ot be di sp ut e d,ma de byC ol
.
Wi lfor di n t h e Asi a t i c Re se a r c h e s
. I
I n c on se q ue n c e ofc e r t a i n p r odi gi e swh i c h we r e r e p or t e dt oh a ve be e n se e n a t Rome ,a bout
t h e ye a r 1 1 9 be for e C h r i st ,t h e sa c r e dC olle ge ofHe t r ur i a wa sc on sult e d,wh i c h de c la r e dt h a t t h e
EI GHTH REVOLUTI ONOFTHEWORLD
wa sn e a r lya t a n e n d,a n dt h a t a n ot h e r ,e i t h e r for t h e be t t e r
or t h e wor se ,wa sa bout t ot a ke p la c e . 2
Juve n a l,wh oli ve di n t h e fi r st c e n t ur y,de c la r e dt h a t h e wa sli vi n gi n t h e
n i n t h r e volut i on ,
3
or
se c ulum. Th i ssh e wst h a t t h e c yc le a bove a llude dt oh a de n de di n Juve n a l'st i me ,a n dt h a t a
n e won e h a dbe gun : a n dt h i sn i n t h r e volut i on c on si st e de vi de n t lyofa r e volut i on ofmor e t h a n
1 00or 1 2 0ye a r s-ofse ve r a lc e n t ur i e sa t le a st .
"Non a Be t a sa gi t ur ,p e jor a q ue swc ula fe r r i t e mp or i bus
:q uor umsc e le r i n on i n ve n i t i p sa Nome n ,
u
e t a n ullop osui t n a t ur a me t a llo
. "On t h i sp a ssa ge I sa a c Vossi ussa ys,Oc t oi lla sa gi t a t e sc r e di t
a p p e lla t a s a c oe li r e gi on i bus,q ua soc t ofa c i e ba n t Pyt h a gor e i
: n on a mve r o,de q ua h i e ,
a t e llur e
de n omi n a t a mop i n a t ur :
i n li be llode S i byle . Or a c . Oxon i a n ,n up e r e di t o,C a p
. v .
Th i sst a t e me n t ofJuve n a l's,wh i c h n oa ut h or h a se ve r ye t p r e t e n de dt oun de r st a n d,wi lln ow
e xp la i n i t se lf,a n di t c omp le t e sa n dp r ove st h e t r ut h ofmywh ole syst e m
. I t i soft h e gr e a t e st
i mp or t a n c e t omyt h e or y,a si t i se vi de n c e ,wh i c h c a n n ot be di sp ut e d,of't h e fa c t on wh i c h t h e
wh ole de p e n ds . Vi r gi lli ve dbe for e C h r i st ,Juve n a la ft e r h i m
. Th i si sq ui t e e n ough for my
p ur p ose ,a swe sh a llsoon se e
.
About si xt yye a r sbe for e C h r i st t h e Roma n e mp i r e h a dbe e n a la r me dbyp r odi gi e s,a n da lsoby
a n c i e n t p r op h e c i e s,a n n oun c i n gt h a t a n e ma n a t i on oft h e De i t ywa sgoi n gt obe bor n a bout t h a t
t i me ,a n dt h a t a r e n ova t i on oft h e wor ldwa st ot a ke p la c e .
Pr e vi oust ot h i s,i n t h e ye a r 6 3 B . C
. ,t h e c i t yh a dbe e n a la r me dbya p r op h e c yofon e Fi gulus,
t h a t a ki n gor ma st e r t ot h e Roma n swa sa bout t obe bor n ,i n c on se q ue n c e ofwh i c h t h e S e n a t e
p a sse da de c r e e ,t h a t n ofa t h e r sh ouldbr i n gup a ma le c h i ldbor n t h a t ye a r :but t h ose a mon gt h e
S e n a t or s,wh ose wi ve swe r e p r e gn a n t ,got t h e de c r e e sup p r e sse d
. 'Th e se p r op h e c i e swe r e
a p p li e dt oAugust us,wh owa sbor n 6 3 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st a c c or di n gt osome p e r son s,but 5 6
a c c or di n gt ose ve r a lwr i t e r si n t h e Ea st ,suc h a st h e a ut h or oft h e Le bt a r i kh a n dot h e r s
. " He n c e
I Vol . X . p . 3 3 .

s
I bi d . ; Plut a r c h
i n S ylla m,p . 4 5 6 .
3 S a t i r e xi i i
. v . 2 8 .

'S e e S up . t oTi t . Li v
. C I I . De c a d . C a p . xxxi x.
1 8 8
Mosa i c S yst e mS a me AsHi n doo
. Va r i ousPr op h e c i e sofS i byls,&c
.
" i t i s,
t h a t Ni c olode C on t i ,wh owa si n Be n ga la n dot h e r p a r t sofI n di a i n t h e fi ft e e n t h c e n t ur y,
" i n si st st h a t Vi c r a ma di t ya wa st h e sa me wi t h August us,a i i dt h a t h i sp e r i odwa sr e c kon e d,fr om
" t h e bi r t h oft h a t Emp e r or ,fi ft y-si xye a r sbe for e C h r i st . "
Now,i t i se vi de n t t h a t t h e se fi ft y-si x
ye a r sbe for e C h r i st br i n gust ot h e a e r a oft h e Buddh a ofS i a m,for t h e be gi n n i n goft h e n e wse r a ,
for e t oldbyt h e C uma e a n S i byl,a sde c la r e dbyt h e
Ma n t ua n or C e lt i c p oe t ,t h e Dr ui dofC i sa lp i n e
Ga ul,i n h i sfour t h e c logue . I
Th i s,i n some oldma n usc r i p t sse e n byPi e r i us,i se n t i t le d
I n t e r p r e -
t a t i oNovi S c e c uli . 2 Th i sEc logue wa se vi de n t ly a
c a r me n S c e c ula r e .
Vi r gi lsa ys,
Th e la st gr e a t a ge ,for e t oldbysa c r e dr h yme s,
Re n e wsi t sfi n i sh e dc our se :
S a t ur n i a n t i me s
Rollr oun da ga i n ,a n d mi gh t yye a r s, be gun
Fr omt h e i r fi r st or b,i n r a di a n t c i r c le sr un .
Th e ba se de ge n e r a t e i r on offsp r i n g, (or t h e C a li yuga ,) e n ds
Agolde n p r oge n y (of t h e C r i t a ,or golde n a ge ) 3 fr omh e a ve n de sc e n ds
Oc h a st e LUC TNA, sp e e dt h e mot h e r 'sp a i n s
An dh a st e t h e glor i ousbi r t h : t h yown Ap ollor e i gn s !
Th e love lyboywi t h h i sa usp i c i ousfa c e !
Th e son sh a llle a dt h e li fe ofGods,a n dbe
ByGodsa n dh e r oe sse e n ,a n dGodsa n dh e r oe sse e .
An ot h e r Typ h i ssh a lln e wse a se xp lor e ,
An ot h e r Ar gola n dt h e c h i e fsup on t h e I be r i a n sh or e
An ot h e r He le n ot h e r wa r sc r e a t e ,
An dgr e a t Ac h i lle sur ge t h e Tr oja n fa t e .
Oofc e le st i a lse e d ! 0fost e r son ofJove
!
S e e ,la bour i n gn a t ur e c a llst h e e t osust a i n
Th e n oddi n gfr a me ofh e a ve n ,a n de a r t h ,a n dma i n
S e e ,t ot h e i r ba se r e st or e d,e a r t h ,se a s,a n da i r .
C ol
. Wi lfor don t h i sp a ssa ge obse r ve s,t h a t t h e se a r e t h e ve r ywor dsofVi sh n ut ot h e e a r t h ,
wh e n c omp la i n i n gt oi t ,a n dbe ggi n gr e dr e ss
.
4
He r e i st h e Br a h mi n p e r i odi c a lr e ge n e r a t i on
c le a r lye xp r e sse d . An dh e r e i sa n a dmi ssi on byVi r gi l,t h a t t h e p oe mofHome r wa sa r e li gi ous
Myt h os . Allt h e se p r op h e c i e s,I a p p r e h e n d,a llude dt ot h e r e n ova t i on oft h e c yc le oft h e Ne r os,
t h e n a bout t ot a ke p la c e i n i t sn i n t h r e volut i on .
I q uot e t h e se ve r se sh e r e me r e lyt osh e wt h a t some gr e a t p e r son a ge wa se xp e c t e d
. Th e
Ult i ma C uma e i ve n i t ja mc a r mi n i s
,
t a s,ofVi r gi l,I sh a lldi sc ussi n a fut ur e p a ge ,a n dsh e wt h a t
i t i si n a c c or da n c e wi t h myt h e or y .
S e ve r a loft h e ot h e r most c e le br a t e dRoma n a ut h or sh a ve n ot i c e dt h e e xp e c t a t i on oft h e a r r i va l
ofsome gr e a t p e r son a ge i n t h e fi r st c e n t ur y,sot h a t t h i sc ouldn ot be a me r e soli t a r y
i n st a n c e of
Vi r gi l'sba se a dula t i on i n t h i si n t e r e st i n gp oe m .
Ta c i t ussa ys,"Th e ge n e r a li t yh a da st r on gp e r sua si on t h a t i t wa sc on t a i n e di n t h e a n c i e n t
"
wr i t i n gsoft h e p r i e st s,t h a t ATTHATVERYTI ME
t h e Ea st sh ouldp r e va i l : a n dt h a t some on e wh o
" sh ouldc ome out ofJude a ,sh ouldobt a i n t h e e mp i r e oft h e wor ld :
wh i c h a mbi gui t i e sfor e t old
"
Ve sp a si a n a n dTi t us.
But t h e c ommon p e op le ,(oft h e Je ws,)a c c or di n gt ot h e usua li n flue n c e
ofh uma n wi sh e s,a p p r op r i a t e dt ot h e mse lve s,byt h e i r i n t e r p r e t a t i on ,t h i sva st gr a n de ur for e t old
'
Th e a e r a soft h e He r oe s,or Me ssi a h s,oft h e c yc le ,(a st h e Bi ble c a llsC yr us,)di dn ot a lwa ysc omme n c e on t h e i r
bi r t h s,e i t h e r i n ve r yoldor mor e mode r n t i me s
. Th usBuddh a 'sse r a ,a bove -me n t i on e d,wa sfr om h i s de a t h ;
Je sus
C h r i st 's i s
four ye a r sa ft e r h i sbi r t h . Moh a me dwa sbor n A
. D . 7 08 ,h i sse r a be gi n s 7 2 5 .
'
Vi de Dup ui s sur t on sle sC ult e s, Vol. I I I . p . 1 5 6 .
3
We ma yobse r ve , a n dr e se r ve for fut ur e c on si de r a t i on , t h a t C ol . Wi lfor dsa ys t h e C a JTA
or Golde n a ge wa sa bout
t or e t ur n . I n h i sobse r va t i on of t h e C a li Yugh e i swr on g
.
4 Asi a t . Re s . Vol. X . p . 3 1 .
I Hi st :C a p . xi i i
.

2
Fr a g . a p udC a lme t ,Di c t . VolI V. p . 6 5
; Ve sp a si a n ,C a p . i v.
3
I be gmyr e a de r t oobse r ve t h e wor ds fa t e s a n d fa t i s,
a n dI t h i n kh e wi llse e t h e or i gi n oft h e un c h a n ge a ble fa t e s,
i . e . t h e t r ue p r op h e t s.
4
6
e
0
BookV. C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on 7

1 8 9
"
byt h e fa t e s,n or c ouldbe br ough t t oc h a n ge t h e i r op i n i on for t h e t r ue ,
by
a llt h e i r a dve r si t i e s .
I
" S ue t on i us 2
sa ys,Th e r e h a dbe e n for a lon gt i me a llove r t h e Ea st a c on st a n t p e r sua si on t h a t i t
" wa s(r e c or de d)i n t h e fa t e s(booksoft h e fa t e s,de c r e e s,or for t e lli n gs),t h a t
ATTHATTI ME
some
" on e wh osh ouldc ome out ofJude a sh ouldobt a i n un i ve r sa ldomi n i on .
I t a p p e a r e dbyt h e e ve n t ,
~~t h a t t h i sp r e di c t i on r e fe r r e dt ot h e Roma n Emp e r or :
but t h e Je wsr e fe r r i n gi t t ot h e mse lve s,
~ r e be lle d . "
Pe r c r e bue r a t or i e n t st ot oc on st a n sop i n i o
e a se i n fa t s,
3
ut e ot e mp or e ,Judse i p r ofe c t i r e r um
p ot i r e n t ur . I dde i mp e r i oRoma n o,q ua n t ump ost e a e ve n t up a t ui t ,p r a e di c t um,Juda e i a dse
h a be n t i s,r e be lla r un t .
Jose p h ussa ys, 4 " Th a t wh i c h c h i e fly
e xc i t e dt h e m(t h e Je ws)t owa r ,wa sa n
a mbi guousp r o-
" p h e c y, wh i c h wa sa lsofoun di n t h e
sa c r e dbooks,t h a t a t t h a t t i me some on e ,
wi t h i n t h e i r c oun t r y,
~0 sh oulda r i se , t h a t sh ouldobt a i n t h e e mp i r e oft h e wh ole wor ld
(wc
xa Ta
TOY
xa t gov
EX Elvov
a fr o
" T7 1 S X 'Pa c , Tr i g a t 'TI AVa p e e r T7 1 vot xe i . e vr lv) .
For t h i st h e yh a dr e c e i ve dbyt r a di t i on ,
(( i c
" ot xe i ove ~e ? a (3 ov,) t h a t i t wa ssp oke n ofon e oft h e i r n a t i on
: a n dma n ywi se me n ,
(6 o
,~
ot ,
or
C h a c h a ms,) we r e de c e i ve dwi t h t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i on
.
But ,i n t r ut h ,Ve sp a si a n 'se mp i r e wa s
~~de si gn e di n t h i sp r op h e c y,wh owa sc r e a t e dEmp e r or (ofRome )i n
Judc e a . "
s
Th e C h a c h a ms
a bove a r e Ha ki ms,fr omt h e He br e wwor d
G] r r
h km, wi sdom.
Th e a c c omp a n yi n gwor d 6 o4 p ot
wouldh a ve p r ove di t ,i fi t r e q ui r e da n yp r oof .
An ot h e r p r op h e c yh a sbe e n n ot i c e dbyPr i de a ux ofon e Juli usMa r a t h us,i n t h e se wor ds
Re ge mp op uloRoma n on a t ur a mp a r t ur i r e
.
7
Amon gt h e Gr e e ks,t h e sa me p r op h e c yi sfoun d
.
Th e Or a c le ofDe lp h i wa st h e de p osi t or y,a c -
c or di n gt oPla t o,ofa n a n c i e n t a n d
S EC RET
p r op h e c yoft h e bi r t h ofa son ofAp ollo,wh owa st o
r e st or e t h e r e i gn ofjust i c e a n dvi r t ue on t h e e a r t h .
8
Th i s,n odoubt ,wa st h e son a llude dt oby
t h e S i byl .
DuHa lde ,i n h i sHi st or yofC h i n a ,i n for msus,t h a t t h e C h i n e se h a da p r op h e c yt h a t a h oly
p e r son wa st oa p p e a r i n t h e We st ,a n di n c on se q ue n c e t h e yse n t t ot h e We st ,wh i c h I t h i n kwould
be Up p e r I n di a ,a n dt h a t t h e ybr ough t t h e n c e t h e wor sh i p p ofFo,(1
. e . Buddh a ,)wh omt h e yc a ll
Fwe ,K-ya u,a n dS h e k-ya . Th i si se vi de n t lyt h e
la w
ofDi odor us,a n dt h e I a u ofGe n e si s,a n d
t h e S a -ki a t h e n a me ofBuddh a . 9
Now,a c c or di n gt omyi de a ,t h e S i bylofVi r gi lwouldh a ve n odi ffi c ult y,a s,fr omh e r ski lli n ju-
di c i a la st r ology,sh e wouldkn owve r ywe llwh e n t h e Ne r oswoulde n d
. I sa i a h mi gh t e a si lyle a r n
t h e sa me (e ve n i fh e we r e n ot i n i t i a t e d,a t h i n gh a r dlyt obe be li e ve d)fr omt h e S i bylofJuda e a ,
1 0
p e r h a p sc a lle d
a Hulda h .
Not h i n gi ssoli ke lya st h a t August ussh ouldp e r mi t h i sfla t t e r e r st o
t e llt h e p op ula c e t h a t h i sa ge e xa c t lysui t e dt ot h e p r op h e c y
.
Fe wp e r son swouldda r e t oc a n va s
t h i sma t t e r t ooc lose ly ;
i t wa sgoodp oli c y,t ost r e n gt h e n h i st i t le t ot h e t h r on e
. But r e sp e c t i n g
h i mI sh a llh a ve muc h t osa yh e r e a ft e r .
Th e Hi n doowor ks,C olon e lWi lfor di n for msus,for e t e ll
t h e c omi n gofC r i st n a ,i n t h e sa me ma n n e r ,a t t h e t i me h e i ssa i dt oh a ve c ome
. Not h i n gi smor e
li ke ly.
Th i sh a sbe e n e r r on e ouslysup p ose dt op r ove t h e msp ur i ous
.
An ya st r on ome r mi gh t t e ll
De Be llo,Li b
. vi i . C a p . xxxi .

5
Ap udC a lme t ,Fr a g. Vol
. I V. p . 6 5 .
C on n e c . P
. i i . B . i x . p . 4 9 3 ,fol.

7
S ue t . i n Oc t . C a p . xc i v .
Pla t oi n Ap olog. S oc r . e t de Re p ub
. Li b . vi . ; A. C la r ke 'sEvi de n c e s
; C h a t fi e ldon t h e Hi n doos,p
. 2 4 5 .
Vi de B . v. C h . i . i i .

1 0
Na me dbyPa usa n i a sa n dMa n
. Vi de Asi a t . Re s . Vol . X
. p . 3 0.
1 9 0
Mosa i c S yst e mS a me AsHi n doo . Va r i ousPr op h e c i e sofS i byls,&c
.
i t ,for i t wa swh a t h a dbe e n t oldfor e ve r yn e wa ge ,be for e i t a r r i ve d,t h a t a gr e a t p e r son a ge would
a p p e a r -i n fa c t t h e p r e si di n gge n i us,C yr us,or Me ssi a h ,oft h e C yc le .
I n a ddi t i on t oa llt h e se p r op h e c i e s,wh i c h a r e i n t h e mse lve ssuffi c i e n t lyst r i ki n g,t h e r e i sye t
a n ot h e r ve r yc e le br a t e don e r e sp e c t i n gZe r a dush t ,wh i c h i sn ot i c e dbyMr . Fa be r
. He ma i n t a i n s,
a n dI t h i n kp r ove s,t h e ge n ui n e n e ssoft h i sfa mousp r op h e c yofZe r a dush t ,wh ode c la r e dt h a t i n
t h e la t t e r da ya vi r gi n sh ouldc on c e i ve a n dbe a r a son ,a n dt h a t a st a r sh oulda p p e a r bla z i n ga t
n oon -da y. "
You,myson s," e xc la i me dt h e se e r , " wi ll p e r c e i ve i t sr i si n gbe for e a n yot h e r n a -
" t i on
. Assoon ,t h e r e for e ,a syoush a llbe h oldt h e st a r ,followi t wh i t h e r soe ve r i t sh a llle a dyou
"
a n da dor e t h a t myst e r i ousc h i ld,offe r i n gh i myour gi ft swi t h p r ofoun dh umi li t y . He i st h e a l-
"
mi gh t yWORD,wh i c h c r e a t e dt h e h e a ve n s
. " 1 Th i sp r op h e c y,Mr . Fa be r obse r ve s,i sfoun da mon g
t h e C e lt sofI r e la n d,a sc r i be dt oa p e r son oft h e n a me ofZe r a dush t , 2
a da r n or Dr ui dofBoc k-
h a r a , 3
t h e r e si de n c e ofZe r a dush t (wh ose mot h e r wa sc a lle dDa gdu,on e oft h e n a me soft h e mot h e r
oft h e Gods)
. He sh e wsbyma n yst r on ga n dde c i si ve p r oofs,t h a t t h i sc a n be n omon ki sh for ge r y
oft h e da r ka ge s .
Amon gst ot h e r a r gume n t sa ga i n st i t sbe i n ga for ge r y,Pr ofe ssor Le e obse r ve s,t h a t t h e ve r y
sa me p r op h e c y,i n t h e sa me wor ds,i sr e p or t e dbyAbulfa r a gi ust oh a ve be e n foun dbyh i mi n t h e
or i e n t a lwr i t i n gsofPe r si a
. Th i sp r op h e c yt h usfoun di n t h e Ea st a n di n I r e la n d,a n di n t h e Vi r -
gi n i p a r i t ur m,ofGa ul,be for e n ot i c e d,p r e vi oust ot h e C h r i st i a n se r a ,i soft h e ve r yfi r st i mp or -
t a n c e .
I t c a n n ot h a ve be e n st ole n fr omt h e C h r i st i a n books,but t h e ymust h a ve be e n c op i e d
fr omi t , i f e i t h e r be a c op y,
(wh i c h ye t ma yn ot be t h e fa c t ,)for t h e ya r e a bsolut e lyt h e sa me
. I t
c a n n ot h a ve be e n c op i e dfr omt h e Je wi sh p r op h e t s,be c a use t h e r e i sn ot h i n gli ke i t ,n ot a wor d
a bout a st a r a t n oon
i n a n yoft h e m
. Th i sp r op h e c yi sa llude dt oi n t h e gosp e loft h e i n fa n c y
"Ec c e 1 ma gi ve n e r un t e xOr i e n t e Hi e r osolyma s,q ue ma dmodump r mdi xe r a t Zor a da sc h t ,e r a n t q ue
"
c umi p si smun e r a ,a ur i um,t h us,e t myr r h a
. " 4
Th e st a r a bove sp oke n of,wa sa lsokn own t ot h e Roma n s
. 4 ` C h a lc i di us,
a h e a t h e n wr i t e r
"
wh oli ve dn ot lon ga ft e r C h r i st ,i n a c omme n t a r yup on t h e Ti mmusofPla t o,di sc our si n gup on
"
p or t e n t ousa p p e a r a n c e soft h i ski n di n t h e h e a ve n s,i n di ffe r e n t a ge s,p a r t i c ula r lysp e a ksoft h i s
"
won de r fulst a r ,wh i c h h e obse r ve s,p r e sa ge dn e i t h e r di se a se sn or mor t a li t y,but t h e de sc e n t ofa
" Goda mon gme n : S t e llm,q ua m
a C h a ldmi sobse r va t a mfui sse t e st a n t ur ,q ue De umn up e r n a t um
"mun e r i busve n e r a t i sun t . " 5
Not h i n gc a n be mor e c le a r t h a n t h a t t h e Romi sh C h r i st i a n sgot
t h e i r h i st or yoft h e S t a r a n dMa gi fr omt h e se Ge n t i le sup e r st i t i on s
.
Th e se p r op h e c i e sh a ve be e n e q ua llyt r ouble some t ot h e p r i e st sa n dt ot h e p h i losop h e r s
. Th e
di vi n e swouldh a ve be e n ve r ygla doft h e m,but t h e a dop t i on oft h e mc a r r i e dwi t h i t t h e sh oc ki n g
c on se q ue n c e ,t h a t Godmust h a ve h a dsuc h ba dt a st e ,a st oh a ve p r e fe r r e de ve n t h e wi c ke dp a ga n s
' Vol . I I
. P
. 9 7 .
1
Th i sZe r a dush t i sn oot h e r t h a n t h e p e r son ge n e r a llyc a lle d Zor oa st e r by our olda ut h or s.
NowI le a r n fr omt h e
le a r n e dor i e n t a lPr ofe ssor Le e ,ofC a mbr i dge ,t h a t t h e la t t e r or t h ogr a p h y
i sa c omp le t e mi st a ke ,a n dt h a t i n a ll t h e old
or i e n t a la ut h or si t i ssp e lt
Ze r a dush t . I t h i n kt h i s'fur n i sh e sa ve r yst r on gp r oofoft h e r e a l a n t i q ui t ya n dge n ui n e n e ss
oft h e I r i sh r e c or ds : for i ft h e yh a dbe e n me r e lyc omp i le dor for me dfr om
t h e wor ksoft h e We st e r n n a t i on s,t h e y
wouldh a ve h a dt h e We st e r n mode ofsp e lli n gt h e wor d,a n dwouldn ot h a ve h a d
t h e Ea st e r n mode ,ofwh i c h t h e yc ould
kn own ot h i n g.
I t p r ove st h a t t h e yh a dt h i swor ddi r e c t fr omt h e Ea st , a n dn ot t h r ough t h e me di umof
- We st e r n
r e p or t e r s .
I fI mi st a ke n ot ,a n ot h e r e q ua llyst r i ki n gp r oofoft h e
sa me ki n dma ybe foun di n t h e wor dDa gdh u,,t h e mot h e r of
t h e Gods.
C i r c umst a n t i a le vi de n c e oft h i ski n de xc e lsa llwr i t t e n e vi de n c e wh a t e ve r
. Th i si swor t h t h e wh ole oft h e
c h r on i c le sofEr i . Da gdh ui s
n i n e ua or e ve a -i dg, Eve t h e p r op a ga t r i x .
3
Boc h a r a me a n sp la c e ofle a r n i n g .

4 Jon e son t h e C a n . Vol . I I

. Pa r t i i i . C h . xxi i . S . 7 .
5 I n Ti mse um,Pla t on i s,p
. 1 9 ,a p udHi n d. Hi st . ofMa ur i c e ,Vol. I I . p . 2 9 6 .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I
. S e c t i on 8

1 9 1
t oh i sown p e op le -h i sp r i e st lyn a t i on -t h e Pa ga n p r op h e c i e sbe i n gmuc h c le a r e r t h a n t h ose oft h e
Je ws. Th e p h i losop h e r sh a ve be e n a n n oye dbe c a use t h e yc le a r lyfor e t e ll a gr e a t p e r son t oc ome ,
a n dun le sst h e ya llowe di t t obe Je susC h r i st ,t h e yc ouldma ke n ot h i n goft h e m . Th e Pe r si a n s,
t h e C h i n e se ,a n dt h e De lp h i a n s,c ouldn ot p r op h e syofC a e sa r ,a n dt h e c lose r e se mbla n c e oft h e
p r op h e c i e sfr oma llp a r t soft h e wor ld,c ouldn ot be t h e e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t . Th e se ma t t e r sbe i n g
p r e mi se d,we wi ll n owc omp a r e t h e c a lc ula t i on sma de a li t t le t i me a go,wi t h t h e p e r i odsp r oduc e d
byt h e p r e c e ssi on oft h e e q ui n oxe s . But fi r st i t i sn e c e ssa r yt or e c olle c t ,t h a t Juli usC a e sa r fi xe d
t h e solst i c e t ot h e 2 5 t h ofDe c e mbe r ,a bout on e i n t h e mor n i n g,wh i c h br i n gst h e Eq ui n ox,i n t h e
z odi a c a lc i r c le ,t ot h e 2 5 t h de gr e e ofPi sc e s
.
Fr omt h e bi r t h ofC h r i st t ot h e be gi n n i n gofAr i e swi llbe -3 5 de gr e e s,or a bout
2 5 2 0ye a r s.
Fr omAr i e st ot h e be gi n n i n gofTa ur us

3 02 1 6 0
I n t h e wh ole a bout

4 6 8 0
3 0de gr e e si n Ma y, Ta ur us
.

8
x
6 00=4 8 00
3 0de gr e e si n Ap r i l, Ar i e s.

4 6 8 0
5 de gr e e si n Ma r c h , Pi sc e s
1 2 0
6 5 x 7 2 =4 6 8 0
Th i sdi ffe r e n c e i swh a t we mi gh t e xp e c t ,be c a use t h e t woc yc le soft h e p r e c e ssi on ,a n doft h e S un
a n dMoon ,t h e Ne r oswouldn ot c oi n c i de t i llt h e e n dof1 0si gn s
. For ,
2 1 6 0x8 =1 7 2 8 0_ by
6 00,le a ve sa r e ma i n de r of 4 8 0,
t owh i c h ,i fwe a ddt h e di ffe r e n c e of1 2 0,i t e xa c t lyc omp le t e st h e
c yc le of 6 00.
Th e n a dd1 2 0t ot h e 4 6 8 0,
a n di t gi ve suse xa c t lyt h e t i me for
8 Ne r ose s, 4 8 00.
Th i ssh e wst h e r e a son wh y,i n most oft h e c a lc ula t i on swh i c h I sh a llp r e se n t lyma ke ,t h e sumof
2 1 6 0,
t h e ye a r soft h e p r e c e ssi on i n on e si gn ,must fi r st be de duc t e d,t oma ke t h e sumsc ome
r i gh t .
Th e se r e sult sse r ve t osh e wt h a t t h e syst e mmust h a ve be e n ma de up ,or c omp le t e d,byt h e Br a h -
mi n s,some t i me a ft e r t h e be gi n n i n goft h e i r C a li Yug
. Th e i r a t t e mp t st or e c on c i le fa c t si r r e c on -
c i le a ble -t h e
2 1 6 0
ye a r soft h e p r e c e ssi on fr omTa ur ust oAr i e s,wi t h t h e t h r e e Ne r ose s,a n da wi sh
t obe gi n t oc oun t t h e la t t e r fr omt h e be gi n n i n goft h e C a li Yug-i n sh or t t h e wh ole e xh i bi t sa syst e m
ofe xp e di e n t s,or sh i ft s .
Th e c oi n c i de n c e ofn umbe r si n mye xp la n a t i on i ssoe xt r a or di n a r ya st o
se t a t de fi a n c e t h e sup p osi t i on ofa c c i de n t
.
Th e syst e mbe i n gor i gi n a llyfoun de di n e r r or ,a sI wi ll
p r e se n t lysh e w,wh e n t h e Br a h mi n sdi sc ove r e dt h e e r r or ,t h e yh a dr e c our se t osuc h e xp e di e n t sa s
offe r e dt h e mse lve s
.
8
. I n t h e followi n gve r se sofMa r t i a n usC a p e lla ,t h e c e le br a t e dMon ogr a mofC h r i st THY,
6 08 ,
i sde sc r i be d. Th e se ve r ywe lla p p lyt ot h e C r i st n a ofI n di a ,oft h e Je ws,a n da lsooft h e fa t h e r of
Ec c le si a st i c a lh i st or y,Euse bi us,bywh omt h e Roma n c h ur c h i sfollowe d,a n dbywh om,i n fa c t ,i t
wa se st a bli sh e d ; a n dI be gmyr e a de r t op a yp a r t i c ula r a t t e n t i on t ot h e S a c r umn ome n e t c ogn o-
me n ,t h e
TMi n t h e se ve r se s,wh i c h a r e wr i t t e n i n Roma n le t t e r son our p ulp i t c lot h s,i n Gr e e k
le t t e r son t h e i n si de oft h e r oofoft h e c a t h e dr a lofS t . Alba n 's,a n di n e ve r yki n dofle t t e r son t h e
c h ur c h e si n I t a ly . '
Th i sp e r i odof 6 08 , I h a ve just n owsh e wn ,wa sa c e le br a t e dc yc le wi t h t h e Hi n doos . I sh a ll
c a lli t t h e Gr e a t Ne r os,t odi st i n gui sh i t fr omt h a t of 6 00,
t h e Ne r osofJose p h us .
S ole mt oLa t i umvoc i t a t ,q ua dsolush on or e
Post Pa t r e msi sluc i sa p e x,r a di i sq ue sa c r a t um
Bi sse n i sp e r h i be n t c a p ut a ur e a la mi n a ,fe r r e :
I For some i n t e r e st i n gobse r va t i on sr e sp e c t i n gt h e c r uxa n sa t a , t h e r e a de r ma yc on sult Dr . Da n i e lC la r ke 'sTr a ve ls,
Vol . I I I . c h . i v . , a n dS oc r a t . S c h ol . Hi st or . Ec c le s. ,li b . v. c a p
. xvi i
.
1 9 2
S ubje c t C on t i n ue d
. Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla
Q ua dt ot i de mme n se s,t ot i de mq uodc on fi c i sh or a s .
Q ua t uor a li p e de sdi c un t t ofle c t e r e h a be n i s,
Q ua dsolusdomi t e s,q ua mda n t e le me n t a q ua dr i ga m
.
Na mt e n e br a sp r oh i be n s,r e t e gi sq uodc e r ula luc e t '
Hi n c Ph oe bump e r h i be n t p r ode n t e moc c ult a fut ur i
;
Ve lq ui a di ssolvi sn oc t ur n a a dmi ssa
. I sc e um
Te S e r a p i mNi lus,Me mp h i sve n e r a t ur Osi r i m
Di sson a sa c r a Mi t r a m,Di t e mq ue ,fe r mq ue Typ h on e m
At ysp ulc h e r i t e m,c ur vi e t p ue r a lmusa r r a t r i ,
Ammon e t a r e n t i sLi bye s,a c Bi bli usAdon .
S i c va r i oc un c t ust on omi n e c on voc a t or bi s .
S a lve ve r a de &mfa c i e s,vult t i sq ue p a t e r n a e ,
OC TOETS EX C ENTI S NUMERI S ,C UI LI TERATRI NA
C ONFORMATS AC RUMNOMEN,C OGNOMEN,ETOMEN .
Da ,Pa t e r ,me t h e r e osme n t i sc on sc e n de r e c oe t us
Ast r i ge r umq ue sa c r osubn omi n e n osc e r e c oe lum
.
Auge a t h a e c Pa t e r i n si gn i sme mor a n dusubi q ue 2
La t i umc a llst h e e S ol,be c a use t h oua lon e a r t i n h on our ,AFTERTHEFATHER,t h e c e n t r e ofli gh t ; a n dt h e ya ffi r m
t h a t t h ysa c r e dh e a dbe a r sa golde n br i gh t n e ssi n t we lve r a ys,be c a use t h oufor me st t h a t n umbe r ofmon t h sa n dt h a t n umbe r
ofh our s . Th e ysa yt h a t t h ougui de st four wi n ge dst e e ds,be c a use t h oua lon e r ule st t h e c h a r i ot oft h e e le me n t s
. For ,
di sp e lli n gt h e da r kn e ss,t h our e ve a le st t h e sh i n i n gh e a ve n s . He n c e t h e ye st e e mt h e e ,Ph oe bus,t h e di sc ove r e r oft h e se c r e t s
oft h e fut ur e ; or ,be c a use t h oup r e ve n t e st n oc t ur n a lc r i me s . Egyp t wor sh i p st h e e a s I sma n S e r a p i s-a n dMe mp h i sa s
Osi r i s . Th oua r t wor sh i p e dbydi ffe r e n t r i t e sa sMi t h r a ,Di s,a n dt h e c r ue lTyp h on . Th oua r t a lsot h e be a ut i fulAt ys,
a n dt h e fost e r i n gson oft h e be n t p lough . 'Th oua r t t h e Ammon ofa r i dLi bya ,a n dt h e Adon i sofByblos . Th usun de r
a va r i e da p p e lla t i on t h e wh ole wor ldwor sh i p st h e e . Ha i l !
t h out r ue i ma ge of
t h e Gods,a n doft h y fa t h e r 'sfa c e 1 THOU
WHOS ES AC REDNAME,S I RNAME,AND Ome n , THREELETTERS MAKETOAGREEWI THTHENUMBER6 08
. Gr a n t
us,oh Fa t h e r ,t or e a c h t h e e t h e r e a li n t e r c our se of mi n d, a n dt okn owt h e st a r r yh e a ve n un de r t h i ssa c r e dn a me
. Ma yt h e
gr e a t a n dun i ve r sa llya dor a ble Fa t h e r i n c r e a se t h e se h i sfa vour s .
For a n e xp la n a t i on oft h e S a c r umNome n ,vi de C e lt i c Dr ui ds . 3
For t h e r e a son gi ve n a bove byC olon e lWi lfor d,M. C a ssi n i h a ssh e wn t h a t t h e se r a ofBuddh a
ough t t obe fi xe dt ot h e ye a r 5 4 3 ,n ot 5 4 4 ,be for e C h r i st
. I t i ssa i dt h a t t h e C a li Yugt ookp la c e
3 1 01 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
. Th e e r a ofBuddh a ,i t h a sbe e n be for e st a t e d,i sc a lc ula t e dfr omh i s
de a t h . Nowle t usc oun t t h e di ffe r e n c e be t we e n h i sde a t h a n dt h e be gi n n i n goft h e c yc le for h i s
li fe ,a n di t wi llbe 5 7 .
Ta ke t h i sfr omt h e t i me t h e C a li Yugh a sr un ,a n di t
wi ll gi ve 3 1 01 -5 7
=3 04 4 .
Ta ke fr omt h i st h e t i me wh i c h C h r i st i sp la c e dt oola t e ,a c c or de r i n gt oUsh e r ,vi z
. 4
ye a r s,a n dwe sh a llh a ve fr omt h e be gi n n i n goft h e C a li Yug3 04 0
. Di vi de t h i sbyt h e myst i c a l
n umbe r ofMa r t i a n usC a p e lla ,t h e Mon ogr a mofC h r i st ,THE,=6 08 ,a n dwe sh a llh a ve e xa c t ly
t h e n umbe r offi ve Yugs,or fi ve gr e a t Ne r ose s,be t we e n t h e flood,or t h e e n t r a n c e oft h e S un i n t o
t h e Hi n dooAr i e sor t h e be gi n n i n goft h e C a li Yug,a n dC h r i st
. Th i sa n dt h e t h r e e i n t h e p r e c e d-
i n g2 1 6 0ye a r s,t h e t i me t h e S un t ookt op a sst h r ough Ta ur us,ma ke
up t h e e i gh t .
I n t h e 2 1 6 0ye a r st h e r e i sa n e xc e ssof3 6 0ye a r sove r t h e t h r e e C yc le sor Ne r ose s
. Th i sa r i se s
fr omt h e syst e mh a vi n gor i gi n a llyc omme n c e d,or a t le a st be e n i n e xi st e n c e ,wh e n t h e p r e c e ssi on
wa ssup p ose dt obe 1 8 00ye a r si n p a ssi n gt h r ough a si gn ,t r e a t e dofbe for e i n S e c t i on 5
. Th i s
wa sp r oba blyc on n e c t e dwi t h En oc h 'sc on ve ya n c e t oh e a ve n ,wh e n 3 6 0ye a r sofa ge (n ot 3 6 5 ),a s
h i sa ge ough t t obe
. I sh a llr e t ur n t ot h i sp r e se n t ly .
I fwe t a ke fr omt h e p e r i odof5 ,2 00st a t e dbyC a ssi n i a sEuse bi us's,(vi z
. fr omt h e c r e a t i on t o
t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,)t h e p r e c e ssi on for on e si gn ,vi z
. 2 1 6 0,we sh a llle a ve e xa c t ly3 04 0,wh i c h sum
i sfi ve sa c r e dC h r i st i a n p e r i ods,or gr e a t Ne r ose sof6 08 e a c h
. Th us :
5 x6 08 =3 04 0
; wh i c h wi ll
I
Q ua e c e r ula luc e n t ?

3 Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla ,de Nup t i i sPh i lologi a e ,Li b

. i i . p . 3 2
.

3 C h . i v. S e c t . vi i i .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I
. S e c t i on 8

1 9 3
be t h e t i me fr omt h e C a li Yug,or t h e e n t r a n c e oft h e sun i n t oAr i e s,t ot h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,
a c c or d-
i n g-t oEuse bi us . '
Aga i n ,a ddt oge t h e r 4 c yc le s of
6 00e a c h ,a n dwe h a ve
2 4 00
Th e n a ddt h e a e r a oft h e de a t h ofBuddh a p oi n t e dout byC a ssi n i

00 . 00
5 4 3
Th e n a ddt h e di ffe r e n c e be t we e n t h e se r a ofh i sde a t h a n dt h e be gi n n i n g
of . a
Ne r os,t h e
dur a t i on ofh i sli fe
5 7
An di t le a ve se xa c t ly5 Ne r ose s
3 000
Th e be gi n n i n goft h e C a li Yugi si n va r i a ble ,be i n g3 1 00B
. C . ,or
3 04 4
be for e Vi c r a ma di t ya .
2
Th i sla st 3 04 4 +2 1 6 0=5 2 04 ,
i sEuse bi us'sp e r i od,Ush e r 'smi st a ke a llowe dfor
.
I fi n t h e la st c a lc ula t i on we c oun t t h e se r a for t h e de a t h ofBuddh a
a t 5 4 4 ,a sun c or r e c t e dby
C a ssi n i ,a n dt a ke t h e a ge ofBuddh a a t
5 6 ,
e xa c t lyt h e t i me ,a c c or di n gt ot h e Le bt a r i kh ,wh i c h
August uswa sbor n be for e C h r i st ,we sh a llh a ve 3 000ye a r s,or fi ve Ne r ose s
fr omt h e floodt ot h e
bi r t h ofC h r i st . s
Wi lfor dsa ys,t h e S a ma r i t a n sc oun t 3 04 0ye a r sfr omt h e floodt ot h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
.
Fr omt h i s
i t a p p e a r st h a t t h e yuse dt h e Ne r osof6 08 i n t h e i r c a lc ula t i on
.
Aga i n ,fr omt h e p e r i odbe t we e n t h e C a li Yuga n dC h r i st ,3 1 01
ye a r s,t a ke t h e t i me be t we e n t h e
e p oc h 5 4 3 a n dC h r i st ,vi z . 5 7 ,a n dwe h a ve 3 04 4
:
e xa c t lyt h e t i me ,a c c or di n gt ot h e S a ma r i t a n
c omp ut a t i on ,be t we e n t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st a n dt h e flood,Ush e r 'se r r or a llowe dfor
.
I n I n di a t h e r e wa sa n se r a c a lle dt h e a e r a ofVi c r a ma di t ya
.
Ma n yle a r n e dPun di t sma ke h i m
be gi n t or e i gn 3 04 4 ye a r sa ft e r t h e flood,a n dt h e ya ddt h a t ,a ft e r a r e i gn of
5 6 ye a r s,h e di e di n
t h e ye a r 3 1 01 ,wh i c h ye a r 3 04 4 wa st h e fi r st oft h e C h r i st i a n
a e r a oft h e flood,a c c or di n gt ot h e
S a ma r i t a n c omp ut a t i on ,Ush e r 'se r r or a llowe dfor ; t h usc omp le t i n gt h e c yc le ,a n dwi t h t h r e e be -
for e t h e flood,ma ke t h e e i gh t r e q ui r e d . 4
Ye a r soft h e wor ldt oC h r i st
4 000
Ye a r sfr omc r e a t i on t oflood
1 6 5 6
2 3 4 4
Admi t t e de r r or i n He br e w,or t h e
S a ma r i t a n wi t h out e r r or
7 00
3 04 4
Li fe ofVi c r a ma di t ya 5 6 ye a r s
5 6
3 1 00
Th i ssh e wst h e I n di a n a n dS a ma r i t a n t obe p r e c i se lyt h e sa me
.
Th e r e wa sa lsoa n se r a ofS a li va h a n a ,ofwh omI sh a llh a ve
muc h t osa yh e r e a ft e r
. He c on -
q ue r e da n dki lle dVi c r a ma di t ya .
Hi sse r a c omme n c e da t t h e de a t h ofh i se n e my,t h a t i s,
a t t h e
bi r t h ofC h r i st .
Th e S a ma r i t a n s,wh ogi ve 7 00ye a r smor e be t we e n t h e flooda n dC h r i st t h a n t h e
He br e wa n dVulga t e ,a p p e a r t oh a ve c a lc ula t e dbyt h e p r e c e ssi on oft h e e q ui n oxe s,a n dt oh a ve
'
Th e C a li Yugbe gi n swh e n t h e S un e n t e r sAr i e sa t t h e Ve r n a lEq ui n ox
.
Jon e s, Asi a t . Re s. Vol. I I . p . 3 9 3 .
Th i s
i st h e da t e of t h e flooda c c or di n gt ot h e Br a h mi n doc t r i n e s
.
s
Asi a t . Re s. Vol . I X . p . 8 6 .
3 Ac c or di n gt osome c a lc ula t i on s,August uswa sbor n
6 3 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
. (Asi a t . Re s. Vol. X . p . 3 3 . )
Th e n 5
Yugsor Ne r ose s
=3 000+6 3 8 +6 3 =3 7 01 -3 1 01 =6 00 .
Th i se vi de n t lya llude st ot h e se c on dse r a
of
Buddh a , of6 3 8
ye a r sa ft e r C h r i st ,for me r lyn ot i c e di n S e c t i on 1 .
4
Asi a t
. Re s .
Vol
. X . p
. 1 2 2 .
1 9 4
S ubje c t
C on t i n ue d. Ma r t i a n us C a p e lla
c a lc ula t e di n suc h a ma n n e r ,t h a t 6 5 de gr e e s,a n da p a r t ofa de gr e e ,h a dp a sse da t t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
6 5 x7 2 =4 6 8 0 ; a ddfor a p a r t ofa de gr e e
2 0 ye a r s =4 7 00
. Th e p r i n c i p le on wh i c h t h e S a ma r i t a n
c omp ut a t i on i sma de i sp r e t t yc le a r .
Ast h e S a ma r i t a n sc oun t '
3 04 4 be t we e n t h e flooda n dC h r i st ,a n da st h e yr e c kon 4 7 00fr omt h e
c r e a t i on t oC h r i st ,t h e ymust r e c kon t h e sa me t i me be t we e n t h e c r e a t i on a n dflooda sUsh e r ,vi z .
1 6 x6 ye a r s . 2
Th e Juli a n p e r i odbe gi n s,t h e 4 ye a r s'mi st a ke ofUsh e r a llowe dfor ,4 1 09 or 4 7 1 0
ye a r sbe for e C h r i st .
Th i se vi de n t lyi sme a n t t oc oi n c i de
. wi t h t h e S a ma r i t a n syst e m .
Allt h e se p e r i odsa r e c or r e c t e xc e p t t h e Juli a n p e r i od,wh i c h c ome ssuffi c i e n t lyn e a r t op r ove
ve r yc le a r ly,t h a t wh a t Me ga st h e n e ssa i dwa st r ue ,t h a t t h e Je wsa n dt h e Hi n doosh a dt h e sa me
syst e mofc h r on ology,a n dwe sh a llse e bya n dby,i n a fut ur e book,wh e n I c ome t ot r e a t oft h e
Je ws,t h e r e a son oft h i s .
Th e Gr e e ksa n dRoma n sc on si de r e dt h e t won umbe r s6 08 a n d6 5 0a si n a p a r t i c ula r ma n n e r
sa c r e dt oBa c c h us .
Now,wh e n Euse bi uswa sma ki n gout h i s5 2 00byde duc t i n gfr omi t t h e ye a r s
oft h e p r e c e ssi on i n t h e si gn Ta ur us,a n dt h e n c a lc ula t i n gfi ve c yc le sfr omt h e be gi n n i n gofAr i e s
t oJe susC h r i st ,a st h e r e a de r h a sse e n ,h e wouldn a t ur a llyi n q ui r e ,wh a t t h e ot h e r sa c r e dn umbe r
6 5 0woulddo ;
a n dh e wouldfi n d,t h a t i fmult i p li e dbye i gh t ,(t h e n umbe r ofc yc le sst a t e dbyJu-
ve n a la n dC e n sor i n ust oh a ve r un t oC h r i st ,)i t woulde xa c t lyma ke h i sn umbe r of5 2 00
; sot h a t
on e ma de t h e c yc le sfr omTa ur us,t h e ot h e r fr omAr i e s,-but bot h c omi n gt ot h e sa me t h i n g,e i gh t
c yc le si n t h e wh ole ,a n dt h e sa me n umbe r ofye a r s
.
I t se e mst ome t obe a bsolut e lyi mp ossi ble ,
t h a t t h e c oi n c i de n c e oft h e se n umbe r sc a n h a ve be e n t h e e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t
.
Th e c yc le of6 00doe sn ot a p p e a r t oh a ve be e n kn own a sa sa c r e dn umbe r t ot h e Gr e e ksa n d
Roma n s,but on lyt ot h e Je wsa n dor i e n t a ln a t i on s
.
Th e r e a son wa s,be c a use t h e 6 08 a n d6 5 0
c a me fr omt h e Ea st be for e t h e i r e r r or wa sdi sc ove r e d
.
. I t h i n kI n e e dn ot h a ve de si r e da n yt h i n g
be t t e r t oc on fi r m,bot h myt h e or yoft h e or i gi n oft h e sa c r e dsola r n umbe r s,a n doft h e e i gh t p e r i ods
or c yc le st ot h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,t h a n t h a t t h e mult i p li c a t i on oft h e
6 5 0 bye i gh t ,sh ouldgi ve ust h e
e xa c t n umbe r st a t e dbyEuse bi ust oh a ve p a sse dbe for e t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st
.
Th e followi n gi ssur e lya si n gula r c oi n c i de n c e ofn umbe r s
Ush e r 'sa ge oft h e wor ld
4 004
Ush e r 'st i me oft h e flood
1 6 5 6
Floodbe for e C h r i st
2 3 4 8
AddS a ma r i t a n c or r e c t i on
7 00
3 04 8
Add r e a l p r e c e ssi on for on e si gn
2 1 5 2
5 2 00
I fwe sup p ose ,a si st h e fa c t ,t h a t t h e sun le ft t h e la st de gr e e ofAr i e s,a n de n t e r e dPi sc e s,a bout
t h e ye a r 3 8 0be for e C h r i st ,a n da ddt h e ye a r soft h e c ommon lyr e p ut e dp r e c e ssi on for t h e t wosi gn s
Ar i e sa n dTa ur us, 2 1 6 0+2 1 6 0=4 3 2 0,
we sh a llh a ve e xa c t lyt h e S a ma r i t a n c omp ut a t i on 4 3 2 0+
3 8 0=4 7 00
. I ft h i sbe a c c i de n t ,i t i ssur e lya won de r fula c c i de n t ,t h a t sh ouldbr i n ga llt h ose n um-
be r swh i c h myt h e or yr e q ui r e st oa n e xa c t a gr e e me n t .
1 Asi a t . Re s. Vol. V. p . 2 4 1 .
2
S e e Un i ve r sa lHi st or y,
Vol. I . p . 1 4 7 , wh e r e t h e He br e wa n dS a ma r i t a n c h r on ology,be for e t h e flood,a r e r e c on c i le d
on
t h e h yp ot h e si s of Fa t h e r Tour n e mi n e . I n t h i sr e c on c i li a t i on ,I t h i n k,wi llbe foun dt h e t r i fli n ge r r or or di ffe r e n c e
be for e me n t i on e d, of
t h e t e n i n t h e Juli a n p e r i od .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I
. S e c t i on 1

1 9 5
I c on si de r t h i st obe ve r yi mp or t a n t ,be c a use t h e S a ma r i t a n c omp ut a t i on n ot on lya gr e e swi t h
t h e Hi n dooi n syst e m,but i t a dop t st h e e r r or ,usi n gi t sfa vour i t e n umbe r
7 2 i n st e a dof 7 1 ; a n d
a ga i n ,t h e Hi n dooe r r or of2 1 6 0i n st e a dof2 1 5 2
.
C olon e lWi lfor dsa ys,
" Th e ye a r oft h e de a t h ofVi c r a ma r c a a n dt h a t oft h e ma n i fe st a t i on of

S a l'-ba -h a n ,a r e a c kn owle dge dt obe but on e a n dt h e sa me ,a n dt h e ya r e obvi ouslyso

; a c c or di n g

t ot h e C uma r i c a -c h a n da ,t h a t r e ma r ka ble ye a r wa st h e 3 1 01 st oft h e C a li Yuga ,a n dt h e fi r st of

"
t h e C h r i st i a n se r a ,t h usc oi n c i di n ga lsowi t h t h e S a ma r i t a n t e xt ,wh i c h i sa r e ma r ka ble c i r c um-

st a n c e . " t
Wi t h r e sp e c t t ot h e t i me fi xe dbyEuse bi usfor t h e a ge oft h e wor ldbe for e C h r i st , we must r e -
c olle c t t h a t i t i sve r ydi ffe r e n t fr oma llt h e ot h e r s,be c a use a t t h e t i me wh e n h e a n dh i sma st e r ,
C on st a n t i n e ,we r e se t t li n ga n de st a bli sh i n gt h e C h r i st i a n r e li gi on -de st r oyi n gbyt h e a ge n c yof
Th e odor e t suc h gosp e lh i st or i e sa st h e yt h ough t wr on g,a n dsubst i t ut i n gsuc h a st h e yt h ough t
r i gh t -
t h e yma ybe fa i r lysup p ose dt oh a ve h a di n for ma t i on on t h e se subje c t s,wh i c h ma y
ve r ye a si lyh a ve be e n lost i n la t e r t i me s . I t h i n kn oon e wi llbe li e ve t h a t i t wa sbya c c i de n t ,t h a t
t h e n umbe r oft h e ye a r soft h e S un 'sp r e c e ssi on i n a si gn ,(2 1 6 0,)t h e n umbe r ofEuse bi us,(5 2 00,)
a n dt h e e i gh t c yc le s,a gr e e dwi t h t h e doc t r i n e sofJuve n a la n dC e n sor i n usa n dt h e e i gh t Ava t a r sof
I n di a
. 2
Eve r yp a r t oft h i sc ur i ousmyt h osbe t r a ysma r ksofa syst e mfoun de dor i gi n a llyi n e r r or ,but a t
t h i sda ylost ,a n dma de out bye xp e di e n t sor doubt fulc a lc ula t i on s : a n dwh e n we r e fle c t up on t h e
fa c t st a t e dbyJose p h us,t h a t t h e Je wsh a da kn owle dge fr omt h e i r a n c e st or soft h e be a ut i fulc yc le
oft h e Ne r os,we n e e dn ot be sur p r i se dt h a t t h e i r c h r on ologysh ouldsh e wp r oofsoft h e i r kn ow-
le dge oft h e p r e c e ssi on oft h e e q ui n oxe s,a st h e S a ma r i t a n ,I t h i n k,doe s . Wh e n Jose p h ussa ys
t h a t t h e Je wsh a dt h e Ne r os,h e ofc our se me a n st h e I sr a e li t i sh n a t i on ,t h e de sc e n da n t sof
Abr a h a m .
C HAPTERI I I
S ubje c t c on t i n ue d-TwoC yc le s
. Josh uc st op st h e S un a n dMoon -Je wi sh I n c a r -
n a t i on s-Mi lle n i um . Pr i t c h a r d
. Pla t o-Je wi sh a n dC h r i st i a n a ut h or i t i e sfr om
Dr . Me de -Plut a r c h a n dot h e r We st e r n Aut h or son t h e 6 00-ye a r C yc le -Th e
Hi n doosh a ddi ffe r e n t S yst e ms-Obse r r va t i on son Pyt h a gor a s,&c
. -La Lou-
h e r e on t h e wor dS i a n i .
1 . Aswe h a ve t h e t wosma llc yc le s6 00a n d6 08 ,we h a ve i n li ke ma n n e r t wosyst e ms
ofc h r on o
logyde p e n di n gup on t h e m. Th e fi r st i sEuse bi us's
.
I t be gi n swi t h t h e e gr e ssofNoa h fr omt h e
'
Asi a t . Re s .
Vol
. X . p . 1 2 2 .
4
Me t h odi us, Bi sh op of
Tyr e ,st a t e s,t h a t i n t h e ye a r of
t h e wor ld 2 1 00, t h e r e wa sbor n un t oNoa h a four t h son ,
c a lle dI on i -t h us . (Ni mr od, Vol. 1 . p . 4 . ) Th i sh a sc e r t a i n lya myt h ologi c a la p p e a r a n c e a n dlooksa s i f
i t wa sme a n t
for t h e 2 1 6 0ye a r s,t h e p r e c e ssi on a lt i me be t we e n Ta ur usa n dAr i e s . I f
t h i s
2 1 00
be a dde dt ot h e
3 1 00 ye a r swh i c h t h e
Hi n doosp la c e be t we e n t h e flood a n dC h r i st ,i t e xa c t lyma ke sup t h e da t e fi xe don byEuse bi us, 5 2 00
ye a r sfor t h e a ge
of t h e wor ld . Th e wor d I on i , we kn owt h e me a n i n gof,a n dma yn ot t h e Th us me a n t h e bla c kP for i t i soft e n wr i t t e n
I on ! -c h us . Pe r h a p si t ma ya llude i n some wa yt oa sc h i smwh i c h t ookp la c e be t we e n t h e followe r s of Ta ur usa n dt h e
I on i ,wh i c h I sh a llt r e a t of p r e se n t ly,a n dt h e followe r s of t h e Yon i a lon e . Ot h e r c h r on i c le sc on fi r mt h e e xi st e n c e of
t h i sI on i -t h usa sa son
of Noa h . He wa sa fa mousa st r ologe r a n dp r op h e t
. "
He h e ldt h e r e gi on fr omt h e e n t e r i n gi n
" of Et h a mt ot h e se a ,wh i c h r e gi on i s c a lle dHe li oc h or a ,be c a use t h e sun r i se t h t h e r e . "
1 9 6

S ubje c t C on t i n ue d . Josh ua S t op st h e S un a n dMoon

a r k . De duc t i n g fr om h i sst a t e me n t oft h e wor ld'sa ge (i . e . 5 2 00)t h e ye a r soft h e p r e c e ssi on for
t h e si gn Ta ur us,2 1 6 0,a n di t le a ve s3 04 0,e q ua lt o6 08 x5 ,or fi ve Gr e a t Ne r ose st ot h e bi r t h
ofC h r i st . Th i s,a swe h a ve be for e n ot i c e d,i st h e c or r e c t S a ma r i t a n c omp ut a t i on ,a c c or di n gt o
C ol
. Wi lfor d,'t h e mi st a ke ofUsh e r be i n ga llowe dfor ,a n dc or r e c t ,a c c or di n gt oMa r sh a ma n d
He ve li us .
Th e se c on dsyst e mbe gi n sa t t h e bi r t h ofS h e m . Th e four t h p e r i ode n dswi t h t h e de a t h ofS h e m,
wh oli ve de xa c t ly6 00ye a r s,a n dwh oi ssa i d 2 t oh a ve di e di n t h e ye a r oft h e flood5 02 .
Th e n ,
5 02 +3 1 01 (t h e dur a t i on oft h e C a li Yugbe for e C h r i st )=3 6 03 ; t h e Ne r os,t h a t ofS h e m,be i n gde -
duc t e d,i t le a ve s3 003 ,a n dt h e n Ush e r 's4 ye a r sfor t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st p la c e dt oofor wa r d,be i n g
a lsode duc t e d,we h a ve 3 000,or fi ve c or r e c t Ne r ose sof6 00ye a r se a c h ,a llbut a n un i t ,wh i c h we
h a ve se e n i s . ofn oma t e r i a lc on se q ue n c e .
I t i sa c i r c umst a n c e wor t h yofobse r va t i on ,t h a t S h e mi ssa i dbyUsh e r t oh a ve di e da t t h e
2 1 5 8 t h wh i c h ma ybe c a lle d2 1 6 0t h ye a r oft h e wor ld'sa ge . Th e se we r e t h e ye a r soft h e p r e c e s-
si on i n on e si gn . Th i s,li ke ot h e r c oi n c i de n c e s,c ouldsc a r c e lyh a ve be e n t h e e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t
.
I f
we a ddt o2 1 6 0,fi ve gr e a t Ne r ose sor 3 04 0,we sh a llh a ve t h e c a lc ula t i on ofEuse bi us,t h e ma n of
a llot h e r s,si n c e t h e t i me ofC h r i st ,t h e most li ke lyt oun de r st a n dt h e ma c h i n e r yoft h e syst e m .
An dt h i sa ga i n sh e wswh y,i n t h e se c a lc ula t i on s,t h e t i me wh i c h t h e e q ui n oxp r e c e de di n on e si gn ,
vi z . 2 1 6 0ye a r s,ough t t obe de duc t e d .
Th uswe h a ve t wosyst e msoft h e Ne r os,on e of6 00,a n dt h e ot h e r of6 08 ye a r se a c h .
He si od,i n h i sWor ksa n dDa ys,ma ke sout t h a t h e i s h i mse lf li vi n gi n t h e fi ft h a ge ,t h a t ofI r on ,
t h e four t h h a vi n gjust p a sse da wa y . Th i se vi de n t lya llude st ot h e si xmi lle n a r i e s,i n t h e fi ft h of
wh i c h h e li ve d . Ale a r n e da n da n on ymousa ut h or ofC a mbr i dge (Ke yt oC h r on ologyoft h e Hi n -
doos)c omp a r i n gt h e c h r on ologyoft h e Hi n doosa n dJe wssa ys,sp e a ki n goft h e Wor ksa n dDa ys,
"
Th e c omme n c e me n t oft h e four t h a ge i s,i fp ossi ble ,ye t mor e c le a r lyma r ke d . Th e t h r e e fi r st
a c
a ge sh a vi n gc on sume d1 000,8 00,a n d6 00ye a r s,t h e four t h c omme n c e swi t h A . M. 2 4 00-a n dt o
1 1 t h i sa ge i sa ssi gn e d4 00ye a r s . He si odst yle si t t h e a ge oft h e De mi gods,a n dr e p r e se n t sa p a r t
ofi t a sa t i me ofgr e a t vi r t ue ,just i c e ,a n dp i e t y . "We ma yh e r e obse r ve h owt h e i n ge n i ous
C a n t a b,3 wh odoe sn ot i n t h e le a st un de r st a n dor e ve n susp e c t t h e n a t ur e ofmyt h e or y,st umble s
up on myn umbe r s,on lymi st a ki n gt h e e n doft h e four t h a ge ,2 4 00,for i t sc omme n c e me n t . He
t h i n ksMose sa n swe r e dt oC r i st n a . Th i sa llude st ot h e p e r i odwh i c h t h e S a ma r i t a n sa llot t e dt o
t h e br i n gi n goft h e a r kt oS h i loh ,byJosh ua
.
I t i sst a t e d,Josh ua x
. 1 2 ,1 3 ,t h a t h e st op p e dt h e sun a n dmoon
ABOUT a da y : S un ,st a n dt h ou
st i llup on Gi be on ; a n dt h ou,Moon ,i n t h e va lle yofdja lon -a n dt h e S un h a st e dn ot t o go down
ABOUT
a wh ole da y . I sn ot t h i swr i t t e n i n t h e bookofJa sh e r ? 4
Th e Bi ble sa ys,"a bout a da y . " I
sh a lle n de a vour t osp e w
wh y a n dfor h owlon ga t i me Josh ua
st op p e di t . Th i sst op p a ge p r oba blyc on t i n ue ddur i n gt h e t i me be t we e n t h e e n di n gofon e ofNoa h 's
a n don e ofS h e m'sc yc le s,vi z . 9 8 ye a r s : i . e . 9 8 +5 02 =6 00. Byt h i sme a n sh e br ough t t h e
t woc yc le st oge t h e r .
9 8 ye a r swouldbe mor e t h a n e q ua lt oon e de gr e e ,or t h e 3 6 0t h p a r t oft h e
c i r c le ,but n ot q ui t e t oon e de gr e e a n da h a lf . At t h a t t i me e a c h de gr e e ,or 7 2 ye a r s,r e p r e se n t e d
a da y,oft h e ye a r of3 6 0da yslon g . Eve r yfe st i va lwouldfa llba c ka da y,i n a bout 7 2 ye a r s .
Th e c i r c umst a n c e oft h e Moon be i n gst op p e da swe lla st h e S un ,i sa llusi ve t ot h e double c yc le ,
ofS un a n dMoon . I t wa sa t h r owi n gba c kt h e Lun i -sola r p e r i od
. I ft h i swe r e n ot so,wh ysh ould
' Asi a t . Re s. Vol . V . p . 2 4 1 ,
Ma p .

a
Un i ve r sa lHi st or y.

3
Vol. I I . p . 2 8 9 .
4 As our ve r si on sa ys, but a sJose p h us
sa ys,i n t h e wr i t i n gsla i dup i n t h e t e mp le .
(S e e Pa r kh ur st i n voc e 1 m+
i sr , a n d
i n voc e 1 DD sp r . ) But ,a s I sh ouldsa ywi t h Pa r kh ur st ,
i n t h e e mble ma t i c a lwr i t i n g ; a n d, I sh oulda lsoa dd, of t h e S a -
vi our 1 w' i sr -fr omt h e wor dp m'i so,t osa ve .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 1

1 9 7
Josh ua ma ke use oft h e e xp r e ssi on t ost op t h e Moon ? S ur e lyt h e S un ga ve li gh t e n ough wi t h out
t h e Moon l
I sup p ose n obodyi ssowe a kn owa st ot a ke t h e se t e xt st ot h e le t t e r .
Th e syst e mofS h e mwa st h a t of6 08 ye a r st oa Ne r os,a n dwh e n Josh ua i ssa i dt oh a ve st op p e d
t h e S un a n dMoon ,h e dr op p e dt h e use oft h e 6 08 a n da dop t e dt h e 6 00 . He c or r e c t e dt h e C a le n da r ,
a sC a e sa r di di n a la t e r da y
. I n a llt h e se c a lc ula t i on sI lookup on t h e fi r st booksofGe n e si sa sHi n -
doowor ks,a n d,for r e a son swh i c h wi llh e r e a ft e r be gi ve n up on t h e Mosa i c a n dHi n doosyst e ms,
i n t h e i r foun da t i on sor p r i n c i p le st h e sa me . Th e Mosa i c h a sbe e n sh e wn t obe t h e sa me a st h e
Pe r si a n ,a n dS i r Wi lli a mJon e sh a ssh e wn t h a t t h e oldPe r si a n wa st h e sa me a st h e Hi n doo,
wh i c h i sa lsop r ove d,byt h e De sa t i r ofMosh a n i .
I t i sa dmi t t e dt h a t t h e Ne r osc ouldn ot h a ve be e n i n ve n t e dwi t h out a ve r ygr e a t de gr e e ofa st r o-
n omi c a lkn owle dge ,or t i lla ft e r ve r ylon ga n dc or r e c t lyr e c or de da st r on omi c a lobse r va t i on s . AsI
h a ve st a t e d,t h e gr e a t Ne r oswa sp r oba blyt h e c yc le be for e t h e i r i n c r e a se dkn owle dge e n a ble dt h e m
t obr i n gi t t op e r fe c t i on ,a n dwa sc a r r i e dve r ye a r lyt ot h e We st ,a n di st h usfoun dwi t h t h e
Et r usc a n s .
Th e c yc le swouldr e q ui r e c or r e c t i n ga ga i n a ft e r se ve r a lr e volut i on s,a n dwe fi n dI sa i a h ma ki n g
t h e sh a dowgoba c kt e n de gr e e son t h e di a lofAh a z
.
i
Th i swouldme a n n ot h i n gbut a se c on dc or -
r e c t i on oft h e Ne r os,or a c or r e c t i on ofsome c yc le ofa p la n e t a r ybody,t oma ke i t a gr e e wi t h some
ot h e r .
I n t h e a n n a lsofC h i n a ,i n fa c t oft h e C h i n e se Buddh i st s,i n t h e r e i gn oft h e Emp e r or YAU, (a
ve r yst r i ki n gn a me ,be i n gt h e n a me oft h e Godoft h e Je ws,)i t i ssa i d,t h a t t h e sun wa sst op p e d
t e n da ys,t h a t i s,p r oba bly,t e n de gr e e sofI sa i a h , 2 a de gr e e a n swe r i n gt oa ye a r ,3 6 0de gr e e sa n d
3 6 0da ys .
Asmi gh t we llbe e xp e c t e d,wh e n Josh ua st op p e dt h e sun i t wa sobse r ve di n I n di a . Mr . Fr a n k-
li n sa ys,"
1 5 7 5 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,a ft e r t h e de a t h ofC r i st n a (Boodh t h e son ofDe i r c a ),t h e sun
~~st oodst i llt oh e a r t h e p i ouse ja c ula t i on sofAr joon . Th i si st h e gr e a t le a de r oft h e Je ws-
C Q Mose s
. " 3
Th e a ut h or oft h e C a mbr i dge Ke ysa ys,t h a t i n t h e t e xt oft h e Bi ble t h e sun i ssa i dt ost a n dst i ll
i n A
. M
. 1 4 5 1 ,t h e ye a r i n wh i c h Mose sdi e d . Th i si st h e C a li ye a r 1 6 5 1 , i n wh i c h t h e sun st ood
st i llt oh e a r t h e p i ouse ja c ula t i on sofAr joon for t h e de a t h ofC r i st n a . 4 Th e le a r n e dJe sui t Ba l-
de e usobse r ve s,t h a t e ve r yp a r t oft h e li fe ofC r i st n a h a sa n e a r r e se mbla n c e t ot h e h i st or yofC h r i st
a n dh e goe son t osh e wt h a t t h e t i me wh e n t h e mi r a c le sa r e sup p ose dt oh a ve be e n p e r for me dwa s
dur i n gt h e Dwa p a r a jug,wh i c h h e a dmi t st oh a ve e n de d3 1 00ye a r sbe for e t h e C h r i st i a n e e r a . 5
S o
t h a t ,a st h e C a n t a bsa ys,
I f
t h e r e i sme a n i n gi n wor dst h e C h r i st i a n mi ssi on a r yi mp li e st h a t t h e h i s-
t or yofC h r i st wa sfoun de don t h a t ofC r i sh n u .
Aft e r t h i s,i n p . 2 2 6 , C a n t a bgoe son t oske w,t h a t i t i sa lmost i mp ossi ble t odoubt t h a t t h e h i s-
t or yofC r i st n a wa swr i t t e n lon gp r i or t ot h e t i me ofC h r i st . Th e sa me myt h osi se vi de n t ,i n a ll
t h e se wi de ly-se p a r a t e dn a t i on s . I t sfullme a n i n g,I h a ve n odoubt ,wi llbe some da ydi sc ove r e d .
Th e C a li Yugi sfi xe dt oa bout t h e ye a r 3 1 00be for e C h r i st ,i n t h e mi ddle oft h e
n i n t h c e n t ur y,
byAlbuma z a r ,a fa mousAr a bi a n a st r on ome r ,wh oli ve da t t h e c our t oft h e c e le br a t e dAl-Ma mun
a t Ba lkh .
6
Th i sa lon e p r ove st h a t t h e Hi n doop e r i odsa r e n ot ofmode r n i n ve n t i on ,a n di sofi t se lf
e n ough t or e fut e a llMr . Be n t le y'sa r gume n t swh i c h h a ve be e n use d,a n dh a ve for t h e i r foun da t i on
sole lyh i sa sse r t i on ,t h a t t h e a st r on omi c a lc a lc ula t i on swe r e for ge dfor t h e p ur p ose ofde c e i vi n g
Ma h moodAkba r i n t h e 1 6 t h c e n t ur y . Ge or ge ofTr e bi z on d,wh odi e da bout 1 4 4 8 ,sa ys,t h a t t h e
'
2 Ki n gsxx . 1 1 ; a n dI sa i a h xxvi i i . 8 .

s
Pr e f
. t ot h e la st Vol . ofUn i ve r s. Hi st . p . xi i i .
3
On Buddh i st sa n dJe yn e s,p . 1 7 4 .

4 Vol. I I . p . 2 2 ; 4 ,

s
I bi d
.
6
Vi de Asi a t . Re s . Vol . I X . p . 1 4 2 ; Vol . X
. P
. 1 1 7 .
1 9 8

Je wi sh I n c a r n a t i on s
Pe r si a n sr e c kon e dfr omt h e floodt o
A
. D
. 6 3 2 , t h e se r a ofYe sde ji r d,3 7 3 3 ye a r s. Th us,
6 3 2 +3 1 01
=3 7 3 3
. Th i sa ga i n sh e wst h a t t h e Pe r si a n sh a dt h e sa me syst e ma st h e Hi n doos, I
a n da ga i n
c le a r lyp r ove s,t h a t t h e se Hi n dooc a lc ula t i on sc a n n ot h a ve be e n ma de t o de c e i ve Ma h moodAkba r .
2 . Noa h be ga n a n e wwor ld,a n dt h usa lsodi dC r i st n a
.
I n looki n gba c kt ot h e Je wi sh h i st or y,I fi n dt h e floode n de don t h e da yt h a t Noa h fi n i sh e dh i s
6 00t h ye a r ,wh e n a n e wwor ldbe ga n
. We h a ve a lr e a dyse e n t h a t t h e ye a r oft h e sa vi our C r i st n a
wa sfe i gn e dt obe 6 00ye a r s-t h e dur a t i on oft h e Ne ws . He wa st h e sa vi our ofI n di a ,e xp r e ssly
p r e di c t e di n t h e a n c i e n t wr i t i n gsoft h e Br a h mi n s
. Th e sa vi our oft h e Je wsa n dofEur op e wa st h e
sa me
. Th e Je wi sh i n c a r n a t i on swe r e t h e sa me a st h ose oft h e Hi n doos,a swa si n de e da lmost e ve r y
p a r t oft h e i r syst e m
. But fr omt h e e xt r e me lyc or r up t st a t e oft h e de t a i lsoft h e He br e wh i st or y i n
t h e t h r e e oldve r si on sofi t ,t h e r e i sn op r oba bi li t yt h a t t h e c yc le ssh oulde ve r be ma de out c or r e c t ly
a c c or di n gt oe i t h e r oft h e m .
Th e fi r st c yc le be ga n wi t h t h e sun i n Ta ur us,t h e c r e a t i on oft h e syst e m,a n de n de dwi t h En oc h ,
wh odi dn ot di e ,but wh oa sc e n de di n t oh e a ve n . I t h i n kt h i ssp e a ksfor i t se lf .
En oc h i ssa i dt oh a ve li ve d3 6 5 ye a r s,but i t i sp r oba ble t h a t h i sli fe wa son ly3 6 0,t h e t i me wh i c h
i t wa sn e c e ssa r yt oi n t e r c a la t e t oma ke up t h e di ffe r e n c e be t we e n t h e t h r e e Ne r ose s,a n dt h e p r e -
c e ssi on for on e si gn ,1 8 00+3 6 0=2 1 6 0,wh e n t h e syst e mofNoa h ,t h e c or r e c t syst e m,be ga n . I n
t h i st h e or yI a msup p or t e dbye vi de n c e (un de r t h e c i r c umst a n c e i n wh i c h we h a ve i t )wh i c h I c a ll
st r on g. Dr . S h uc kfor dsa ys,"Nowi fEn oc h wa s6 0ye a r solda t
Me t h usa le h 's bi r t h ,a c c or di n gt o
"Euse bi ush i mse lf,fr omMe t h usa le h 'sbi r t h t ot h e 1 8 0t h ye a r ofNoa h i sbut 3 00ye a r s,a n dc on -
" se q ue n t lyEuse bi us,t oh a ve be e n c on si st e n t wi t h h i mse lf,sh ouldh a ve ma de En oc h 'sa ge a t h i s
" t r a n sla t i on 3 6 0,but h e h a sma de i t 3 6
. 1 1 2
Dr . S h uc kfor dh a ssome ve r yi n t e r e st i n gobse r va -
t i on son t h e di ffe r e n t syst e msofc h r on ology,a n dp r ofe sse st oh a ve r e move dor a c c oun t e dfor t h e
di ffe r e n c e be t we e n t h e He br e wa n dt h e LX X
. ,wi t h t h e e xc e p t i on oft h e ve r ysusp i c i ousr oun dsum
of6 00ye a r s .
AsI h a ve just st a t e d,I c on si de r t h e Myt h osofEn oc h a sa n i n t e r c a la t i on ,t oma ke t h e p e r i ods
c ome r i gh t ,a ft e r t h e di sc ove r yt h a t t h e p r e c e ssi on di dn ot t a ke p la c e i n 1 8 00ye a r s,but i n 2 1 6 0
;
1 8 00+3 6 0=2 1 6 0. Th e c yle swe r e li ke me n ,a n ddi e dofolda ge . Th e c yc le ofEn oc h n ot be i n g
fi n i sh e d,h e wa st a ke n up t oh e a ve n ,but di dn ot di e . I n e ve r yp a r t oft h i smyt h oswe se e p r oofs
t h a t ,li ke most ot h e r syst e msoft h i ski n d,i t wa sma de up bye xp e di e n t sfr omt i me t ot i me ,a sc i r -
c umst a n c e sc a lle dfor t h e m. Th e fi r st e r r or sr e sp e c t i n gt h e t r ue le n gt h oft h e
. c yc le s,a n dt h e i r
subse q ue n t i mp r ove me n t s,r e n de r e dt h i sa n e c e ssa r yc on se q ue n c e
. Th e Ar a bi a n sc a lle dEn oc h
Edr i s, a n dsa yt h a t Edr i swa st h e sa me a sEli ja h ,wh odi dn ot di e
. An dt h e Ar a bi a n sa n dt h e
Je wsa lsoh a da t r a di t i on ,t h a t Ph i n e h a s,t h e son ofEle a z a r ,r e vi ve di n Eli ja h . 3 Th ust h e Je wi sh
a n dAr a bi a n t r a di t i on sun i t e En oc h a n dEli ja h ,a n dEli ja h a n dPh i n e h a s,byc or r e c t r e n e we di n c a r -
n a t i on s
; a n dI sup p ose e ve r yon e wh or e a dst h i swi llr e c olle c t ,t h a t t h e Je wsa r e sa i dt oh a ve be -
li e ve dJe sust obe Eli ja h . 4
Je susde c la r e st h a t Joh n Ba p t i st c a me i n t h e S PI RI T a n dp owe r of
Eli ja h .
3
Th e se c i r c umst a n c e sh a ve a t le a st a st r on gt e n de n c y
t op r ove ,i ft h e ydon ot r e a llyp r ove ,
t h a t t h e Hi n doodoc t r i n e ofr e n e we di n c a r n a t i on wa st h e e sot e r i c r e li gi on oft h e Je ws . Wh e n
Eli ja h we n t up t oh e a ve n h e le ft h i sc loa ka n dp r op h e t i c offi c e t oEli sh a ,or t o t h e La mbofGod. 6
Th e Ar a bi a n ssa yt h a t Eli ja h wa st h e sa me wi t h En oc h a n dPh i n e h a s,wh owa st h e sa me wi t h a
p e r son c a lle dbyt h e mAl-C h ode r
. But Al-C h ode r si gn i fi e sa Pa lm-t r e e . I n S a n sc r i t AlC h odi s
Asi a t . Re s. Vol . X . p . 1 1 9 .

2
C on n e c . B . i .

3 S e e Hot t i n ge r de Moh a me di sGe n e a logi a

.
* Ma r kvi i i . 2 8 .

s
Ma t t . xi
. 1 0,1 4 .
e I n a fut ur e p a ge I sh a llsh e w,t h a t t h i sc loa ki st h e Pa lli umoft h e Romi sh c h ur c h ,byt h e i n ve st i t ur e wi t h wh i c h t h e
Pop e si n fuse da p or t i on oft h e HolyGh ost i n t ot h e i r Bi sh op s . Wi t h out t h e i n ve st i t ur e t h e r e wa sn obi sh op .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 2

1 9 9
God, t
a si t i si n En gli sh . ` 1
Th us,t h e n ,a c c or di n gt ot h e Ar a bi a n t r a di t i on s,He n oc h wa st h e sa me

wi t h Eli ja h ,a n dEli ja h wi t h Ph i n e h a s
. But a llt h e se t h r e e we r e t h e sa me wi t h Al-C h ode r ,'t h a t i s,
" o4 Po7 vs~, p a lma . "
Th i sAl-C h ode r i ssa i dt oh a ve flour i sh e da t t h e sa me t i me wi t h a c e r t a i n
4 p h r i dun
wh i c h si gn i fi e d o
c Asvi Z,
a vi s
. 2
We h a ve n ot i n q ui r e dr e sp e c t i n gt h e bi r t h -p la c e oft h i s
c e le br a t e dbi r d
. Luc i a n sa yswh a t we mi gh t e xp e c t ,t h a t i t i sa n I n di a n bi r d,
'oi vi ~ To I i 'i xov
o? ye ov
.
But t h e I r i sh h a ve i t i n Ph e n n ,a n dPh e n n i sc h e
. 3
Th e a n n usma gn us
of
t h e a n c i e n t swa sa subje c t ofve r yge n e r a lsp e c ula t i on a mon gt h e Gr e e ks
a n dRoma n s,but n ot on e oft h e mse e mst oh a ve susp e c t e dt h e sa c r umn ome n ,c ogn ome n ,e t ome n ,
ofMa r t i a n usC a p e lla
. S e ve r a loft h e ma dmi t t h a t byt h e Ph oe n i xt h i sp e r i odwa sme a n t ,or a t
le a st t h a t i t sli fe wa st h e le n gt h oft h e gr e a t ye a r
. Fr omt h i sI c on c lude t h a t ,a si t wa swe llkn own
t oMa r t i a n usC a p e lla ,i t must h a ve be e n a se c r e t kn own on lyt ot h e i n i t i a t e d
. S oli n ussa ys,i t i sa
t h i n gwe llkn own t oa llt h e wor ld,t h a t t h e gr a n dye a r t e r mi n a t e sa t t h e sa me t i me a st h e li fe oft h e
Ph oe n i x
.
4
Th i si sc on fi r me dbyMa n i li usa n dPli n y
. 5
Ge or ge S yn c e llussa ys,t h a t t h e Ph oe n i xwh i c h a p p e a r e di n Egyp t ,i n t h e r e i gn ofC la udi us,h a d
be e n se e n i n t h e sa me c oun t r y
6 5 4
ye a r sbe for e . On t h i sLa r c h e r sa ys,
" Th i sp r e t e n de dPh oe n i x

a p p e a r e dt h e se ve n t h ye a r oft h e r e i gn ofC la udi us,t h e ye a r

8 00 ofRome ,a n dt h e 4 7 t h ye a r of
our ; e r a .
I fwe t a ke fr omS 00t h e sumof6 5 4 ,
wh i c h i st h e dur i a t i on ofli fe oft h i sbi r d,a c c or d-
"
i n gt ot h i sc h r on ogr a p h e r ,we sh a llh a ve for t h e t i me ofi t s
p r e c e di n g a p p a r i t i on t h e ye a r 1 4 6 of
"
t h e foun da t i on ofRome ,wh i c h a n swe r st ot h e ye a r
6 08
be for e our ; e r a . "
6
I t i ssur e lya ve r y
e xt r a or di n a r y
a c c i de n t
t h a t sh ouldma ke t h e le a r n e dLa r c h e r 'sc a lc ula t i on e xa c t lya gr e e wi t h t h e
t e r mofon e oft h e gr e a t Ne r ose s,wh i c h t h i sbi r d'sn a me me a n s
; a n da lso,t h a t t h e ot h e r t e r m
1 4 7 ofour a
e r a ,sh ould,wi t h i n on e ye a r ,be t h e t e r moft h e si xla st wh ole Ne r ose sofS h e m,fr omt h e
flood :
6 x6 08 =3 6 4 8 -
De duc t on e Ne r os,t h us, 3 6 4 8 -6 08 =3 04 0=5
Ne r ose s . We must r e c olle c t
t h a t t h e Ne r osofS h e m,i n t h e t i me oft h e flood,wa sp a r t lybe for e t h e flooda n dp a r t lya ft e r wa r d,
sot h e on e sp oke n ofmi gh t be sa i dt obe e i t h e r t h e fi ft h or t h e si xt h fr omt h e flood
. Fa be r sa ys,
"
some t i me st h e Ph oe n i xi ssa i dt oli ve
6 00,
some t i me s4 6 0,a n dsome t i me s 3 4 0 ye a r s
. 1 1 7
We wi lln owr e t ur n t ot h e c yc le s
. I be for e st a t e dt h a t I susp e c t e dt h e fi r st e n de dwi t h t h e
bi r t h ofEn oc h
. Th e se c on de n de dwi t h t h e bi r t h ofNoa h
. Th e t h i r de n de dwi t h Noa h le a vi n g
t h e a r k,wh e n h e wa s
6 00
ye a r sold
. Th e four t h e n de da bout t h e t i me ofAbr a h a m,a n dwa sp r o-
ba blyI sa a c ,wh ose n a me ma yme a n
joy,
gla dn e ss,la ugh t e r , a n dwh owa ssoc a lle dbe c a use h e wa s
t h e sa vi our ,n ot be c a use h i smot h e r la ugh e da t God
.
s
Th e wor dI sh a lle xp la i n i n a fut ur e p a ge ,
wh e n I t r e a t oft h e Je ws
. An dh e r e i t ma ybe obse r ve d,t h a t i n t h e c on duc t oft h i sc ur i oussyst e m,
i fI c or r e c t lyde ve lop i t ,t h e i n c a r n a t i on sough t n ot t oc oi n c i de e xa c t lywi t h t h e be gi n n i n gofa
c yc le
;
be c a use ,t h ough t h e p r i e st sc ouldr e gula t e t h e da t e soflon g-p a st e ve n t s,t h e yc ouldn ot so

Al-C h ode r i st h e S yr i a n a n dRa jp oot OD

on lya sp i r a t e d,a n dwi t h t h e Ar a bi c e mp h a t i c a r t i c le
AL . Wh e n t h e Budd-
h i st sa ddr e sst h e S up r e me Be i n gor Buddh a ,t h e yuse t h e wor d
AD, wh i c h me a n s t h e fi r st . Th i si se xa c t lyon e me a n i n g
oft h e fi r st wor dofGe n e si s
. He r e we h a ve t h e fi r st
a n dWi sdom,(C ol. Tod,)a si n Ge n e si s. -Buddh a ,Wi sdom,i s
c a lle dAd,
t h e fi r st .
s
S i r W
. Dr ummon d,C la ss. Jour n . ,Vol
. X V . p p . 1 2 ,1 3 .

I n t h e I r i sh Tr i n i t yc a lle dTa uloc

PHENN Molloc h ,t h e Mi ddle ,or S a vi our ,i st h e Pbe n n ,6 00
.

S oli n i Polyh i st or
. C a p . xxxvi . ,Ed. S a lma s .
s
Hi st
. Na t . Li b . x . C a p . i i . ,a n dMe m . Ac a d . Pa r i s,An
. 1 8 1 5 ,i n a t r e a t i se by'La r c h e r .

6 I bi d .
Or i g. Pa g
. I dol. Vol . 1 . p . 1 4 7 .
s
Th e e xot e r i c r e a son gi ve n t ot h e de vot e e sofJude a ,a n d,a si t a p p e a r sfr omt h e i r be i n gsa t i sfi e dwi t h i t ,sui t a ble t o
t h e i r un de r st a n di n gs,a si t h a sh i t h e r t obe e n t ot h e un de r st a n di n gsof-t h e de vot e e sofLon don
; but t h e i n h a bi t a n t sof
t h e la t t e r a r e fa st out gr owi n g,wh e n li t e r a llyun de r st ood,suc h n on se n se ,-a t le a st t h e ya r e i n S t
. Gi le s's,wh a t e ve r t h e y
ma ybe i n La mbe t h a n dS t
. Ja me s's .
2 00
Je wi sh I n c a r n a t i on s
e a si lyr e gula t e t h e bi r t h sor de a t h sofi n di vi dua ls,e n t e r e dmost c a r e fully
i n
p ubli c r e gi st e r s,-fa c t s
wh i c h must h a ve be e n r e me mbe r e dbyfa mi li e s,-but e ve n t s,suc h a st h e a r r i va loft h e a r ka t S h i loh ,
wouldbe e a si lyswe lle di n t oi mp or t a n c e ,a n dr e gula t e da lsoa st oi t sda t e ,t oma ke i t sui t . I n t h e
c our se ofa ve r yfe wye a r st h e a c t ua lda t e ofsuc h a n e ve n t wouldbe for got t e n ,a n dmi gh t be a d-
va n c e dor r e t a r de da fe wye a r st osui t t h e oc c a si on . I t i se vi de n t a lso,t h a t i t i son lysome e ve n t s
oft h i ski n dwh i c h c ouldbe r e gula t e d . For e xa mp le t h e goi n gout ofAbr a h a mmust be di ffi c ult t o
r e c on c i le ,i fi t we r e wi sh e d,wh i c h i t p r oba blywa sn ot
. Th i sgoi n gout I sh a llbya n dbye xp la i n ,
a n dsh e wi t st r ut h
. Allt h i si sp e r fe c t lyc on si st e n t i ft h e r e we r e suc h p e r son sa sI sa a c ,&c . ,t h e
sup p ose di n c a r n a t i on s,a sI sh a llsh e wt h e r e we r e -p e r son swh oh a dt h ose p e c uli a r n a me sgi ve n t o
t h e m,be c a use t h e ywe r e sup p ose dt obe i n c a r n a t i on s . Th e me a n i n goft h e a ge sofma n i n t h e
Je wi sh books,a n dt h e le n gt h soft i me wh i c h e ve n t st ooki n p a ssi n g,I don ot un de r st a n d ; but I
h a ve n odoubt t h e yh a da myt h ologi c a lor fi gur a t i ve me a n i n g,or c on c e a le dsome doc t r i n e s . To
sup p ose t h a t a syst e mofc h r on ologywa sr e a llyme a n t ,i st osup p ose t h e wr i t e r soft h e booksi n c a -
p a ble ofa ddi n ga n dsubt r a c t i n g,wh i c h a n yon e must be c on vi n c e dofi n a mome n t bylooki n gi n t o
Voln e y'sRe se a r c h e si n t oAn c i e n t Hi st or y,wh e r e t h e i r a r i t h me t i c a l i n c on si st e n c ywi t h on e a n ot h e r
i ssh e wn .
I t wa st h e be li e ft h a t some gr e a t p e r son a ge woulda p p e a r i n e ve r yc yc le ,a st h e S i bylli n e ve r se s
p r ove ;
but i t wa se vi de n t lyi mp ossi ble t oma ke t h e bi r t h ofgr e a t me n c oi n c i de wi t h t h e bi r t h of
t h e c yc le .
But wh e n i t wa sde si r a ble t ofoun dp owe r up on t h e be li e ft h a t a li vi n gp e r son wa st h e
h e r ooft h e c yc le ,i t i sn a t ur a lt oe xp e c t t h a t t h e a t t e mp t sh ouldh a ve be e n ma de ,a swa st h e c a se
wi t h t h e ve r se sofVi r gi la n dot h e r s,a sI sh a llh e r e a ft e r sh e w . Th i sgr e a t p e r son i s,a c c or di n gt o
Mr
. Pa r kh ur st ,t h e t yp e ofa fut ur e sa vi our .
Th e fi ft h Je wi sh c yc le mi gh t e n dwh e n t h e S a ma r i t a n ssa yt h e p r op h e c yofJa c obwa sve r i fi e d,
t h a t i s,wh e n Ose e ,e xp r e sslyc a lle dt h e Me ssi a h or S a vi our -Josh ua or Je sus-br ough t t h e a r kt o
S h i loh
. Th e ve r si on sva r ymor e t h a n 2 00ye a r sr e sp e c t i n gt h e t i me ofAbr a h a m'sst a yi n C a n a a n
a n dt h e r e si de n c e oft h e I sr a e li t e si n Egyp t
; sot h a t t h e c h r on ologyfur n i sh e sn oobje c t i on . Th e
la n gua ge oft h e p r op h e c yofJa c obt oJuda h ,t h a t a La wgi ve r sh ouldn ot p a ssfr ombe n e a t h h i sfe e t
t i llS h i loh sh ouldc ome ,h a sbe e n a subje c t ofmuc h di sp ut e
. Dr . Ge dde sa n dot h e r sma i n t a i n ,t h a t
i t i sn op r op h e c y,but C h r i st i a n si n ge n e r a lc on si de r i t t obe on e . Th e S a ma r i t a n si n si st t h a t i t i s
a p r op h e c y,a n dt h a t i t wa sfulfi lle di n t h e son of
Nun , Ose e ,c a lle dp r op e r lyJe susor t h e S a vi our ,
a n di mp r op e r ly
Josh ua , on h i sbr i n gi n gt h e a r kt oS h i loh ,a sr e ma r ke da bove . S i r Wi lli a mDr um-
mon dh a ssh e wn ,i n a most i n ge n i ousa n dc on vi n c i n gma n n e r ,i n h i sEdi p usJuda i c us,h owt h i s
p r op h e c yi sde p i c t e don t h e sp h e r e
.
Th e si xt h i n c a r n a t i on I wi lln ot a t t e mp t t on a me . Th e Je ws,li ke t h e Hi n doos,h a dma n y
sa vi our sor i n c a r n a t i on s,or p e r son swh oa t di ffe r e n t t i me swe r e t h ough t t obe i n sp i r e d,or t obe
p e r son si n wh oma p or t i on ofdi vi n e wi sdomwa si n c a r n a t e . Th i sma ke si t di ffi c ult t ofi x
up on t h e r i gh t p e r son . Mi gh t n ot S a mson be on e oft h e m ? He wa sa n i n c a r n a t i on ,a swe sh a ll
soon se e
.
Th e n e xt c yc le must be ,I t h i n k,t h a t ofEli a s, (`H%i oc ) or Eli ja h ,
i n ,
5 m a l-i e u, or Godt h e Lor d,
a c c or di n gt oC a lme t a n dC r ude n ,but I sh ouldsa y,
Godt h e se lf-e xi st e n t ;
t h a t i s,i t me a n st osa y,
a n i n c a r n a t i on or i n sp i r a t i on of`HTuogor
t h e God,t i p i e u, t h e I AO
oft h e Gr e e ks,or t h e sola r
p owe r . I He le ft h i sp r op h e t i c p owe r t oEli sh a ,wh i c h C r ude n a n dC a lme t sa yme a n s t h e La mb
ofGod .
I t se e msfr omt h e He br e wwor ds,wh e n t h e yc ome t obe t r a n sla t e di n t oEn gli sh ,t h a t t h e se
' I t i sc ur i oust oobse r ve n umbe r sofc h ur c h e si n Gr e e c e de di c a t e dt oS t . Eli i a s,wh i c h h a ve for me r lybe e n t e mp le sof
t h e sun ,
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 2

2 01
booksmust h a ve be e n e sot e r i c ,i . e . se c r e t wr i t i n gs,kn own on lyt ot h e c h i e fp r i e st s,p r oba blyfi r st
e xp ose dt ot h e p ubli c e ye byPt ole myPh i la de lp h us,2 4 6 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,wh e n h e c a use dt h e
Pe n t a t e uc h t obe t r a n sla t e d . Th e e xp la n a t i on ma de byEz r a ofsuc h p a r t soft h e booka sh e
t h ough t p r op e r a t t h e ga t e oft h e t e mp le ,or t h e r e a di n gofi t t ot h e goodki n gJosi a s,mi li t a t e s
n ot h i n ga ga i n st t h i sh yp ot h e si s . I fe e lli t t le doubt t h a t t h e p ubli c a t i on oft h e Je wi sh wr i t i n gs
wa sfor c e d, a st h e Je wssa y, byPt ole my,a n dt ot h a t p ubli c a t i on ,I t h i n k,we a r e i n de bt e dfor
t h e m ; for ,a ft e r t h e ywe r e on c e t r a n sla t e da n dp ubli sh e d,t h e r e wouldbe n olon ge r a n yuse i n
ke e p i n gt h e mloc ke dup i n t h e t e mp le ,a n dc op i e soft h e or i gi n a lwouldbe mult i p li e d
. At t h e
Ba bylon i sh c a p t i vi t yt h e ywe r e n ot de st r oye d,be c a use t h e de sola t i on ofPa le st i n e h a p p e n e da t
t wodi ffe r e n t p e r i ods
;
sot h a t on e p a r t oft h e p e op le p r e se r ve dt h e sa c r e dbooki n t h e i r t e mp le ,
wh e n a llwa sbur n t i n t h e t e mp le oft h e ot h e r . Wh e n C a mbyse ssa c ke dEgyp t ,a llwa sde st r oye d
i n a mome n t ,e xc e p t t h e obe li sc a lp i lla r s,wh i c h we r e le ft ,a n dsome ofwh i c h a r e st a n di n gye t ,
p a r t i c ula r lyt h e fi n e st oft h e ma lla t He li op oli s .
Oft h e He r ooft h e e i gh t h a ge i t i s sa i di n our ve r si on , Th us sa i t h t h e Lor dt oh i sa n oi n t e d, Hi s
MES S I AH, t oC yr us,wh ose r i gh t h a n dI h a ve h olde n t osubdue n a t i on s. i He r e I be gi t ma ybe
obse r ve dt h a t i fp e r son sdoubt t h e e xi st e n c e ofJosh ua or Abr a h a m,t h e yc a n n ot we lldoubt t h e
e xi st e n c e ofC yr us . Th i sobse r va t i on wi ll be foun dofi mp or t a n c e h e r e a ft e r
. Th e e i gh t h p e r i od
be ga n a bout t h e Ba bylon i sh c a p t i vi t y,a bout 6 00ye a r sbe for e C h r i st . Th e n i n t h be ga n ,a st h e
S i a me se sa y,wi t h Je susC h r i st ,ma ki n gi n a lle i gh t c yc le sbe for e C h r i st .
I don ot c la i mt obe t h e fi r st wh oh a sobse r ve dt h e r e n e wa lofi n c a r n a t i on sa mon gt h e Je ws,
n or c a n I de se r ve t h e wh ole oft h e r i di c ule wh i c h wi llbe la vi sh e dbyt h e p r i e st sup on t h e doc -
t r i n e ,be c a use t h e yc a n n ot r e fut e i t
. I le a r n fr omt h e C la ssi c a lJour n a l,
2
t h a t t h e Re v. Mr . Fa be r
be li e ve d
MELC HI ZEDEK
t obe a n i n c a r n a t i on oft h e S on ofGod. Mr . Fa be r sa ys, " I t wa sc on -

t e n de dt h a t e ve r y e xt r a or di n a r y p e r son a ge ,wh ose offi c e wa st or e c la i mor t op un i sh ma n ki n d,

wa sa n a va t a r or de sc e n t oft h e Godh e a d . "Aga i n , " Ada m,a n dEn oc h ,a n dNoa h ,mi gh t i n

" out wa r da p p e a r a n c e be
di ffe r e n t me n ,but t h e ywe r e r e a llyt h e se lfsa me di vi n e p e r son wh oh a d
"
be e n p r omi se da st h e se e doft h e woma n ,suc c e ssi ve lya n i ma t i n gva r i oush uma n bodi e s . " 3
Fr omt h e bla c kC r i st n a br ui si n gt h e h e a doft h e se r p e n t ,a n dt h e c i r c umst a n c e soft h e t womyt h ose s
be i n gsoe vi de n t lyt h e sa me ,t h e r e se e msn ot h i n gi n c on si st e n t i n t h i s
. Th e r e n e we dsola r i n c a r -
n a t i on ,e ve r y6 00ye a r s,se e msp r e t t yc le a r
. Th e fa c t ofa r e n e we di n c a r n a t i on c ouldn ot e sc a p e
Mr . Fa be r
; h i smode ofa c c oun t i n gfor i t i sa di ffe r e n t ma t t e r ; but I be gle a ve t oa dd,t h a t I
must n ot be a c c use dbyt h e p r i e st sofbe i n gfa n c i fuli n t h i si n st a n c e ,si n c e t h e i r gr e a t or a c le ,t h e
ve r yle a r n e dMr
. Fa be r ,h a dst a t e di t p r e vi ously
. Alt h ough t h e a ut h or ofNi mr oddoe sn ot a p -
p e a r t oh a ve t h e le a st i de a ofwh a t I c on c e i ve t obe t h e t r ue syst e m,ye t t h e i de a ofa c yc le i n t h e
h i st or yofNoa h for c i blyoc c ur r e dt oh i m . He
sa yst h e four t h i n or de r fr omNoa h ,wi t h wh omt h i s
p r e se n t c yc le ,or syst e m,oft h e wor ldc omme n c e d,
4
C ol
. Fr a n kli n ,i n h i st r e a t i se on t h e Je yn e sa n dBuddh i st s,sa ys,
" Fi r st
Bood'h ,t h e se lf-e xi st -

i n g, S wa ya mBi i uva , wh ose out a r

or p e r i odoft i me c omme n c e d4 002 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,or ,

a c c or di n gt ot h e fi c t i t i ousc a lc ula t i on soft h e Hi n doos,3 ,8 9 1 ,1 02 :

h e e n de dh i smor t a lc a r e e r

wh e n t h e t h r e e fi r st a ge swe r e c omp le t e ,or ,a gr e e a ble t ot h e Hi n dooc omp ut a t i on ,dur i n gt h e

c omme n c e me n t oft h e four t h a ge . " 5

He r e i se vi de n t lya p r oofoft h e t r ut h ofmyt h e or y,
t h ough c on c e a le dun de r a myt h os
. He r e i st h e fi r st e q ui n oc t i a lAva t a r Buddh a ,e n di n gwh e n
t h e sun e n t e r sAr i e s,a ft e r t h r e e Ne r ose sor a ge s,a c c or di n gt ot h e Br a h mi n s,wh e n C r i st n a be gi n s
.
I I sa i a h xlv.
1 .

s
Vol. X I X .
P
. 7 2
.

3
Fa b . Or i g. Pa g
. I dol. Vol. I I I . p p . 6 1 2 ,6 1 3 .
4 Vol . I
. P .
7 .

s
P. 1 7 2 .
2 02
Mi lle n i um
. Pr i t e h a r da n dPla t o
C ol. Fr a n kli n sa ys,t h e Ava t a r e n de d dur i n gt h e c omme n c e me n t
oft h e four t h a ge . He wa sobli ge d
t ouse t h i sn on se n si c a lmode ofe xp r e ssi on ,be c a use i t wouldn ot fi t t ot h e e n doft h e t h i r dor t h e
be gi n n i n goft h e four t h a ge .
I t e n de di n t h e mi ddle oft h e four t h a ge . Th i sa r i se sfr omc on -
foun di n gt h e e q ui n oc t i a lc yc le wi t h t h e Ne r os,wh i c h C ol
. Fr a n kli n di dn ot un de r st a n d . He h a d
a sli gh t gli mp se oft h e t wosyst e msofc yc le s,but di dn ot se e t h a t t h e r e we r e t woc yc le sr un n i n g,
but n ot e xa c t ly p a r i p a ssu .
3 . I sh a lln owe n de a vour t ode mon st r a t e t h e e xi st e n c e oft h e c yc le of6 00or 6 000a mon gt h e
We st e r n n a t i on s . C ol
. Wi lfor dh a ssh e wn t h a t t h e Buddh a sa n dBr a h mi n swe r e we llkn own a n d
di st i n gui sh e dfr ome a c h ot h e r byS t r a bo,Ph i lost r a t us,Pli n y,Por p h yr y,&c
. I Th e a lt e r n a t e de -
st r uc t i on oft h e wor ldbyfi r e a n dwa t e r wa st a ugh t byPla t o
. I n h i sTi ma e ush e sa ys,t h a t t h e
st or yofPh a e t on 'sbur n i n gt h e wor ldh a sr e fe r e n c e t oa gr e a t di ssolut i on of a ll t h i n gson t h e e a r t h ,
byfi r e .
Ga le 2 sh e wst h a t t h e Je ws,a swe lla sPla t o,ma i n t a i n e dt h a t t h e wor ldwouldbe de -
st r oye da t t h e e n dof6 000ye a r s ; t h a t t h e n t h e da yofjudgme n t wouldc ome
: ma n i fe st lyt h e
Je wi sh a n dC h r i st i a n Mi lle n i um .
On t h i ssubje c t Pla t osa ys, "
Wh e n t h e t i me ofa llt h e se t h i n gsi sfull,a n dt h e c h a n ge i sn e e d-
"
ful,a n de ve r yki n dup on t h e e a r t h i se xh a ust e d,e a c h soulh a vi n ggi ve n out a ll i t sge n e r a t i on s,
" a n dh a vi n gsh e dup on t h e e a r t h a sma n yse e dsa swe r e a p p oi n t e dun t oi t ,t h e n dot h t h e p i lot of
"
t h e un i ve r se ,a ba n don i n gt h e r udde r oft h e h e lm,r e t ur n t oh i sse a t ofc i r c umsp e c t i on ,a n dt h e
"
wor ldi st ur n e dba c kbyfa t e a n di t sown i n n a t e c on c up i sc e n c e
. At t h a t t i me a lsot h e Gods,
" wh oa c t i n p a r t i c ula r p la c e sa sc olle a gue soft h e sup r e me Dwn i on ,be i n ga wa r e oft h a t wh i c h i s
" c omi n gt op a ss,di smi ssfr omt h e i r c a r e t h e se ve r a lp a r t soft h e wor ld . Th e wor ldi t se lf be i n g
"t ur n e d
a wr y, a n dfa lli n gi n t oc olli si on ,a n dfollowi n gi n ve r se lyt h e c our se ofbe gi n n i n ga n de n d,
"
a n dh a vi n ga gr e a t c on c ussi on wi t h i n i t se lf,ma ke sa n ot h e r de st r uc t i on ofa llli vi n gt h i n gs
. But
"
i n due p r oc e ssoft i me i t i sse t fr e e fr omt umult ,a n dc on fusi on ,a n dc on c ussi on ,a n dobt a i n e t h a
c a lm,a n dt h e n be i n gse t i n or de r ,r e t ur n e t h i n t oi t sp r i st i n e c our se ,&c
:' 3
Ni mr odt h e n
a dds,
"a swe fa r t h e r le a r n fr omVi r gi l,t h a t t h e n e xt r e n ova t i on oft h e wor ldwi llbe followe dby
"
t h e Tr oja n wa r -I don ot t h i n kt h a t mor e wor dsa r e n e c e ssa r yi n or de r t oe vi n c e t h a t t h e I li on
"
ofHome r i st h e Ba be lofMose s . " C i c e r osa ys, 4 " Tur n e ffi c i t ur ,c umsoli se t lun ge ,e t
"
q ui n q ue e r r a n t i uma de un de mi n t e r se c omp a r a t i on e mc on fe c t i somn i umsp a c i i s,e st fa c t a c on -

ve r si o . " An dC la vi us,C a p . i
. ,sa ys, " S p h a e r a e q uot e mp or e q ui da mvolun t omn i a q ua e c un q ue
" i n mun dosun t ,e ode mor di n e e sse r e di t ur a ,q uon un c c e r n un t ur . "
Th e doc t r i n e oft h e r e n e wa lofwor ldsh a sbe e n we llt r e a t e dbyDr . Pr i t c h a r d . 5 He sh e wst h a t
t h e dogma wa sc ommon t ose ve r a loft h e e a r lyse c t sofp h i losop h e r si n Gr e e c e
;
6
t h a t t r a c e sofi t
a r e foun di n t h e r e ma i n sofOr p h e us ; t h a t i t wa sa fa vour i t e Doc t r i n e oft h e S t oi c s,a n dwa sr e -
ga r de da son e oft h e p e c uli a r t e n e t soft h a t sc h ool
; a n dt h a t we a r e i n de bt e dc h i e flyt ot h e i r
wr i t i n gsfor wh a t we kn owoft h i sa n c i e n t p h i losop h y
. But a lt h ough t h e suc c e ssi ve c a t a st r op h e s
a r e sh e wn t oh a ve be e n most e vi de n t lyh e ldbyt h e m,ye t ,fr omt h e doc t or 'sa c c oun t ,i t i sve r y
c le a r t h a t t h e ywe r e n ot ge n e r a llyun de r st ood ;
some p h i losop h e r sde sc r i bi n gt h e c a t a st r op h e st o
h a ve t a ke n p la c e i n on e wa y,some i n a n ot h e r
; some bywa t e r ,some byfi r e ,a n dsome bybot h
a lt e r n a t e ly . "
S e n e c a ,t h e t r a ge di a n ,t e a c h e st h a t a llc r e a t e dbe i n gsa r e t obe de st r oye d,or r e -
"
solve di n t ot h e un t r e a t e de sse n c e oft h e di vi n i t y
; "a n d " Plut a r c h ma ke st h e S t oi c C le a n t h e s

de c la r e t h a t t h e moon ,t h e st a r s,a n dt h e sun wi llp e r i sh ,a n dt h a t t h e c e le st i a le t h e r ,wh i c h ,

' Asi a t . Re s . Vol . I X . p . 2 9 8 .

2 C our t Ge n t
. Vol. I
. B . i i i . C h . vi i . S e c t . i i i . v .
3
Pla t . Poli t . p . 3 7 . a p udNi mr od,Vol
. I . p . 5 1 1 .

* De Na t . De or .
5
An a l
. ofEgyp t . Myt h . p .
1 7 8 .

8
S e e Li p si usde Ph ysi ol . S t oi c . Di sse r t . 2 .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I I
. S e c t i on 3
2 03
" a c c or di n gt ot h e S t oi c s,wa st h e subst a n c e oft h e De i t y,wi llc on ve r t a llt h i n gsi n t oi t sown

n a t ur e ,or a ssi mi la t e t h e mt oi t se lf . '

An dS e n e c a c omp a r e st h e se lf-c on fi de n c e oft h e p h i -

losop h e r t ot h e i n sula t e dh a p p i n e ssofJup i t e r ,wh o,a ft e r t h e wor ldh a sme lt e da wa y,a n dt h e

godsa r e r e solve di n t oon e e sse n c e ,wh e n t h e op e r a t i on sofn a t ur e c e a se ,wi t h dr a wsh i mse lffor
a wh i le i n t oh i sown t h ough t s,a n dr e p ose si n t h e c on t e mp la t i on ofh i sown p e r fe c t i on s
. " 2 Th e
Doc t or ske wst h a t t h e sa me t h i n gwa sa ffi r me dbyC h r ysi p p us,Ze n o,a n dC le a n t h e s
; a n dwe fi n d
p a ssa ge ssi mi la r t ot h e for e goi n gc i t e dbyC i c e r o, 3 Nume n i us, 4 Ph i loJudt e us, 5
a n dma n yot h e r s .
I t h i n ki n t h e a c c oun t gi ve n a bove ofJup i t e r fr omS e n e c a ,we c a n n ot h e lp r e c ogn i si n gt h e Hi n doo
doc t r i n e -Br a h ma r e p osi n gon t h e gr e a t a byss . Aft e r t h i s,t h e Doc t or goe son t ost a t e
6 t h e
op i n i on sofNume n i us,C e n sor i n us,C a ssa n de r ,&c . ,a st ot h e a lt e r n a t i on fr omh e a t t oc old,a n dt h e
le n gt h oft h e p e r i ods,i n wh i c h t h e ya lldi sa gr e e ; but e n ough c ome sout ,I t h i n k,t osh e wt h a t t h e y
we r e a llc on n e c t e d" wi t h t h e r e volut i on oft h e a n n usma gn us,or gr e a t ye a r ,"a n dmust h a ve
or i gi n a llyc ome fr omt h e Ea st ,wh e r e t h e doc t r i n e oft h e c h a n ge i n t h e a n gle wh i c h t h e p la n e of
t h e e c li p t i c ma ke swi t h t h e p la n e oft h e e q ua t or wa swe llun de r st ood, 7 a n dwh e n c e i t p r oba blyc a me
t ot h e Gr e e ks . Th e wor dsofPla t o,c i t e da bove , be i n g,t ur n e d a wr y, a r e a llusi ve t ot h i s
. I t wa s
c a lle dAo~i a g,un le ss
AoEi a g
wa sa p p li e dt ot h e e lli p t i c or bi t s,ofwh i c h I h a ve some susp i c i on . I t
i sve r yc e r t a i n t h a t i fi t be t r ue t h a t t h i sc h a n ge i n t h e a n gle dot a ke p la c e ,some t h i n gve r yli ke
t h e a lt e r n a t i on sfr omh e a t t oc old,a n dc oldt oh e a t ,i n c e r t a i n lon gp e r i ods,must h a p p e n
: a n d
p a r a doxi c a la sma n yofmyr e a de r sma yt h i n kme ,ye t I ve r ymuc h susp e c t t h a t i ft h e a n gle do
i n c r e a se a n dde c r e a se a sjust me n t i on e d,a n dt h e r a c e ofma n sh ouldsolon gc on t i n ue ,e vi lsve r y
li ke t h ose a bove de sc r i be dmust be e xp e r i e n c e d .
"
I n t h e S ur ya -S i dh a n t a ,Me ya ,t h e gr e a t a st r on ome r ,h a sst a t e dt h e obli q ui t yoft h e e c li p t i c
"i n h i st i me a t 2 4 ,sfr omwh e n c e Mr
. S . Da vi sc omp ut e d,t h a t sup p osi n gt h e obli q ui t yoft h e
"
e c li p t i c t oh a ve be e n a c c ur a t e lyobse r ve dbyt h e a n c i e n t Hi n dusa t 2 4 0, a n dt h a t i t sde c r e a se
"
h a dbe e n fr omt h a t t i me h a lfa se c on da ye a r ,t h e a ge or da t e oft h e S ur ya -S i dh a n t a (i n 1 7 8 9 )
"wouldbe 3 8 4 0ye a r s
;
t h e r e for e Me ya must h a ve li ve da bout t h e ye a r 1 9 5 6 oft h e c r e a t i on
. " 9
I t a p p e a r sfr omt h e p r e c e di n gse n t e n c e t h a t Me ya 'ssyst e mdi ffe r smuc h fr omt h e olde r Pur a n a s .
Hi sbe gi n sfr omt h e mome n t t h e sun e n t e r sAr i e si n t h e Hi n doosp h e r e ,a sMr . Da vi ssa ys,
"
wh i c h c i r c umst a n c e sa lon e must for ma st r i ki n gdi ffe r e n c e be t we e n i t a n dt h e Pur a n i c syst e m . " 1 0
I a mn ot suffi c i e n t lyski lle di n a st r on omyt osp e a k POS I TI VELY up on t h e subje c t ,but I sh ould
t h i n kt h a t t h e r e duc t i on t on ot h i n goft h e a n gle wh i c h t h e e c li p t i c ma ke st ot h e e q ua t or ,t h a t i s,
t h e c oi n c i de n c e oft h e e q ua t or a n de c li p t i c ,wouldn e c e ssa r i lyc a use some ve r ygr e a t c h a n ge si n t h e
c i r c umst a n c e soft h e globe .
Th e de c r e a se oft h i sa n gle or obli q ui t ywe se e wa sc e r t a i n lykn own
byt h e c e le br a t e dBr a h mi n Me ya ,wh ofi xe si t i n h i st i me a t 2 4 . Th e kn owle dge oft h i sc h a n ge
ga ve r i se ,I t h i n k,t ot h e a lle gor yor myt h osoft h e flood . Th e e xt r a or di n a r yc h a n ge swh i c h h a ve
t a ke n p la c e a t di ffe r e n t a n dr e mot e a e r a sor lon gi n t e r va ls,i n t h e c r ust ofour globe ,c a n n ot p os-
si blybe de n i e d
. I t wa ssup p ose dt h a t t h e se we r e c a use dbyt h e c h a n ge i n t h e a n gle a bove a llude d
t o,a n dt h e myt lt osoft h e flooda n dsh i p fa st e n e dt ot h e p e a kofNa uba n da wa sfor me dt oa c c oun t
for i t t ot h e vulga r
. Th i swa sI t h i n kc on foun de dwi t h a n ot h e r flood,ofwh i c h I sh a llt r e a t
h e r e a ft e r
.
Plut
.

Y
S e n e c a ,Ep i st . i x.

3 De Na t . De or . Li b. i i .
4 Ap udEuse b
. Pr e p . Eva n g . Li b . xv .

5 De I mmor t a l
. Mun di .

6
P
. 1 8 3 .
7
Mr
. Pa r kh ur st h a ssh e wn (i n voc e n n w st e , vi .
P.
7 3 0)t h a t t h e de c li n a t i on oft h e p la n e oft h e e c li p t i c t ot h e p la n e
oft h e e q ua t or wa sa swe llkn own t ot h e a n c i e n t soft h e We st a si t i st ot h e mode r n s
.
s
An i n t e r e st i n ga c c oun t oft h e di sc ove r yoft h i sp h e n ome n on ma ybe se e n i n t h e p r e fa c e t oBla i r 'sC h r on ology .
9 Asi a t . Re s
. Vol. V. 4 t o,p . 3 2 9 .

1 0
I bi d.
2 04 Je wi sh a n dC h r i st i a n Aut h or s . Dr . Me de
4 . Th e followi n gJe wi sh a n dC h r i st i a n a ut h or i t i e swi llgofa r t oe st a bli sh wh a t I h a ve sa i dr e -
sp e c t i n gt h e a bove doc t r i n e s :
I t a e n i mle gi t ur i n Ge ma r a S a n h e dr i n ,Pe r e kC HELEJ . Di xi t R .
Ke t i n a , S e x a n n or ummi lli busst a t mun dus,e t un ova st a bi t ur : de q uodi c i t ur , ET EX ALTABI TUR
DoMI Nus S OLUS DI E I LLO. S e q ui t ur p a ulop ost ,
Tr a di t i oa dst i p ula t ur ,R . Ke t i n c e :si c ut e se p -
t e n i sa n n i sse p t i musq ui sq ue a n n usr e mi ssi on e se st
: i t a e se p t e m'mi lli busa n n or ummun di ,se p t i mus
mi lle n a r i usr e mi ssi on e se r i t : q ue ma dmodumdi c i t ur ,
I ET EX ALTABI TUR DOMI NUS S OLUS DI EI LLO.
Di c i t ur i t e m 2 PS ALMUS C ANTI C UM DE
DI E S ABBATI ; i de st , de di e q uot ot sq ui e se st . Di c i t ur
e t i a m 3 NAM MI LLEANN[I NOC ULI S TUI S VELUT DI ES HES TERNUS . Tr a di t i oDomusEli c e :S e x
mi lle a n n osdur a t mun dus
; bi smi lle a n n osi n a n i t a s,(se a va st i t a s
t -1 1 n
t ue u,)bi smi lle a n n i sle x
de n i q ue h i smi lle a n n i sdi e s C h r i st i . 4
Non e oft h e Fa t h e r sh a ve wr i t t e n mor e c le a r lyr e sp e c t i n gt h e
Mi lle n i umt h a n I r e n mus,a n dbe e xp r e sslyde c la r e st h a t ,a ft e r i t ,t h e wor ldsh a llbe de st r oye dby
fi r e , a n dt h a t t h e e a r t h sh a llbe ma de n e wa ft e r i t sc on flgr a t i on . 5 He r e i st h e a dmi ssi on oft h e
i de n t i c a lr e n e wa lofwor ldsh e ldbyt h e or i e n t a ln a t i on s . I r e n a e us, 6 Q uot q uot di e bush i e fa c t use st
mun dus,t ot e t mi lle n i sc on summa t ur
S i e n i mdi e sDomi n i q ua si mi lle a n n i ,i n se xa ut e m
di e busc on summa t a sun t q ua fa c t a sun t : ma n i fe st ume st ,q uon i a mc on summa t i oi sp or umse xt us
mi lle si n i usa n n use st . La c t a n t i us,
7
Q uon i a mse xdi e busc un c t a De i op e r a p e r fe c t a sun t : p e r se c ula
se x,i de st ,a n n or umse xmi lli a ,ma n e r e i n h oc st a t umun dumn e c e sse e st . Di e se n i mma gn usDe i
mi lle a n n or umc i r c ulot e r mi n a t ur Et ut De usse xi llosdi e si n t a n t i sr e busfa br i c a n di sla bor a -
vi t ,i t a e t r e li gi oe juse t ve r i t a si n h i sse xmi lli busa un or umla bor a r e n e c e sse e st ,ma li t i a p r oe va -
le n t e e t domi n a n t e . Me de 'swor ks,
s
wh e r e se ve r a lot h e r C h r i st i a n a ut h or i t i e sma ybe foun d .
S t . August i n h a da n i n di st i n c t vi e woft h e t r ue syst e m
. He sa ys,t h a t t h e fi ft h a ge i sfi n i sh e d,
t h a t we a r e i n t h e si xt h ,a n dt h a t t h e di ssolut i on ofa llt h i n gswi llh a p p e n i n t h e se ve n t h . 9 He
e vi de n t lya llude dt ot h e t h ousa n ds,n ot t h e Ne r ose s
; a n dt h a t t h e wor ldsh ouldbe bur n t a n dr e -
n e we d . 1 0 Ba r n a ba ssa ys,"I n si xt h ousa n dye a r st h e Lor dsh a llbr i n ga llt h i n gst oa n e n d . " He
ma ke st h e se ve n t h t h ousa n dt h e mi lle n i um,a n dt h e e i gh t h t h e be gi n n i n goft h e ot h e r wor ld
. Ovi d
q uot e st h e e xp e c t e dc on fla gr a t i on
"
Esse q uoq ue i n fa t i sr e mi n i sc i t ur a ffor e t e mp us .
" Q uo ma r e ,q uot e llus,c or r e p t a q ue r e gi a c oe li
" Ar de a t ,e t mun di mole sop e r osa la bor e t . ""
Not h i n ga st on i sh e sme mor e t h a n t h e a bsolut e i gn or a n c e di sp la ye di n t h e wr i t i n gsoft h e a n -
c i e n t s,oft h e t r ue n a t ur e oft h e i r h i st or y,t h e i r r e li gi ousmyt h ology,a n d,i n sh or t ,ofe ve r yt h i n gr e -
la t i n gt ot h e i r a n t i q ui t i e s . At t h e sa me t i me i t i se vi de n t t h a t t h e r e wa sa se c r e t sc i e n c e p osse sse d
some wh e r e ,wh i c h must h a ve be e n gua r de dbyt h e most sole mn oa t h s . An dt h ough I ma ybe
la ugh e da t byt h ose wh oi n q ui r e n ot de e p lyi n t ot h e or i gi n oft h i n gsfor sa yi n gi t ,ye t I c a n n ot h e lp
susp e c t i n g,t h a t t h e r e i sst i ll
a
se c r e t doc t r i n e kn own on lyi n t h e de e p r e c e sse s,t h e c r yp t s,of
Th i be t ,S t
. Pe t e r 's,a n dt h e C r e mli n .
I n t h e followi n gp a ssa ge t h e r e a lor a ffe c t e di gn or a n c e of
on e oft h e most le a r n e doft h e Roma n si ssh e wn ofwh a t wa sc on si de r e da soft h e fi r st c on se q ue n c e
' I sa i . i i . 1 1 ,
1 7 .

2
Psa l . xc i i .

a
Psa l . xc .
4 C a p e n t a r i usC om. Alc i n oumPla t on i s, p . 3 2 2 ; Me de 'sWor ks, p p
. 5 3 5 ,8 9 4 . I n t h e sa me p a ge ofMe de se ve r a l
ot h e r Je wi sh a ut h or i t i e sma ybe se e n for t h e e xi st e n c e oft h e 6 000-ye a r p e r i od
.
s
Floye r 's
S i byls,p . 2 4 4 .

6 Li b
. v . C a p . xxvi i i .

7
De Di vi n oPr se mi o,
Li b
. vi i
.
C a p . xi v .
B P. 8 9 3 .

9 C i v. De i , Li b. xxi i . C a p .
xxx
. ;
Ouse le y,Or i e n t . C oi l . Vol. 1 1 . No . i i . p . 1 1 9
.
'" Floye r 's
S i byls,p . 2 4 5 .
"
For p r op h e c i e s ofa Mi lle n i um,se e I sa i a h
xxvi . 1 9 ,lx . 1 ,3 ,1 1 ,1 2 ,1 9 ,2 1 ,lxv
. 1 7 , 1 8 ,1 9 ,2 5 ,lxvi . 1 2 ,2 3 ;
Ez e ki e l xlvi i . 1 2 ; Joe l i i i . 1 8 ,2 0
;
I sa i a h xxi v
. 2 3 ,xxv . 7 ; 2 Esdr a s vi i i . 5 2 ,5 3 ,5 4 .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 5

2 05
i n t h e i r r e li gi on -t h e t i me oft h e i r fe st i va ls
. C e n sor i n ussa ys,' "
Howma n ya ge sa r e due un t ot h e

c i t yofRome ,i t i sn ot mi n e t osa y
; but wh a t I h a ve r e a di n Va r r o,t h a t wi llI n ot wi t h h old . He

sa i t h i n t h e 1 8 t h bookofh i sa n t i q ui t i e s,t h a t t h e r e wa son e Ve t t i us,a di st i n gui sh e dAugur a t

"
Rome ,ofgr e a t ge n i us,a n de q ua lt oa n yma n i n le a r n e ddi sp ut a t i on s
; a n dt h a t h e h e a r dVe t t i us

sa y,t h a t i ft h a t wa st r ue wh i c h h i st or i a n sr e la t e d,c on c e r n i n gt h e a ugur i e sofRomulust h e foun -

de r ,a n dc on c e r n i n gt h e t we lve Vult ur e s,t h e n ,a st h e Roma n p e op le h a dsa fe lyp a sse dove r t h e i r

1 2 0t h ye a r ,t h e ywouldla st un t ot h e 1 2 00t h . " 2 I c on st r ue t h i st ome a n ,t h a t t h e Vult ur e sh a d

r e la t i on t ot woc yc le sof6 0ye a r se a c h ,or t ot h e t woof6 00e a c h
; a n d,a st i me h a dsh e wn t h a t i t
di dn ot r e la t e t ot h e for me r ,i t must r e la t e t ot h e la t t e r
. Rome wa st ofi n i sh wi t h t h e 1 2 00t h ye a r ,
be c a use t h e wor ldwa st h e n t oe n d,a swa ssup p ose dbyt h e p r i e st s,wh odi dn ot un de r st a n dt h e i r
myt h ology .
But be si de st h e p e r i oda n n oun c e dbyt h e i r t we lve Vult ur e s,t h e Et r usc a n sh a da lsoa n ot h e r i ll-
un de r st oodsyst e moft e n a ge s,wh i c h wa st h e syst e mc ommon t ot h e Hi n doos,t h e Je ws,a n dt h e
Roma n s,a n dt h i sfa c t a ddson e mor e t ot h e n ume r ousp r oofsoft h e i de n t i t yoft h e t wor a c e s .
5
. Plut a r c h i n S ylla h a sst a t e d,t h a t on a c e r t a i n c le a r a n dse r e n e da y,a t r ump e t wa sh e a r dt o
soun dwh i c h wa ssolouda n dc le a r ,t h a t a llt h e wor ldwa sst r uc kwi t h fe a r . On t h e p r i e st sof
Et r ur i a be i n gc on sult e dt h e yde c la r e d,t h a t a n e wa ge wa sa bout t oc omme n c e ,a n da n e wr a c e
ofp e op le t oa r i se ,-t h a t t h e r e h a dbe e n
EI GHT r a c e sofp e op le ,di ffe r e n t i n t h e i r li ve sa n dma n n e r s,
-t h a t Godh a sa llot t e dt oe a c h r a c e a fi xe dp e r i od, wh i c h i sc a lle dt h e gr e a t ye a r ,t h a t wh e n on e
p e r i odi sa bout t oe n da n da n ot h e r t obe gi n ,t h e h e a ve n or t h e e a r t h ma r ksi t bysome gr e a t p r o-
di gy . Th e a ut h or ofNi mr od
3
obse r ve s,t h a t Plut a r c h gi ve st h e a c c oun t loose lya n dmi st a ke st h e
a ge t h e n e n di n g,t h e e i gh t h ,for t h e ult i ma wt a s ;
for t h e c or r e c t i on ofwh i c h we a r e i n de bt e dt ot h e
i n va lua ble t r e a t i se ofC e n sor i n us .
Th i sult i ma a e t a swa st h e sa me a st h e Ult i ma -Et a sC uma e i C a r -
mi n i sofVi r gi l,wh i c h I be li e ve me a n t ,n ot t h e la st a ge oft h e wor ld,but t h e la t t e r p a r t oft h e a ge
or c yc le sun gofbyt h e p r op h e t e ssofC uma ,-a swe sh ouldsa y,t h e la st e n doft h e c yc le oft h e
C uma e a n S i bylh a da r r i ve d
. I fi t be sup p ose dt oa llude t ot h e p e r i odsof1 2 0ye a r s,I a sk,h owi si t
p ossi ble t obe li e ve t h e Roma n sc ouldbe suc h i di ot sa st ofa n c yt h a t n e wTr oys,Ar gon a ut s,&c
. ,
woulda r i se e ve r y1 2 0ye a r s? But I sh a llr e t ur n t ot h i sa ga i n
.
Alt h ough a c e r t a i n gr e a t ye a r wa swe llkn own t ot h e Roma n s,ye t t h e n a t ur e ofi t se e ms,i n t h e
la t t e r t i me soft h e c ommon we a lt h ,t oh a ve be e n lost 4 Th e e n dofon e oft h e se gr e a t ye a r s,a n dt h e
be gi n n i n gofa n ot h e r ,we r e c e le br a t e dwi t h ga me sc a lle dLudi S e e c ula r e s
. Th e ywe r e sole mn i z e di n
t h e t i me ofS ylla ,wh e n t h e n i n t h a ge wa ssa i dt oh a ve c omme n c e dbyh i ssup p or t e r s,p r oba blyfor
t h e sa ke offla t t e r i n gh i mwi t h be i n gt h e di st i n gui sh e dp e r son for e t old
. Ni mr odsa ys" S ylla wa s
`~bor n i n t h e ye a r ofRome ,6 1 6 , 5
but i t i sun c e r t a i n i n wh a t ye a r t h e S a e c ula r ga me swe r e c e le -
br a t e d,wh e t h e r i n 6 05 ,i n 6 08 ,or i n 6 2 8 .
I t wa sa ma t t e r oft h e most oc c ult sc i e n c e a n dp on t i -
fi c a li n ve st i ga t i on t op r on oun c e on wh a t ye a r e a c h sa e c ulume n de d,a n d
I
a mn ot sa t i sfi e dwh e t h e r
" t h e Q ui n de c e mvi r i di dn ot p ubli sh t h e ga me smor e t h a n on c e ,
wh e n t h e ysa wr e a son t odoubt wh i c h
" wa st h e t r ue S i bylli n e ye a r .
I t wa sn ot fi xe dbyla wor c ust omt obe a n un va r yi n gc yc le of1 1 0
`~ye a r s,
" C e r t usun de n osde c i e sp e r a n n os
" Or bi s,
" t i lla ft e r t h e ga me sh e ldbyAugust us
; i fe ve n t h e n . " 6
' C a p . xvi i . i n fi n e .

Y
Ni mr od, Vol. I I I . 4 9 6 .

3 Vol
. I I I . p p . 4 5 9 -4 6 2
.
4
For p r oofst h a t t h e Et r usc a n sh a dlost t h e t r ue le n gt h oft h e S a e c ulum,vi de Ni e buh r ,Rom
. Hi st
. Vol . I . p p . 9 3 ,&c . ,
a n d p . 1 6 4 .
5 Ap p i a n , C i vi l. li b . i . c a p . c v .

S ue t on . Domi t . c a p
. i v . ; Ni mr od,
Vol . I I I . p . 4 6 2 .
2 06

Plut a r c h a n dOt h e r We st e r n Aut h or son t h e 6 00-Ye a r C yc le

Th e la t t e r p a r t oft h e a bove q uot a t i on wh i c h I h a ve ma r ke dwi t h i t a li c s,sh e wst h a t t h e le a r n e d
a ut h or ofNi mr odwa sn ot a wa r e t h a t t h e gr e a t ye a r wa se i t h e r t h e gr e a t or li t t le Ne r os-e i t h e r
6 00or 6 08 ye a r s . Hi se xp r e ssi on r e sp e c t i n gt h e ga me sp r oba blybe i n gc e le br a t e di n mor e p e r i ods
t h a n t h e 6 08 t h ye a r ofRome ,i n t h e t i me ofS ylla ,se e mst osh e wt h a t t h e ywe r e n ot t h e n un de r -
st ood,a n di t se e msa c t ua llyt op r ove t h e c or r e c t n e ssoft h e i de a a lsoofNi mr od,t h a t a llt h e e a r ly
Roma n h i st or yi sa Myt h os . I c on si de r t h e fi xi n goft h e p e r i odbyAugust usa t 1 1 0ye a r s,a sa
ma n i fe st mode r n c on t r i va n c e t ose r ve p oli t i c a lp ur p ose soft h e mome n t
. Th e e xt r e me di ffi c ult y
a n dp r ofoun dp on t i fi c a li n ve st i ga t i on n e c e ssa r yt ofi xt h e t i me oft h e Ludi S a e c ula r e s,a dmi t t e dby
Ni mr od,wa son e oft h e c i r c umst a n c e swh i c h ga ve we i gh t t ot h e op i n i on ofFi gulus,n a me dbe for e ,
i n C h a p . I I . S e c t . 7 ,be c a use h e wa sc on si de r e dt obe t h e most le a r n e di n da r ka n dmyst e r i ous
sc i e n c e ofa n yma n i n Rome .
Fr oma c a r e fulc on si de r a t i on ofa llt h a t h a sbe e n wr i t t e n on t h e subje c t oft h e Ludi S mc ula r e s,I
a mq ui t e sa t i sfi e dt h a t t h e Roma n sh a dn oc e r t a i n kn owle dge r e sp e c t i n gt h e m,wh i c h i sp r ove dby
t h e c i r c umst a n c e oft h e i r h a vi n gc e le br a t e dt h e ma t di ffe r e n t t i me s,i n or de r t h a t t h e ymi gh t h i t up on
t h e r i gh t t i me
. An ot h e r fa c t ,t h a t on e oft h e se t i me swa st h e sup p ose d6 08 t h ye a r fr omt h e foun -
da t i on ofRome ,t h e gr e a t Ne r os,r a i se sa st r on gp r e sump t i on t h a t t h i swa sor i gi n a llyt h e r e li gi ous
for got t e n p e r i odt owh i c h t h e yr e fe r r e d
. Th e p r e t e n de dp e r i odof 1 2 0 ye a r s,a sa r e a lp e r i odof
h i st or y,i sdi sp ose dofbya n obse r va t i on oft h e on lyh i st or i a n ofRome t owh oma n ya t t e n t i on c a n
be p a i d-Ni e buh r -wh osa ys,' "
Fr omt h e foun da t i on ofRome t ot h e c a p t ur e ,I h e r e fi n d3 6 0
" ye a r s,(Rome 'sfun da me n t a ln umbe r ,t we lve t i me st h i r t y,)a n dt h i sp e r i oda sa wh ole br oke n i n t o
" t h r e e p a r t s :
on e t h i r dma n i fe st lyoc c up i e dbyt h e t h r e e fi r st ki n gs,t ot h e ye a r 1 2 0
; t h e se c on d
" byt h e r e ma i n i n gki n gs,t ot h e ba n i sh me n t ofTa r q ui n
; t h e t h i r d,t h e c ommon we a lt h . Di vi si on s
" soa c c ur a t e a r e n e ve r a ffor de dbyr e a lh i st or y
. Th e ya r e a si gn wh i c h c a n n ot be mi st a ke n ,ofa n
" i n t e n t i on a la r r a n ge me n t de p e n de n t on t h e n ot i on ofa r e li gi oussa n c t i t yi n n umbe r s . "Th i ski n d
ofsup e r st i t i on h a se ve r ywh e r e p r e va i le da n dc or r up t e da llh i st or y
. Mr
. Ni e buh r 'sobse r va t i on ,
t h a t t we lve t i me st h i r t yma ke t h e 3 6 0,i st r ue
; but wh ysh ouldt h e se n umbe r sh a ve be e n a dop t e d?
I a p p r e h e n dt h e y,i n t h i sc a se ,c oun t e dbyt h e c yc le ofVr i h a sp a t i 6 0,a n dt h e yma de 6 c yc le s ;
6 x
6 0=3 6 0
:a n dt h i swa sfoun de don t h e I n di a n dode c a n 5 ,wh i c h ,wi t h t h e m,wa sc a lle da Lus-
t r um,a n dwh i c h ,e q ua llywi t h t h e 6 ,for me da ba se for t h e c yc le of6 0,or of1 2 0,or of6 00,or of
1 2 00, or of6 000,or of 4 3 2 ,000. Byme a n soft h e t wosa c r e dn umbe r s,5 a n d6 ,a lr e a dyde sc r i be d
i n myp r e li mi n a r yobse r va t i on s,(p
. 6 ,)t h e ywoulda lwa ysfor mc yc le s,wh i c h wouldbe c omme n -
sur a t e wi t h on e a n ot h e r ,soa se a si lyt oc oun t t h e i r t i me ,i n or de r t or e gula t e t h e i r fe st i va ls .
Th e a n c i e n t Et r usc a n sa c r e dp e r i odwa s t e n -t h a t oft h e Roma n s(di sgui se dun de r a st or yoft we lve
vult ur e s)wa s t we lve -but t oma ke t h e t woc ome t oge t h e r t h e t we lve p e r i odswe r e ma de of1 2 0ye a r s
e a c h ,(1 0 x1 2 0=1 2 00,)t h i sma ke sup just t woNe r ose s
. But p r oba blyt h e I n di a n syst e mof4 3 2 ,000
wa st h e se c r e t c yc le
; for ,fr omt h e foun di n gofRome t ot h e bui ldi n gofC on st a n t i n op le wa sc a lle d
1 4 4 0 ye a r s :4
X
3 6 0=1 4 4 0,
a n d1 2 X 3 6 0=4 3 2 0 : t h e sa me c yc li c a lsyst e m . Th e se c i r c um-
st a n c e s,a n dt h e e vi de n t i de n t i t yoft h e S a n sc r i t a n dEt r usc a n wr i t t e n la n gua ge s,se e mt or a i se
a fa i r p r e sump t i on ,t h a t t h e sa c r e dc yc le swe r e t h e sa me i n bot h I n di a a n dI t a ly . I r e p e a t t h a t I
fe e ln odoubt t h a t t h e Roma n S mc ulumof1 1 0ye a r swa s,c omp a r a t i ve lysp e a ki n g,a mode r n i n ve n -
t i on ,wh e n ,fr omt h e c a r e le ssn e ssoft h e C on sulsor Pr i e st s,t h e bur n i n goft h e sa c r e dbooks,or some
ot h e r c a use ,t h e i r a n c i e n t me a sur e soft i me h a dbe c ome lost . Va r r ost a t e s, 2 " I n t h e e i gh t h S a e c u-
" lumi t wa swr i t t e n ,t h a t ,i n t h e t e n t h ,t h e ywe r e t obe c ome e xt i n c t . "Th i se vi de n t lyr e fe r st o
t h e 1 0Ne r ose s .
Th e obse r va t i on ofMon s . Ni e buh r ,r e sp e c t i n gt h e Myt h os,i sve r yjust ,but h e mi gh t h a ve
I
Vol . I . c h . xvi i . P
. 2 01 .

2 I n C e n sor i n um,c a p . xvi i . ; Ni e buh r ,c a p . v. p . 9 3 .

BookV . C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 5
.

2 07
gon e a li t t le fa r t h e r , a n d
h a ve sh e wn t h a t t h e Myt h oswa sa c or r e c t i mi t a t i on oft h a t ofTr oya n d
ofEgyp t .
An de ve n t h e sa me syst e mma ybe foun di n Ke mfe r 'sJa p a n . Th e wh ole ma ybe se e n dr a wn
out a t le n gt h byGe be li n . i Th e se ve n ki n gsr e i gn e d2 4 5 ye a r s, 2
t h i r t y-fi ve for e a c h on a n a ve r a ge ,
wh i c h i si n c r e di ble
. Th i ssh e wsi t t obe a Myt h os
.
Wh e n t h e fi r st 6 00ye a r sfr omt h e sup p ose dfoun da t i on oft h e c i t ya r r i ve d,a n da lsowh e n t h e
1 2 00a r r i ve d,t h e Roma n de vot e e swe r e muc h a la r me dfor fe a r ofsome gr e a t un kn own c a la mi t y
. .
Th i sa llr e fe r r e dt ot h e lost p e r i ode i t h e r of6 00or 6 08 ye a r s
. I n t h e la t e r ye a r soft h e Re p ubli c ,
or i n t h e e a r lyye a r soft h e Emp e r or s,t h e sa e c ulumh a vi n gbe c ome q ui t e un c e r t a i n bot h a st oi t s
t e r mi n a t i on a n di t sme a n i n g,a sh or t e r p e r i odwa sfi xe don t ogr a t i fyt h e p e op le 'slove ofsh ows,
a n dt h e va n i t yoft h e r ule r oft h e da yi n t h e e xh i bi t i on oft h e m
. I t i sp r e t t yc e r t a i n t h a t t h e r e
we r e se ve r a lsyst e msi n di ffe r e n t n a t i on s,a lla r i si n gfr omt h e sup p ose dle n gt h soft h e Ne r os,t h e
r e a lle n gt h ofwh i c h be i n gon lyfoun dout byde gr e e s,t h e ywe r e obli ge dt oma ke out t h e i r syst e m
bye xp e di e n t sa swe lla st h e ywe r e a ble .
I fwe t a ke t h e p e r i odoft h e Tr oja n wa r a sse t t le dbyUsh e r a t 1 1 9 4 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,
ma ki n gi t ve r yn e a r lyt woNe r ose s,t h e p e r i odwi t h wh i c h t h e se c yc le si n a lldi ffe r e n t c oun t r i e s
e n d,we sh a llse e t h a t t h e Myt h osofTr oywa st h e sa me a st h a t ofRome . I t i sp e r fe c t lyc le a r
t h a t t h e Roma n skn e wt h e r e ough t t obe a sa c r e dsa e c ulumor a ge ,t h a t t h e e i gh t h se e c ulum . fr om
t h e be gi n n i n goft h e wor ld,wa sr un n i n g,but t h e e xa c t le n gt h ofi t ,or wh e n i t be ga n or e n de d,
t h e ydi dn ot kn ow. Th e S i bylli n e ve r se s,for e t e lli n ga n e wTr oya n da n e wAr gon a ut i c e xp e di -
t i on ,c a n n ot be c on st r ue dt oa llude t oa sh or t p e r i odof1 1 0or 1 2 0ye a r s : n or c a n t h e e xp r e ssi on ,
a se r i e sofa ge swh i c h r e c ur sa ga i n a n da ga i n i n t h e c our se ofon e mun da n e r e volut i on , be c on st r ue d
t or e fe r t oi t . I t ma ybe sa i dt h a t Vi r gi l'sp r op h e c ybyt h e S i byloft h e a ge be i n ga bout t oe xp i r e
wi lla p p lyt ot h e e i gh t h c e n t ur yfr omt h e sup p ose dbui ldi n gofRome ,a swe lla st ot h e Ne r os .
But t h i si sn ot t h e c a se ,be c a use i t wi lln ot a p p lyt ot h e r e n e wa lofTr oja n wa r s,Ar gon a ut i c
Exp e di t i on s,&c .
Amon ga llt h e a n c i e n t n a t i on soft h e wor ld,t h e op i n i on wa sun i ve r sa l,t h a t t h e p la n e t a r y
bodi e swe r e t h e di sp ose r soft h e a ffa i r sofme n . C h r i st i a n swh obe li e ve i n Tr a n subst a n t i a t i on ,
a n dt h a t t h e i r p r i e st sh a ve a n un li mi t e dp owe r t ofor gi ve si n s, ma ya ffe c t t ode sp i se t h ose wh o
h a ve h e ldt h a t op i n i on ,down t oTyc h oBr a h e ,or e ve n t oour own t i me s ; but t h e i r c on t e mp t i s
n ot be c omi n g,i t i sa bsur d . Fr omt h i se r r or ,h owe ve r ,a r ose t h e op i n i on ,t h a t t h e kn owle dge of
fut ur e e ve n t smi gh t be obt a i n e dfr oma c or r e c t un de r st a n di n goft h e n a t ur e oft h e p la n e t a r y
mot i on s. Th i swa s,p e r h a p s,a n i mp r ove me n t on t h e ot h e r . I t wa st h ough t t h a t t h e fut ur e
for t un e sofe ve r yma n mi gh t be kn own ,fr oma p r op e r c on si de r a t i on oft h e st a t e oft h e p la n e t sa t
I
VolVI I J . p . 4 2 8 .

2
I bi d .
ROME. EGYPT .
TROY.
Romulus,Foun de r Vulc a n
Da r da n us
Numa ,Le gi sla t or Ap ollo
Er i c h t on
Host i li us,Wa r r i or
GoodFor t un e Tr os
Ma r t i us S e r a p i s Bus
Ta r q ui n Pa n
Ga n yme de
S e r vi n gTulli us Osi r i s,I si s
La ome don ,He si on e
Ta r q ui n t h e S up e r b,ba - Typ h on t h e S up e r b,de - Pr i a mlost t h e ki n gdomfor
n i sh e dfor t h e r a p e ,by st r oye dbyt h e Gods .
t h e r a p e ofPa r i s .
S e xt us .
2 08

Plut a r c h a n dOt h e r We st e r n Aut h or son t h e 6 00-Ye a r C yc le

t h e mome n t ofh i sbi r t h . As,ofc our se ,t h e se c a lc ula t i on swouldc on t i n ua llyde c e i ve t h e c a lc u-
la t or s,i t wa sve r yn a t ur a lt h a t e n de a vour ssh ouldbe ma de (ove r looki n gt h e p ossi bi li t yt h a t t h e
syst e mmi gh t be fa lse fr omt h e be gi n n i n g)t oa sc e r t a i n t h e c a use oft h e se fa i lur e s
. Th i swa ssoon
be li e ve dt oa r i se fr oma wa n t ofc or r e c t n e ssi n t h e c a lc ula t i on oft h e p la n e t a r ymot i on s-a fa c t
wh i c h wouldsp e e di lybe susp e c t e da n dt h e n a sc e r t a i n e d . Th i sp r oduc e dt h e ut most e xe r t i on of
h uma n i n ge n ui t y,t odi sc ove r t h e e xa c t le n gt h oft h e p e r i odsoft h e p la n e t s : t h a t i s,i n ot h e r
wor ds,t op e r fe c t t h e sc i e n c e ofa st r on omy
. I n t h e c our se oft h e se p r oc e e di n gsi t wa sdi sc ove r e d,
or be li e ve dt obe di sc ove r e d,t h a t t h e mot i on soft h e p la n e t swe r e li a ble t oc e r t a i n a be r r a t i on s,
wh i c h i t wa st h ough t wouldbr i n gon r ui n t ot h e wh ole syst e m,a t some fut ur e da y
. Pe r h a p sby
r e a son i n gon t h e c h a r a c t e r oft h e De i t yt h e ymi gh t be i n duc e dt obe li e ve t h i st obe i n c or r e c t ,or a t
le a st t odoubt i t ,a n dt h i swoulda t la st be c on fi r me dbyt h e di sc ove r yt h a t wh a t a p p e a r e d,i n some
i n st a n c e s,t obe a be r r a t i on s,we r e p e r i odi c a l ; a n dt h i sa t la st p r oduc e dt h e
kn owle dge , or t h e be li e f,
t h a t e ve r ya be r r a t i on wa sp e r i odi c a l-t h a t t h e i de a oft h e syst e mc on t a i n i n gwi t h i n i t se lft h e se e ds
ofi t sown de st r uc t i on wa sa mi st a ke
. Wh e t h e r t h e ya r r i ve da t t h e p oi n t ofc a lc ula t i n gt h e e xa c t
p e r i odofe ve r ya p p a r e n t a be r r a t i on ma ybe doubt ful ;
but i t i sve r yc le a r t h e ybe li e ve dt h a t t h e
n e a r e r t h e ygot t ot h i sp oi n t ,t h e n e a r e r t ot h e t r ut h wouldbe t h e c a lc ula t i on ofn a t i vi t i e sor oft h e
for t un e sofma n ki n d,ma de fr omt h e p la n e t a r ymot i on s . Exp e r i e n c e wouldt e a c h t h e mt h a t t h e y
n e ve r c ouldbe c e r t a i n t h e yh a ddi sc ove r e da llt h e a be r r a t i on s,a n dt h ust h e yn e ve r c ouldbe c e r t a i n
t h a t t h e yh a dc a lc ula t e da llt h e p e r i ods
. Th e ywoulda lsop e r c e i ve t h a t t h e lon ge r t h e yma de t h e i r
c yc le sor p e r i odst h e n e a r e r t h e yc a me t ot h e t r ut h . For t h i sr e a son i t wa s,a n di t wa sa se n si ble
r e a son ,t h a t t h e ya dop t e dt h e ve r ylon gp e r i ods :
for i t wa se vi de n t t h a t ,i n e ve r yon e oft h e
le n gt h e n e dp e r i ods,mult i p le sof6 00,t h e c yc le oft h e S un a n dMoon wouldbe i n c lude d,a n dwi t h
i t wouldma ke a c yc le
. Wh e n our p r i e st sc a n di sc ove r ,or sup p ose ,n oot h e r r e a son for t h e se
le n gt h e n e dp e r i odst h a n a wi sh t oa p p e a r t h e most a n c i e n t ofn a t i on s,I fe a r t h e ye st i ma t e t h e
un de r st a n di n gsoft h ose wh odi sc ove r e dt h e Ne r os,byt h e me a sur e oft h e i r own
.
I don ot p r e t e n dt osh e wh owour mode r n a st r ologe r st e llt h e i r fr i e n ds'for t un e s,(for ,be i t ob-
se r ve d
)
t h e se ge n t le me n n e ve r p r e t e n dt ot e llt h e i r own ,fr on wh i c h de fe c t t h e ysome t i me sge t
h a n ge d,)but t h e a n c i e n t sp r oc e e de d,a sMon s
. Dup ui si h a ssh e wn ,on a ve r yi n ge n i ousp la n ,a n d,
i ft h e i r da t a h a dbe e n t r ue , a ve r yc e r t a i n on e
. Be li e vi n gt h a t a lln a t ur e wa sc yc loi da l,or p e r i odi -
c a l,a sVi r gi lsa ys-e ve r yt h i n gwi llbe r e n e we d-n e wI li ums,n e wAr gon a ut s,&c
. -t h e ysup p ose d
t h a t i ft h e ykn e wi n wh a t p a r t ofa p la n e t 'sc yc le a t h i n gh a dfor me r lyh a p p e n e d,t h e yc ould
a sc e r t a i n wh e n i t wouldh a p p e n a ga i n
. An dt h ough t h i sdoe sn ot p r ove t h e t r ut h ofjudi c i a l
a st r ology,i t c e r t a i n lyr e move smuc h ofi t sa bsur di t y ;
for ,t h ough t h e r e a son i sfa lse ,i t i sn ot
fooli sh .
S oon a ft e r t h e di sc ove r yoft h e la st oft h e p r i ma r yp la n e t s,a n a st r ologe r c a lle don a fr i e n d
oft h e a ut h or 'swh owa swe llkn own t obe a ski lfulc a lc ula t or ,a n dr e q ue st e dh i mt oc a lc ula t e for
h i mt h e p e r i odi c a lmot i on soft h e n e wly-di sc ove r e dp la n e t
; obse r vi n g,i t wa sp r oba ble t h a t t h e
wa n t oft h e kn owle dge a n duse ofi t smot i on swa st h e c a use t h a t ,i n judi c i a la st r ology,t h e p r e di c -
t i on ssooft e n fa i le d
. He r e i sa be a ut i fulmode r n e xe mp li fi c a t i on oft h e a n c i e n t r e a son i n gwh i c h I
h a ve just gi ve n a bove .
I a ma lwa ysr e joi c e dwh e n I fi n dmyt h e or i e ssup p or t e dbyle a r n e dC h r i st i a n di gn i t a r i e s
. I
t h e n fla t t e r myse lft h a t t h e yc a n n ot be t h e p r oduc e ofa t oop r ur i e n t i ma gi n a t i on
. Bi sh op Hor sle y
c ouldn ot h e lp se e i n gt h e t r ut h ,t h a t t h e four t h Ec logue ofVi r gi lr e fe r r e dt ot h e c h i ldt owh om
t h e ki n gsoft h e Ma gi c a me t ooffe r p r e se n t s . . I n t h e se c on dvolume
2 ofS e r mon s,h e h a sun de r -
t a ke n t op r ove t h a t t h i sEc logue i sfoun de don oldt r a di t i on sr e sp e c t i n gJe susC h r i st ,a n dt h a t h e
' Vol . I I I
. P . 1 5 8 .

2 S e r mon I .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I
. S e c t i on 6

2 09
i st h e c h i ldofwh omVi r gi lma ke sme n t i on
. I susp e c t t h i sle a r n e dBi sh op h a d
a t le a st a sli gh t
kn owle dge oft h e e sot e r i c doc t r i n e
. On t h i sI sh a llsa ymor e wh e n I t r e a t oft h e S i byls
; I sh a ll
t h e n ske wt h a t t h e bi sh op i sp e r fe c t lyr i gh t
.
Th e p e r i odoft h e gr e a t Ne r os,I t h i n k,ma ybe p e r c e i ve di n C h i n a
. ' La Loube r e h a sobse r ve d,
t h a t t h e C h i n e se da t e on e oft h e i r e p oc h a sfr om2 4 3 5 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st ,wh e n t h e ysa yt h e r e
wa sa gr e a t c on jun c t i on oft h e p la n e t s
; but t h i sse e mst obe a mi st a ke
: for C a ssi n i h a ssh e wn
t h a t t h e r e wa sn oc on jun c t i on oft h e p la n e t s,but on e oft h e S un a n dMoon ,a t t h a t t i me
. Th i s
mi st a ke a r i se sfr omt h e de st r uc t i on oft h e i r books,wh i c h wa se ffe c t e dbyon e oft h e i r ki n gs,a bout
2 00ye a r sbe for e C h r i st
. Th e i r p e r i odof2 4 3 5 ye a r sbe for e C h r i st h a sp r oba blybe e n 6 08
x 4 =2 4 3 2 .
Th e yc a lc ula t e dbya c yc le of6 0ye a r s
; t h i si se vi de n t lyt h e sa me a st h e 6 00,Ush e r 'smi st a ke
a llowe dfor
.
6
. I t h i n ki t i sp r oba ble t h a t ,byEur op e a n s,se ve r a la lle gor i e soft h e Hi n doosh a ve be e n c on -
foun de dt oge t h e r ,a n di t i se xc e e di n glydi ffi c ult t ose p a r a t e t h e m
. Th e ya r e kn own t oh a ve h a d
va r i ousp e r i odsc a lle dYoga sor C a lp a s,a n di t i sn ot un li ke lyt h a t t h e i r a lle gor i e sa llude dt ot h e
r e n e wa lsofdi ffe r e n t p e r i ods :
some t ot h e r e n e wa lofa llvi si ble n a t ur e ,t h e fi xe dst a r si n c lude d ;
some t oour p la n e t a r ysyst e m,a n dsome on lyt ot h e r e n e wa lofour globe
;
a n dt ot h i sla st ,t h e
se e c ula or a ge sof6 00a n dof6 000ye a r sa p p li e d
. I t h a sbe e n be for e obse r ve d,t h a t i t wa s
a n c i e n t lyt h ough t t h a t t h e e q ui n oxe sp r e c e de don lya ft e r t h e r a t e of2 000,n ot 2 1 6 0ye a r si n a
si gn
. Th i swouldgi ve 2 4 ,000,or 4 t i me s6 000ye a r s,for t h e le n gt h oft h e gr e a t ye a r
. He n c e
mi gh t a r i se t h e i r i mme n se ly-le n gt h e n e dc yc le s,be c a use i t wouldbe t h e sa me wi t h t h i sgr e a t ye a r
a swi t h t h e c ommon ye a r ,i fi n t e r c a la t i on sdi dn ot t a ke p la c e
. I t wouldbe mor e e r r on e ouse ve r y
c ommon ye a r ,t i lli t t r a ve lle dq ui t e r oun da n i mme n se ly-le n gt h e n e dc i r c le ,wh e n i t wouldc ome t o
t h e oldp oi n t a ga i n
. Th ust h e r e we r e be li e ve dt obe r e ge n e r a t i on soft h e st a r r yh ost ,oft h e p la n e t a r y
h ost or our sola r syst e m,a n doft h i sglobe
. I ft h e a n gle wh i c h t h e p la n e oft h e e c li p t i c ma ke s
wi t h t h e p la n e oft h e e q ua t or h a dde c r e a se dgr a dua llya n dr e gula r ly,a si t wa st i llve r yla t e lybe -
li e ve dt odo,t h e t wop la n e swouldh a ve c oi n c i de di n a bout 1 0a ge s,6 000ye a r s
; i n 1 0a ge s,6 000
ye a r smor e ,t h e sun wouldh a ve be e n si t ua t e dr e la t i ve lyt ot h e S out h e r n h e mi sp h e r e ,a sh e i sn ow
t ot h e Nor t h e r n
; i n 1 0a ge s,6 000ye a r smor e ,t h e t wop la n e swouldc oi n c i de a ga i n
; a n d,i n 1 0
a ge s,6 000mor e ,h e wouldbe si t ua t e da sh e i sn ow,a ft e r t h e la p se ofa bout 2 4 ,000or 2 5 ,000
ye a r si n a ll
. Wh e n t h e S un a r r i ve da t t h e e q ua t or ,t h e 1 0a ge sor 6 000ye a r swoulde n d,a n dt h e
wor ldwouldbe de st r oye dbyfi r e ; wh e n h e a r r i ve da t t h e S out h e r n p oi n t i t wouldbe de st r oye d
bywa t e r
; a n dt h usa lt e r n a t e ly,byfi r e a n dwa t e r ,i t wouldbe de st r oye da t t h e e n dofe ve r y6 000
ye a r sor t e n Ne r ose s
. At fi r st I wa ssur p r i se dt h a t t h e I n di a n sdi dn ot ma ke t h e i r Gr e a t Ye a r 1 2
Ne r ose si n st e a dof1 0
; but a r e a son ,i n a ddi t i on t ot h a t wh i c h I h a ve for me r lygi ve n ,i sh e r e a p -
p a r e n t
: l2 x6 00=%
2 00X 4 =2 8 ,8 00i n st e a dof2 4 ,000,t h e fi r st -sup p ose dle n gt h oft h e p r e c e ssi on a l
ye a r .
Th i s 6 000 ye a r swa st h e a ge oft h e wor lda c c or di n gt ot h e e a r lyC h r i st i a n s
.
M
. La Pla c e p r ofe sse st oh a ve p r ove d,
t h a t t h e sumoft h e va r i a t i on oft h e a n gle ma de byt h e
p la n e oft h e e q ua t or wi t h t h e p la n e oft h e e c li p t i c i son lyve r ysma ll,a n dt h a t t h e li br a t i on ,wh i c h
h e a dmi t s,i ssubje c t t oa ve r ysh or t p e r i od
. C e r t a i n lyt h e r ui n ousst a t e oft h e st r a t a oft h e e a r t h
mi gh t i n duc e a be li e ft h a t i t wa sn ot sma ll,but ,a st h e Hi n doosbe li e ve d,ve r ygr e a t .
An a c c oun t i sgi ve n byS ui da s,t owh i c h r e fe r e n c e h a sa lr e a dybe e n ma de ,oft h e for ma t i on of
t h e wor lda sh e ldbyt h e Tusc a n s,or Et r ur i a n s
. Th e ysup p ose dt h a t God,t h e a ut h or oft h e
un i ve r se ,e mp loye dt we lve t h ousa n dye a r si n a ll h i sc r e a t i on s,a n ddi st r i but e dt h e mi n t ot we lve
h ouse s :
t h a t i n t h e fi r st c h i li a d,or t h ousa n dye a r s,h e ma de t h e h e a ve n a n dt h e e a r t h ; i n t h e
n e xt t h e fi r ma me n t wh i c h a p p e a r st ous,c a lli n gi t h e a ve n
; i n t h e t h i r dt h e se a a n da llt h e
' Hi st . S i a m. p . 2 5 8 .
2 1 0 Pyt h a gor a s,Obse r va t i on sOn
wa t e r st h a t a r e i n t h e e a r t h ;
i n t h e four t h t h e gr e a t li gh t s,t h e sun a n dt h e moon ,a n da lsot h e
st a r s ;
i n t h e fi ft h e ve r yvola t i le ,r e p t i le ,a n dfour -foot e da n i ma li n t h e a i r ,e a r t h ,a n dwa t e r
; i n
t h e si xt h ma n .
I t se e ms,t h e r e for e ,a c c or di n gt ot h e m,t h a t t h e fi r st si xt h ousa n dye a r swe r e
p a sse dbe for e t h e for ma t i on ofma n ,a n dt h a t ma n ki n da r e t oc on t i n ue for t h e ot h e r si xt h ousa n d
ye a r s,t h e wh ole t i me ofc on summa t i on be i n gt we lve t h ousa n dye a r s
. For t h e yh e ld,t h a t t h e
wor ldwa ssubje c t t oc e r t a i n r e volut i on s,wh e r e i n i t be c a me t r a n sfor me d,a n da n e wa ge a n dge n e -
r a t i on be ga n ;
ofsuc h ge n e r a t i on st h e r e h a dbe e n i n a ll,a c c or di n gt ot h e m,e i gh t ,di ffe r i n gfr omon e
a n ot h e r i n c ust omsa n dwa yofli fe
; e a c h h a vi n ga dur a t i on ofa c e r t a i n n umbe r ofye a r sa ssi gn e d
t h e mbyGod,a n dde t e r mi n e dbyt h e p e r i odwh i c h t h e yc a lle d
t h e gr e a t ye a r . 'I f
S ui da sc a n be
de p e n de don ,a n dI kn own or e a son t odi sp ut e h i sa ut h or i t y,we h a ve h e r e ,a mon gt h e se I t a li a n
p r i e st s,i n t h e si xa ge sofc r e a t i on ,e vi de n t p r oofsoft h e i de n t i t yoft h e i r doc t r i n e swi t h t h ose of
t h e Hi n doos,t h e a n c i e n t Ma gi ofPe r si a ,a n dt h e booksofGe n e si s
. An dwh a t i smor e ,we h a ve ,
i fMon s
. C uvi e r c a n be de p e n de don ,p r oofst h a t t h e se ve r ya n c i e n t p h i losop h i c a lp r i e st sa llt a ugh t
t h e t r ue syst e moft h e un i ve r se ,on e
of
t h e most a bst r use a n dr e c on di t e subje c t si n n a t ur e
. To
wh a t i st h i st obe a t t r i but e d
?
Most c le a r lye i t h e r t ot h e le a r n i n goft h e p r i me va ln a t i on ,or t o
r e ve la t i on
. Di ffe r e n t p e r son swi lle n t e r t a i n di ffe r e n t op i n i on son t h i ssubje c t
.
Th e r e a r e fe wr e a de r swh oh a ve r e a dmya bst r use bookt h usfa r ,wh owi llbe sur p r i se dt h a t I
sh ouldlookba c kt oa n e xi st e n t st a t e oft h e Globe i n a ve r yr e mot e p e r i od
. I a llude t oa t i me
wh e n t h e a n gle wh i c h t h e p la n e oft h e e c li p t i c ma ke swi t h t h e p la n e oft h e e q ua t or wa smuc h
la r ge r t h a n i t i sa t t h i smome n t
;
t h e e ffe c t ofwh i c h wouldbe t oi n c r e a se t h e h e a t i n t h e p ola r
r e gi on s,a n dr e n de r t be m -
c omfor t a ble p la c e sofr e si de n c e for t h e i r i n h a bi t a n t s
. Th i se a si lya c c oun t s
for t h e r e ma i n sofi n h a bi t a n t sofwa r mc li ma t e sbe i n gfoun di n t h ose r e gi on s,wh i c h t h e yp r oba bly
oc c up i e dbe for e t h e c r e a t i on ofma n
. Eve r ye xt r a or di n a r ya p p e a r a n c e oft h i ski n di se a si ly
a c c oun t e dfor ,a st h e e ffe c t oft h a t p e r i odi c a lmot i on oft h e e a r t h wh i c h ,
i f
c on t i n ue d,wi ll br i n g
t h e p la n e soft h e e c li p t i c a n de q ua t or t oc oi n c i de ,a n d,i n p r oc e ssoft i me ,t obe c ome a t r i gh t
a n gle st oon e a n ot h e r
. Th e c i r c umst a n c e oft h e a n i ma lsoft h e t or r i dz on e be i n gfoun di n t h e
h i gh la t i t ude sn e a r t h e p ole s,i si t se lfa de c i si ve p r oof,t oa n un p r e judi c e dmi n d,t h a t t h e t i me
must h a ve be e n wh e n ,byt h e p a ssa ge oft h e S un i n h i se c li p t i c h i sli n e ofmove me n t wa smuc h
n e a r e r t h e p ole st h a n i t i sn ow,t h e n or t h e r n r e gi on smust h a ve p osse sse da t e mp e r a t e c li ma t e
.
Th i sske ws,i n a ma r ke dma n n e r ,t h e sa ga c i t yoft h e obse r va t i on sofBuffon ,Ba i lli e ,Ge sn e r ,&c
. ,
t h ough r i di c ule dbywe a kp e op le ,t h a t t h e n or t h e r n c li me swe r e p r oba blyt h e bi r t h -p la c e ofma n
.
For t h ough i n t h e c a use
wh i c h t h e ya ssi gn e dfor t h i st h e ymi gh t be mi st a ke n ,i n t h e
e ffe c t t h e y
we r e c or r e c t .
7 .
Th e da t e ofPyt h a gor a s'sbi r t h h a sbe e n muc h di sp ut e dbyle a r n e dme n
. Aft e r wh a t t h e
r e a de r h a sse e n ,h e wi lln ot be sur p r i se dt ofi n dt h i sgr e a t p h i losop h e r c on n e c t e d,a sh a sbe e n
a lr e a dyn ot i c e dfr omt h e wor kofLa Loubt r e ,li ke t h e Je wi sh wor t h i e s,August usC a e sa r ,a n d
ot h e r s,wi t h on e oft h e Ne r ose s
. An dt h e c i r c umst a n c e t h a t t h e di sc ove r yh a smuc h oft h e
n a t ur e ofa c c i de n t ,or ,a t le a st ,t h a t i t i sn ot ma de out byme or a n yp e r son h oldi n gmysyst e m,
a ddsgr e a t lyt ot h e p r oba bi li t yofi t st r ut h
. Dr
. Le mp r i e r e ,a ft e r st a t i n gt h e gr e a t un c e r t a i n t yof
t h e da t e ofPyt h a gor a s,sa ys,"t h a t 7 5 or 8 5 ye a r soft h e li fe ofPyt h a gor a sfa llwi t h i n t h e 1 4 2
"
ye a r st h a t e la p se dbe t we e n B
. C . 6 08 ,a n dB
. C . 4 6 6 . "He r e 6 08 ,t h e boun da r yofh i sp e r i od,
e vi de n t lybr i n gout t h e c yc le oft h e gr e a t e r Ne r os
. Wh e t h e r t h e da t e ofC h r i st be q ui t e c or r e c t
or n ot ,t h e r e i sn odoubt t h a t t h e le a r n e dme n ,wh oh a ve a t di ffe r e n t t i me se n de a vour e dt ofi xi t ,
I
An on ym . a p udS ui d . i n voc e Tyr r h e n i ,Un i ve r s
. Hi st . Vol .
I I
p
. 6 4 . -Th e Un i ve r sa lHi st or ya dds,t h a t t h e Dr ui ds
a lsot a ugh t t h e a lt e r n a t e di ssolut i on oft h e wor ldbywa t e r a n dfi r e ,a n di t ssuc c e ssi ve r e n ova t i on
. I bi d.
BookV . C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 7

2 1 1
h a ve r e a son e dup on c e r t a i n p r i n c i p le s,a n dt h a t t h e yh a ve a llh a da c c e sst ot h e sa me da t a wh e r e on
t ogr oun dt h e i r c a lc ula t i on s . Wh e n ,t h e r e for e ,I fi n dt h i ssa me n umbe r 6 08 c on st a n t lyoc c ur r i n g
a sa n umbe r i n some wa yor ot h e r c on n e c t e dwi t h t h e i r p e r i ods,I c a n n ot h e lp be li e vi n gt h a t i t h a s
be e n use dbyt h e p e r son sfor me r lyma ki n gt h e a n c i e n t c a lc ula t i on s . Th usi n t h i sI fi n d6 08 ye a r s
t ofor mon e boun da r y,or t oc ome out a son e n umbe r
. Aga i n , i n t h e i n q ui r yi n t ot h e p r op e r
p e r i odfr omt h e foun da t i on ofRome ,on wh i c h t h e Ludi S wc ula r e sough t t obe c e le br a t e di n t h e
t i me ofS ylla ,I fi n dt h a t t h e r e sult oft h e ve r ydi ffi c ult c a lc ula t i on sofon e or some oft h e a r usp i c e s
e mp loye dfor t h e p ur p ose ofma ki n gt h e c a lc ula t i on s,br i n gsout t h e n umbe r 6 08 a son e oft h e
p r oba ble p e r i odson wh i c h t h e yough t t obe c e le br a t e d
; a n d,a sI fi n dse ve r a lot h e r suc h c oi n c i -
de n c e swi t h t h i sp e c uli a r n umbe r ,I c a n n ot h e lp t h i n ki n gt h a t t h e yt e n dgr e a t lyt oc on fi r mmy
doc t r i n e s . I t sh e wst h a t t h i ssa c r e dn umbe r wa si n ge n e r a luse ,a n di t just i fi e sme i n be li e vi n g
t h a t i t wa soft e n use di n c a se swh e r e t h e di r e c t e vi de n c e ofi t suse i son lywe a k,but wh e r e a n a -
logyofr e a son i n gwouldi n duc e me t oe xp e c t t ofi n di t .
I t i si mp ossi ble t or e a dS t a n le y'sa c c oun t oft h e doc t r i n e sofPyt h a gor a sa n dn ot t ose e t h a t ,a s
a c omp le t e syst e m,t h e ywe r e t ot a llyun kn own t ot h e p e r son swh oh a ve le ft ust h e a c c oun t of
t h e m. On e sa yson e t h i n g,a n ot h e r sa ysa n ot h e r. But i t i se vi de n t ,t h a t muc h t h e gr e a t e r p a r t
ofwh a t t h e ysa yi s op i n i on on ly ; or wh a t t h e yh a dh e a r d,a sbe i n gt h e op i n i on
ofsome on e e lse
.
Th i sst a t e ofun c e r t a i n t yi st h e i n e vi t a ble c on se q ue n c e ofa bst r use doc t r i n e sh a n de ddown by
t r a di t i on
. Th e n i t follows,t h a t e vi de n c e i n t h e se c a se sc a n a moun t a t la st on lyt op r oba bi li t y,
n e ve r t oa bsolut e de mon st r a t i on . But wh e n t h e p r oba bi li t yi ssuffi c i e n t lyst r on g,fa i t h or be li e f
wi llfollow. An dI t h i n ki n r e a son i n g,I h a ve a r i gh t t ot a ke a n ya sse r t e dfa c t a n dr e a son up on i t ,
de p e n di n gfor i t sr e c e p t i on byt h e r e a de r ,up on suc h e vi de n c e ,p osi t i ve ,or c i r c umst a n t i a l,or
r a t i on a l,a sI sh a llbe a ble t op r oduc e . NowI wi llp r oduc e a n e xa mp le ofwh a t I me a n . We
h a ve e ve r yr e a son t obe li e ve ,t h a t Pyt h a gor a st r a ve lle dfa r t ot h e Ea st t oa c q ui r e kn owle dge . I n
looki n gt h r ough t h e gr e a t ma ssoffa c t sor doc t r i n e sc h a r ge dt oh i m,we fi n dmuc h or i e n t a ldoc t r i n e
i n t e r mi xe dwi t h t r ut h a n dsc i e n c e ,t h e sa me a swe fi n da t t h i sda ya mon gt h e Br a h mi n s : t r ut h
a n dsc i e n c e ve r ymuc h m6 r e c or r e c t t h a n t h a t wh i c h h i ssuc c e ssor s(wh ose i gn or a n c e or un c e r -
t a i n t yr e sp e c t i n gh i mi sa dmi t t e d)kn e wor t a ugh t ,mi xe dwi t h a n i n c on c e i va ble ma ssofn on se n se ,
oft h a t de sc r i p t i on ofn on se n se ,t oo,wh i c h h i sfollowe r sp a r t i c ula r lyp a t r on i z e d,a n dt a ugh t a s
se n se a n dwi sdom . Ha ve we n ot ,t h e n ,r e a son t oma ke a se le c t i on ,a n dgi ve Pyt h a gor a sc r e di t
on lyfor suc h p a r t sa swe fi n doft h e wi se c h a r a c t e r t owh i c h I h a ve a llude d,a n dt h r owout a llt h e
r e ma i n de r a st h e n on se n se ofh i ssuc c e ssor s? Wh a t c a n be mor e st r i ki n gt h a n t h e fa c t ofh i s
t e a c h i n gt h a t t h e p la n e t smove di n c ur ve dor bi t s,a fa c t for t h e st a t e me n t ofwh i c h h e got la ugh e d
a t byh i si gn or a n t suc c e ssor s,but a fa c t wh i c h we n owkn owt obe we ll-foun de d !
Allh i sdoc t r i n e s,we a r e t oldbyh i sfollowe r s,we r e foun de don n umbe r s,a n dt h e yp r e t e n dt o
gi ve uswh a t wa sme a n t byt h e se n umbe r s,a n dc h oi c e n on se n se t h e ygi ve us,-n on se n se ve r y
un wor t h yoft h e ma n wh ot a ugh t t h e 4 7 t h p r op osi t i on ofEuc li d,a n dt h e t r ue p la n e t a r ysyst e m .
Th e n a r e we t obe li e ve t h e m? I r e p ly,n o ; we ough t t obe li e ve on lysuc h p a r t sa sa r e a n a logous
t ot h e or i e n t a lsyst e ms,a n dt ogoodse n se . Allt h e r e ma i n de r must r e ma i n subjudi c e . I fi n dve r y
n e a r lyt h e wh ole oft h e doc t r i n e ofn umbe r sa sc r i be dt oh i m,byh i ssuc c e ssor s,a sn on se n si c a la s
t h e i r st or yofh i sgolde n t h i gh ,sot h a t I c a n gi ve n oc r e di t t ot h e m ; a n d,i n c on se q ue n c e ,I a m
obli ge dt oh a ve r e c our se t ot h e Ea st ,a n dt osup p ose t h a t wh e n t h e yr e p e a t t h e a dmi t t e dfa c t ,t h a t
h i sdoc t r i n e swe r e foun de don n umbe r s,t h e or i e n t a ln umbe r s,on wh i c h t h e a st r on omi c a lc yc le sa n d
p e r i odswe r e foun de d,must c h i e flybe me a n t : suc h a st h e Zodi a c a ldi vi si on s,t h e Ne r os,t h e p r e -
c e ssi on a lye a r , &c . An dt h i si sc on fi r me dwh e n I r e a dwh a t h a sbe e n e xt r a c t e dr e sp e c t i n gPyt h a -
gor a sfr omLa Loube r e ,a n dwh e n I fi n dt h e mst umbli n gon t h e c yc le oft h e gr e a t Ne r os. I f
Pyt h a gor a swe r e n ot i n some wa yor ot h e r c on n e c t e dwi t h i t ,i t se e mssur p r i si n gt h a t t h i si de n -
2 1 2
Pyt h a gor a s,Obse r va t i on sOn
t i c a ln umbe r p r e c e di n gt h e c e le br a t e de p oc h a ofJe susC h r i st ,
a ssh e wn byC a ssi n i ,sh ouldbe
foun dbyour mode r n doc t or sa sa boun da r yli n e i n t h e wa yt h e r e a de r
h a sse e n . Th e r e must
h a ve be e n some c i r c umst a n c e sc lose lyc on n e c t e dwi t h t h e gr e a t Ne r osi n t h e a n c i e n t da t a
on wh i c h
our mode r n di vi n e sh a ve foun de dt h e i r c a lc ula t i on s,t oi n duc e
t h e mt op i t c h up on t h i sn umbe r .
Th e e ffe c t must h a ve a c a use : a c c i de n t wi lln ot a c c oun t for i t
.
Th e r e a de r must n ot for ge t t h a t
a llt h e a n c i e n t swh ogi ve ust h e a c c oun t oft h i sp h i losop h e r ,p r e t e n d
t owh a t t h e yma y,a r e on ly
p osse sse dofsh r e dsa n dp a t c h e sofh i ssyst e m
.
But I h a ve li t t le doubt t h a t out oft h e sh r e dsa n d
p a t c h e sle ft usby
h i s
suc c e ssor s,oft h e r e a lva lue ofwh i c h t h e ywe r e p e r fe c t lyi gn or a n t ,a be a ut i ful
or i e n t a lga r me n t mi gh t be ma n ufa c t ur e d-be a r i n ga c lose a n a logyt ot h e
p ur e st ofwh a t we fi n d
i n t h e Ea st ,wh i c h ,i n our e ye s,a t t h i sda y,wouldbe be a ut i ful,but wh i c h ,byh i s
a n c i e n t bi ogr a -
p h e r s,would,li ke h i sp la n e t a r yor bi t s,be t r e a t e dwi t h c on t e mp t
.
Be for e I c on c lude wh a t I h a ve t o
sa y,a t p r e se n t ,r e sp e c t i n gt h i sgr e a t ma n ,I wi llma ke on e mor e obse r va t i on
. I t i ssa i d,t h a t t h e
Mon a d,t h e Dua d,t h e Tr i a d,a n dt h e Te t r a c t ys,we r e n umbe r s
h e ldi n p e c uli a r r e sp e c t byh i m
.
Th e la st i sc a lle dt h e p e r fe c t i on ofn a t ur e
. But Dr . Le mp r i e r e sa ys, "
Eve r ya t t e mp t ,h owe ve r ,t o
"
un foldt h e n a t ur e oft h i sla st myst e r i ousn umbe r h a sh i t h e r t obe e n un suc c e ssful
. " Th i sse e ms
won de r ful
. S ur e lyDr
. Le mp r i e r e c a n n ot h a ve un de r st oodt h e He br e wla n gua ge ,or h e would
a t
on c e h a ve se e n t h a t t h i sc a n be n ot h i n gbut t h e Te t r a gr a mma t on oft h e He br e ws-t h e sa c r e d
n a me n i n , i e ue
or i e u-e -THE se lf-e xi st e n t , t h e I a m, oft e n c a lle d
t h e n a me offour le t t e r s, or ,i n
ot h e r wor ds,t h e
TETRAC TYS .
Th i si sc on fi r me dbywh a t ,a c c or di n gt oAr i st ot le ,Pyt h a gor a ssa i d
ofh i sTr i a d. "
He a ffi r me dt h a t t h e wh ole a n da llt h i n gsa r e t e r mi n a t e dbyt h r e e . "
He r e a r e t h e
t h r e e le t t e r soft h e sa c r e dwor d,wi t h out t h e e mp h a t i c a r t i c le ,-t h e
t h r e e si gn i fyi n g I a m Ja b .
Oft h e Te t r a c t ysh e sa ys,"Th r ough t h e sup e r i or wor ldi sc ommun i c a t e dfr omt h e Te t r a c t ys
t ot h e
"i n fe r i or ,
LI FE
a n dt h e be i n g(n ot a c c i de n t a l,but subst a n t i a l)ofe ve r ysp e c i e s . "
"Th e Te t r a c t ys
" i st h e di vi n e mi n dc ommun i c a t i n g . "
Th i sc a n be n ot h i n gbut t h e Te t r a gr a mma t on oft h e He -
br e ws
. I c on fe ssI c a n e n t e r t a i n n odoubt t h a t h i sMon a d,h i sDua d,h i sTr i a d,a n dh i s
Te t r a c t ys,
for me dt h e Hi n dooTr i n i t y,a n dt h e sa c r e dn a me offour ,i n c ludi n gt h e t h r e e
.
We h a ve a lr e a dyse e n t h a t Buddh a wa sbor n a ft e r
TEN MONTHS , sa n ssoui llur e ,
t h a t i s,h e
wa st h e p r oduc e ofa n i mma c ula t e c on c e p t i on
. Th i swa sa t t r i but e dt oma n yp e r son sa mon gt h e
Ge n t i le s ;
a n dwh e n e ve r a n yma n a sp i r e dt oobt a i n sup r e me p owe r ,or t ot yr a n n i z e ove r h i sc oun -
t r yme n ,h e a lmost a lwa ysa ffe c t e dt oh a ve h a da sup e r n a t ur a lbi r t h ,i n some wa yor
ot h e r . Th i s
wa st h e or i gi n oft h e p r e t e n de dc on n e xi on ofAle xa n de r 'smot h e r ,Olymp i a s,wi t h
Jup i t e r . S c i p i o
Afr i c a n uswa sa lsosa i dt obe t h e son ofGod .
Th e r e i sn odoubt t h a t h e a i me da t t h e sove r e i gn t y
ofRome ,but t h e p e op le we r e t oosh a r p -si gh t e dfor h i m
. A
. Ge lli ussa ys,"Th e wi fe ofPubli n s
" S c i p i owa sba r r e n for soma n yye a r sa st oc r e a t e a de sp a i r ofi ssue ,un t i lon e n i gh t ,
wh e n h e r
" h usba n dwa sa bse n t ,sh e di sc ove r e da la r ge se r p e n t i n h i sp la c e ,a n dwa si n for me d
bysoot h sa y-

e r st h a t sh e wouldbe a r a c h i ld .
I n a fe wda yssh e p e r c e i ve dsi gn sofc on c e p t i on ,a n da ft e r TKN

MONTHS
ga ve bi r t h t ot h e c on q ue r or ofC a r t h a ge
. "I Ar i on wa sa di vi n e i n c a r n a t i on ,be got t e n by
t h e gods,i n t h e c i t a de lByr sa ,a n dt h e Ma gn a Ma t e r
br ough t h i mfor t h a ft e r
TENMONTHS ,
p a e Ta 8 e xa wa s. He r c ule swa sa
TENMONTHS '
c h i ld,a swe r e a lsoMe le a ge r ,Pe li a s,Ne le us,a n d
Typ h on
.
z
Th e c h i ldfor e t oldi n t h e four t h e c logue ofVi r gi lwa sa lso
a t e n mon t h s'c h i ld . Au-
gust usa lsowa st h e p r oduc e ,a ft e r a t e n mon t h s'p r e gn a n c y,of
a myst e r i ousc on n e xi on ofh i s
mot h e r wi t h a se r p e n t i n t h e t e mp le ofAp ollo
. 3 Th e t e n mon t h s'p r e gn a n c yofa llt h e p e r son s
n a me da bove ,h a dp r oba blya n a st r ologi c a la llusi on t ot h e t e n a ge s .
Th e n a me ofAugust us,
gi ve n t oOc t a vi us,wa sa llusi ve t oh i ssa c r e dc h a r a c t e r ofp r e si di n gda e mon
oft h e Mun da ,xoa z og
or c yc le . S olomon ,a c c or di n gt ot h e Bi ble ,wa sa lsoa t e n mon t h s'c h i ld
.
I Aul . Ge ll. li b . vi i c a p . i . ; Ni mr od,Vol . I I I . p . 4 4 9

' Ni mr od,i b.

3 I bi d . p . 4 5 8 .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 7

2 1 3
S e ve r a loft h e Hi n dooi n c a r n a t i on s,p a r t i c ula r lyt h a t ofS a li va h a n a a n dofGua t a ma ,ofwh om
I sh a llt r e a t bya n dby,a r e sa i d,li ke S c i p i o,August us,Ale xa n de r ,&c . ,t oh a ve be e n bor n
a ft e r a t e n mon t h s'p r e gn a n c yoft h e i r mot h e r s,a n da lsot oh a ve be e n p r oduc e dbya se r p e n t
e n t wi n i n gi t se lfr oun dt h e bodyoft h e mot h e r
. Th e c oi n c i de n c e i st oost r i ki n gt obe t h e e ffe c t of
a c c i de n t . '
Th e a ut h or ofNi mr odh a ssh e wn ,a t gr e a t le n gt h ,t h a t a bout t h e t i me ofAugust us,a n da
c on si de r a ble t i me p r e vi ously,t h e r e h a dbe e n a ve r yge n e r a li de a p r e va le n t i n t h e wor ld,t h a t a
sup e r n a t ur a lc h i ldwouldbe bor n ,i n c on se q ue n c e ofa n e wa ge wh i c h wa st h e n a bout t oa r i se ;
but t h e c e r t a i n t i me ofwh i c h wa se i t h e r un kn own or a p r ofoun dse c r e t . Allt h i swa sc on n e c t e d
wi t h t h e e i gh t h c yc le ,wh i c h I h a ve e xp la i n e d . Tot h e se sup e r n a t ur a lbi r t h sI sh a llr e t ur n i n a
fut ur e p a ge
.
I fmyr e a de r h a ve gon e a lon gwi t h me i n t h e a r gume n t ,h e must h a ve obse r ve dt h a t t h e r e i sa
di ffi c ult ya r i si n gfr omt h e ble n di n goft h e c yc le of6 00-t h e Ne r osa n dt h e c yc le -a n dt h e di st i n -
gui sh e dp e r son a ge wh owa st h e h e r oofi t
. I fi n di t di ffi c ult t oe xp la i n wh a t I me a n . Exp r e ssi on s
c on st a n t lyr e fe r t ot h e c yc le of6 00ye a r s,a n dt oa p e r son ,a n i n c a r n a t i on oft h e di vi n e mi n d
. Th e
a ge a n dp e r son a r e c on foun de d
. Th i s,i t mi gh t p la usi blybe sa i d,op e r a t e sa ga i n st myt h e or y,i fI
c ouldn ot sh e wt h a t i t wa st h e c ust omoft h e a n c i e n t myst i c st h ust oc on foun dt h e m . But we h a ve
on lyt olookt ot h e wor dsofVi r gi li n t h e p r op h e c yoft h e S i byl,B
. V . C h . I I . S e c t . 7 ,
a n dt h e q uo-
t a t i on fr omMr
. Fa be r ,a n dwe h a ve a c le a r e xa mp le ofwh a t I a llude t o. Th e n i n t h a ge wa st oa r r i ve ,
but a ble sse di n fa n t a lsowa st oa r r i ve wi t h i t ,t or e st or e t h e a ge ofgold . Th e a ge la st e d6 00ye a r s,
but i t di dn ot me a n t h a t t h e c h i ldwa st oli ve 6 00ye a r s . Th e Buddh a ,t h e C r i st n a ,t h e S a li va h a n a
ofI n di a ,e a c h a r r i ve di n a p e r i od,a n dt h e ya r e i de n t i fi e dwi t h t h e p e r i od,but t h e ya r e n on e of
t h e msa i dt oh a ve li ve dt h e wh ole t e r mof6 00ye a r s . C yr uswa sfor e t old,a n dI h a ve sh e wn t h a t
h e wa sbor n i n t h e e i gh t h a ge or c yc le ,but h e wa sn ot sup p ose dt oli ve t ot h e e n dofi t . I a c -
kn owle dge t h i swouldfor ma di ffi c ult yi fi t we r e n ot obvi a t e dbyt h e e xp r e sswor dsofVi r gi l,
wh i c h c a n n ot be di sp ut e d . Tot h e obje c t i on I r e p ly,t h a t t h e c yc le or a ge i n I n di a a n dJuda e a wa s
use d,p r e c i se lya si t wa sbyt h e myst i c sofVi r gi l . Wh a t e ve r on e me a n t r e sp e c t i n gt h e c h i ld
be i n gbor n ,wa sme a n t byt h e ot h e r . An dt h i sle a dst oa n ot h e r obse r va t i on r e sp e c t i n gt h e Me s-
si a h oft h e Je ws . We h a ve h e r e e xp r e ssa ut h or i t yfr omt h e r e c or di t se lfwh a t a Me ssi a h wa s-
wh a t wa sme a n t wh e n a Me ssi a h wa sfor e t old
. He wa sa ma n e n dowe dwi t h a mor e t h a n usua l
p or t i on oft h e di vi n e sp i r i t or n a t ur e ,a n da ssuc h wa sc on si de r e dt obe t h e p r e si di n gge n i usoft h e
c yc le -t h e
a t wvTwv a i wvwv-t h e fa t h e r oft h e suc c e e di n ga ge s
. We h a ve se e n t h a t t h e wor d
C yr usme a n t S un .
Th e mot h e r ofC yr us,or oft h e i n c a r n a t i on oft h e sola r p owe r ,h a d,a swe mi gh t e xp e c t ,a ve r y
myt h ologi c a ln a me
. S h e wa sc a lle dMANDA-n e . 2 I n t h e or i e n t a lla n gua ge t h i swouldh a ve t h e
sa me me a n i n ga sxod'lAog,c or r e c t ly a c yc le . I n t h e sa me sp i r i t t h e mot h e r ofC on st a n t i n e wa s
c a lle d He le n , h e r fa t h e r C oi t us . Gr e a t mi st a ke s(p e r h a p si n t e n de d)h a ve be e n ma de i n t h e c on -
st r ui n goft h e wor dmun dus
. I t h a soft e n be e n c on st r ue dt ome a n wor ld,
wh e n i t me a n t c yc le .
I t wa s,I t h i n k,on e oft h e wor dsuse dbyt h e myst i c st oc on c e a lt h e i r doc t r i n e ,a n dt ode lude
t h e p op ula c e .
Th e r e sult soft h e c a lc ula t i on sma de byC a ssi n i a r e i n a ve r yp e c uli a r ma n n e r sa t i sfa c t or y
.
Th e ya r e t ot a llyr e move dfr omsusp i c i on ofBr a h mi n i c a lfor ge r y,e i t h e r t op le a se Moh a me da n
c on q ue r or s,or Eur op e a n ma st e r s,or sga va n s,be c a use t h e ya r e st r i c t lyBuddh i st ,a n dh a ve n o
' Tr a n s . Asi a t . S oc . VoLI . p . 4 3 1 .
'
Th i sI t a ke t obe a wor dfor me dof
Mun da a n d An n a .
2 1 4
Pyt h a gor a s,
Obse r va t i on s
On
c on c e r n wh a t e ve r wi t h t h e followe r sofC r i st n a -S i a mbe i n gfa r a wa yfr omt h e c oun t r ywh e r e
t h e r e li gi on ofC r i st n a p r e va i ls
. Th e oldma n usc r i p t wh i c h La Loubh r e se n t ove r t oC a ssi n i wa s
n ot un de r st oodbyh i m,but se n t t ot h e a st r on ome r for e xa mi n a t i on .
I t wa sn ot un t i la h un dr e d
ye a r sa ft e r t h i sma n usc r i p t c a me t oEur op e ,t h a t a n yoft h e c i r c umst a n c e sr e la t i n gt oC r i st n a ,
wh i c h t h e r e a de r h a sse e n fr omMr . Ma ur i c e ,&c . ,we r e kn own : a n di t i sve r yp r oba ble t h a t M.
C a ssi n i di dn ot se e t h e c on se q ue n c e swh i c h woulda r i se fr omh i sc a lc ula t i on s
.
Mr . Ma ur i c e h a sla bour e dh a r dt op r ove t h a t t h e Ba bylon i a n swe r e t h e i n ve n t or soft h e Ne r os .
Th i sh e doe sbe c a use h e fa n c i e si t sup p or t st h e Mosa i c syst e m . I sh a lln owsh e wt h a t i t c a n n ot
h a ve be e n i n ve n t e de i t h e r byt h e mor byt h e Egyp t i a n s
;
a n dI sup p ose n oon e wi llsusp e c t t h e
Gr e e ksofbe i n gt h e i n ve n t or sofi t .
An dt h i swi llc omp e lust ogofor i t t ot h e a n c e st or sa n d
c oun t r yofAbr a h a m,i fwe c a n on lyfi n dout
. wh oa n dwh e r e t h e ywe r e : t h i sI don ot de sp a i r of
doi n gi n due t i me
.
Re sp e c t i n gt h e e xt e n t oft h e wa llsofBa bylon we h a ve t woh i st or i e s,on e ofHe r odot us,a n d
t h e ot h e r ofDi odor usS i c ulus,be t we e n wh i c h t h e r e a p p e a r sa t fi r st t obe a c on si de r a ble di sa gr e e -
me n t .
He r odot usst a t e st h e mt obe ,i n h i st i me ,4 8 0fur lon gs ; Di odor us,t h a t t h e ywe r e or i gi -
n a llyma de on ly3 6 0,
i n a c c or da n c e wi t h t h e sup p ose dn umbe r ofda ysi n t h e ye a r ; t h a t t womi lli on s
ofme n we r e e mp loye dt obui lda fur lon ga da y,bywh i c h me a n st h e ywe r e c omp le t e di n a ye a r of
3 6 0da ys. ' Th i sa p p a r e n t c on t r a di c t i on Mr . Ma ur i c e h a sr e c on c i le d,bysh e wi n gfr oma n ot h e r
p a ssa ge ofBe r osus,r e p or t e dbyJose p h us,t h a t t h e ywe r e le n gt h e n e dbyNe buc h a dn e z z a r ,soa st o
e q ua lt h ose ofNi n e ve h ,wh i c h we r e 4 8 0fur lon gsi n e xt e n t . Fr omt h i si gn or a n c e oft h e le n gt h of
t h e ye a r I c on c lude t h a t t h e bui lde r sofBa bylon c ouldn ot be t h e i n ve n t or soft h e c yc le oft h e
Ne r os ; n or c ouldt h e ye ve n h a ve kn own i t . Th i sfa c t i sa t on c e de c i si ve a ga i n st t h e wh ole ofMr .
Ma ur i c e 'st h e or y,t h a t t h e Ba bylon i a n swe r e t h e i n ve n t or soft h e a n c i e n t a st r on omy . I p la c e my
.
fi n ge r on t h e c yc le oft h e Ne r os,a n dun h e si t a t i n glyma i n t a i n ,t h a t t h e p e r son sa c q ua i n t e dwi t h
i t c ouldn ot h a ve be li e ve dt h e ye a r t obe on ly3 6 0da yslon g.
Mr
. Ma ur i c e h a ssh e wn t h a t t h e Ba bylon i a n swe r e i gn or a n t oft h e le n gt h oft h e ye a r sola t e e ve n
a st h e r e i gn ofC yr us,un t i lwh i c h t i me t h e ysup p ose di t t oc on si st ofon ly3 6 0da ys
. Th i sa ll
t e n dst oc on fi r mBa i lli e 'sdoc t r i n e ,t h a t t h e Ba bylon i a n sc i e n c e i son lyt h e de br i sofa n a n c i e n t
syst e m. Th e i gn or a n c e oft h e e a r lyEgyp t i a n soft h e t r ue le n gt h oft h e ye a r i sa swe lle st a bli sh e d
a st h a t oft h e Ba bylon i a n s .
Th i swe le a r n fr omDi odor usS i c ulus,wh o,a mon got h e r t h i n gs,st a t e s
t h a t t h e Egyp t i a n p r i e st sma de 3 6 0li ba t i on sofmi lkon t h e t ombofOsi r i s,wh e n t h e ybe wa i le d
h i sde a t h ,wh i c h h e sa ysa llude dt ot h e da ysoft h e p r i mi t i ve ye a r ,
use di n t h e r e i gn oft h a t mo-
n a r c h .
s
I c on t e n da lso,t h a t t h e i n ve n t or soft h e Zodi a c we r e i n t h e sa me st a t e wi t h r e sp e c t t o
sc i e n c e a st h e bui lde r sofBa bylon ,or t h e ywouldn ot h a ve di vi de di t i n t o3 6 0de gr e e son ly
. Ha d
t h e ykn own t h e r e a lle n gt h oft h e ye a r ,t h e ywouldh a ve ma de some p r ovi si on for t h e fi ve da ys .
Re sp e c t i n gt h e le n gt h oft h e oldye a r ,t h e r e i sa ve r yc ur i ousst or yi n Plut a r c h ,wh i c h h a sbe e n
n ot i c e dbyS i r Wi lli a mDr ummon d,i n h i sEdi p usJuda i c us,p . 1 03 ,i n t h e followi n gwor ds
Th e n umbe r 3 1 8 i sve r yr e ma r ka ble . Plut a r c h r e la t e s,t h a t a c on n e xi on h a vi n gbe e n di sc ove r e d
~~be t we e n S a t ur n a n dRh e a ,t h e S un t h r e a t e n e dt h a t t h e la t t e r sh ouldn ot be de li ve r e dofa c h i ld
" i n a n ymon t h or ye a r . But Me r c ur y,wh owa si n love wi t h Rh e a ,h a vi n gwon fr omt h e Moon
~~a t di c e t h e 2 0t h p a r t ofe a c h ofh e r a n n ua llun a t i on s,c omp ose doft h e mt h e 5 da ys,wh i c h we r e
'~a dde dt ot h e ye a r ,a n dbywh i c h i t wa sa ugme n t e dfr om3 6 0t o3 6 5 da ys
. On t h e se 5 da ys
~~Rh e a br ough t for t h Osi r i s,Ar ue r i s,Typ h on ,I si s,a n dNe p h t e . Nowt h e oldye a r be i n gc om-
' Be r osus,sp udJose p h us,An t i q . Li b . x. C a p . xi .
' Di od. S i c . Li b . xvi i . p
. 2 2 0 ; Ma ur i c e ,Obse r v. on t h e Rui n sofBa bylon ,p . 3 9 .
BookV. C h a p t e r I I I . S e c t i on 8
2 1 5
~~p ose dof3 6 0da ys,t h e 2 0t h p a r t a moun t st o1 8 da ys . Le t ust h e n t a ke 1 2 lun a t i on sa t 2 8 da ys
~~e a c h ,a n dwe sh a llge t a p e r i odof3 3 6 da ys . De duc t a 2 0t h p a r t oft h e oldye a r of3 6 0da ys
~ fr omt h e 1 2 lun a t i on sa t 2 8 da yse a c h ,a n dt h e r e ma i n de r wi llbe 3 1 8 da ys . Th e e q ua t i on ma y
"be gi ve n a sfollows : 2 8
x
1 2 -3 p ,,=3 1 8 . "
8 . I n t h e c our se ofh i sh i st or y,M. La Loube r e dr op sse ve r a lobse r va t i on swh i c h ,wh e n I c on -
si de r t h e fa c t soft woi sla n dsofEle p h a n t a ,t woMa t ur e a s,t h e se e doft h e woma n br ui si n gt h e h e a d
oft h e se r p e n t i n Eur op e a n da lsoi n I n di a ,&c . ,&c . ,se e mt ome we llwor t h yofn ot i c e . I sh a ll
gi ve t h e mi n h i swor dsa n dle a ve t h e mt ot h e r e a de r ,but I sh a llr e t ur n t ot h e ma ga i n ve r yoft e n
.
S p e a ki n goft h e n a me of S i a m,
h e sa ys,(p
. 6 ,) " a n dbyt h e si mi li t ude ofour la n gua ge t ot h e i r s,
" we ough t t osa yt h e
S i on s, a n dn ot t h e S i a ms :
sowh e n t h e ywr i t e i n La t i n t h e yc a llt h e m
" S i on e s. "
Aga i n ,(p . 7 ,) " Ne ve r t h e le ss,Na va r e t e ,i n h i s
h i st or i c a lt r e a t i se s of t h e ki n gdomof
~~C h i n a ,r e la t e s,t h a t t h e n a me
ofS i a m, wh i c h h e wr i t e s S i a n , c ome sfr omt h e se t wowor ds
S i e n
`~lo, wi t h out a ddi n gt h e i r si gn i fi c a t i on or ofwh a t la n gua ge t h e ya r e . "I n t h e sa me p a ge h e sa ys,
~ fr om S i -yo-t h i -ya , I
t h e S i a me se n a me oft h e c i t yof S i a m,
for e i gn e r sh a ve ma de Jon n A . " 2 No
doubt a t t h e p r e se n t mome n t ,myr e a de r wi llt h i n kt h e fa c t sst a t e dr e sp e c t i n g S i on a n dJudi a of
n oc on se q ue n c e ,but i n a li t t le t i me ,i fh e r e a dwi t h a t t e n t i on t h e r e ma i n de r oft h i swor k,h e wi ll
fi n dt h e mwe llwor t h yofc on si de r a t i on . He wi llfi n dt h e m,wh e n un i t e dt oot h e r c i r c umst a n c e s,
t obe fa c t st oa c c oun t for wh i c h i t wi llbe ve r ydi ffi c ult ,up on a n yoft h e syst e mst owh i c h we
h a ve be e n a c c ust ome dt ogi ve c r e di t
. Myr e a de r wi lln ot for ge t t h a t we a r e t r a ve lli n gon myst i c
gr oun d ;
a n dt h a t t h e obje c t ofour r e se a r c h e s,t h e se c r e t h i st or yoft h e myt h ose sofa n t i q ui t y,i s
c on c e a le dfr omour vi e w,n ot on lybyt h e se dulousc a r e a n dt h e most sa c r e doa t h sofour a n c e s-
t or s,i n t h e most r e mot e a ge s,but byt h e je a lousyofmode r n p r i e st si n t e r e st e di n p r e ve n t i n gt h e
di sc ove r yoft r ut h ,a n da lsobyt h e n a t ur a le ffe c t oft i me ,wh i c h i si t se lfa lmost e n ough t or e n de r
ofn oa va i lt h e most i n dust r i ousr e se a r c h e s . I t se e mst obe a la wofn a t ur e ,t h a t t h e me mor yof
ma n sh ouldn ot r e a c h ba c kbe yon da c e r t a i n ve r yc on fi n e dboun da r y . We a r e e n de a vour i n gt o
br e a kdown ,t oove r st e p ,t h i sboun da r y .
Wh e n we got oI n di a we fi n dt h a t t h e Br a h mi n sh a de i gh t Ava t a r sc omp le t e ,a n dwe r e a t or i n
t h e n i n t h a t t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st . 3 Th e fi r st wa sBuddh a or t h e S un i n Ta ur us,a n da llt h e Ava t a r s
must h a ve be e n ,p r op e r lysp e a ki n g,h i st i llt h e flood,or t h e S un e n t e r e dAr i e s,wh e n t h e fi r st
c yc le ofC r i st n a a n dt h a t ofJosh ua be ga n ,a c c or di n gt oC ol
. Wi lfor d
. Th e n ,a ft e r t h e la st c yc le
ofC r i st n a ,or t h e c yc le ofC yr us,wh e r e h i sh i st or y,i n p a r t i sfoun d,h a de n de d,p e r h a p ssuc h of
t h e p r i e st sa sun de r st oodt h e se c r e t doc t r i n e smi gh t wi sh for ,a n dmi gh t a t t e mp t t oi n t r oduc e ,t h e
n i n t h Ava t a r ,but t ot h i st h e p op ula c e ,a n dsuc h oft h e ma sh a dp e r h a p sfor got t e n or di dn ot
kn owt h e se c r e t me a n i n goft h e i r Ava t a r s,wouldn ot c on se n t
.
I t i sn ot i mp r oba ble t h a t t h e a t t e mp t t oi n t r oduc e a n e wp r a c t i c e a t t h e e n doft h e p e r i odsof
si xh un dr e dye a r ssh ouldh a ve oft e n be e n a t t e n de dwi t h r e li gi ouswa r s . I t se e mst obe a lmost a
n e c e ssa r yc on se q ue n c e ,t h a t t h e se sh ouldt a ke p la c e . Th e de vot e e swould,ofc our se ,be ve r y
a ve r se ,a sde vot e e sa lwa ysa r e ,t op a r t wi t h t h e i r oldsup e r st i t i on ,wh i c h t h e i n i t i a t e dwouldp e r -
c e i ve wa sbe c omi n gobsole t e a n dun sui t a ble t ot i me sa n dc i r c umst a n c e s
; h e n c e mi gh t a r i se se ve r a l
' Th i s i s e vi de n t lya c or r up t i on of t h e wor dI -oud-ya ,t h e n a me of t h e ki n gdom of Oude ,i n Up p e r I n di a ; a n dt h i s
wi ll
be foun d,wh e n joi n e dt osome ot h e r ma t t e r s,t oc on n e c t t h e c a p i t a l of S i a mwi t h t h e c i t y of Oude .
I I n t h e c i t y ofS i a m t h e yh a ve a sa c r e dt oot h ofS ommon a -C odom, r e sor t e dt obyma n yp i lgr i ms . Th i si st h e olde st
r e li c wor sh i p wh i c h I h a ve me t wi t h . Th e yh a ve a lsoa sa c r e dfoot of S ommon a -C odom,t h e sa me a st h a t i n C e ylon ,
a n dt h a t n a me d ofHe r c ule s, i n S c yt h i a ,byHe r odot us, a n dt h a t ofJe susi n Pa le st i n e . Th i si st h e fi r st sa c r e dfoot -
ma r k I h a ve me t wi t h ,t h e la st i s t h a t ofLoui s le DES I REon t h e p i e r a t C a la i s! ! ! -Pr i n t e dMa r c h , 1 8 3 1 .
3
"S r e e Mun Na r r a i n ,si n c e t h e c r e a t i on of t h e wor ld,h a sa t n i n e di ffe r e n t p e r i odsa ssume di n c a r n a t e dfor ms,e i t h e r
for t h e p ur p ose of e r a di c a t i n gsome t e r r e st r i a le vi l,or c h a st i si n gt h e si n sofma n ki n d . Ac c or di n gt ot h e Hi n doot r a -
di t i on a t e n t h i s ye t e xp e c t e d. "For st e r 'sTr a ve ls . p . 4 3 .
2 1 6

C r oss,t h e Me a n i n gofI t
oft h e r e li gi ouswa r swh i c h ot h e r wi se se e mi n e xp li c a ble
.
On t h i sgr oun dt h e ya r e e a si lye x-
p la i n e d
:a n dt h i sc i r c umst a n c e wi llsa t i sfa c t or i lye xp la i n se ve r a lot h e r e q ua llyi n e xp li c a ble p h t e -
n ome n a ,a swe sh a llse e h e r e a ft e r
. I n some p a r t sofI n di a a n i n t h Ava t a r wa sbe li e ve dt oh a ve
c ome ,c a lle dS a li va h a n a
;
i n ot h e r s,C e ylon for i n st a n c e ,h e wa st h ough t t obe a n ot h e r Buddh a
.
Re sp e c t i n gt h i sI sh a llsa ymor e h e r e a ft e r
.
Pe r h a p sI sh a llbe t oldt h a t t h e i n c a r n a t i on soft h e Hi n dooGodsa r e i n n ume r a ble ,a n de xt e n d
t h r ough mi lli on sofa ge s
. Th i si st r ue :
p r oba blyt oc on c e a lt h e i r r e a lp e r i odsfr omt h e p r ofa n e
e ye . '
But wi t h t h e se I don ot me ddle ,a st h e ydon ot mi li t a t e a ga i n st t h e e xi st e n c e of
r e a l c yc le s
a n dfor p e r i odsof t r ue t i me
. Th e t e n i n c a r n a t i on swe r e t h e t e n r e volut i on soft h e Ne r osor t h e
sa c r e d OM. At t h e bi r t h ofC h r i st ,
e i gh t
h a dp a sse da sa llowe dbyt h e Br a h mi n s,a n dt e st i fi e dof
byVi r gi l,Zor oa st e r ,a n dt h e S i byls
. Allt h e myst i c s'e xp e c t e dt h e wor ldt oe n di n 6 000 ye a r s
;
t h a t wa si n t e n Ava t a r s,Yugs,C a lp a s,or a ge sof
6 00
ye a r se a c h . Th e Ge n t i le swe r e i n n ofe a r ,
a st h e yt h ough t t h e r e we r e ye t 1 2 00ye a r st or un ,wh i le ma n yC h r i st i a n s,t a ki n gt h e i r un c e r t a i n
a n ddoubt fulc a lc ula t i on sfr omt h e LX X
. a n dJose p h us,e xp e c t e dt h e e n doft h e wor lde ve r yda y .
Th e ysa wt h e c a lc ula t i on si n t h e se booksc ouldn ot be br ough t t oa n yc e r t a i n t y
; a n d,t oma ke t h e
ma t t e r wor se ,t h e ykn e wn ot wh e t h e r t h e i r a ge swe r e t obe gi n fr omt h e
c r e a t i on or t h e
Mood.
But t h e t e r mof 6 000
ye a r s,for t h e dur a t i on oft h e wor ld,wa st h e ge n e r a llyr e c e i ve dop i n i on a mon g
t h e e a r lyC h r i st i a n s ;
a n dt h i sc on t i n ue st obe t h e op i n i on ofma n yoft h e m
. Th e c e le br a t e d
myst i c ,Mr
. I r vi n g,wh ola t e lyp r e a c h e dwi t h gr e a t e c la t t ot h e r a bble ofS t
. Ja me s'sa n dS t .
Gi le s's,i n Lon don ,h a sjust a n n oun c e dt h a t t h e Mi lle n i umwi llc omme n c e i n a ve r yfe wye a r s
.
Th e r e a de r ma yp r oba blyh a ve obse r ve dt h a t ,i n myi n q ui r i e si n t ot h e va r i ousi n c a r n a t i on sof
Buddh a a n dC r i st n a ,a n di n t ot h e a n c i e n t c yc le s,&c
. ,I h a ve sc a r c e lye ve r n a me da n yt h i n gla t e r
t h a n t h e sup p ose dse r a ofJe susC h r i st
.
S i n c e t h a t e p oc h ,h owe ve r ,muc h ve r yi n t e r e st i n gma t t e r
a n dmost va lua ble i n for ma t i on r e sp e c t i n gt h e la st t woc yc le s,a n dt h e or i gi n oft h e Romi sh r e li gi on ,
wi llh e
la i dbe for e h i m
; but ,a ft e r muc h c on si de r a t i on ,I h a ve de t e r mi n e dt ode fe r i t un t i lI h a ve
sh e wn wh e n c e t h e va r i ousr i t e sa n dc e r e mon i e soft h a t r e li gi on ,on wh i c h I h a ve n ot ye t t ouc h e d,
we r e de r i ve d.
I sh a lla lsop r e vi ouslye xp la i n ma n yot h e r c i r c umst a n c e sr e la t i n gt ot h e a n c i e n t
myt h ose s.
C HAPTERI V
C r oss,t h e me a n i n gofi t -Just i n a n dTe r t ulli a n on t h e C r oss-Mon ogr a msof
C h r i st a n dOsi r i s-C r ossofEz e ki e la n dot h e r s-Ot h e r Mon ogr a msofC h r i st -
C h r i smon S a n c t i An i br ogi i -S a c r e dNumbe r si n t h e Te mp le sofBr i t a i n -
Mi t h r a -Jose p h usa n dVa lla n c e yon Myst i c Numbe r s-I n di a n C i r c le s-La ma of
Ti be t -I n dr a c r uc i fi e d-Je sui t 'sAc c oun t ofTi be t
.
1 . I WI LL n owsh e wh owt h e c yc le of6 00,or t h e Ne r os,wa sc on c e a le di n a n ot h e r syst e ma n d
bya n ot h e r ki n dofmyst i c i sm. I sc a r c e lyn e e dr e mi n dmyr e a de r t h a t t h e c r ossh a sbe e n a n e m-
ble muse dbya llC h r i st i a n s,fr omt h e e a r li e st a ge s . I n myC e lt i c Dr ui dsh e ma yse e ma n yp r oofs
t h a t i t wa suse dbyt h e most a n c i e n t oft h e Ge n t i le s,t h e Egyp t i a n s,a n dt h e Dr ui ds
. Th e me a n -
i n gofi t ,a sa n e mble m,h a sbe e n a ma t t e r muc h di sp ut e d . I t h a sge n e r a llybe e n t h ough t t obe
'
Asi a t . Re s . Vol. I I . p .
1 1 4 .
BookV
. C h a p t e r I V. S e c t i on 1

2 1 7
e mble ma t i c ofe t e r n a lli fe
. I t h a sa lsobe e n c on si de r e d,fr oma fa n c i e dsi mi la r i t yt ot h e me mbr ut n
vi r i le ,t obe e mble ma t i c oft h e p r oc r e a t i ve p owe r sofn a t ur e
. Th e ge n e r a lop i n i on ,I t h i n k,se e ms
t oh a ve se t t le dup on a n un i on oft h e t wo-t h a t i t me a n t
e t e r n a llyr e n ova t i n g li fe , a n dt h i sse e ms
t oa gr e e ve r ywe llwi t h t h e n a t ur e ofa c yc le -wi t h t h e Ne r os,wh i c h e t e r n a llyr e n ova t e di t se lf,a n d
ofwh i c h i t wa sp r oba blya n e mble m
. But i n myop i n i on ,i t i smuc h mor e p r oba ble ,t h a t i t be -
c a me t h e e mble mofge n e r a t i on a n dr e ge n e r a t i on ,fr ombe i n gt h e e mble moft h e c yc le ,t h a n fr om
a n yfa n c i e dr e se mbla n c e a llude dt oa bove
; a n dt h a t i t wa st h e e mble m,fr ombe i n gt h e fi gur e
r e p r e se n t i n gt h e n umbe r ,oft h e c yc le .
Mr
. Pa yn e Kn i gh t sa ys, "
Th e ma le or ga n sofge n e r a t i on a r e some t i me sr e p r e se n t e dbysi gn s
-c c
oft h e sa me sor t ,wh i c h mi gh t p r op e r lybe c a lle dsymbolsofsymbols . On e oft h e most r e ma r k-
"
a ble oft h e se i st h e c r ossi n t h e for moft h e le t t e r
T, wh i c h t h usse r ve da st h e e mble mof
GQ
c r e a t i on a n dge n e r a t i on . " 1
At fi r st I h a st i lyc on c lude d,t h a t t h e c i r c le wh i c h we oft e n se e joi n e dt ot h e c r oss,wa sme a n t
me r e lya sa h a n dle ,but t h i s,on r e fle c t i on ,I c a n n ot be li e ve . I t i sc on t r a r yt ot h e ge n i usa n d
c h a r a c t e r oft h e a n c i e n t myt h ologi st s,t ouse suc h a la me a n dun n e c e ssa r yc on t r i va n c e
. I a m
sa t i sfi e di t wa sme a n t ,li ke t h e c r ossi t se lf,a sa n e mble m
. I n some i n sc r i p t i on s,p a r t i c ula r lya t
t h e e n dofon e oft h e olde st wi t h wh i c h I a ma c q ua i n t e d,fr omC yp r us,t h a t gi ve n i n Poc oc ke 's
de sc r i p t i on oft h e Ea st ,
2 a sa mon ogr a m,i t i sgi ve n t h us-t h e c r ossa n d

c i r c le ofVe -
n us,or Di vi n e Love
.
C yp r uswa s,i n for me r t i me s,a p la c e ofgr e a t c on se q ue n c e
. I t must be a de li gh t fuli sla n d.
I t i sa bout 1 3 0mi le slon ga n d6 0br oa d
. I n i t sc e n t r e i t h a di t sOlymp us,n owt h e Moun t of
t h e C r oss,wh e r e ,a smi gh t be e xp e c t e d,r e ma i n st ot h i sda ya c on ve n t ofMon ks,de di c a t e dt ot h e
h olyC r oss-de sc e n de di n di r e c t suc c e ssi on ,I h a ve n odoubt ,fr omt h e e a r li e st t i me sofPa ga n i sm
.
Th e c r osswa st h e Egyp t i a n Ba n n e r ,a bove wh i c h wa sc a r r i e dt h e c r e st ,or de vi c e oft h e
Egyp t i a n c i t i e s
. I t wa sa lsouse di n t h e sa me ma n n e r byt h e Pe r si a n s
. Ac c or di n gt oor i e n t a l
t r a di t i on s,t h e c r ossofC a lva r ya n dt h a t sup p ose dt obe se t up byMose si n t h e Wi lde r n e sswe r e
ma de oft h e woodoft h e t r e e ofli fe ,i n Pa r a di se
. I t wa sc a r r i e di n t h e h a n doft h e Hor us,t h e
Me di a t or of t h e Egyp t i a n s,t h e se c on dp e r son i n t h e i r Tr i n i t y,a n dc a lle d
Logos
byt h e Pla t on i st s .
Hor uswa ssup p ose dt or e i gn on e t h ousa n dye a r s .
He wa sbur i e dfor t h r e e da ys,
h e wa sr e ge n e -
r a t e d,a n dt r i ump h e dove r t h e Egyp t i a n e vi lp r i n c i p le
. Amon gt h e Alc h e mi st st h e T wi t h
a c i r c le a n dc r e sc e n t ,i st h e n ume r i c a lsi gn ofMe r c ur y
. Th e si gn ofVe n usi sa c r uxa n sa t a ,t h a t
i s,a c r ossa n da c i r c le .
3
Mr
. Ma ur i c e de sc r i be sa st a t ue i n Egyp t a s " be a r i n ga ki n dofc r ossi n i t sh a n d,t h a t i st o
sa y,
" a
PHALLUS , wh i c h ,a mon gt h e Egyp t i a n s,wa st h e symboloffe r t i li t y
. "
4
Fe r t i li t y,t h a t i si n
ot h e r wor ds,t h e p r oduc t i ve ,ge n e r a t i ve p owe r
. On t h e Egyp t i a n mon ume n t s,i n t h e Br i t i sh
Muse um,ma ybe se e n t h e myst i c c r ossi n gr e a t n umbe r sofp la c e s
. An dup on t h e br e a st ofon e
oft h e Mummi e si n t h e Muse umoft h e Lon don Un i ve r si t y,i sa c r osse xa c t lyi n t h i ssh a p e ,
a c r ossup on a C a lva r y .
On Pr i a p us,p . 4 8 .

s
Vol . I . p . 2 1 3 ,P1
. xxxi i i .
4 An t
. Vol . I I I . p . 1 1 3 .
3 Mon t h lyMa g. Vol . LVI .
2 1 8
Just i n a n dTe r t ulli a n on t h e C r oss
Th e r e a de r ma yr e fe r t ot h e t h i r t y-n i n t h n umbe r oft h e C la ssi c a lJour n a l,for some c ur i ousa n d
p r ofoun dobse r va t i on son t h e C r uxa n sa t a
.
2
. Th e si gn oft h e c r ossi swe llkn own t oa llRomi sh C h r i st i a n s,a mon gwh omi t i sye t use di n
e ve r yr e sp e c t a si sde sc r i be dbyJust i n ,wh oh a st h i sp a ssa ge i n h i sAp ology
:"
An dwh e r e a s
"
Pla t o,i n h i sTi ma e us,p h i losop h i z i n ga bout t h e S on ofGodsa ys,He e xp r e sse dh i mup on t h e
"
un i ve r se i n t h e fi gur e oft h e le t t e r X ,h e e vi de n t lyt ookt h e h i n t fr omMose s
; for i n t h e
"
Mosa i c wr i t i n gsi t i sr e la t e d,t h a t a ft e r t h e I sr a e li t e swe n t out ofEgyp t a n dwe r e i n t h e de se r t ,

t h e ywe r e se t up on a n dde st r oye dbyve n omousbe a st s,vi p e r s,a sp s,a n da llsor t sofse r p e n t s
;
"
a n dt h a t Mose st h e r e up on ,byp a r t i c ula r i n sp i r a t i on fr omGod,t ookbr a ssa n dma de t h e si gn of

t h e c r oss,a n dp la c e di t byt h e h olyt a be r n a c le ,a n dde c la r e d,t h a t i ft h e p e op le wouldlookup on

" t h a t c r oss,a n dbe li e ve ,t h e ysh ouldbe sa ve d
; up on wh i c h h e wr i t e s,t h a t t h e se r p e n t sdi e d,a n d
" byt h i sme a n st h e p e op le we r e sa ve d . "
He p r e se n t lya ft e r wa r dt e llsust h a t Pla t osa i d, GQ
Th e n e xt p owe r t ot h e S up r e me Godwa s
"
de c ussa t e dor fi gur e di n t h e sh a p e ofa c r osson t h e un i ve r se
. "Th e se op i n i on sofPla t owe r e
t a ke n fr omt h e doc t r i n e ofPyt h a gor a sr e la t i n gt on umbe r s,wh i c h we r e e xt r e me lymyst i c a l,a n d
a r e c e r t a i n lyn ot un de r st ood
. He r e we h a ve t h e S ox of GOD t yp i fi e dbyt h e X ,h un dr e dsofye a r s
be for e C h r i st wa sbor n ,but t h i si si n ke e p i n gwi t h t h e Pla t on i c Tr i n i t y
.
I t i sa c e r t a i n fa c t t h a t t h e r e i sn osuc h p a ssa ge a st h a t q uot e dbyJust i n r e la t i n gt ot h e c r oss
i n t h e Oldor t h e Ne wTe st a me n t
. Th i si sme r e lya n e xa mp le ofe c on omi c a lr e a son i n g,ofp i ous
fr a ud,i n t h e fi r st C h r i st i a n fa t h e r ,n ot sa i dt obe i n sp i r e d,a n yofwh ose e n t i r e a n dun di sp ut e d
wor kswe p osse ss
. Th e e vi de n t obje c t oft h i sfr a udwa st oa c c oun t 'for t h e a dor a t i on oft h e c r oss,
wh i c h Just i n foun dp r a c t i se dbyh i sfollowe r s,but t h e c a use ofwh i c h h e di dn ot un de r st a n d
.
Te r t ulli a n sa ys,t h a t "
Th e De vi lsi gn e dh i ssoldi e r si n t h e for e h e a d,i n i mi t a t i on oft h e C h r i s-

t i a n s : Mi t h r a si gn a t i lli c i n fr on t i busmi li t e ssuos . " 1 An dS t . Aust i n sa ys,t h a t "t h e c r oss

" a n dba p t i smwe r e n e ve r p a r t e d :
se mp e r e n i mc r uc i Ba p t i smusjun gi t ur . " 2
Th e c r osswa sa sa c r e de mble mwi t h t h e Egyp t i a n s
. Th e I bi swa sr e p r e se n t e dwi t h h uma n
h a n dsa n dfe e t h oldi n gt h e st a ffofI si si n on e h a n d,a n da globe a n dc r ossi n t h e ot h e r . I t i son
most oft h e Egyp t i a n obe li sks,a n dwa suse da sa n a mule t . S a t ur n 'sa st r ologi c a lc h a r a c t e r wa sa
c r ossa n da r a m's-h or n . Jup i t e r a lsobor e a c r oss,wi t h a h or n .
"
We h a ve a lr e a dyobse r ve d,t h a t t h e c a ba li st sle ft t h e se gr osssymbolst ot h e p e op le ,but t h e
le a r n e da n dt h e i n i t i a t e dp i e r c i n gt h r ough t h e se obje c t s,p r e t e n de dt oa sp i r e t ot h e kn owle dge a n d
" c on t e mp la t i on oft h e De i t y. " 3 Aga i n , " Wh a t h i de ousda r kn e ssmust i n volve t h e Egyp t i a n
" h i st or ya n dr e li gi on ,wh i c h we r e on lykn own bya mbi guoussi gn s ! I t wa si mp ossi ble but t h e y
" must va r yi n t h e i r e xp li c a t i on oft h e se si gn s,a n di n a lon gt r a c t oft i me for ge t wh a t t h e a n c i e n t s

me a n t byt h e m. An dt h use ve r yon e ma de h i sown c on je c t ur e s : a n dt h e p r i e st st a ki n ga dva n -

t a ge oft h e obsc ur i t yoft h e si gn s,a n di gn or a n c e oft h e p e op le ,ma de t h e be st oft h e i r own

le a r n i n ga n dfa n c i e s . He n c e n e c e ssa r i lyh a p p e n e dt wot h i n gs-on e ,t h a t r e li gi on oft e n c h a n ge d ;

t h e ot h e r ,t h a t t h e c a ba li st swe r e i n gr e a t e st e e m,be c a use n e c e ssa r yme n . "

Fr omt h e se q uot a t i on si t i se vi de n t t h e si gn oft h e c r osswa sa r e li gi oussymbolc ommon bot h
t oHe a t h e n sa n dC h r i st i a n s,a n dt h a t i t wa suse dbyt h e for me r lon gbe for e t h e r i se ofC h r i st i -
a n i t y. 5 Th e t wop r i n c i p a lp a goda sofI n di a , v i z . a t
Be n a r e sa n dMa t h ur a ,a r e bui lt i n t h e for m
ofc r osse s .
6
Th e c r osswa sa lsoa symboloft h e Br i t i sh Dr ui ds. 7 Mr . Ma ur i c e sa ys," We
' Te r t ul
. de Pr oe sc r i p .

t
Aug . Te mp . S e r . C I ; Re e ve 'sAp . Vol . I . p . 9 8 .

Ba s
. B
. i i i . C h . xi x . S e c t . xi x . xx . * I bi d .

S e e Just i n 'sAp ol. S e c t . lxxi i

. lxxvi i . ; Te r t ulli a n 'sAp ol . C h . xvi . 6 Ma ur . I n d . An t . Vol,I I . p . 3 5 9 .
7
S e e Bor la se ,An t . C or n wa ll,p . 1 08 ; Ma ur . I n d. An t . Vol . VI . p . 6 8
.
BookV
. C h a p t e r I V. S e c t i on 3

2 1 9
`~kn owt h a t t h e Dr ui dsyst e mofr e li gi on ,lon gbe for e t h e t i me ofC a mbyse s,h a dt a ke n de e p r oot

i n t h e Br i t i sh I sle s . "' " Th e c r ossa mon gt h e Egyp t i a n swa sa n h i e r oglyp h i c ,i mp or t i n gt h e

li fe t h a t i st oc ome . " 2
Mr . Le dwi c kh a sobse r ve dt h a t t h e p r e se n c e ofHe a t h e n de vi c e sa n dc r osse son t h e sa me c oi n
a r e n ot un usua l,a sC h r i st i a n si n t h ose e a r lyt i me swe r e for t h e most p a r t S e mi -p a ga n s
. Th i si s
di a me t r i c a llyi n op p osi t i on t oa llt h e doc t r i n e soft h e Pr ot e st a n t sa bout t h e e a r lyp ur i t yoft h e r e -
li gi on ofC h r i st ,a n di t ssubse q ue n t c or r up t i on byt h e Romi st s
. I t e q ua llymi li t a t e sa ga i n st t h e
p ur i t yoft h e C ulde e s.
I n fa c t i t i sme r e n on se n se ,for t h e r e c a n be n odoubt t h a t t h e c r osswa s
on e oft h e most c ommon oft h e Ge n t i le symbols,a n dwa sa dop t e dbyt h e C h r i st i a n s
li ke a llt h e i r
ot h e r r i t e sa n dc e r e mon i e s
fr omt h e Ge n t i le s-a n dt h i sa sse r t i on I wi llp r ove ,be for e I fi n i sh t h i s
wor k.
Not h i n g i n
myop i n i on c a n mor e c le a r lysh e wt h e i de n t i t yoft h e t wosyst e msoft h e C h r i st i a n
p r i e st s,a n doft h e a n c i e n t wor sh i p e r soft h e S un ,t h a n t h e fa c t ,un q ue st i on a blyp r ove d,t h a t t h e
si gn or mon ogr a muse dbybot h wa si de n t i c a llyt h e sa me
. I t i sa bsolut e lyi mp ossi ble t h a t t h i s
c a n h e t h e e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t
.
3
. Th e followi n ga r e mon ogr a msofC h r i st ,
but i t i sun q ue st i on a ble ,t h a t t h e ya r e a lso
mon ogr a msofJup i t e r Ammon
. Th e sa me c h a r a c t e r i sfoun dup on on e oft h e me da lsofDe c i a s,
t h e gr e a t p e r se c ut or oft h e C h r i st i a n s,wi t h t h i swor dup on i t ,
BA
yP
c ATO
. 3
Th i sc i p h e r i sa lso
foun don t h e st a ffofI si sa n dofOsi r i s
. Th e r e i s . a lsoe xi st i n ga me da lofPt olomy,ki n gofC y-
r e n e ,h a vi n ga n e a gle c a r r yi n ga t h un de r bolt ,wi t h t h e mon ogr a mofC h r i st ,t osi gn i fyt h e or a c le
ofJup i t e r Ammon ,wh i c h wa si n t h e n e i gh bour h oodofC yr e n e ,a n di n t h e ki n gdomofPt olomy
. 4
Ba sn a ge sa ys,
"
Not h i n gc a n be mor e op p osi t e t oJe susC h r i st t h a n t h e or a c le ofJup i t e r

Ammom
. An dye t t h e sa me c i p h e r se r ve dt h e fa lse Goda swe lla st h e t r ue on e ; for we se e a

me da lofPt olomy,ki n gofC yr e n e ,h a vi n ga n e a gle c a r r yi n ga t h un de r -bolt ,wi t h t h e mon ogr a m

"
ofC h r i st t osi gn i fyt h e Or a c le ofJup i t e r Ha mmon . "S
Dr
. C la r ke h a sgi ve n a dr a wi n gofa me da l,foun di n t h e Rui n sofC i t i um,i n C yp r us,wh i c h h e
sh e wsi sPh oe n i c i a n ,a n d,t h e r e for e ,ofve r ygr e a t a n t i q ui t y . Th i sme da lp r ove st h a t t h e La mb,
t h e h olyc r oss,a n dt h e r osa r y,we r e i n use i n a ve r yr e mot e p e r i od,a n dt h a t t h e ya llwe n t t oge t h e r ,
lon gbe for e t h e t i me ofJe susofNa z a r e t h .
I t i sr e la t e dbyS oc r a t e st h a t wh e n t h e t e mp le ofS e r a p i s,a t Ale xa n dr i a ,wa sde moli sh e dbyon e
oft h e C h r i st i a n e mp e r or si n h i sp i ousz e a la ga i n st t h e de mon swh oi n h a bi t e dt h ose p la c e s,un de r
t h e n a me sofGods,t h a t be n e a t h t h e foun da t i on wa sdi sc ove r e dt h e mon ogr a mofC h r i st ,a n dt h a t
t h e C h r i st i a n sma de use oft h e c i r c umst a n c e a sa n a r gume n t i n fa vour oft h e i r r e li gi on ,t h e r e by
ma ki n gma n yc on ve r t s .
I t i sve r yc ur i oust h a t t h i sun e xp e c t e dc i r c umst a n c e sh ouldh a ve c a r r i e d
c on vi c t i on (a swe le a r n t h a t i t di d)t ot h e mi n dsoft h e p h i losop h e r soft h e fa lsi t yoft h e r e li gi on of
C h r i st ,a n dt ot h e mi n dsoft h e C h r i st i a n sofi t st r ut h
.
Un q ue st i on a blywh e n t h e C h r i st i a n sh e ld
t h a t t h e di ggi n gup oft h i smon ogr a mfr omun de r t h e r ui n soft h e t e mp le swa sa p r ooft h a t t h e y
sh ouldbe ove r t h r own byt h e C r ossofC h r i st ,wi t h t h e C h r i st i a n Roma n Emp e r or a n dh i sle gi on s
a t t h e i r e lbow,t h e ywouldh a ve t h e be st oft h e a r gume n t
. But wh a t wa sst i llmor e t ot h e p ur -
' I n d . An t . Vol . VI . p . 1 04 ; C e lt i c Dr ui ds, by t h e Aut h or .
s
Ruffi n us, Vol. I I . p . 2 9 ; S oz ome n sa yst h e sa me ,Hi st .
Ec c l . Vol. VI I . p
. 1 5 .
' I susp e c t t h a t t h i swor dh a vi n gbe e n i n sc r i be don a c oi n i sc i r c ula r ,a n dma ye i t h e r be gi n or e n dwi t h t h e 0-t h a t
i t ough t t obe
OBAI AT, a n dt h a t i t i s
a He br e wwor dwr i t t e n i n Gr e e kle t t e r s,me a n i n g t h e C r e a t or ,for me d fr om
t h e wor d
n t n 7 br a
t oc r e a t e . Th e X i s p ut i n t h e mi ddle of t h e wor d,t h e sa me a st h e S a ma c h or
Me wfi n a l,i n t h e
p a ssa ge of I sa i a h ,a n dfor t h e sa me r e a son .
4 Ba s . B . i i i . C h . xxi i i . S . i i i .

6 X I M,r ggsor , S c a li ge r i n Euse b

. C h r on . ,Hi st . Je ws, B. i i i . C h . xxi i i .
2 2 0
C r ossofEz e ki e la n dOt h e r s
p ose ,t h e p a ga n r e li gi on wa sout offa sh i on
. Re a son h a sh i t h e r t oh a dli t t le or n ot h i n gt odowi t h
r e li gi on
.
On t h i ssubje c t oft h e c r ossMr
. Ma ur i c e sa ys,"Le t n ot t h e p i e t yoft h e C a t h oli c C h r i st i a n be
"
offe n de da t t h e p r e c e di n ga sse r t i on ,t h a t t h e c r osswa son e oft h e most usua lsymbolsa mon gt h e
"
h i e r oglyp h i c sofEgyp t a n dI n di a
. Eq ua llyh on our e di n t h e Ge n t i le a n dt h e C h r i st i a n wor ld,
"
t h i se mble mofun i ve r sa ln a t ur e ,oft h a t wor ldt owh ose four q ua r t e r si t sdi ve r gi n gr a di i p oi n t e d,
"
de c or a t e dt h e h a n dsofmost oft h e sc ulp t ur e di ma ge si n t h e for me r c oun t r y ; a n di n t h e la t t e r
"
st a mp e di t sfor mup on t h e most ma je st i c oft h e sh r i n e soft h e i r de i t i e s . " 1 I t h i n kMr . Ma ur i c e
sh ouldh a ve sa i dt h i se mble moft h e p r oli fi c p owe r s ofn a t ur e . I n t h e c a ve ofEle p h a n t a ,i n I n di a ,
ove r t h e h e a doft h e fi gur e wh oi sde st r oyi n gt h e i n fa n t s,wh e n c e t h e st or yofHe r oda r i dt h e i n -
fa n t sa t Be t h le h e m(wh i c h wa sun kn own t oa llt h e Je wi sh ,Roma n ,a n dGr e c i a n h i st or i a n s)t ook
i t sor i gi n ,ma ybe se e n t h e Mi t r e ,t h e C r oz i e r ,a n dt h e C r oss ; a n d,a li t t le i n t h e fr on t oft h e
gr oup ,a la r ge Li n ga m,t h e e mble mofge n e r a t i on ,t h e c r e a t i ve p owe r ofn a t ur e
. 2
4 . Mr
. Ma ur i c e obse r ve s,t h a t i n Egyp t ,a swe lla si n I n di a ,t h e le t t e r T,or i n ot h e r wor ds,t h e
C r oss,or t h e C r uxHe r mi s,
wa sve r yc ommon ,i n wh i c h for mma n yoft h e t e mp le sofI n di a a r e
bui lt ,a n dt h ose i n p a r t i c ula r de di c a t e dt oC r i st n a :
a sfor e xa mp le ,t h ose a t Ma t t e r e a or Ma t t r a ,
a r i da t Be n a r e s .
D'An c a r vi lle a r i dt h e ge n e r a li t yofmyt h ologi st se xp la i n t h i ssymbolt or e fe r t o
t h e De i t yi n h i sc r e a t i ve c a p a c i t y,i n bot h a n c i e n t Egyp t a n dI n di a
.
Mr . Br uc e fr e q ue n t lyme t
wi t h i t i n h i st r a ve lsi n t h e h i gh e r Egyp t a n dAbyssi n i a ,a n di t wa sa lsove r yoft e n n ot i c e dbyDr .
C la r ke
. I t wa sc ommon lyc a lle dt h e c r uxa n sa t a ,
i n t h i sfor m a n dwa swh a t wa sr e fe r r e d
t oi n Ez e ki e l, 3 i n t h e Vulga t e ,a n dt h e a n c i e n t
S e p t ua gi n t ,a c c or d- i n gt oLowt h ,r e n de r e d, "I
"
wi llma r kt h e mi n t h e for e h e a dwi t h t h e Tor Ta u . " I t i sa lso r e fe r r e dt obyTe r t ulli a n ,
wh e n h e sa yst h a t t h e De vi lsi gn e dh i ssoldi e r si n t h e for e h e a di n i mi t a t i on oft h e C h r i st i a n s . I t i s
c e r t a i n lyve r yr e ma r ka ble t h a t Godsh ouldse le c t t h i sMi t h r a i t i c symbolfor t h e ma r kt odi st i n gui sh
t h e e le c t fr omt h ose t h a t we r e t obe sla i n byt h e swor doft h e de st r oye r s . Th i sma yfur n i sh a n o-
t h e r r e a son wh yC h r i st i a n ssh ouldmode r a t e t h e i r a n ge r a ga i n st t h ose wh ouse dt h i ssymboloft h e
c r e a t i ve p owe r ofGod . 4 Th e La t i n Vulga t e 5 doe si n fa c t r e a d, " Yoush a llma r kt h e i r for e h e a d
"
wi t h t h e le t t e r Th a u,"i . e . Ta uo-i e lov,a r i dn ot a sa t p r e se n t i n t h e LX X
.
To o- t si ov . B
I n
t h e Ma z or e t i c He br e wi t i s 1 r t t a u, wh i c h c on fi r mst h e Vulga t e a n dsh e wswh a t i t wa sc on si de r e d
t obe byt h e Ma z or i t e soft h e mi ddle a ge s .
Th e c r osswa smuc h ve n e r a t e dbyt h e c a ba li st soft h e
e a r lyC h r i st i a n swh oe n de a vour e dt oble n dt h e a r c a n a ofPla t oa n dt h e n ume r i c a ldoc t r i n e sofPy-
t h a gor a swi t h t h e myst e r i e sofC h r i st i a n i t y. I h a ve n odoubt t h a t i t i se i t h e r t h e or i gi n oft h e
wor dsTa ut a n dTh ot h ,n a me soft h e Egyp t i a n Gods,or ,t h a t t h e se wor dsa r e t h e or i gi n a lsfr om
wh i c h i t c a me ; a n dp e r h a p soft h e Th or oft h e C e lt s,wh owe n t i n t oHe lla n dbr ui se dt h e h e a dof
t h e gr e a t sn a ke . Th e mon ogr a moft h e S c a n di n a vi a n Me r c ur ywa sr e p r e se n t e dbya c r oss
. Th e
Mon ogr a moft h e Egyp t i a n Ta ut i sfor me dbyt h r e e c r osse st h us,
T
un i t e da t t h e fe e t ,
a n dfor ms,t ot h i sda y,t h e je we loft h e r oya la r c h a mon gfr e e ma -
-
'~son s. I t i st h e fi gur e
,-}-,a n di sX =6 00H=8 =6 08 .
Th e S a ma r i t a n sh a d,i n ve r ye a r lyt i me s,t h e Ta uoft h e i r a lp h a be t i n t h e for moft h e Gr e e kTa u,
a si sc le a r lyp r ove dbyt h e i r a n c i e n t S h e ke ls,on wh i c h i t i ssoi n sc r i be d
. 'S t . Je r oma n dOr i ge n
'
Ma ur i c e , I n d . An t . Vol. I . p . 3 5 9 .
s
For be s'sOr i e n t a lMe moi r s, Vol. I I I . C h . xxxv. p
. 4 4 8 .
3 C h . i x. ve r . 4 .

' Ma ur i c e ,I n d
. An t . Vol. VI
. P
. 6 7 .

Ez e ki e lC h . i x . ve r .
4 .
6 Ma ur i c e ,Hi st
. Hi n d
.
Vol . I . p . 2 4 5 .
7
Th e r e a de r ma yfi n dsome c ur i ousobse r va t i on son t h e C r uxAn sa t a i n Mon t h lyMa ga z i n e ,
Vol . LVI ,No. I I I
. p . 3 8 8 .
BookV. C h a p t e r I V . S e c t i on 5

2 2 1
bot h
a sse r t t h a t i t wa ssoi n S a ma r i t a n c op i e soft h e Pe n t a t e uc h i n t h e i r da y. Th e C e lt i c la n -
gua ge ofWa le sh a si t a lsoi n t h e for mofa Ta u,t h ough a li t t le c h a n ge dt h us,t . Th i st e n dst o
p r ove t h a t t h e Gr e e ksa n dC e lt sh a dt h e i r le t t e r sfr omt h e S a ma r i t a n s,or e a r lyC h a lde a n s . Mi gh t
n ot t h e Ta t or Ta ut be TT=6 00,or TTL=6 5 0 ?
Th i swi llbe e xp la i n e dbya n dby
.
On t h e de c a dor t h e n umbe r X ,t h e Pyt h a gor e a n ssa y,"Th a t t e n i sa p e r fe c t n umbe r ,e ve n t h e
~ most p e r fe c t ofa lln umbe r s,c omp r e h e n di n gi n i t a lldi ffe r e n c e ofn umbe r s,a llr e a son s,sp e c i e s,
~~a n dp r op or t i on s
. For ,i ft h e n a t ur e oft h e un i ve r se be de fi n e da c c or di n gt ot h e r e a son sa n dp r o-
p or t i on s p or t i on sofn umbe r s
; a n dt h a t wh i c h i sp r oduc e d,a n di n c r e a se d,a n dp e r fe c t e d,p r oc e e da c c or d-
i n gt ot h e r e a son sofn umbe r s
; a n dt h e de c a dc omp r e h e n dse ve r yr e a son ofn umbe r ,a n de ve r y
~~p r op or t i on a n da llsp e c i e s
; wh ysh ouldn ot n a t ur e i t se lfbe t e r me dbyt h e n a me oft e n ,X ,t h e
~~most p e r fe c t n umbe r ? "
I
Th e He xa dor n umbe r
si x
i sc on si de r e dbyt h e Pyt h a gor e a n sa p e r fe c t a n dsa c r e dn umbe r ; a mon g
ma n yot h e r r e a son s,be c a use i t di vi de st h e un i ve r se i n t oe q ua lp a r t s
.
2
I t i sc a lle dVe n usor t h e
mot h e r .
I t i sa lsop e r fe c t ,be c a use i t i st h e on lyn umbe r un de r X ,t e n ,wh i c h i swh ole a n de q ua l
i n i t sp a r t s . I n He br e w VAU
i s si x . I s va u mot h e r EVA or Evi l ?
mi n
e ua .
5
. Th e Ra bbi n ssa y,t h a t wh e n Aa r on wa sma de h i gh -p r i e st h e wa sma r ke don t h e for e h e a dby
Mose swi t h a fi gur e li ke t h e Gr e e kX
3
Th i si st h e S a ma c h i n g
. Th i sle t t e r X i n t h e Gr e e kla n -
gua ge me a n t 6 00,t h e n umbe r oft h e Ne r os .
I t a n swe r e dt ot h e Me mfi n a loft h e He br e ws,foun d
i n sop e c uli a r a ma n n e r i n t h e mi ddle oft h e wor d r mn o5
lmr be i n I sa i a h . We e ve r ywh e r e me e t
wi t h X me a n i n g6 00,a n dX Ha n dTHEme a n i n g6 08 ,t h e mon ogr a msofBa c c h usa c c or di n gt o
Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla ,i n t h e c h ur c h e sa n dmon ume n t si n I t a lyde di c a t e dt oJe susC h r i st ; a n di n
t h i si sfoun da st r i ki n gp r oofofwh a t I h a ve sa i dbe for e ,i n t h e be gi n n i n goft h i sbook,r e sp e c t i n g
t h e t woNe r ose s
; for t h e use oft h e X for 6 00,a n dt h e X Ha n d
TMfor 6 08 , I NDI S C RI MI NATELY
AS MONOGRAMS
OF C HRI S T,
c on n e c t t h e ma lt oge t h e r ,a n dp r ove t h a t t h e t woNe r ose s,t h e on e of
6 00a n dt h e ot h e r 6 08 ,h a dt h e sa me or i gi n
.
Th i smust n ot be lost si gh t of,for i t i sa gr a n dli n k
wh i c h c on n e c t sC h r i st i a n i t ywi t h t h e a n c i e n t or i e n t a lmyt h ose s,i n a ma n n e r wh i c h c a n n ot be di s-
p ut e d,a n dmost un q ue st i on a blyp r ove st h e t r ut h oft h e doc t r i n e ofAmmon i a sS a c c a s,t h a t t h e t wo
r e li gi on sa r e i n p r i n c i p le i de n t i c a l
. I do n ot
kn owwh a t p e r son sma ybe li e ve on t h i ssubje c t :
but
I dokn owt h a t t h i si se vi de n c e ,a n dc on c lusi ve e vi de n c e
.
Th e T,Ta u,wa st h e i n st r ume n t ofde a t h ,but i t wa sa lso(a sbe for e me n t i on e d)wh a t Ez e ki e l
or de r e dt h e p e op le i n Je r usa le mt obe ma r ke dwi t h ,wh owe r e t obe
sa ve dfr omt h e de st r oye r . I t
wa sa lsot h e e mble moft h e Ta r a n i sor t h e Th ot h or Te ut a t e sor
TAT 4 or 1 'i e r me sor Buddh a a mon g
t h e Dr ui ds . I t wa sc a lle dt h e C r ux He r mi s
. Th e oldHe br e w,t h e Ba st ula n ,a n dt h e Pe la sgi a n ,
h a ve t h e le t t e r Ta ut h us,X
; t h e Et r usc a n ,+X
; t h e C op t i c ,+ ; t h e Pun i c , )(X . I t i sn ot un -
li ke lyt h a t t h e Gr e e kp r i e st sc h a n ge dt h e i r le t t e r sa sma r ksofn ot a t i on ,fr omt h e a n c i e n t Ph oe n i -
c i a n or C a dme a n ,byt h e i n t r oduc t i on oft h e
e p i se mon ba u or va u, t oma ke t h e msui t t h e myst e r y
c on t a i n e di n t h e sa c r e dn umbe r 6 08 ,a n dt h e wor dde r i ve dfr omt h e He br e wwor d
t o sa ve a n d t h e
sa c r e dc r oss
. Th ust h e le t t e r X st oodfor t h e 6 00oft h e He br e ws,for Ez e ki e l'ssa c r e dma r kof
sa lva t i on ,a n dfor t h e a st r on omi c a lor a st r ologi c a lc yc le
.
Not h i n gc a n be mor e c ommon t h a n t h e le t t e r X i n I t a lya sa mon ogr a mofC h r i st
. But we
h a ve se e n a bove ,fr omPla t o,a sq uot e dbyt h e c e le br a t e dJust i n Ma r t yr ,t h a t i t wa st h e e mble m
' Mode r a t usofGa z a a p udS t a n le y,Hi st
. Pyt h . P. I X . C h . i v .
=I n C h a p t e r sx . a n dxi v . ofPa r t I X
. ofS t a n le y'sHi st or y of Ph i losop h yma yh e se e n a bun da n t p r oofs,t h a t t h e
sc i e n c e ofPyt h a gor a sr e la t i n gt on umbe r sh a dbe e n t h e n a lon gt i me t ot a llylost
. For t h e myst e r yofle t t e r sse e Jon e s
on t h e C a n on ,
Vol . I I . p
. 4 2 5 ;
a lsoBa sn a ge ,B . i i i . C h . xxvi . S e c t
. i i ,i i i .
3 Li fe ofUsh e r , p . 3 4 8
.

' S e e B. v .
C h . i . S e c t . 2 .
2 2 2

C h r i sn i on S a n c t i Amh r ogli i
oft h e
S on ofGod, t h e Logos,wh i c h S on ofGodi sde c la r e dove r a n dove r a ga i n byJust i n t obe
di vi n e wi sdom,i
. e . t h e sa me a sBuddh a
. Wh e n e ve r p r ose lyt e swe r e a dmi t t e di n t ot h e r e li gi on of
t h e Bull-ofMi t h r a -t h e ywe r e ma r ke di n t h e for e h e a dwi t h t h i sma r kof6 00,X . Th e i n i t i a t e d
we r e ma r ke dwi t h t h i ssi gn a lso,wh e n t h e ywe r e a dmi t t e di n t ot h e myst e r i e sofEle usi s
. We
c on st a n t lyse e t h e Ta ua n dt h e Re sh un i t e dt h us Th e se t wole t t e r si n t h e oldS a ma r i t a n ,a s
foun don c oi n s,st a n dt h e fi r st for 4 00,t h e se c on d for 2 00=6 00. Th i si st h e st a ffofOsi r i s . I t i s
a lsot h e mon ogr a mofOsi r i s,a n dh a sbe e n a dop t e dbyt h e C h r i st i a n s,a n di st obe se e n i n t h e
c h ur c h e si n I t a lyi n t h ousa n dsofp la c e s
. S e e Ba sn a ge ,(Li b . i i i . C a p . xxi i i . ,)wh e r e se ve r a lot h e r
i n st a n c e soft h i ski n dma ybe foun d
. I n Addi son 'sTr a ve lsi n I t a lyt h e r e i sa n a c c oun t ofa me da l,
a t Rome ,ofC on st a n t i us,wi t h t h i si n sc r i p t i on
: I n h oc si gn oVi c t or e r i s P . I n t h e Abbe yc h ur c h
a t Ba t h ,t h e mon ogr a mon t h e mon ume n t ofAr c h de a c on Th oma sla t e lybur i e di st h us : F. Th i s
sh e wsh owlon ga sup e r st i t i on wi llla st ,a ft e r i t sme a n i n gi sq ui t e lost
.
Dr
. Da n i e lC la r ke h a sma de se ve r a lst r i ki n gobse r va t i on sr e sp e c t i n gt h e C r uxAn sa t a . Aft e r
r e p e a t i n gt h e we ll-kn own obse r va t i on ofS oc r a t e sS c h ola st i c us,t h a t i t me a n t
li fe t o
c ome , h e sa ys,

Ki r c h e r 'si n ge n ui t yh a dgui de dh i mt oa n e xp la n a t i on oft h e

c r ux a n sa t a , a s a mon ogr a m wh i c h
"
doe sn ot mi li t a t e a ga i n st t h e si gn i fi c a t i on t h usobt a i n e d
. He sa ys,i t c on si st e doft h e le t t e r s
"
(DT, de n ot i n g
Pt h a , a n a me ofMe r c ur y,Th ot h ,Ta ut ,or Pt h a
. "He t h e n obse r ve s,t h a t i t wa s
oft e n use da sa ke y,a n dmi gh t be t h e foun da t i on oft h e n ume r ousa llusi on si n sa c r e dwr i t ,t ot h e
ke ysofHe a ve n ,ofHe ll,a n dofDe a t h
I n a n ot e ,h e sa ys, " S e dn on e r a t ullumt e mp lum,i n

q uon on fi gur a c r uc i sa n sa t c e ,
ut e ume r udi t i voc a n t : swp i usvi xe n da oc c ur r e r e t ,h odi e q ue i n
"
r ude r i busa c r ui n i se t i a mn umoc c ur r a t
. Ejush we e st sp e c i e s . ~ . . . . C r uc e mve r oi st a ma n -

sa t a m,q ua e i n omn i bus)Egyp t i or umt e mp li ssa e p i usfi c t a e t p i t t a e xt a ba t ,q ua msi gn a de or um

"
i gyp t i or umma n ut e n e r e sole n t ,q ua e p a r t e mfa c i t or n a t i sS a c e r dot a li s,n i h i la li ude sse q ua m
i 0 p h a llum
. " 1 "
Ja mbli c ust h i n kst h e c r uxa n sa t a wa st h e n a me oft h e Di vi n e Be i n g
. . . . S ome -

t i me si t i sr e p r e se n t e dbya c r ossfa st e n e dt oa
c i r c le a sa bove : i n ot h e r i n st a n c e s,wi t h t h e
An dwh e n a c c omp a n i e dbyt h e c i r c le ,i t i st h e Li n ga a n dlon i ofI n di a un i t e d
. Th e De i t yVa g
p r e si de di n t h e ki n gdomof
Omp t h a ,Om-t h a ,
t h e c yc le Om. He r e we h a ve t h e c yc le of6 00,t h e
Om
ofI sa i a h ,t h e c r ossofC h r i st ,a n dt h e
Om-t h a
ofEgyp t a llun i t e d . Th e Gr e e kn umbe r smust
h a ve be e n on c e t h e sa me a st h e He br e wa bove ,a n dh a ve be e n c h a n ge d,a st h e r e a de r wi llbe
c on vi n c e d i n
a mome n t ,byc on si de r i n gt h e t woa lp h a be t si n myTa ble ofAlp h a be t s,p a ge 1 0
.
Th e Gr e e kTa uwa sa n c i e n t lywr i t t e n -p . 3
6
. Th e mon ogr a mwh i c h 'c on st i t ut e sfi gur e 9 ,I c op i e dfr oma ba ddr a wi n gofa st on e a t t h e
ba c koft h e C h oi r i n t h e Duomoa t Mi la n ,le n t t ome byt h e S a c r i st a n ,wh ot oldme t h a t i t h a d
be e n t h e n la t e lyr e move d,i n c on se q ue n c e ofa ge n t le ma n fr omNa p le sh a vi n gn ot i c e di t ,a n d
h a vi n gma de a dr a wi n gofi t
. He h a dc ome fr omNa p le son p ur p ose
. I sa wi t t h e r e myse lft h e
fi r st t i me I we n t t oMi la n ;
wh e n I we n t a ga i n i t wa sgon e
. (Th e c h ur c h i sve r ydi sc r e e t
. )Th e
followi n gi st h e de sc r i p t i on ofi t ,t a ke n fr omNuova De sc r i z i on e De lDuomodi Mi la n o,p r e sso
I Vi de Ja blon ski ,Pa n t h . gyp . I . 2 8 2 .

'
C la r ke 'sTr a ve ls, Vol. I I I .
P.
1 07 .
3 Vi de Pa r kbur st 'sLe xi c on i n voc e T.
" le t t e r

fi xe di n t h i sma n n e r
t oa c i r c le
. " 2
oldKi r c h e r sa ysi st r ue ,t h a t i t me a n s+X =6 00 .
T
on ly,
I t h i n kfe wp e r son swi lldoubt ,wh a t
-P=
5 00
PTh a s
6
- 9

= 6 00
a = 1
S = 9 0
BookV
. C h a p t e r I V. S e c t i on 6

2 2 3
Fe r di n a n doAr t a r i a ,1 8 2 0 : " Non lun gi da q ue st omon ume n t osi ve de i n c a st r a t a n e lmur oun a
"p i e t r a ,la q ua le ,e n t r oa mi st e r i osoc e r c h i oc on t i e n e sc olp i t oi t mon ogr a mma ossi a 1 'a bbr e vi a t ur a
"
de ln ome de lS a lva t or e i n le t t e r e Gr e c h e t oll'a lfa e dome ga da ll'un a e da ll'a lt r a p a r t e ,a n t i c a -
me n t e me n t e c h i a ma t oi t c r i sma osi a or a c olodi S . Ambr ogi o : La n dolfo,sc r i t t or e Mi la n e se ,a ssi c ur a

t h e q ue st ose r vi va di p r i moe le me n t oa i c a t e c umi n i p e r i n i z i a r li n e i mi st e r i de lla fi de . S ot t o

q ue st a p i e t r a e da gli or n a me n t i de ma r mot h e vi son ost a t i p ost i di ut or n o,le gge si la i sc r i z i on e
"se q ue n c e ,i n p a r t e ma sc h e r a t a da un c on fe ssi on a le
" C I RC ULUS
- Hi c ' S UMMI C ONTI NET NOMI NA - REGI S ' Q UEM' S I NE - PRI NC I PI O ET S I NE

FI NE VI DES - p r i n c i p i um c um-fi n e Ti bi de si gn a t A e t 'S n e lla a n t i c a la p i da e r a a g-

gi un t o
"X . ET - P
. C HRI S TI NOMI NA ' S ANC TA TENET . "
I n t h e n e xt p a ge ,3 0,i sa de sc r i p t i on oft h e la st foot st e p on Moun t Oli ve t ,t h usp r i n t e d

Nost r oS i gn or e I HV-C r i st o . "

I n t h e C h r i smon a bove a r e t h e Et r usc a n Ta u4 00a n dt h e Re sh
2 00=6 00.
I n mye ssa yon Th e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,(p . 2 6 4 ,)I h a ve sh e wn a n e xa mp le fr omDr .
C la r ke ofa mi xt ur e oft h e Ph oe n i c i a n a n dEt r usc a n le t t e r si n a Ph oe n i c i a n i n sc r i p t i on i n Et r usc a n
c h a r a c t e r s .
I n t h i sma gi c a lde vi c e ofS t
. Ambr ose ,wh i c h i sa C ROS S WI THEI GHTPOI NTS , h e r e a r e t h e Alp h a
a n dOme ga ,t h e we ll-kn own e mble msofe t e r n i t y,un i t e dt ot h e c yc le of6 00,t h e X a n dP,p r o-
n oun c e dt obe e mble msofe t e r n a lli fe . S e e p la t e s,fi g. 9 .
Th e le a r n e dS p e n c e r sa ys,"Nome n soli smyst i c uma dn ume r umoc t oe t se xc e n t or ump e r ve n i e -

ba t ,ut i n osdoc e t Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla . I da ui e mh oc modon ot a ba t ur ,X H

. C a ba li st i c usi lle

de or umn omi n a de si gn a n di moduse oa n t i q ui or h a be a t ur ,q uodve r i De i (n e mp e C h r i st i )n ome n

myst i c i sn ume r i se xp r e ssum,i n c la r oi llove n i gma t e . I S i bylli n or e p e r i a mus : q ua mvi sh a n d

a de oi n t e r doc t osc on ve n i a t c ui n a r n C h r i st i n omi n i ve lt i t ulo,n ume r usi lle me li usc on gr ua t

. " 2
Th e Abbe Pluc h e sa yst h a t t h e Egyp t i a n sma r ke dt h e i r GodC a n obusi n di ffe r e n t lywi t h a Tor a
4 .
Th e Va i sh n a va sofI n di a h a ve a lsot h e sa me sa c r e dJa r ,wh i c h t h e ya lsoma r kwi t h c r osse s
t h usr }+,a n dwi t h t r i a n gle st h us
` K.
Th e ve st me n t oft h e p r i e st sofHor usi sc ove r e dwi t h t h e se
c r osse s 4 - . 3
Th i si st h e sa me a st h e dr e ssoft h e La ma ofTi be t .
Th e se a r e t h e se c t a r i a n ma r ks
oft h e Ja i n s,

4
Th e di st i n c t i ve ba dge oft h e se c t ofX a c a Ja p on i c us,i st h i s
Th e r e li gi on oft h e Ja i n s,Buddh a ,or X a c a ,a n dFo,a llh a vi n gbe e n p r ove dt h e sa me ,we h a ve
h e r e t h e si gn ofFo,i de n t i c a lwi t h t h e c r ossofC h r i st
.
I n Mon t fa uc on
a
ma ybe se e n se ve r a lme da lsofAn ubi sor Noubi s,wh e r e h e i sc a lle dX a n dT,
Noubi sor Noumi s,or i n h i sfi g
. 1 0,An oubi s .
Aga i n ,
I n t h e sa me
7
i sa me da lwi t h t h e le t t e r s$PH
. 4 ~=5 00,P=1 00,H=8 ,=6 08 . I n t h e sa me
p la t e ,No
. 3 6 ,i sa youn gma n c r own e d
;
wi t h a c up i n on e ba n d,a n dt h e le t t e r sX on on e si de of
h i m,a n d0on t h e ot h e r
; t h i sla st i sa n Et r usc a n le t t e r ,wh i c h st a n dsfor 8 ,X 0=6 08
. An ot h e r ,
n ot n umbe r e d,a bove 3 3 ,e xh i bi t sa fe ma le n ur si n ga c h i ld,wi t h e a r sofc or n i n h e r h a n d,a n dt h e
le ge n d wa s,la o
.
S h e i sse a t e don c louds,a st a r i sa t h e r h e a d,a n dt h r e e e a r sofc or n a r e r i si n g
fr oma n a lt a r be for e h e r .
Th e r e a di n goft h e Gr e e kle t t e r s,fr omr i gh t t ole ft ,sh e wst h i st obe n o
p r oduc e of mode r n
Gn ost i c i sm,but t obe ve r ya n c i e n t
.
' Or a c . S i byl . Li
. P
. 1 7 1 ,e d . Pa r . 1 6 9 9 .
=S p e n c e r ,Li b . i i . C a p . xi v . p . 3 6 5 .

3 S e e C a ylus,Vol . VI . Pl. 7 ;
Va ll
. C ol. Vol
. VI
. p . 1 8 5 .
4 S e e Moor e 'sI n d. Pa n t h e on ,p p . 4 01 ,4 5 1 .

'
Ge or gi us,Alp h a b . Ti b . Ap . I I I .
P .
7 2 5 .
6 An t . Exp . Vol . I I . Pl . 4 9 .

7
I bi d. Vol . I I . Pl. 5 0,Fi g. 1 4 .
2 2 4 S a c r e dNumbe r si n t h e Te mp le sofBr i t a i n
I t i st h e c ommon a n dun sa t i sfa c t or ywa yofa c c oun t i n gfor t h e myst i c a lc h a r a c t e r ofme da lsof
t h i ski n d,t ot h r owt h e ma lla si de a st h e i dle sup e r st i t i on soft h e Gn ost i c C h r i st i a n s
. But h e r e
t h e st yle ofwr i t i n gfr omr i gh t t ole ft p r ove st h e for e goi n gt obe ofa da t e lon gp r i or t oC h r i st i a n i t y .
Th e i dle a n dun foun de dp le a ofGn ost i c C h r i st i a n i t yh a sbe e n ofi n e st i ma ble va lue t ot h e C h r i st i a n
p r i e st h ood,bye n a bli n gt h e mt oc on c e a lma n yve r yi mp or t a n t fa c t s,wh i c h ,i n c on se q ue n c e oft h i s
p le a ,c a n n ot be a dduc e da se vi de n c e ofa n c i e n t doc t r i n e s
. We r e i t n ot for t h i sp le a I sh ouldfi lla
bookwi t h t h e se fa c t s
.
I n Dr . Da n i e lC la r ke 'sTr a ve ls,a t t h e h e a dofC h a p t e r X I . ofVolI I
. ,wi llbe foun da p r i n t of
t h e me da loft h e a n c i e n t Ph oe n i c i a n sfoun da t C i t i umor C yp r us,be for e n a me d,on on e si de of
wh i c h a r e a r a mc ouc h a n t ,a n don t h e ot h e r t h e c r oss,t h e r osa r y,a n dt wole t t e r sor fi gur e s .
Th e followi n ga r e c op i e s,t a ke n most c a r e fullyfr omMr . Ast le 'st a ble oft h e ge n e r a la lp h a be t of
t h e Et r usc a n s :H
n e e (9
; M
(%,)
'
i I r
.
I a sk,ma yn ot t h e se t wole t t e r son t h e me da l,
c on n e c t e dh e r e wi t h t h e la mb,t h e c r oss,t h e c i r c le ,a n dt h e r osa r y,(t h e la t t e r foun di n t h e
h a n dsofmost Hi n dooGods,)si gn i fyM. 6 00,H . 8 ? Th e le t t e r M,a sde sc r i be don t h i sme da l,
di ffe r sbot h fr omt h e c lose da n dt h e op e n Me moft h e He br e ws,i n sh a p e ,but a st h e r e i sa
va r i e t yofwa ysi n wh i c h t h e a n c i e n t Et r usc a n sfor me dt h i sle t t e r ,we c a n n e ve r be c e r t a i n t h a t
t h i sma yn ot h a ve be e n a Me mfi n a lst a n di n gfor 6 00,li ke t h a t oft h e He br e ws
. Th e fi gur e for
t h e Hi se vi de n t lyt h e or i gi n ofour 8 . An dh e r e ,a sjoi n e dwi t h t h e Me ma n dc on n e c t e dwi t h a ll
t h e ot h e r c i r c umst a n c e s,r a i se sa ve r yst r on gp r e sump t i on t h a t t h e c e le br a t e d6 08 i sme a n t . '
Wh e n I c on si de r a llt h e c olla t e r a lc i r c umst a n c e sa t t e n di n gt h i sme da l,I c a n n ot h e lp t h i n ki n gt h a t
ma n yt h i n gsa r e r e c e i ve di n wh i c h t h e i ma gi n a t i on i smor e t a xe dt h a n i n t h i s
. I a ffi r mn ot h i n g
e xc e p t t h a t I wi sh some on e t ogi ve me a mor e r a t i on a le xp la n a t i on oft h e t wole t t e r sor fi gur e s
.
I be gmyr e a de r t or e c olle c t we t r e a don myst i c gr oun d .
Th e vot a r i e soft h e Roma n C h ur c h c on st a n t lyma r kt h e mse lve swi t h t h e c r oss-t h e e mble mof
6 00. Th e ywi llsa y,t h e ydoi t i n c omme mor a t i on oft h e suffe r i n gsoft h e i r S a vi our
. Wh e n I
c on si de r t h e p e c uli a r i t yoft h e c yc le sa n de p oc h si n S i a m,t h a t ofMr . Be n t le y,t h e
Me m fi n a lof
I sa i a h ,h i sp r op h e c y,t h a t ofZor a dush t ,oft h e S i byl,a n dofVi r gi l,a n da lsot h a t oft h e Dr ui dof
Boc h a r a i n I r e la n d,t h e ma gi c a lc h a r a c t e r oft h e di sp ut e dc h a p t e r si n Luke a n dMa t t h e w,a n dt h e
X a n d I HY,X H, t h e mon ogr a msoft h e bla c kC h r i st ,I c a n n ot h e lp be li e vi n gt h a t t h e ya llr e fe r
t ot h e sa me p e r son -Buddh a -or t h e C h r i st ,t h e bla c kGodoft h e t e mp le ofBe t h le h e m,but n ot t o
Je susofNa z a r e t h ; a n d,i n sup p or t oft h i sop i n i on ,a t h ousa n dot h e r r e a son swi llbe gi ve n i n t h e
c our se oft h i swor k
.
I sh a lln owe xh i bi t ,i n a n e xt r a c t fr ommyC e lt i c Dr ui ds,a n ot h e r e xa mp le oft h e myst i c a l
n umbe r s6 00a n d6 08 ,wh e r e fe wp e r son swoulde xp e c t t ofi n di t , v
i z . i
n
t h e a n c i e n t Dr ui di c a l
t e mp le sofBr i t a i n . 1 1
Th e most e xt r a or di n a r yp e c uli a r i t ywh i c h t h e Dr ui di c a lc i r c le sp osse ss,i s
' An c i e n t Te ut on i c M,
4/R
.
BookV
. C h a p t e r I V . S e c t i on 7

2 2 5
" t h a t oft h e i r a gr e e me n t i n t h e n umbe r oft h e st on e sofwh i c h t h e yc on si st wi t h t h e a n c i e n t

a st r on omi c a lc yc le s
. Th e out e r c i r c le ofS t on e h e n ge c on si st sof6 0st on e s,t h e ba se oft h e most
fa mousofa llt h e c yle sofa n t i q ui t y
. Th e n e xt c i r c le c on si st sof4 0st on e s,but on e on e a c h si de
"oft h e e n t r a n c e i sa dva n c e dout oft h e li n e ,soa st ole a ve 1 9 st on e s,a me t on i c c yc le ,on e a c h
" si de ,a n dt h e i n n e r ,ofon e me t on i c c yc le ,or 1 9 st on e s . At Abur ywe fi n da llt h e out wa r d
"
c i r c le sa n dt h e a ve n ue sma ke up e xa c t lyt h e 6 00,t h e Ne r os,wh i c h Jose p h ussa yswa skn own
" be for e t h e flood
. Th e out e r c i r c le sa r e e xa c t lyt h e n umbe r ofde gr e e si n e a c h oft h e 1 2 p a r t s,
" i n t owh i c h ,i n mya e r i a lc a st le -bui ldi n g,I di vi de dt h e c i r c le ,vi z . 3 0,a n di n t owh i c h a t fi r st t h e

ye a r wa sdi vi de d,a n dt h e i n n e r ,oft h e n umbe r oft h e di vi si on soft h e c i r c le ,vi z . 1 2 ,a n doft h e

mon t h si n t h e ye a r
. We se e t h e la st me a sur e me n t ofS t on e h e n ge ,t a ke n byMr . Wa lt i r e ,ma ke s

t h e se c on dc i r c le 4 0
; but for t h e sa ke ofma r ki n gt h e t woc yc le sof1 9 ye a r s,t wooft h e st on e s,
on e on e a c h si de oft h e e n t r a n c e ,h a ve be e n p la c e da li t t le wi t h i n . I t h i n ki t ve r yli ke lyt h a t
" t h e out e r c i r c le oft h e h a c kp e n
of4 0st on e swa sor i gi n a llyfor me di n t h e sa me ma n n e r
. S ur e ly
" i t i sn ot i mp r oba ble t h a t wh a t i sfoun di n on e t e mp le sh ouldh a ve be e n or i gi n a llyi n t h e ot h e r .
'~I a lsot h i n kt h a t t h e wh ole n umbe r ofst on e swh i c h S t on e h e n ge c on si st e dofwa s1 4 4 ,a c c or di n g

t oMr . Wa lt i r e 'smode l,a n di n c ludi n ga lon gwi t h i t t h r e e st on e swh i c h c ouldn ot be de sc r i be di n

Mr
. Wa lt i r e 'smode lfor wa n t ofr oom ; t h usma ki n gt h e sum-t ot a lofst on e sa moun t e xa c t lyt o
" t h e or i e n t a lc yc le or va n of1 4 4 ye a r s
.
Out e r c i r c le wi t h i t sc op i n gst on e s
.
. . .

6 0
I n n e r
4 * 6 4 0
Out e r e lli p se
2 1
I n n e r p a r a bola
1 9
Alt a r 1
Th r e e out e r st on e s
a
3
1 4 4
"
I n t h i st e mp le t h e out e r c i r c le i st h e or i e n t a lc yc le ofVr i h a sp a t i ,6 0
. Ne xt out e r c i r c le ,e x-
" c lusi ve oft woe n t r a n c e st on e sa li t t le r e move di n si de t h e li n e ,t oma r ka se p a r a t i on fr omt h e

ot h e r s,ma ki n gt wome t on i c c yc le s,e a c h 1 9 . Th e t r i li t h on sa r e se ve n i n n umbe r ,e q ua lt ot h e

Ri n gst on e
1
Ke n n e t a ve n ue

2 00
Out e r c i r c le oft h e h a c kp e n or se r p e n t 'sh e a d .
4 0
I n n e r c i r c le ofdi t t o
i s
Be c kh a mp t on a ve n ue 2 00
Lon gst on e c ove
2
I n c losi n gst on e oft h e se r p e n t 'st a i l

1
Tot a l6 5 0st on e s .
"p la n e t s . Th e i n n e r r owi sa p a r a boli c c ur ve ,a n dt h e st on e sa me t on i c c yc le
.
"
sp e c t t oAbur ywe fi n dt h e sa me p e c uli a r i t y.
Nowwi t h r e -
"Out e r c i r c le
1 00st on e s
Nor t h e r n t e mp le out wa r dc i r c le
6 3 0
I n n e r c i r c le
1 2
Th e c ove
3
S out h e r n t e mp le ,out wa r dc i r c le
3 0
I n n e r c i r c le oft h e sa me 1 2
C e n t r a lobe li sk
1
2 2 6
MTi t h r a
" Oft h e se ,t h e wh ole n umbe r oft h e OUTS I DELI NES oft h e st r uc t ur e ma ke 6 00,vi z . 1 00+3 0

+3 0+2 00+4 0+2 00=6 00,t h e c yc le oft h e Ne r os,a llude dt oi n C h a p t e r I I . S e c t i on

X I I I . Th e wh ole oft h e sma lle r c i r c le sma ke 1 4 2 ; 3 0+ 1 2 +3 0+1 2 +4 0+ 1 8 =1 4 2 .

" Wh e n I c on si de r a llt h e ot h e r c i r c umst a n c e soft h e a t t a c h me n t oft h e Dr ui dst oc yc le s,I c a n n ot

h e lp susp e c t i n gt h a t t h e yh a ve be e n 1 4 4 ,a n dt h a t t h e r e i ssome mi st a ke
. "" I fa llt h e
"
st on e sofAbur ybe t a ke n ,e xc e p t t h e i n n e r c i r c le s,youwi llh a ve t h e n umbe r 6 08 ,a ve r yc ur i ous

n umbe r ,t h e sa c r e dn umbe r oft h e GodS ol,a lr e a dyde sc r i be di n C h a p . I V. S e c t . VI I I . ,t owh i c h

I be gt or e fe r myr e a de r . I ft h i sbe t h e e ffe c t ofa c c i de n t ,i t i sa n odda c c i de n t . "

I c on fe ssI c a n n ot h e lp c on si de r i n gt h e di sc ove r yoft h e se c yc le si n t h e oldt e mp le sa sc on fi r ma -
t or yi n a n e xt r a or di n a r yma n n e r ofmysyst e m . Myt h e or yr e sp e c t i n gt h e Dr ui dsbe i n gor i e n t a l
Buddh i st si sc on fi r me dbyt h e or i e n t a lNe r ose sofS i a m
; a n dmyt h e or yoft h e or i gi n oft h e or i e n -
t a ldoc t r i n e si sc on fi r me dbyt h e t e mp le soft h e We st . C i r c umst a n c e soft h i ski n dsur p a ssa ll
wr i t t e n t e st i mon y : t h e r e c a n be n ofor ge di n t e r p ola t i on sh e r e . Th e r e a de r h a sse e n t h a t t h e t ot a l
n umbe r ofst on e si n t h e t e mp le ofAbur ywa ssi x HUNDRED a n d FI FTY, a sdi sc ove r e dbyS t uke le y,
a n dc on fi r me dbyS i r R . C . Hoa r e 'sla t e r e xa mi n a t i on . Ne i t h e r oft h ose ge n t le me n h a da n yi de a
oft h e i mp or t a n c e oft h e n umbe r oft h e st on e s,a n dt h e r e for e h a dn ot h e or yt osup p or t ,wh i c h ,i f
foun dbyme on ly,mi gh t ma ke p e r son st h i n kI wa sde c e i ve dbya p r ur i e n t i ma gi n a t i on
. Th e fol-
lowi n gi sa p a ssa ge fr omBa sn a ge 'sHi st or yoft h e Je ws, I wh i c h I h a ve di sc ove r e dsi n c e I p ub-
li sh e dmyC e lt i c Dr ui ds
" Ma r t i a n usC a p e lla sp e a ksoft wole t t e r s,X . a n dN . ; wh owouldn ot t h i n kh e r e wa sa c h a r a c t e r
" ofC h r i st i a n i t y ?
X p i sos Nt xa ,
C h r i st vi c t or i ous : but i t wa sa myst i c a ln a me oft h e S un ; a n d
" t h e se t wole t t e r sde si gn e da c e r t a i n n umbe r h e wa suse dt obe si gn i fi e dby ; "X =6 00,N=5 0.
But i fi t di dn ot me a n
X p i sos vi xa ,
i t me a n t some t h i n gve r yn e a r i t ,vi z . X
p > 7 sos
vc xa ,
a sI
sh a llsh e wi n t h e t we lft h bookoft h i swor k
.
8 . Th e Pe r si a n Godi soft e n c a lle dMi t r . Ofc our se we ma ye xp e c t t ofi n dt h e mor e p e r fe c t Ne r ose s,
or sa c r e dn umbe r s,de sc r i be dbyt h e le t t e r sofn ot a t i on oft h e la t e r n a t i on s,a n dt h e r ude r Ne r ose s
wi t h t h e mor e e a r ly,a lli n fa c t de sc r i p t i ve oft h e sola r c yc le
. Th usi n He br e wwe h a ve -I n t o n li t r ,
2 00, n 4 00, ' 1 0,
r
4 0=6 5 0.
Th i swa sp r oba blyt h e fi r st wa yofwr i t i n gi t ; t h e se c on dwa sMi t h r a s
Mi Oe a s, wr i t t e n wi t h out a n Ea n dme a n i n gC C C LX . ,M4 0,1 1 0,0,9 ,P1 00,A1 ,1 ,2 00=3 6 0 ;
but a ft e r wa r d,wh e n t h e le n gt h oft h e ye a r wa smor e p e r fe c t lyun de r st ood,i t wa sa si t i sc om-
mon lyfoun dwi t h a n e ,Me i t h r a s . 2
AMi t r a Mi t h r i da t e se st ,e t Mi t r a q uoda li i c or r up t e Mi sr a
sc r i bun t ,e t i a mmult i Br a h ma n e sa p p e lla n t ur
. 3 Mi gh t n ot t h e n a me oft h e Egyp t i a n Mi sr a i mbe
a c or r up t i on oft h e wor d
='7 r 'i
mi t r i m ? I ft h i swe r e t h e c a se ,i t wouldh a ve h a dt h e sa me n a me
i n t h e or i e n t a l,a sI t a lyba di n i t s,la n gua ge I t a la ,a bull . Bi sh op C umbe r la n dt h ough t t h a t Mi t z -
r a i mwa st h e wor dI si r i sor I t z i r i s,wi t h t h e myst i c Mp r e fi xe d,wh i c h se e msbyn ome a n si m-
p r oba ble .
Th e n umbe r 6 5 0,sa c r e dt ot h e S un ,a n dfoun di n t h e t e mp le a t Abur yi n sor e ma r ka ble a
ma n n e r ,a ga i n c on fi r ms my t h e or y . He must h a ve a p r ur i e n t i ma gi n a t i on i n de e dwh oc a n a t t r i -
but e a llt h e se c oi n c i de n c e st oa c c i de n t . Wh yt h i sn umbe r 6 5 0c a me t obe sa c r e dt ot h e S un I
h a ve e xp la i n e di n C h a p . i i . S e c t . 5 .
Th e followi n ge xt r a c t wi lle xh i bi t t h e me t on i c c yc le i n a sr e ma r ka ble a ma n n e r a st h e Ne r os
" At Bi sc a we n 'un n ,n e a r S t . Bur i e n si n C or n wa ll,t h e r e i sa c i r c ula r t e mp le c on si st i n gof1 9
"
st on e s,a n da t we n t i e t h st on e s t a n ds . i n t h e c e n t r e h i gh e r t h a n t h e r e st
. -I be gmyr e a de r t or e fe r
" t ot h e de sc r i p t i on oft h e t e mp le a t C la sse r n e ssi n t h e i n t r oduc t i on ,p la t e No . 2 8 . Th e r e be wi ll
I B. i i i . C h a p . xxi i i ,p . 2 3 6 .

' S e e Mon t . An t . Exp . Vol

. I I . p . 2 2
6 .

'
Ba r t olome us,S ys . Br a c h . p 2 .
BookV. C h a p t e r I V
. S e c t i on 9

2 2 7

a ga i n fi n dt h e me t on i c c yc le . -Ne a r C le n e n n e y,i n Nor t h Wa le s,i sa c i r c le c on t a i n g3 8 st on e s,

t wome t on i c c yc le s . -Ne a r Ke swi c ki sa n ova lof4 0st on e s

. Th i sI h a ve li t t le doubt i si n
"n umbe r 4 0,for t h e sa me r e a son a st h e se c on dc i r c le a t S t on e h e n ge ,a lr e a dye xp la i n e d
. -Dr .

Bor la se sa ys,`Th e r e a r e
four
c i r c le si n t h e h un dr e d
of
Pe n wi t h ,C or n wa ll,(t h e most di st a n t

t woofwh i c h a r e n ot e i gh t mi le sa sun de r ,)wh i c h h a ve 1 9 st on e se a c h ,a sur p r i si n gun i for mi t y,

"
e xp r e ssi n g,p e r h a p s,t h e t wop r i n c i p a ldi vi si on soft h e ye a r ,t h e t we lve mon t h s,a n dt h e se ve n

da ysoft h e we e k
. Th e i r n a me sa r e Bosc a we n 'un n ,Rosmode r e n y,Tr e ga se a l,a n dBoske dn a n
. '

He r e t h e si mi la r i t yc ouldn ot e sc a p e Dr . Bor la se ; but t h e i de a ofa c yc le n e ve r oc c ur r e dt o

h i m. Th e r e i sn or oomt oa t t r i but e a n yt h i n gh e r e t oi ma gi n a t i on . "

I n t h e sa me c h a p t e r myr e a de r ma yse e ma n yot h e r e xa mp le sofa st r ologi c a ln umbe r si n t h e old
t e mp le soft h e Dr ui ds . Be for e I q ui t t h e t e mp le ofAbur y,I be gle a ve t osugge st wh e t h e r i t ma y
n ot be p r oba ble t h a t t h e n umbe r oft h e st on e soft h e i n n e r c i r c le oft h e se r p e n t 'sh e a dma yh a ve be e n
1 9 i n st e a dof1 8 ; t h a t i t ma yh a ve h a da c e n t r e st on e ; a n dt h a t t h e Lon gst on e C ove wh i c h st a n ds
a t a li t t le di st a n c e ma yh a ve be e n c on si de r e da sp a r t oft h e t e mp le ? Th i swouldgi ve ,i n st e a dof
1 4 2 for t h e n umbe r ofst on e si n t h e i n n e r c i r c le s,t h e n umbe r 1 4 4 ,a n dwouldn ot de r a n ge a n yof
t h e ot h e r c yc la r sums,a smyr e a de r wi llfi n don e xp e r i me n t . Ami dst t h e i n t r i c a c yoft h e mode r n
bui ldi n gsa n doldst on e s,Dr
. S t uke le ya n dS i r R . C . Hoa r e mi gh t e a si lybe le di n t osot r i fli n ga
mi st a ke .
I be gmyr e a de r t oma ke t h i sc or r e c t i on ,t h e n t ot a ke h i sp e n c i la n dt r ya n e xp e r i me n t
or t wowi t h t h e di ffe r e n t n umbe r s,a n dh e wi llfi n dh owc ur i ouslyt h e sumsi n t owh i c h I fi r st sup -
p ose dt h e gr e a t c i r c le t oh a ve be e n di vi de dc ome out ,vi z . 1 2 si gn s,3 6 de c a n s,7 2 dode c a n s,a n d
3 6 0de gr e e s . Allt h i sma ybe n on se n si c a le n ough ,but a r e n ot a lljudi c i a la st r ologya n dt h e a n c i e n t
myst i c a ldoc t r i n e sofluc kya n dun luc ky,sa c r e da n dp r ofa n e n umbe r s,n on se n si c a l? I t i sofn o
use t osa yt h e ya r e n on se n si c a l . C a n a n yon e sa yt h a t e ve n t h e wi se st oft h e a n c i e n t sdi dn ot
e n t e r t a i n t h e se doc t r i n e s ?
9 . Wh a t I h a ve sa i dr e sp e c t i n gt h e di vi si on oft h e gr e a t c i r c le i n t o3 6 0de gr e e s,a n di n t ode c a n s
a n ddode c a n s,r e c e i ve sa st r on gc on fi r ma t i on fr omt h e de sc r i p t i on wh i c h Jose p h usgi ve soft h e
myst i c a lme a n i n goft h e Je wi sh t a be r n a c le ,&c . He sa ys, "
An dwh e n h e or de r e dt we lve loa ve s
"
t obe se t on t h e t a ble ,h e de n ot e dt h e ye a r a sdi st i n gui sh e di n t osoma n ymon t h s
. Bybr a n c h i n g
"
out t h e c a n dle st i c ki n t ose ve n t yp a r t sh e S EC RETLY
i n t i ma t e dt h e De c a n i , or se ve n t ydi vi si on sof
" t h e p la n e t s ; a n da st ot h e se ve n la mp sup on t h e c a n dle st i c ks,t h e yr e fe r r e dt ot h e c our se oft h e
"
p la n e t s,ofwh i c h t h a t i st h e n umbe r . "Aga i n :"
An dfor t h e t we lve st on e s,wh e t h e r we un de r -

st a n dbyt h e mt h e mon t h s,or wh e t h e r we un de r st a n dt h e li ke n umbe r oft h e si gn soft h a t c i r c le

wh i c h t h e Gr e e ksc a llt h e Zodi a c ,we sh a lln ot be mi st a ke n i n t h e i r me a n i n g

. " 1
Th e De c a n i
h e r e me n t i on e dmust e vi de n t lya llude t owh a t S i r Wi lli a mDr ummon dc a lls
Dode c a n s,
e a c h of
wh i c h c on si st soffi ve de gr e e s
; a n dwh a t i sh e r e c a lle d7 0must me a n 7 2 ,for 7 2 x5 =3 6 0
; but
7 0x
5 wouldon lye q ua l3 5 0,n e i t h e r t h e di vi si on oft h e c i r c le ,n or oft h e ye a r wh i c h Mose sma de
t oc on si st of3 6 0da ys. I n h i sa c c oun t oft h e floodt h e ye a r or c i r c le i sdi vi de de xa c t lya c c or di n g
t omyt h e or y . I n h i se xp la n a t i on Jose p h usi sc on fi r me dbyPh i lo,a n ot h e r ve r ye mi n e n t p e r son ,
wh ost a t e st h e i de n t i c a ldoc t r i n e . Th e e xp r e ssi on use dh e r e r e sp e c t i n gt h e se ve n t y
di vi si on s
oft h e p la n e t s, sh e wst h a t wh e n t h e wor d se ve n t yi s use d,se ve n t y-t womust be un de r st ood,
a si t st i lli s,a n da lwa yswa s,i n some ot h e r c a se s
; for e xa mp le ,i n t h a t oft h e ve r si on oft h e se -
ve n t y,t h ough LX X I I :a lwa ysi sme a n t
. I t i sh e r e e vi de n t t h a t t h ough a se c r e t me a n i n gwa s
kn own t oe xi st ,i t sn a t ur e wa son lya subje c t ofsp e c ula t i on .
' An t i q . B . i i i .
C h a p . vi i . I ft h i st a be r n a c le wa sn ot a st r ologi c a l,I sh ouldbe h a p p yt obe i n for me dwh a t would
ma ke i t so .
2 2 8

Jose p h usa n dVa lla n c e yon Myst i c Numbe r s

Th a t 7 2
c on st e lla t i on swe r e me a n t ,we a lsokn owfr omPli n y,wh osa ys(Li b
. i i . ), t h a t 1 6 00st a r s
ma ybe c oun t e di n t h e
7 2 c on st e lla t i on s,
me a n i n gt h e 7 2 di vi si on soft h e Zodi a c
. S e e t h e C la ssi c a l
Jour n a l,No
. X X X I
. ,wh e r e t h e r e a de r ma yse e sa t i sfa c t or yp r oofs,gi ve n byS i r W
. Dr ummon d,
ofwh a t I h a ve sa i di n myC e lt i c Dr ui ds-t h a t t h e a n c i e n t sh a dt h e use oft h e t e le sc op e
. I sh a ll
p r ove t h e t r ut h ofwh a t i ssa i dh e r e oft h e use oft h e t e r m
7 0 for 7 2 ,mor e a t la r ge h e r e a ft e r
.
Th e followi n gp a ssa ge fr omt h e Ap p e n di xt omyC e lt i c Dr ui ds,p p
. 3 07 ,3 08 ,wi lle xh i bi t t h e
t woNe r ose si n I r e la n d
.
"
Va lla n c e ysa ys,t h e I r i sh h a ve t h e c yc le oft h e Ne r osbyt h e n a me ofPh e n n i c sh e ,wh i c h i n
"C h a lde a n n ume r a lsma ke t h e n umbe r a sgi ve n be low,No
. 1 ; a n dh e sa ys,i fyoua dd t t
H,wh i c h
' a lt e r sn ot t h e p r on un c i a t i on ,i t ma ke sup i n t h e C op t i c la n gua ge t h e Egyp t i on p e r i odof6 08 ,

No. 2 .
No. 1 . Ph .
D
8 0
E .
; ~5
N. 3 5 0
N . 3
5 0
I
1 0
K.
7
1 00
S h
. t v
3 00
E
. r t
5
6 00
No. 2 . Ph . E)8 0
E
. ; 1
5
N .
3
5 0
N. 3 5 0
I . ~
1 0
K. 7 1 00
S h .
i t l
3 00
H.
R
8
E.
; I 5
6 08
"
I fmyr e a de r wi llr e fe r ba c kt oC h a p t e r V
. S e c t . X I V. ,h e wi llfi n dPh a n e sor Fa n a mon gst
" t h e I r i sh Gods
. He i sa Godoffi r e
. He i son e oft h e c e le br a t e da n c i e n t t r i a d,t h e C r e a t or ,

t h e Pr e se r ve r ,a n dt h e De st r oye r ,a n dt h e wor dme a n t

a Jwv or a e t e r n i t a s . I t i si n t h i sr e sp e c t
"
p a r t i c ula r lya p p li c a ble t ot h e i de a ofa c yc le
.
4 1
Ph . 5 00

E .
8

N. 5 0

N. 5 0
6 08
"
Fr omt h i sc yc le of6 00c a me t h e n a me oft h e bi r dPh oe n i x,c a lle dbyt h e Egyp t i a n sPh e n n ,
wi t h t h e we ll-kn own st or yofi t sgoi n gt oEgyp t t obur n i t se lfon t h e a lt a r oft h e sun (a t He li o-
"
p oli s),a n dr i se a ga i n fr omi t sa sh e s,a t t h e e n dofa c e r t a i n p e r i od
. "For t h e wor d4 PH p r e
or p h r e ,
se e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,'wh e r e t h e ma n n e r i n wh i c h t h e myst i c sc on c e a le dva r i ousot h e r
c yc le sa n dobje c t sbyme a n soffi gur e si se xp la i n e d
.
I n a n oldI r i sh Glossa r yt h e Ph oe n i xi ssa i dt obe a bi r dwh i c h li ve s6 00ye a r sor t ur n sofBe a l,
or t h e sun ,wi t h a llt h e r e ma i n de r oft h e h i st or yoft h e bur n i n g,&c
.
s
Ph a n e si sc a lle dPr ot ogon os,a n dh a dt h e h e a dofa Bull
. 3
I n Mon t fa uc on
4 "
i sa n I si ssi t t i n gon t h e Lot us
. S h e h a t h a Globe on h e r h e a dwi t h a r a di a n t

c i r c le r oun di t ,wh i c h de n ot e st h e S un
. Th e i n sc r i p t i on on t h e r e ve r se h a t h some a ffi n i t ywi t h
' C h a p . I V
. S e c t . VI I I .

'Ouse le y,C oll . Or i e n t . Vol . I I . No . i i i . p . 2 03 .

3 Por p h yr yon C a ve ofNymp h s,t r a n s
. Ta ylor ,p . 1 9 0 .
4 S up p le me n t t ot h e An t
. Exp . Pl . LI I . Fi g. 7 , Vol . I I . ,a n di n myp la t e s, Fi g. 1 0.
BookV
. C h a p t e r I V
. S e c t i on 1 0

2 2 9

t h e fi gur e . I t i s I EOTAPFENObPH . I se
i sfor la m,
wh i c h i st h e usua lwa yoft h e e c -

c le si a st i c a ut h or sr e a di n gt h e He br e wwor dJe h ova h

;
for i n t h e se ki n dsofwor dst h e c h a n ge or

t r a n sp osi t i on ofvowe lsi sn ot r e ga r de d

. Th e ge mh e r e h a t h I se ,a n dEuse bi ush a t h I e vm .

Th e la st sylla ble i n t h e n e xt wor d(p

wh i c h we r e a dp h r i )si gn i fi e s,i n t h e Egyp t i a n la n -
g

ua ge ,t h e sun
. Th e r e for e t h e wh ole wor d, a ? 6 e vo4 p p ,
si gn i fi e s t h e sun i sma le , i fwe ma ybe

a llowe dt ojoi n a Gr e e kwor da n da n Egyp t i a n t oge t h e r

. We se e h e r e t h e r a ysoft h e sun ,but
" t h e yp r oc e e dfr oma woma n 'sh e a d
; wh i c h p a r t i c ula r di sa gr e e swi t h t h e i n sc r i p t i on . Dot h

t h i ssi gn i fyt h a t I si s,wh oi st a ke n for t h e moon ,i sma le ? "

'
He r e I si s,wh ose ve i ln omor t a l
sh a lle ve r dr a wa si de ,t h e c e le st i a lvi r gi n oft h e sp h e r e ,i sse a t e don t h e se lf-ge n e r a t i n gsa c r e dLot us,
a n di sc a lle dI e wor
i r , i e u,
or Jove ,a n da lsot h e sola r c yc le
(P? 7 1
: 5 00,P1 00,H8 =6 08 .
Th e br e a st ssh e wt h e fe ma le se x,t h e a p a e voc ske wst h e ma le ,a n dun i t e d,t h e ysh e wa susua lt h e
An dr ogyn ousde i t y.
I n t h e Gr e e ka n dC op t i c t h e fa mouslo
S a bboe me a n s3 6 0
I . . . . 1 0
0 . . . .
7 0
x . . . . 2 00
A . . . .

i
B . . . . 2
B . . .
.

2
0 . .
. . 7 0
E . . . .

6
3 6 0
2
Th i ssp e wst h a t t h e e a r li e st ye a r i n Gr e e c e wa s3 6 0da yson ly . Th uswe fi n dt h e sa me i gn o-
r a n c e i n Gr e e c e ,a n di n t h e bookoft h e de luge ofMose s,a n di n t h e Ap oc a lyp se ,a swe lla si n
Egyp t :
but wi t h t h e I n di a n s,we fi n dt h e Me t on i c c yc le a n dt h e Ne r os,wh i c h e vi n c e
a mor e c or -
r e c t kn owle dge oft h e le n gt h oft h e ye a r
; a n di t wa sa lsosh e wn byt h e bui lde r soft h e Me t on i c
c yc le sofp i lla r si n Br i t a i n
.
Wh i lst on t h e subje c t ofDr ui di c a lc i r c le s,I wi llt a ke t h e op p or t un i t yofst a t i n g,t h a t Dr .
Da n i e lC la r ke foun da Dr ui di c a lc i r c le on t h e t op ofmoun t Ga r ga r us,t h e a n c i e n t I da ,wh e r e t h e
GodsofHome r a sse mble da t t h e si e ge ofTr oy
. I t ma ybe p ut down a sa p a r a lle lt oJosh ua 's
Gi lga l,(Josh ua vi i i
. 3 0,3 1 ,)
on moun t Eba l-t h e Pr ose uc h a di sc ove r e dbyEp i p h a n i us . Th e
Te mp le sofGr e e c e a r e c on st a n t lysa i dt obe sur r oun de dwi t h a r 'e vos,
t h e me a n i n gofwh i c h h a s
be e n doubt e d
. Home r 3 sa ys,
r a p ya p ov,e v8 a S s of r se vos p &Fc osr e
He r e I
t h i n kt h e t e me n oswa st h e Gi lga lofDr
. C la r ke . S e e C ELTi c DRUI DS , p a ssi m . An dfr om
t h i swe ma yn ot un r e a son a blysusp e c t t h a t t h e Te e vogme a n t a st on e c i r c le ; or ,a t a lle ve n t s,
t h a t a st on e c i r c le wa s
a 'r e e vos .
1 0
. I n myC e lt i c Dr ui dsI h a ve gi ve n a n e xa mp le oft woC r omle h si n I n di a ,Pla t e s3 9 a n d4 0
;
a n dI h a ve gi ve n a dr a wi n gofa n ot h e r i n fi gur e 1 8 oft h i swor k
. I h a ve si n c e foun dt h a t st on e
c i r c le s,si mi la r t oour S t on e h e n ge ,Abur y,&c
. ,a r e ve r yc ommon i n t h e Nor t h e r n p a r t sofI n di a .
Th e n a t i ve sc a n gi ve
n o a c c oun t oft h e m
.
' P. 2 4 3 .

2
Ouse le y,C oll
. Or i e n t . Vol. I I . No. HLp . 2 09 .

3 Li b . vi i i . v. 4 8 .
2 3 0 I n dr a C r uc i fi e d
Th e se c i r c le sa p p e a r t obe a r e mn a n t ofa n t i q ui t yofa si mi la r sp e c i e st ot h ose oft h e Pun i h a -
Pa n da wa r s,a gr e a t n umbe r ofwh i c h a r e t obe se e n sc a t t e r e don t h e a dja c e n t h e i gh t sa bout a mi le
we st ofa p la c e c a lle dDur n a c ot t a
.
Th e st on e sc omp osi n gt h e se c i r c le sa r e ofa h a r dbla c ki sh
gr a n i t e ,ve r yi r r e gula r i n sh a p e ,me a sur i n gi n ge n e r a la bout 3 fe e t i n h e i gh t ,a n doft h e sa me di me n -
si on i n t h i c kn e ss .
Th e c oun t r yp e op le se e mi gn or a n t on t h e subje c t oft h e se a n t i q ui t i e s,a n dc a n
gi ve n oi n for ma t i on for wh a t p ur p ose st h e ywe r e de si gn e d . I t i sr e p or t e dt h a t c i r c le sofa si mi la r
de sc r i p t i on a r e ve r yn ume r ousa mon gt h e ski r t soft h e h i llsofWudla ma un a n dot h e r si n t h a t
n e i gh bour h ood,t h a t on some oft h e se be i n gop e n e dbyt h e la t e Ra ja h ,Va ssa r e ddy,t h e ywe r e foun d
t oc on t a i n h uma n bon e sofa la r ge si z e ,a n dt h a t i n some t h e r e we r e e a r t h e r n p ot sc ur i ously
p la c e dt oge t h e r c on t a i n i n ga sh e sor c h a r c oa l .
S i mi la r t ot h e a bove a t Amr a vut t y,on t h e r i ve r
C h r i st n a or Ki st n a ,i st obe se e n a moun dc a lle dDe p a lde n n a
. '
Dr a wi n gsofgr e a t n umbe r soft h e se c i r c le sma ybe se e n i n Ma c ke n z i e 'sma n usc r i p t sa bove -
me n t i on e d .
I sh a llgi ve a dr a wi n gofon lyon e oft h e m,be c a use ,a lt h ough t h e r e i sn or e a son t o
doubt t h e ge n e r a la c c ur a c yoft h e a c c oun t s,ye t n oa t t e mp t h a sbe e n ma de t oa sc e r t a i n ofwh a t
n umbe r sofst on e st h e se c i r c le sor i gi n a llyc on si st e d,wh i c h wa st h e on lyt h i n gt h a t c ouldr e n de r
t h e mr e a llyuse ful ;
but wh i c h ,a swa sor i gi n a llyt h e c a se i n En gla n d,wa st h ough t t obe ofn o
c on se q ue n c e .
I t i s,h owe ve r ,r e ma r ka ble t h a t ,i n t h e c i r c le wh i c h 1 h a ve gi ve n ,fi g . 1 1 ,a st h e
r e a de r wi llfi n don c oun t i n gt h e m,(a llowa n c e be i n gma de for on e e vi de n t lybr oke n ,)1 9 st or i e s,t h e
n umbe r oft h e Me t on i c c yc le ,a r e foun d .
1 1
. For t h e or i gi n oft h e c r osswe must got ot h e Buddh i st sa n dt ot h e La ma ofTi be t ,wh o
t a ke sh i sn a me fr omt h e c r oss,c a lle di n h i sla n gua ge La mb,wh i c h i swi t h h i sfollowe r sa n obje c t
ofp r ofoun dve n e r a t i on . 2
Th e c r ossoft h e Buddh i st si sr e p r e se n t e dwi t h le a ve sa n dflowe r ssp r i n gi n gfr omi t ,a n dp la c e d
up on a moun t C a lva r y,a sa mon gt h e Roma n C a t h oli c s . Th e yr e p r e se n t i t i n va r i ouswa ys,but
t h e sh a ft wi t h t h e c r ossba r a n dt h e C a lva r yr e ma i n t h e sa me
. Th e t r e e ofli fe a n dkn owle dge ,
or t h e Ja mba t r e e ,i n t h e i r ma p soft h e wor ld,i sa lwa ysr e p r e se n t e di n t h e sh a p e ofa c r oss,
e i gh t y-four Yoga n a s
(a n swe r i n gt ot h e e i gh t y-four ye a r soft h e li fe ofh i mwh owa se xa lt e dup on
t h e c r oss)or 4 2 3
3
mi le sh i gh ,i n c ludi n gt h e t h r e e st e p soft h e C a lva r y . 4
1 2
. Th e c e le br a t e dMon kGe or gi us,i n h i sTi be t i n umAlp h a be t um,p
. 2 03 ,h a sgi ve n p la t e s(i n
myfi gur e sNo . 1 4 )oft h e GodI n dr a n a i le dt oa c r oss,
wi t h fi ve woun ds . Th e se c r osse sa r e
t obe se e n i n Ne p a ul,e sp e c i a llya t t h e c or n e r sofr oa dsa n don e mi n e n c e s
. I n dr a i ssa i dt o
h a ve be e n c r uc i fi e dbyt h e ke e p e r soft h e Hi n dooga r de n ofPa r a di se for h a vi n gr obbe di t . Th e
c oun t r yofNe p a uli se vi de n t lyt h e C a uc a suswh e r e Ale xa n de r we n t t olooka t t h e c a ve ofPr ome -
t h e us,t owh omt h e wh ole myt h osobvi ouslya p p li e s . But i t i st h e sa me a st h a t ofJe sus,e vi -
de n t lye xi st i n gh e r e a lso,lon gbe for e t h e t i me ofC h r i st
.
Allt h e se c r uc i fi xe s,&c . ,&c . ,must be
we llkn own t oour I n di a n t r a ve lle r s . Ha ve t h e Romi sh Mon ksbe e n mor e h on e st t h a n our p h i lo-
sop h e r sofC a lc ut t a ?
I t wouldbe a bsur dt ode n yt h a t I t h i n k t h e yh a ve . Ah ! oldRoge r Ba c on ,
h owt r ulyba st t h ousa i d, "
Omn i a a dr e li gi on e mi n susp i c i on e h a be n da " !
Ge or gi ussa ys,
"
S i i t a se r e sh a be t ,ut e xi st i ma t Be a usobr i us,
I n di , e t Budi st c e q uor umr e li gi o,
~ e a de me st a c Ti be t a n a ,n on n i si a Ma n i c h n i sn ova h wc de li r i or ump or t e n t a a c c e p e r un t . Ha e
n a mq ue ge n t e sp r a e se r t i mi n ur be Ne p a l,Lun a X I I . Ba dr se u Bh a don . 4 ugust i me n si s,di e s
I S e e C ol . Ma c ke n z i e 'sma n usc r i p t s, I n di a An t i q ua I llust r a t a , i n t h e Muse umi n t h e I n di a -House ,No . 9 ,1 8 1 6 ,1 8 1 7 ,
a n dp la t e s,Fi g . 1 1 .
s
S e e C e lt i c Dr ui ds,Ap p . p p . 3 07 -3 1 2 .

3 Th i sI sup p ose t obe i n t h e or i gi n a la mi sp r i n t for 4 3 2 .

4 Asi a t . Re s . Vol . X . p . 1 2 3 . S e e myp la t e s,Fi gur e sNos . 1 2 ,1 3 .
254

A t o n e m e n t , O r i g i n a l S i n
ca n sca r ce l y co n ce i ve a m o r e de ci si ve pr o o f, t ha t t he Eg ypt i a n m yt ho l o g y ca m e fr o m In di a . Fr o m
t he un i o n o f t he se co n si de r a t i o n s a n d
i n di sput a bl e fa ct s I
co n cl ude , t ha t , i n ve r y e a r l y t i m e s, so o n
a ft e r t he sun e n t e r e d A r i e s, t he Br a hm i n s di d n o t , a s a t t hi s da y, o bje ct t o t r a ve l fr o m t he i r o wn
co un t r y ; a n d I t hi n k we m a y fi n d a pr o ba bl e r e a so n fo r t he i r pr e se n t di sso ci a l syst e m be i n g
a do pt e d . We kn o w t ha t t he Buddhi st s, un de r t he n a m e o f S e khs o r Ja i n e s, ha ve be e n fo r m a n y
ce n t ur i e s e n de a vo ur i n g t o co n ve r t t he Vi shn ui t e s, a n d i t wa s pr o ba bl y t o pr e ve n t t hi s t ha t t he i r
fo l l o we r s we r e fo r bi dde n by t he Br a hm i n s t o ho l d a n y co m m e r ce wi t h st r a n g e r s, o r t o qui t t he i r
o wn co un t r y :
a n d t ha t i t wa s t hus t he i r r ul e o f se cl usi o n be ca m e e st a bl i she d . The r e se e m s i n
t hi s t o be n o t hi n g ve r y i m pr o ba bl e
. The r e i s n o m i r a cl e , n o t hi n g co n t r a r y t o t he o r de r o f n a t ur e ,
r e qui r e d he r e . O f co ur se , I suppo se t hi s t o ha ve t a ke n pl a ce so m e t i m e a ft e r t he cha n g e o f t he
e qui n o ct i a l fe st i va l fr o m Ma y t o A pr i l , -fr o m Ta ur us t o A r i e s . Thi s cha n g e , t he r e i s r e a so n t o
be l i e ve , wa s n o t m a de wi t ho ut co n si de r a bl e bl o o dshe d a n d co n fusi o n . But I t hi n k whe r e ve r i t
t o o k pl a ce , t he r e i s n o w n o Buddi sm , pr o pe r l y so ca l l e d . I t hi n k t he r e i s e vi de n ce e n o ug h t o
pr o ve t ha t i t t o o k pl a ce i n Eg ypt , a n d t ha t Mo se s a do pt e d i t . We r e a d i n a n ci e n t t i m e s o f se ve r a l
Br a hm i n s ha vi n g co m e i n t o t he We st . But , a cco r di n g t o Mr . Wi l fo r d, t he di ffi cul t y r e a l l y do e s
r i o t e xi st ; fo r he sa ys, ` The Hi n do o s a r e n o t pr o hi bi t e d fr o m vi si t i n g fo r e i g n co un t r i e s, -
t he y t he y a r e o n l y fo r bi dde n t o pa ss ce r t a i n r i ve r s ; but t he r e i s n o o bje ct i o n t o t he i r a sce n di n g r o un d
" t he i r he a ds, so t he y o n l y do n o t cr o ss t he m .' ' ' Thi s i n t e r pr e t a t i o n ha s e vi de n t l y be e n a do pt e d
t o e va de t he l a w .
4. A s we fi n d t ha t m o st o f t he o t he r a bsur d do ct r i n e s wi t h whi ch fa n a t i cs a n d pr i e st s ha ve
l o a de d t he r e l i g i o n o f Je sus ha ve co m e fr o m In di a , so we a l so fi n d t ha t , fr o m t he sa m e so ur ce , ha s
co m e o r i g i n a l si n . Mr
. Ma ur i ce sa ys,
"
It i s t he i n va r i a bl e be l i e f o f t he Br a hm i n s t ha t m a n i s a
"
fa l l e n cr e a t ur e . Upo n t hi s ve r y be l i e f i s bui l t t he do ct r i n e o f t he m i g r a t i o n o f t he so ul s t hr o ug h
` va r i o us a n i m a l bo di e s, a n d r e vo l vi n g BO BUNS o r pl a n e t a r y sphe r e s ." He n ce a r o se a l l t he
a ust e r i t i e s o f t he Yo g e e s, Fa ki r s, a n d o t he r fa n a t i cs, whi ch we r e ca r r i e d t o a n e xce ss t ha t i s
sca r ce l y cr e di bl e .
The Re v . Dr
. Cl a udi us Bucha n a n ha s t he fo l l o wi n g pa ssa g e : 2 " The chi e f a n d di st i n g ui shi n g
' ~ do ct r i n e s o f S cr i pt ur e m a y be co n si de r e d t he fo ur fo l l o wi n g -t he Tr i n i t y i n Un i t y : t he i n ca r n a -
t i o n t i o n o f t he De i t y
: a vi ca r i o us a t o n e m e n t fo r si n
:
a n d t he i n fl ue n ce o f t he Di vi n e S pi r i t o n t he
" m i n d o f m a n
. No w, i f we sho ul d be a bl e t o pr o ve t ha t a l l t he se a r e r e pr e se n t e d i n t he syst e m s
"
o f t he Ea st , wi l l a n y m a n ve n t ur e t o a ffi r m t ha t i t ha ppe n s by cha n ce ?" No , i n de e d, n o m a n ,
who i s n o t a fo o l , wi l l ve n t ur e t o sa y a n y such t hi n g
. The Do ct o r t he n g o e s o n t o a dm i t , t ha t
t he Br a hm i n s m ust ha ve kn o wn o f t he pl ur a l n a t ur e o f t he A l e i m , whi ch he ca l l s t he
ELO e m z, t he
"
Le t us m a ke m a n , " o f t he fi r st cha pt e r o f Ge n e si s, t he i n ca r n a t i o n , t he a t o n e m e n t , a n d t he
i n fl ue n ce o f t he Ho l y S pi r i t , -t he do ct r i n e o f r e g e n e r a t i o n o r
m a n t wi ce bo r n .
Thus i n ha vi n g
she wn t ha t a l l t he se Je wi sh a n d Chr i st i a n do ct r i n e s a r e t o be fo un d a m o n g t he a n ci e n t Br a hm i n s,
I a m suppo r t e d i n t he fa ct by di vi n e s o f t he fi r st e m i n e n ce
. The fa ct t ha t t he do ct r i n e s a r e
co m m o n t o t he Ea st a n d We st o f t he In dus, ca n n o t be di sput e d, a n d t he o n l y que st i o n wi l l be ,
whe t he r t he Ea st co pi e d t he do ct r i n e s o f Chr i st i a n i t y fr o m t he
We st , BEFO RE t he bi r t h o f Chr i st ,
fo r t he y we r e t he r e BEFO RE
hi s bi r t h, o r t he We st co pi e d fr o m t he Ea st i t s a n ci e n t do ct r i n e s, t o
t he co r r upt i o n a n d a l m o st r ui n o f t he be a ut i ful a n d si m pl e syst e m o f t he i r Fo un de r a n d S a -
vi o ur .
O r i g i n a l S i n , t he fo un da t i o n o f t he do ct r i n e o f t he a t o n e m e n t , wa s n o t kn o wn t o t he e a r l y Chr i s-
t i a n s, 3
a n d t he r e fo r e i t i s pe r fe ct l y cl e a r t ha t i t ca n n o t ha ve be e n co pi e d fr o m t he m
. O r i g i n a l
' A si a t . Re s . Vo l . VI . p . 53 3 .

2
Chr i st i a n Re se a r che s i n A si a , p. 26 6 .
a
S e e Jo n e s o n t he Ca n o n , Vo l . II. p . 3 48 .
Bo o k V
. Cha pt e r VIII . S e ct i o n 3

253
2. O ur i n qui r e r s i n t o t he hi st o r y o f t he m yt ho l o g y o f t he n a t i ve s o f In di a g e n e r a l l y t a ke t he i r
a cco un t s fr o m t he wr i t i n g s o f t he fo l l o we r s o f Cr i st n a , n e ve r r e co l l e ct i n g t ha t t he y a r e a l l de n i e d
a n y a ut ho r i t y by t he g r e a t e st pa r t o f t he i m m e n se po pul a t i o n o f t ho se co un t r i e s i n whi ch Budd-
hi sm pr e va i l s-a po pul a t i o n co ve r i n g a co un t r y t e n t i m e s a s l a r g e a s t ha t o f t he Br a hm i n s . In
co n se que n ce o f t hi s, a s m i g ht be e xpe ct e d, t he y a r e m e r e l y e cho e s o f t he m i sr e pr e se n t a t i o n s o f
t he Br a hm i n s
. But a t l a st e n o ug h e sca pe s fr o m t he i r o wn wr i t i n g s, n o t wi t hst a n di n g a l l t he a t -
t e m pt s o f t he Br a hm i n s a t co n ce a l m e n t , t o she w t ha t t he r e wa s a Buddhi sm be fo r e t he t i m e o f
Cr i st n a
; a n d I n e ve r ca n fo r g e t t he un e xce pt i o n a bl e t e st i m o n y o f A r r i a n t o t he In di a n Ba cchus
ha vi n g l o n g pr e ce de d t he In di a n He r cul e s .
In t he va r i o us a cco un t s whi ch di ffe r e n t a ut ho r s ha ve g i ve n us r e spe ct i n g Buddha , I pe r ce i ve but
o n e pl a usi bl e o bje ct i o n t o t he t he o r y whi ch I ha ve pr o po se d o f hi s be i n g t he S un i n Ta ur us, a s a l l
a l l o w t ha t he
wa s t he S un
; a n d t ha t i s, t he di ffi cul t y o f a cco un t i n g fo r t he Cr i st n a o f t he Br a hm i n s
ha vi n g co m e t o Eg ypt
. Tha t a co l o n y di d pa ss fr o m In di a t o Eg ypt n o o n e ca n do ubt , a n d t ha t ,
t o o , a ft e r t he r i se o f t he n a m e a n d m yt ho s o f Cr i st n a
. A t fi r st t o a cco un t fo r t hi s, whe n t he pr e ju-
di ce s o f t he Br a hm i n s a g a i n st l e a vi n g t he i r co un t r y o r m a ki n g pr o se l yt e s i s co n si de r e d, se e m s
di ffi cul t
. Ye t I t hi n k t he r e a r e ce r t a i n fa ct s, n o w we l l kn o wn , whi ch wi l l just i fy us i n suppo si n g ,
t ha t t he Br a hm i n s ha d n o t a l wa ys t he sa m e o bje ct i o n t o l e a vi n g t he i r co un t r y whi ch t he y ha ve
ha d fo r m a n y ce n t ur i e s pa st
. It i s ve r y ce r t a i n t ha t t he S a n scr i t l a n g ua g e , i n i t s pr e se n t st a t e , i s
a n a r t i fi ci a l o n e , a n d t ha t i t i s n o t t he o l de st o f In di a
. No w, i t i s e qua l l y ce r t a i n t ha t t he m yt ho s
di d co m e t o It a l y ; t he n i t m ust ha ve co m e pr e vi o us t o t he S a n scr i t be i n g pe r fe ct e d
. The e xa m -
pl e s o f t he pe r so n a l ve r b, t he fo r m a t i o n o f t he de g r e e s o f co m pa r i so n o f t he a dje ct i ve , a n d t he
i de n t i t y o f t he n a m e s o f n um be r s, &c ., wi t h t ho se o f t he La t i n , whi ch I ha ve g i ve n i n m y
Ce l t i c
Dr ui ds, de ci de dl y a n d i n co n t r o ve r t i bl y .pr o ve t he i de n t i t y o f t he t wo l a n g ua g e s
. I suppo se i t wi l l
n o t be he l d t ha t It a l y ha s co l o n i ze d In di a . Wi l l a n y o n e be a bsur d e n o ug h a n y l o n g e r t o m a i n t a i n
t ha t Eg ypt co l o n i ze d In di a , m a ki n g t wo i sl a n ds o f El e pha n t a -t wo Ma t ur e a s, ca r r yi n g a l so t hi t he r
a n a st r o n o m i ca l m yt ho l o g y, sui t a bl e t o n o pa r t o f i t s o wn t e r r i t o r y, o r o f t ha t o f In di a , a n d t ha t
In di a se n t ba ck i n r e t ur n a l a n g ua g e t o It a l y a n d t he O M HA a KO M, 1 i n l a n g ua g e n o t
Gr e e k but In di a n ,
t o El e usi s ?
The fa ct o f t he bl a ck Go d Cr i st n a be i n g fo un d i n It a l y, Ge r m a n y, S wi t ze r l a n d, a n d Fr a n ce , i s o f
i t se l f, i n de pe n de n t o f a l l o t he r ci r cum st a n ce s, suffi ci e n t t o de ci de t he que st i o n . Ho w ca m e t he
Fr e n ch a n d It a l i a n s t o dye t he i r o wn Go d Cr i st n a
bl a ck, be fo r e t he y se n t i co n s o f hi m t o In di a ?
Ho w ca m e hi s m o t he r t o be bl a ck ?-t he bl a ck Ve n us, o r Isi s
t he m o t he r , t he vi r g i n m o t he r o f
di vi n e l o ve , o f A ur o r Ho r us, t he Lux o f S t
. Jo hn , t he Re g i n a Cce l i , t r e a di n g , i n t he sphe r e , o n t he
he a d o f t he se r pe n t -a l l m a r ks o f t he Je sus o f Be t hl e he m -o f t he t e m pl e o f t he sun , o r o f Ce r e s,
but n o t o f Je sus
o f Na za r e t h .
3
. The fo l l o wi n g o bse r va t i o n o f Mr . S e e l y, i s a l o n e qui t e suffi ci e n t t o de t e r m i n e t he que st i o n a s
t o whi ch o f t he t wo co un t r i e s, Eg ypt o r In di a , co l o n i ze d t he o t he r .
Mr . S e e l y sa ys,
"
The Co br a ca pe l l a , o r ho o de d S n a ke , be i n g un kn o wn i n A fr i ca , e xce pt a s

hi e r o g l yphi c, i t m a y be co n cl ude d (a s a l so fr o m o t he r a r g um e n t s), t ha t t he Eg ypt i a n s we r e t he

de po si t a r i e s, n o t t he i n ve n t o r s, o f t he i r m yt ho l o g i ca l a t t a i n m e n t s
." 2 If i t be t r ue t ha t t he r e a r e
n o sn a ke s o f t hi s ki n d i n A fr i ca , t ho ug h t he y a r e ve r y co m m o n l y fo un d a m o n g t he hi e r o g l yphi cs, I
' Ce l t i c Dr ui ds, Ch . II. S e ct
. XXVII.
By a
pr e t e n de d e m e n da t i o n o f
t he t e xt o f He sye hi us, a l e a r n e d Ge r m a n o f t he o r t ho do x scho o l , o f t he n a m e o f
Lo be ck, ha s a t t e m pt e d t o o ve r t hr o w t he a r g um e n t o f Co l
. Wi l fo r d r e spe ct i n g t he se cur i o us wo r ds, BUT he i s o bl i g e d
fi r st t o e m e n d t he t e xt
. I pr e fe r t he o pi n i o n s o f Cr e uze r , S che l l i n g , Mun t e r , a n d Uwa r r o w, upo n t hi s pa ssa g e , t o t ha t
o f Mr . Lo be ck. Vi de Fo r e i g n Qua r t e r l y Re vi e w, Ja n
. 18 3 1, p . 51 .
2 O n t he Ca ve s o f El l o r a , p . 216
.
252

Ma t ur e a
CHA PTER VIII
Ma t ur e s-O bje ct i o n s-Mr
. S e e l e y' s O bse r va t i o n s o n t he S e r pe n t -A t o n e m e n t ,
O r i g i n a l S i n -Bl a ck Na t i o n o f Buddhi st s i n A si a
.
1 . Whe n t he i de n t i t y o f t he do ct r i n e s o f Ge n e si s wi t h t he st o r y o f Cr i st n a i s co n si de r e d, t he
ci r cum st a n ce s o f t he Eg ypt i a n ci t y o f He l i o po l i s o r Ma t ur e a , t he ci t y o f t he S un , a s I ha ve fo r -
m e r l y she wn , a r e ve r y st r i ki n g . It wa s t he ca pi t a l o f Go she n , (Go she n m e a n s ho use o f t he sun , )
whe r e t he Isr a e l i t e s se t t l e d un de r Ja co b . It wa s he r e t he pr i e st Po t i pha r l i ve d a n d o ffi ci a t e d, t o
who se da ug ht e r Jo se ph wa s m a r r i e d . It wa s he r e , whe r e a Je wi sh t e m pl e wa s bui l t by O n i a s,
who wa s a t t he he a d o f a se ct o f schi sm a t i ca l o r he r e t i ca l Je ws, who se do ct r i n e s we ca n n o t kn o w,
o r o n wha t g r o un ds t he y m a i n t a i n e d t ha t t hi s wa s t he pr o pe r pl a ce fo r t he t e m pl e o f Je ho va h .
But we do kn o w t ha t t he y we r e ha t e d by t he o r t ho do x, a s a l m o st a l wa ys ha ppe n t o he r e t i cs .
Je r usa l e m , A CCO RDING TO THE PENTA TEUCH, ha d n o m o r e r i g ht t o ca l l i t se l f t he pl a ce cho se n
by Je ho va h t o pl a ce hi s t e m pl e t he r e , t ha n He l i o po l i s o r a n y o t he r ci t y . Thi s sa m e He l i o po l i s wa s
t he pl a ce t o whi ch, a s ha s be e n a l r e a dy she wn , Jo se ph a n d Ma r y fl e d fr o m He r o d, a n d whe r e Je sus
pe r fo r m e d g r e a t m i r a cl e s-a n d, i n hi s t i m e , wa s ca l l e d Ma t ur e a -t he n a m e o f t he bi r t hpl a ce o f
Cr i st n a , t he Ma t ur e a De o r um o f Pt o l e m y . It m a y be sa i d t he se t hi n g s do n o t pr o ve t he i de n t i t y
o f Je sus a n d Cr i st n a , a n d t ha t t he st o r y o f t he fo r m e r wa s co pi e d fr o m t he l a t t e r . Thi s I a dm i t .
But t ho ug h t he y do n o t pr o ve t he i de n t i t y o f Je sus a n d Cr i st n a , t he y pr o ve t ha t t he co r r upt i o n s
o f t he r e l i g i o n o f Je sus ha ve be e n co l l e ct e d fr o m t he m yt ho se s o f In di a , whi ch i s t he o bje ct fo r
whi ch t he y a r e pr o duce d . Be fo r e I co n cl ude t hi s wo r k, I sha l l pr o duce e vi de n ce t ha t t he m a n
Chr i st Je sus, t o use t he wo r ds o f t he g o spe l hi st o r i e s, wa s n o t a m a n l i vi n g i n In di a .'
I fe e l a pe r fe ct co n vi ct i o n t ha t I ha ve pr o ve d t ha t Buddha pr e ce de d Cr i st n a , a n d I a m e qua l l y
co n vi n ce d t ha t n o un pr e judi ce d pe r so n ca n do ubt t he e xi st e n ce o f t he wo r shi p o f Cr i st n a i n t he
r e i g n o f A l e xa n de r t he Gr e a t . We ha ve se e n t ha t Buddha wa s t he so n o f Ma i a , a vi r g i n , i n who se
wo m b he wa s i n ca r n a t e sa n s so ui l l ur e , 2 a n d who se bi r t h wa s fo r e t o l d m a n y ce n t ur i e s be fo r e i t
t o o k pl a ce . Thi s i s t he i de n t i ca l hi st o r y o f t he i m m a cul a t e co n ce pt i o n o f Pyt ha g o r a s, a n d i n l i ke
m a n n e r o f Je sus, fo r e t o l d be fo r e Je sus wa s bo r n
. A l m o st i m m e di a t e l y a ft e r wa r d we ha ve Buddha
a n d t he S a m a n e a n s, hi s pr i e st s, n o t i ce d by Cl e m e n s A l e xa n dr i n us, who st a t e s Buddha t o ha ve
be e n t he fo un de r o f t he se ct o f t he Gym n o so phi st s, i n t he sa m e m a n n e r a s t he Br a hm i n s we r e
use d t o a t t r i but e t he i r i n st i t ut i o n t o Br a hm a . 3 Re l a n d sa ys, " Ve ha r , t e m pl um De i pr i m a r i i
GQ Budde e
po vr r a que m In do s ut De um ve n e r a r i ja m o l i m n o t a vi t Cl e m e n s A l e xa n dr i n us ."'
' " The A n t o n i n e It i n e r a r y g i ve s 24 MP
. be t we e n He l i o po l i s a n d Me m phi s ; o f whi ch 12 a r e t a ke n up be t we e n He l i -
o po l i s a n d Ba byl o n . The fo r m e r o f t he se pl a ce s i s
un i ve r sa l l y a l l o we d by t r a ve l l e r s t o ha ve be e n a t Ma t a r e a , whe r e ,
"
a m o n g st o t he r r e m a i n s, a n o be l i sk i s st i l l st a n di n g . Be si de s t he r e m a i n s a t Ma t a r e a whi ch a r e by n o m e a n s e qui vo ca l ,

i n r e spe ct
o f t he fa ct whi ch t he y i n di ca t e , t he r e a r e o t he r ci r cum st a n ce s whi ch m ust be a l l o we d i n pr o o f
o f t he po si -
t i o n . The fo un t a i n a t l l l a t a r e a i s
n a m e d A n i S cha m s, o r t he fo un t a i n o f t he sun . A m o de r n t o wn , si t ua t e d so n e a r t o
t he si t e o f t he r e m a i n s a t Ma t a r e a , a s t ha t t he ski r t s o f t he t wo a r e wi t hi n a m i l e a n d ha l f o f e a ch o t he r ,
i s n a m e d
Ke l i ub
: whi ch i s n o do ubt t he sa m e wi t h He l i o po l i s, a l i t t l e cha n g e d
. The pr o vi n ce i s a l so ca l l e d Ke l i ubi e ; a n d a n -
swe r s t o t he a n ci e n t pr e fe ct ur a t e o f He l i o po l i s
. The m o un d o f He l i o po l i s, a cco r di n g t o Dr . Po co cke , i s a bo ut a m i l e
` i n l e n g t h, by ha l f t ha t br e a dt h . The o be l i sk, n o w st a n di n g , o ccupi e s n e a r l y t he ce n t r e o f i t
." Re n n e l , He r . p . 49 5.
'
A n i m m a cul a t e co n ce pt i o n .

' A si a t . Re s . Vo l . 1 . p . 16 8 .
4
S t r o m
. Li b. i
. p
. 223 ,
Di sse r t . xi . pa r s t e r t i a , p . 8 5.
Bo o k V. Cha pt e r VII
. S e ct i o n 6

251
l i a r e po cha s-Cr i st n a a bo ut 6 00 B
. C
., Chr i st hi m se l f a t t he e n d o f t hi s 6 00, a n d Cr i st n a 6 00 ye a r s
a ft e r wa r d .
A ft e r t hi s, i n a n o t he r l e t t e r ,
(Ib .) Mr
. Be n t l e y g o e s o n t o she w, by
A S TRO NO MICA L CA LCULA -
TIO NS A ND PRO O FS , t ha t he i s co r r e ct , a n d t ha t Cr i st n a wa s ce r t a i n l y, a s he ha d be fo r e sa i d, m o r e
t ha n 500 ye a r s be fo r e Chr i st .
The da t e o f t he se r a o f Yudi st ' hi r a i s t he o n l y fa ct whi ch m a t e r i a l l y co n ce r n s m y a r g um e n t , t hi s
be i n g a l l o we d by Mr . Be n t l e y t o be t he da t e o f t he bi r t h o f Cr i st n a
. Thi s da t e , i n
hi s po st hum o us
wo r k, I fi n d fi xe d, t o use hi s o wn wo r ds, de ci de dl y be yo n d t he po ssi bi l i t y o f do ubt ,
t o t he ye a r 575
be fo r e Chr i st . (S e e pp. 6 7, 72
.)
The n t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a ca n n o t ha ve be e n co pi e d fr o m
t ha t o f Chr i st .
I sha l l r e t ur n t o Mr
. Be n t l e y se ve r a l t i m e s i n t he co ur se o f t he wo r k
.
No do ubt t he di ffi cul t y o f co m i n g a t t he t r ut h i n que st i o n s o f t hi s n a t ur e i s e xce e di n g l y g r e a t
a n d a l m o st i n supe r a bl e . It i s ve r y e vi de n t t ha t wr i t t e n e vi de n ce ca n sca r ce l y e ve r be m a de fr e e
fr o m o bje ct i o n , a s t he co n t r o ve r sy be t we e n Mr . Co l e br o o ke a n d Mr . Be n t l e y pr o ve s
;
a n d I co n -
ce i ve t ha t i t ca n be di sco ve r e d whi ch si de i s i n t he r i g ht , o n l y fr o m co l l a t e r a l ci r cum st a n ce s, o ve r
whi ch n e i t he r pa r t y e n g a g e d ca n ha ve a n y co n t r o ul , a n d whi ch we l e a r n fr o m pe r so n s o r wr i t i n g s
t ha t ca n n o t by a n y po ssi bi l i t y ha ve a n y i n t e r e st i n t he que st i o n .
I a l l ude t o such e vi de n ce r e -
spe ct i n g t he He r i -Cr i st n a a t Mut r a a s i s a ffo r de d by A r r i a n , a n d t o such fa ct s a s t he e xi st e n ce o f
t wo Mut r a s o r Ma t ur e a s . A l l t hi s g o e s t o pr o ve t he g r e a t a bsur di t y o f be l i e vi n g t ha t Go d wo ul d
g i ve a syst e m t o hi s cr e a t ur e s t o be be l i e ve d un de r pa i n o f da m n a t i o n , de pe n di n g o n wr i t t e n e vi -
de n ce o f t hi s ki n d
.
In t hi s ca se I ca n n o t fo r g e t t ha t pa ssi o n , r e l i g i o us bi g o t r y, a n d i n t e r e st , a r e
o n o n e si de , a n d di si n t e r e st e d phi l o so phy, a n d n o t hi n g t ha t I ca n pe r ce i ve but a l o ve o f t r ut h, o n
t he o t he r . Whe n I co n si de r t he l e t t e r s t o Dr . Ma r sha m , wi t h t he ul t r a pi e t i sm o f Mr
. Be n t l e y,
a n d a l l t he ci r cum st a n ce s r e l a t i n g t o hi s l a st wo r k, pa r t l y wr i t t e n , a s I a m t o l d, o n hi s de a t h-be d,
I co n fe ss I fe e l r a t he r i n cl i n e d t o a do pt , o f hi s t wo o pi n i o n s, t ha t e n t e r t a i n e d whe n he wa s so un d
bo t h i n bo dy a n d m i n d
. It i s ve r y un wi se a n d g e n e r a l l y ve r y un ki n d, i n sur vi vi n g r e l a t i ve s t o
publ i sh t he de a t h-be d wo r ks o f t he i r fr i e n ds .
No t hi n g ca n be m o r e un sa t i sfa ct o r y t ha n t he o pi -
n i o n s o f pe r so n s i n t hi s si t ua t i o n .
The r e ca n be n o do ubt n o w, I t hi n k, t ha t t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a i s t he hi st o r y o f t he e qui n o ct i a l
sun i n A r i e s, a n d t ha t Buddha wa s t he e qui n o ct i a l sun i n Ta ur us
.
Buddha wa s Ba cchus, Cr i st n a
wa s He r cul e s, i n r e a l i t y, o n e 216 0 ye a r s a ft e r t he o t he r :
t hi s n e a r l y a g r e e s wi t h wha t i s sa i d by
A r r i a n , t ha t He r cul e s wa s m a n y g e n e r a t i o n s-1500 ye a r s-a ft e r Ba cchus
;
a n d t ha t , a s Pl ut a r ch
S a ys
)
Ba cchus a n d He r cul e s we r e m o de r n Go ds, I t ha t i s, t he y we r e n o t so o l d a s t he Go ds whi ch
g a ve n a m e s t o t he pl a n e t s .
A ft e r t he sun , I suppo se t he fi ve pl a n e t s, t he
di spo se r s,
a s Mo se s a n d
t he Pe l a sg i 2
ca l l e d t he m , we r e t he o bje ct s o f a do r a t i o n , a n d t he fo un da t i o n o f a st r o l o g y
.
The
si g n s o f t he Zo di a c, a n d t he fe st i va l s a t t he ve r n a l e qui n o x, fo l l o we d i n due co ur se
.
Pl ut a r ch sa ys, De Isi de e t O si r i de , (S qui r e , p . 3 5, ) " O si r i s a n d
Isi s
we r e t r a n sl a t e d a s so m e sa y t o t he r a n k
o f
Go ds, a s Ba cchus a n d He r cul e s we r e i n a ft e r a g e s"-t hus co n fi r m i n g m y i de a , t ha t t he l a t t e r we r e n o t t he o l de st
Go ds .
4
Pe l a sg i , Pho e n i ci a n S a i l o r s . S e e Ce l t i c Dr ui ds, pp
. 258 e t se q.
250

i \ Ir . Be n t l e y' s Re ca n t a t i o n t o Dr
. A Ia r sha m
wo ul d be a co n se que n ce o f t he o ve r t hr o w o f t he i r un i ve r sa l po we r , a n d he n ce t he y co ul d n o l o n g e r
a t t e m pt t o co r r e ct a st r o n o m i ca l e r r o r s . Thus we fi n d t he i r t a bl e s m o st co r r e ct , a t t he t i m e o f
t he i r co n que st , t he de st r uct i o n o f t he i r po we r , a n d t he po l l ut i o n o f t he i r t e m pl e s a n d co l l e g e s .
The se co n si de r a t i o n s a l so a cco un t fo r t he co r r e ct i o n wi t ho ut t he i m put a t i o n o f i n t e n t i o n a l fr a ud
i n t he Br a hm i n s, t o who m (t ho ug h I do n o t co n si de r t he m be t t e r t ha n o t he r pr i e st s, fo r a l l pr i e st s,
a s bo di e s, wi l l de ce i ve , i f t he y ha ve t he po we r ) I do n o t l i ke t o i m put e fr a ud, i f I ca n a vo i d i t .
The se co n si de r a t i o n s a l so l e a ve Mr . Be n t l e y' s a st r o n o m i ca l a r g um e n t s a l l t he i r fo r ce , a n d t o hi m
a l l t he cr e di t whi ch i s just l y due fo r hi s i n g e n ui t y . The g r e a t l y e xa g g e r a t e d a cco un t s o f Mr .
Be n t l e y be t r a y a co n sci o usn e ss o f we a kn e ss i n a r g um e n t
. The do ct r i n e t ha t a r e n e we d i n ca r n a -
t i o n wa s e xpe ct e d e ve r y 6 00 ye a r s, i s suppo r t e d by a g r e a t n um be r o f fa ct s whi ch ca n n o t be di s-
put e d, t o t a l l y i n de pe n de n t o f e a ch o t he r , a n d fo un d i n wi de l y-se pa r a t e d co un t r i e s . Fo r e xa m pl e -
t he t e n a g e s i n In di a a n d i n Eur o pe , e i g ht o f t he m n e a r l y fi n i she d, a n d a n i n t h e xpe ct e d t o a r r i ve ,
whe n a n e w sa vi o ur wa s t o a ppe a r -a n e w i n ca r n a t i o n o f t he S upr e m e Be i n g
. Thi s suppl i e s a
cl ue t o a l l t he di ffi cul t i e s r e spe ct i n g t he da t e o f t he Go d wi t h a t ho usa n d n a m e s
. He wa s bo r n i n
t he t i m e o f Jo shua , a n d i n t he t i m e o f Ca e sa r ;
but t ho ug h he ha d di ffe r e n t n a m e s, ye t he ha d t he
sa m e n a m e .
Thi s i s si m i l a r t o t he m i st a ke o f t he Je wi sh r a bbl e i n t a ki n g Je sus Chr i st fo r a n
i n ca r n a t i o n o f El i a s, E%l o c, o r t he Go d
1n '
i e u,
i i -1' 5m
a l i e u, a l -Ie u .
Mr
. Be n t l e y ha s a dm i t t e d se ve r a l fa ct s o f co n se que n ce , whi ch, a s he i s a n o ppo n e n t t o m y do c-
t r i n e s, t he r e a de r wi l l kn o w ho w t o e st i m a t e
.
Mr
. Be n t l e y ha s o bse r ve d, t ha t He r m e s wa s t he so n o f O si r i s a n d Ma i a , a n d t ha t Me r cur y wa s
t he so n o f Jupi t e r a n d Ma i a ; t ha t Buddha wa s a l so t he so n o f Ma i a , a n d wa s t he sa m e a s Me r -
cur y, a n d t ha t hi s n a m e m e a n t WIS E o r WIS DO M .' He a l l o ws 2
t ha t t he i m a g e o f S i va , i s
g e n e r a l l y a cco m pa n i e d wi t h a Bul l t o i n di ca t e t he co m m e n ce m e n t o f t he ye a r fr o n t t he si g n Ta ur us,
o r fi r st o f Ma y .
He sa ys t ha t
S ur a i n S a n scr i t m e a n s l i g ht , a n d <4sur a
m e a n s da r kn e ss . Thi s i s
e vi de n t l y t he S ur ya , a n d
' 1t v sr , O si r i s. Mr . Be n t l e y a l so ske ws t ha t t he Hi n do o m a n si o n s o f t he
m o o n we r e
o r i g i n a l l y 28 n o t 27 i n n um be r . 3 Co r n i n g fr o m Mr
. Be n t l e y, m y o ppo n e n t , t he se a r e
a l l i m po r t a n t a dm i ssi o n s-st r o n g l y suppo r t i n g m y syst e m .
6 . Lo n g a ft e r I ha d wr i t t e n t he a bo ve r e spe ct i n g Mr . Be n t l e y, I fo un d wha t a t o n ce se t t l e s t he
que st i o n ; but a s I t hi n k i t e xt r e m e l y de si r a bl e , i n a ca se o f such i m po r t a n ce , t ha t m y r e a de r
sho ul d se e t he st e ps by whi ch I ha ve g r a dua l l y a r r i ve d a t m y co n cl usi o n s, I sha l l n o t e xpun g e
wha t I ha d pr e vi o usl y wr i t t e n
.
If a n y de pe n de n ce ca n be pl a ce d o n Mr . Be n t l e y' s o wn wo r ds, he wa s a t l a st sa t i sfi e d t ha t t he
st o r y o f Cr i st n a ha vi n g be e n co pi e d fr o m t ha t o f Je sus Chr i st , o f whi ch I ha ve t r e a t e d i n m y Ce l t i c
Dr ui ds, a n d a l so be fo r e i n t hi s wo r k, wa s n o t t o be suppo r t e d . In a l e t t e r fr o m hi m , publ i she d by
t he Re v
. J
. Ma r sha r n , D
. D ., i n hi s El e m e n t s o f t he Chi n e se Gr a m m a r , i s t he fo l l o wi n g pa ssa g e
`c
Jul y 4t h, 18 13 ,
Kr i shn a wa s co n t e m po r a r y wi t h Yo o dhi sl i t ' hi r a (se e t he Ge e t a ), a n d t he e po ch
o f Yo o dhi st ' hi r a ' s bi r t h wa s t he ye a r 2526 o f t he Ca l i Yug o f t he pr e se n t a st r o n o m e r s, o r a bo ut 575
ye a r s be fo r e t he Chr i st i a n
e r a ."
The fa ct o f Cr i st n a ' s l i vi n g m o r e t ha n 500 ye a r s be fo r e Chr i st
a t o n ce di spo se s o f a l l t he n o n se n se , bo t h o r a l a n d wr i t t e n , a bo ut t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a be i n g
co pi e d fr o m t ha t o f Chr i st
. The a dm i ssi o n a l so r e m o ve s t he o n l y pl a usi bl e o bje ct i o n t o t he who l e
o f m y t he o r y, a n d a t o n ce she ws t ha t m y e xpl a n a t i o n o f t he n a t ur e o f t he Ja n a m pa t r i o f Cr i st n a i s
co r r e ct
. Mr . Be n t l e y' s a dm i ssi o n o pe n s t he do o r t o m y t he o r y, t ha t r e n e we d i n ca r n a t i o n s o f t he
sa m e pe r so n s we r e be l i e ve d t o ha ve t a ke n pl a ce , a n d i n de e d n e a r l y pr o ve s t he t r ut h o f i t r e spe ct i n g
t he m : fo r we ha ve he r e o n e Cr i st n a a bo ut 6 00 ye a r s be fo r e Chr i st , a n d a n o t he r Cr i st n a a bo ut
6 00 ye a r s a ft e r hi m . He r e a r e t hr e e pe r so n s o f t he sa m e n a m e i n t he wo r l d, a t t hr e e ve r y pe cu-
' Pp
. 55, 56 , 6 0 .

2
P. 58 .

3 P. 5.
Bo o k V. Cha pt e r VII . S e ct i o n 5

249
Thi s pa ssa g e i s o f t he ve r y fi r st i m po r t a n ce
; be ca use , a s a l l t he a r g um e n t s a g a i n st t he a n t i -
qui t y o f t he Hi n do o l e a r n i n g ha ve be e n r e fut e d, so a s t o l e a ve n o que st i o n e xce pt t hi s o f Mr
.
Be n t l e y' s, i t she ws t ha t t hi s l a st ho l d, e ve n i f n o t r e m o ve d by o t he r a r g um e n t s a n d pr e sum pt i ve
e vi de n ce , i s n o t a n y l o n g e r t e n a bl e
. A n d i t she ws t hi s i n t he be st m a n n e r
; fo r i t do e s n o t she w
t ha t Mr
. Be n t l e y ha s be e n wr o n g , e i t he r i n hi s r e a so n i n g o r hi s fa ct
: but i t ha r m o n i ze s bo t h t o
t he a ssum e d a sse r t i o n s o f t he Hi n do o s a n d t he o t he r ci r cum st a n ce s
. Thi s a l so ha r m o n i ze s pe r -
fe ct l y wi t h t he syst e m o f r e n e we d i n ca r n a t i o n s whi ch I ha ve e xhi bi t e d t o t he vi e w o f t he r e a de r
;
a n d t hus t he m i n ut e e xa m i n a t i o n , co n se que n t o n t he co n t r o ve r sy, i n t he e n d, a s i t a l wa ys do e s
co n duce , ha s co n duce d t o t he ca use o f t r ut h . A l l t hi s a l so ha r m o n i ze s pe r fe ct l y wi t h wha t ha s
be e n sa i d i n t he pr e l i m i n a r y o bse r va t i o n s r e spe ct i n g t he g r e a t a n t i qui t y a n d t he i de n t i t y o f t he
Ta ur i c fe st i va l s i n In di a a n d Br i t a i n .
The un di sput e d fa ct n o t i ce d a bo ve by Mr . Co l e br o o ke o f t he pr a ct i ce o f t he Br a hm i n s i n m o -
de r n i zi n g t he i r a n ci e n t t r e a t i se s, a t o n ce r e n de r s Mr . Be n t l e y' s a r g um e n t s i n co n cl usi ve , a n d l e a ve s
i n ful l fo r ce a l l t ha t Mr . Co l e br o o ke ha s sa i d r e spe ct i n g t he i m po ssi bi l i t y o f fo r g i n g bo o ks t o t he
e xt e n t co n t e m pl a t e d by Mr . Be n t l e y, t ho ug h t ha t wo ul d be a bso l ut e l y n e ce ssa r y t o suppo r t hi s
syst e m . The qua n t i t y o f fr a ud a n d fo r g e r y n e ce ssa r y fo r de ce i vi n g t he si n g l e de spo t Mo ha m e d
A kba r a bo ut t he ye a r 1556 , 1 a cco r di n g t o t he t he o r y o f Mr . Be n t l e y, un suppo r t e d by a n y a ut ho -
r i t i e s, co n st i t ut e s a n e ffe ct so o ut o f a l l pr o po r t i o n t o i t s suppo se d ca use , t ha t i t i s, I be l i e ve , by
a l m o st a l l sci e n t i fi c Eur o pe a n s o f t he Hi n do o scho o l , l o o ke d upo n wi t h t he m o st pe r fe ct co n t e m pt .
The o bse r va t i o n o f Mr . Co l e br o o ke i n t he l a st se n t e n ce o f t he quo t a t i o n a bo ve , t ha t t he r e fe r e n ce s
a r e t o wo r ks un co n n e ct e d wi t h t he i n t e r n a l e vi de n ce se e m s co n cl usi ve , a n d I ca n n o t fi n d i n Mr .
Be n t l e y' s a n swe r a n y t hi n g t o a ffo r d a sa t i sfa ct o r y r e pl y t o t hi s
. I t he r e fo r e fe e l o bl i g e d t o a do pt
Mr . Co l e br o o ke ' s m o de o f a cco un t i n g fo r t he a ppa r e n t di ffi cul t i e s whi ch Mr
. Be n t l e y ha s po i n t e d
o ut . N
But I a ppr e he n d, i n de pe n de n t l y o f t he o t he r a r g um e n t , t ha t t he ci r cum st a n ce o f t he o l d se r a
o f t he Ca l i -yug e xa ct l y a g r e e i n g wi t h i t s pr e se n t da t e , ha vi n g be e n o bse r ve d by A l Ma n so r a t t he
co ur t o f Ba l k, a s n o t i ce d be fo r e by m e , t e n ds st r o n g l y t o - o ve r t hr o w a l l t he n o n se n si ca l spe cul a -
t i o n s o f m o de r n fo r g e r y t o pl e a se Mo ha m e d A kba r .
5
. In m y Ce l t i c Dr ui ds I ha ve sa i d t ha t t he r e n o va t i o n o f t he cycl e s wo ul d a cco un t fo r t he a p-
pe a r a n ce o f Cr i st n a i n o n e o f t ho se o f l a t e da t e
. A s I ha ve o bse r ve d be fo r e , i t m a y be r e pl i e d t o
t hi s, t ha t a l t ho ug h t he sun a n d m o o n wo ul d ho l d t he sa m e r e l a t i ve si t ua t i o n t o o n e a n o t he r i n
co n se que n ce o f t he pr e ce ssi o n o f t he e qui n o xe s, t he y wo ul d n o t ho l d t he sa m e si t ua t i o n s i n r e l a -
t i o n t o t he pl a n e t s a n d fi xe d st a r s
. It i s ve r y cl e a r t ha t t hi s m ust ha ve be e n o bse r ve d by t he
Hi n do o a st r o n o m e r s, i n a ve r y l i t t l e t i m e , i f t he y m a de a n y a ct ua l o bse r va t i o n s, a n d i n e a ch cycl e ,
whe n t he y r e n e we d t he i r bo o ks t he y wo ul d e n de a vo ur , a s t he y t ho ug ht , t o co r r e ct t he m
. Thi s
pe r fe ct l y a g r e e s wi t h wha t Mr
. Co l e br o o ke ha s i n fo r m e d us a bo ve r e spe ct i n g t he Br a hm a S i d-
ha n t ha , &c
. The se t r a ct s, whi ch he n o t i ce s, ha ve e vi de n t l y e sca pe d t he co r r e ct i o n , a n d se r ve i n a
di ffe r e n t a n d di st a n t cl i m e t o co n fi r m t he pr o fo un d a r g um e n t o f
Mi cha e l i s a n d Bi sho p Ma r sh r e -
spe ct i n g t he di ffi cul t y o f co r r upt i n g t he g o spe l hi st o r i e s i n l a t e r t i m e s. It i s e vi de n t t ha t t he
Br a hm i n s who m a de t he co r r e ct i o n s, ha ve n o t ha d po sse ssi o n o f a l l t he o l d co pi e s, whi ch, i n so m e
r e t i r e d t e m pl e o f so m e o f t he n um e r o us se ct s, ha ve pr o ba bl y be e n co pi e d by a pe r so n i g n o r a n t o f
wha t wa s do n e a t Be n a r e s o r O ug e i n
. The Ja n a m pa t r i o f Cr i st n a , g i ve n by Mr
. Be n t l e y fo r
a bo ut t he ye a r 6 00 a ft e r Chr i st , wa s n o t l o n g be fo r e t he t i m e whe n t he Mo ha m e da n s o ve r r a n
In di a , a n d de st r o ye d a l l t he t e m pl e s a n d co l l e g e s
: a n d fr o m t hi s t i m e pr o ba bl y m a y be da t e d t he
i g n o r a n ce o f t he Br a hm i n s, a n d t he ce ssa t i o n o f t he g e n e r a l co r r e spo n de n ce a m o n g t he m , whi ch
'
Vi de Be n t l e y o n Hi n do o A st r
. p . 16 4.
248

Co l e br o o ke o n t he Fo r g e r i e s
Whe n i t i s co n si de r e d t ha t t he Vya sa , o f who m so m uch ha s be e n sa i d, i s a n i m a g i n a r y cha -
r a ct e r , t ha t t he wo r d m e a n s m e r e l y a co m pi l e r , a n d t ha t whe n we sa y
Vya sa co m pi l e d t he Ve da s,
we o ug ht t o sa y, t he co m pi l e r co m pi l e d t he m a t such o r such a t i m e , a n d, t ha t i t i s a dm i t t e d t ha t
t he y we r e co m pi l e d fr o m o r a l t r a di t i o n s-i t do e s n o t se e m t o m e pr o ba bl e , t ha t t he Br a hm i n s ha d
a n y fr a udul e n t o r di sho n e st i n t e n t i o n i n co r r e ct i n g t he a st r o n o m i ca l pa r t s o f t he m
. The y co n t a i n e d
a st r o n o m i ca l fa ct s, i n whi ch, i n t he i r o l d bo o ks, t he y di sco ve r e d e r r o r s, a n d t he y co r r e ct e d t he m
.
The a st r o n o m i ca l t a bl e s ha d n o co n n e xi o n wi t h r e l i g i o n
: n o r wa s i t po ssi bl e t he Br a hm i n s co ul d
fo r e se e t ha t t he se t a bl e s co ul d e ve r , i n Lo n do n o r a n y whe r e e l se , a t a fut ur e da y, ha ve a n y co n -
n e xi o n wi t h i t
. A ft e r t he Myt ho s wa s e st a bl i she d a bo ut t he ye a r B
. C. 3 101 o n t he Cycl e o f t he
Ne r o s, i t st o o d st i l l
;
but t he a st r o n o m y co n st a n t l y a dva n ce d
. The sa m e t hi n g t a ke s pl a ce wi t h
o ur a st r o n o m i ca l t a bl e s, t a bl e s Qf Lo g a r i t hm s, &c
., &c
. In e ve r y n e w e di t i o n e r r o r s a r e
co r r e ct e d
.
Mr
. Co l e br o o ke r a ft e r a ve r y ca r e ful e xa m i n a t i o n o f t he cr e di t due t o t he g e n ui n e n e ss o f t he
Ve da s, i n cl i n e s t o t hi n k t he wo r shi p o f Cr i st n a m a y ha ve be e n i n t r o duce d a t o r a ft e r t he t i m e
t ha t t he pe r se cut i o n t o o k pl a ce o f t he Buddhi st s a n d Ja i n s
. 2 Thi s I t hi n k i s t he t r ut h, a n d a s
fa r a s t he fa ct g o e s a g r e e s pe r fe ct l y wi t h m y t he o r y, t ha t Cr i st n a i s o n l y t he In di a n He r cul e s, t he
S un i n A r i e s
. A n d t hi s o bvi a t e s e n t i r e l y a n o t he r o pi n i o n o f Mr
. Co l e br o o ke ' s, a n d pr o ve s t ha t t he
Hi n do o s di d n o t de i fy he r o e s
. 3
The pr e ci se t i m e whe n t he st r ug g l e t o o k pl a ce be t we e n t he
fo l l o we r s o f t he S un i n Ta ur us, a n d t ho se o f t he S un i n A r i e s, i s do ubt ful
. It m ust , ho we ve r , ha ve
t a ke n pl a ce a t so m e t i m e -i t m a y ha ve be e n a l o n g t i m e -a n d i f t he y di d n o t t he n pe r fe ct l y
un de r st a n d t he pr e ce ssi o n o f t he e qui n o x, i t pr o ba bl y wa s
a l o n g t i m e a ft e r t he S un e n t e r e d A r i e s .
The a r g um e n t r e l i e d o n by Mr
. Be n t l e y i s o f a n e xt r e m e l y a bst r use a n d di ffi cul t n a t ur e : a n d I
sho ul d sa y, i n o ppo si t i o n t o t he n um e r o us fa ct s, a n d t he m a ss o f ci r cum st a n t i a l e vi de n ce i n fa vo ur
o f t he a n t i qui t y o f t he Hi n do o wo r ks, wi l l i t se l f se r ve a s a n e xa m pl e o f t he fa l l a cy o f t he syst e m
r e co m m e n de d by hi m
. I kn o w n o t be t t e r bo w t o de scr i be i t , t ha n by g i vi n g a n e xt r a ct fr o m a
pa pe r o f Mr
. Co l e br o o ke ' s i n t he A si a t i c Re se a r che s
. 4 The pr a ct i ce o f m o de r n i zi n g bo o ks,
a l l ude d t o by Mr
. Co l e br o o ke , se e m s t o ha r m o n i ze t he fa ct s, whi ch ca n n o t be que st i o n e d, wi t h t he
pl a usi bl e hypo t he si s o f Mr
. Be n t l e y, a n d t hus t o r e m o ve a ve r y g r e a t di ffi cul t y
"
Wi t ho ut e n t e r i n g a t l e n g t h i n t o a n y di squi si t i o n o n t hi s subje ct , o r di scussi n g t he a ccur a cy
o f t he pr e m i se s, but a cce di n g g e n e r a l l y t o t he po si t i o n , t ha t t he da t e o f a se t o f a st r o n o m i ca l
' ~ t a bl e s, o r o f a syst e m fo r t he co m put a t i o n o f t he pl a ce s o f pl a n e t s, i s de duci bl e fr o m t he a st e r
~~ t a i n m e n t o f a t i m e whe n t ha t syst e m o r se t o f t a bl e s g a ve r e sul t s n e a r e st t o t he t r ut h ; a n d
~~ g r a n t i n g t ha t t he da t e a bo ve -m e n t i o n e d a ppr o xi m a t e s wi t hi n ce r t a i n l i m i t s t o such a n a sce r t a i n -
m e n t
;
I sha l l m e r e l y o bse r ve t ha t , suppo si n g t he da t e s o t he r wi se i r r e co n ci l a bl e , st i l l t he bo o k
~~ whi ch we n o w ha ve un de r t he n a m e o f S i t r ya , o r S a ur a , S i dd' ha n t a , m a y ha ve be e n , a n d
' ~ pr o ba bl y wa s, m o de r n i ze d fr o m a m o r e a n ci e n t t r e a t i se o f t he sa m e n a m e , t he l a t e r wo r k bo r r o w-
i n g i t s t i t l e fr o m a n e a r l i e r pe r fo r m a n ce o f a di ffe r e n t a ut ho r
. We ha ve a n i n st a n ce o f t hi s
" pr a ct i ce i n t he ki n dr e d ca se o f t he Br a hm e -si dd' ha n t a
: fo r we a r e a cqua i n t e d wi t h n o l e ss t ha n
~~ t hr e e a st r o n o m i ca l t r e a t i se s be a r i n g t hi s t i t l e
:
a n d a n e qua l n um be r o f t r a ct s, e n t i t l e d Va si sht ' ha -
' si dd' hkn t a , m a y be t r a ce d i n t he quo t a t i o n s o f a ut ho r s
. Thi s so l ut i o n o f t he o bje ct i o n a l so i s
~~ e n t i r e l y co m pa t i bl e wi t h t he t e n o ur o f t he r e fe r e n ce s t o t he S a ur a , whi ch ha ve be e n ye t r e m a r ke d
" i n t he wo r ks o f Br a hm e g upt a a n d Va r a ha m i r a
; n o n e o f t he m be i n g r e l a t i ve t o po i n t s t ha t fur n i sh
~~ a r g um e n t s fo r co n cl udi n g t he a g e o f t he bo o k fr o m i n t e r n a l e vi de n ce
."
t A si a t . Re s . Vo l . VIII
. 8 vo . pp . 3 77, 48 0, 49 7 .

a
Vi de p . 49 5, e d. Lo n d . 18 08 .
3 Ibi d
.

1 Vo l . XII, p. 228
.
Bo o k 1' . Cha pt e r I' l l
. S e ct i o n 4
247
m a y, ho we ve r un l i ke l y, be t r ue . But t hi s wi l l n o t a cco un t fo r
t he de st r uct i o n o f t he o l d wo r ks
i n a l l t he di a l e ct s spo ke n by va r i o us se ct s o ve r a l l t he co un t r i e s e a st o f t he In dus, whi ch e xi st e d
be fo r e a ce r t a i n pe r i o d, a n d t he m a n ufa ct ur e o f a l m o st i n n um e r a bl e n e w wo r ks,
fo r t he use o f a l l
t he se di ffe r e n t a n d ho st i l e se ct s
.
4. It ha s be e n o bse r ve d by Mr . Co l e br o o ke t ha t t he o bse r va t i o n s o f Hi n do o a st r o n o m e r s we r e e ve r
e xt r e m e l y co a r se a n d i m pe r fe ct , a n d t he i r pr a ct i ce ve r y i n fe r i o r t o t he i r t he o r y o f a st r o n o m y
. A n
i m pr o ve d t he o r y, o r t he hi n t o f i t , wa s bo r r o we d fr o m t he We st :
but t he y di d n o t l e a r n t o m a ke
co r r e ct o bse r va t i o n s
. The y we r e co n t e n t , i n pr a ct i ce , wi t h a r ude a ppr o xi m a t i o n
A g a i n Mr .
C . sa ys,
11
We a r e n o t t o t r y t he i r r ul e s by t he t e st o f t he i r a g r e e m e n t wi t h a ccur a t e o bse r va t i o n s
a t a n y a ssi g n a bl e m o m e n t , a n d t he n ce co n cl ude t ha t t he r ul e a n d i t s co r r e ct a ppl i ca t i o n a r e
6 C co n t e m po r a n e o us . Thi s ha s a l wa ys be e n t he po i n t a t i ssue be t we e n Mr
. Be n t l e y a n d m e . He
C 0 m e n t i o n e d, i n hi s fi r st e ssa y, t ha t t he a g e o f a Hi n du a st r o n o m i ca l t r e a t i se ca n be so de t e r m i n e d
~~ wi t h pr e ci si o n :
I ha ve a l wa ys co n t e n de d t ha t t he i r pr a ct i ca l a st r o n o m y ha s be e n t o o l o o se a n d
GQ
i m pe r fe ct fo r t he a ppl i ca t i o n o f t ha t t e st , e xce pt a s a n a ppr o xi m a t i o n
. In o n e i n st a n ce , by t he
~~ r i g o r o us use o f hi s t e st he wo ul d ha ve ha d t o pr o n o un ce t ha t t he wo r k un de r e xa m i n a t i o n i s o f
~~ a n
a g e ye t t o co m e (1454 ye a r s a ft e r A .D .
179 9 ) .
1
To a vo i d so m o n st r o us a n a bsur di t y l i e
~ r e je ct e d t hi s ca se , a n d de duce d a m e a n fr o m t he o t he r r e sul t s, va r yi n g fr o m
3 40 t o 1105 ye a r s" 2
But I t hi n k t he e xa m pl e o f t he fa l l a ci e s t o whi ch Mr . Be n t l e y' s m o de o f a r g um e n t i s l i a bl e , whi ch
t he de duct i o n o f Mr . Co l e br o o ke i n t hi s ca se ha s she wn , i s qui t e suffi ci e n t t o pr o ve t ha t Mr
.
Be n t l e y' s co n cl usi o n s ca n n o t o n a n y a cco un t be pe r m i t t e d t o we i g h a g a i n st a l l t he fa ct s a n d
po we r ful r e a so n s whi ch ha ve be e n g i ve n . In de e d, Mr
. Co l e br o o ke ' s o bse r va t i o n se e m s t o m e a t
o n ce t o pr o ve t he fa l l a cy o f hi s r ul e , n o t wi t hst a n di n g t ha t i t ha s be e n a dm i t t e d by so m e ve r y
e m i n e n t a st r o n o m e r s .
Re spe ct i n g t he m a n uscr i pt s o f In di a , t he m i ssi o n a r y Dr
. Bucha n a n sa ys, 3 "
The g r e a t e r pa r t
~~ o f Be n g a l m a n uscr i pt s, o wi n g t o t he ba dn e ss o f t he pa pe r , r e qui r e t o be co pi e d a t l e a st o n ce i n
t e n ye a r s, a s t he y wi l l i n t ha t cl i m a t e pr e se r ve n o l o n g e r :
a n d e ve r y co pi e st , i t i s t o be sus-
pe ct e d, pe t t e d, a dds t o o l d bo o ks wha t e ve r di sco ve r i e s he m a ke s, r e l i n qui shi n g hi s i m m e di a t e r e put a t i o n
~ fo r l e a r n i n g , i n o r de r t o pr o m o t e t he g r a n d a n d pr o fi t a bl e e m pl o ym e n t o f hi s se ct , t he de l usi o n
" o f t he m ul t i t ude ." O r a s he pr o ba bl y wo ul d sa y, (i n fa ct a s
a l l pr i e st s
wo ul d sa y, ) t he e n l i g ht -
e n i n g o f t he m ul t i t ude . I kn o w n o r e a so n why t he Do ct o r sho ul d be g ui l t y o f a n y de ce i t he r e
but i f he st a t e t he fa ct fa i r l y we se e ho w co m pl e t e l y he just i fi e s wha t Mr
. Co l e br o o ke ha s sa i d
r e spe ct i n g t he co r r e ct i o n s o f t he a n ci e n t a st r o n o m i ca l wo r ks by t he m o de r n s
;
a n d t hus e n t i r e l y
o ve r t hr o ws Mr
. Be n t l e y' s spe ci o us r e a so n i n g s, fr o m t he co r r e ct n e ss o f t he a st r o n o m i ca l o bse r va -
t i o n s .
The fa ct he r e st a t e d a t o n ce a cco un t s fo r n o o l d m a n uscr i pt s be i n g fo un d un co r r e ct e d
.
No m a n wo ul d r e n e w a co py e xce pt fr o m t he l a st ve r si o n .
Mr . Co l e br o o ke se e m s t o co n si de r t he a do r a t i o n o f Cr i st n a a s He r o -wo r shi p
; t he sa m e o f Me n u
.
Thi s i s a g r e a t m i st a ke . The y a r e bo t h pe r so n i fi ca t i o n s o r i n ca r n a t i o n s, l i ke Buddha , o f Di vi n e
Wi sdo m -fr o m t he l a t t e r o f whi ch ca m e t he He br e w
r 7] n h, t he Gr e e k No o c, a n d t he La t i n
3 1e n s,
a s I ha ve be fo r e she wn .
I ha ve n o do ubt t ha t t he Buddhi st s a n d Br a hm i n s co n st i t ut e d o n e se ct ,
fo l l o we r s o f Br a hm a , t i l l t he S un e n t e r e d A r i e s ;
t he n t he y di vi de d
; a n d t he Buddhi st s we r e
dr i ve n o ut o f In di a .
But t he Buddhi st s ha d t he r e n e we d i n ca r n a t i o n s, pr e ci se l y t he sa m e i n
n um be r a s t he Br a hm i n s-fo r t he syst e m s we r e t he sa m e
; a n d t hi s a cco un t s fo r t he yo un g e r
Buddha , a ft e r Chr i st , who m t he Br a hm i n s ca l l a n i m po st o r
. Tha t t he r e we r e t o be t e n i n ca r n a -
t i o n s i n a l l , wa s a do ct r i n e a dm i t t e d by bo t h
.
S e e A si a t . Re s. Vo l . VI
. P
. 570 .

A si a t i c Jo ur n a l , Ma r ch 18 26 , p . 3 6 5.

3 A si a t . Re s. Vo l . VI
. p . 174.
246

Fo r g e r i e s
Whe n t he sm a l l n um be r o f t he Chr i st i a n s, i n co m pa r i so n wi t h t he i m m e n se n um be r o f Hi n do o s
spr e a d o ve r a l l In di a , a n d usi n g a g r e a t va r i e t y o f di a l e ct s, i s co n si de r e d, i t se e m s pe r fe ct l y i n cr e -
di bl e , t ha t t he syst e m o f fr a ud suppo se d by Mr . Be n t l e y ca n ha ve t a ke n pl a ce ; t ha t fo r t hi s
o bje ct t he fi g ur e s i n t he t e m pl e s sho ul d ha ve be e n cut o ut o f t he r o ck, o r t he ca ve s e xca va t e d, o r
t he t e m pl e s t he m se l ve s e r e ct e d . Mr
. Be n t l e y' s e ffe ct i s o ut o f a l l pr o po r t i o n t o i t s ca use
.
Cr i st n a , hi s st a t ue s, t e m pl e s, a n d bo o ks, &c
., r e spe ct i n g hi m , a r e t o be fo un d whe r e a Chr i st i a n
n e ve r ca m e . Is i t n o t a bsur d t o suppo se t ha t a l l a t o n ce t he Br a hm i n s co ul d i n ve n t t he st o r y o f
Cr i st n a , a n d m a ke i t do ve t a i l i n t o a l l t he i r o t he r supe r st i t i o n s-m a ke hi m fo r m a n i n t e g r a l pa r t
o f t he i r cur i o us Tr i n i t y, t he a ct ua l Tr i n i t y o f a n ci e n t Pe r si a a n d o f Pl a t o -m a ke hi m a l so e xa ct l y
fi t i n t o t he t he o l o g i ca l i n fe r e n ce s o f t he m o de r n Chr i st i a n s r e spe ct i n g t he m e a n i n g o f t he fi r st
cha pt e r s o f Ge n e si s-m a ke hi s st o r y e xa ct l y a g r e e wi t h t he o r t ho do x m a ssa cr e o f t he i n n o ce n t s-
a n d, fi n a l l y, m a ke a l l t hi s be r e ce i ve d a s a n a n ci e n t do ct r i n e a n d a r t i cl e o f fa i t h, by m i l l i o n s o f
pe o pl e who m ust ha ve kn o wn ve r y we l l t ha t i t wa s a l l pe r fe ct l y n e w t o t he m , a n d t ha t t he y ha d
n e ve r he a r d o f i t be fo r e ! I
Be si de s, i t i s n o t o n l y t he i m m a cul a t e co n ce pt i o n a n d cr uci fi xi o n o f
Cr i st n a whi ch m ust ha ve be e n i n ve n t e d t o se r ve Mr . Be n t l e y' s pur po se ; t he cr uci fi xi o n o f t he
Go d In dr a i n Ne pa ul ; i n fa ct , t he i m m a cul a t e co n ce pt i o n , cr uci fi xi o n , a n d r e sur r e ct i o n o f Buddha ,
i n Ne pa ul a n d Ti be t , e qua l l y wi t h t he r e l i g i o n o f t he S a m a n a e a n s o f Cl e m e n s A l e xa n dr i n us,
2 a n d
o f t he Buddha o f Po r phyr y a n d Je r o m , bo r n fr o m t he si de o f hi s m o t he r , m ust ha ve be e n i n ve n t e d
.
Ye s,
a l l t he se t hi n g s m ust ha ve be e n fo r g e d .
3 . The fo r g e r i e s o f t he e a r l y Chr i st i a n s a r e so n um e r o us a s t o be a l m o st i n cr e di bl e ; but t he y
be a r n o pr o po r t i o n t o wha t , i f we a r e t o be l i e ve Mr . Be n t l e y, ha s be e n t a ki n g pl a ce i n In di a i n
m o de r n t i m e s . In t he hi st o r y o f Buddha , a s we l l a s o f Cr i st n a , a r e t o be fo un d m a n y o f t he st o r i e s
whi ch a r e suppo se d t o be fo r g e d ;
so t ha t t wo se ct s ha t i n g o n e a n o t he r , a n d n o t ho l di n g t he l e a st
co m m un i ca t i o n , m ust ha ve co n spi r e d o ve r a l l t he i m m e n se t e r r i t o r i e s e a st o f t he In dus, t o de st r o y
a n d t o r e wr i t e e ve r y o l d wo r k, t o t he a m o un t a l m o st o f m i l l i o n s
; a n d so co m pl e t e l y ha ve t he y
succe e de d, t ha t a l l o ur m i ssi o n a r i e s ha ve n o t , i n a n y o f t he co un t r i e s whe r e t he Br a hm i n s a r e t o
be fo un d, o r i n whi ch t he r e a r e o n l y Buddhi st s, be e n a bl e t o di sco ve r a si n g l e co py o f a n y o f t he
wo r ks un co r r upt e d wi t h t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a
. Buddha i s a l l o we d by Mr . Be n t l e y t o ha ve be e n
l o n g pr e vi o us t o Cr i st n a , a n d he i s e vi de n t l y t he sa m e a s Cr i st n a , whi ch ca n o n l y a r i se fr o m hi s
be i n g t he sun i n a n e a r l i e r pe r i o d
. Thi s i de n t i t y wi t h Me r cur y a n d Wo de n , t he Budva r da y, t he
Ma fi a
m o t he r o f Me r cur y a n d Buddha , t he Ma t ur e a i n In di a a n d Eg ypt , t he t wo El e pha n t a s wi t h
t he i r Cr i st n a s, a n d t he de st r o yi n g t yr a n t o f t he g o spe l hi st o r y i n t ha t o f t he Ea st e r n , t he S a m a -
n e a n s o f Cl e m e n s A l e xa n dr i n us, a n d m a n y o t he r ci r cum st a n ce s, un i t e t o pr o ve t ha t so m e t hi n g
m ust be wr o n g i n t he pr i n ci pl e o f Mr
. Be n t l e y' s ve r y l e a r n e d a n d a bst r use ca l cul a t i o n s
. A s I
ha ve sa i d be fo r e , t he fa ct o f Cr i st n a be i n g fo un d i n Eg ypt by t he se a po ys o f i t se l f de ci de s t he
que st i o n
. It i s o f i m po r t a n ce t o o bse r ve , t ha t by fa r t he g r e a t e st pa r t o f t he wr i t i n g s st a t e d by
Mr . Be n t l e y t o be fo r g e r i e s, ha ve l i t t l e o r n o r e l a t i o n t o r e l i g i o n . Tho se t ha t ha ve , a r e fi l l e d wi t h
st o r i e s o f i m m e n se l y e l o n g a t e d cycl e s a n d co m pl i ca t i o n , fo r t he sa ke , pe r ha ps, o f se cr e cy ; o r ,
pe r ha ps, a s o ur pr i e st s sa y, t o pr o duce a st o n i shm e n t i n t he m i n ds o f we a k a n d i g n o r a n t pe r so n s,
a n d fo r t he g r a t i fi ca t i o n o f t he si l l y va n i t y o f be i n g t ho ug ht t he m o st a n ci e n t o f n a t i o n s . Tha t
t hi s ha s ca use d t he a do pt i o n o f t he i r o l d cycl e s, whi ch i s do n e by m e r e l y a ddi n g a fe w ci phe r s,
' S e e Bucki n g ha m ' s O r i e n t a l He r a l d .
4
Cl e m e n s (Li b
. i . p
. 3 05) sa ys, t ha t t he In di a n Gym n o so phi st s co n si st e d o f t wo se ct s, t he S a r m a n m e a n d t he
Br a chm a n e s ; t ha t t he r e a r e a l so so m e i n In di a who fo l l o we d t he do ct r i n e s o f But t m e
. He sa ys He l l e n i cus wr i t e s, t ha t
t he r e a r e Hype r bo r e a n s be yo n d t he Ri phm e a n m o un t a i n s, who e a t n o fl e sh, but l i ve o n fr ui t s, &c . A g a i n , (p . 451, ) he
sa ys, t ha t t he Br a ckm e n s n e i t he r e a t fl e sh n o r dr i n k wi n e .
Bo o k V. Cha pt e r VII
. S e ct i o n 2

245
t ha t he
l i ve d m a n y a g e s a ft e r
Cr i a t n a .I Thi s a ppe a r a n ce o f co n t r a di ct i o n I sha l l e xpl a i n by
a n d by .
In wi shi n g t o co n de m n t he who l e o f t he Hi n do o wr i t i n g s, be ca use t he r e a r e , a s he sa ys, co r r up-
t i o n s i n t he m , Mr
. Be n t l e y do e s n o t pe r ce i ve t he bl o w whi ch he i s st r i ki n g a t t he g o spe l hi st o r i e s,
whi ch co n t a i n 3 0, 000 va r i o us r e a di n g s, ha l f o f whi ch m ust be co r r upt i o n s .
He a l so i n st a n ce s t he
pr o phe t i c st yl e o f t he Hi n do o wr i t i n g s a s a m a r k o f co r r upt i o n . In t he se ca se s i t i s fr e que n t l y n o
such t hi n g , n o t e ve n i f a pe r so n be de si g n a t e d by n a m e , a s t he pe r so n s, vi z
. t he Buddha s, t he
Ba l i s, &c ., we r e a l l t he sa m e -r e -i n ca r n a t i o n s, r e g e n e r a t i o n s o f t he sa m e be i n g , a n d o ft e n ca l l e d
by t he sa m e n a m e .
I a dm i t t ha t m a n y co r r upt i o n s a n d i n t e r po l a t i o n s ha ve t a ke n pl a ce
; but I
m a i n t a i n t ha t i f t he se a r e suffi ci e n t t o co n de m n t he Ve da s, t he g o spe l s a l so m ust be co n de m n e d,
fo r t he y co n t a i n va r i o us r e a di n g s o r co r r upt i o n s, so m e o f t he m o f
VITA L
co n se que n ce t o t he r e l i -
g i o n . But i t i s n o t just t o i n fe r o f e i t he r , t ha t t he y a r e n o t g e n ui n e , be ca use t he pr i e st s ha ve co r -
r upt e d t he m
.
It i s pr e t t y cl e a r t ha t i n o r de r t o g e t o ve r t he a bso l ut e i de n t i t y o f t he hi st o r y o f Chr i st a n d
Cr i st n a , m a n y a t t e m pt s wi l l be m a de t o ske w, t ha t t he st o r y o f Cr i st n a i s a n i n t e r po l a t i o n i n t he
Hi n do o bo o ks, t ho ug h t he y a r e a m o n g t he o l de st o f t he i r r e co r ds
. Mr . Co l e br o o ke o bse r ve s, t ha t
"
t he fo r m e r o f t he se (t he st o r y o f Cr i st n a ) i s i n se r t e d i n a l l t he co l l e ct i o n s o f t he Upa n i sha ds
" whi ch" he ha s " se e n ." 2 Dr
. Pr i t cha r d 3 a dm i t s, t ha t t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a , &c
., a r e t o be
fo un d i n a l l t he ca ve s o f El l o r a , El e pha n t a , &c
., whi ch a r e kn o wn t o be t he o l de st , a s he sa ys, by
t he i r fl a t r o o fs, &c . Mr
. Co l e br o o ke a l l o ws, t ha t t he fo r m ul a s a t t a che d t o t he Ve da s fo r a djust i n g
t he pe r i o ds fo r ce l e br a t i n g t he r e l i g i o us fe st i va l s, "
we r e e vi de n t l y fo r m e d i n t he i n fa n cy o f a st r o -
n o m i ca l kn o wl e dg e : "
he n ce he i n fe r s t ha t t he y we r e wr i t t e n a bo ut 200 ye a r s a ft e r t he Pe n t a -
t e uch .
But t he fa i r i n fe r e n ce i s, t ha t a s t he Ve da s, a n d t he ca ve s, a n d t he a st r o n o m i ca l o bse r va -
t i o n s, a n d t he fo r m ul a e , a r e a l l cl o se l y i n t e r wo ve n wi t h t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a -t ha t hi st o r y i s o f
t he sa m e e a r l y da t e , a n d t he fo r m ul a a t l e a st e qua l l y a n ci e n t .
Ho we ve r , a s Dr . Pr i t cha r d a l l o ws
t ha t t he fo r m ul a e a r e m uch o l de r t ha n Chr i st , i t i s e vi de n t t ha t t he y ca n n o t ha ve be e n wr i t t e n t o
se r ve a n y pur po se i n a n y wa y co n n e ct e d wi t h Chr i st i a n i t y .
But t he st o r i e s r e l a t e d o f Cr i st n a a r e m o st cl e a r l y n o i n t e r po l a t i o n
; t he y a r e i n t i m a t e l y bl e n de d
wi t h, t he y a r e , i n fa ct , t he g r o un d-wo r k, o f t he who l e syst e m
. The syst e m o f t he Br a hm i n s ca n -
n o t e xi st wi t ho ut t he m .
Be si de s, wha t i s t o be sa i d o f t he scul pt ur e s i n t he ca ve s
? A r e t he y
i n t e r po l a t i o n s t o o ?
Wha t , o f t he t r e m e n do us fi g ur e de st r o yi n g t he i n fa n t bo ys 2
Wha t , o f t he
cr o ss-sha pe d t e m pl e i n t he ci t y o f Ma t hur a , a l l o we d by Mr
. Ma ur i ce t o ha ve be e n o n ce t he ca pi t a l
o f a g r e a t e m pi r e ? 4
Thi s i s m o st ce r t a i n l y pr o ve d by A r r i a n t o ha ve be e n i n e xi st e n ce i n t he
t i m e o f A l e xa n de r .
Wa s t hi s bui l t t o suppo r t t he a po cr ypha l g o spe l hi st o r y ?
The A pr i l fe st i va l ,
i n Br i t a i n a n d In di a , wa s i t fo un de d fo r t he sa m e pur po se
; o r t he st a t ue o f He r cul e s a n d S a m so n
st i l l r e m a i n i n g a t Ra m a -de va
? Mr . Ma ur i ce a ckn o wl e dg e s t ha t t he Eva n g e l i st s m ust ha ve co pi e d
fr o m t he Pur a n a s, o r t he Br a hm i n s fr o m t he Eva n g e l i st s
. 5
The r e a de r ha s se e n t he r e pl y o f Mr .
Ma ur i ce g i ve n i n hi s A n t i qui t i e s, a n d m ust judg e fo r hi m se l f
. The r e i s n o t hi n g i n Mr . Ma ur i ce ' s
pa m phl e t s but a m e r e r e pe t i t i o n .
But i n hi s pa m phl e t s I do n o t pe r ce i ve t ha t he m a ke s a si n g l e
o bse r va t i o n o n t he subje ct o f t he fi g ur e s i n t he ca ve s
. Thi s i s pr ude n t ; but i t se t t l e s t he
que st i o n .
' Dr
. Co l l i e r o bse r ve s, t ha t t he g e n ui n e n e ss o f t he Ve da s i s pr o ve d by Mr . Wa r d be yo n d di sput e . (Wa r d' s A cco un t
o f Hi n do o s, 4t o . e di t . S e r a m po r e
.) By t hi s t he Do ct o r do e s n o t m e a n pr o ve d t o be fr e e fr o m m o de r n i n t e r po l a t i o n ,
but t ha t t he y a r e t he r e a l Ve da s
.
3
Vi de A si a t . Re s . Vo l . VIII . p
. 49 4.

3 A n a l . Eg ypt . Myt ho l . p. 26 1 .
4
Ma ur . Br a m . Fr a ud Exp .

s
Ibi d. p . 8 1 .
244

Mr
. Be n t l e y-Pl a yfa i r ' s Re ca n t a t i o n -Ve da s
CHA PTER VII
Mr
. Be n t l e y-Pl a yfa i r ' s Re ca n t a t i o n -Ve da s-Fo r g e r i e s-Co l e br o o ke o n t he
Fo r g e r i e s-O bse r va t i o n s o n a pa ssa g e i n t he Ce l t i c Dr ui ds-Mr . Be n t l e y' s Re -
ca n t a t i o n t o Dr . Ma r sha m .
1 .
S INcE Ba i l l y, Pl a yfa i r ,
a n d t he o t he r l e a r n e d m e n ha ve be e n de a d, a s m i g ht be e xpe ct e d,
r e n e we d a t t e m pt s ha ve be e n m a de t o she w t ha t t he Br a hm i n s' a st r o n o m i ca l t a bl e s a r e n o t t he
pr o duce o f a ct ua l o bse r va t i o n , but a co m bi n a t i o n o f ba ck r e cko n i n g s a n d fo r g e r i e s
. The g e n t l e m a n
o f t he n a m e o f Be n t l e y, o f who m I ha ve be fo r e spo ke n , ha s, by m e a n s o f t he m o st de e pl y-
l e a r n e d a n d pr o fo un d ca l cul a t i o n s, publ i she d i n t he A si a t i c Re se a r che s, e n de a vo ur e d t o she w t ha t
t he hi st o r y o f Cr i st n a wa s i n ve n t e d i n t he ye a r a ft e r Chr i st 6 00, a n d t ha t t he t i m e o f t he st o r y
wa s l a i d a bo ut t he bi r t h o f Chr i st
.
The o bje ct o f t hi s i n ve n t i o n he , i n hi s fi r st e ssa ys, sa ys, wa s
t o pr e ve n t t he pr o pa g a t i o n o f t he Chr i st i a n r e l i g i o n i n In di a , by a co l o n y whi ch a r r i ve d fr o m t he
We st a bo ut t ha t t i m e
; a n d i n hi s l a t t e r e ssa ys he sa ys, t he o bje ct wa s t o de ce i ve Mo ha m e d
A kba r i n t he 16 t h ce n t ur y i n t o a be l i e f t ha t t he y we r e t he o l de st o f n a t i o n s .
In t he se e ssa ys, a m o st i n fl a t e d a n d e xa g g e r a t e d a cco un t ha s be e n g i ve n by hi m , o f t he fo r g e r i e s
o f t he Hi n do o wr i t i n g s : i n a n swe r t o whi ch I be g l e a ve t o r e fe r t o so m e o bse r va t i o n s l o n g be fo r e
wr i t t e n by Mr .. Co l e br o o ke , i n t he A si a t i c Re se a r che s, ' whe r e he g i ve s m o st co n vi n ci n g r e a so n s
why t he chi e f pa r t o f t he Hi n do o wr i t i n g s ca n n o t ha ve be e n fo r g e d o r m a t e r i a l l y i n t e r po l a t e d . A s
he just l y o bse r ve s, i t wo ul d be a s fa i r t o co n cl ude t ha t a l l Eur o pe a n bo o ks we r e fo r g e d, be ca use
t he r e ha ve be e n fo r g e r i e s i n Eur o pe , a s i t i s, be ca use t he r e ha ve be e n fo r g e r i e s i n In di a , t o co n cl ude
t he sa m e t hi n g o f t he m
. Hi s a r g um e n t r e a l l y she ws, t ha t i t wo ul d be just a s e a sy t o fo r g e t he
g o spe l s a t t hi s da y,
a s i t m ust ha ve be e n t o fo r g e t he Ve da s
; 2 a n d t he i m po ssi bi l i t y o f t he fo r m e r
n e e d n o t be po i n t e d o ut .
2. The Ve da s o f t he Br a hm i n s ha ve hi t he r t o be e n a t t e n de d wi t h se ve r a l di ffi cul t i e s . A cco r di n g
t o t he r e ce i ve d BRA HMIN t r a di t i o n , t he y we r e o r i g i n a l l y, a ft e r be i n g r e ve a l e d by Br a hm a , t r a n s-
m i t t e d by O RA L TRA DITIO N
t o t he t i m e o f Vya sa , who co l l e ct e d t he m a n d a r r a n g e d t he m jn t o
ho o ks
. A n d t hi s Vya sa , whi ch wo r d i t i s sa i d m e a n s co m pi l e r , . ha s be e n t ho ug ht t o be m e r e l y a n
e po ch i n t he hi st o r y o f t he l i t e r a t ur e o f In di a . 3
The n um be r o f t he Ve da s i s a l so a m a t t e r o f di s-
put e ;
so m e m a ki n g t he m i n n um be r o n l y t hr e e , so m e fo ur , a n d so m e a dd t o t he m t he co l l e ct i o n
o f bo o ks ca l l e d t he Po ur a n a s, o f whi ch t he y m a ke a fi ft h Ve da . Fr o m t he se ci r cum st a n ce s i t
se e m s pr o ba bl e t ha t t he Br a hm i n Ve da s we r e fi r st co l l e ct e d o r r e m o de l l e d, a ft e r t he g r e a t di vi si o n
be t we e n t he fo l l o we r s o f Buddha a n d Cr i st n a . The y a r e sa i d t o co n t a i n i n t e r n a l e vi de n ce o f be i n g
co m po se d a t di ffe r e n t t i m e s . The Po ur a n a s a r e e i g ht e e n i n n um be r ; t he y a r e a l so t he wo r k o f
Vya sa . Ea ch ha s a pa r t i cul a r a n d cha r a ct e r i st i c n a m e . Fo r i n st a n ce , o n e o f t he l o t us, a n o t he r o f
t he e g g o f t he wo r l d, a n d t he LA S T i s t ha t o f Cr i st n a , ca l l e d Bha g a va d-Ba g a -ve da .
No w i t ha s
be e n o bse r ve d t ha t t he Br a hm i n s a dm i t t ha t Buddha wa s t he n i n t h A va t a r ; t he n wha t i s t he
r e a so n t ha t he ha s n o Po ur a n a ?
But a t t he sa m e t i m e t ha t t he Br a hm i n s a dm i t hi m t o ha ve be e n
a n i n ca r n a t i o n o r A va t a r , t he y sa y he wa s a n i m po st o r , t ha t he wa s e ve r y t hi n g t ha t i s ba d, a n d
Vo l
. VIII . pp
. 48 4-48 8 .
Y
It ha s be e n sa i d t ha t Mr . Pl a yfa i r cha n g e d hi s o pi n i o n be fo r e , he di e d r e spe ct i n g t he a n t i qui t y o f t he Hi n do o t a bl e s
.
I ha ve m a de t he m o st ca r e ful i n qui r y o f hi s fr i e n ds, a n d ha ve r e a so n t o be l i e ve t hi s t o be
fa l se .
3 Cr e uze r , Li v . I. p . 6 71 .
Bo o k V
. Cha pt e r VI . S e ct i o n 6
.

243
`~ o r i g i n , de n o t i n g t he po we r o f t he sun i n A r i e s . It i s, ho we ve r , e xce e di n g l y r e m a r ka bl e t ha t
" Po co cke a ct ua l l y fo un d, a n d o n hi s 48 t h pl a t e ha s e n g r a ve d, a n a n t i que co l o ssa l st a t ue o f a m a n ,
" si t t i n g i n t he fr o n t o f t hi s t e m pl e wi t h hi s a r m s fo l de d be fo r e hi m , a n d he a r i n g i n hi s ha n d a
"
ve r y si n g ul a r ki n d o f Li t uus o r cr o si e r ." t I t hi n k t he r e ca n be ha r dl y a n y do ubt t ha t t he fi g ur e
de scr i be d by Euse bi us wa s t ha t o f Cr i st n a o r Buddha .
The r e wa s a ci t y i n Eg ypt ca l l e d He r a -
cl e o po l i s .
It do e s n o t a ppe a r t o m e t o be m o r e sur pr i si n g t ha t t he r e sho ul d be t wo Ma t ur e a s, o n e i n In di a
a n d o n e i n Eg ypt , t ha n t ha t t he r e sho ul d be t wo i sl a n ds o f El e pha n t a i n whi ch t he st a t ue s o f
Cr i st n a sho ul d be fo un d, o n e n e a r Bo m ba y, whe r e t he fa m o us ca ve r n i s se e n , a n d o n e i n Uppe r
Eg ypt . Eve r y o n e kn o ws t he fa ct o f o ur S e a po ys di sco ve r i n g t he i r fa vo ur i t e Go d Cr i st n a , whe n
t he y a r r i ve d i n Eg ypt , dur i n g t he l a st wa r , a n d whi ch, ve r y n a t ur a l l y, t he y i m m e di a t e l y fe l l t o
wo r shi pi n g . Thi s a l o n e a t o n ce pr o ve s t he fa l l a cy o f a l l t he de duct i o n s whi ch a r e dr a wn fr o m t he
a st r o n o m i ca l ca l cul a t i o n s a n d r e a so n i n g s o f Mr . Be n t l e y, o n whi ch I wi l l n o w m a ke so m e o bse r va -
t i o n s, a n d m a y se r ve t o ske w ho w l i t t l e t he a bst r use a n d co m pl i ca t e d cha i n s o f r e a sQn i n g use d by
hi m ca n i n a n y ca se be de pe n de d o n .
The fa ct o f t he Go d Cr i st n a be i n g fo un d i n t he r ui n s o f t he
o l d t e m pl e s a t The be s i n Eg ypt o f i t se l f se t t l e s t he que st i o n o f i t s a n t i qui t y, fo r i t co ul d n o t be
put t he r e a ft e r t he bi r t h o f Chr i st . 2
We ha ve se e n a bo ve t ha t t he st r i ki n g si m i l a r i t y be t we e n t he vul g a r l y-r e ce i ve d Je sus o f Na za -
r e t h a n d He r cul e s ca n n o t be de n i e d by t he l e a r n e d a n d o r t ho do x Pa r khur st , a n d we ha ve a l so se e n
t he m o de i n whi ch he a cco un t s fo r i t
. I ha ve fa i r l y st a t e d t he fa ct s fo r t he co n si de r a t i o n o f m y
r e a de r , who m ust se e a t o n ce t ha t i f t he e xpl a n a t i o n o f Pa r khur st be sa t i sfa ct o r y fo r He r cul e s, t he
sa m e e xpl a n a t i o n wi l l se r ve fo r Cr i st n a .
In a n ho n e st i n qui r y i n t o t he supe r st i t i o n s o f t he wo r l d,
I co ul d n o t co n ce a l t he ci r cum st a n ce s r e l a t i n g t o Cr i st n a
; a n d t he r e a r e m a n y o t he r s, whi ch I
sha l l st a t e .
O f co ur se I ca n n o t co n de m n a n y o n e fo r be i n g sa t i sfi e d wi t h Mr
. Pa r khur st ' s judg -
m e n t .
Tha t i t i s n o t sa t i sfa ct o r y t o m e , m a y be r e a di l y a cco un t e d fo r fr o m a n o pi n i o n whi ch I
e n t e r t a i n , t ha t I ca n a n d sha l l
a cco un t fo r t he fa ct s i n a ve r y di ffe r e n t a n d m o r e sa t i sfa ct o r y m a n -
n e r , whe n I co m e t o t ha t pa r t o f m y wo r k whe r e I sha l l un de r t a ke t o pr o ve t ha t a pe r so n usua l l y
ca l l e d Je sus Chr i st di d l i ve , a n d t ha t t he do ct r i n e s whi ch he t a ug ht we r e t r ue
.
I m ust be g m y
r e a de r t o r e co l l e ct t ha t i n t hi s wo r k I a m n o t wr i t i n g fo r t he i g n o r a n t , n o r t o g r a t i fy t he pa ssi o n s
o f a n y cl a ss, but t ha t i t i s t he o bje ct o f m y wo r k t o de ve l o p a n d un ve i l t he se cr e t hi st o r y o f t he
a n ci e n t wo r l d, whi ch o pe r a t e s i n fl ue n t i a l l y upo n us ;
t ha t i t i s m e a n t fo r l e g i sl a t o r s a n d phi l o so -
phe r s, t o e n a bl e t he m t he be t t e r t o de t e r m i n e wha t i s t he m o st e xpe di e n t co ur se fo r t he m t o pur -
sue fo r t he g o o d o f t he i r fe l l o w-cr e a t ur e s .
In d
. A n t . Vo l . III. p . 211 .
q In o n e o f t he pl a t e s o f
m y Ce l t i c Dr ui ds o f a r o un d t o we r i n S co t l a n d, t he cr uci fi e d S a vi o ur ha s a l a m b o n o n e
si de , a n d a n ELEPHA NT
o n t he o t he r
. Ho w ca m e a n e l e pha n t t o be t hus fo un d i n S co t l a n d?
242

He r cul e s Bl a ck-Cr i st n a i n Eg ypt

Va l l a n ce y, O use l e y' s Co l
. O r i e n . p
. 3 15, whe r e he pr o ve s t ha t t he r yo t s o f In di a we r e kn o wn i n
Ir e l a n d, a n d we r e t he A r a -Co t t i i fa m e d fo r l i n e n g e e r o f Di o n ysi us .
In t hi s ca se t he r e wi l l be t wo o r i g i n s fo r t he n a m e o f He r cul e s
; a n d t hi s i s ce r t a i n l y m yst i ca l
e n o ug h . But i t m ust be r e co l l e ct e d t ha t we a r e n o w i n t he ce n t r e o f t he l a n d o f m yst e r y
. Cr i st n a
i s co n st a n t l y ca l l e d He r i -Cr i st n a
: t hi s i s t he
bl a ck .
But i t m a y be t he be n e fi ce n t o r g o o d sa vi o ur ,
o r g o o d He r i
; fo r Cr i st n a m a y co m e fr o m so m e o l d wo r d, whe n ce ca m e t he Gr e e k wo r d X
"
wo c
bo n us .
He wa s ca l l e d Cr e e chn a i n Ir e l a n d . I ha ve pr o ve d t ha t a l l t he ve r y a n ci e n t l a n g ua g e s a r e
t he sa m e , m e r e di a l e ct s, a n d I wi l l n o t be fe t t e r e d i n n i y se a r ch a ft e r t r ut h e i t he r by o n e l a n g ua g e
o r a n o t he r . The ut i l i t y o f m y e n de a vo ur fi r st t o pr o ve t he i de n t i t y o f t he a n ci e n t syst e m s o f l e t t e r s
a n d l a n g ua g e I ho pe i s o bvi o us . It i s n o m o r e l i ke l y t ha t t he bl a ck fl i n do o s sho ul d ca l l t he i r Go d
t he
bl a ck
S a vi o ur o r He r i , t ha n i t i s t ha t t he
whi t e
Fr e n ch sho ul d ca l l He n r y Qua t r e t he i r whi t e
He n r y
; but i t i s a s n a t ur a l fo r t he m t o ca l l hi m t he
g o o d S a vi o ur ,
a s fo r t he Fr e n ch t o ca l l t he i r
ki n g t he i r
g o o d He n r y . It i s ce r t a i n t ha t i n S a n scr i t
cr i s m e a n s
bl a ck, a n d i n o l d Gr e e k Xo r l c
m e a n s g o o d ; he m a y, t he r e fo r e , ha ve be e n n a m e d fr o m bo t h wo r ds . O n t he subje ct o f t he wo r d
Xr 7)cc
I sha l l ha ve m uch t o sa y he r e a ft e r
.
A r r i a n sa ys, o n t he a t i t ho r i t y o f Me g a st he n e s, t ha t ' t he In di a n He r cul e s ha d t he sa m e ha bi t a s
t he The ba n He r cul e s, a n d t ha t he ha d a n o n l y da ug ht e r ca l l e d Pa n da e a .
I Thi s wa s pr e ci se l y t he
sa m e n a m e a s t ha t whi ch wa s g i ve n t o t he o n l y da ug ht e r o f Cr i st n a , t o who m he l e ft a m i g ht y e m -
pi r e -t he Pa n da e a n ki n g do m
.
6
. In a ddi t i o n t o a l l t he o t he r ci r cum st a n ce s o f i de n t i t y be t we e n Cr i st n a a n d He r cul e s, i s t he
fa ct t ha t t he y we r e bo t h bl a cks
. O f He r cul e s, Ho m e r , i n wha t Ni m r o d ca l l s hi s g e n ui n e ve r se s,
t hus spe a ks :
- o S ' e pe pcvJ VVKT{ ye yo i K&+s
r upcvo v To Eo v EX WY xa i si r , vEVfr 4J{Y o f so v .
BLA Cx
he st o o d a s n i g ht ,
Hi s bo w un ca se d, hi s a r r o w st r un g fo r fl i g ht .'
In B . i
v
. ch . i
. S e ct . 13 , I ha ve she wn , fr o m Mr
. Br ya n t , t ha t t he l a st syl l a bl e i n t he wo r d l i a -
t ur e a , vi z
. r e , m e a n t t he sun . The fi r st syl l a bl e , I suspe ct , wa s t he He br e w
11' , 13
m t e , whi ch m e a n t
a r e st i n g -pl a ce , a co uch, a be d, a so fa o r so pha , (t ha t i s, a s t he Re wa s a r a y o f t he sun whi ch wa s
Wi sdo m , ) o r so ph-i a o r pl a ce o f wi sdo m , -a r e st i n g -pl a ce o f di vi n e wi sdo m -a Di va n , t ha t i s,
De va -a n a o r ho l y pl a ce , whe r e , i n t he A si a t i c co ur t s, i s t he S o pha o n whi ch t he ki n g r e po se s t o
a dm i n i st e r just i ce
. Fr o m t he sa m e i de a I ha ve n o do ubt i t wa s, t ha t t he ki n g s o f t he Fr a n ks, (o r
a s, i n a fut ur e pa g e , I sha l l pr o ve t he m , ) t he ki n g s o f t he S a ca e o r S a xo n s, ha d t he i r Be ds o f Jus-
t i ce
. In t he Ma t ur e a o f In di a , Cr i st n a spe n t hi s yo ut h, a ft e r t a ki n g r e fug e t he r e fr o m t he t yr a n t
who st r o ve t o de st r o y hi m . A n d i n t he Ma t ur e a o f Eg ypt , Je sus Chr i st i s sa i d, a s we ha ve be fo r e
she wn , t o ha ve spe n t hi s yo ut h, a ft e r he t o o k r e fug e t he r e fr o m t he t yr a n t He r o d .
Mr . Ma ur i ce ha s po i n t e d o ut a pa ssa g e o f Euse bi us fr o m whi ch i t se e m s pr o ba bl e t ha t t he
Cr i st n a i n Eg ypt wa s we l l kn o wn i n hi s t i m e . He sa ys, "Tha t a t El e pha n t i n a t he y a do r e d a n -
"
o t he r de i t y i n t he fi g ur e o f a m a n , i n a si t t i n g po st ur e , pa i n t e d bl ue , ha vi n g t he he a d o f a Ra m
"
wi t h t he ho r n s o f a Go a t e n ci r cl i n g a di sk . The de i t y t hus de scr i be d i s pl a i n l y o f a st r o n o m i ca l
' A r r . Hi st . In d . ch . vi i i . ; Cr e uze r , Vo l . II . ch. v. p. 19 0 .
2 Ni m r o d, Vo l . I . p . 19 , S up . e d
. Ni m r o d i s t he n a m e g i ve n by a ve r y l e a r n e d de vo t e e t o a n a n o n ym o us wo r k i n
t hr e e vo l um e s o ct a vo , publ i she d
by Pr i e st l e y, Ho l bo r n . The fi r st vo l um e wa s suppr e sse d, a n d t he n r e publ i she d . The
wo r k a bo un ds wi t h t he ' m o st pr o fo un d Gr e e k l e a r n i n g , but fa l l s sho r t , i n m a n y pl a ce s, i n co n se que n ce o f i t s i n g e n i o us
a ut ho r , m o st un fo r t un a t e l y, n o t un de r st a n di n g t he O r i e n t a l l a n g ua g e s .
Bo o k V
. Cha pt e r VI . S e ct i o n 6

241
~~ i n t he pr o n o un s
je , o n e , &c. ;
t hus t he di ffe r e n ce be t we e n Ba l a s a n d Be l us i s n o t ve r y g r e a t .
~~ A s
Ba l a spr un g fr o m Vi shn u o r He r i ,
he i s ce r t a i n l y He r i -cul a , He r i -cul a s, a n d He r cul e s ."'
He r e we se e t he Ba l l o r ' yz
Bo l , o f A ssyr i a a n d Ir e l a n d, t he Be l o f S yr i a a n d Pho e n i ci a , a n d t he
Be l i n us o f Ga ul .
Cr i st n a i s e vi de n t l y He r cul e s, a n d Ba l a -Ra m a i s t he st r o n g Ba l a
. Ra m a i s
t he Gr e e k Pwp .r i . To Be l I sha l l r e t ur n pr e se n t l y
. 2
It se e m s he r e co n ve n i e n t t o i n qui r e a l i t t l e fur t he r
i n t o t he m e a n i n g o f t he wo r d He r cul e s.
Thi s wo r d i s a dm i t t e d t o be n e i t he r Gr e e k n o r La t i n
;
t he n I t hi n k we m ust l o o k fo r i t t o t he
Ba r ba r i a n s . He i s ca l l e d i n t he Di o n ysi a co n , 3 `HPA KA H
; a st r i s a m i ct us, Re x Ig n i s, Pr i n ce ps
Mun di , S o l , &c
.
He wa s ca l l e d (I l e a r n fr o m Va l l a n ce y)
EREKO ELL, t ha t i s
r t
a =5+, r =200
+fl
e =5+ : ) k=20+y o
70+r ,
e 5-1-5 1=3 0+5 1=3 0=3 6 5 ;
o r a g a i n , E=5-pP=100+K=20+E=5
+A =3 0+E=5+ : ~=200=3 6 5
; o r , a s `EPKA E2; =3 6 0.
In m y Ce l t i c Dr ui ds
4
I ha ve she wn t ha t
t hi s pr a ct i ce o f de scr i bi n g pe r so n s by l e t t e r s a s n um be r s wa s co m m o n ,
(t he o r i g i n o f whi ch I sha l l
e n de a vo ur t o de m o n st r a t e i n a fut ur e bo o k, )
bo t h i n wr i t i n g s a n d i n t he n um be r s
o f pi l l a r s i n t he
a n ci e n t ci r cul a r t e m pl e s, whi ch a r e e qua l l y co m m o n
i n In di a a n d Eur o pe . 5 I a sk, m a y n o t t he
wo r d He r cul e s ha ve be e n de r i ve d fr o m He r i t he
sa vi o ur , a n d
i t
k=500+5 1=3 0+y o =70=6 00,
whi ch wa s sa cr e d a m o n g t he Eg ypt i a n s un de r t he sha pe o f a ca t , a n d whi ch,
i n t he i r l a n g ua g e , ha d
t hi s n a m e ? The i r ca t m um m i e s m a y be se e n i n t he Br i t i sh Muse um . The n he wo ul d be t he sa -
vi o ur o f t he Ne r o s o r t he
= Me m fi n a l o f Isa i a h, t he X o f Pl a t o
. By a n d by we sha l l fi n d se ve r a l
o t he r e xa m pl e s
o f Go ds who se n a m e s ha d t he m e a n i n g o f m o r e t ha n o n e cycl e
. , ,
A s He r cul e s wa s ca l l e d He r i -cul e s so Me r cur y
wa s ca l l e d Me r -co l e s, o r Me r -co l i s . The He r I
do n o t un de r st a n d ;
t he co l i s i s t he
cl o
o f t he Cha l de e s-t he Ca l i o f In di a , a n d t he Co l l o r Ca l o f
Ir e l a n d . Co l . Wi l fo r d spe a ks o f a Go d ca l l e d
Ha r a ja o r Ha r a -cul a . 7 He r e He r i t he sa vi o ur a n d
t he Go d l e
a r e i de n t i fi e d wi t h He r cul e s o r Cr i st n a . s
The wo r d
He r i i n S a n scr i t m e a n s she phe r d a s we l l a s sa vi o ur .
Cr i st n a i s ca l l e d He r i , a n d Je sus
i s a l wa ys ca l l e d S he phe r d .
He i s t he l e a de r o f t he fo l l o we r s o f t he La m b . He i s t he g o o d
she phe r d, a s wa s a l so Cr i st n a . In Ir e l a n d a she phe r d i s ca l l e d
S he e phe r i , o r she e p-a i r e . S e e Ge n .
A si a t . Re s
. Vo l V. p. 270.
2
Br ya n t sa ys, t he m o st co n si de r a bl e m i ssi o n i n Ma dur a i s ca l l e d A o ur (n i t : 4ur ) a t t hi s da y . (Tr a ve l s o f Je sui t s by
Lo ckm a n , Vo l . I . p
.470 .)
Ne a r i t a r e a ci t y a n d t he r i ve r Ba l a so r e . Ba l i s t he Cha l de a n a n d S yr i a n De i t y, we l l kn o wn .
A n a l . Vo l . III . p . 207 .
' Li b . xl
. p
. 6 8 3 .

' Ch . vi . S e ct . xxv p . 245, a n d A ppe n di x, p . 3 09 .

s
Vi de o n e o f t he Me t o n i c cycl e pl a t e s, fi g . 11
.
A l l o wa n ce m ust be m a de fo r o n e
st o n e e vi de n t l y br o ke n i n t o t wo . A ve r y cur i o us a cco un t o f a ci r cul a r t e m pl e
un de r a t um ul us i n t he pr o vi n ce o f Co i m ba t o o r , i s g i ve n by
m y pa r t i cul a r fr i e n d, t he l e a r n e d Psycho l o g i st , S i r A n t ho n y
Ca r l i sl e , i n t he t we n t y-fi r st vo l um e o f t he Tr a n sa ct i o n s o f t he S o ci e t y o f A n t i qua r i e s
. He sa ys, " The se m o un ds o ccur

n um e r o usl y i n t he pr o vi n ce o f Co i m ba t o o r
; t he y a r e e a ch i n va r i a bl y de n o t e d by a ci r cl e o f r ude st o n e s o r m a sse s o f
" r o ck, t he di a m e t e r o f t he l a r g e r a r e a s be i n g o ft e n a s m uch a s o n e hun dr e d
fe e t . In o n e e xa m pl e , t he ci r cl e wa s
fo r m e d by upr i g ht fl a t o be l i sks, a ve r a g i n g si xt e e n fe e t i n he i g ht , r ude , a n d wi t ho ut i m pr e ssi o n o f t o o l s
. In t he
"ce n t r e o f e a ch m o un d a m a ssi ve t a bl e o f un he wn st o n e fo r m s t he r o o f o r co ve r
t o fo ur cha m be r s, t he si de s a n d se pt a

be i n g o f t he sa m e r ude , un wo r ke d st o n e , a n d m o r t i ce s wi t h t e n o n s a ppa r e n t l y g r o un d o ut by t r i t ur a t i o n , se r ve t o
fi x

t he r o o f upo n t he wa l l s .
O n e o f t he se r o o fs co n t a i n e d upwa r ds o f t hr e e hun dr e d cubi c fe e t o f Gr a n i t e , a n d be i n g
` i m m o ve a bl e a s a who l e , i t wa s di vi de d i n t o fo ur e qua l di vi si o n s by st o n e -cut t e r s,
i n o r de r t o e xpo se t he subja ce n t
" r e ce sse s, o r cha m be r s ."
Thi s i s, i n r e a l i t y, a l m o st a n e xa ct de scr i pt i o n o f t he t e m pl e a n d t um ul us a t Ne w Gr a n g e ,
i n Ir e l a n d, a n d i t s ci r cl e o f pi l l a r s de scr i be d i n m y Ce l t i c Dr ui ds
.
6 If i t be sa i d I ha ve he r e pl a ce d a fi n a l
Ca ph a t t he
be g i n n i n g o f a wo r d, I just i fy m yse l f by t he e xa m pl e o f t he Me m
fi n a l i n Isa i a h, a n d by t he
M, r e O i n t he Go spe l o f t he In fa n cy
.
7
A si a t . Re s. Vo l
. VI. p. 514.
8
In a n a n ci e n t i n scr i pt i o n a t De l phi Dr
. Cl a r ke fo un d t he wo r d `HPA KA E1O T. Ib. p . 19 6 . A t t he fo o t o f O l ym pus
wa s a t o wn ca l l e d He r a cl e a . Ib . 3 01 .
240
Wi l fo r d o n He r cul e s a t Mut t r a . Me a n i n g o f t he Wo r d He r cul e s
"
hi s fo o t , a n d t he r e co m e s fo r t h a spr i n g o f wa t e r (t ha t o f t he Hya ds o r Er i da n ) . I S a m so n a ft e r
"
ha vi n g ki l l e d a t ho usa n d Phi l i st i n e s wi t h t he ja wbo n e o f a n a ss fe e l s a vi o l e n t t hi r st
: he be -
se e t he s t he Go d Iho u
t o t a ke pi t y o n hi m :
Go d m a ke s a spr i n g o f wa t e r t o i ssue fr o m t he
"ja wbo n e o f a n a ss ." 2
M
. Vo l n e y t he n g o e s o n t o she w t ha t t he st o r y o f t he fo xe s i s co pi e d
fr o m t he Pa g a n m yt ho l o g y, a n d wa s t he subje ct o f a fe st i va l i n La t i um
. The l a bo ur s o f He r cul e s
a r e a l l a st r o n o m i ca l l y e xpl a i n e d by Mo n s
. Dupui s i n a m a n n e r whi ch a dm i t s o f n o di sput e . The y
a r e t he hi st o r y o f t he a n n ua l pa ssa g e o f t he sun t hr o ug h t he si g n s o f t he Zo di a c, a s m a y be se e n
o n t he g l o be , i t be i n g co r r e ct e d t o t he pr o pe r se r a a n d l a t i t ude
.
The st o r y o f t he Fo xe s wi t h t he fi r e -br a n ds
3 i s vi n di ca t e d by O vi d 4 -pa ssa g e s whi ch i m pl y,
t ho ug h t he a ut ho r hi m se l f a ffi r m s t he co n t r a r y, m o r e t ha n a so l i t a r y i n st a n ce o f m i schi e f, t o just i fy
a g e n e r a l a n d a n n ua l m e m o r i a l -a n d i s fa r t he r e xpl a i n e d by Lyco phr o n ' s
A a tua r o u?t c a n d S ui da s'
vo c .
ye wg i a . The Ro m a n fe st i va l ,
Vul pi um co m bust i o , r e cur r e d a bo ut t he m i ddl e o f A pr i l , whe n ,
a s Bo cha r t i n hi s Hi e r o z
. r e m a r ks, t he r e wa s n o ha r ve st i n It a l y . He n ce i t m ust ha ve be e n i m -
po r t e d fr o m a wa r m e r cl i m a t e . 5
Bo cha r t (i n t he Pr e f. t o Hi st o r
. de A n i m a l .) sa ys, " In m e m o r y o f S a m so n ' s fo xe s, 6
t he r e we r e
" l e t l o o se
i n t he ci r cus a t Ro m e
a bo ut t he m i ddl e o f A pr i l fo xe s wi t h fi r e br a n ds
. Whe r e un t o a p-
pe r t a i n s
pe r t a i n s t ha t whi ch t he Bo e o t i a n s, who spr a n g pa r t l y fr o m t he Pho e n i ci a n s, bo a st o f t he m se l ve s,
"
t ha t t he y co ul d ki n dl e a n y t hi n g by m e a n s o f a t o r ch a ffi xe d t o a fo x
: a n d t ha t o f Lyco phr o n , a
"
Ci l i ci a n , by who m a fo x i s t e r m e d
A a pn r s?t c, fr o m i t s shi n i n g t a i l : o r fr o m a t o r ch bo un d t o
" i t s t a i l ."
The sa m e Bo cha r t t e l l s us,
" t ha t t he g r e a t fi sh whi ch swa l l o we d up Jo n a h, a l t ho ug h

i t be ca l l e d a wha l e , ' ye t i t wa s n o t a wha l e pr o pe r l y so ca l l e d, but a do g -fi sh, ca l l e d Ca r cha r i a s

.
"
The r e fo r e i n t he Gr e ci a n fa bl e He r cul e s i s sa i d t o ha ve be e n swa l l o we d up o f a do g , a n d t o ha ve

l a i n t hr e e da ys i n hi s e n t r a i l s .
Whi ch fa bl e spr a n g fr o m t he sa cr e d hi st o r y, t o uchi n g Jo n a h
t he He br e w pr o phe t , a s i s e vi de n t t o a l l .""
He sychi us sa ys, t ha t by
Ce t us
Kyr o c, whi ch we t r a n sl a t e Wha l e , wa s m e a n t a l a r g e shi p, i n
hul k l i ke a wha l e
.
Kvr o c, e t 8 o g
Ye ws-
K~Tt vrg
=%o i o v pt e ya oL Kr l r o c . Mr . Br ya n t
9 sa ys, t ha t
whe n A n dr o m e da i s sa i d t o ha ve be e n ca r r i e d a wa y by a se a -m o n st e r , t hi s wa s pr o ba bl y o n l y a
shi p-pe r ha ps by pi r a t e s
.
Re spe ct i n g t he He r cul e s o f In di a , Ca pt a i n Wi l fo r d sa ys,
" Di o do r us S i cul us, spe a ki n g o f
"
Pa l i bo t hr a , a ffi r m s t ha t i t ha d be e n bui l t by t he In di a n He r cul e s, who , a cco r di n g t o Me g a st he n e s,
"
a s quo t e d by A r r i a n , wa s wo r shi pe d by t he S ur a se n i
. The i r chi e f ci t i e s we r e Me t ho r a a n d

CLIS O BO RA :
t he fi r st i s n o w ca l l e d Mut r a , (i n S a n scr i t i t i s ca l l e d Ma t ' hur a , ) t he o t he r Mug u.-
" n a g ur
by t he Musse l m a n s, a n d
CA LIS A -PURA
by t he Hi n dus . The who l e co un t r y a bo ut
Mut r a
"
i s ca l l e d Nur a se n a
t o t hi s da y, by l e a r n e d Br a hm i n s .
"
The In di a n He r cul e s, a cco r di n g t o Ci ce r o , wa s ca l l e d Be l us
. He i s t he sa m e a s BA LA , t he

br o t he r o f
CRIS HNA ,
a n d bo t h a r e co n jo i n t l y wo r shi pe d a t Mut r a ; i n de e d, t he y a r e co n si de r e d
"
a s o n e A va t a r o r i n ca r n a t i o n o f
Vi shn u . Ba l a i s r e pr e se n t e d a s a st o ut m a n , wi t h a cl ub i n hi s
" ha n d
. He i s ca l l e d a l so Ba l a r a m a . To de cl i n e t he wo r d
Ba l a , yo u m ust be g i n wi t h
Ba l a s, whi ch
`~ I co n ce i ve t o be a n o bso l e t e fo r m , pr e se r ve d o n l y fo r t he pur po se o f de cl e n si o n a n d e t ym o l o g i ca l

de r i va t i o n . The fi r st
a i n Ba l a i s pr o n o un ce d l i ke t he fi r st a
i n A m e r i ca , i n t he Ea st e r n pa r t s

o f In di a :
but i n t he We st e r n pa r t s, a n d i n Be n a r e s, i t i s pr o n o un ce d e xa ct l y l i ke t he Fr e n ch e
Er i da n , r i ve r o f A do n i s, fr o m t he wo r ds 1-i i ' i t dn
.

s
Vo l n e y, Re s . Vo l . 1 . p . 3 5.
' Judg e s xv . 4, 5.

4 Fa st i , IV . 6 8 1, 707.

5
Cl a ss . Jo ur . Vo l . VI . p. 3 26 .
6 Ibi d .

7
Ma t t . xi i . 40, a n d by LXX . Jo n a h i i . 1 .

8 Ga l e , Co ur t Ge n t
. B . i i i . Ch . i x .
9 A n a l . Vo l . III p . 550 .
Bo o k V. Cha pt e r VI
. S e ct i o n 4

23 9
"
My Pun di t s i n fo r m m e a l so , t ha t Ba l a -Ra m a i s so m e t i m e s r e pr e se n t e d wi t h hi s sho ul de r s co -
" ve r e d wi t h t he ski n o f a l i o n ." 1
O ur a cco un t o f S a m so n a n d t he bo n e o f t he A ss i s pr o ba bl y so m e m i sun de r st a n di n g o f t he t e xt ,
o r a co r r upt i o n
. I fe e l l i t t l e do ubt t ha t t he g a ff a n d t he bo n e we r e t he sa m e t hi n g , wha t e ve r t he y
we r e . 2
O n m o st o f t he Eg ypt i a n m o n um e n t s a pr i e st i s se e n wi t h a l i t uus o r cr o si e r o f a pe cul i a r sha pe .
Thi s I t a ke t o ha ve be e n t he Hi e r a l pha (de scr i be d by Ki r che r ) a n d t he pl o ug hsha r e i n t he ha n d o f
Ba l a -Ra m a , just m e n t i o n e d
. Thi s i s co n fi r m e d by a pa ssa g e o f Di o do r us S i cul us r e spe ct i n g t he
r i t e s o f t he pr i e st s o f Et hi o pi a a n d t ho se o f t he Eg ypt i a n s : " The se ve r a l co l l e g e s o f pr i e st s

(t he y sa y) o bse r ve o n e a n d t he sa m e o r de r a n d di sci pl i n e i n bo t h n a t i o n s . Fo r , a s m a n y a s a r e
"
so co n se cr a t e d fo r di vi n e se r vi ce a r e who l l y de vo t e d t o pur i t y a n d r e l i g i o n , a n d i n bo t h co un t r i e s

a r e sha ve n a l i ke , a n d a r e cl o t he d wi t h t he l i ke st o l e s a n d a t t i r e , a n d ca r r y a sce pt r e l i ke un t o a

pl o ug hsha r e , such a s t he i r ki n g s l i ke wi se be a r , wi t h hi g h-cr o wn e d ca ps t uft e d a t t he t o p,

" wr e a t he d r o un d wi t h se r pe n t s ca l l e d a sps :
by whi ch i s se e m e d t o be si g n i fi e d, t ha t t ho se who
"
co n t r i ve a n y t hi n g a g a i n st t he l i fe a r e a s sur e t o di e a s i f t he y we r e st un g wi t h t he de a dl y bi t e
" o f a n a sp
." He r e I t hi n k t he l i t uus, whi ch i s se e n so o ft e n a n d i s ca l l e d a pl o ug hsha r e , i s
m e a n t
. 3
Thi s i m a g e o f Ba l a -De va i s pr o ba bl y t ha t o f Cr i st n a . The Hi n do o s kn o w l i t t l e a bo ut t he n a m e s
o f t he i r Go ds
. Ba l a -De va i s but o n e o f t he n a m e s o f Cr i st n a a n d Buddha .
4
. S i r Wi l l i a m Dr um m o n d sa ys, " I ha ve a l r e a dy o bse r ve d t ha t Ga za si g n i fi e s a Go a t , a n d wa s

t he t ype o f t he sun i n Ca pr i co r n . It wi l l be r e m e m be r e d t ha t t he g a t e s o f t he sun we r e fe i g n e d

by t he a n ci e n t a st r o n o m e r s t o be i n Ca pr i co r n a n d Ca n ce r , fr o m whi ch si g n s t he t r o pi cs a r e
" n a m e d .
S a m so n ca r r i e d a wa y t he g a t e s fr o m Ga za t o He br o n ,
t he ci t y o f co n jun ct i o n . No w,

Co un t Ge be l i n t e l l s us t ha t a t Ca di z, whe r e He r cul e s wa s a n ci e n t l y wo r shi pe d, t he r e wa s a r e -

pr e se n t a t i o n o f hi m , wi t h a g a t e o n hi s sho ul de r s . 4 The st o r y o f S a m so n a n d De l i l a h m a y r e -

m i n d us o f He r cul e s a n d O m pha l e .
" ' R5
Le hi , l hi , a Ja wbo n e . It wi l l be r e m e m be r e d t ha t i n t he fi r st de ca n o f Le o a n A ss' s he a d
wa s r e pr e se n t e d by t he O r i e n t a l i st s . ' r i 5 n o -m Rm t Lhi , Ra m a t h Le hi , m e a n s t he hi g h pl a ce o f
" t he Ja wbo n e .
"
S a m so n ha d se ve n l o cks o f ha i r (t he n um be r o f t he pl a n e t a r y bo di e s)
. The ye l l o w ha i r o f

A po l l o wa s a sym bo l o f t he so l a r r a ys : a n d S a m so n wi t h hi s sha ve n he a d m a y m e a n t he sun

" sho r n o f hi s be a m s ." 5
Vo l n e y sa ys, "
He r cul e s i s t he e m bl e m o f t he sun
: t he n a m e o f S a m so n si g n i fi e s t he sun :
6
" He r cul e s wa s r e pr e se n t e d n a ke d,
7 ca r r yi n g o n hi s sho ul de r s t wo co l um n s ca l l e d t he Ga t e s o f

Ca di z
: S a m so n i s sa i d t o ha ve bo r n e o ff a n d ca r r i e d o n hi s sho ul de r s t he Ga t e s o f Ga za
. He r -

cul e s
cul e s i s m a de pr i so n e r by t he Eg ypt i a n s, who wa n t t o sa cr i fi ce hi m : but whi l e t he y a r e pr e -
p

a r i n g
pa r i n g t o sl a y hi m , he br e a ks l o o se a n d ki l l s t he m a l l . S a m so n , t i e d wi t h n e w r o pe s by t he
"
a r m e d m e n o f Juda h, i s g i ve n up t o t he Phi l i st i n e s, who wa n t t o ki l l hi m :
he un t i e s t he r o pe s
a n d ki l l s a t ho usa n d Phi l i st i n e s wi t h t he Ja wbo n e o f a n A ss . He r cul e s (t he sun ) de pa r t i n g fo r
" t he In di e s, '
(o r r a t he r Et hi o pi a , ) a n d co n duct i n g hi s a r m y t hr o ug h t he de se r t s o f Lybi a , fe e l s a
bur n i n g t hi r st , a n d co n jur e s
Iho u, hi s
fa t he r , t o succo ur hi m i n hi s da n g e r : i n st a n t l y t he ce -
l e st i a l
RA M a ppe a r s : He r cul e s fo l l o ws hi m , a n d a r r i ve s a t a pl a ce whe r e t he r a m scr a pe s wi t h
1 A si a t . Re s . Vo l . V. p . 29 4.

a
Vi de Dr . D . Cl a r ke ' s Tr a ve l s, Vo l . III. Ch. i v .

3 B
. i i i . Ch. l .
' Dr um . (Ed . Jud. p. 3 6 1.

5
l b. p. 3 6 0 .

6
In A r a bi c S ha m s-o n m e a n s The S un .
7
S e e Mo n t fa uco n , A n t . Exp . Vo l . I . p . 127 .
23 8

Mut t r a , He r cul e s A t
Cr i st n a o f In di a , who i s se l do m se e n wi t ho ut t he he a d o f t he Co br a be n e a t h hi s fo o t
:
a n d t he se
t wo fa ct s a t o n ce l o ca t e Cr i st n a
be fo r e t he Chr i st i a n se r a .
The i de n t i t y o f Cr i st n a a n d He r cul e s ha s be e n she wn
. Chr i st i a n pr i e st s sa y t ha t t he m a n
t r e a di n g o n t he he a d o f t he se r pe n t i s a n e m bl e m o f Je sus
;
t he n he r e we ha ve t he sa m e e m bl e m
o f Cr i st n a , He r cul e s, a n d Je sus
. Whe t he r t hi s wi l l pr o ve t he i de n t i t y o f t he t hr e e , I l e a ve t o t he
de vo t e e s
. It sur e l y pr o ve s t he i de n t i t y o f t he do ct r i n e o r m yt ho s o f t he se co n d bo o k o f Ge n e si s,
o f Gr e e ce , a n d o f In di a
. I a m n o t sur pr i se d t ha t t he Re v
. a n d supe r st i t i o us Pa r khur st sho ul d
st a t e He r cul e s t o be a n e m bl e m o f t he fut ur e S a vi o ur
. Ho w co ul d a n y pe r so n who ha d e ye s
a vo i d se e i n g t he i de n t i t y o f t he hi st o r y o f t he t wo
?
Ho we ve r , l e t m e n o t be a buse d fo r fi r st
se e i n g t hi s :
i t wa s t he pi o us Pa r khur st who di sco ve r e d i t , I o n l y r e pe a t hi s wo r ds, a n d I ha ve n o
i n cl i n a t i o n t o di sput e hi s e xpl a n a t i o n o f t he m yt ho s
.
Co l
. Wi l fo r d sa ys, t ha t Me g a st he n e s r e cko n s fi ft e e n g e n e r a t i o n s be t we e n Di o n ysi us a n d
He r cul e s, by t he l a t t e r o f who m , he o bse r ve s, we a r e t o un de r st a n d Cr i st n a a n d Ba l a -Ra m a
. He
a dds, "
It a ppe a r s t ha t , l i ke t he spi r i t ua l r ul e r s o f Ti be t , De o -Na ush di d n o t , pr o pe r l y spe a ki n g ,
` di e , but hi s so ul shi ft e d i t s ha bi t a t i o n , a n d g o t i n t o a n e w bo dy, whe n e ve r t he o l d o n e wa s wo r n
" o ut , e i t he r t hr o ug h a g e o r si ckn e ss
." He r e we ha ve t he t r ue syst e m o f i n ca r n a t i o n s a n d t he
m e t e m psycho si s
. Whe t he r t he r e be i n t he Hi n do o m yt ho s a n i n ca r n a t i o n ca l l e d Ba l a -Ra m a
be t we e n Ba chus, t ha t i s Di o n ysi us, t ha t i s Ta ur us-a n d He r cul e s, t ha t i s Cr i st n a , t ha t i s A r i e s,
o r n o t , i s o f n o co n se que n ce . It m a y ha ve be e n t he fa ct
. It wi l l n o t a ffe ct t he g e n e r a l a r g um e n t .
But Ba l a -Ra m a i s sa i d t o be t he sa m e a s Cr i st n a
. The t wo g r a n d i n ca r n a t i o n s, whe t he r ca l l e d
Ba l a -Ra m a o r by wha t e ve r o t he r n a m e , we r e t ho se o f Buddha a n d Cr i st n a
. A ft e r t he e qui n o x
be g a n i n Ta ur us, t he y we r e a l l i n ca r n a t i o n s o f Buddha un t i l t he sun e n t e r e d A r i e s, a n d a ft e r hi s
e n t r a n ce i n t o A r i e s, o f Cr i st n a
; a n d bo t h we r e i n ca r n a t i o n s o f Vi shn u, o r o f t he Tr i m ur t i .
By t he wo r d g e n e r a t i o n , use d a bo ve , I a ppr e he n d i s m e a n t ce n t ur y
. The n i f we a dm i t t ha t Ba l a -
Ra m a wa s t he i n ca r n a t i o n , a s I a m i n cl i n e d t o be l i e ve he wa s, o f t he cycl e n e xt be fo r e Cr i st n a , a n d i f t o
t he 1500 we a dd 6 00, hi s cycl e , t hi s wo ul d br i n g us t o t he ye a r 2100 fr o m t he S un ' s e n t r a n ce i n t o
Ta ur us t o hi s e n t r a n ce i n t o A r i e s, fo r t he i n ca r n a t i o n o f hi s succe sso r , Cr i st n a
. Ba l a -Ra m a i s
co n st a n t l y he l d, by t he pr e se n t i g n o r a n t Br a hm i n s, t o be t he sa m e a s Cr i st n a
. Thi s i s be ca use l i e
wa s t he n e xt pr e vi o us i n ca r n a t i o n
. The n e a r n e ss o f t he t wo , co n n e ct e d a l so wi t h t he fa ct , t ha t
t he y we r e i n r e a l i t y r e n e we d i n ca r n a t i o n s o r r e g e n e r a t i o n s o f t he sa m e pe r so n , pr e ve n t s t he Br a h-
m i n s fr o m se e i n g t he di st i n ct i o n . Be si de s, he wa s t he sa m e i n a n o t he r se n se
; he wa s t he S un i n
t he e qui n o ct i a l si g n A r i e s, a n d i n t he cycl e o f t he Ne r o s, -bo t h r un n i n g a t t he sa m e t i m e , a n d
cr o ssi n g e a ch o t he r i n t he i r pr o g r e ss
.
1
3 . The o l d st a t ue s o f t he Go ds a t t he fa m o us Mut t r a o r Ma t ur e a ha ve be e n de st r o ye d by t he
Mo ha m e da n s, a n d t he n e w o n e s ha ve be e n e r e ct e d i n m o de r n fo r m , a n d i n co n se que n ce ha ve n o
r e se m bl a n ce t o t ho se de scr i be d by Me g a st he n e s, but a t a pl a ce ca l l e d Ba l a -de va , a bo ut t hi r t e e n
m i l e s fr o m Mut t r a , t he r e i s a ve r y a n ci e n t st a t ue , whi ch m i n ut e l y a n swe r s t o hi s de scr i pt i o n
;
i t
wa s vi si t e d so m e ye a r s a g o by t he l a t e Li e ut
. S t e wa r t , who de scr i be s i t i n t he fo l l o wi n g wo r ds
" Ba l a -Ra m a , o r Ba l a -de va , i s r e spr e se n t e d t he r e
wi t h a pl o ug h-sha r e i n hi s l e ft ha n d, wi t h whi ch
GQ he ho o ke d hi s e n e m i e s ;
a n d i n hi s r i g ht ha n d a t hi ck cudg e l , wi t h whi ch he cl e ft t he i r scul l s
;
"
hi s sho ul de r s a r e co ve r e d wi t h t he ski n o f a t i g e r ." Ca pt a i n Wi l fo r d a dds,
"
He r e I sha l l o b-
se r ve , t ha t t he pl o ug hsha r e i s a l wa ys r e pr e se n t e d ve r y sm a l l , a n d so m e t i m e s o m i t t e d
;
a n d t ha t
~~ i t l o o ks e xa ct l y l i ke a ha r po o n wi t h a st r o n g ho o k o r a g a ff, a s i t i s usua l l y ca l l e d by fi she r m e n
.
'
The do ct r i n e o f r e g e n e r a t i o n ha s be e n a ct ua l l y ca r r i e d t o t he l e t t e r i n In di a . Mo n s
. D' A n ca r vi l l e , p
. 102, g i ve s
a n a cco un t o f a Pr i n ce be i n g a dm i t t e d t o t he Br a hm i n ca st e by be i n g pa sse d t hr o ug h t he bo dy o f a g o l de n co w
. The
Br a hm i n s ho l d t ha t t he y a r e t he de sce n da n t s o f Br a hm a , a n d t he Co w o r Be e ve i s t he e m bl e m o f hi m
.
Bo o k V
. Cha pt e r VI
. S e ct i o n 2

23 7
do n e by t he Ro m i sh Chr i st i a n s
. I
Ba l -i swa r a wa s t he so n o f t hi s S ha m a , a n d t he
S e m -i -r a m i s o f
A ssur , o f S cr i pt ur e
. 2 S e ve r a l o f
t he e a r l y Chr i st i a n fa t he r s, a n d a l o n g wi t h t he m S yn ce l l us, a c-
kn o wl e dg e t he i de n t i t y o f S a m so n a n d He r cul e s, who , t he y sa y, wa s co pi e d by t he Ge n t i l e s fr o m
t he Bi bl e
. The who l e st o r y o f S a m so n , t he Phi l i st i n e s, t he Li o n , Tha m n a t h o r Tha m n uz, r i n )n n
t m n t e , i s a m yt ho s :
' i t i s e xpl a i n e d by Dupui s, sur t o n s l e s Cul t e s, i n hi s di sse r t a t i o n o n t he l a -
bo ur s o f He r cul e s
.
Mr
. Fa be r sa ys, " O n t he sphe r e he (He r cul e s) i s
r e pr e se n t e d i n t he a ct o f co n t e n di n g wi t h t he
"
se r pe n t , t he he a d o f whi ch i s pl a ce d un de r hi s fo o t
:
a n d t hi s se r pe n t , we a r e t o l d, i s t ha t whi ch
"
g ua r de d t he t r e e wi t h g o l de n fr ui t i n t he m i dst o f t he g a r de n o f t he He spe r i de s
. But t he g a r de n
"
o f t he He spe r i de s, a s we ha ve a l r e a dy se e n , wa s n o o t he r t ha n t he g a r de n o f Pa r a di se
:
co n se -

que n t l y t he se r pe n t o f t ha t g a r de n , t he he a d o f whi ch i s cr ushe d be n e a t h t he he e l o f He r cul e s,

a n d whi ch i t se l f i s de scr i be d a s e n ci r cl i n g wi t h i t s fo l ds t he t r un k o f t he m yst e r i o us t r e e , m ust

n e ce ssa r i l y be a t r a n scr i pt o f t ha t se r pe n t who se fo r m wa s a ssum e d by t he t e m pt e r o f o ur fi r st

pa r e n t s .
We m a y o bse r ve t he sa m e a n ci e n t t r a di t i o n i n t he Pho e n i ci a n fa bl e r e spe ct i n g O phi o n
"
o r O phi o n e us ."
3
The r e a de r wi l l n o t di sput e t he a ut ho r i t y o f t he o r t ho do x Fa be r
. Wo ul d he
wi sh fo r a m o r e de ci si ve pr o o f t ha t Ge n e si s i s a m yt ho s, a s t he Re v
. Dr . Ge dde s pr o pe r l y ca l l s i t ?
If he do , l e t hi n t co n sul t Mo n s
. Dupui s sur t o us l e s Cul t e s, whe r e Mr . Fa be r a cqui r e d hi s kn o w-
l e dg e , t ho ug h he wi she s t o ke e p M
. Dupui s' s fi n e wo r k i n t he ba ck-g r o un d .
The si t ua t i o n o f t he fo o t o f t he ce l e st i a l He r cul e s o n t he S e r pe n t ' s he a d, pr e t t y we l l i de n t i fi e s
hi m wi t h t he Cr i st n a o f
Ge n e si s a n d In di a
. Pa r khur st a dm i t s t ha t t he l a bo ur s o f He r cul e s a r e
n o t hi n g but t he pa ssa g e o f t he sun t hr o ug h t he si g n s
o f t he Zo di a c ;
a n d t he ci r cum st a n ce s r e -
l a t i n g t o hi m he a do pt s a s
"
e m bl e m a t i c m e m o r i a l s o f wha t t he r e a l S a vi o ur wa s t o do a n d t o
suffe r "-t he
n a m e o f He r cul e s be i n g , a cco r di n g t o hi m ,
" A TITLE O F THE FUTURE
S A VIO UR."
He co ul d n o t fo r e se e t ha t t he o r i g i n o f He r cul e s wa s t o be fo un d (
v i z. a t Ma t ur e a o r Mut t r a ) i n
In di a
.
4
2
. The e t ym o l o g y o f t he n a m e o f S a m so n a n d hi s a dve n t ur e s a r e ve r y cl o se l y co n n e ct e d wi t h
t he so l a r He r cul e s
. S a m psa wa s t he n a m e o f t he S un
.
A m o n g t he A r a bi a n s Ba i sa m psa wa s t he
n a m e o f a ci t y o f t he i r co un t r y, whi ch wa s t he sa m e a s He l i o po l i s o r ci t y o f t he S un
. Isi do r e , o f
S e vi l l e , sa ys, t ha t t he n a m e o f S a m so n si g n i fi e s t he so l a r fo r ce o r po we r
; t ha t i s, he de fi n e s i t
a s Ma cr o bi us de fi n e s He r cul e s
. Wha t e ve r n a y be t he o r i g i n o f t he n a m e , we kn o w t ha t S a m so n
wa s o f t he t r i be o f Da n , o r o f t ha t whi ch, i n t he a st r o l o g i ca l syst e m o f t he Ra bbi n s, wa s pl a ce d
(ca se e ) un de r S co r pi o , o r un de r t he si g n wi t h whi ch t he ce l e st i a l He r cul e s r i se s
. He be ca m e
a m o r o us o f a da ug ht e r o f Tha m n i s
. r i n 1n n
t m n t e .' In g o i n g t o se e k he r , he e n co un t e r e d a
fur i o us l i o n whi ch, l i ke He r cul e s, he de st r o ye d
. S yn ce l l us sa ys o f hi m , " In t hi s t i m e l i ve d
"
S a m so n , who wa s ca l l e d He r cul e s, by t he Gr e e ks
. S o m e pe r so n s m a i n t a i n , n e ve r t he l e ss, " a dds
he , "
t ha t He r cul e s l i ve d be fo r e S a m so n ;
but t r a i t s o f r e se m bl a n ce e xi st be t we e n t he m , whi ch
"
ca n n o t be de n i e d ."
6
It i s n o t sur pr i si n g t ha t Mr
. Pa r khur st sho ul d be o bl i g e d t o a ckn o wl e dg e t he cl o se co n n e xi o n
be t we e n He r cul e s a n d Je sus-a s t he fa ct o f He r cul e s, i n t he a n ci e n t sphe r e , t r e a di n g o n t he
he a d o f t he se r pe n t l e a ve s n o r o o m fo r do ubt o n t hi s subje ct , a n d a l so i de n t i fi e s hi n t wi t h
'
The pr a ct i ce o f ca l l i n g t he Go d by m a n y n a m e s, a n d r e pe a t i n g t he m i n t he i r Li t a n i e s, i s st i l l fo l l o we d i n t he
Ro m i sh Chur ch .
I co un t e d fo r t y-t hr e e n a m e s o f t he bl a ck vi r g i n un de r he r i m a g e a t Lo r e t t o
. S e e pl a t e s, fi g . 15.
Cr i st n a ha s o n e t ho usa n d n a m e s
; a s t i m e pa sse d o n t he y pr o ba bl y i n cr e a se d .
2
S e e Wi l fo r d, A si a t . Re s . Vo l . V
. p
. 29 3 .

3 Fa be r , O r i g . o f Pa g . Ido l . Vo l
. I . p . 443
.
4 Fo r so m e i n t e r e st i n g o bse r va t i o n s o n t hi s Go d t he r e a de r m a y co n sul t Pa r khur st ' s Le xi co n i n vo ce i p o z,
p . 520 .
s
Judg e s xi v . 1 .

6 Dupui s, sur t o n s l e s Cul t e s, Vo l . IL pp . 3 11, 53 9 .

BookV
.ChapterIV.S ec ti on 12

231
` ~ f es tos au s pi c atu rm D ei
In d rc e, eri gu n tad i lli u s m em ori am u bi qu eloc oru m
c ru c es am i c tas

~ 4 broton o
. E aru m f i gu ram d es c ri ptam babes ad li t
.B, T abu lapon es equ en ti . N am A ef f i gi es

es ti ps i u s In d rac ru c i i i x i s i gn a T elec h
i n f ron tem an i bu s ped i bu s qu egeren ti s . " i
A gai n , hes ay s ,
s
"
E s tK ri s hn a( qu od u tm i hi pri d em i n d i c av eratP
.Cas s i an u s M ac eraten s i s ,
"
s i c n u n c u beri u s i n G alli i s obs erv atu m i n telli goav i v oli tterati s s i m oD eG u i gn es ) n om en i ps u m
"
c orru ptu m Chri s ti S erv atori s ."
A n d agai n , s peaki n gof Bu d d ha, G eorgi u s s ay s , 3 "
N am X ac aetChri s tu s n om i n as u n taequ ae

s i gn i f i c ati on i s apu d T i betan os , qu em ad m od u m apu d S i n en s es , tes teetv i n d i c eD eG u i gn es i o,

"
Chri s tu s etF o : apu d In d os v eroChri s tu s etBi s n u :
Chri s tu s etChri s n u ." Bu d d hai s of ten
s een w i thaglory , an d w i thaton gu eof f i reon hi s head . 4
G en .Vallan c ey s ay s , "
T heT artars c allthec ros s Lam a f rom theS c y thi an
Lam h, ahan d ,
" s y n on y m ou s tothe Jod of theChald ean s : an d thu s i tbec am ethe
n am eof a c ros s , an d of the

hi gh- pri es tw i ththeT artars ; an d , w i ththeIri s h,

Lu am
5
s i gn i f i es thehead of thec hu rc h, an

abbot, & c .
"
F rom thi s X alln ati on s begi n an ew rec kon i n g, bec au s ei ti s then u m berof f i n gers on both
" han d s , w hi c hw eretheori gi n ali n s tru m en ts of n u m beri n g
: hen c e
7 t
( i d ) i od i n H ebrew i s the
` ~ han d an d then u m ber ten , as i s Lam bw i ththeT artars
."
6
T hou ghIhav en oti c ed thi s bef ore, Ithi n ki tri ghttorepeati there
.
T hi s f i gu reX n oton ly s tan d s f orten , bu tw as c on s i d ered , as i thas been alread y s hew n , aper-
f ec tn u m ber, i .e
.theem blem of perf ec ti on , an d hen c es tood f or6 0 0 - thec y c le
w hi c h, af ter
m an y attem pts , w as erron eou s ly thou ghttobeperf ec t .
F rom theabu s eof theori gi n ali n c arn ati on ord i v i n ei n s pi rati on , f ori f they w eren oti d en ti c al
they w erev ery n early alli ed , aros etheLam aof T i bet, n ow bec om eam eretoolof theM on ks , by
m ean s of w hi c hthei rord erkeeps pos s es s i on of thes ov erei gn s w ay .
If thec i rc u m s tan c es of the
Lam aan d theP opebec aref u lly ex am i n ed , thes i m i lari ty w i llbef ou n d tobev ery s tri ki n g
. In
eac hc as etheM on ks an d thei rP opehav ethetem poralpow eri n thes u rrou n d i n gterri tory , an d i n
eac hc as eex ten s i v ef orei gn s tates ad m i tthei rs pi ri tu alau thori ty .
A n d w hen i n f orm erti m es the
pri es ts gav etheP opeof Italy theepi thetof D eu s , an d elev ated hi m as they y etd o, ON T H E A LT A R
of S t
.P eter' s , an d ben d i n gthekn eetohi m , of f ered hi m , tou s ethei row n w ord s , ad orati on - they
i n f ac tv ery n early arri v ed at
T i beti an perf ec ti on . In eac hc as ethehead of theem pi rei s c alled
P apaan d H oly F ather, an d i n eac hc as etheem pi rei s c alled thatof theLam a, theLam b, orthe
Cros s - f orLam hm ean s Cros s
. Lam blooks v ery li keLam b . Ikn ow n ottheety m ology of ou r
w ord Lam b ; bu teac h
em pi re i s that of theLam bof G od u pon earth, w hi c htakethaw ay thes i n s of
the w orld .
Is hallhereaf tertreaton thi s poi n t .
Bu tthew ord Ram ,
t7 x ' 1
ram , i n H ebrew m ean s bothBu llan d Ram . 7 T hi s aros e, Is u s pec t,
f rom theIn d i an i n c arn ati on of Ram a, w hoprec ed ed Cri s tn a .
In f ac thew as thei n c arn ati on of
theN eros w hen theS u n lef tT au ru s an d en tered A ri es
;
thu s hew as i n c arn atei n thes i gn s of both
theBu llan d theRam
.
" Bood i s m , " Col .F ran kli n " s ay s , " i s kn ow n v ery w i d ely i n A s i au n d ertheappellati on of
' A lph .T i bet, p .20 3 .

s
Ibi d . pp.25 3- 26 3 .

' Ibi d . p .36 4 .

4 S eeM oore' s P an theon , P 1.7 1, 7 2 .
5 T hi s Lu am i s ev i d en tly ac orru pti on
of Lam horLam b
.T heH i gh- pri es tw as an i n c arn ati on
of
theLam b of the
Z od i ac .
6
Celti c D ru i d s , A pp . p
.312 .

7
Vi d eP arkhu rs t i n v oc e .
8 T reati s eon theT en ets of
theJey n es an d Bu d d hi s ts , p .18 6 .
232
Jes u i ts ' A c c ou n tof theReli gi on of T i bet

S ham an i s m
:
thev i s i blehead of w hi c hreli gi on , theD alai Lam a, res i d es i n am agn i f i c en tpalac e

c alled P u tala, ortheH oly M ou n tai n , n earLas s a, thec api talof theex ten s i v eregi on of T hi bet .

H ei s beli ev ed tobean i m ated by aD i v i n eS pi ri t, an d i s regard ed as thev i c egeren tof theD ei ty

"
on earth, an d by s om eas theD ei ty i n c arn ate, an d d eathi s n othi n gm ore, i ti s preten d ed , than
"
thetran s m i grati on of thes pi ri ti n toan otherbod y , li kethatof theBu llG od A pi s i n E gy pt
."
H erei s thepri n c i plew hi c hw i llu n rav elallthem y s teri es of an ti qu i ty
.
In m y Celti c D ru i d s Ihav eprov ed thatthef i rs trac eof m an af terthef lood c am ef rom abou t
thelati tu d e4 5 , perhaps BalkorS am arkan d , n otf arf rom N orthern T i bet
.T hef ollow i n gex trac t
f rom thew orkof theChri s ti an Jes u i ts w i lls hew thats om eof theRom i s hd oc tri n es m i ghthav e
been c opi ed , an d probably w erec opi ed by theP ers i an orP y thagorean s c hool, f rom as ou rc ed i f -
f eren tf rom thatof m od ern Chri s ti an i ty
.T heau thori ty of theJes u i ts i n thi s c as ec an n otbed i s -
pu ted , an d thed oc tri n es , f rom thei rbei n gi d en ti f i ed w i ththeBu d d hi s m of T i bet, m u s thav ean an -
ti qu i ty f arhi gherthan thatof thed oc tri n es of Cri s tn a .
13 .
T hec los ec oi n c i d en c ebetw een thereli gi on of T i betan d thatof theChri s ti an s , c an hard ly
hed i s pu ted , as thekn ow led geof i tc om es tou s f rom s ev eralpers on s w hod on otappeartohav e
an y i n teres ti n try i n gtod ec ei v e ."
F atherG rebi llon obs erv es als ow i thas ton i s hm en t, thatthe
"
Lam as hav etheu s eof holy w ater, s i n gi n gi n thec hu rc hs erv i c e, pray ers f orthed ead , m i tres
"
w orn by thebi s hops
;
an d thattheD alai Lam ahold s thes am eran kam on ghi s Lam as , thatthe
" P oped oes i n theChu rc hof Rom e :
an d F atherG ru ebergoes f arther ; hes ay s , thatthei rreli gi on

agrees , i n ev ery es s en ti alpoi n t, w i ththeRom an reli gi on , w i thou tev erhav i n ghad an y c on n ex i on

" w i thE u ropean s :
f or, s ay s he, they c elebrateas ac ri f i c ew i thbread an d w i n e
; they gi v eex trem e
" u n c ti on
; they bles s m arri ages ; pray f orthes i c k
; m akeproc es s i on s ; hon ou rthereli c s of thei r
"
s ai n ts , orratherthei ri d ols ;
they hav em on as teri es an d c on v en ts of y ou n gw om en
; they s i n gi n
" thei rtem ples li keChri s ti an M on ks
;
they obs erv es ev eralf as ts , i n thec ou rs eof they ear, an d

m orti f y thei rbod i es , parti c u larly w i ththed i s c i pli n e, orw hi ps

: they c on s ec ratethei rbi s hops ,
` ~ an d s en d m i s s i on ari es , w holi v ei n ex trem epov erty , trav elli n gbaref ootev en toChi n a
.F ather
"
G ru ebers ay s hehas s een allthi s :
an d H orac ed elaP on as ay s , thatthereli gi on of T i beti s

li kean i m ageof thatof Rom e

.T hey beli ev ei n on eG od
:
aT ri n i ty , bu tf i lled w i therrors ; a

P arad i s e, H ell, P u rgatory

; bu tm i n gled w i thf ables
: they m akealm s , pray ers , an d s ac ri f i c es

f orthed ead
;
they hav ec on v en ts , w herei n they m akev ow s of c has ti ty an d pov erty ; hav ec on -

f es s ors appoi n ted by thegran d Lam a, an d , bes i d es holy w ater, thec ros s , c haplets , an d other
" prac ti c es of Chri s ti an s
." 1
T heabov ei s c on f i rm ed by G ru eberan d D ' Orv i lle, them i s s i on ari es ,
i n theac c ou n tof thei rVoy agetoChi n a .
W hatev erP rotes tan ts m ay s ay tothec on trary , thi s i s c orrec tP opi s h, an d als oP rotes tan t,
Chri s ti an i ty
.T heP ope, li ketheA rc hbi s hopof Can terbu ry , i s beli ev ed by hi s c on s ec rati on ,
ord i n ati on , ori n s tallati on , thati s , by thec erem on y of m aki n ghi m popeorbi s hop, by thei m pos i -
ti on of han d s , by theS am ac h, orby i n v es ti tu rew i ththeP alli u m , tohav ehad i n s ti lled ori n s pi red
i n tohi m aporti on of thed i v i n es pi ri t, of thelogos , ord i v i n ew i s d om
:
thu s en d ow ed , as i ti s
c learly ex pres s ed , hehas pow ertorem i ts i n s , i n theRom i s hs erv i c e
on thec on d i ti on of repen tan c e ;
i n theP rotes tan t( as appears i n thes erv i c ef ortheord i n ati on of pri es ts )
w i thou tac on d i ti on .
T heac c ou n ts of theJes u i ts are, i n s om ei n s tan c es , c on f i rm ed by theJou rn alof am os t
res pec tablegen tlem an , s en tby M r .H as ti n gs toT i bet
. 2 M r.T u rn ers ay s , thatthem y s teri ou s
w ord A u m orOm , i s equ ally s ac red w i ththeBu d d hi s ts of T hi bet, as w i ththeBrahm i n s of
' Rem ai n s of Japhet, 4 to.p .20 1
.

2
T u rn er' s T rav els i n T i bet
.
BookV.ChapterV
.S ec ti on 13

233
Ben gal, u n d erthef orm of
Oom m au n eepai m ee
oom . T hetem pleatJaggern au t, an d m os tof
theotherplac es i n In d i aheld s ac red by theBrahm i n s , areequ ally held s ac red by theBu d d hi s ts
of T i bet .'
T hey hav em on as teri es f orM on ks an d N u n s , prec i s ely li kethos eof theRom i s h
Chu rc h, i n w hi c hpray ers arec hau n ted , w i thm u s i c , w hi c hn ev erc eas en i ghtord ay f orthou s an d s
of y ears , ac c om pan i ed w i thoc c as i on alproc es s i on s
.
T hey m akepi lgri m ages tothec hi ef holy
plac es i n In d i a, theru i n ed c i ty of G ow r, toG y a, Ben ares , M ahow , A llahabad , & c
., an d theri c h,
li kethos eof theRom i s hChu rc h, d oi tby prox y
.T hey s ay thattheG ran d Lam ahas been
regen erated atallthes eplac es
.
T hepri n c i pali d oli n thei rtem ples i s c alled M aham oon i e
: 2 the
Bu d d haof Ben gal, c alled G od am aorG au tam a, i n A s s am an d A v a
:
S am an ai n S i am : A m i d aan d
Bu thi n Japan
: F ohi i n Chi n a ;
Bu d d haan d S hakam u n a, i n Ben galan d H i n d os tan
: D herm a
Raj aan d M aham oon i e, i n Bootan an d T i bet
.
F rom ti m ei m m em ori althey hav ehad theartof
pri n ti n g,
thou ghi thas been li m i ted tothei rreli gi ou s w orks
; an d i ti s s ti llm orec u ri ou s , thati thas
been d on eu pon bloc ks s i m i lartothes tereoty pem ethod , an d n otby m ov eableletters , w hi c hs hew s
thatthey hav en otlearn ti tf rom theW es t
; f or, w hen M r
.T u rn erv i s i ted them , theartof pri n ti n g
i n thatm an n erw as n otkn ow n i n E u rope
.Iti s m u c htobelam en ted thatM r .T u rn erd i d n ot
getc opi es of , orproc u rem orei n f orm ati on res pec ti n g, thei rs ac red books , of w hi c hhes tates them
tohav egreatn u m bers i n thei rm on as teri es
.
T hi s ac c ou n tof theBu d d hi s ts of U pperIn d i a, i s c on f i rm ed by theac c ou n tgi v en by M r .Craw -
f ord 3
of thes am ereli gi on i s ts , i n thei s lan d of S i am , athou s an d m i les f rom them . H es ay s , " T he
"
S i am es ehav eas ex c ellen tam orali ty as theChri s ti an s
. T hey hav ethei rT alapoi n s orM on ks ,
"
w hotakethev ow s of c has ti ty an d pov erty
; they hav eau ri c u larc on f es s i on ; they beli ev ethat

theprof es s ors of an y reli gi on m ay bes av ed

."
"
A greeably totheprev ai li n gbeli ef i n as u c c es s i on of s i m i larw orld s , ov ereac hof w hi c hpre-

s i d es aBu d d haorM en u , thei n habi tan ts of Cey lon s u ppos ethat, tow ard s theen d of thepres en t
"
m u n d an es y s tem , therew i llbelon gw ars , u n heard - of c ri m es , an d aporten tou s d i m i n u ti on of the

len gthof hu m an li f e
:
thataterri blerai n w i llthen s w eepf rom thef ac eof theearthallex c epta

s m alln u m berof pi ou s pers on s , w how i llrec ei v eti m ely n oti c eof theev i l, an d thu s been abled to
" av oi d i t ;
an d thatthew i c ked w i llbec han ged i n tobeas ts , an d thatu lti m ately M ai tri 4 - Bu d d ha
"
- w i llappearan d re- es tabli s han ew ord erof thi n gs
." 5 H erearethem etem ps y c hos i s an d
theren ew alof w orld s
; theex ac td oc tri n e, w hi c hw as n oti c ed bef ore, of Iren aeu s .
Im u s tn ow begm y read ertopau s eali ttle, an d toref lec tu pon theac c ou n ts w hi c hhehas read
i n thi s bookres pec ti n gtheprophec i es of Cri s tn a, of Is ai ah, of Vi rgi l, of theS i by ls , as reported by
F i gu lu s an d otherRom an s , of theprophec y of Z oroas ter, an d of theD ru i d of Irelan d , - an d I
w ou ld then as khi m w hathethi n ks of i t
.
Can hef oram om en td ou btthatallthi s relates tothe
ren ew alof thec y c les , an d toas u c c es s i on of i n c arn ati on s
? T hem y s teri ou s c hi ld , allu d ed toi n
thebegi n n i n gof thi s book, w as an ew i n c arn ati on of D i v i n eW i s d om , the
rrpw roy ov oc ,
thef i rs t
em an ati on , thelogos , thes olarf i re, thes ac red , m y s teri ou s , n ev er- to- be- s poken OM , theT ri m u rti ,
u n i ted i n thepers on of Bu d d haorCri s tn a,
6
born tobeki n gof thepeopleof S i oN ,
of thec ou n try
'
T hey hav ethec u s tom of f orm i n gCarn s by pi li n gheaps
of s ton es ov erd ead bod i es , li kethos e of
theW es tern
w orld , pp
.221, 222 . E v ery trav ellerpas s i n g by
ad d s as ton etotheheap .
I P p .30 6 , 30 7
. '

s
Res . Vol.II .pp .19 0 , ets eq .
4 Is u s pec tthi s w ord
M ai tri i s theF ren c h M ai tre,
theS pan i s han d Itali an M aes tro, theD u tc h M ees ter,
an d ou r
M as ter, - all
probably d eri v ed f rom theLati n M agi s ter ; an d the
las t equ ally w i th M ai tri f rom ac om m on ori gi n
.
5
F ab .
Ori g .P ag .Id ol . Vol .II .p .33 9 .

6
Ibi d . p .4 3 .
234 M en u - S i rW i lli am Jon es on M en u
of JU D IA ,
of thetri beof YU D A , t
w hos elan gu agew as thatof theBaali of S i am an d P ers i a- of the
peoplec alled P alli , orP alles ti n i orP hi li s ti n es - of theblac kn ati on of S i rW i lli am Jon es , an d w hos e
n am ew as , w i ththeG reeks , X 6 0 0 ,
an d X H an d T H Y6 0 8
; an d Ju pi ter, Ieu - pati , theS av i ou r,
repres en ted i n S t
.P eter' s by thes ton ei m agetow hi c hIhav ebef oreallu d ed , hav i n gi n s c ri bed on i t
thew ord s Z E U S 2 w - r' ~ P .
CH A P T E RV
M en u - S i rW i lli am Jon es on M en u
.
1 . IN theH i n d oom y thology w em eetw i thav ery i m portan tpers on age, c alled M E N U . H ei s
allow ed tobei d en ti c alw i thBu d d ha, an d w i ththeS u n , an d tobes u rn am ed S on of theS elf - ex i s ten t,
or, i n otherw ord s , S on of G od
.T hew ord M en u s i gn i f i es m i n d or u n d ers tan d i n g, an d i s c los ely
c on n ec ted w i ththei d eaof w i s D OM . Iti s , i n s hort, bu tan otherepi thetf orBu d d ha .T hi s rooti s
c los ely alli ed totheroot
` m
m n r, w hen c ec om es theM i n erv aof theG reeks , ' an d theE n gli s h
w ord m an , an d theLati n w ord s M E N S m i n d , m em i n i torem em ber, an d theS an s c ri tm an orm en ,
tothi n k . I am of opi n i on thattheN u m aof theRom an s , thelegi s latorw hohad them y s ti c al
s u rn am eof P - Om - pi li u s , 3 w as aM en u c orru pted ; read f rom ri ghttolef ti ti s M an u .
M en u , m ean i n gm i n d , ors ou l, ors pi ri t, ev ery i n c arn ati on w as aM en u , oram an i f es tati on of
theD i v i n eM i n d .T hi s w as thes am eas D i v i n eW i s d om , the w rpaw oy ev oc . T othi s D i v i n eM i n d
orW i s d om thepri es ts m os td i s c reetly attri bu ted thei rc od es of law
.T hu s M en es i n E gy ptgav e
thef i rs tlaw s ; 4 an d M i n os , thes on of Ju pi ter( T ao) an d thebeau ti f u llo, w as thef i rs tlegi s lator
of Crete . F rom thes ec on d s y llableof thew ord M en u theG reekw ord N ooc has been thou ghtto
bed eri v ed .T hehereti c alJew s w ors hi ped theplan etary bod i es , u n d erthen am eof ' m
m n i ,
w hi c h
m ean s , thed i s pos ers orplac ers i n ord er .In theH i n d oos y s tem thereares ai d tohav ebeen f ou r-
teen M en u s , ( thelas tof w hom f i n i s hed w i ththef lood , ) orthes am epers on i s s ai d tohav eappeared
m an y ti m es . H ei s atten d ed by s ev en c om pan i on s , w hoarec alled Ras hees orRi s hees , bef ore
ex plai n ed , bu tev i d en tly thef i v eplan ets , theearth, an d them oon .
2 .M en u w as m ai n tai n ed by S i rW .Jon es tobethe
rt
n h, or, as w ec allhi m , theN oahof G en es i s .
T hi s i s s tron gly s u pported by thef ac t, thati ti s s ai d i n G en es i s v i i i .13,
a
i n thes i x hu n d red an d
" f i rs ty earof N oah' s li f e, i n thef i rs tm on th, thef i rs td ay of them on th, thew aters w ered ri ed
Cc u pf rom theearth ." H erei s ev i d en tly thec y c leof theN eros , en d i n gw i ththed ry i n gof the
w aters , an d begi n n i n gan ew .H erearetheen d i n gof on ey earorli f eof M en u orBu d d ha, an d the
begi n n i n gof an ew on e .
T hei n ti m atec on n ex i on betw een M i n erv aan d Bu d d ha, as W IS D OM an d m i n d , In eed n otpoi n t
ou t . On thi s W ord orP ers on M r .F abers ay s , " T hei m portof theG reekw ord N ou s an d of the
G 0 S an s c ri tM en u i s prec i s ely thes am e
: eac hd en otes m i n d or i n telli gen c e an d tothelatterof
' Of thetri beof Yu d aIs hallhav em u c htos ay hereaf ter .

s
S eeP arkhu rs ti n v oc ei 1n m n r .
' W i th P i
theCopti c em phati c arti c le, P i - Oai - phi li u s orf i li u s ,
thes on of Oi n .

4
M au ri c e, H i s t .
Book
V. Chapter V .S ec ti on 2

235
~ ~ them theLati n M en s i s
ev i d en tly v ery n early alli ed :
or, tos peakm oreproperly , M en s an d
~ ~ M en u , perhaps als oou rE n gli s hM i n d , aref u n d am en tally on ean d thes am ew ord
." I
A f tertheG od s , D i od oru s m akes thef i rs tki n gof E gy pt, M en as , orM en es , torei gn at
T hebes , n otatM em phi s ; thelatterw as am od ern c i ty c om pared w i ththef orm er
.T hu s M en es
i s f ou n d as f i rs tki n gatT hebes an d atM em phi s
; i n Crete, by then am eof M i n os , an d i n In d i a
as M en u
.T heM en - d es orP an of E gy ptm ay m ean theD i v i n eM i n d ,
2
i n f ac t, theH oly M i n d or
G hos t .
M en u i s als os hew n by v ari ou s w ri ters tobetheS u n , an d i n thi s res pec tthes am eas
Bu d d ha .
A llthes eH i n d oopers on s , li kethed i f f eren tG od s of theW es tern n ati on s , res olv ethem -
s elv es atlas ti n totheS u n
.
Of theT heban ki n gs E ratos then es s ay s , T hef i rs tw horei gn ed w as
M i n es
theT hebi n i te, the
T heblean , w hi c hi s by i n terpretati on D i on i u s
:
II? c orn s 2 ot? .eu aev M w i ls Or
9 tv trrs , hw os ,
o e~ i u
.rv eu eratOtov tos .
T hes ec on d w as c alled by i n terpretati on ` E ? poy eVrs H erm ogen es , i
. e .
Begotten of H erm es
.
M r
.F aberc orrec tly obs erv es , thattheM en u of theH i n d oos i s theM aha- bad orG reatBu d of
theBu d d hi s ts :
hehas thes am ehi s tory :
w hatappli es totheon e, w i thv ery li ttlev ari ati on , ap-
pli es totheother
. 3
T herew eref ou rteen M aha- bad s , as therew eref ou rteen M en u s .In theD es ati r
of M os han i f ou rteen M ahabad s aretreated of
. T hes ew erethei m agi n ary pers on s of w hom S i r
W i lli am Jon es m ad ead y n as ty of ki n gs
.
M r
.F aberhas v ery s u c c es s f u lly prov ed thatBu d d haan d Z oroas ter, 4 orthes tarof theBu ll,
as heex plai n s thew ord , arethes am epers on , thes am eas theM en u of theChu s as of Iran
.
H e
s ay s , "
T heearly w ors hi p, theref ore, of Iran , ac c ord i n gtotheZ en d av es ta, w as thew ors hi pof
~ ~ Bu d d ha
or T at
u n d erthef orm of aBu ll, c om pou n d ed w i ththehu m an f orm ." '
In P ers i athey had f i v eZ oroas ters
:
thes ew erebu tren ew ed i n c arn ati on s of theT au ri c G od .
6
In s hort, Ibeli ev ethew ord M en u had thes am em ean i n g, ori gi n ally , as Ras i t,
W i s d om ; thati t
w as thes am eas them ou n tof M eru , an d thatM eru an d M en u w erem ered i alec ti c v ari ati on s
.
In
thi s Iam s u pported by M on s
.LaLou bere, w hos tates thatM ari aan d M an i aarew ri tten an d u s ed
i n d i s c ri m i n ately
i n theS i am es elan gu age :
an d thi s f ac t, w hen i ti s c on s i d ered thatthew hole
E as tern m y thos w as rem ov ed totheW es t, j u s ti f i es as u s pi c i on thatalon gw i ththeothers c am e
theori en tali l- av ratta, orm ou n tof M eru , an d thatw ehav ei ti n them ou n tn ow c alled Bari s an d
A rm en i a : thati s , d r or
E r- M en i - i a,
thec ou n try of m ou n tM eru orM en i . T hem ou n tBari s i s
them ou n tof N au - ban d a . D r .Jon es 7
s ay s , BaQts , as tru c tu reof an y s ort, aboatorbarge . T he
m ou n tof N au ban d a, i n theIn d i an lan gu age, i s s ai d tom ean
s hi p- c abled m ou n t .T o thi s m ou n t
i n thef lood of N oahtheA rkw as s ai d tobef as ten ed
. T hew ord N au i s
theLati n N av i s , an d the
G reekN au s : an d thew ord
ban d i s
ac om m on E n gli s hw ord f orac ord orc able . 8 T he
ex pres s i on m ou n tM eru orM en u , m ean s them ou n t
of M eru .
In theH ebrew lan gu agew hen a
w ord i s i n regi m i n e, i n m an y c as es i tc an on ly bekn ow n by thec on tex tw hetheri tbei n the
n om i n ati v eorgen i ti v ec as e
. T hew ord s f or
m ou n tM eru an d
m ou n t of M eru w ou ld bethes am e .
T hi s , i f theH ebrew oran y lan gu ageli ketheH ebrew w eretheori gi n allan gu age, read i ly ac c ou n ts
f orthen am es of m an y plac es
.
If M an es , thes on of Bu d w as ,
thes on of T hom as , of w hom w e
F aber, Ori g .P ag. Id ol .Vol .I .p .4 0 .
e
In E gy pttherew as ac i ty c alled M en d es
.T hes y m bolof M en d es w as aG oat
: thereas on of thi s I s hallex plai n
hereaf ter .
3 F ab . p.123 .

4 Ch
. i i i .

6
Vol .IT .p .8 3 .

6 N i m rod , 231 .

7
In Lex i c on .
8 T hi s i s agood ex am pleof theu ti li ty of apply i n gtos ev erallan gu ages f orthem ean i n gof aw ord , f or
I am qu i te
c ertai n n oon ec an d ou btthei d en ti ty of s i gn i f i c ati on i n thew ord
n au ban d a .
236
H erc u les an d S am s on theS am e
s hallhereaf terhav em u c hthati s v ery ex traord i n ary toof f er,
w erereally am an , hehad hi s n am e
f rom M en u , an d w hen hi s d oc tri n es w eres ai d tobethos eof M an es , i tw as m ean tthatthey w ere
thed oc tri n es of the IN CA RN A T E W IS D OM .
In c on s equ en c eof thew ord f orm oon
1n
m n orM - ~ " bei n gthes am eas then am eof theM en u
of In d i a, Ic an - n ots hew ex am ples of hi m v ery c learly i n theW es t, bec au s ethetw on am es ares o
c on f ou n d ed , thati ti s alm os ti m pos s i ble, i n m os tc as es , tobec ertai n of
w hi c h thean c i en tau thor
i s treati n g . Bu tA rri an has obs erv ed thatthem ou n tM eru w as kn ow n totheG reeks , an d w as
s ac red toBac c hu s .'
In G en es i s v .29 , i ti s s ai d , thatN oahhad hi s n am eof
rn l
n h ( > > 1] ri v i n hm n u ) bec au s ehes hall
c om f ortu s ; or, bec au s ehes hallc au s etores t . N ow ,
Ithi n kthes eex plan ati on s of then am eof the
M an , thegran d poi n tof w hos eli f ew as theru i n of aw orld by f lood s an d w i n d s , arebothri d i c u lou s ,
an d on ly prov ethatthem ean i n gof thew ord , of thi s half - los tlan gu age, i s u n kn ow n
.U n d erall
thec i rc u m s tan c es Ihav eas u s pi c i on thattherei s heream i s takebetw een theletterH e
; t e an d
theletterH eth
r7
h, an d thatthew ord n i l i n h, f ollow ed by thew ord
+In M N U , m ean t, M en u s hall
lead o prec ed e . W ehav ealread y s een thatN oahan d M en u w erethes am e
.T hu s w ef i n d thati n
theW es tern as w ellas i n theE as tern partof A s i a, therew as aM en u , an d eac hw as s av ed i n an
A rkf rom af lood .T heletter rT h an d theletter T e areof ten s u bs ti tu ted f oreac hotheri n the
H ebrew , as they arei n theG reek .
In G en .i x .20 , N oahi s c alled by M os es
r ti tr7 tv tx
ai s ead m e, thati s , thehu s ban d of theearth .
T hu s S atu rn w as thehu s ban d of Rhea . 2 Is hallhav em oretos ay on them ean i n gof thew ord
M en u
hereaf ter .
CH A P T E RVI
H erc u les an d S am s on thes am e- - E ty m ologof S am s on - M u ttra, H erc u les at-
.
on H erc u les . ; T heF ox es - ' i lf rd on H erc u les atM u ttra
.M ean -
i n gof w ord H erc u les - H erc u les Blac k .Cri s tn ai n E gy pt .
1 .I S H A LL
n ow proc eed toex hi bi ts om eotherc i rc u m s tan c es toprov ethattheG od of W es tern
an d E as tern A s i aw as thes am e
.In theparti c u lars of theG od H erc u les s om es tri ki n gm arks of
thei d en ti ty of thetw ow i llbef ou n d .In hi s ad v en tu res als oan u m berof f ac ts m ay beperc ei v ed ,
w hi c hi d en ti f y hi m w i ththeS am s on of theJew s an d theCri s tn aof In d i a
.
S am s on
Z ttv n tt s m s u n , i s ex plai n ed by Calm etan d Cru d en tom ean
hi s s u n .T hi s ex plan ati on I
greatly d ou bt
.S am s on an s w ers c orrec tly totheH i n d ooi n c arn ati on S ham a, orS ham a- Jay a,
w hi c hi s on eof thethou s an d n am es of Vi s hn u , w hi c htheH i n d oos repeati n thei rli tan i es , as
i s
+ H i s t . In d .pp
.318 , 321 ; D i od .S i c .Li b .i i .p .123
; Bry an t, A n al .Vol .III .p.19 6 .M en u i n In d i aw as the
s u ppos ed au thorof ac elebrated c od eof law s c alled theIn s ti tu tes of M en u , tran s lated i n toE n gli s hby thelearn ed
P rof es s orH au ghton .
2 G ale, Cou rtG en t
.B .i i i .Ch .i i .
BookV.
Chapter VI . S ec ti on 2

237
d on eby theRom i s hChri s ti an s . 1 Bal- i s w araw as thes on of thi s
S ham a, an d the S em - i - ram i s of
A s s u r, of S c ri ptu re
. 2 S ev eral of theearly Chri s ti an f athers , an d alon gw i ththem S y n c ellu s , ac -
kn ow led gethei d en ti ty of S am s on an d H erc u les , w ho, they s ay , w as c opi ed by theG en ti les f rom
theBi ble.T hew holes tory of S am s on , theP hi li s ti n es , theLi on , T ham n ath
.orT ham n u z,
; Z n i on
tn i n te, i s am y thos : i ti s ex plai n ed by D u pu i s , s u rton s les Cu ltes , i n hi s d i s s ertati on on thela-
hou rs of H erc u les .
M r
.F abers ay s ,
"
On thes pherehe ( H erc u les ) i s repres en ted i n theac tof c on ten d i n gw i ththe
~ ~ s erpen t, thehead of w hi c hi s plac ed u n d erhi s f oot
:
an d thi s s erpen t, w earetold , i s thatw hi c h
' ~ gu ard ed thetreew i thgold en f ru i ti n them i d s tof thegard en of theH es peri d es .Bu tthegard en
" of theH es peri d es , as w ehav ealread y s een , w as n ootherthan thegard en of P arad i s e : c on s e-
qu en tly thes erpen tof thatgard en , thehead of w hi c hi s c ru s hed ben eaththeheelof H erc u les ,
' ~ an d w hi c hi ts elf i s d es c ri bed as en c i rc li n gw i thi ts f old s thetru n kof them y s teri ou s tree, m u s t
' ~ n ec es s ari ly beatran s c ri ptof thats erpen tw hos ef orm w as as s u m ed by thetem pterof ou rf i rs t
' ~ paren ts .W em ay obs erv ethes am ean c i en ttrad i ti on i n theP hoen i c i an f ableres pec ti n gOphi on
" orOphi on eu s ." 3 T heread erw i lln otd i s pu tetheau thori ty of theorthod ox F aber
.W ou ld he
w i s hf oram ored ec i s i v eproof thatG en es i s i s am y thos , as theRev .D r.G ed d es properly c alls i t ?
If hed o, lethi m c on s u ltM on s .D u pu i s s u rton s les Cu ltes , w hereM r
.F aberac qu i red hi s kn ow -
led ge, thou ghhew i s hes tokeepM .D u pu i s ' s f i n ew orki n thebac k- grou n d
.
T hes i tu ati on of thef ootof thec eles ti alH erc u les on theS erpen t' s head , pretty w elli d en ti f i es
hi m w i ththeCri s tn aof G en es i s an d In d i a .P arkhu rs tad m i ts thatthelabou rs of H erc u les are
n othi n gbu tthepas s ageof thes u n throu ghthes i gn s of theZ od i ac ; an d thec i rc u m s tan c es re-
lati n gtohi m head opts as " em blem ati c m em ori als of w hatthe realS av i ou rw as tod o an d to
s u f f er" - the
n am eof H erc u les bei n g, ac c ord i n gtohi m ,
"
A T IT LE OF T H E F U T U RE S A VIOU R."
H ec ou ld n otf ores eethattheori gi n of H erc u les w as tobef ou n d ( v
i z.a
t M atu reaorM u ttra) i n
In d i a
. 4
2
.T heety m ology of then am eof S am s on an d hi s ad v en tu res arev ery c los ely c on n ec ted w i th
thes olarH erc u les
.S am ps aw as then am eof theS u n .A m on gtheA rabi an s Bai s am ps aw as the
n am eof ac i ty of thei rc ou n try , w hi c hw as thes am eas H eli opoli s orc i ty of theS u n .Is i d ore, of
S ev i lle, s ay s , thatthen am eof S am s on s i gn i f i es thes olarf orc eorpow er
;
thati s , hed ef i n es i t
as M ac robi u s d ef i n es H erc u les
.W hatev erm ay betheori gi n of then am e, w ekn ow thatS am s on
w as of thetri beof D an , orof thatw hi c h, i n theas trologi c als y s tem of theRabbi n s , w as plac ed
( c as tle) u n d erS c orpi o, oru n d erthes i gn w i thw hi c hthec eles ti alH erc u les ri s es
.H ebec am e
am orou s of ad au ghterof T ham n i s . rttl M i 1 tm n te . 5 In goi n gtos eekher, heen c ou n tered a
f u ri ou s li on w hi c h, li keH erc u les , hed es troy ed .S y n c ellu s s ay s of hi m , " In thi s ti m eli v ed
" S am s on , w how as c alled H erc u les , by theG reeks
.S om epers on s m ai n tai n , n ev ertheles s , " ad d s
he, " thatH erc u les li v ed bef oreS am s on
; bu ttrai ts of res em blan c eex i s tbetw een them , w hi c h
"
c an n otbed en i ed ." s
Iti s n ots u rpri s i n gthatM r.P arkhu rs ts hou ld beobli ged toac kn ow led gethec los ec on n ex i on
betw een H erc u les an d Jes u s - as thef ac tof H erc u les , i n thean c i en ts phere, tread i n gon the
head of thes erpen tleav es n oroom f ord ou bton thi s s u bj ec t, an d als oi d en ti f i es hi m w i th
'
T heprac ti c eof c alli n gtheG od by m an y n am es , an d repeati n gthem i n ..thei rLi tan i es , i s s ti llf ollow ed i n the
Rom i s hChu rc h.Ic ou n ted f orty - threen am es of theblac kv i rgi n u n d erheri m ageatLoretto .S eeplates , f i g .15
.
Cri s tn ahas on ethou s an d n am es ; as ti m epas s ed on they probably i n c reas ed .
'
S eeW i lf ord , A s i at .Res . Vol.V.p .29 3 .

3 F aber, Ori g .of P ag .Id ol.Vol .I .p .4 4 3.

4
F ors om ei n teres ti n gobs erv ati on s on thi s G od theread erm ay c on s u ltP arkhu rs t' s Lex i c on i n v oc e
1y or, p
.5 20 .
s Ju d ges x i v .1 .

6
D u pu i s , s u rton s les Cu ltes , Vol
.I .pp.311, 5 39 .
238

M u ttra, H erc u les A t

Cri s tn aof In d i a, w hoi s s eld om s een w i thou tthehead of theCobraben eathhi s f oot
:
an d thes e
tw of ac ts aton c eloc ateCri s tn a bef ore theChri s ti an aera .
T hei d en ti ty of Cri s tn aan d H erc u les has been s hew n . Chri s ti an pri es ts s ay thatthem an
tread i n gon thehead of thes erpen ti s an em blem of Jes u s ; then herew ehav ethes am eem blem
of Cri s tn a, H erc u les , an d Jes u s . W hetherthi s w i llprov ethei d en ti ty of thethree, Ileav etothe
d ev otees . Its u rely prov es thei d en ti ty of thed oc tri n eorm y thos of thes ec on d bookof G en es i s ,
of G reec e, an d of In d i a . Iam n ots u rpri s ed thattheRev .an d s u pers ti ti ou s P arkhu rs ts hou ld
s tateH erc u les tobean em blem of thef u tu reS av i ou r . H ow c ou ld an y pers on w hohad ey es
av oi d s eei n gthei d en ti ty of thehi s tory of thetw o ?
H ow ev er, letm en otbeabu s ed f orf i rs t
s eei n gthi s
:
i tw as thepi ou s P arkhu rs tw hod i s c ov ered i t, Ion ly repeathi s w ord s , an d Ihav en o
i n c li n ati on tod i s pu tehi s ex plan ati on of them y thos
.
Col .W i lf ord s ay s , thatM egas then es rec kon s f i f teen gen erati on s betw een D i on y s i u s an d
H erc u les , by thelatterof w hom , heobs erv es , w earetou n d ers tan d Cri s tn aan d Bala- Ram a . H e
ad d s , " Itappears that, li kethes pi ri tu alru lers of T i bet, D eo- N au s hd i d n ot, properly s peaki n g,
~ d i e, bu thi s s ou ls hi f ted i ts habi tati on , an d goti n toan ew bod y , w hen ev ertheold on ew as w orn
` ~ ou t, ei therthrou ghageors i c kn es s ." H erew ehav ethetru es y s tem of i n c arn ati on s an d the
m etem ps y c hos i s . W hethertherebei n theH i n d oom y thos an i n c arn ati on c alled Bala- Ram a
betw een Bac hu s , thati s D i on y s i u s , thati s T au ru s - an d H erc u les , thati s Cri s tn a, thati s A ri es ,
orn ot, i s of n oc on s equ en c e .
Itm ay hav ebeen thef ac t .Itw i lln otaf f ec tthegen eralargu m en t .
Bu tBala- Ram ai s s ai d tobethes am eas Cri s tn a .
T hetw ogran d i n c arn ati on s , w hetherc alled
Bala- Ram aorby w hatev erothern am e, w erethos eof Bu d d haan d Cri s tn a
. A f tertheequ i n ox
began i n T au ru s , they w erealli n c arn ati on s of Bu d d hau n ti lthes u n en tered A ri es , an d af terhi s
en tran c ei n toA ri es , of Cri s tn a ; an d bothw erei n c arn ati on s of Vi s hn u , orof theT ri m u rti
.
By thew ord gen erati on , u s ed abov e, Iapprehen d i s m ean tc en tu ry
.T hen i f w ead m i tthatBala-
llan taw as thei n c arn ati on , as Iam i n c li n ed tobeli ev ehew as , of thec y c len ex tbef oreCri s tn a, an d i f to
the15 0 0 w ead d 6 0 0 , hi s c y c le, thi s w ou ld bri n gu s tothey ear210 0 f rom theS u n ' s en tran c ei n to
T au ru s tohi s en tran c ei n toA ri es , f orthei n c arn ati on of hi s s u c c es s or, Cri s tn a
.
Bala- Ram ai s
c on s tan tly held , by thepres en ti gn oran tBrahm i n s , tobethes am eas Cri s tn a
. T hi s i s bec au s ehe
w as then ex tprev i ou s i n c arn ati on .
T hen earn es s of thetw o, c on n ec ted als ow i ththef ac t, that
they w erei n reali ty ren ew ed i n c arn ati on s orregen erati on s of thes am epers on , prev en ts theBrah-
m i n s f rom s eei n gthed i s ti n c ti on
. Bes i d es , hew as thes am ei n an others en s e ; hew as theS u n i n
theequ i n oc ti als i gn A ri es , an d i n thec y c leof theN eros ; bothru n n i n gatthes am eti m e, an d
c ros s i n geac hotheri n thei rprogres s . t
3.T heold s tatu es of theG od s atthef am ou s M u ttraorM atu reahav ebeen d es troy ed by the
M oham ed an s , an d then ew on es hav ebeen erec ted i n m od ern f orm , an d i n c on s equ en c ehav en o
res em blan c etothos ed es c ri bed by M egas then es , bu tataplac ec alled Bala- d ev a, abou tthi rteen
m i les f rom M u ttra, therei s av ery an c i en ts tatu e, w hi c hm i n u tely an s w ers tohi s d es c ri pti on ;
i t
w as v i s i ted s om ey ears agoby thelateLi eu t .S tew art, w hod es c ri bes i ti n thef ollow i n gw ord s
"
Bala- Ram a, orBala- d ev a, i s res pres en ted
there
w i thaplou gh- s harei n hi s lef than d , w i thw hi c h
~ ~ hehooked hi s en em i es ; an d i n hi s ri ghthan d athi c kc u d gel, w i thw hi c hhec lef tthei rs c u lls
;
C 6 hi s s hou ld ers arec ov ered w i ththes ki n of ati ger ." Captai n W i lf ord ad d s , "
H ereIs hallob-
s erv e, thattheplou ghs harei s alw ay s repres en ted v ery s m all, an d s om eti m es om i tted
; an d that
~ ~ i tlooks ex ac tly li keaharpoon w i thas tron ghookoragaf f , as i ti s u s u ally c alled by f i s herm en
.
'
T hed oc tri n eof regen erati on has been ac tu ally c arri ed totheletteri n In d i a .M on s .D ' A n c arv i lle, p
.10 2, gi v es
an ac c ou n tof aP ri n c ebei n gad m i tted totheBrahm i n c as teby bei n gpas s ed throu ghthe
bod y of agold en c ow
.T he
Brahm i n s hold thatthey arethed es c en d an ts of Brahm a, an d theCow orBeev ei s theem blem of hi m
.
BookV
.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 4

239

M y P u n d i ts i n f orm m eals o, thatBala- Ram ai s s om eti m es repres en ted w i thhi s s hou ld ers c o-
" v ered w i ththes ki n of ali on ." '
Ou rac c ou n tof S am s on an d thebon eof theA s s i s probably s om em i s u n d ers tan d i n gof thetex t,
orac orru pti on . If eelli ttled ou btthatthegaf f an d thebon ew erethes am ethi n g, w hatev erthey
w ere . 2
On m os tof theE gy pti an m on u m en ts apri es ti s s een w i thali tu u s orc ros i erof apec u li ars hape
.
T hi s Itaketohav ebeen theH i eralpha( d es c ri bed by K i rc her) an d theplou ghs harei n thehan d of
Bala- Ram a, j u s tm en ti on ed . T hi s i s c on f i rm ed by apas s ageof D i od oru s S i c u lu s res pec ti n gthe
ri tes of thepri es ts of E thi opi aan d thos eof theE gy pti an s : "
T hes ev eralc olleges of pri es ts
( they s ay ) obs erv eon ean d thes am eord eran d d i s c i pli n ei n bothn ati on s .
F or, as m an y as are
" s oc on s ec rated f ord i v i n es erv i c earew holly d ev oted topu ri ty an d reli gi on , an d i n bothc ou n tri es

ares hav en ali ke, an d arec lothed w i ththeli kes toles an d atti re, an d c arry as c eptreli keu n toa
" plou ghs hare, s u c has thei rki n gs li kew i s ebear, w i thhi gh- c row n ed c aps tu f ted atthetop,
" w reathed rou n d w i ths erpen ts c alled as ps : by w hi c hi s s eem ed tobes i gn i f i ed , thatthos ew ho

c on tri v ean y thi n gagai n s ttheli f eareas s u retod i eas i f they w eres tu n gw i ththed ead ly bi te

of an as p ." H ereIthi n ktheli tu u s , w hi c hi s s een s oof ten an d i s c alled aplou ghs hare, i s
m ean t . 3
T hi s i m ageof Bala- D ev ai s probably thatof Cri s tn a .
T heH i n d oos kn ow li ttleabou tthen am es
of thei rG od s
.Bala- D ev ai s bu ton eof then am es of Cri s tn aan d Bu d d ha
.
4
.S i rW i lli am D ru m m on d s ay s , "
Ihav ealread y obs erv ed thatG azas i gn i f i es aG oat, an d w as
" thety peof thes u n i n Capri c orn . Itw i llberem em bered thatthegates of thes u n w eref ei gn ed

by thean c i en tas tron om ers tobei n Capri c orn an d Can c er, f rom w hi c hs i gn s thetropi c s are

n am ed .
S am s on c arri ed aw ay thegates f rom
G aza to H ebron , thec i ty of c on j u n c ti on
. N ow ,
Cou n tG ebeli n tells u s thatatCad i z, w hereH erc u les w as an c i en tly w ors hi ped , therew as are-
" pres en tati on of hi m , w i thagateon hi s s hou ld ers . 4
T hes tory of S am s on an d D eli lahm ay re-
" m i n d u s of H erc u les an d Om phale .
" ' h
Lehi , lhi , aJaw bon e . Itw i llberem em bered thati n thef i rs td ec an of
Leo an A s s ' s head
w as repres en ted by theOri en tali s ts .
' n tn - i
Rm tLhi , Ram athLehi ,
m ean s thehi ghplac eof
" theJaw bon e .
" S am s on had s ev en loc ks of hai r( then u m berof theplan etary bod i es ) .
T hey ellow hai rof

A pollow as as y m bolof thes olarray s :

an d S am s on w i thhi s s hav en head m ay m ean thes u n
"
s horn of hi s beam s ." 5
Voln ey s ay s ,
" H erc u les i s theem blem of thes u n :
then am eof S am s on s i gn i f i es thes u n
:
6
"
H erc u les w as repres en ted n aked , 7 c arry i n gon hi s s hou ld ers tw oc olu m n s c alled theG ates of
" Cad i z
: S am s on i s s ai d tohav eborn eof f an d c arri ed on hi s s hou ld ers theG ates of G aza
.
H er-
c u les
c u les i s m ad epri s on erby theE gy pti an s , w how an ttos ac ri f i c ehi m :
bu tw hi lethey arepre-

pari n gtos lay hi m , hebreaks loos ean d ki lls them all .S am s on , ti ed w i thn ew ropes by the

arm ed m en of Ju d ah, i s gi v en u ptotheP hi li s ti n es , w how an ttoki llhi m

: heu n ti es theropes

an d ki lls athou s an d P hi li s ti n es w i ththeJaw bon eof an A s s

. H erc u les ( thes u n ) d eparti n gf or
the In d i es , ' ( orratherE thi opi a, ) an d c on d u c ti n ghi s arm y throu ghthed es erts of Ly bi a, f eels a
" bu rn i n gthi rs t, an d c on j u res Ihou , hi s f ather, tos u c c ou rhi m i n hi s d an ger :
i n s tan tly thec e-
les ti al
RA M appears :
H erc u les f ollow s hi m , an d arri v es ataplac ew heretheram s c rapes w i th
' A s i at.Res .Vol
.V.p
.29 4
.
'
Vi d eD r .D .Clarke' s T rav els , Vol .III
.Ch.i v .

'
B.i i i .Ch.1 .
D ru m .( E d .Ju d .p .36 1 . 5 lb .p
.36 0
. 6 In A rabi c S ham s - on m ean s T heS u n
.
7
S eeM on tf au c on , A n t .E x p .Vol .I .p . 127 .
24 0
W i lf ord on H erc u les atM u ttra .M ean i n gof theW ord H erc u les
"
hi s f oot, an d therec om es f orthas pri n gof w ater( thatof theH y ad s orE ri d an )
.I S am s on af ter
"
hav i n gki lled athou s an d P hi li s ti n es w i ththej aw bon eof an as s f eels av i olen tthi rs t
: hebe-

s eec hes theG od Ihou

totakepi ty on hi m
:
G od m akes as pri n gof w atertoi s s u ef rom the
" j aw bon eof an as s
." 2 M
.Voln ey then goes on tos hew thatthes tory of thef ox es i s c opi ed
f rom theP agan m y thology , an d w as thes u bj ec tof af es ti v ali n Lati u m
. T helabou rs of H erc u les
areallas tron om i c ally ex plai n ed by M on s
.D u pu i s i n am an n erw hi c had m i ts of n od i s pu te
. T hey
arethehi s tory of thean n u alpas s ageof thes u n throu ghthes i gn s of theZ od i ac , as m ay bes een
on theglobe, i tbei n gc orrec ted tothepropers eraan d lati tu d e
.
T hes tory of theF ox es w i ththef i re- bran d s
3 i s v i n d i c ated by Ov i d 4
- pas s ages w hi c hi m ply ,
thou ghtheau thorhi m s elf af f i rm s thec on trary , m orethan as oli tary i n s tan c eof m i s c hi ef , toj u s ti f y
agen eralan d an n u alm em ori al- an d i s f artherex plai n ed by Ly c ophron ' s A ai u arov g
: s an d S u i d as '
v oc
.y E w gi a
. T heRom an f es ti v al,
Vu lpi u m c om bu s ti o,
rec u rred abou tthem i d d leof A pri l, w hen ,
as Boc harti n hi s H i eroz
.rem arks , therew as n oharv es ti n Italy
.H en c ei tm u s thav ebeen i m -
ported f rom aw arm erc li m ate . 5
Boc hart( i n theP ref
.toH i s tor .d eA n i m al
.) s ay s , " In m em ory of S am s on ' s f ox es ,
s
therew ere
" letloos e i n
thec i rc u s atRom e
abou tthem i d d leof A pri lf ox es w i thf i rebran d s
. W hereu n toap-
pertai n s
pertai n s thatw hi c htheBoeoti an s , w hos pran gpartly f rom the
P hoen i c i an s , boas tof them s elv es ,
"
thatthey c ou ld ki n d lean y thi n gby m ean s of atorc haf f i x ed toaf ox
: an d thatof Ly c ophron , a
"
Ci li c i an , by w hom af ox i s term ed
X tx pw r8 i c , f rom i ts s hi n i n gtai l
:
or f rom atorc hbou n d to
" i ts tai l ."
T hes am eBoc harttells u s ,
" thatthegreatf i s hw hi c hs w allow ed u p Jon ah, althou gh

i tbec alled aw hale, 7

y eti tw as n otaw haleproperly s oc alled , bu tad og- f i s h, c alled Carc hari as
.

T heref orei n theG rec i an f ableH erc u les i s s ai d tohav ebeen s w allow ed u pof ad og, an d tohav e

lai n threed ay s i n hi s en trai ls .

W hi c hf ables pran gf rom thes ac red hi s tory , tou c hi n g
Jon ah
theH ebrew prophet, as i s ev i d en ttoall
." s
H es y c hi u s s ay s , thatby
Cetu s
K y 7 og, w hi c hw etran s lateW hale, w as m ean talarges hi p, i n
bu lkli keaw hale
. K v ros ,
E i s oc v rw w c
- K - ~ T i v rl w %oi ov
F tey a ai s K g7 0 g .
M r .Bry an t 9 s ay s , that
w hen A n d rom ed ai s s ai d tohav ebeen c arri ed aw ay by as ea- m on s ter, thi s w as probably on ly a
s hi p- perhaps by pi rates
.
Res pec ti n gtheH erc u les of In d i a, Captai n W i lf ord s ay s ,
"
D i od oru s S i c u lu s , s peaki n gof
" P ali bothra, af
f
i rm s thati thad been bu i ltby theIn d i an H erc u les , w ho, ac c ord i n gtoM egas then es ,
"
as qu oted by A rri an , w as w ors hi ped by theS u ras en i
. T hei rc hi ef c i ti es w ere M ethora an d

Cu s oi s oRA :
thef i rs ti s n ow c alled M u tra, ( i n S an s c ri ti ti s c alled
M at' hu ra, ) theother M u gu -
" n agu r
by theM u s s elm an s , an d
CA LIS A - P U RA by theH i n d u s
. T hew holec ou n try abou t
M u tra
"
i s c alled S u ras en a
tothi s d ay , by learn ed Brahm i n s
.
"
T heIn d i an H erc u les , ac c ord i n gtoCi c ero, w as c alled Belu s
. H ei s thes am eas BA LA , the
brotherof
CRIS H N A ,
an d botharec on j oi n tly w ors hi ped at
M u tra ; i n d eed , they arec on s i d ered

as on eA v atarori n c arn ati on of Vi s hn u .

Bala i s repres en ted as as tou tm an , w i thac lu bi n hi s
" han d
.H ei s c alled als o Balaram a .T o
d ec li n ethew ord Bala, y ou m u s tbegi n w i th' Balas , w hi c h
' Ic on c ei v etobean obs oletef orm , pres erv ed on ly f orthepu rpos eof d ec len s i on an d ety m ologi c al

d eri v ati on .
T hef i rs ta i n Bala
i s pron ou n c ed li kethef i rs t a i n A m eri c a, i n theE as tern parts

of In d i a
:
bu ti n theW es tern parts , an d i n Ben ares , i ti s pron ou n c ed ex ac tly li ketheF ren c he
' E ri d an , ri v erof A d on i s , f rom thew ord s 1 - i i ' i t
d n .

I Voln ey , Res .Vol .1 .p .35 .

' Ju d ges x v .4 , 5 .

* F as ti , IV .6 8 1, 7 0 7 .

s
Clas s .Jou r .Vol .VI.p.326 .
6 Ibi d .

7
M att.x i i .4 0 , an d by LX X . Jon ahi i .1 .

8
G ale, Cou rtG en t .B .i i i .Ch .i x .
9 A n al.Vol .IIIp
.5 5 0 .
BookV
.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 6

24 1
~ ~ i n thepron ou n s
j e, m e, & c . ; thu s thed i f f eren c ebetw een
Balas an d Belu s i s n otv ery great .
` ~ A s Bala s pru n gf rom Vi s hn u or H eri ,
hei s c ertai n ly H eri - c u la, H eri - c u las , an d H erc u les ." '
H erew es eetheBallor5 %a
Bol, of A s s y ri aan d Irelan d , theBelof S y ri aan d P hoen i c i a,
an d the
Beli n u s of G au l .
Cri s tn ai s ev i d en tly H erc u les , an d Bala- Ram ai s the
s tron g Bala . Ram ai s
theG reekP w p .- ~ .T oBelIs hallretu rn pres en tly
. 2
Its eem s herec on v en i en ttoi n qu i reali ttlef u rtheri n to
them ean i n gof thew ord H erc u les .
T hi s w ord i s ad m i tted toben ei therG reekn orLati n ;
then Ithi n kw em u s tlookf ori ttothe
Barbari an s . H ei s c alled i n theD i on y s i ac on , 3 ` H P A K A H
: 2; as tri s am i c tu s , Rex Ign i s , P ri n c eps
M u n d i , S ol, & c . H ew as c alled ( Ilearn f rom Vallan c ey ) E RE K OE LL, thati s ; 1
e=5 +n r_20 0
+n e _5 .I- 7 k=20 +y o 7 0 +ri e5 +5 l_30 - F 5 1=30 =36 5 ;
oragai n , E =5 +P _10 0 +K =20 +E =5
+A =30 +E =5 +: ~ =20 0 =36 5 ; or, as ` E P K A E 2: =36 0 .
In m y Celti c D ru i d s 4
Ihav es hew n that
thi s prac ti c eof d es c ri bi n gpers on s by letters as n u m bers w as c om m on , ( theori gi n of w hi c hIs hall
en d eav ou rtod em on s tratei n af u tu rebook, )
bothi n w ri ti n gs an d i n then u m bers of pi llars i n the
an c i en tc i rc u lartem ples , w hi c hareequ ally c om m on i n In d i a
an d E u rope- 5 Ias k, m ay n otthe
w ord H erc u les hav ebeen d eri v ed f rom H eri the s av i ou r,
an d
9
k=5 0 0 +5 1=30 +y o=7 0 =6 0 0 ,
w hi c hw as s ac red am on gtheE gy pti an s u n d erthes hapeof ac at, an d w hi c h,
i n thei rlan gu age, had
thi s n am e? T hei rc atm u m m i es m ay bes een i n theBri ti s hM u s eu m
.T hen hew ou ld bethes a-
v i ou rof theN eros orthe> = M em
f i n alof Is ai ah, theX of P lato . By an d by w es hallf i n d s ev eral
otherex am ples of G od s w hos en am es had them ean i n gof m orethan on ec y c le .
6
A s H erc u les w as
c alled H eri - c u les s o M erc u ry w as c alled M er- c oles , or M er- c oli s . T he M erI
d on otu n d ers tan d ; the c obs i s the c lo of the Chald ees - theCali
of In d i a, an d the Coll
or
Cal
of
Irelan d . Col .W i lf ord s peaks of aG od c alled
H araj aor
H ara- eu la .v
H ereH eri thes av i ou ran d
theG od le
arei d en ti f i ed w i thH erc u les orCri s tn a .s
T hew ord H eri
i n S an s c ri tm ean s s hepherd as w ellas s av i ou r . Cri s tn ai s c alled H eri , an d Jes u s
i s alw ay s c alled S hepherd . H ei s thelead erof thef ollow ers of theLam b . H ei s thegood
s hepherd , as w as als oCri s tn a . In Irelan d as hepherd i s c alled S heepheri ,
ors heep- ai re . S eeG en .
' A s i at .Res .VolV
.p
.27 0
.
Q
Bry an ts ay s , them os tc on s i d erablem i s s i on i n M ad u rai s c alled A ou r
( 1 i
4 u r) atthi s d ay .( T rav els of Jes u i ts by
Loc km an , Vol .I .p . 4 7 0 .) N eari tareac i ty an d theri v erBalas ore . Bali s theChald ean an d S y ri an D ei ty , w ellkn ow n .
A n al .Vol .III .p .20 7
.
3 Li b .x l . p .6 8 3 .

Ch .v i .S ec t .x x v p.24 5 , an d A ppen d i x , p .30 9 .

s
Vi d eon eof theM eton i c c y c leplates , f i g
.11 .
A llow an c em u s tbem ad ef or on e
s ton eev i d en tly broken i n to i w o.
A v ery c u ri ou s ac c ou n tof ac i rc u lartem ple
u n d eratu m u lu s i n theprov i n c eof Coi m batoor, i s gi v en by m y parti c u larf ri en d , thelearn ed P s y c hologi s t, S i rA n thon y
Carli s le, i n thetw en ty - f i rs tv olu m eof theT ran s ac ti on s of theS oc i ety of A n ti qu ari es . H es ay s , " T hes em ou n d s oc c u r
n u m erou s ly i n theprov i n c eof Coi m batoor ; they areeac hi n v ari ably d en oted by ac i rc leof ru d es ton es orm as s es of
` roc k, thed i am eterof thelargerareas bei n gof ten as m u c has on ehu n d red f eet .In on eex am ple, thec i rc lew as
f orm ed by u pri ghtf latobeli s ks , av eragi n gs i x teen f eeti n hei ght, ru d e, an d w i thou ti m pres s i on of tools . In the
" c en treof eac hm ou n d am as s i v etableof u n hew n s ton ef orm s theroof orc ov er
tof ou rc ham bers , thes i d es an d s epta
` bei n gof thes am eru d e, u n w orked s ton e, an d m orti c es w i thten on s apparen tly grou n d
ou tby tri tu rati on , s erv etof i x
` theroof u pon thew alls
. On e of thes eroof s c on tai n ed u pw ard s of threehu n d red c u bi c f eetof G ran i te, an d bei n g
` i m m ov eableas aw hole, i tw as d i v i d ed i n tof ou requ ald i v i s i on s by s ton e- c u tters , i n ord ertoex pos ethes u bj ac en t
" rec es s es , orc ham bers ."
T hi s i s , i n reali ty , alm os tan ex ac td es c ri pti on of thetem plean d tu m u lu s atN ew G ran ge,
i n Irelan d , an d i ts c i rc leof pi llars d es c ri bed i n m y Celti c D ru i d s
.
6 If i tbes ai d Ihav ehereplac ed af i n al
Caph atthe
begi n n i n gof aw ord , Ij u s ti f y m y s elf by theex am pleof theM em
f i n ali n Is ai ah, an d by the
M i E Oi n theG os pelof theIn f an c y
.
7
A s i at.Res .Vol.VI .p .5 14
.
a
In an an c i en ti n s c ri pti on atD elphi D r
.Clarkef ou n d thew ord ` H P A K A E IOT . Ib .p .19 6
.A tthef ootof Oly m pu s
w as atow n c alled H erac lea
. Ib .30 1 .
24 2

H erc u les Blac k- Cri s tn ai n E gy pt

Vallan c ey , Ou s eley ' s Col .Ori en
.p
.315 , w hereheprov es thatthery ots of In d i aw erekn ow n i n
Irelan d , an d w eretheA ra- Cotti i f am ed f or
li n en geerof
D i on y s i u s .
In thi s c as etherew i llbetw oori gi n s f orthen am eof H erc u les ;
an d thi s i s c ertai n ly m y s ti c al
en ou gh .Bu ti tm u s tberec ollec ted thatw earen ow i n thec en tre
of thelan d of m y s tery .Cri s tn a
i s c on s tan tly c alled H eri - Cri s tn a : thi s i s the blac k .
Bu ti tm ay betheben ef i c en torgood s av i ou r,
orgood H eri ; f orCri s tn am ay c om ef rom s om eold w ord , w hen c ec am etheG reekw ord
X o
~ S oS
bon u s . H ew as c alled Creec hn ai n Irelan d .Ihav eprov ed thatallthev ery an c i en tlan gu ages are
thes am e, m ered i alec ts , an d Iw i lln otbef ettered i n m y s earc haf tertru thei therby on elan gu age
oran other.T heu ti li ty of m y en d eav ou rf i rs ttoprov ethei d en ti ty of thean c i en ts y s tem s of letters
an d lan gu ageIhopei s obv i ou s
.Iti s n om oreli kely thatthe blac k
H i n d oos s hou ld c allthei rG od
the blac k S av i ou rorH eri , than i ti s thatthe
w hi te F ren c hs hou ld c allH en ry Qu atrethei r
w hi te
H en ry ; bu ti ti s as n atu ralf orthem toc allhi m the
good S av i ou r,
as f ortheF ren c htoc allthei r
ki n gthei r good H en ry .
Iti s c ertai n thati n S an s c ri t c ri s m ean s blac k,
an d i n old G reekX o7 1S
m ean s good ; hem ay , theref ore, hav ebeen n am ed f rom bothw ord s .On thes u bj ec tof thew ord
, Yo' 1S Is hallhav em u c htos ay hereaf ter
.
A rri an s ay s , on theau thori ty of M egas then es , thattheIn d i an H erc u les had thes am ehabi tas
theT heban H erc u les , an d thathehad an on ly d au ghterc alled P an d aea
.' T hi s w as prec i s ely the
s am en am eas thatw hi c hw as gi v en totheon ly d au ghter of Cri s tn a, tow hom belef tam i ghty em -
pi re.- theP an d w an ki n gd om
.
6
.In ad d i ti on toalltheotherc i rc u m s tan c es of i d en ti ty betw een Cri s tn aan d H erc u les , i s the
f ac tthatthey w ereboth blac ks
. Of H erc u les , H om er, i n w hatN i m rod c alls hi s gen u i n ev ers es ,
thu s s peaks
:
- l8 ' epepc v r
YLK T { y
r
y
ou K w s
rv u v ov T o5 ov ex w v x aLell! v ev pr( pw of S - ov .
BLA CK hes tood as n i ght,
H i s bow u n c as ed , hi s arrow s tru n gf orf li ght
.2
In B . i v .c h .i .S ec t
.13, Ihav es hew n , f rom M r
.Bry an t, thatthelas ts y llablei n thew ord M a-
tu rea, v i z .re,
m ean tthes u n .T hef i rs ts y llable, Is u s pec t, w as theH ebrew
ri M n m te, w hi c hm ean t
ares ti n g- plac e, ac ou c h, abed , as of aors opha, ( thati s , as theRew as aray of thes u n w hi c hw as
W i s d om , ) ors oph- i aorplac eof w i s d om , - ares ti n g- plac eof d i v i n ew i s d om - - aD i v an , thati s ,
D ev a- an aorholy plac e, w here, i n theA s i ati c c ou rts , i s theS ophaon w hi c htheki n grepos es to
ad m i n i s terj u s ti c e .F rom thes am ei d eaIhav en od ou bti tw as , thattheki n gs of theF ran ks , ( or
as , i n af u tu repage, Is hallprov ethem , ) theki n gs of theS ac m orS ax on s , had thei rBed s
of Ju s -
ti c e
.In theM atu reaof In d i a, Cri s tn as pen thi s y ou th, af tertaki n gref u getheref rom thety ran t
w hos trov etod es troy hi m .A n d i n theM atu reaof E gy pt, Jes u s Chri s ti s s ai d , as w ehav ebef ore
s hew n , tohav es pen thi s y ou th, af terhetookref u getheref rom thety ran tH erod .
M r
.M au ri c ehas poi n ted ou tapas s ageof E u s ebi u s f rom w hi c hi ts eem s probablethatthe
Cri s tn ai n E gy ptw as w ellkn ow n i n hi s ti m e
.H es ay s , " T hatatE lephan ti n athey ad ored an -
otherd ei ty i n thef i gu reof am an , i n as i tti n gpos tu re, pai n ted blu e, hav i n gthehead of aRam
" w i ththehorn s of aG oaten c i rc li n gad i s k .T hed ei ty thu s d es c ri bed i s plai n ly of as tron om i c al
' A rr .H i s t .In d .c h . v i i i . ; Creu zer, Vol.II .c h .v .p .19 0 .
2
N i m rod , Vol .I .p .19 , S u p . ed .N i m rod i s then am egi v en by av ery learn ed d ev oteetoan an on y m ou s w ork i n
threev olu m es oc tav o, pu bli s hed by P ri es tley , H olborn .T hef i rs tv olu m ew as s u ppres s ed , an d then repu bli s hed .T he
w orkabou n d s w i ththem os tprof ou n d G reeklearn i n g, bu tf alls s hort, i n m an y plac es , i n c on s equ en c e of i ts i n gen i ou s
au thor, m os tu n f ortu n ately , n otu n d ers tan d i n gtheOri en tallan gu ages .
BookV.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 6 .

24 3
ori gi n , d en oti n g the pow erof thes u n i n A ri es . Iti s , how ev er, ex c eed i n gly rem arkablethat
" P oc oc keac tu ally f ou n d , an d on hi s 4 8 thplatehas en grav ed , an an ti qu ec olos s als tatu eof am an ,
" s i tti n gi n thef ron tof thi s tem plew i thhi s arm s f old ed bef orehi m , an d beari n gi n hi s han d a
" v ery s i n gu larki n d of Li tu u s orc ros i er ." ' Ithi n ktherec an behard ly an y d ou btthatthef i gu re
d es c ri bed by E u s ebi u s w as thatof Cri s tn aorBu d d ha
.
T herew as ac i ty i n E gy ptc alled H era-
c leopoli s
.
Itd oes n otappeartom etobem ores u rpri s i n gthattheres hou ld betw oM atu reas , on ei n In d i a
an d on ei n E gy pt, than thattheres hou ld betw oi s lan d s of E lephan tai n w hi c hthes tatu es of
Cri s tn as hou ld bef ou n d , on en earBom bay , w herethef am ou s c av ern i s s een , an d on ei n U pper
E gy pt .E v ery on ekn ow s thef ac tof ou rS eapoy s d i s c ov eri n gthei rf av ou ri teG od Cri s tn a, w hen
they arri v ed i n E gy pt, d u ri n gthelas tw ar, an d w hi c h, v ery n atu rally , they i m m ed i ately f ellto
w ors hi pi n g . T hi s alon eaton c eprov es thef allac y of allthed ed u c ti on s w hi c hared raw n f rom the
as tron om i c alc alc u lati on s an d reas on i n gs of M r .Ben tley , on w hi c hIw i lln ow m akes om eobs erv a-
ti on s , an d m ay s erv etos pew how li ttletheabs tru s ean d c om pli c ated c hai n s of reas on i n gu s ed by
hi m c an i n an y c as ebed epen d ed on . T hef ac tof theG od Cri s tn abei n gf ou n d i n theru i n s of the
old tem ples atT hebes i n E gy ptof i ts elf s ettles thequ es ti on of i ts an ti qu i ty , f ori tc ou ld n otbe
pu tthereaf terthebi rthof Chri s t
.
2
W ehav es een abov ethatthes tri ki n gs i m i lari ty betw een thev u lgarly - rec ei v ed Jes u s of N aza-
rethan d H erc u les c an n otbed en i ed by thelearn ed an d orthod ox P arkhu rs t, an d w ehav eals os een
them od ei n w hi c hheac c ou n ts f ori t . Ihav ef ai rly s tated thef ac ts f orthec on s i d erati on of m y
read er, w hom u s ts eeaton c ethati f theex plan ati on of P arkhu rs tbes ati s f ac tory f orH erc u les , the
s am eex plan ati on w i lls erv ef orCri s tn a
.
In an hon es ti n qu i ry i n tothes u pers ti ti on s of thew orld ,
Ic ou ld n otc on c ealthec i rc u m s tan c es relati n gtoCri s tn a ; an d therearem an y others , w hi c hI
s halls tate
. Of c ou rs eIc an n otc on d em n an y on ef orbei n gs ati s f i ed w i thM r
.P arkhu rs t' s j u d g-
m en t . T hati ti s n ots ati s f ac tory tom e, m ay beread i ly ac c ou n ted f orf rom an opi n i on w hi c hI
en tertai n , that Ic an an d s hall ac c ou n tf orthef ac ts i n av ery d i f f eren tan d m ores ati s f ac tory m an -
n er, w hen Ic om etothatpartof m y w orkw hereIs hallu n d ertaketoprov ethatapers on u s u ally
c alled Jes u s Chri s td i d li v e, an d thatthed oc tri n es w hi c hhetau ghtw eretru e .
Im u s tbegm y
read ertorec ollec tthati n thi s w orkIam n otw ri ti n gf orthei gn oran t, n ortograti f y thepas s i on s
of an y c las s , bu tthati ti s theobj ec tof m y w orktod ev elopan d u n v ei lthes ec rethi s tory of the
an c i en tw orld , w hi c hoperates i n f lu en ti ally u pon u s
;
thati ti s m ean tf orlegi s lators an d phi los o-
phers , toen ablethem thebettertod eterm i n ew hati s them os tex ped i en tc ou rs ef orthem topu r-
s u ef orthegood of thei rf ellow - c reatu res
.
In d .A n t .Vol .III .p.211 .
Y
In on eof theplates of m y Celti c D ru i d s of arou n d tow eri n S c otlan d , thec ru c i f i ed S av i ou rhas alam bon on e
s i d e, an d an E LE P H A N T on theother
.H ow c am ean elephan ttobethu s f ou n d i n S c otlan d ?
24 4
M r
.Ben tley - P lay f ai r' s Rec an tati on - Ved as
CH A P T E RVII
M r
.Ben tley - P lay f ai r' s Rec an tati on - Ved as - F orgeri es - Colebrookeon the
F orgeri es - Obs erv ati on s on apas s agei n theCelti c D ru i d s - M r
.Ben tley ' s Re-
c an tati on toD r .M ars ham .
1 . S IN CE
Bai lly , P lay f ai r, an d theotherlearn ed m en hav ebeen d ead , as m i ghtbeex pec ted ,
ren ew ed attem pts hav ebeen m ad etos hew thattheBrahm i n s ' as tron om i c altables aren otthe
prod u c eof ac tu alobs erv ati on , bu tac om bi n ati on of bac krec kon i n gs an d f orgeri es
.T hegen tlem an
of then am eof Ben tley , of w hom Ihav ebef ores poken , has , by m ean s of them os td eeply -
learn ed an d prof ou n d c alc u lati on s , pu bli s hed i n theA s i ati c Res earc hes , en d eav ou red tos pew that
thehi s tory of Cri s tn aw as i n v en ted i n they earaf terChri s t6 0 0 , an d thattheti m eof thes tory
w as lai d abou tthebi rthof Chri s t
.
T heobj ec tof thi s i n v en ti on he, i n hi s f i rs tes s ay s , s ay s , w as
toprev en tthepropagati on of theChri s ti an reli gi on i n In d i a, by ac olon y w hi c harri v ed f rom the
W es tabou tthatti m e ;
an d i n hi s latteres s ay s hes ay s , theobj ec tw as tod ec ei v eM oham ed
A kbari n the16 thc en tu ry i n toabeli ef thatthey w eretheold es tof n ati on s
.
In thes ees s ay s , am os ti n f lated an d ex aggerated ac c ou n thas been gi v en by hi m , of thef orgeri es
of theH i n d oow ri ti n gs
: i n an s w ertow hi c hIbegleav etoref ertos om eobs erv ati on s lon gbef ore
w ri tten by M r
..Colebrooke, i n theA s i ati c Res earc hes , ' w herehegi v es m os tc on v i n c i n greas on s
w hy thec hi ef partof theH i n d oow ri ti n gs c an n othav ebeen f orged orm ateri ally i n terpolated
.A s
hej u s tly obs erv es , i tw ou ld beas f ai rtoc on c lu d ethatallE u ropean books w eref orged , bec au s e
therehav ebeen f orgeri es i n E u rope, as i ti s , bec au s etherehav ebeen f orgeri es i n In d i a, toc on c lu d e
thes am ethi n gof them . H i s argu m en treally s hew s , thati tw ou ld bej u s tas eas y tof orgethe
gos pels atthi s d ay , as i tm u s thav ebeen tof orgetheVed as
; 2 an d thei m pos s i bi li ty of thef orm er
n eed n otbepoi n ted ou t .
2
.T heVed as of theBrahm i n s hav ehi thertobeen atten d ed w i ths ev erald i f f i c u lti es
. A c c ord i n g
totherec ei v ed BRA H M IN
trad i ti on , they w ereori gi n ally , af terbei n grev ealed by Brahm a, tran s -
m i tted by ORA LT RA D IT ION
totheti m eof Vy as a, w hoc ollec ted them an d arran ged them j n to
books
. A n d thi s Vy as a, w hi c hw ord i ti s s ai d m ean s
c om pi ler, , has been thou ghttobem erely an
epoc hi n thehi s tory of theli teratu reof In d i a . 3
T hen u m berof theVed as i s als oam atterof d i s -
pu te ;
s om em aki n gthem i n n u m beron ly three, s om ef ou r, an d s om ead d tothem thec ollec ti on
of books c alled theP ou ran as , of w hi c hthey m akeaf i f thVed a . F rom thes ec i rc u m s tan c es i t
s eem s probablethattheBrahm i n Ved as w eref i rs tc ollec ted orrem od elled , af terthegreatd i v i s i on
betw een thef ollow ers of Bu d d haan d Cri s tn a . T hey ares ai d toc on tai n i n tern alev i d en c eof bei n g
c om pos ed atd i f f eren tti m es .
T heP ou ran as areei ghteen i n n u m ber ; they areals othew orkof
Vy as a
. E ac hhas aparti c u laran d c harac teri s ti c n am e . F ori n s tan c e, on eof thelotu s , an otherof
theeggof thew orld , an d the LA S T
i s thatof Cri s tn a, c alled Bhagav ad - Baga- v ed a .
N ow i thas
been obs erv ed thattheBrahm i n s ad m i tthatBu d d haw as then i n thA v atar ; then w hati s the
reas on thathehas n oP ou ran a
? Bu tatthes am eti m ethattheBrahm i n s ad m i thi m tohav ebeen
an i n c arn ati on orA v atar, they s ay hew as an i m pos tor, thathew as ev ery thi n gthati s bad , an d
' Vol.VIII .pp .4 8 4 - 4 8 8 .
Y
Ithas been s ai d thatM r .P lay f ai rc han ged hi s opi n i on bef ore, hed i ed res pec ti n gthean ti qu i ty of theH i n d ootables
.
Ihav em ad ethem os tc aref u li n qu i ry of hi s f ri en d s , an d hav ereas on tobeli ev ethi s tobef als e .
3 Creu zer, Li v .I
.p
.6 7 1 .
BookV.ChapterVII .S ec ti on 2

24 5
thatheli v ed m an y ages af terCri s tn a
.l T hi s appearan c eof c on trad i c ti on Is hallex plai n by
an d by .
In w i s hi n gtoc on d em n thew holeof theH i n d oow ri ti n gs , bec au s ethereare, as hes ay s , c orru p-
ti on s i n them , M r
.Ben tley d oes n otperc ei v etheblow w hi c hhei s s tri ki n gatthegos pelhi s tori es ,
w hi c hc on tai n 30 , 0 0 0 v ari ou s read i n gs , half of w hi c hm u s tbec orru pti on s . H eals oi n s tan c es the
propheti c s ty leof theH i n d oow ri ti n gs as am arkof c orru pti on
. In thes ec as es i ti s f requ en tly n o
s u c hthi n g, n otev en i f apers on bed es i gn ated by n am e, as thepers on s , v i z .theBu d d has , the
Bali s , & c
., w ereallthes am e- re- i n c arn ati on s , regen erati on s of thes am ebei n g, an d of ten c alled
by thes am en am e . Iad m i tthatm an y c orru pti on s an d i n terpolati on s hav etaken plac e ; bu tI
m ai n tai n thati f thes eares u f f i c i en ttoc on d em n theVed as , thegos pels als om u s tbec on d em n ed ,
f orthey c on tai n v ari ou s read i n gs orc orru pti on s , s om eof them of VIT A L c on s equ en c etothereli -
gi on
. Bu ti ti s n otj u s ttoi n f erof ei ther, thatthey aren otgen u i n e, bec au s ethepri es ts hav ec or-
ru pted them .
Iti s pretty c learthati n ord ertogetov ertheabs olu tei d en ti ty of thehi s tory of Chri s tan d
Cri s tn a, m an y attem pts w i llbem ad etos hew , thatthes tory of Cri s tn ai s an i n terpolati on i n the
H i n d oobooks , thou ghthey aream on gtheold es tof thei rrec ord s
. M r.Colebrookeobs erv es , that
" thef orm erof thes e( thes tory of Cri s tn a) i s i n s erted i n allthec ollec ti on s of theU pan i s had s
~ ~ w hi c h" hehas " s een ." 2 D r .P ri tc hard 3 ad m i ts , thatthehi s tory of Cri s tn a, & c ., aretobe
f ou n d i n allthec av es of E llora, E lephan ta, & c
., w hi c harekn ow n tobetheold es t, as hes ay s , by
thei r
f latroof s , & c . M r.Colebrookeallow s , thatthef orm u las attac hed totheVed as f orad j u s ti n g
theperi od s f orc elebrati n gthereli gi ou s f es ti v als , Q w ereev i d en tly f orm ed i n thei n f an c y of as tro-
n om i c al n om i c alkn ow led ge : " hen c ehei n f ers thatthey w erew ri tten abou t20 0 y ears af tertheP en ta-
teu c h.teu c h . Bu tthef ai ri n f eren c ei s , thatas theVed as , an d thec av es , an d theas tron om i c alobs erv a-
ti on s , an d thef orm u lae, areallc los ely i n terw ov en w i ththehi s tory of Cri s tn a- thathi s tory i s of
thes am eearly d ate, an d thef orm u laeatleas tequ ally an c i en t . H ow ev er, as D r .P ri tc hard allow s
thatthef orm u laearem u c hold erthan Chri s t, i ti s ev i d en tthatthey c an n othav ebeen w ri tten to
s erv ean y pu rpos ei n an y w ay c on n ec ted w i thChri s ti an i ty .
Bu tthes tori es related of Cri s tn aarem os tc learly n oi n terpolati on ; they arei n ti m ately blen d ed
w i th, they are, i n f ac t, thegrou n d - w ork, of thew holes y s tem . T hes y s tem of theBrahm i n s c an -
n otex i s tw i thou tthem . Bes i d es , w hati s tobes ai d of thes c u lptu res i n thec av es ? A rethey
i n terpolati on s too ? W hat, of thetrem en d ou s f i gu red es troy i n gthei n f an t
bay s ? W hat, of the
c ros s - s haped tem plei n thec i ty of M athu ra, allow ed by M r
.M au ri c etohav ebeen on c ethec api tal
of agreatem pi re
? 4
T hi s i s m os tc ertai n ly prov ed by A rri an tohav ebeen i n ex i s ten c ei n the
ti m eof A lex an d er . W as thi s bu i lttos u pporttheapoc ry phalgos pelhi s tory ? T heA pri lf es ti v al,
i n Bri tai n an d In d i a, w as i tf ou n d ed f orthes am epu rpos e ;
orthes tatu eof H erc u les an d S am s on
s ti llrem ai n i n gatRam a- d ev a ? M r.M au ri c eac kn ow led ges thattheE v an geli s ts m u s thav ec opi ed
f rom theP u ran as , ortheBrahm i n s f rom theE v an geli s ts . 5 T heread erhas s een thereply of M r .
M au ri c egi v en i n hi s A n ti qu i ti es , an d m u s tj u d gef orhi m s elf . T herei s n othi n gi n M r
.M au ri c e' s
pam phlets bu tam ererepeti ti on . Bu ti n hi s pam phlets Id on otperc ei v ethathem akes as i n gle
obs erv ati on on thes u bj ec tof thef i gu res i n thec av es
. T hi s i s pru d en t ; bu ti ts ettles the
qu es ti on .
' D r .Colli erobs erv es , thatthegen u i n en es s of theVed as i s prov ed by M r
.W ard bey on d d i s pu te .( W ard ' s A c c ou n t
of H i n d oos , 4 to.ed i t .S eram pore
.) By thi s theD oc tord oes n otm ean prov ed tobef reef rom m od ern i n terpolati on ,
bu tthatthey aretherealVed as .
r
Vi d eA s i at .Res . Vol.VIII .p
.4 9 4 .

3
A n al.E gy pt.M y thol . p .26 1 .
4
M au r.Bram .F rau d E x p .

s
Ibi d . p .8 1 .
24 6

F orgeri es
W hen thes m alln u m berof theChri s ti an s , i n c om pari s on w i ththei m m en s en u m berof H i n d oos
s pread ov erallIn d i a, an d u s i n gagreatv ari ety of d i alec ts , i s c on s i d ered , i ts eem s perf ec tly i n c re-
d i ble, thatthes y s tem of f rau d s u ppos ed by M r
.Ben tley c an hav etaken plac e
; thatf orthi s
obj ec tthef i gu res i n thetem ples s hou ld hav ebeen c u tou tof theroc k, orthec av es ex c av ated , or
thetem ples them s elv es erec ted
.M r .Ben tley ' s ef f ec ti s ou tof allproporti on toi ts c au s e .
Cri s tn a, hi s s tatu es , tem ples , an d books , & c
., res pec ti n ghi m , aretobef ou n d w hereaChri s ti an
n ev erc am e .Is i tn otabs u rd tos u ppos ethatallaton c etheBrahm i n s c ou ld i n v en tthes tory of
Cri s tn a, an d m akei td ov etai li n toallthei rothers u pers ti ti on s - m akehi m f orm an i n tegralpart
of thei rc u ri ou s T ri n i ty , theac tu alT ri n i ty of an c i en tP ers i aan d of P lato- m akehi m als oex ac tly
f i ti n tothetheologi c ali n f eren c es of them od ern Chri s ti an s res pec ti n gthem ean i n gof thef i rs t
c hapters of G en es i s - m akehi s s tory ex ac tly agreew i ththeorthod ox m as s ac reof thei n n oc en ts -
an d , f i n ally , m akeallthi s berec ei v ed as an an c i en td oc tri n ean d arti c leof f ai th, by m i lli on s of
peoplew hom u s thav ekn ow n v ery w ellthati tw as allperf ec tly n ew tothem , an d thatthey had
n ev erheard of i tbef ore! 1Bes i d es , i ti s n oton ly thei m m ac u latec on c epti on an d c ru c i f i x i on of
Cri s tn aw hi c hm u s thav ebeen i n v en ted tos erv eM r
.Ben tley ' s pu rpos e
; thec ru c i f i x i on of the
G od In d rai n N epau l
; i n f ac t, thei m m ac u latec on c epti on , c ru c i f i x i on , an d res u rrec ti on of Bu d d ha,
i n N epau lan d T i bet, equ ally w i ththereli gi on of theS am an aean s of Clem en s A lex an d ri n u s , 2an d
of theBu d d haof P orphy ry an d Jerom , born f rom thes i d eof hi s m other, m u s thav ebeen i n v en ted
.
Yes , allthes ethi n gs m u s thav ebeen f orged
.
3 .T hef orgeri es of theearly Chri s ti an s ares on u m erou s as tobealm os ti n c red i ble
; bu tthey
bearn oproporti on tow hat, i f w earetobeli ev eM r
.Ben tley , has been taki n gplac ei n In d i ai n
m od ern ti m es .In thehi s tory of Bu d d ha, as w ellas of Cri s tn a, aretobef ou n d m an y of thes tori es
w hi c hares u ppos ed tobef orged
; s othattw os ec ts hati n gon ean other, an d n othold i n gtheleas t
c om m u n i c ati on , m u s thav ec on s pi red ov erallthei m m en s eterri tori es eas tof theIn d u s , tod es troy
an d torew ri teev ery old w ork, totheam ou n talm os tof m i lli on s
; an d s oc om pletely hav ethey
s u c c eed ed , thatallou rm i s s i on ari es hav en ot, i n an y of thec ou n tri es w heretheBrahm i n s areto
bef ou n d , ori n w hi c hthereareon ly Bu d d hi s ts , been abletod i s c ov eras i n glec opy of an y of the
w orks u n c orru pted w i ththehi s tory of Cri s tn a
.Bu d d hai s allow ed by M r
.Ben tley tohav ebeen
lon gprev i ou s toCri s tn a, an d hei s ev i d en tly thes am eas Cri s tn a, w hi c hc an on ly ari s ef rom hi s
bei n gthes u n i n an earli erperi od .T hi s i d en ti ty w i thM erc u ry an d W od en , theBu d v ard ay , the
M ai am otherof M erc u ry an d Bu d d ha, theM atu reai n In d i aan d E gy pt, thetw oE lephan tas w i th
thei rCri s tn as , an d thed es troy i n gty ran tof thegos pelhi s tory i n thatof theE as tern , theS am a-
n ean s of Clem en s A lex an d ri n u s , an d m an y otherc i rc u m s tan c es , u n i tetoprov ethats om ethi n g
m u s tbew ron gi n thepri n c i pleof M r
.Ben tley ' s v ery learn ed an d abs tru s ec alc u lati on s
.A s I
hav es ai d bef ore, thef ac tof Cri s tn abei n gf ou n d i n E gy ptby thes eapoy s of i ts elf d ec i d es the
qu es ti on
.Iti s of i m portan c etoobs erv e, thatby f arthegreates tpartof thew ri ti n gs s tated by
M r
.Ben tley tobef orgeri es , hav eli ttleorn orelati on toreli gi on
.T hos ethathav e, aref i lled w i th
s tori es of i m m en s ely elon gated c y c les an d c om pli c ati on , f orthes ake, perhaps , of s ec rec y
; or,
perhaps , as ou rpri es ts s ay , toprod u c eas ton i s hm en ti n them i n d s of w eakan d i gn oran tpers on s ,
an d f orthegrati f i c ati on of thes i lly v an i ty of bei n gthou ghtthem os tan c i en tof n ati on s
.T hat
thi s has c au s ed thead opti on of thei rold c y c les , w hi c hi s d on eby m erely ad d i n gaf ew c i phers ,
' S eeBu c ki n gham ' s Ori en talH erald
.
s Clem en s ( Li b
.i .p .30 5 ) s ay s , thattheIn d i an G y m n os ophi s ts c on s i s ted of tw os ec ts , theS arm an aean d the
Brac hm an es
; thatthereareals os om ei n In d i aw hof ollow ed thed oc tri n es of Bu ttae
.H es ay s H ellen i c u s w ri tes , that
thereareH y perborean s bey on d theRi phi ean m ou n tai n s , w hoeatn of les h, bu tli v eon f ru i ts , & c
.A gai n , ( p .4 5 1, ) he
s ay s , thattheBrac km en s n ei thereatf les hn ord ri n kw i n e
.
BookV
.ChapterI' ll
.S ec ti on 4
24 7
m ay , how ev eru n li kely , betru e . Bu tthi s w i lln otac c ou n tf orthed es tru c ti on of theold w orks
i n allthed i alec ts s poken by v ari ou s s ec ts ov erallthec ou n tri es eas tof theIn d u s , w hi c hex i s ted
bef oreac ertai n peri od , an d them an u f ac tu reof alm os ti n n u m erablen ew w orks ,
f ortheu s eof all
thes e
d i f f eren t
an d hos ti les ec ts
.
4 .Ithas been obs erv ed by M r
.Colebrookethattheobs erv ati on s of H i n d ooas tron om ers w ereev er
ex trem ely c oars ean d i m perf ec t, an d thei rprac ti c ev ery i n f eri ortothei rtheory of as tron om y
. A n
i m prov ed theory , orthehi n tof i t, w as borrow ed f rom theW es t :
bu tthey d i d n otlearn tom ake
c orrec tobs erv ati on s .T hey w erec on ten t, i n prac ti c e, w i tharu d eapprox i m ati on
A gai n M r .
C .s ay s , " W earen ottotry thei rru les by thetes tof thei ragreem en tw i thac c u rateobs erv ati on s
atan y as s i gn ablem om en t, an d then c ec on c lu d ethattheru lean d i ts c orrec tappli c ati on are
" c on tem poran eou s
.T hi s has alw ay s been thepoi n tati s s u ebetw een M r
.Ben tley an d m e
. H e
m en ti on ed , i n hi s f i rs tes s ay , thattheageof aH i n d u as tron om i c altreati s ec an bes od eterm i n ed
"
w i thprec i s i on
: Ihav ealw ay s c on ten d ed thatthei rprac ti c alas tron om y has been tooloos ean d
" i m perf ec tf ortheappli c ati on of thattes t, ex c eptas an approx i m ati on .In
on ei n s tan c e, by the
" ri gorou s u s eof hi s tes thew ou ld hav ehad topron ou n c ethatthew orku n d erex am i n ati on i s of
" an agey ettoc om e( 14 5 4 y ears af terA
.D
.17 9 9 ) .' T oav oi d s om on s trou s an abs u rd i ty li e
`
rej ec ted thi s c as e, an d d ed u c ed am ean f rom theotherres u lts , v ary i n gf rom 34 0 to110 5 y ears "
2
Bu tIthi n ktheex am pleof thef allac i es tow hi c hM r
.Ben tley ' s m od eof argu m en ti s li able, w hi c h
thed ed u c ti on of M r .Colebrookei n thi s c as ehas s hew n , i s qu i tes u f f i c i en ttoprov ethatM r
.
Ben tley ' s c on c lu s i on s c an n oton an y ac c ou n tbeperm i tted tow ei ghagai n s tallthef ac ts an d
pow erf u lreas on s w hi c hhav ebeen gi v en
. In d eed , M r
.Colebrooke' s obs erv ati on s eem s tom eat
on c eto prov e thef allac y of hi s ru le, n otw i ths tan d i n gthati thas been ad m i tted by s om ev ery
em i n en tas tron om ers .
Res pec ti n gthem an u s c ri pts of In d i a, them i s s i on ary D r .Bu c han an s ay s ,
3
"
T hegreaterpart
" of Ben gal m an u s c ri pts , ow i n gtothebad n es s of thepaper, requ i retobec opi ed atleas ton c ei n
ten y ears , as they w i lli n thatc li m atepres erv en olon ger :
an d ev ery c opi es t, i ti s tobes u s -
pec ted , ad d s toold books w hatev erd i s c ov eri es hem akes , reli n qu i s hi n ghi s i m m ed i aterepu tati on
" f orlearn i n g, i n ord ertoprom otethegran d an d prof i tableem ploy m en t of
hi s s ec t, thed elu s i on
" of them u lti tu d e ." Oras heprobably w ou ld s ay , ( i n f ac tas allpri es ts
w ou ld s ay , ) theen li ght-
en i n gof them u lti tu d e
. Ikn ow n oreas on w hy theD oc tors hou ld begu i lty of an y d ec ei there
bu ti f hes tatethef ac tf ai rly w es eehow c om pletely hej u s ti f i es w hatM r
.Colebrookehas s ai d
res pec ti n gthec orrec ti on s of thean c i en tas tron om i c alw orks by them od ern s
; an d thu s en ti rely
ov erthrow s M r.Ben tley ' s s pec i ou s reas on i n gs , f rom thec orrec tn es s of theas tron om i c alobs erv a-
ti on s . T hef ac theres tated aton c eac c ou n ts f orn oold m an u s c ri pts bei n gf ou n d u n c orrec ted
.
N om an w ou ld ren ew ac opy ex c eptf rom thelas tv ers i on .
M r .Colebrookes eem s toc on s i d erthead orati on of Cri s tn aas H ero- w ors hi p
; thes am eof M en u .
T hi s i s agreatm i s take .
T hey arebothpers on i f i c ati on s ori n c arn ati on s , li keBu d d ha, of D i v i n e
W i s d om - f rom thelatterof w hi c hc am etheH ebrew
ri
n h,
theG reekN oog, an d theLati n
H en s ,
as Ihav ebef ores hew n . Ihav en od ou btthattheBu d d hi s ts an d Brahm i n s c on s ti tu ted on es ec t,
f ollow ers of Brahm a, ti lltheS u n en tered A ri es ; then they d i v i d ed
; an d theBu d d hi s ts w ere
d ri v en ou tof In d i a .
Bu ttheBu d d hi s ts had theren ew ed i n c arn ati on s , prec i s ely thes am ei n
n u m beras theBrahm i n s - f orthes y s tem s w erethes am e
; an d thi s ac c ou n ts f orthey ou n ger
Bu d d ha, af terChri s t, w hom theBrahm i n s c allan i m pos tor
. T hattherew eretobeten i n c arn a-
ti on s i n all, w as ad oc tri n ead m i tted by both .
S eeA s i at .Res .Vol .VI
.P
.5 7 0 .

' A s i ati c
Jou rn al, M arc h18 26 , p .36 5 .

3
A s i at.Res .Vol .VI .p
.17 4
.
2 4 8
Colebrookeon theF orgeri es
W hen i t i s
c on s i d ered thattheVy as a, of w hom s om u c hhas been s ai d , i s an i m agi n ary c ha-
rac ter, thatthew ord m ean s m erely ac om pi ler, an d thatw hen w es ay
Vy as a c om pi led theVed as ,
w eou ghttos ay , thec om pi lerc om pi led them ats u c hors u c hati m e, an d , thati ti s ad m i tted that
they w erec om pi led f rom oraltrad i ti on s - i td oes n ots eem tom eprobable, thattheBrahm i n s had
an y f rau d u len tord i s hon es ti n ten ti on i n c orrec ti n gtheas tron om i c alparts of them
.T hey c on tai n ed
as tron om i c alf ac ts , i n w hi c h, i n thei rold books , they d i s c ov ered errors , an d they c orrec ted them
.
T heas tron om i c altables had n oc on n ex i on w i threli gi on
:
n orw as i tpos s i bletheBrahm i n s c ou ld
f ores eethatthes etables c ou ld ev er, i n Lon d on oran y w hereels e, ataf u tu red ay , hav ean y c on -
n ex i on w i thi t.
A f tertheM y thos w as es tabli s hed abou tthey earB
.C.310 1on theCy c leof the
N eros , i ts tood s ti ll
;
bu ttheas tron om y c on s tan tly ad v an c ed
. T hes am ethi n gtakes plac ew i th
ou ras tron om i c altables , tables Qf Logari thm s , & c
., & c .
In ev ery n ew ed i ti on errors are
c orrec ted
.
M r.Colebrooke I
af terav ery c aref u lex am i n ati on of thec red i td u etothegen u i n en es s of the
Ved as , i n c li n es tothi n kthew ors hi pof Cri s tn am ay hav ebeen i n trod u c ed atoraf tertheti m e
thatthepers ec u ti on tookplac eof theBu d d hi s ts an d Jai n s
. 2 T hi s Ithi n ki s thetru th, an d as
f aras thef ac tgoes agrees perf ec tly w i thm y theory , thatCri s tn ai s on ly theIn d i an H erc u les , the
S u n i n A ri es
.A n d thi s obv i ates en ti rely an otheropi n i on of M r
.Colebrooke' s , an d prov es thatthe
H i n d oos d i d n otd ei f y heroes
. 3
T heprec i s eti m ew hen thes tru ggletookplac ebetw een the
f ollow ers of theS u n i n T au ru s , an d thos eof theS u n i n A ri es , i s d ou btf u l
.It m u s t, how ev er, hav e
taken plac eats om eti m e- i tm ay hav ebeen alon gti m e- an d i f they d i d n otthen perf ec tly
u n d ers tan d theprec es s i on of theequ i n ox , i tprobably w as
a lon gti n geaf ter theS u n en tered A ri es . -
T heargu m en treli ed on by M r
.Ben tley i s of an ex trem ely abs tru s ean d d i f f i c u ltn atu re :
an d I
s hou ld s ay , i n oppos i ti on tothen u m erou s f ac ts , an d them as s of c i rc u m s tan ti alev i d en c ei n f av ou r
of thean ti qu i ty of theH i n d oow orks , w i lli ts elf s erv eas an ex am pleof thef allac y of thes y s tem
rec om m en d ed by hi m .
Ikn ow n otbetterhow tod es c ri bei t, than by gi v i n gan ex trac tf rom a
paperof M r
.Colebrooke' s i n theA s i ati c Res earc hes
.
4 T heprac ti c eof m od ern i zi n gbooks ,
allu d ed toby M r
.Colebrooke, s eem s toharm on i zethef ac ts , w hi c hc an n otbequ es ti on ed , w i ththe
plau s i blehy pothes i s of M r
.Ben tley , an d thu s torem ov eav ery greatd i f f i c u lty
"
W i thou ten teri n gatlen gthi n toan y d i s qu i s i ti on on thi s s u bj ec t, ord i s c u s s i n gtheac c u rac y
~ ~ of theprem i s es , bu tac c ed i n ggen erally tothepos i ti on , thatthed ateof as etof as tron om i c al
"
tables , orof as y s tem f orthec om pu tati on of theplac es of plan ets , i s d ed u c i blef rom theas c er
~ ~ tai n m en tof ati m ew hen thats y s tem ors etof tables gav eres u lts n eares ttothetru th ; an d
~ ~ gran ti n gthatthed ateabov e- m en ti on ed approx i m ates w i thi n c ertai n li m i ts tos u c han as c ertai n -
m en t ;
Is hallm erely obs erv ethat, s u ppos i n gthed ates otherw i s ei rrec on c i lable, s ti llthebook
~ ~ w hi c hw en ow hav eu n d erthen am eof S tu ry a, orS au ra, S i d d ' han ta, m ay hav ebeen , an d
' ~ probably w as , m od ern i zed f rom am orean c i en ttreati s eof thes am en am e, thelaterw orkborrow -
i n gi ts ti tlef rom an earli erperf orm an c eof ad i f f eren tau thor
.W ehav ean i n s tan c eof thi s
"
prac ti c ei n theki n d red c as eof theBrahm e- s i d d ' han ta
: f orw eareac qu ai n ted w i thn oles s than
~ ~ threeas tron om i c altreati s es beari n gthi s ti tle
: an d an equ aln u m berof trac ts , en ti tled Vas i s ht' ha-
" s i d d ' hkn ta, m ay betrac ed i n thequ otati on s of au thors
.
T hi s s olu ti on of theobj ec ti on als oi s
~ ~ en ti rely c om pati blew i ththeten ou rof theref eren c es totheS au ra, w hi c hhav ebeen y etrem arked
"
i n thew orks of Brahm egu ptaan d V& raham i ra ; n on eof them bei n grelati v etopoi n ts thatf u rn i s h
"
argu m en ts f orc on c lu d i n gtheageof thebookf rom i n tern alev i d en c e
."
' A s i at
.Res .Vol .VIII .8 v o. pp .37 7 , 4 8 0 , 4 9 7 .

s
Vi d ep .4 9 5 , ed .Load .18 0 8 .
3 Ibi d .

4
Vol
.X II .p
.228 .
BookV . .
ChapterVII .S ec ti on 5

24 9
T hi s
pas s agei s of thev ery f i rs ti m portan c e
; bec au s e, as alltheargu m en ts agai n s tthean ti -
qu i ty of theH i n d oolearn i n ghav ebeen ref u ted , s oas toleav en oqu es ti on ex c eptthi s of M r
.
Ben tley ' s , i ts hew s thatthi s las thold , ev en i f n otrem ov ed by otherargu m en ts an d pres u m pti v e
ev i d en c e, i s n otan y lon gerten able
.A n d i ts hew s thi s i n thebes tm an n er
; f ori td oes n ots hew
thatM r
.Ben tley has been w ron g, ei theri n hi s reas on i n gorhi s f ac t
:
bu ti tharm on i zes bothto
theas s u m ed as s erti on s of theH i n d oos an d theotherc i rc u m s tan c es
.T hi s als oharm on i zes per-
f ec tly w i ththes y s tem of ren ew ed i n c arn ati on s w hi c hIhav eex hi bi ted tothev i ew of theread er
;
an d thu s them i n u teex am i n ati on , c on s equ en ton thec on trov ers y , i n theen d , as i talw ay s d oes
c on d u c e, has c on d u c ed tothec au s eof tru th
.A llthi s als oharm on i zes perf ec tly w i thw hathas
been s ai d i n thepreli m i n ary obs erv ati on s res pec ti n gthegreatan ti qu i ty an d thei d en ti ty of the
T au ri c f es ti v als i n In d i aan d Bri tai n
.
T heu n d i s pu ted f ac tn oti c ed abov eby M r
.Colebrookeof theprac ti c eof theBrahm i n s i n m o-
d ern i zi n gthei ran c i en ttreati s es , aton c eren d ers M r
.Ben tley ' s argu m en ts
i n c on c lu s i v e,
an d leav es
i n f u llf orc eallthatM r
.Colebrookehas s ai d res pec ti n gthei m pos s i bi li ty of f orgi n gbooks tothe
ex ten tc on tem plated by M r
.Ben tley , thou ghthatw ou ld beabs olu tely n ec es s ary tos u pporthi s
s y s tem
.T hequ an ti ty of f rau d an d f orgery n ec es s ary f ord ec ei v i n gthes i n gled es potM oham ed
A kbarabou tthey ear15 5 6 , ' ac c ord i n gtothetheory of M r
.Ben tley , u n s u pported by an y au tho-
ri ti es , c on s ti tu tes an ef f ec ts oou tof allproporti on toi ts s u ppos ed c au s e, thati ti s , Ibeli ev e, by
alm os talls c i en ti f i c E u ropean s of theH i n d oos c hool, looked u pon w i ththem os tperf ec tc on tem pt
.
T heobs erv ati on of M r
.Colebrookei n thelas ts en ten c eof thequ otati on abov e, thattheref eren c es
aretow orks u n c on n ec ted w i ththei n tern alev i d en c es eem s c on c lu s i v e, an d Ic an n otf i n d i n M r
.
Ben tley ' s an s w eran y thi n gtoaf f ord as ati s f ac tory reply tothi s
.Itheref oref eelobli ged toad opt
M r
.Colebrooke' s m od eof ac c ou n ti n gf ortheapparen td i f f i c u lti es w hi c hM r .Ben tley has poi n ted
ou t.
., Bu tIapprehen d , i n d epen d en tly of theotherargu m en t, thatthec i rc u m s tan c eof theold s era
of theCali - y u gex ac tly agreei n gw i thi ts pres en td ate, hav i n gbeen obs erv ed by A lM an s oratthe
c ou rtof Balk, as n oti c ed bef oreby m e, ten d s s tron gly to- ov erthrow allthen on s en s i c als pec u la-
ti on s of m od ern f orgery topleas eM oham ed A kbar
.
5
.In m y Celti c D ru i d s Ihav es ai d thattheren ov ati on of thec y c les w ou ld ac c ou n tf ortheap-
pearan c eof Cri s tn ai n on eof thos eof lated ate
.A s Ihav eobs erv ed bef ore, i tm ay berepli ed to
thi s , thatalthou ghthes u n an d m oon w ou ld hold thes am erelati v es i tu ati on toon ean otheri n
c on s equ en c eof theprec es s i on of theequ i n ox es , they w ou ld n othold thes am es i tu ati on s i n rela-
ti on totheplan ets an d f i x ed s tars
.Iti s v ery c learthatthi s m u s thav ebeen obs erv ed by the
H i n d ooas tron om ers , i n av ery li ttleti m e, i f they m ad ean y ac tu alobs erv ati on s , an d i n eac hc y c le,
w hen they ren ew ed thei rbooks they w ou ld en d eav ou r, as they thou ght, toc orrec tthem
.T hi s
perf ec tly agrees w i thw hatM r
.Colebrookehas i n f orm ed u s abov eres pec ti n gtheBrahm aS i d -
han tha, & c
.T hes etrac ts , w hi c hhen oti c es , hav eev i d en tly es c aped thec orrec ti on , an d s erv ei n a
d i f f eren tan d d i s tan tc li m etoc on f i rm theprof ou n d argu m en tof M i c haeli s an d Bi s hopM ars hre-
s pec ti n gthed i f f i c u lty of c orru pti n gthegos pelhi s tori es
i n laterti m es . Iti s ev i d en tthatthe
Brahm i n s w hom ad ethec orrec ti on s , hav en othad pos s es s i on of alltheold c opi es , w hi c h, i n s om e
reti red tem pleof s om eof then u m erou s s ec ts , hav eprobably been c opi ed by apers on i gn oran tof
w hatw as d on eatBen ares orOu gei n
.T heJan am patri of Cri s tn a, gi v en by M r .Ben tley f or
abou tthey ear6 0 0 af terChri s t, w as n otlon gbef oretheti m ew hen theM oham ed an s ov erran
In d i a, an d d es troy ed allthetem ples an d c olleges
: an d f rom thi s ti m eprobably m ay bed ated the
i gn oran c eof theBrahm i n s , an d thec es s ati on of thegen eralc orres pon d en c eam on gthem , w hi c h
I Vi d eBen tley on H i n d ooA s tr
.p .16 4 .
25 0

\Ir . Ben tley ' s Rec an tati on

toD r
.A T ars ham
w ou ld beac on s equ en c eof theov erthrow of thei r
u n i v ers al pow er, an d hen c ethey c ou ld n olon ger
attem pttoc orrec tas tron om i c alerrors
. T hu s w ef i n d thei rtables m os tc orrec t, attheti m eof
thei rc on qu es t, thed es tru c ti on of thei rpow er, an d thepollu ti on of thei rtem ples an d c olleges
.
T hes ec on s i d erati on s als oac c ou n tf orthec orrec ti on w i thou tthei m pu tati on of i n ten ti on alf rau d
i n theBrahm i n s , tow hom ( thou ghId on otc on s i d erthem betterthan otherpri es ts , f orallpri es ts ,
as bod i es , w i lld ec ei v e, i f they hav ethepow er) Id on otli ketoi m pu tef rau d , i f Ic an av oi d i t
.
T hes ec on s i d erati on s als oleav eM r
.Ben tley ' s as tron om i c alargu m en ts allthei rf orc e, an d tohi m
allthec red i tw hi c hi s j u s tly d u ef orhi s i n gen u i ty .
T hegreatly ex aggerated ac c ou n ts of M r
.
Ben tley betray ac on s c i ou s n es s of w eakn es s i n argu m en t
.
T hed oc tri n ethataren ew ed i n c arn a-
ti on w as ex pec ted ev ery 6 0 0 y ears , i s s u pported by agreatn u m berof f ac ts w hi c hc an n otbed i s -
pu ted , totally i n d epen d en tof eac hother, an d f ou n d i n w i d ely - s eparated c ou n tri es . F orex am ple-
the ten ages i n In d i aan d i n E u rope,
ei ght of them n early f i n i s hed , an d an i n thex pec ted toarri v e,
w hen an ew s av i ou rw as toappear- an ew i n c arn ati on of theS u prem eBei n g .
T hi s s u ppli es a
c lu etoallthed i f f i c u lti es res pec ti n gthed ateof theG od w i thathou s an d n am es .
H ew as born i n
theti m eof Jos hu a, an d i n theti m eof Caes ar
; bu tthou ghhehad d i f f eren tn am es , y ethehad the
s am en am e .
T hi s i s s i m i lartothem i s takeof theJew i s hrabblei n taki n gJes u s Chri s tf oran
i n c arn ati on of E li as , E atoc , ortheG od
1,
-
1'
i eu ,
1r p
ali eu , al- leu .
M r
.Ben tley has ad m i tted s ev eralf ac ts of c on s equ en c e, w hi c h, as hei s an oppon en ttom y d oc -
tri n es , theread erw i llkn ow how toes ti m ate
.
M r
.Ben tley has obs erv ed , thatH erm es w as thes on of Os i ri s an d M ai a, an d thatM erc u ry w as
thes on of Ju pi ter an d M ai a ;
thatBu d d haw as als othes on of M ai a, an d w as thes am eas M er-
c u ry , an d thathi s n am em ean t
W IS E or W IS D OM .I H eallow s 2 thatthei m ageof S i v a, i s
gen erally ac c om pan i ed w i thaBu ll
toi n d i c atethec om m en c em en tof they earf rom thes i gn T au ru s ,
orf i rs tof M ay . H es ay s that
S u ra
i n S an s c ri tm ean s li ght, an d < 4 s u ra m ean s d arkn es s . T hi s i s
ev i d en tly theS u ry a, an d
T i ll s r, Os i ri s .
M r .Ben tley als os hew s thattheH i n d oom an s i on s of the
m oon w ere
ori gi n ally 28 n ot27 i n n u m ber
. 3 Com i n gf rom M r .Ben tley , m y oppon en t, thes eare
alli m portan tad m i s s i on s - s tron gly s u pporti n gm y s y s tem
.
6
.Lon gaf terIhad w ri tten theabov eres pec ti n gM r
.Ben tley , If ou n d w hataton c es ettles the
qu es ti on ;
bu tas Ithi n ki tex trem ely d es i rable, i n ac as eof s u c hi m portan c e, thatm y read er
s hou ld s eethes teps by w hi c hIhav egrad u ally arri v ed atm y c on c lu s i on s , Is halln otex pu n ge
w hatIhad prev i ou s ly w ri tten .
If an y d epen d en c ec an beplac ed on M r
.Ben tley ' s ow n w ord s , hew as atlas ts ati s f i ed thatthe
s tory of Cri s tn ahav i n gbeen c opi ed f rom thatof Jes u s Chri s t, of w hi c hIhav etreated i n m y Celti c
D ru i d s , an d als obef orei n thi s w ork, w as n ottobes u pported
.
In aletterf rom hi m , pu bli s hed by
theRev
.J.M ars ham , D .D .,
i n hi s E lem en ts of theChi n es eG ram m ar, i s thef ollow i n gpas s age
" Ju ly 4 th, 18 13,
K ri s hn aw as c on tem porary w i thYou d hi s ht' hi ra
( s eetheG eeta) , an d theepoc h
of Yood hi s t' hi ra' s bi rthw as they ear
25 26
of theCali Yu gof thepres en tas tron om ers , orabou t5 7 5
y ears bef oretheChri s ti an ara
."
T hef ac tof Cri s tn a' s li v i n gm orethan 5 0 0 y ears bef oreChri s t
aton c ed i s pos es of allthen on s en s e, bothoralan d w ri tten , abou tthehi s tory of Cri s tn abei n g
c opi ed f rom thatof Chri s t
.T head m i s s i on als orem ov es theon ly plau s i bleobj ec ti on tothew hole
of m y theory , an d aton c es hew s thatm y ex plan ati on of then atu reof theJan am patri of Cri s tn ai s
c orrec t
. M r
.Ben tley ' s ad m i s s i on open s thed oortom y theory , thatren ew ed i n c arn ati on s of the
s am epers on s w erebeli ev ed tohav etaken plac e, an d i n d eed n early prov es thetru thof i tres pec ti n g
them :
f orw ehav ehereon eCri s tn aabou t6 0 0 y ears bef oreChri s t, an d an otherCri s tn aabou t
6 0 0 y ears af terhi m .
H erearethreepers on s of thes am en am ei n thew orld , atthreev ery pec u -
' P p
.5 5 , 5 6 , 6 0 .

2
P .5 8 .

3 P .5 .
BookV.ChapterVII
.S ec ti on 6

25 1
li arepoc has - Cri s tn aabou t6 0 0 B
.C
., Chri s thi m s elf attheen d of thi s 6 0 0 , an d Cri s tn a6 0 0 y ears
af terw ard .
A f terthi s , i n an otherletter, ( lb .) M r
.Ben tley goes on tos hew , by A S T RON OM ICA LCA LCU LA -
T ION S A N D P ROOF S , thathei s c orrec t, an d thatCri s tn aw as c ertai n ly , as hehad bef ores ai d , m ore
than 5 0 0 y ears bef oreChri s t .
T hed ateof thes eraof Yu d i s t' hi rai s theon ly f ac tw hi c hm ateri ally c on c ern s m y argu m en t, thi s
bei n gallow ed by M r .Ben tley tobethed ateof thebi rthof Cri s tn a
.T hi s d ate, i n
hi s pos thu m ou s
w ork, If i n d f i x ed , tou s ehi s ow n w ord s , d ec i d ed ly bey on d thepos s i bi li ty of d ou bt,
tothey ear5 7 5
bef oreChri s t . ( S eepp.6 7 , 7 2.) T hen thehi s tory of Cri s tn ac an n othav ebeen c opi ed f rom
thatof Chri s t . Is hallretu rn toM r .Ben tley s ev eralti m es i n thec ou rs eof thew ork
.
N od ou btthed i f f i c u lty of c om i n gatthetru thi n qu es ti on s of thi s n atu rei s ex c eed i n gly great
an d alm os ti n s u perable . Iti s v ery ev i d en tthatw ri tten ev i d en c ec an s c arc ely ev erbem ad ef ree
f rom obj ec ti on , as thec on trov ers y betw een M r .Colebrookean d M r
.Ben tley prov es ;
an d Ic on -
c ei v ethati tc an bed i s c ov ered w hi c hs i d ei s i n theri ght, on ly f rom c ollateralc i rc u m s tan c es , ov er
w hi c hn ei therparty en gaged c an hav ean y c on trou l, an d w hi c hw elearn f rom pers on s orw ri ti n gs
thatc an n otby an y pos s i bi li ty hav ean y i n teres ti n thequ es ti on .
Iallu d etos u c hev i d en c ere-
s pec ti n gtheH eri - Cri s tn aatM u traas i s af f ord ed by A rri an , an d tos u c hf ac ts as theex i s ten c eof
tw oM u tras orM atu reas . A llthi s goes toprov ethegreatabs u rd i ty of beli ev i n gthatG od w ou ld
gi v eas y s tem tohi s c reatu res tobebeli ev ed u n d erpai n of d am n ati on , d epen d i n gon w ri tten ev i -
d en c eof thi s ki n d . In thi s c as eIc an n otf orgetthatpas s i on , reli gi ou s bi gotry , an d i n teres t, are
on on es i d e, an d d i s i n teres ted phi los ophy , an d n othi n gthatIc an perc ei v ebu talov eof tru th, on
theother . W hen Ic on s i d ertheletters toD r .M ars ham , w i ththeu ltrapi eti s m of M r
.Ben tley ,
an d allthec i rc u m s tan c es relati n gtohi s las tw ork, partly w ri tten , as Iam told , on hi s d eath- bed ,
Ic on f es s If eelratheri n c li n ed toad opt, of hi s tw oopi n i on s , thaten tertai n ed w hen hew as s ou n d
bothi n bod y an d m i n d .
Iti s v ery u n w i s ean d gen erally v ery u n ki n d , i n s u rv i v i n grelati v es to
pu bli s hthed eath- bed w orks of thei rf ri en d s
.
N othi n gc an bem oreu n s ati s f ac tory than theopi -
n i on s of pers on s i n thi s s i tu ati on .
T herec an ben od ou btn ow , Ithi n k, thatthehi s tory of Cri s tn ai s thehi s tory of theequ i n oc ti al
s u n i n A ri es , an d thatBu d d haw as theequ i n oc ti als u n i n T au ru s .
Bu d d haw as Bac c hu s , Cri s tn a
w as H erc u les , i n reali ty , on e216 0 y ears af tertheother :
thi s n early agrees w i thw hati s s ai d by
A rri an , thatH erc u les w as m an y gen erati on s - 15 0 0 y ears - af terBac c hu s
; an d that, as P lu tarc h
s ay s , Bac c hu s an d H erc u les w erem od ern G od s , I
thati s , they w eren ots oold as theG od s w hi c h
gav en am es totheplan ets . A f terthes u n , Is u ppos ethef i v eplan ets , the
d i s pos ers ,
as M os es an d
theP elas gi 2 c alled them , w eretheobj ec ts of ad orati on , an d thef ou n d ati on of as trology
.
T he
s i gn s of theZ od i ac , an d thef es ti v als atthev ern alequ i n ox , f ollow ed i n d u ec ou rs e .
P lu tarc hs ay s , D eIs i d eetOs i ri d e, ( S qu i re, p .35 , ) "
Os i ri s an d Is i s w eretran s lated as s om es ay totheran kof
G od s , as Bac c hu s an d H erc u les w erei n af terages " - thu s c on f i rm i n gm y i d ea, thatthelatterw eren ottheold es t
G od s .
'
P elas gi , P heen i c i an S ai lors .S eeCelti c D ru i d s , pp
.25 8 ets eq .
25 2 M atu rea
CH A P T E RVIII
1\Iatu rea- Obj ec ti on s - M r
.S eeley ' s Obs erv ati on s on theS erpen t- A ton em en t,
Ori gi n alS i n - Blac kN ati on of Bu d d hi s ts i n A s i a
.
1 .W hen thei d en ti ty of thed oc tri n es of G en es i s w i ththes tory of Cri s tn ai s c on s i d ered , the
c i rc u m s tan c es of theE gy pti an c i ty of H eli opoli s orM atu rea, thec i ty of theS u n , as Ihav ef or-
m erly s hew n , arev ery s tri ki n g . Itw as thec api talof G os hen , ( G os hen m ean s hou s eof thes u n , )
w heretheIs raeli tes s ettled u n d erJac ob .Itw as herethepri es tP oti pharli v ed an d of f i c i ated , to
w hos ed au ghterJos ephw as m arri ed .
Itw as here, w hereaJew i s htem plew as bu i ltby On i as ,
w how as atthehead of as ec tof s c hi s m ati c alorhereti c alJew s , w hos ed oc tri n es w e c an n ot kn ow ,
oron w hatgrou n d s they m ai n tai n ed thatthi s w as theproperplac ef orthetem pleof Jehov ah .
Bu tw ed okn ow thatthey w erehated by theorthod ox , as alm os talw ay s happen tohereti c s .
Jeru s alem , A CCORD IN G
T O T H E P E N T A T E U CH , had n om oreri ghttoc alli ts elf theplac ec hos en
by Jehov ahtoplac ehi s tem plethere,
than H eli opoli s oran y otherc i ty . T hi s s am eH eli opoli s w as
theplac etow hi c h, as has been alread y s hew n , Jos ephan d M ary f led f rom H erod , an d w hereJes u s
perf orm ed greatm i rac les - an d , i n hi s ti m e, w as c alled M atu rea- then am eof thebi rthplac eof
Cri s tn a, theM atu reaD eoru m of P tolem y
.Itm ay bes ai d thes ethi n gs d on ot
prov e thei d en ti ty
of Jes u s an d Cri s tn a, an d thatthes tory of thef orm erw as c opi ed f rom thelatter .T hi s Iad m i t
.
Bu tthou ghthey d on otprov ethei d en ti ty of Jes u s an d Cri s tn a, they prov ethatthec orru pti on s
of thereli gi on of Jes u s hav ebeen c ollec ted f rom them y thos es of In d i a, w hi c hi s theobj ec tf or
w hi c h} they areprod u c ed . Bef oreIc on c lu d ethi s w ork, Is hallprod u c eev i d en c ethatthem an
Chri s tJes u s , tou s ethew ord s of thegos pelhi s tori es , w as n otam an li v i n gi n In d i a
.'
If eelaperf ec tc on v i c ti on thatIhav eprov ed thatBu d d haprec ed ed Cri s tn a, an d Iam equ ally
c on v i n c ed thatn ou n prej u d i c ed pers on c an d ou bttheex i s ten c eof thew ors hi pof Cri s tn ai n the
rei gn of A lex an d ertheG reat . W ehav es een thatBu d d haw as thes on of M ai a, av i rgi n , i n w hos e
w om bhew as i n c arn ate s an s s ou i llu re, 2 an d w hos ebi rthw as f oretold m an y c en tu ri es bef orei t
tookplac e . T hi s i s thei d en ti c alhi s tory of thei m m ac u latec on c epti on of P y thagoras , an d i n li ke
m an n erof Jes u s , f oretold bef oreJes u s w as born . A lm os ti m m ed i ately af terw ard w ehav eBu d d ha
an d theS am an ean s , hi s pri es ts , n oti c ed by Clem en s A lex an d ri n u s , w hos tates Bu d d hatohav e
been thef ou n d erof thes ec tof theG y m n os ophi s ts , i n thes am em an n eras theBrahm i n s w ere
u s ed toattri bu tethei ri n s ti tu ti on toBrahm a . 3 Relan d s ay s , 11 Vehar, tem plu m D ei pri m ari i
Bu d d he
P ou r= qu em In d os u tD eu m v en erari j am oli m n otav i tClem en s A lex an d ri n es ." 4
' " T heA n ton i n eIti n erary gi v es 24 M P .betw een H eli opoli s an d M em phi s ;
of w hi c h 12
aretaken
u p
betw een H eli -

opoli s an d Baby lon

.T hef orm erof thes eplac es i s u n i v ers ally allow ed by trav ellers tohav ebeen atM atarea, w here,
` am on gs totherrem ai n s , an obeli s k i s s ti lls tan d i n g .Bes i d es therem ai n s atM atareaw hi c hareby n om ean s equ i v oc al,

i n res pec tof thef ac tw hi c hthey i n d i c ate, thereareotherc i rc u m s tan c es w hi c hm u s tbeallow ed i n proof of the pos i -
ti on .T hef ou n tai n atA latareai s n am ed A n i S c ham s , orthef ou n tai n of thes u n
. A m od ern tow n , s i tu ated s on earto

thes i teof therem ai n s atM atarea, as thatthes ki rts of thetw oarew i thi n am i lean d half of eac hother,
i s n am ed
` K eli u b : w hi c hi s n od ou btthes am ew i thH eli opoli s , ali ttlec han ged .T heprov i n c e i s als oc alled K eli u bi e
;
an d an -
s w ers tothean c i en tpref ec tu rate of H eli opoli s .T hem ou n d of H eli opoli s , ac c ord i n gtoD r
.P oc oc ke, i s abou tam i le

i n len gth, by half thatbread th .T heobeli s k, n ow s tan d i n g, oc c u pi es n early thec en treof i t

." Ren n el, H er . p .4 9 5
.
2
A n i m m ac u latec on c epti on .

3 A s i at .Res . Vol .1 .p .16 8 .

4 S trom .Li b.
Lp.223,
D i s s ert .x i .pars terti a, p .8 5 .
BookV.ChapterVIII .S ec ti on 3

25 3
2
.Ou ri n qu i rers i n tothehi s tory of them y thology of then ati v es of In d i agen erally takethei r
ac c ou n ts f rom thew ri ti n gs of thef ollow ers of Cri s tn a, n ev errec ollec ti n gthatthey arealld en i ed
an y au thori ty by thegreates tpartof thei m m en s epopu lati on of thos ec ou n tri es i n w hi c hBu d d -
hi s m prev ai ls - apopu lati on c ov eri n gac ou n try ten ti m es as largeas thatof theBrahm i n s .
In
c on s equ en c eof thi s , as m i ghtbeex pec ted , they arem erely ec hoes of them i s repres en tati on s of
theBrahm i n s .
Bu tatlas ten ou ghes c apes f rom thei row n w ri ti n gs , n otw i ths tan d i n galltheat-
tem pts of theBrahm i n s atc on c ealm en t, tos hew thattherew as aBu d d hi s m bef oretheti m eof
Cri s tn a ; an d In ev erc an f orgettheu n ex c epti on abletes ti m on y of A rri an totheIn d i an Bac c hu s
hav i n glon gprec ed ed theIn d i an H erc u les .
In thev ari ou s ac c ou n ts w hi c hd i f f eren tau thors hav egi v en u s res pec ti n gBu d d ha, Iperc ei v ebu t
on eplau s i bleobj ec ti on tothetheory w hi c hIhav epropos ed of hi s bei n gtheS u n i n T au ru s , as all
allow thathe w as theS u n ;
an d thati s , thed i f f i c u lty of ac c ou n ti n gf ortheCri s tn aof theBrahm i n s
hav i n gc om etoE gy pt . T hatac olon y d i d pas s f rom In d i atoE gy ptn oon ec an d ou bt, an d that,
too, af tertheri s eof then am ean d m y thos of Cri s tn a .A tf i rs ttoac c ou n tf orthi s , w hen theprej u -
d i c es of theBrahm i n s agai n s tleav i n gthei rc ou n try orm aki n gpros ely tes i s c on s i d ered , s eem s
d i f f i c u lt .
YetIthi n ktherearec ertai n f ac ts , n ow w ellkn ow n , w hi c hw i llj u s ti f y u s i n s u ppos i n g,
thattheBrahm i n s had n otalw ay s thes am eobj ec ti on toleav i n gthei rc ou n try w hi c hthey hav e
had f orm an y c en tu ri es pas t
.
Iti s v ery c ertai n thattheS an s c ri tlan gu age, i n i ts pres en ts tate, i s
an arti f i c i alon e, an d thati ti s n ottheold es tof In d i a . N ow , i ti s equ ally c ertai n thatthem y thos
d i d c om etoItaly ; then i tm u s thav ec om eprev i ou s totheS an s c ri tbei n gperf ec ted . T heex am -
ples of thepers on alv erb, thef orm ati on of thed egrees of c om pari s on of thead j ec ti v e, an d the
i d en ti ty of then am es of n u m bers , & c ., w i ththos eof theLati n , w hi c hIhav egi v en i n m y
Celti c
D ru i d s ,
d ec i d ed ly an d i n c on trov erti bly , prov ethei d en ti ty of thetw olan gu ages
.
Is u ppos ei tw i ll
n otbeheld thatItaly has c olon i zed In d i a .
W i llan y on ebeabs u rd en ou ghan y lon gertom ai n tai n
thatE gy ptc olon i zed In d i a, m aki n g tw o
i s lan d s of E lephan ta- tw oM atu reas , c arry i n gals othi ther
an as tron om i c alm y thology , s u i tableton opartof i ts ow n terri tory , orof thatof In d i a, an d that
In d i as en tbac ki n retu rn alan gu agetoItaly an d the
OM M a K OM , t
i n lan gu agen ot
G reek bu t In d i an , toE leu s i s ?
T hef ac tof theblac kG od Cri s tn abei n gf ou n d i n Italy , G erm an y , S w i tzerlan d , an d F ran c e, i s of
i ts elf , i n d epen d en tof allotherc i rc u m s tan c es , s u f f i c i en ttod ec i d ethequ es ti on . H ow c am ethe
F ren c han d Itali an s tod y ethei row n G od Cri s tn a blac k, bef orethey s en ti c on s of hi m toIn d i a ?
H ow c am ehi s m othertobeblac k? - theblac kVen u s , or Is i s them other, thev i rgi n m otherof
d i v i n elov e, of A u rorH oru s , theLu x of S t .John , theRegi n aCc eli , tread i n g, i n thes phere, on the
head of thes erpen t- allm arks of theJes u s of Bethlehem - of thetem pleof thes u n , orof Ceres ,
bu t n otof
Jes u s of N azareth .
3
.T hef ollow i n gobs erv ati on of M r.S eely , i s alon equ i tes u f f i c i en ttod eterm i n ethequ es ti on as
tow hi c hof thetw oc ou n tri es , E gy ptorIn d i a, c olon i zed theother .
M r.S eely s ay s , " T heCobrac apella, orhood ed S n ake, bei n gu n kn ow n i n A f ri c a, ex c eptas

hi erogly phi c , i tm ay bec on c lu d ed ( as als of rom otherargu m en ts ) , thattheE gy pti an s w erethe

d epos i tari es , n otthei n v en tors , of thei rm y thologi c alattai n m en ts
."
2 If i tbetru ethatthereare
n os n akes of thi s ki n d i n A f ri c a, thou ghthey arev ery c om m on ly f ou n d am on gthehi erogly phi c s , I
Celti c D ru i d s , Ch
.II .S ec t.X X VII .
By a preten d ed em en d ati on of thetex tof H es v ehi u s , alearn ed G erm an of theorthod ox s c hool, of then am eof
Lobec k, has attem pted toov erthrow theargu m en tof Col .W i lf ord res pec ti n gthes ec u ri ou s w ord s , BU T hei s obli ged
f i rs ttoem en d thetex t
.Ipref ertheopi n i on s of Creu zer, S c helli n g, M u n ter, an d U w arrow , u pon thi s pas s age, tothat
of M r.Lobec k .Vi d eF orei gn Qu arterly Rev i ew , Jan
.18 31, p .5 1 .
2
On theCav es of E llora, p .216 .
25 4
A ton em en t, Ori gi n alS i n
c an s c arc ely c on c ei v eam ored ec i s i v eproof , thattheE gy pti an m y thology c am ef rom In d i a
.F rom
theu n i on of thes ec on s i d erati on s an d i n d i s pu tablef ac ts I c on c lu d e, that, i n v ery early ti m es , s oon
af terthes u n en tered A ri es , theBrahm i n s d i d n ot, as atthi s d ay , obj ec ttotrav elf rom thei row n
c ou n try ; an d Ithi n kw em ay f i n d aprobablereas on f orthei rpres en td i s s oc i als y s tem bei n g
ad opted
. W ekn ow thattheBu d d hi s ts , u n d erthen am eof S ekhs orJai n es , hav ebeen f orm an y
c en tu ri es en d eav ou ri n gtoc on v erttheVi s hn u i tes , an d i tw as probably toprev en tthi s thatthei r
f ollow ers w eref orbi d d en by theBrahm i n s tohold an y c om m erc ew i ths tran gers , ortoqu i tthei r
ow n c ou n try : an d thati tw as thu s thei rru leof s ec lu s i on bec am ees tabli s hed .T heres eem s i n
thi s toben othi n gv ery i m probable .T herei s n om i rac le, n othi n gc on trary totheord erof n atu re,
requ i red here .Of c ou rs e, Is u ppos ethi s tohav etaken plac es om eti m eaf terthec han geof the
equ i n oc ti alf es ti v alf rom M ay toA pri l, - f rom T au ru s toA ri es .T hi s c han ge, therei s reas on to
beli ev e, w as n otm ad ew i thou tc on s i d erableblood s hed an d c on f u s i on .Bu tIthi n kw herev eri t
tookplac e, therei s n ow n oBu d d i s m , properly s oc alled .Ithi n ktherei s ev i d en c een ou ghto
prov ethati ttookplac ei n E gy pt, an d thatM os es ad opted i t
.W eread i n an c i en tti m es of s ev eral
Brahm i n s hav i n gc om ei n totheW es t .Bu t, ac c ord i n gtoM r
.W i lf ord , thed i f f i c u lty really d oes
n otex i s t ; f or he s ay s , " T heH i n d oos aren otprohi bi ted f rom v i s i ti n gf orei gn c ou n tri es , -
they areon ly f orbi d d en topas s c ertai n ri v ers ; bu ttherei s n oobj ec ti on tothei r as c en d i n grou n d
" thei rhead s , s o they on ly d on otc ros s them
.' ' ' T hi s i n terpretati on has ev i d en tly been ad opted
toev ad ethelaw .
4 .A s w ef i n d thatm os tof theotherabs u rd d oc tri n es w i thw hi c hf an ati c s an d pri es ts hav e
load ed thereli gi on of Jes u s hav ec om ef rom In d i a, s ow eals of i n d that, f rom thes am es ou rc e, has
c om e ori gi n als i n . M r
.M au ri c es ay s ,
"
Iti s thei n v ari ablebeli ef of theBrahm i n s thatm an i s a
f allen c reatu re . U pon thi s v ery beli ef i s bu i ltthed oc tri n eof them i grati on of thes ou ls throu gh
" v ari ou s an i m albod i es , an d rev olv i n g BOBU N S orplan etary s pheres
." H en c earos eallthe
au s teri ti es of theYogees , F aki rs , an d otherf an ati c s , w hi c hw erec arri ed toan ex c es s thati s
s c arc ely c red i ble .
T heRev .D r
.Clau d i u s Bu c han an has thef ollow i n gpas s age
: 2 " T hec hi ef an d d i s ti n gu i s hi n g
" d oc tri n es of S c ri ptu rem ay bec on s i d ered thef ou rf ollow i n g- theT ri n i ty i n U n i ty : thei n c arn a-
ti on ti on of theD ei ty
: av i c ari ou s aton em en tf ors i n :
an d thei n f lu en c eof theD i v i n eS pi ri ton the
" m i n d of m an .N ow , i f w es hou ld beabletoprov ethatallthes earerepres en ted i n thes y s tem s

of theE as t, w i llan y m an v en tu retoaf f i rm thati thappen s by c han c e ? " N o, i n d eed , n om an ,

w hoi s n otaf ool, w i llv en tu retos ay an y s u c hthi n g .T heD oc torthen goes on toad m i t, that
theBrahm i n s m u s thav ekn ow n of theplu raln atu reof theA lei m , w hi c hhec alls the E LOH IM ,
the

Letu s m akem an , " of thef i rs tc hapterof G en es i s , thei n c arn ati on , theaton em en t, an d the
i n f lu en c eof theH oly S pi ri t, - thed oc tri n eof regen erati on or m an tw i c ebarn . T hu s i n hav i n g
s hew n thatallthes eJew i s han d Chri s ti an d oc tri n es aretobef ou n d am on gthean c i en tBrahm i n s ,
Iam s u pported i n thef ac tby d i v i n es of thef i rs tem i n en c e .T hef ac tthatthed oc tri n es are
c om m on totheE as tan d W es tof theIn d u s , c an n otbed i s pu ted , an d theon ly qu es ti on w i llbe,
w hethertheE as tc opi ed thed oc tri n es of Chri s ti an i ty f rom theW es t, BE F ORE
thebi rthof Chri s t,
f orthey w erethere BE F ORE , hi s bi rth, ortheW es tc opi ed f rom theE as ti ts an c i en td oc tri n es , to
thec orru pti on an d alm os tru i n of thebeau ti f u lan d s i m ples y s tem of thei rF ou n d eran d S a-
v i ou r .
Ori gi n alS i n , thef ou n d ati on of thed oc tri n eof theaton em en t, w as n otkn ow n totheearly Chri s -
ti an s , 3 an d theref orei ti s perf ec tly c learthati tc an n othav ebeen c opi ed f rom them .Ori gi n al
' A s i at.Res .Vol .VI .p .5 33 .

2
Chri s ti an Res earc hes i n A s i a, p .26 6 .
' S eeJon es on theCan on , Vol .II .p .34 8 .
BookV .ChapterVIII .S ec ti on
5

25 .5
S i n en ti rely d epen d s on thes tory of thef ru i t- treeof G en es i s bei n gtaken i n ali terals en s e .Bu t
thean c i en tf athers of thec hu rc hu n d ers tood thati tw as an allegory
; theref ore, i n thei r
w ri ti n gs , therec ou ld ben othi n gabou tori gi n als i n
.T hed oc tri n ei s n ot.kn ow n totheRom i s hor
G reekChu rc hes , an d thereas on of thi s i s , i n ad d i ti on tow hatIhav es tated res pec ti n gallegory ,
that thes ec hu rc hes m akethetex ts ay , thew om an , n otthes eed of thew om an , s hallbru i s ethe
s erpen t' s head : " In i m i c i ti as pon am i n tertoetm u li erem , ets em en tu u m ets em en i lli u s
: IP S A
c on teretc apu ttu u m , ettoi n c i d i aberi s c alc an eoej u s
." 1 T hi s d ec i s i v ely prov es , w hen j oi n ed w i th
theotherc i rc u m s tan c es , as Ihav es ai d bef ore, thattheH i n d ood oc tri n es hav en otbeen c opi ed f rom
theChri s ti an . Its eem s probablethatthed oc tri n eof theM etem ps y c hos i s w as grad u ally s u per-
s ed ed by thatof theA ton em en ti n theChri s ti an reli gi on
.T hef orm erw as held by m os torallthe
early Chri s ti an s , tow hom thelatters eem s tohav ebeen u n kn ow n .T hetw oappeartom etobe
totally i n c om pati ble .P erhaps w ed on otf i n d i n hi s tory an y d oc tri n ew hi c hhas been m orepern i -
c i ou s than thatof Ori gi n alS i n .Iti s n ow d em orali zi n gBri tai n .Itc au s ed allthehu m an s ac ri -
f i c es i n an c i en tti m es , 2 an d ac tu ally c on v erted theJew s i n toan ati on of Can n i bals , as Lord
K i n gs borou gh, i n hi s s plen d i d w orkon M ex i c an A n ti qu i ti es , has prov ed thatthey w ere
.
5 .T heread erw i llrec ollec tw hatw as s ai d i n thef i rs tc hapterres pec ti n gthetw oE thi opi as -
theopi n i on of S i rW .Jon es an d M r.M au ri c e, thatan ati on of
blac ks f orm erly ru led ov erallA s i a,
an d theotherc i rc u m s tan c es w heretheblac kc olou roc c u rred i n v ari ou s w ay s
: an d n ow Ithi n k
hew i llbeprepared f oraf ew qu es ti on s , f orw hi c hIhav ebeen f rom thebegi n n i n gpav i n gthew ay
M ay n otthi s n ati on hav ebeen an ati on of blac k Bu d d hi s ts ? M ay n otthepeac eablereli gi on of
thec u rly - head ed Bu d d hahav eperv ad ed an d kepti n peac ef orm an y gen erati on s of w hi c hw ehav e
n ohi s tory , thew holeof A s i a? M ay n otthepeopleprof es s i n gi t, hav ebeen theP alli orP alles -
ti n i of M r .M au ri c ean d S i rW i lli am Jon es , orthes hepherd ki n gs orCu s hi tes , of w hom s om u c h
has been s ai d ? S i rW .Jon es thou ghtthes eatof thi s em pi rem ay hav ebeen S i d on .T heG ran d
Lam a, orthes ov erei gn pri es tof thi s em pi re, m i ghtas eas i ly res i d ei n then ei ghbou rhood of S i d on ,
as i n an y otherplac e .A n d i n f av ou rof thi s opi n i on , therearem an y tri f li n gc i rc u m s tan c es w hi c h
m ay i n d u c eapers on tothi n k, thatM ou n tG eri zi m , thef av ou ri teplac eof Jos hu a, w as , i n v ery
rem oteti m es , li kethec api talof theLam aof T i bet, aplac eof greats an c ti ty .W how as M el-
c hi zed ek ? W as heaG ran d Lam a?
T hatG eri zi m , n otJeru s alem , w as hi s res i d en c e, w eare
told by thed i s i n teres ted w i tn es s E u polem u s , w hos eev i d en c eals oi s c on f i rm ed by v ari ou s c i rc u m -
s tan c es . W hy s hou ld n otan ati on hav eru led allA s i ai n peac e, as theChi n es ehav ed on ethei r
em pi re, f ors ev eralthou s an d y ears ? If thes ew ereJai n Bu d d hi s ts , thei rpropen s i ty topropagate
thei rd oc tri n e, s od i f f eren tf rom theprac ti c eof theBrahm i n s , eas i ly s hew s w hy i tw as c arri ed to
theex trem es tW es t, an d w hy i tw as f ou n d i n Bri tai n .Bu ti f they w erethef i rs tpeople, the
Celts , f ori n s tan c e, as Ibeli ev ethey w ere, an d thei rreli gi on thef i rs t, i tw ou ld of c ou rs egow i th
them .
" Bu d d ha, thes on of M h y
f t, i s c on s i d ered as theG od of Ju s ti c e
; an d theOx , w hi c hi s s ac red
~ ~ tohi m , i s term ed D herm a .S othatthi s epi thet, li kethatof Bu d d ha, i s n otc on f i n ed toan y i n -

d i v i d u aloran y rac e ." 3 " On thec on trary , w elearn f rom thei n s ti tu tes of M en u , thatthev ery

bi rthof Brahm i n s i s ac on s tan ti n c arn ati on of D herm a, G od of Ju s ti c e

." H ereIthi n kw ehav e
aM elc hi zed ek
.In thei n teri orof thegreattem pleof Bali , atM aha- bali - pore, i s ac ou c hc alled
thebed of D herm a- raj ah . 4
T hi s c om pou n d w ord tran s lated , i s Bed of theki n gof
.j u s ti c eorBed

M elc hi zed ek.

A gai n s tan ati on , as S i rW
.Jon es thou ght, hav i n gru led ov erallA s i a, Is een oobj ec ti on
; an d
' Vu lg.

9
S eeCelti c D ru i d s , las tc hapter .

3
Cam b
.K ey , Vol .I .p .216 .
4 Cham bers ' A s i at
.Res earc hes .
25 6

Baal
i f they w ereCu s hi teBu d d hi s ts attac hed tothei rreli gi on i n thew ay w es eem an y ori en tal
n ati on s attac hed tothei rreli gi on atthi s d ay , Ikn ow n oreas on w hy thei rroy alhi gh- pri es ts
s hou ld n othav eru led them w i thj u s ti c e, an d i n peac e, f orm an y gen erati on s , ti llthey w ered i s -
tu rbed , perhaps , by thei n road s of s om en orthern tri bes
. - D u ri n gthi s gold en ageam os ti n ti m ate
c orres pon d en c eam on gthepri es ts of d i f f eren tan d rem otec ou n tri es m ay hav ebeen keptu p
;
an d thi s m ay ac c ou n tf orthetran s f erof thef es ti v alof T au ru s
to thatof A ri es , i n s om ec ou n tri es ,
i n Bri tai n perhaps , w i thou tan y s tru ggle
.W hen Ic on tem platew hatthec harac terof aBu d d hi s t
m u s thav ebeen bef orec orru pti on c repti n tothereli gi on , Ic an read i ly beli ev ean y thi n gw hi c hi s
good of apeopleprof es s i n gi t
.T hereal, tru e, c on s c i en ti ou s Bu d d hi s t, m u s thav ebeen an ex ac t
prototy peof Jes u s Chri s t, as Is hallprov e, bothi n d oc tri n ean d prac ti c e
.Iti s pretty ev i d en t
f rom theP as c alf eas t, thes ac ri f i c eof theLam b, thec han geof thebegi n n i n gof they eartothe
f i rs tof A ri es , thean geratA aron ' s Bu llorBu lls , thegoi n gbac kof theIs raeli tes totheBu lls of
Bethav on , pt n ' s
bi tan , & c ., & c .,
agreatpartof M os es ' s obj ec tw as thec han geof thef es ti v alof
theequ i n ox f rom T au ru s toA ri es
.Ic an n othelps u s pec ti n gthati n v ery an c i en tti m es ahu m an
bei n gw as s ac ri f i c ed attheP as c alf es ti v alby s om ed ev otees , an d thatthes tory of A braham ' s s a-
c ri f i c eof Is aac w as them y thologi c m od eof d es c ri bi n gthec han ge, ei therf rom thi s w ors hi p, or
f rom theof f eri n gof thebu llorc alf , tothatof theLam b, perhaps of both
.
T hes i m u ltan eou s ex i s ten c eof thew ors hi pof thes u n i n T au ru s w i ththes u n i n A ri es , i s , i n
m os tc as es , eas i ly ac c ou n ted f or
.In gen erali tw as n otan aboli ti on of an old w ors hi ps om u c h
as thead d i ti on of an ew on e, w hi c hw as requ i red tokeepthef es ti v als
i n ord er. S othati n m os t
c as es thetw ow ou ld goon am i c ably together, theprej u d i c es of thef ollow ers of theold reli gi on
bei n gi n d u lged
.T hu s w ef i n d thef es ti v alof T au ru s c on ti n u ed alon gw i ththatof A ri es i n Bri -
tai n .
In thepen i n s u laof In d i athereappears tohav ebeen as ev eres tru ggle, an d theold reli -
gi on i s ts w ereex pelled
; bu tev en heres om erem ai n s of theold orT au ri c reli gi on aref ou n d : f or
i n s tan c e, i n thetem pleatJaggern au t, an d atM av ali pu ram orM ahabali pore, thec i ty of theG reat
Bali , theru i n s of w hi c hon thec oas tof Corom an d el, n earS ad ras s , prov ei ttohav ebeen of v as t
s i ze .
In E gy ptthey appeartohav egon eon am i c ably .A n d w ehav eOs i ri s , A pi s , S erapi s , an d
Ju pi terA m m on - Os i ri s , af terhi s d eath, regen erated , tran s m i grated i n tothebod y of A pi s
.P lu -
tarc hs ay s thattheBu llA pi s w as an i m ageof thes pi ri tof Os i ri s
.i
CH A P T E RIX
Baal- S i rW m .Jon es an d theD es ati r- - E ty m ology of thew orld Bal- D r
.H ager
on A pollo- Cu f aG ras s , S ac ri f i c eof .
1 . BA LA
orBalw as on eof then am es of Bu d d ha . 2 Itc an n otbem od ern ; i n m os tan c i en t
ti m es i ti s ev ery w heretobef ou n d - i n Carthage, S i d on , T y re, S y ri a, A s s y ri a- theBaalof the
H ebrew s .
Iti s i m pos s i bletom od ern i zehi m .T hetem ples w i ththeBu llrem ai n i n g, an d the
ru i n s of them os tm agn i f i c en tc i ty of M aha- bali - poren otqu i tebu ri ed ben eaththew av es , an d the
' D eIs .etOs i r .

2 W i lf ord , A s i at .Res .Vol .X .p.134 .

BookV
.ChapterIX .S ec ti on 2

25 7
f i gu res i n thetem ples prov ethean ti qu i ty of thi s c ru c i f i ed G od . Captai n W i lf ord has poi n ted ou t
s om ev ery s tri ki n gtrai ts of res em blan c ei n thetem ples of BalorBu d d ha, i n A s s y ri a, In d i a, an d
E gy pt :
bu tthi s i s n ots u rpri s i n g, f orthey w erealltem ples of A pi s , theBu llof theZ od i ac .
F rom agreatv ari ety of obs erv ati on s i tappears tom ethattheearli es trem ai n s of an ti qu i ty m ay
beex pec ted tobef ou n d i n them os trem otes i tu ati on s - on theex trem ebou n d s of c on ti n en ts , or
i n i s lan d s , ori n plac es them os td i s tan tf rom thec en treof m i grati on
. T hu s , S y ri af rom u pper
In d i a
; agai n , theIon i an s on theW es tof A s i aM i n or, theBri ti s h, an d s ti llm oretheIri s h . In
thes es i tu ati on s them i grators f rom thef i rs thi v es ettled , an d rem ov ed n om ore
; an d here, i n c on -
s equ en c e, theearli es thabi ts , c u s tom s , an d G od s , aref ou n d
.
In theIn d i an A rc hi pelagotherearean i s lan d of M ad u ra, an d an i s lan d of Bali . In thef i rs t,
w heretheBrahm i n reli gi on prev ai ls , i ti s d i f f i c u ltn ottorec ogn i zead u pli c ate' of theM u ttraor
M atu reaof Cri s tn a, on theJu m n a
.In thes ec on d , Bali , w ehav ethes am en am eas thetem ples
of M aha- Bali - pore, ali ttletothes ou thof M ad ras - of theBali s oof ten c on n ec ted i n u pper
In d i aw i thCri s tn a, of theBaalof S y ri a, of H an - n i - balan d A s d ru - balof Carthage, of Beli n u s of
Bretagn e, an d of BaalorBal- ti m ore, Bal- li n as loe, an d of thef i res of theBaalof Irelan d , throu gh
w hi c hthepeopley etpas s thei rc hi ld ren , as they d i d of old ti m ei n A s i a
.
T hei d en ti ty of thes e
res pec ti v eBals d oes n otd epen d on i d en ti ty of n am es on ly , bu ti s c on f i rm ed by hi s tori c alan d pre-
s en tex i s ti n gf ac ts an d loc alc u s tom s , li kethatlas tn am ed
. 1
Of thei s lan d s hereallu d ed toCraw f ord 2 s ay s ,
" T herearetw oi s lan d s n eartheeas t- en d of thei s lan d of Jav ac alled Balli , orBaly , an d M a-
" d u ra. T hey hav eau ac i en tlan gu ageof thei row n , w hi c hd i f f ers en ti rely f rom thei rn ei ghbou rs ' :
"
thelatteri s thegran d em pori u m of theBrahm i n reli gi on i n theIn d i an A rc hi pelago
.Iti s n ow
" alm os tc on f i n ed tothes etw oi s lan d s ."
W hen alltheotherc i rc u m s tan c es arec on s i d ered , i tw i lln othav es u rpri s ed theread ertof i n d the
H ebrew G od Baal, thebu ll- head ed , am on gtheH i n d ooG od s
.
H ei s c alled Bala- llam a or Bala-
had ra. H ei s theeld erbrotherof Cri s tn a, thati s , probably , heprec ed ed Cri s tn a . M .G u i gn i au t
s ay s , Balai s ev i d en tly an i n c arn ati on of thes u n ; an d M r .M u llerrem arks , thatbei s am od i f i c a-
ti on of S ri - Ram a,
an d f orm s thetran s i ti on orc on n ec ti n gli n kbetw een
S ri - Ram a an d Cri s tn a .
T hi s S ri i s
ev i d en tly the- l1Vs rorOs i ri s , w i ththebu llof E gy pt
. T hi s S ri i s f ou n d i n theS u ry a
of In d i a, w hi c hi s n ootherthan Bu d d ha
; as w ehav es een , i ti s theori en talw ord f orBu ll, 1t v
s u r,
f rom w hi c hperhaps S y ri a, w herethew ors hi pof Baalprev ai led , had i ts n am e . Bali i s allow ed by
theBrahm i n s tohav ebeen an i n c arn ati on orA v atar, bu thei s als os ai d tohav ebeen agreat
ty ran tan d c on qu ered by Cri s tn a .
In thehi s tory of thi s A v atartheri s eof Cri s tn i s m i s d es c ri bed
.
Vi s hn u orCri s tn aatf i rs tpreten d s tobev ery s m all, bu tby d egrees i n c reas es toagreats i ze, ti llat
las theex pels thegi an t, bu tleav es hi m thes ov erei gn ty of agloom y ki n gd om . 3
2.S i rW
.Jon es , i n hi s S i x thA n n u alD i s c ou rs e, gi v es an ac c ou n tof ac elebrated P ers i an w ork,
c alled theD es ati r, w ri tten by apers on n am ed M os han i F an i , i n w hi c hi s d es c ri bed ad y n as ty of P ers i an
ki n gs d es c en d i n gf rom ac ertai n M ahabad w horei gn ed ov erthew holeearth, by w hom , hes ay s ,
thec as tes w erei n v en ted
; thatf ou rteen M ahabad s orG reatBu d d has had appeared orw ou ld ap-
pear ; an d thatthef i rs tof them lef taw orkc alled theD es ati r, orRegu lati on s , 4 an d w hi c hw as
T hew ord BaalorBalw as i n f ac tati tle of hon ou r
.D r.Ru s s ellobs erv es , " thatthi s s am eti tlew as c on f erred
by
theP hoen i c i an s , theP ers i an s , theS y ri an s , theP hry gi an s , an d ev en by therem otepeople of In d i a, on allthei rs ov e-
rei gn s " T heJew s , w hopas s ed thei rc hi ld ren throu ghthef i retoBaal, w erec alled pu pi ls of Bu d d haorBau d d hers .
2K i n gs x v i i . 17 ; Cam bri d geK ey , Vol .II .p220 .
'
H i s t.In d .A rc hi pel .
Vol .II
.P .9
7 .

3
Creu zer, Vol .1 .p .18 7 .
4 Of w hi c hw en ow hav eatran s lati on , pu bli s hed by M u llaF i ru zBi n K au s , f rom theCou ri erpres s , Bom bay , 18 18 .
25 8 E ty m ology of theW ord Bal
rec ei v ed by M ahabad f rom theCreator
. T hi s M aha- Bad i s ev i d en tly thegreatBu d d ha
; ' an d the
M aha- Bu l or M aha- Beli
thegreatBaalorBolof S y ri a, w i ththehead of abu ll, i n f ac tthes u n -
thew holem os tc learly an as trologi c aloras tron om i c alm y thos orallegory
. T heD es ati r, thew ork
hereallu d ed to, i s w ri tten i n av ery an c i en tlan gu age,
w hi c h, i ti s s ai d , w ou ld hav ebeen u n i n telli -
gi blew i thou ttheP ers i an tran s lati on . A s am y thos theM ahabad i an hi s tory of M os han i F an i i s
v ery i n teres ti n g ; as thetru eac c ou n tof ad y n as ty of ki n gs i ti s n othi n g .
Bu tIthi n ktherei s great
reas on tobeli ev ethattheD es ati ri s on eof theold es treli gi ou s w orks ex i s ti n g, thou ghprobably
m u c hc orru pted by theM oham ed an M os han i . T hi s w orkc on f i rm s w hatIhav es ai d i n B
.V .
Ch .V .S .2, thatM en u an d Bu d d haw erei d en ti c al
.
S i rW i lli am Jon es m ai n tai n s thatM ahabad i s thes am eas theIn d i an M en u
;
thatthef ou rteen
M ahabad s arethef ou rteen m an i f es tati on s of M en u ;
thatthec eles ti albookof M ahabad i s the
c eles ti albookof M en u
; an d thatthef ou rc as tes of M ahabad arethef ou rc as tes of M en u
. 2 M a-
habad an d M en u w erethes am e, bec au s ebothw erethes u n
.
Bu tthey w ereprobably n otthe
s am ei n c arn ati on . T hi s , how ev er, i s of li ttlec on s equ en c e
. 3
3
.T oretu rn tothew ord Baal . T hew ord 5 y s
hot, c alled by u s Baal, s eem s tobean ori gi n alroot
.
Itm akes
o"
p=Boli m i n i ts plu ral .
S c hleu s n ers ay s , BaaO
o
et11Baal
.
N om en H ebrai c u m i n -
d ec li n abi le
; 5 y n hot qu od s i gn i f i c at d om i n u m .
Li kethew ord
5 K at i ts eem s tom akebothi ts m as -
c u li n ean d f em i n i n ei n D ' i m . 5
hoti s als oc alled D ' m
tJK
alei n z.
Iti s s ai d by P arkhu rs ttobe
equ i v alen ttotheG reeek
` 0 s X ow , on ehav i n gau thori ty .
Iti s als os ai d by hi m tom ean thes olar
f i re . Baali s als oc alled
Lord of heav en , w hi c hm ay bethem ean i n gof - p
; v 5 y 3Bols w ai n , tran s -
lated Lord of heav en . Bu t
v ow s m i n z
orf btZ
s m i n m ean ttheplan ets orthed i s pos ers .
Its m os t
rem arkablem ean i n gw as thatof aBeev eof ei thergen d er
.
Itw as an i d olof theS y ri an s orA s s y -
ri an s , of ten repres en ted as am an w i ththehead of abu ll
. 4
In theH ebrew orChald eelan gu age, w es eethew ord Baali s w ri tten
5 y n Bol . T heS y ri an s
had c on s tan tly thehabi tof c han gi n gthey oi n the
; 7 e, an d theei n too ; thu s , w i ththem , on the
s ea- c oas t, i tw as c alled
5 ; 1: l Bel.
T hes es ea- c oas tpeoplew eretheP elas gi , w how en ttoG reec e,
an d , f rom thei rc han gi n gtheBi n toP , probably c am etheG reekH om eri c v erb
IIr? w Iam . F rom
thes eP elas gi c s ai lors of S y ri a, c arn etheBelorBeli n u s i n totheW es t
. A llthi s c on f i rm s P ark-
hu rs t' s i d eaof i ts m ean i n g o rX w v ,
or on ehav i n g
au thori ty . F rom thi s c om es thew ord P eloru s
P el- aou r, orBel- s ou r- S elf - ex i s ten tf i re- thes on of Is i s , theM ai aorG reatM other
. T hetru e
' Vi d eF aber, P ag .Id ol .Vol .II .pp
.7 4 - 8 3 .

4
D i s c .on P ers
.A s i at .Res . Vol .II .p .5 9 .
3 F aber, P ag .Id ol .VolIII .p
.4 4 1 .
Iti s c leartom ethattheD es ati ri s aw orkof S abean Bu d d hi s ts , orBu d d hi s ts w how ors hi ped , as aki n d of m ed i ators ,
theP lan ets
.W i ththem H u rm u s d i s Ju pi ter, orlao- pi ter .( P
.7 4 .) T heplan ets arealln am ed an d ares u ppos ed to
hav ei n telli gen ts ou ls , an d arec alled an gels
.T hes tars als oares u ppos ed tohav ei n telli gen ts ou ls
. I s hallhereaf ter
s ay m oreres pec ti n gthef ou rteen M ahabad s
.
'
F orBu ll- w ors hi p, s eeD ' A n c arv i lle,
Vol.I .
M y ex plan ati on of thew ord P elas gi , i n theCelti c D ru i d s , Ch
.VI .S ec t.X X IX
., i s of c on s i d erablei m portan c e, as i t
rem ov es m an y obs c u ri ti es w hi c harec au s ed by thes epeoplei n an c i en thi s tory .
I am happy tof i n d m y s elf s u pported
i n ac on c lu s i v em an n erby Bi s hopCu m berlan d , ( Ori gen G en t
. p .29 5 , )
w hos ay s , " M y opi n i on i s , thatthei rn am e
" c om es f rom , reX ay i oi ,
by i n s erti n gtheletters , w hi c hw as u s u ally d on ei n an c i en tti m es
: an d s u c hw eretheti m es

w hen thi s n am ew as f i rs tgi v en

.F oron eex am pleof thi s , hei s c alled
M as s es i n
Oi on y s i u s H ali c arn as s en s i s ,
w hoi s

M an es i n H erod otu s
. A gai n , Cas m aen aef orCam aen ae
: Cas m i llu s f orCam i llu s ` : an d D u s m u s f orD u m u s , & c
., & c .

F orIbeli ev ei ton ly s i gn i f i es thatthey w eres tran gers thatc am eby s ea ( aOay os )

tos ettlem orec om m od i ou s ly than
" they w erebef ore
:
s othey m i ghtbead v en tu rers of an y tri be, f am i ly , orn ati on :
orm i x tof m an y thatw ou ld agreeto
"
s eekthei rf ortu n eby s hi ppi n gi n toan otherc ou n try
." M y rs i lu s , theLes bi an , s ay s , theT y rrhen i an s obtai n ed the
n am eof S torks orP elas gi bec au s ethey d epartan d retu rn agai n
.T hi s s hew s them tobes ai lors
.N i ebu hr, Vol .I .
p.6 9 .
Book1' .ChapterIX
.S ec ti on 4

25 9
G od w as ori gi n ally c alled 5 y s Bol, 1
T hou s halt n o m orec allm eBaali . H ew as af terw ard c alled
ri '
i e or
11~ '
i eu e, w hi c hm ean ttheS elf - ex i s ten t, an d w as therootof thew ord Iaao, orIao- pater,
Ju pi ter, an d i n E gy pt, w i ththehead of aram , w as c alled Ju pi terA m m on .T hef ollow ers of
Baalw erethew ors hi pers of thes u n i n T au ru s
:
thos eof laoof A m m on - of thes u n i n A ri es
.
F rom thew ord 5 y 1 Bol
probably c am eou rw ord Bu ll
.H erethes tru gglebetw i x tthetw os ec ts
of T au ru s an d A ri es s hew s i ts elf .
4 .T heA polloof theG reeks w as n othi n gbu tthen am eof theIs raeli ti s han d S y ri an Bol 5 y s bol,
w i ththeChald eeem phati c arti c lepref i x ed an d theu s u alG reekterm i n ati on .
D r.H agers ay s , 0 0 H eli opoli s , ( of E gy pt, ) orthec i ty of thes u n , w herethef i rs t obeli s ks w ere
"
erec ted , an d w herethes u n w as f i rs tw ors hi ped
.It( Jablon s ki ' s P roleg .) s eem s thatthen am e
" of A pollo, orthes u n am on gtheG reeks , w as li kew i s ed eri v ed f rom
Bel, otherw i s eBaal, w i than
~ ~ ai n ." T hen , af ters om ereas on i n gi n w hi c hIc an n otagreew i thhi m , hes ay s ,
" T hu s i n the
"
G reekalphabet, w hi c hi s d eri v ed f rom theP hoen i c i an , the o m i c ron s tan d s ex ac tly i n thes am e

plac ew heretheai n ( as hem i s c alls theoi n ) of theP hoen i c i an s tood , w hos es hapei tals ohas re-
"
tai n ed . Bes i d es , w hati n Chald aeaw as pron ou n c ed li kean a, i n S y ri as ou n d ed li keo- as olaph
G Q i n s tead of aleph, d olath i n s tead of d aleth, & c . If w ethen j oi n aG reekterm i n ati on , an d pref i x
` ~ theP hoen i c i an arti c le H a,
w ehav etheA polloof theG reeks an d Rom an s , w hohad n oas pi rate
G Q letters , li kethem od ern G reeks an d Itali an s , thei rd es c en d an ts , ord i d n otpron ou n c ethem .T he
` ~ s am e Bel w as als oc alled P u l
: w hi c hw eou ghtn ottow on d erat, theai n bei n gagu tterals ou n d ,

s om eti m es approac hi n gto a, s om eti m es too, an d s om eti m es to u . T hen c ew ef i n d thed i f f eren t

" pron u n c i ati on s of Bal, Bol, P u l, j u s tas
Bu t, P ot, F o, i n m oreE as tern c ou n tri es
." 2
On lev oi t( BaalorBel) c om m en om d u S olei l, s ay s Cou n td eG ebeli n , s u rd es m d d ai lles P hd -
n i c i en n es d eCad i zetd eplu s i eu rs au tres v i lles d ' E s pagn e . 3
H en c eBaalbeki n S y ri aw as c alled
by theG reeks H eli opoli s ,
an d ac c ord i n gtoM ac robi u s A s s y ri i H eli opoli s olem m agn apom p$
c olu eres u bJov i s H eli opoli tan i n om i n e
. 4
T hem os trem arkableof therem ai n s of theIn d i an BalorBala- Ram ay ettobef ou n d i n the
W es t, i s thetem pleof H eli opoli s orBalbec i n S y ri a .Jablon s ki i n f orm s u s , thatBeean d Beth
ares y n on y m ou s .T hen thi s w i llbethe ry e
bi t ortem pleorhou s eof Bal .T herem ai n s of the
m od ern tem plearev ery largean d m agn i f i c en t ; bu tIlearn f rom an i n telli gen ty ou n gf ri en d an d
trav eller, thatthi s bu i ld i n gi s ev i d en tly of tw od ates - thati ti s aG rec i an bu i ld i n g, erec ted u pon
Cy c lopw an f ou n d ati on s
.T herei s on es ton eu pw ard s of 6 0 f eetlon g, an d 12f eetthi c k, w hi c h
i s plac ed i n aw all, atleas t20 f eetf rom thegrou n d
.T heCy c lopm an rem ai n s prov ethatthi s
tem plew as erec ted i n them os trem oteau ra .Iti s rem arkablethat, li keS ton ehen gean d A bu ry ,
n oRom an orG reekw ri terhas n oti c ed i tbef oretheti m eof A u gu s tu s .A n ton i n u s i s s ai d tohav e
rebu i ltthetem ple, bu ti tm u s thav ebeen on theold f ou n d ati on s .T heG reekn am eH eli opoli s
prov es , i f proof w erew an ti n g, them ean i n gof thew ord Bal .
5
'
H os eai i .16 .
D i s s .on Baby l
.A n t
.p.35 .
T hatBelw as theS u n , s eeVos s
.d eId ol . ;
Vi tri n ga, Com m en ti n Is a .x lv i .ap .
Bru c ker. ; H i s t .Cri t .P hi los . ; d eP hi los .Chald oeor .Li b .i i .Cap
.i i . ; H i s t.Baby l . ; U n i v ers .H i s t
.Vol .III.S ec t .i i .
3 M on d eP ri m i ti f , Vol .IV .

4
S atu rn , Li b .i . ; H ager, D i s s ert .on Bab .A n t .
s
In m y Celti c D ru i d s , ( p
.19 8 , ) Ihav ed eri v ed Ju pi terf rom Iao- pater . M r.S haron T u rn er( T ran s .S oc .Li t .) en -
ables m etogotoam ored i s tan tf ou n tai n , perhaps thef ou n tai n - head of thes am es tream . H es ay s , p .4 9 , S an s c ri t
M atri
m other ; p .6 0 , S an s c ri t Ipatri f ather . H erearem os tc learly the M ater an d P aterof Italy . Bu thow c am ethe
Itoprec ed ethe P atri ?
Ithi n ki tw as thes am e I w hi c hIhav en oti c ed i n m y Celti c D ru i d s , Chap .V.S ec t .X LII
., as
thes ac red n am eof thei s lan d of Ion a, c alled IIi n thean n als of U ls ter, an d by w hi c htheG od Jehov ahor Z 1n +Ieu ei s
alw ay s c alled by theChald eeparaphras es , w hi c hc on f i rm s w hatItheres ai d res pec ti n gIon a . Iti s alm os ti m pos s i bleto
read apageof S i rW i lli am Jon es ' s w orks an d n ottoobs erv etheelem en ts of thew ord n m rm t
i eu e rec u rri n gc on ti n u ally
2 6 0
Yaj n aorP as s ov er
5 .T heH i n d oos hav eas ac ri f i c eheld i n v ery hi ghes teem w hi c h, thei rtrad i ti on s s tate, goes
bac ktothem os trem otes era
: thi s i s thes ac ri f i c eof ac ertai n s pec i es of gras s , c alled Cu f agras s
.
T hi s an c i en ts ac ri f i c ew as als oi n u s eam on gtheE gy pti an s
.Iti s n oti c ed by P orphy ry d eabs ti -
n en ti d , Ii n thes ew ord s : " Its eem s thattheperi od i s of i m m en s ean ti qu i ty , f rom w hi c han ati on ,
" them os tlearn ed of allothers , as T heophras tu s s ay s , an d w hoi n habi tthem os ts ac red regi on
" m ad eby theN i le, began f i rs t, f rom theVes talhearth, tos ac ri f i c etothec eles ti alG od s , n ot

m y rrh, orc as s i a, orthef i rs t- f ru i ts of thi n gs , m i n gled w i ththec roc u s of f ran ki n c en s e

: f or

thes ew ereas s u m ed m an y gen erati on s af terw ard , i n c on s equ en c eof errorgrad u ally i n c reas i n g,
" w hen m en w an ti n gthen ec es s ari es of li f eof f ered , w i thgreatlabou ran d m an y tears , s om ed rops
" of thes e, as f i rs t- f ru i ts totheG od s
.H en c ethey d i d n otatf i rs ts ac ri f i c ethes e, BU T G RA S S ,
" w hi c h, as ac ertai n s of tw oolof proli f i c n atu re, they plu c ked w i ththei rhan d s
."
T hei d en ti ty of thetw os ac ri f i c es of gras s as s i m i lates v ery w ellw i ththev en erati on of the
E gy pti an s an d P H aN ICIA x s f orthec ow
.2
CH A P T E RX
Yaj j n aorP as s ov er- E i ghtVas u s
.
1 .IF thereli gi on s of M os es an d theH i n d oos w erethes am e, i tw as reas on abletoex pec tthat
w es hou ld f i n d thec elebrated E gy pti an f es ti v alof theP as s ov eri n bothc ou n tri es , an d i ti s f ou n d
ac c ord i n gly
.W ehav ei ti n them os ts olem n of thereli gi ou s ri tes of theBrahm i n s , thes ac ri f i c e
of theYaj n aortheLam b
.
Ihav en od ou btthat, w i ththeH ebrew s , thi s s u c c eed ed totheM i thrai ti c s ac ri f i c eof theBu ll
;
an d thati tw as i n c elebrati on of thepas s ageorpas s ov erof theequ i n oc ti als u n f rom theBu llto
theRam
.T hi s hi s tory of thepas s ageof thes u n an d of thepas s ageof theIs raeli tes f rom E gy pt,
af f ord s av ery rem arkableex am pleof thed ou blem ean i n gof theH ebrew books
.T hes tory of the
ten plagu es of E gy ptm i ghtbev ery s u i tablef ortherabble3of Jeru s alem an d Lon d on , bu tthe
hi gherc las s es i n thef orm erhad , an d 1s hou ld hopei n thelattern ow hav e, toom u c hs en s eto
beli ev es u c hd egrad i n gac c ou n ts of theD ei ty as theLIT E RA Lm ean i n gof thi s hi s tory ex hi bi ts .
i n then am es of In d i an G od s .Iti s , i n f ac t, theri +i eJahof theChald ees .F atheri s als o, i n theS an c ri tan d Bali lan -
gu ages , P i ta
.T heplan etJu pi teri s c alled Vri has pati i n S an s c ri t .F rom theattri bu tes of thi s G od , S i rW
.Jon es has
s hew n hi m tobetheJu pi terof theLati n s
.T hi s i s probably theP atri w i ths om eotherw ord pref i x ed , perhaps as a
ti tleof hon ou r : an d i ti s probably thew ay i n w hi c hIean d Yeareu s ed i n then am es of theS an s c ri tG od s
.Bu ti n the
old Bali orP ali , alan gu agem u c hold erthan thei m prov ed S an s c ri t, M r
.T u rn ergi v es P ati f orf ather
.
1T ay lor, B
.i i .p .4 7 .
Ibi d .p .5 1 .F orw an tof as y s tem , M r .M au ri c ef alls i n togreatm i s takes .In page4 0 of hi s M od ern H i s tory , ed
.
4 to ., hec alls Cri s tn aBac c hu s
; i n p
.129 , hem akes hi m tobeH erc u les
; an d i n page135 , hem akes hi m Bali .In on e
s en s ehei s ri ght, f orthey areallthes u n , bu tthes u n atd i f f eren tepoc hs .M .G u i gn i au thas obs erv ed , thatallthe
G od s an d G od d es s es of In d i aretu rn orru n i n toon ean other
.T hi s ex ac tly ac c ord s w i thw hattheread erhas alread y
s een - thatalltheG od s an d G od d es s es of theW es tern w orld c en trei n theS u n
.

S eeBry an ton theP lagu es of E gy pt .

BookV
.ChapterX . S ec ti on 1

26 1
Rabbi Bec hai , i n c om m en ti n gon thetw elf thc hapterof E x od u s , s peaks tothef ollow i n gpu rport
S c ri ps i tM ai m on i d es , i n rati on ehz
j u s prc ec epti , qu od propterec lqu od s i d u s A ri es i n m en s eN i s an
m ax i m ev aleret, ethoc s i d u s f ru c tu s germ i n aref ac eret, i d eaj u s s i tD eu s m ac tareari etem
. H erei s a
pretty c learav ow alon thepartof M ai m on i d es , them os tlearn ed of theRabbi n s , thatthepas c hal
lam bw as aty peof theas tron om i c alLam b
.'
Bef oretheti m eof M os es , theE gy pti an s f i x ed thec om m en c em en tof they earatthev ern al
equ i n ox . R.A .S ebas ay s ,
In c i pi eban tau tem _,E gy pti i n u m erarem en s es abeotem pore, qu os ol
i n gres s u s es ti n i n i ti w n s i d eri s A ri eti s , & c .
In theOri en talChron i c lei ti s s ai d , thatthed ay w hen
thes u n en tered i n toA ri es ,
w as s olen n i s ac c eleberri m u s apu d E gy pti os .
Bu tthi s A gy pti an f es ti -
v alc om m en c ed on thev ery d ay w hen theP as c hallam bw as s eparated
. In s u perd i em en s i s d ec i m o,
s ay s R.A .S eba,
i ps oi llo d i equ o ., E gy pti i i n c i pi eban tc elebrarec u ltu m
4 ri eti s , 8 j c ., plac u i tD eo
u ts u m eren tagn u m , 8 f c . 2
In thi s f es ti v altheIs raeli tes m arked thei rd oor- pos ts , & c , , w i thblood ,
the) E gy pti an s m arked thei rgood s w i thred . 3
T heH ebrew n am ew as
ri ps h
pes ac h, w hi c h
m ean s tran s i t . T heLam bi ts elf i s als oof ten c alled P es ec h, ortheP as s ov er
.
In In d i a, thed ev otees throw red pow d eron on ean otheratthef es ti v alof theH u llorv ern al
equ i n ox . T hi s red pow d er, theH i n d oos s ay , i s i n i m i tati on of thepollen of plan ts , thepri n c i ple
of f ru c ti f i c ati on , thef low erof theplan t .
H erew earri v eatthei m portof thi s m y s tery .
A plan t
w hi c hhas n otthi s pow d er, thi s f low erorf lou r, i s u s eles s ;
i td oes n otprod u c es eed .
Ic ou ld
c arry thi s f arther, s ed s at f orthepres en t
.
4
T hi s H u li f es ti v ali s thef es ti v alof thev ern al
equ i n ox ; i ti s the Yu le
;
i ti s theori gi n of ou rw ord holy ;
i ti s Ju li u s , Yu li u s .
T hef ollow ers of Vi s hn u obs erv ed thec u s tom , on gran d oc c as i on s , of s ac ri f i c i n garam
.
T hi s
s ac ri f i c ew as c alled Yaj n a ; an d thef i reof theYaj n aw as c alled
Yaj n es w ara,
ortheG od f i re .
T hew ord " Yaj n a, M .D u boi s s ay s , ( p .316 , ) i s d eri v ed f rom A gn i
f i re, as i f i tw eretothi s G od
~ ~ thatthes ac ri f i c ew as really of f ered
.
In eed n otpoi n tou ttheres em blan c ebetw een thew ord
~ ~ A gn i
an d theLati n Ign i s ." A n d Is u ppos e I
n eed n otpoi n tou ttheres em blan c eof thew ord
A gn i totheLati n A gn u s , tothos ew hohav es een then u m erou s ex traord i n ary c oi n c i d en c es i n the
lan gu ages of Italy an d In d i a, w hi c hIhav es hew n i n thi s w orkan d i n m y Celti c D ru i d s
.
M r.
Ben tley s ay s , ( p
.4 5 , ) G Q
A ri es ortheRam i s tobef ou n d i n thes i gn of A gn i , w ho, ac c ord i n gto
G
thef i c ti on s of theH i n d u s , w as f ei gn ed tori d ethatan i m al
."
Its eem s tom ethatthe RE V
.M .
D u boi s d i d n otc hoos etos eethe A gn u s ,
thou ghhec ou ld c learly s eethe Ign i s .
A gn u s i s n ots oproperly theLati n w ord f oralam bas f oran an i m alpec u li arly d ed i c ated to
G od , hos ti apu ra
; theref ores i m i lartotheG reek
u y v bg
pu ru s .
T helam bbei n gthean i m alpec u -
li arly s ac red , thu s bec am ec alled A gn u s . T hi s theread erw i lls eec on f i rm ed aton c eby tu rn i n g
toM oore' s H i n d ooP an theon , ( P late8 0 , ) w heretherearethreeex am ples of theA gn i A v atar
; on e
i s ri d i n gon aRam , theothertw ohav ef lags i n thei rhan d s , on w hi c harei n s c ri bed theRam
. H e
m ay als os eethes am erepeated s ev eralti m es i n theplates of M .Creu zer.
In thi s c erem on y of s ac ri f i c i n gthelam bthed ev otees of In d i ac hau n tw i thalou d v oi c e,
W hen
w i lli tbethattheS av i ou rw i llbeborn
!
W hen w i lli tbethattheRed eem erw i llappear!
T he
Brahm i n s , thou ghthey eatn of les hon an y otheroc c as i on , atthi s s ac ri f i c etas tethef les hof the
an i m al : an d thepers on of f eri n gthes ac ri f i c em akes av erbalc on f es s i on of hi s s i n s 5 an d rec ei v es
abs olu ti on
.
6
On thi s In eed m aken oobs erv ati on . M r .P arkhu rs t' s d oc tri n eof ty pes ex plai n s
1 D ru m .( E d .Ju d . p.37 6 .

s
Ibi d
.
P
.37 8 .

9
Ibi d .p
.38 0 .
S eeabeau ti f u ln ote, N o.6 6 , i n P rof es s orH au ghton ' s Law s
of
M en u , tow hi c h I s hallretu rn .
a
Lou bBres ay s , au ri c u larc on f es s i on i s prac ti s ed by theS i am es e
.
5
T rav els an d Letters of theJes u i ts , tran s lated f rom theF ren c h, 17 13 ; Lon d on ,
17 14 , pp .14 - 23,
s i gn ed Bou c het .
2
6 2
Yaj n a orP as s ov er
i ttothos ew hoad m i tthed oc tri n eof ty pes
.T heH i n d oos hav eas ac red f i rew hi c hn ev erd i es ,
an d as ac ri f i c ec on n ec ted w i thi t, c alled Om an
.'
T hey hav eals othec u s tom of c as ti n gou td ev i ls
f rom peoplepos s es s ed , by pray ers an d c erem on i es , 2
w hi c hi s als oprac ti s ed by thepeopleof S i am .
A llthi s i s v ery i m portan t .
T hef i rs ts en ten c eof theReg- Ved ai s s ai d tobeA gn i m - i le,
I s i n gprai s etof i re . H erew eare
told thatA gn i m m ean s f i re
.W hen w eref lec tu pon thes lai n lam b, an d thec allf ortheS av i ou r,
w em u s tbes tru c kw i ththes c en ei n thef i f thc hapterof theA poc aly ps e, f rom v ers ef i v etoten ,
w hereprai s ei s gi v en tothes lai n Lam b
.T hei d en ti ty of theM y thos es c an n otbed en i ed .
T hatthew ord agn u s m ean s
lam b ev ery on ekn ow s ; bu ti tw i ll, perhaps , bes ai d , thatthou ghi t
m ay hav ethi s m ean i n gi n Lati n orE tru s c an , i thas i tn oti n S an s c ri t
.T othi s Ireply , i f i thav e
n otthi s m ean i n gi n theS an s c ri t, i tm u s thav ehad i ti n theold lan gu ageon w hi c htheS an s c ri t
w as bu i lt, bec au s ei ti s i m pos s i bletoc on s i d erthew ay i n w hi c hw ef i n d theIn d i an lan gu agem i x ed
w i thLati n , an d tos eetheA gn i alw ay s m ou n ted on alam b, ori n s om ew ay orotherac c om pan i ed
by thelam b, an d thelam bs lai n an d bu rn t, w i thou tbeli ev i n gthat, how ev eri tm ay hav ec han ged ,
i tm u s ton c ehav ehad thi s m ean i n g
.Bu ti tprobably had boththem ean i n gof theLam ban d of
f i re- of the S u n i n A ri es .
T hew holes eem s torai s eapres u m pti on thatthi s Lam bw ors hi pw as
i n ex i s ten c ebef orethearti f i c i alS an s c ri tw as c om pos ed , an d thattheBrahm i n s hav elos tthe
m ean i n gof thei rm y thology as w ellas of thei ras tron om y
.Ion ly w i s hm y read ertoc as thi s ey e
ov ertheplates of theA gn i i n M oorean d Creu zer, tobec on v i n c ed of w hatIs ay
.Iti s thes am e
w i ththew ord Iay a, an d s ev eralothers , w hi c hIhav epoi n ted ou ti n thec ou rs eof thi s w ork .
Its eem s tom etobequ i tei m pos s i blef oran y pers on w hohas s tu d i ed thi s s u bj ec t, an d c on s i d ered
theZ od i ac alA gn u s , theYaj n as ac ri f i c e, thew ors hi pof thelam bi n theE as tan d i n theW es t, an d
thei c on s of A gn i w i ththeLam bon them , tod ou btthattheA gn u s m ean s lam b : then , tos u c ha
pers on , theproof thattheA gn u s m ean tlam b, m u s tc arry thec on v i c ti on , thattheori gi n allan gu age
of theearly m y thology i s los t .T hi s i s of greatc on s equ en c e, as i trem ov es theon ly i m ped i m en t
tom y i n terpretati on of then am eof theG od
; n rv
i eu e,
w hi c h, as Ihav es hew n , i s f ou n d i n allthe
n am es of theG od s
. Iam told that, i n theS an s c ri t, M as s i hm ean s ali keA ri es , f i re, an d S av i ou r
.
T hi s i s c orrec tly the
n ' tv n
m s i h
of theH ebrew , thean oi n ted , orS av i ou r
.T hu s theLam bi s the
M es s i ah .
Ikn ow thatm y m ethod of ren d eri n gm an y In d i an n am es w i llbec on tes ted by H i n d oos c holars ,
w how i ll poh, poh m ed ow n , - as w earetold by thetrav eller, I
hav es een , S i r, an d s u re m u s tkn ow !
Bu tIam n ottobepu td ow n i n thi s w ay .Itellthem thatthei rau thori ty , i n m an y c as es , i s
ex ac tly s i m i lartothatw hi c hw as prof f ered tom ei n thec as eof thes ac ri f i c eof theYaj n i
.Is ai d i n
alargeparty of learn ed Ori en tali s ts , thatthi s s ac ri f i c eof theG od A gn i w as n otthatof theG od of
F i rem erely , bu tthatals oof theLam b ;
theA ri es of theZ od i ac
.Iw as poh, poked d ow n , pu td ow n
w i thau thori ty : thes elearn ed gen tlem en s ai d , i thad n otthatm ean i n gi n S an s c ri t
; bu tas Iper-
s i s ted , an d s hew ed them thatthethi n gof f ered i n thes ac ri f i c ew as aLam b, tas ted by Brahm i n s on
thatoc c as i on , thou gh they n ev ereatf les hatan y otherti m e
; - thatthi s G od of f i re, thou ghalw ay s
s u rrou n d ed by aglory , w as atthes am eti m e i n v ari ably ac c om pan i ed by aLam b, hem os tly ri d i n g
alam b, they w eres i len c ed .T hetru thw as , they had n ev erlooked s of ar
.Bu tthef ac ti ts elf of
thi s m ean i n gof thew ord bei n glos ti n theS an s c ri t, ten d s toprov ethem od ern d ateof thatlan gu age
.
Ic an n otbeli ev ethattheBrahm i n s d on otkn ow them ean i n gof thew ord A gn u s
.T hei rw i s hf or
s ec rec y c an betheon ly reas on thatIc an i m agi n ef orthes i gn i f i c ati on of i tn otbei n gf ou n d i n
' ON thegen erati v epow erof
OM .
4
T rav els an d Letters of theJes u i ts , pp
.14 - 23
.

3
Ibi d .p .29 .
BookV.ChapterX
.S ec ti on 2
26 3
thei rd i c ti on ari es .A n otherex am pleof los t
s i gn i f i c ati on i s i n thew ord Ya, Ya, c bau n ted i n thei r
c erem on i es .Is hallbetold i tm ean s on ly v i c tory ;
bu ti s n ottheG od Jah,
i 11i '
i eu e an d -, j ' ' i ei e,
alw ay s c alled theG od of v i c tory ? Ithas , theref ore, boththes em ean i n gs
.W hatc an bem ore
s tri ki n gthan thei n v oc ati on i n bothc as es of thes lai n lam ban d of theS av i ou r?
T herei s i n In d i aas ec tortri bec alled A gn i c u las
.T hes eIs u ppos etobef ollow ers of theCy c le
of theA gn i orIgn i . Iti s obs erv ed by A i n s w orth, thatthew ord A gn i c u lu s i s n otLati n
.Ithi n k
m y read ers w i llbes ati s f i ed , bef oreIhav ef i n i s hed , thattheS an s c ri tm u s thav ebeen f orm ed u pon
agreatn u m berof otherlan gu ages .
Yaj n - es w arai s Jan u s - os i ri s , orLord Jan u s
.E s w arai s f ou n d u n i ted ton u m bers of w ord s , an d
s eem s n ow tobeu s ed as an epi thetof hon ou r, li ke
Lord w i thu s . T hes ac ri f i c eof theRam i s the
Ram of theZ od i ac atthev ern alequ i n ox .T hu s thead orati on of theRam s u c c eed ed totheBu ll,
( bu ti td i d n oten ti rely aboli s hi t, ) as i n thec as eof A s terothof theS i d on i an s , w hi c hhad f i rs tthe
head of aBu ll, an d af terw ard thatof aRam .
2.Ibegm y read ertorec ollec tthat, i n thean c i en tlan gu ages , theVan d the1areperpetu ally
c on f ou n d ed an d w ri tten f oron ean other, an d thattheBrahm i n s had ei ghtVas u s , I
orG od s of the
w i n d s , orof ai ri n m oti on , an d thatA gn i w as the
N IN T H
; A gn i , theLord of f i re, c arri ed on the
bac kof aRam an d s ac ri f i c ed atthev ern alequ i n ox .T hu s therew ereei ghtVas u s , then u m berof
theCy c les B
.C
., an d of theS ali v ahan as , of w hom Is halltreatby an d by
.T hi s W i n d w as als o
c alled Vay u - qu ery
rt~ tt' i ei e ? I
c an n othelpbeli ev i n gthatYas u - v ati ( qu ery
Jes u - pates ? ) an d
Ya- d u , thetri beof Cri s tn a' s an c es tors , an d Vas u s an d Vay u an d A gn i an d theLam bw ereall
c los ely c on n ec ted .Cri s tn ai s i d en ti f i ed w i th
Vas u - d ev a by theorthod ox Vai s hn av as
. 2
H av i n g
f i rs tc on s i d ered allthec i rc u m s tan c es relati n gtoCri s tn a, theex traord i n ary tran s f orm ati on s w hi c h
n am es u n d ergoi n pas s i n gf rom on ec ou n try toan other, an d thei n terc han ges of theletters Van d I,
Ibegm y read ertoc on s i d eran d c om parethetw os y llables of then am e Vas u
w i ththew ord
Jes u s ,
an d Ithi n khew i llbeobli ged , w i thm e, toen tertai n as tron gs u s pi c i on thattherehas been s om e
c on n ex i on betw een them .T hew ord
d ev ai s ev i d en tly d eu s ,
an d thu s , w i th Vas u s ,
m aki n gthe
G od Vas u s .
Jad u w as thean c es torof Cri s tn a, 3
thati s ,
rv
i e, ' - 7 d i , holy le .
M oores ay s , " A gn i i s theH i n d u regen torpers on i f i c ati on of f i re
." A gai n , " Iw i llhereobs erv e,
~ ~ thatalthou ghalltheH i n d u d ei ti es partakem oreorles s rem otely of then atu rean d c harac terof
~ ~ S u ry a, ortheS u n , an d allm oreorles s d i rec tly rad i atef rom , orm ergei n , hi m , y etn o' on ei s , I
~ ~ thi n k, s oi n ti m ately i d en ti f i ed w i thhi m as Vi s hn u ; w hetherc on s i d ered i n hi s ow n pers on , ori n
~ ~ thec harac terof hi s m os tglori ou s A v ataraof K ri s hn a
." 4
Iti s ev i d en tf rom ac aref u lperu s alof M oore, f rom pp .26 5 - 27 2, thattheBrahm i n s d i d n ot
kn ow w hattom akeof theVas u s orholy ai ri n m oti on .W hen Jes u s w as bapti zed i n theJord an ,
( ari v erhav i n gthes am en am eas P ad u s an d theG an ges , ) hew as f i lled w i ththeH oly G hos torai r
i n m oti on , w hi c hd es c en d ed i n thef orm of ad ov e, an d theA gn i , orLord of f i re, appeared i n the
w ater. 5
F rom thef ollow i n gpas s ageof P orphy ry , d eabs ti n en ti d , I c an n othelpthi n ki n gtheYaj n as ac ri -
f i c ei s probably allu d ed to, w hi c hrec ei v es c on s i d erablec on f i rm ati on f rom i ts c on n ex i on w i thP y -
thagoras , w hos es eraw as thes am eas thatof Bu d d ha, B.v . Ch .i i .S .i
.T he tas ti n g, bu tn ot eati n g,
i s thei d en ti c alprac ti c eof theBrahm i n s ." T hetru thof thi s m ay als obeperc ei v ed f rom thealtar
"
w hi c hi ts ev en n ow pres erv ed abou t
D elos , w hi c h, bec au s en oan i m ali s brou ghtto, ori s s ac ri f i c ed
~ ~ u pon i t, i s c alled thealtarof thepi ou s . S o
thatthei n habi tan ts n oton ly abs tai n f rom s ac ri f i c i n g
' M oore' s In d . P an th
. p
.26 8 .

Colebrooke, T ran s .A s i at. S oc .Vol. I

.P .
5 7 6 .

3 Ibi d . p .5 38 .
4 M oore' s In d .P an th . pp .29 4 , 29 5 .

'
Ju s ti n M arty r .
26 4
Ras i t, orW i s d om , Res u m ed

an i m als , bu tthey li kew i s ec on c ei v e, thatthos ew hoes tabli s hed ares i m i larly pi ou s w i ththos e

w hou s ethealtar
.H en c etheP y thagorean s , hav i n gad opted thi s m od eof s ac ri f i c e, abs tai n ed
f rom an i m alf ood throu ghthew holeof li f e
.Bu tw hen they d i s tri bu ted totheG od s A
CE RT A IN
"
A N IM A L i n s tead of them s elv es , they m erely tas ted of i t,
li v i n gi n reali ty w i thou ttou c hi n gother
" an i m als
." ' T hi s i s thev ery pi c tu reof theBrahm i n prac ti c eatthi s d ay
; i tten d s s tron gly to
s ati s f y m eof thei d en ti ty of theBrahm i n an d P y thagorean s y s tem s
.In Booki v .p.15 2, of the
s am ew ork, P orphy ry i n f orm s u s thati n v ery old ti m es , the, s ac ri f i c i n gori n d eed theu s i n gof the
f les hof an i m als w as n otprac ti s ed ei therby theA then i an s orby theS y ri an s - theS y ri an s , that
i s then ati v es of thean c i en tc i ty of Ion aan d theP alli s ti n i , theIon i an s , of w hom Is halls peak
pres en tly
.A d v an c i n gs ti lleas tw ard s , w ef i n d P orphy ry gi v i n gan ac c ou n tof theM agi f rom E u bo-
lu s , w how rotethei rhi s tory , i n w hi c hhes tates that
" thef i rs tan d m os tlearn ed c las s of theM agi
n ei thereatn ors lay an y thi n gan i m ated , bu tad heretothe
an c i en tabs ti n en c e
f rom an i m als ."
A f terthi s hegoes totheG y m n os ophi s ts c alled S am an ean s an d Brahm i n s of In d i a, of w hom he
gi v es an ac c ou n t, an d f rom w hi c hi tappears thatthey hav ev ari ed v ery li ttlef rom w hatthey w ere
i n hi s ti m e .
Bu tallthes eac c ou n ts s eem tos hew s i gn s of thef i rs tblac kBu d d hi s tpeople, as
eati n gn oan i m alf ood - of theBlac kP elas gi orIon i an s , as c om i n gtoItaly an d bri n gi n gtheblac k
G od an d hi s m otheralon gw i ththem
.A n d they n oton ly brou ghttheblac kG od an d hi s m other,
bu tthey brou ghthi s hou s e, thehou s eatLoretto, as Is halls hew i n i ts properplac e
.
CH A P T E RX I
Ras i t, orW i s d om , res u m ed - S ec retD oc tri n es - Bu ll- head ed an d Ram - head ed
G od s - D ateof theS y s tem
.N am es of Bu d d ha, & c
.- Ign oran c eof theBrah-
m i n s an d A n c i en ts - Creu zer, H am m er, G u i gn i au t, & c
.- T reeof G en es i s at
Ips am bu l, an d thes am ei n M M Ion tf au c on .
1 .T H A T thetri beof Is raeli tes d i d goou tf rom E gy ptan d c on qu erCan aan If eeln od ou bt ; bu t
i ti s v ery c leartom ethatthepri es ts , i n thei rbooks , hav ew rapped u pthew holei n allegory ;
that, i n f ac t, as thelearn ed phi los ophers of theJew s s ay , thes ew ri ti n gs had tw om ean i n gs - on e
f orthepri es ts , an d on ef orthepeople
.T hef orm erm ean i n g, as m i ghtbeex pec ted , has been
n early los t ; thelatteri s s ti llrec ei v ed by m os t
Jew s an d Chri s ti an s
.W hatev i ls hav ebeen pro-
d u c ed by thes y s tem of en d eav ou ri n gtokeepthem as s of m an ki n d i n i gn oran c e !
T hew ord s
rv w n 7 i b- ras i t n od ou bthad tw om ean i n gs , on ef orthepri es ts , an d on ef orthe people- w i s d om
f orthef orm er, begi n n i n g f orthelatter .T hi s i s s tren gthen ed by thef ac t, thattheJew s d i v i d ed
thei rCabalai n totw oparts .T .Bu rn ets ay s , Bari s c hi thetM erkav ah, i lli c phi los ophi am n atu ralem ,
hi eM etapby s i c am i n telli gi .- In thed i s tri bu ti on an d s y s tem of n om en c latu read opted by Jos hu a
f orthelan d of Can aan , an as trologi c al, or, i f m y read erli kei tbetter, an as tron om i c als y s tem w as
ad opted of thes am eki n d as thatw hi c htheIs raeli tes had lef ti n E gy pt
.S i rW i lli am D ru m m on d
has prov ed thi s i n hi s E d i pu s Ju d ai c u s .T hi s w as i n c om pli an c ew i than ord eri n D eu teron om y
' T ay lor' s T ran s .B.II .p .6 5 .
Book1' .ChapterX I .S ec ti on 2

26 5
topu lld ow n thealtars of then ati on s they s u bd u ed , toc u td ow n thei rgrov es , bu rn thei rgrav en
i m ages , an d tod es troy an d blotou tthei rn am es f rom u n d erheav en .'
If d i v i n es d en y thatthew ord f ' tLW
ras i t m ean s w i s d om , an d af f i rm thati ton ly m ean s begi n n i n g,
they f orgetthatthey are
m od ern s ex pou n d i n galan gu agew hi c hhas been d ead m orethan athou -
s an d y ears , agreatpartof w hi c hthebes tj u d ges hav eallow ed tobelos t, orn olon geru n d ers tood ;
an d thatthey ared ec i d i n gagai n s tthec ollec ted opi n i on of thed i v i n es orpri es ts of thepeople
w hos ev ern ac u larlan gu agei tw as ;
i n s hort, agai n s ttheopi n i on of thei rc hu rc h, held by that
c hu rc hw hen thelan gu agew as y etali v i n gon e, an d theref orem u s thav ebeen w ellu n d ers tood .
T hes ereas on s j oi n ed tothos ew hi c hIhav ebef oregi v en , an d by w hi c hIhav es hew n thatthe
m ean i n g
begi n n i n g
as appli ed tothec reati on i s ac tu ally n on s en s e, f u lly j u s ti f y m ei n m ai n tai n i n g
thatthew ord has tw om ean i n gs , an d thati tm ean s both
begi n n i n g an d
w i s d om . Bes i d es , the
read erw i lln otf ai ltoobs erv e, thatthem ean i n g
w i s d om i s
i n good keepi n gw i thallthec abali s ti c
d oc tri n es w hi c hm u s thav ebeen f ou n d ed u pon thi s v ers e
.T heJew i s hS ephi rothc on s i s ted , as I
hav ealread y s hew n , of ten ex i s ten c es , w hi c han s w ered tothetri n i ty , an d tothes pi ri ts orem an a-
ti on s of thes ev en plan etary bod i es
.By s om elaterJew s thef i rs tthreew eres ai d tobeH y pos ta-
s es , theothers ev en E m an ati on s
.H erew ehav ethebegi n n i n gof ou rH y pos tati c alT ri n i ty
.T he
f i rs tof theS ephi rothw as
c oron a,
an d an s w ered totheF ather, or Brahm a ; thes ec on d w as w i s d om ,
1
; opta, thef lgw ' roy ov os an d A oy os , an d an s w ered to Vi s hn u , theP res erv er ; thethi rd w as pru -
d en ti a
orIIv _u p4 oc , an d an s w ered to S i v a i n hi s regen erati n gc apac i ty
.Ic on f es s i tappears tom e
tobes om ew hatpres u m ptu ou s f oram od ern d i v i n etoas s ert, thataw ord i n an an c i en t
d ead lan -
gu age, areli gi ou s epi thet,
has n ot
them ean i n gw hi c hw as gi v en toi tby thepri es ts of thatpeople
w hos elan gu agei tw as , w hen i tw as
a
li v i n g lan gu age, m erely bec au s ei td oes n ots u pporta
m od ern reli gi on
.Li kem an y otherw ord s , i thad tw om ean i n gs
.In thi s c as ethetran s lati on of
thew ord lVti llr' 1
ras i tw i ll ru lethew ord A gX n .
2
.T hepreten d ed gen ealogy of theten thc hapterof G en es i s i s atten d ed w i thm u c hd i f f i c u lty
.It
read s li keagen ealogy : i ti s n otori ou s ly ac hartof geography
.Iti s ex oteri c ally
gen ealogi c al,
es oteri c ally geographi c al . I
hav en od ou btthattheallotm en tof thelan d s by Jos hu aw as as tron o-
m i c al.
Itw as ex ac tly on thes am epri n c i pleas then om es of E gy pt, w hi c hev ery on ekn ow s w ere
n am ed as tron om i c ally , orrather, perhaps , Is hou ld s ay , as trologi c ally .T hed ou blem ean i n gi s
c lear
; bu tprobably theex ac ts olu ti on of thew holeri d d lew i lln ev erbem ad eou t .M os tof the
n am es w hi c haregi v en i n theten thc hapterof G en es i s aref ou n d i n them y s ti c w orkof E zeki el .
T hew orks of alltheprophets arem y s ti c al .T hi s c hapterd i v i d es thew orld i n to7 2n ati on s .
M u c hi n gen u i ty m u s thav ebeen u s ed tom akethem agreew i ththeex ac tn u m berof d od ec an s i n to
w hi c hthegreatc i rc lew as d i v i d ed .Bu tw ho, af terobs erv i n gthi s f ac t, c an helps eei n gthem y s ti -
c alc harac terof thec hapter? M an y of thew orks of theG reeks w ereequ ally m y s ti c al .
Irequ es tan y pers on toread thetrav els of P au s an i as i n G reec e, an d hem u s tbeas ton i s hed at
thepu eri len on s en s ew hi c hthatgood m an appears tohav ebeli ev ed .Bu td i d hebeli ev ei t? W as
n otthebookw ri tten m erely f ortheam u s em en tof d ev otees , li kethe
n av els of ou rev an geli c allad i es
orgen tlem en ? - li ketheP arad i s eLos tof M i lton ? Iti s ev i d en thekn ew thattherew as a s ec ret
d oc tri n e, f ori n s ev eralpas s ages head m i ts i ti n d i s ti n c tterm s . 2
CQ Bu t theparti c u lars res pec ti n gthe
G 0 pom egran ate, as they belon gtoas ec retd i s c ou rs e, Is hallpas s by i n s i len c e ." A gai n , 3 " that
"
s u c hof theG reeks as w eref orm erly rec kon ed w i s e, d es i gn ed ly c on c ealed thei rw i s d om i n aan i g-
~ ~ m as : an d Ic on j ec tu re, thatw hatIhav ej u s tn ow related c on c ern i n gS atu rn c on tai n s s om e-
' Ch . v i i .5 , 24 , i x . 14 .

' B.i .Ch .x i v ., B .i .Ch . x x x v i i ., B.i i .Ch .x v i i .

'
F orthem y s ti c aln atu reof thepom egran ate, s eeCu m berlan d ' s Ori gi n es G en ti u m .
26 6
Bu ll- H ead ed an d Ran i - H ead ed G od s
11 thi n gof thew i s d om of theG reeks
.
A n d w es hou ld c on s i d erthi n gs relati v etod i v i n ec on c ern s
Q af terthi s m an n er
." ' P lu tarc hu n d ertakes toprov ethatOs i ri s an d Bac c hu s arethes am e,
w i th-
ou trec ou rs eto
thes ec ret ri tes , w hi c h aren otto
bed i v u lged .2
S peaki n gof thes tatem en ts res pec ti n gtheG od s i n H om er, M ax i m u s T y ri u s s ay s ,
11 F orev ery
~ ~ on eon heari n gs u c hthi n gs as thes ec on c ern i n gJu pi teran d A pollo, T heti s an d Vu lc an , w i lli m -
m ed i ately
m ed i ately c on s i d erthem as orac u laras s erti on s , i n w hi c htheapparen ti s d i f f eren tf rom thelaten t
m ean i n g ." 3
T hi s i s c on f i rm ed by H erod otu s , w hoc on s tan tly s ay s , w hen d es c ri bi n gthi n gs i n
E gy pt, therei s as ac red reas on ( i epog
X oy oc ) f orthi s , w hi c hIs halln otgi v e
. Is u s pec tthat
Ci c ero, P au s an i as , & c
., w ereli keG i bbon an d W arbu rton , an d m an y otherof ou rau thors , w ho, f or
thes akeof thepeac eof s oc i ety , preten d tobew hatthey aren ot, am i s c hi ev ou s d ev i c eof the
pri es ts , w hi c hhas d on em oretoretard thei m prov em en tof m an ki n d than allotherc au s es pu t
together.
3
.T heG reeks hav ebeen s u ppos ed by s om epers on s tohav elearn tthei rm y thologi es , f rom the
E gy pti an s .
Bu tIhav es hew n , on theau thori ty of thei row n w ri ters , thatallthei r OLD
orac les
c am ef rom theH y perborean s by w ay of T hrac e
.
T hei rE leu s i n i an m y s teri es Ihav eals os hew n to
hav ec om eby thes am erou te, probably f rom In d i a
.
Ic on s i d erOs i ri s , Bac c hu s , A s tartew i ththe
Bu ll' s head , BolorBaal, M i thra, A d on i s , A pi s , an d Bu d d ha, tohav ebeen c on tem porary , orto
hav ec on s ti tu ted on ec las s . In
thes am em an n erIc on s i d erH erc u les , Cri s tn a, an d ( Ju pi ter)
A m m on , an d A s tartew i ththeRam ' s head , tohav ebeen c on tem porary , ortohav ef orm ed a
s ec on d c las s
.M y theory i s s tri ki n gly c on f i rm ed by thef ac t, w hi c h, Ibeli ev e, has n otbeen n oti c ed
bef ore, thatthef i rs tc las s areallrau pox e( ~ aX ol, orBu ll- head ed
.Bu d d hai s c los ely alli ed orc on -
n ec ted w i ththeS i am es eorJapan es ebu ll, breaki n gtheM u n d an eeggw i thhi s horn , an d w as partly
m an , partly bu ll, i n P ers i a, as M r
.F aberhas prov ed ;
an d theref oreIc on c lu d ef rom thi s , ex c lu s i v e
of theotherreas on s gi v en abov e, thatthes eG od s aren othi n gbu ttheS u n i n thes i gn of T au ru s , at
thev ern alequ i n ox :
an d theotherc las s areall
x gi o7 rpoau ri rot, orRam - head ed , an d arei n li ke
m an n er, f ors i m i larreas on s , thes u n i n thes i gn of A ri es , atthev ern alequ i n ox
. S ev eralof thos e
w hi c hw eref i rs t bu ll- head ed
bec am eram - head ed i n laterti m es
.A m m on , f ori n s tan c e
.In thehi s -
tori es of thebi rths , d eaths , f u n erals , an d res u rrec ti on s , of allthes eG od s , as tri ki n gs i m i li ari ty pre-
v ai ls , as Is hallc hew i n af u tu repage ;
bu ty ettherearebetw een thetw oc las s es s om etri f li n g
d i s c repan c i es .
T hes ed i s c repan c i es probably aros ef rom thec i rc u m s tan c ethaton ec las s ref ers to
thead v en tu res of theG od S oli n thes i gn of theBu ll, theothertothos eof theG od S oli n thes i gn
of theRam .
Iti s ev i d en tthatalm os tev ery w herec i v i lw araros eon thec han geof thew or-
s hi pf rom T au ru s toA ri es .
Bu tthou ghthi s m ay ac c ou n tf orthetri f li n gd i f f eren c es w hi c hw ef i n d ,
y etw em ay read i ly s u ppos ethatthegreatpoi n ts of res em blan c e, bei n gequ ally appli c abletothe
s u n i n bothc as es , m i ghtrem ai n u n altered .4
T head orati on of theBu lls ti llc on ti n u ed i n m os tc ou n tri es af tertheequ i n ox had rec ed ed to
A ri es
.T hi s w as thec as ei n E gy pt, w hereA pi s s ti llc on ti n u ed , thou ghA m m on w i thhi s s heep' s -
head aros e- i f hed i d n ot, as Ibeli ev ehed i d , c han gehi s
beev e' s head f orthatof aram . Ihav e
s hew n thatA m m on m ean tthegen erati v epow erof A m , orA u m , orOm
: bu tA m w as theBu ll
1 B.v i i i . Ch . v i i i .

s
D eIs i d eetOs i r .S ec t.
x x x v . S qu i re
.
3 M ax .T y r.E d .T ay lor, p .8 7 , an d D i s s ertati on x v i .
4 In F i g . 3, P late 36 , Vol.II .of theM on tf .( A n t .
E x p .) i s ex hi bi ted an Is i s s i tti n g, n u rs i n gthei n f an tOru s
.S he
bas thehead of a c ow , bu tthebod y of aw om an .P lu tarc h( d eas i d eetOs i r . E d . S qu i re, S ec t. x x x v .p .4 6 )
s ay s , that
toBac c hu s theG reeks gav ethef ac ean d n ec k of an Ox . T hew om en
of E li s
c alled Bac c hu s Ox - f ooted ; thepeople
of
A rgos c alled hi m Ox - begotten
.P orphy ry ( d eA bs ti n .S ec t. x v i .) s ay s , theG reeks u n i ted theRam toJu pi ter, bu tthe
horn s
of aBu lltoBac c hu s .
BookV.ChapterX I .S ec ti on 4
26 7
M i thra, Bu d d ha- theref orei tm u s thav ec han ged
.T hepray ers totheG od Bu ll, of P ers i a, gi v en
by M r
.F aber, arev ery c u ri ou s
.A s teroth, orA s tarte, i n S y ri a, w as f i rs trepres en ted w i ththe
horn s an d head of abeev e, an d i n laterti m es w i ththos eof as heep
.' T hu s i n In d i atheBu ll, the
em blem of Bu d d ha, c on ti n u ed tobead ored lon gaf terCri s tn aaros e, an d alon gw i thhi m ats om e
f ew plac es .
F rom W ad d i n gton an d H an bu ry ' s v oy ageu ptheN i le, Ithi n ki tappears thati n E gy pt, as i n S y ri a,
theem blem s of thec on j oi n ed S u n an d M oon , theCy c le, theCres c en t, an d theD i s k, w hi c hare
f ou n d on theold es tT au ri c M on u m en ts , w eretaken f rom theBu ll, an d rem ov ed totheRam
. 2 I
thi n kthelu n ettean d c i rc leon thehead of theBu ll, an d i n laterti m es on thehead of theRam
allu d ed bothtothec om pou n d c y c leof theN eros , an d totheprec es s i on , ortothem alean d f em ale
gen erati v epow ers .
In thetem plec av eatE llora, theBu llN u n d i , orN an d i ,
i s
plac ed oppos i tetotheYon i an d Li n g-
ham , as an em blem of theproli f i c pow er
. In
thi s tem ple, on eac hs i d eof theen tran c ei s aS phi n x ,
s i m i lartothos ei n E gy pt, plac ed on theou ts i d eof theen tran c eex ac tly i n thes am em an n er
. 3
Ihav ealread y rem arked on thealleged d i s i n c li n ati on of theBrahm i n s toleav i n gIn d i af orthe
pu rpos eof c olon i zati on
.Id on otthi n kE gy ptw as f i rs tc olon i zed by them as thepri es ts of Cri s tn a,
bu tby Bu d d hi s ts , thew ors hi pers of theS u n i n T au ru s
.T hes tory an d ef f i gi es of Bu d d haare- s o
s i m i lartothos eof Cri s tn a, thattheS eapoy s of In d i a, w hen i n E gy pt, m i ghtv ery read i ly m i s take
on ef ortheother
.Bu tthetheory of reli gi on , as ti m ead v an c ed , w ou ld c au s etheRam - head ed G od
toari s ei n bothplac es , w i thou tc opy i n gon ean other
; an d s u ppos i n gthei c on s n otex ac tly thes am e,
they m i ghtben earen ou ghtoex hi bi tthes am em y thos toou rs eapoy of f i c ers an d m en , w how ou ld
n otbev ery c aref u li n qu i rers
.Yetev ery thi n gten d s toc on f i rm w hatIhav ebef ores ai d , thatthere
i s reas on tobeli ev ethef i rs tBrahm i n s w eren otzoav ers etoc om m u n i c atew i th, ortov i s i tf orei gn ers ,
as arethos eof alaterd ay :
an d thu s thew ors hi pof Cri s tn am ay hav ebeen brou ghtatalaterpe-
ri od toE gy pt .
M
.D u boi s c on f i rm s m y opi n i on thattheBrahm i n s c am ef rom then orth, an d thatthey es tabli s hed
thei rreli gi on on theru i n s of thatof Bu d d ha
.H ead d s , thatheli v ed i n them i d s tof theJai n as or
f ollow ers of Bu d d ha, an d thatthey f ars u rpas s ed theBrahm i n s i n probi ty an d good f ai th
. 4
H ero-
d otu s 5
s ay s theP elas gi an s learn tthe
n am es of thei rG od s f rom thebarbari an s
; " thatatf i rs tthey
G 0
d i s ti n gu i s hed them by n on am eors u rn am e, f orthey w erehi thertou n ac qu ai n ted w i thei ther ; bu t
"
they c alled them G od s , w hi c hby i ts ety m ology m ean s d i s pos ers , f rom obs erv i n gtheord erly d i s -
pos i ti on an d d i s tri bu ti on of thev ari ou s parts of theu n i v ers e
." Iti s eas y here, Ithi n k, torec og-
n i zetheplan ets , thed i s pos ers , the =
- n tv
s m i m ,
of thef i rs tbookof G en es i s .
4
.In allou rs pec u lati on s hi therto, w ehav ereas on ed thatthef ac ts u n d erc on s i d erati on m u s t
hav etaken plac e
bef ore s u c hors u c hati m e
.Ithi n kw es halln ow beabletod ed u c eav ery i m -
portan tc on s equ en c ei n an oppos i ted i rec ti on
.W ehav es een thatthed ay s of thew eekare, i n the
m os trem otec orn ers of thew orld , c alled by then am es of thes am eplan ets , an d i n thes am eord er,
an d thes eplan ets af terthes am eG od s
.T heu n i v ers ali ty of thi s s kew s i ts ex trem ean ti qu i ty -
thati n allprobabi li ty i tm u s thav ebeen ad opted bef orethehu m an rac ebec am ed i v i d ed i n ton a-
ti on s .
Bu tthef ac tthatallthes eG od s w erei d en ti f i ed w i ththeBu llof theZ od i ac i n s om ew ay or
other, prov es thatthey m u s thav ebeen ad opted laterthan theti m ew hen thes u n , atthev ern al
D ru m m on d ,
Ori g., Vol .III .p .229
.

2
Lan d s eer, S abaean Res . p .228 .
3 S eeley ' s W on d ers of E llora, p .138 .
T hec av etem ples i n Cabu lare 12, 0 0 0
i n n u m ber, alld ed i c ated toBu d d ha .
Ibi d . p .139
.
4 P p .4 2, 30 5 , 324 , 326 , 327 , 5 4 9 , & c .

5
E u terpe, LII . p
.37 7 .
26 8
D ateof theS y s tem - \am es of Bu d d ha, & c
.
equ i n ox , en tered T au ru s by thetru eZ od i ac , w hi c hw ou ld beabou t4 7 0 0 y ears bef oreChri s t .
( A
v ery greatF ren c hphi los opher, M on s
.D u pu i s , f ors om eotherreas on s , has thou ghtthi s ti m es o
m u c htoos hort, thathehas been i n d u c ed tos u ppos etheperi od ou ghttobethrow n
bac k, tow here
T au ru s w ou ld beattheau tu m n alequ i n ox , abou t11, 0 0 0 y ears ; bu t, thou ghthi s m i ghtbec orrec t,
y etIthi n ks u f f i c i en tproof of i ts c orrec tn es s i s n otprod u c ed
.) T hi s c on s i d erati on s eem s toof f er
s om ethi n gli keabou n d ary toou rres earc hes
; s om ethi n gli kead i s tan tv i ew of ou rj ou rn ey ' s en d ,
w hi c hIgreetw i thpleas u re ; f orIthi n kw ec an f i n d n otrac es of an y thi n gbef ore
theT au ri c w or-
s hi pc om m en c ed . A n d thi s bri n gs ou rc hron ology toagree, as n earas c an beex pec ted , w i ththe
v ari ou s s y s tem s . T he ei ght ages , abou ttheti m eof A u gu s tu s , c an n otbed ou bted
. If thes ew ere
6 0 0 y ears eac h- 4 8 0 0 , an d w ead d athou s an d bef oretheT au ri c w ors hi pc om m en c ed f or
m an ki n d
toarri v eatthei rthen s tateof c i v i li zati on , w es halln ot
bev ery m u c hou tof thew ay i n ou rc al-
c u lati on s .
T he LE s pos ers ,
as H erod otu s s ay s theP elas gi f i rs tc alled thei rG od s , thati s , the
CO' M tt! S m i m of
G en es i s , ortheP lan ets , w erei n laterti m es allc alled by n am es
appropri ated tothed ay s of the
w eekw hi c hw ered ed i c ated , by as trologers , totheG od s w how erety pi f i ed
by theBu ll
: M on d ay
tothehorn ed Is i s ; T u es d ay toM erc u ry , thes am eas H erm es an d Os i ri s
; W ed n es d ay , toW od en ;
F o, Bu d d ha, an d S u ry a ; T hu rs d ay orT hor- d ay , or
n 1n T u r, ( w ri tten bothT u ran d S u r, ) or
T au ru s , orBu ll- d ay , toJov eorJu pi ter, w ho, as aBu ll,
s toleE u ropa, w hi c hs hew s w hathew as
atf i rs t
; ( them an n eri n w hi c hhei s c alled n otm erely Ju pi ter, bu t
Ju pi ter w i ththew ord A m m on
ad d ed , s eem s tos pew thatthetw ow ord s w eren otalw ay s j oi n ed
. In M on tf au c on ' s A n ti qu i ti es
m ay bes een an ac c ou n tof v ari ou s Ju pi ters c on n ec ted w i ththeT au ri c w ors hi p, w hi c hprov es that,
althou ghhehad latterly thebead of aRam , hehad ori gi n ally thatof aBu ll .)
F ri d ay w as d ed i -
c ated toVen u s , A s hteroth, orbeev e- horn ed A s tarte
; S atu rd ay toS atu rn , i d en ti f i ed by
M r .F aber
Y
w i thM oloc han d the Cen tau r Cron u s orT as c bter
; S u n d ay totheS u n , ev ery w herety pi f i ed by
T au ru s . A llthes e, Ithi n k, m u s thav etaken thei rn am es af tertheen tran c eof theS u n i n toT au ru s
;
an d bef orethi s d ateallhi s tory an d ev en m y thology f ai ls u s
. E ac hof thed ay s an d theplan ets
had am on ogram , c on s i s ti n gof ac ros s w i ths om ef orm an n ex ed toi t
; an otherproof of thegreat
an ti qu i ty of thead orati on of thec ros s .
Bu ty eti ts eem s f ai rtoi n f er, thatm an m u s thav eex i s ted agreatn u m berof y ears bef orehe
c ou ld hav ed i v i d ed theheav en s i n tos i gn s , d egrees , & c
., & c .
H ow lon gati m em ay hav ebeen re-
qu i red f orthi s Ipreten d n ottos ay .
Itm u s thav ed epen d ed u pon thatw hi c hw ec an n ev erkn ow ,
theex ac ts tatei n w hi c hhew as tu rn ed ou tof thehan d of hi s Creator .
Bu tIthi n km an y gen era-
ti on s m u s thav epas s ed bef oretheM ay - d ay f es ti v als w erees tabli s hed i n
Bri tai n an d In d i a .
S om eof thec av e- tem ples of In d i aw hi c hare
arc hed , are, on thatac c ou n t, s u ppos ed tobem ore
m od ern than thos ew i th f at roof s ; bu tIthi n kthi s i s
a has ty i n f eren c e
. If , i n d eed , thearc hw ere
f orm ed of w ed ge- s haped s ton es , li kem od ern arc hes , thi s w ou ld
beprobable
; bu tw hen thec u rv e
i s m erely c u tou tof thes oli d gran i tew i thou tan y of thearc hi tec tu ral
kn ow led gen ec es s ary i n
throw i n gan arc h, Id on otthi n kthei n f eren c ew arran ted
. M r .S eely s ay s ,
"
K arli an d Can arah
" areev i d en tly theprod u c ti on of thef ollow ers of Bu d d ha
."
H es tates , thatthearc hed tem pleof
Vi s hv ac arm aatE llorai s als oBu d d hi s t
; an d head d s , " T hei rw holehi s tory i s i n v olv ed
i n s u c ha
~ ~ laby ri n thof m y s tery f rom begi n n i n gtoen d , thattherei s n ot
them os trem otec han c e, by the
" d eepes tres earc h, of arri v i n gatan y s ati s f ac tory d ata ." 3
IhopeM r .S eely i s m i s taken
. Bu t
i n theas s erti on of theu n s ati s f ac tory n atu reof allthetheori es hi thertopropos ed ,
hei s c ertai n ly
c orrec t.
W hatIhav es ai d res pec ti n gthetem pleof Jaggern au ti n Ori s s abei n g
Bu d d hi s t, i s
c on f i rm ed by
'
F i g
.8 , P late11, p
.31 .

s
P ag .Id ol.Vol .II .p .8 6 .

3 P p.18 6 , 19 4 .
BookV.ChapterX I .S ec ti on 5
26 9
on eof thef lat- roof ed c av etem ples atE llorabei n gd ed i c ated tohi m by then am eof Jaggern au t,
i
.e
.Creator . I
T heBrahm i n s n otbei n gabletoc on c ealtheBu d d hi s td oc tri n es i n s om eof thei r
tem ples , w i thou tthei ren ti red es tru c ti on , areobli ged toad m i tan i n thBu d d hi s tA v atar, atthe
s am eti m ethatthey m os tabs u rd ly m ai n tai n thatthi s Bu d d ha, thi s n i n thA v atar, w as an i m pos tor
.
Iti s s i n gu laren ou ghthattheBu d d hai n thec av eatE llorai s c alled theLord param ou n t, theM aha-
M aha- D eo, 2 thegreatgreatG od
.A tthi s tem pletheBrahm i n u ttered then am e
BU D D H A w i thou t
an y hes i tati on , w hi c hi s w hataBrahm i n w i lls eld om d o
.
3
T hei rn i n thA v atarw as aBu d d ha, be-
c au s ehew as an i n c arn ati on of d i v i n ew i s d om , perhaps n otu n d ers tood by m od ern Brahm i n s
. T he
Brahm i n s an d Bu d d hi s ts hav e, as alread y s tated , eac hthes am en u m berof A v atars , an d , atthe
ti m eof Jes u s Chri s t, they boths ay thatei ghtw eregon e, an d thatan i n ththen c am e
.T heBu d d -
hi s ts s ay hec am eam on gthem , an d w as c alled Bu d d ha
.T heBrahm i n s af f i rm thathec am eam on g
them , an d w as c alled S ali v an , of w hom Is halltreathereaf ter . T hi s i s thereas on w hy they allege
thatthen i n thBu d d haw as an i m pos tor
.
Iti s n os m allc on f i rm ati on of thes u peri oran ti qu i ty of Bu d d ha, thatov er
all In d i a, w hether
am on gBau d d has , S ai v as , orVai s hn av ahs , thed ay of W od en , orW ed n es d ay , i s c alled
BU D H VA R.
4
In S an s c ri ti ti s Bou - tav d r, an d i n theBali c , Van P ou t
; i n then orthern n ati on s , W od en ' s d ay
;
thelatterhav i n gn oB, w ri teW , 5
w heretheread erm ay als of i n d ad d i ti on alproof s thatM erc u ry or
H erm es , S om m on ac od om an d Bu d d ha, areallthes am e- w i thM ai af orthei rM other
.
A s Ihav ef orm erly s ai d , thef ac tof Bu d d hagi v i n gn am etoon eof thed ay s of thew eek, W ed -
n es d ay , f i x es hi m tothev ery earli es tperi od of w hi c hw ehav ean y rec ord orprobabletrad i ti on
.
H ei s ac kn ow led ged tobetheS u n ortheS u ry a, w i ths ev en head s , of S i am an d Japan an d Cey lon
;
an d tobethes on of M ai a
.T hothan d T eu tates an d H erm es areallow ed tobei d en ti c al, an d H er-
m es i s allow ed tobeM erc u ry
; an d M erc u ry i s theG od tow hom W ed n es d ay i s d ed i c ated , an d the
m otherof M erc u ry i s M ai a .
S i rW i lli am Jon es c learly prov ed thatthef i rs tBu d d haw as W od en ,
M erc u ry , an d F o, an d Ithi n k, how ev erhem ay hav ealarm ed hi m s elf an d hi s prej u d i c es w hen he
c am etos eethec on s equ en c es of hi s proof s , hen ev erw as abletoov erthrow them
. 6 M r.F aber
s ay s , 11
T heE gy pti an c os m ogon y , li ketheP hoen i c i an , i s prof es s ed ly of theBu d d hi c s c hool
:
f orthe

f u lles tac c ou n tw hi c hw ehav eof i ti s c on tai n ed i n abookas c ri bed toH erm es orT hoth
: bu t
~ ~ H erm es orT hothi s thes am epers on as T au t, w hoi s s ai d tohav ed raw n u ptheP hoen i c i an
S y s -

tem
: an d T au tagai n i s thes am eas theOri en talT atorBu d d ha
. 7
T heT au , T , i s theem blem of M erc u ry , of H erm es
.Iti s the c ru x an s ata,
an d the c ru x H erm i s .
Itw as thelas tletterof thean c i en talphabets , theen d orbou n d ary , w hen c ei tc am etobeu s ed as a
term i n u s tod i s tri c ts ;
bu tthec ru x T au w as als otheem blem of thegen erati v epow er, of etern al
tran s m i grati n gli f e, an d thu s w as u s ed i n d i s c ri m i n ately w i ththeP hallu s
.Itw as , i n f ac t,
thephal-
lu s .
T heT au i s theT hoth, theT en t, theT eu tates of theD ru i d s
;
e
an d T eu tates w as M erc u ry ,
i n theS an s c ri tc alled Cod orS om on a- c od - om
; an d i n G erm an G od . In old G erm an M erc u ry w as
c alled G ot .
T herem ai n s of thec ros s es aretobef ou n d i n thehi ghw ay s atthebou n d ari es of the
pari s hes , an d ev ery w hereatc ros s - road en d s i n thi s c ou n try
.T hey hav eprec i s ely thes am em ean i n g
as theRom an T erm i n u s es , an d had thes am eori gi n
. Iti s thes am ew i ththec ros s es w hi c hhav e
n ow thec ru c i f i ed S av i ou ron them , allov erthec on ti n en t, an d , bei n gen graf ted i n toChri s ti an i ty ,
w erethu s pres erv ed . M an y of them arethou s an d s of y ears old .
' S eely , W on d , of E llora, p.218 .
' H ere,
i n therepeti ti on of thew ord M aba, w eem ay perc ei v etheH ebrew prac ti c e of ex pres s i n gthes u perlati v ed e-
greeby arepeti ti on of thead j ec ti v e .
3 S eely , W on d .of E llora, 220 .

4 M oore' s P an theon , p .24 0 .

s
S eeA s i at .Res . Vol
.I_pp
.16 1, 16 2 .
6
A s i at.Res . Vol .VIII .8 v o .p .5 3 1 ; als oD i s s .on Chron .of H i n d .A s i at .Res . Vol
.II .
P ag .Id ol
.
Vol.I .p .228 .

9 S eeH erod .E u terpe, LL

p .37 5 .
27 0
Ign oran c e of theBrahm i n s an d A n c i en ts
M .S on n eratthi n ks Ram ai s Bu d d ha ; " S i rW .Jon es i s of av ery d i f f eren topi n i on , an d thi n ks
" thatD i on y s os an d Ran i aw erethes am epers on ." ' T hey arebothri ght, they allw eretheS u n
an d i ti s v ery s u rpri s i n gtom ethatthos egen tlem en d i d n otperc ei v ethatw hatappli ed toon e, ap-
pli ed toallthree ; w i ththi s on ly ex c epti on , perhaps , thaton em i ghtbetheS u n i n T au ru s , the
othertheS u n i n A ri es .A n d i n totheS u n , i n hi s m aleorf em alec harac ter, allthegreatD ei ti es of
In d i aan d theW es tern w orld res olv ethem s elv es . Ithi n ki tn oti m probablethatm an y i m ages as -
c ri bed toCri s tn am ay belon gtoBu d d ha- thei rhi s tori es bei n gs ov ery s i m i lar .
5 .T heu n c ertai n ty of therealn am es of theG od s of In d i ahas been poi n ted ou tby M r .S eely ,
w ho, af ters tati n gthathehas d etec ted theBrahm i n s i n f orgetti n gn am es w hi c hthey had bes tow ed
ad ay ortw obef oreon thes am ef i gu re, s ay s , " On m aki n gi n qu i ri es theBrahm i n s ratherc on f ou n d
than as s i s ti n y ou rres earc hes
. E ac hhas hi s f av ou ri ted ei ty an d pec u li arloc aln am e, gen erally
G 0
ac c om pan i ed w i ths om ef an c i f u ltheory of hi s ow n . M y Brahm i n w as an ati v eof P oon ah ; he
G Q
w as f on d of hi s W i ttoba, Ballaj ee, Laks hm i , an d others , an d w i s hed them tobeparam ou n ti n all
' ~ thetem ples . A d i f f eren tli s tw ou ld hav ebeen pref erred by aBen ares Brahm i n
; w hi leac oas t
~ ~ ( Corom an d el) Brahm i n w ou ld probably hav ebeen f ortheBu d d hi s theroes .If tothi s d i s c repan c y
K
w ead d then u m berles s hos tof m i n orors ec on d ary d ei ti es , allw i ththei rc on s orts , gi an ts , s ages ,
~ ~ an d holy m n en , thew holew rapped u pi n i m pen etrablean d m y s teri ou s f able, s om ef ai n ti d eam ay
~ ~ been tertai n ed of thed i f f i c u ltan d abs tru s es u bj ec tof H i n d oom y thology
." T hed es c ri pti on i s ,
Id on otd ou bt, j u s t . T heac c ou n ts of thepres en tBrahm i n s c an beli ttled epen d ed on
. Of the
m i n ord etai ls of thei rm y thology they aretotally i gn oran t . A f terac aref u lc on s i d erati on of the
w orkof thef atherof hi s tory , H erod otu s , Ihav en od ou btthatthegen erali ty of pri es ts i n hi s d ay
w ereas i gn oran tas theBrahm i n s i n ou rs
.
T heP ri es ts , w hen ev erthey w erei gn oran tof af ac t,
c oi n ed af able, w hi c hthec red u lou s G reekbeli ev ed an d rec ord ed ; an d w hi c hthes ti llm oreabs u rd ly
c red u lou s m od ern Chri s ti an s c on ti n u etobeli ev e . W i tn es s , as on eou tof m an y ex am ples , thehi s -
tory of Ju pi teran d E u ropa, 2 beli ev ed by c las s i c als c holars tohav ebeen ac tu ally aki n gan d
qu een , tohav erei gn ed , had c hi ld ren , & c ., & c .
Ic an n othelpthi n ki n gthatev en theold es tof boththeG reekan d Rom an w ri ters , u n les s I
ex c eptH om er, w ereabs olu tely an d perf ec tly i gn oran tof then atu reof thei rG od s - w hen c ethey
c am e, an d of w hatthey c on s i s ted . A s thepeopleby d egrees em ergi n gf rom barbari s m began to
open thei rey es , they f ou n d them
. T hey rec ei v ed theG od s f rom thei ran c es tors , w ho, hav i n gn o
w ri ters , tran s m i tted thei rs u pers ti ti on s , bu tn otthehi s tori es of thei rG od s
.W hetherthei n i ti ated
i n tothem y s teri es w erean y w i s ers eem s v ery d ou btf u l
.Bu tIthi n ki ti s pos s i blethattheon ly
s ec rets w ere, thead m i s s i on of thei row n i gn oran c ean d them ai n ten an c eof ad oc tri n eres pec ti n g
then atu reof G od ( of w hi c hIs halltreathereaf ter) an d i n s u bs tan c eof theu n i ty of G od
. W e
c an hard ly s u ppos ethats u c hm en as P horn u tu s , Lu c i an , an d Ci c ero, w eren oti n i ti ated i n the
hi gherm y s teri es
.
T hen , i f then atu reof theG od s had been kn ow n i n thes em y s teri es , Ithi n k
w es hou ld n othav ethos em en w ri ti n gabou tthem
: an d , i n ev ery s en ten c e, prov i n gthatof thei r
realn atu rethey w ereperf ec tly i gn oran t
. If they w eren oti gn oran t, they w ered i s hon es t
. Bu t
thi s Ic an s c arc ely beli ev e . If they w ere
i gn oran tIc an n oten tertai n ad ou btthatM es s rs .D u pu i s
an d D ' A n c arv i llew erem u c hm oreli kely tod i s c ov erthes ec retn atu reof theG od s than Ci c eroor
P horn u tu s , P orphy ry orP lu tarc h .
T hem i s taken v an i ty w hi c hprev en ted thes elatterphi los ophers
f rom looki n gtotheBarbari an s f orthei rG od s , ten d ed tokeepthem i n as tateof i gn oran c e, i n a
bon d agef rom w hi c hw e' aref ree, an d , i n c on s equ en c e, arem u c hm oreli kely tod i s c ov erthetru th
.
Is hallbetold Ihav eatheory . T hi s i s v ery tru e :
bu thow i s i tpos s i bletom akean y s en s e
ou tof them as s of c on f u s i on w i thou ton e
? A n d aren otf ac ts s u f f i c i en tc ollec ted tof ou n d a
' S eely , p .17 6 .

s
D ru m .Ori g .Vol .III.p .8 2.
BookV
.ChapterX I .S ec ti on 6

27 1
theory u pon ? M y
theory has ari s en f rom ac los eatten ti on tothef ac ts w hi c htran s pi ref rom
thew ri ti n gs of av as tv ari ety of au thors , an d i s , Ithi n k, atheory w hi c hw i llbef ou n d tobe
es tabli s hed by them
.Ihav en otf i rs tad opted m y theory , an d then i n v en ted m y f ac ts toc on f i rm i t .
T hef ac ts hav ec om ef i rs t, an d thetheory i s thec on s equ en c e .W hetherthey bes u f f i c i en ttos u p-
portthetheory , i s theon ly qu es ti on
.T hi s m u s tbelef ttotheread er .If eelc on f i d en tthatIc an
ex plai n ev ery thi n gw hi c happears i n c on s i s ten tw i ththetheory , u n les s i tbeav ery f ew of the
hi s tori es of thei n f eri ors G od s , w hi c hm ay v ery w ellbes u ppos ed tohav ebeen m i s taken orm i s -
tated , by theP ri es ts , w hos ei gn oran c eord ec ei ti s ac kn ow led ged .
6
.A f ters tu d y i n gw i thgreatatten ti on thev ery learn ed an d ablerev i ew of theG erm an au thors
Creu zer, H am m er, Rhod e, G oerres , & c
., by M on s .G u i gn i au t, m y opi n i on s f ou n d ed on thew orks
of M au ri c e, Bry an t, Cu d w orth, S tan ley , & c ., aren othi n gs haken .Iam m orethan ev erc on f i rm ed
i n m y opi n i on , thatalltheG od s of thean c i en ts res olv ethem s elv es i n toon e- theS u n , ori n tothe
ref i n ed ors pi ri tu alf i res eated i n theS u n : an d thattheT ri n i ty , c on ten d ed f orby M r .M au ri c e
an d M r
.F aber, c an n otbed i s pu ted .T hehy pothes i s of M r .M au ri c e, res pec ti n gthegreatan ti -
qu i ty of thew ors hi pof theBu llof theZ od i ac , c an n ev erbeov erthrow n , u n ti li tc an bes hew n that
allou rIn d i an trav ellers , w hotellu s of thec elebrati on of ou rM ay - d ay gam es an d A pri l- f ool
f es ti v als , hav ed ec ei v ed u s
.Iplac em y f ootu pon thei d en ti ty an d u bi qu i ty of thes eT au ri c ,
P halli c G am es , as u pon aroc k, f rom w hi c hIf eeln othi n gc an rem ov em e .T hey s etatd ef i an c e
allbooks an d alls y s tem s of c hron ology
.N ex ttothem i s thereas on i n gof M on s .Bai lly on the
s epten n i alc y c le, an d on thatof theN eros
.Collec ti v ely they f orm am as s of ev i d en c eof the
ex i s ten c eof as tateof thew orld i n am os trem oteperi od , v ery d i f f eren tf rom w hatan y of ou r
hi s tori an s c on tem plate
.In s earc hi n gi n totherec ord s of an ti qu i ty i ti s i m pos s i bletom ov eas tep
w i thou tm eeti n gw i thc i rc u m s tan c es c on f i rm atory of theT au ri c w ors hi p, thed ateof w hi c hthe
kn ow n prec es s i on of theequ i n ox es pu ts ou tof alld i s pu te .M y ex c ellen tan d learn ed old ac qu ai n t-
an c eM r
.F ren d w ou ld m akethec y c les A n ted i lu v i an , bu thow arethebu llon thef ron tof the
tem pleof Jaggern au t, an d hu n d red s of others i m i larc i rc u m s tan c es , tobeac c ou n ted f or ? W as
thetem plebu i ltbef orethef lood ?
Iam v ery f arf rom w i s hi n gtod eprec i atethelearn ed an d
m eri tori ou s labou rs of theG erm an s c holars tow hom Ihav ej u s tallu d ed , bu tIf eelc on f i d en ti f
they had pai d ali ttlem oreatten ti on tothe F A CT S poi n ted ou ti n thew ri ti n gs w hi c hc on tai n the
w hi m s i c altheori es t of ou rBry an ts , F abers , & c ., they w ou ld hav ebeen m ores u c c es s f u li n d i s -
c ov eri n gthes ec retm ean i n gof thean c i en tM y thos es .H ad they atten d ed tow hati s i n d i s pu table
- thatalltheG od s of an ti qu i ty res olv ethem s elv es i n toon e- theS u n - ei theras an ori gi n al
obj ec tof w ors hi poras thety pe, ortheE pi phan i a, orS heki n ahof thetri u n em alean d f em ale
D ei ty , they w ou ld hav ef ou n d them s elv es i n thei rres earc hes reli ev ed f rom m an y d i f f i c u lti es .
P rotes tan tpri es ts f ors om ey ears pas thav een d eav ou red tos hew thattheM os ai c ac c ou n ts
aretobef ou n d i n In d i a, an d gen erally am on gtheG en ti les .W hatgood thi s c an d othem I
c an n otu n d ers tan d .H ow ev er, they hav ec ertai n ly s u c c eed ed .T helabou rs of thelearn ed S pen c er
hav es hew n thattherei s n ori teorc erem on y d i rec ted i n theP en tateu c h, of w hi c htherei s n otan
ex ac tc opy 2 i n theri tes of P agan i s m .T heRev
.M r
.F aberhas prov ed thattheM y thos es , as the
Rom i s hD r
.G ed d es properly c alls them , of thec reati on an d thef lood hav ethei rex ac t c ou n ter-
' T hou ghIc allthem w hi m s i c alIm ean n od i s res pec ttothei rau thors . T hew orld i s m u c hobli ged tothes egen tle-
m en f orthei rlabou rs .
2
F rom thi s m u s theex c epted s om ef ew law s ad opted by theJew i s hlaw - gi v ertom akeali n eof d em arc ati on betw een
hi s peoplean d theG en ti les - s u c h, f ori n s tan c e, as theS abbathon the las t i n s tead of the f i rs td ay
of
thew eek, an d a
f ew others thatarev ery apparen t .
T heobj ec tof M os es w as tores tri c thi s law totheJew s as m u c has pos s i ble, tothe
ex c lu s i on of allothern ati on s .T heobj ec tof thelaw of Jes u s w as tores torethew ors hi pof Jehov ah toalln ati on s ,
27 2

T reeof G en es i s atIps am bu l, an d theS am ei n M on tf au c on

parts am on gthew i ld m y thologi es of thef ollow ers of Bu d d haan d Cri s tn a
; an d thehi s tory of the
s erpen tan d treeof li f ehav ebeen lately d i s c ov ered by M r
.W i ls on tobem os tc orrec tly d es c ri bed
on theru i n s of them agn i f i c en ttem pleof Ips am bu li n N u bi a
. I S othati ti s n ow c ertai n , that
allthef i rs tthreebooks of G en es i s m u s thav ec om ef rom In d i a
: thetem pleatIps am bu l, as
w ellas thef am ou s M em n on , bei n gthew orkof thean c i en tBu d d hi s ts - thelatterprov ed m os t
s ati s f ac tori ly by M r.F aber.
A f terw hattheread erhas s een hew i lln otbes u rpri s ed that1s hou ld hav ebeen s tru c km os t
f orc i bly by an obs erv ati on w hi c hs eem s c as u ally gi v en by M
.D en on i n hi s ac c ou n tof theT em -
ples i n U pperE gy pt .
H ed oes n otappeartohav ebeen aw areof i ts i m portan c e, or, i n d eed , i n a
theologi c alpoi n tof v i ew , thati thad an y i m portan c eatall
. In 2
s peaki n gof av ery beau ti f u l
s m alltem pleof thean c i en tE gy pti an s atP hi loe, hes ay s ,
" If ou n d w i thi n i ts om erem ai n s of a
"
d om es ti c s c en e, w hi c hs eem ed tobethatof Jos ephan d M ary , an d i ts u gges ted tom ethes u b-
"
j ec tof thef li ghti n toE gy pt, i n as ty leof the
U T M OS T T RU T H an d i n teres t ."
Iti s s ai d , by latetrav ellers , thattheChri s ti an s c on v erted thean c i en ttem ples of U pperE gy pt
i n toc hu rc hes , an d they thu s ac c ou n tf ortheChri s ti an M y thos
.Bu ti n thi s c as e, atIps am bu l, the
preten c ei s totally d es ti tu teof f ou n d ati on , bec au s ethef i gu res w erei n thatpartof thetem ple
w hi c hw as bu ri ed i n s an d , an d w ereex c av ated by Belzon i
.
N opers on w i llbeli ev ethatthes an d
w as brou ghtheres i n c etheChri s ti an era
. Bu tIs halld i s c u s s thi s m atteratlen gthpres en tly .
7 . In thes u pplem en ttoVol .I
.of M on tf au c on , 3 i s ex hi bi ted atree, on thetw os i d es of w hi c h
areJu pi teran d M i n erv a
. H es ay s , " Itw as pres erv ed f ors ev eralc en tu ri es i n on eof them os t

an c i en tc hu rc hes of F ran c e, an d pas s ed f oran i m ageof terres tri alparad i s e, torepres en tthef all
of A d am
.T hetreebeari n gf ru i t, i n them i d d le, pas s ed f orthatf rom w hen c ethef orbi d d en f ru i t
" w as gathered .
T herobeon Ju pi ter' s s hou ld ers , thethu n d erboltw hi c hhehas i n hi s han d , the
" helm eton M i n erv a' s head , an d herhabi tc ov eri n gherallov er
: thes eparti c u lars m i ghteas i ly

hav eu n d ec ei v ed pers on s m od erately v ers ed , Iw i lln ots ay i n m y thology , bu tev en i n thehi s tory
" of theBi ble, thati tw as am erec on c ei t
. Bu ti n thos eti m es of s i m pli c i ty , peopled i d n otc on -
s i d er s i d ers om ethi n gs v ery c los ely . Ju pi terhold s thethu n d erboltrai s ed i n hi s ri ghthan d ; hehas

arobeon , w hi c hd oes n otc ov erhi s n aked n es s

. M i n erv ai s arm ed w i thahelm etan d d res s ed
" as u s u al :
thes erpen tatherf eeti s thepec u li ars y m bolof M i n erv apoli as of A then s , w hi c h

s eem s tos u pporttheopi n i on of thegen tlem en of ou rac ad em y , thatthi s agaterelates tothe

w ors hi pof Ju pi teran d M i n erv aatA then s

.
T hetree, an d thev i n ec u rli n grou n d thetree, the

goatben eathJu pi ter' s f oot, an d allthean i m als pi c tu red abou t- thehors e, theli on , theox , an d
` ~ others , s eem tod en oten atu re, of w hi c hJu pi teri s thef ather
.
A n H ebrew i n s c ri pti on grav ed

rou n d thegem , appears tobem od ern ; i ti s i n Rabbi n i c alc harac ters , s c arc ely tobed ec i phered

thes en s eof i ti s thi s : T hew om an s aw thatthetreew as good f orf ood , an d thati tw as pleas an t
"
totheey es , an d atreetobed es i red tom akeon ew i s e ." 4
W hoc an helps eei n gherearef i n ed allegory ? H erei s theG od leo, Jov e, i
'
i eu
. H erei s
M i n erv a, d i v i n ew i s d om , w hi c hs pru n gf rom thebead of Jov e- the 7 rpw rOy ov oc ,
thef i rs t- begotten ,
Bu d d ha .
H erei s thetreeof thekn ow led geof good an d ev i l . H erei s thev i n ew i thi ts f ru i t
pu rean d u n d ef i led as held by M elc hi zed ek
.M os es m ad ehi s S abbathon thed ay of S atu rn , i n oppos i ti on tothef es ti v al
of allothern ati on s , w hi c hw as on the
d i es W i s .
T hed oc tri n eof theN azari teof S am ari abei n gi n ten d ed f orthew hole
w orld , hi s f ollow ers ac ted v ery properly i n res tori n gthef es ti v altothed i es s oli s , on w hi c hn od ou bti tw as i n theti m e
of M elc hi zed ek, of w hi c hreli gi on Jes u s w as d ec lared toheapri es t
.
i W i ls on ' s T rav els ;
F ran kli n ' s Res earc hes on theJey n es , p
.127
.
T heE n gli s hT ran s .by A rthu rA i ki n , 18 0 3, Vol .II . Chap . x i v .p .16 9 .
3
A n t.E x p .P late 5 , F i g .17 .

4 P . 35 .S ee m y plates , f i g . 16 .
BookV
.ChapterX II
.S ec ti on 1

27 3
u n i ted totheelm , w hi c hVi rgi lm etw i thatthes i d eof theroad tohell, load ed w i ths c i en c e- as
theM em , the6 0 0 , w as u n i ted tothe v i n
i n then am eof thew ord M u i n , then am eof theletter
w hi c hd en oted them os ts ac red of thec y c les
.T heelm i s c om m on ly plan ted i n G au lan d Italy f or
thev i n etoas c en d , an d s elec ted as thetreeof kn ow led ge, bec au s ei tw as then am eof thef i rs t
letterof thealphabet, ortheA lephof theH ebrew s , w hi c hm ean tthetru n kof atree, w hi c hw as the
treeof Vi rgi l, an d borealltherem ai n d er
.T hec i rc u m s tan c eof thi s gem hav i n gaH ebrew legen d
rou n d i ti s ex c eed i n gly c u ri ou s , an d i s n ottobegotqu i tof by theobs erv ati on of M on tf au c on , the
i n n oc en tprod u c eof hi s prej u d i c ean d i gn oran c e, thati tappears tobe
m od ern . Itw as of thes am e
s c hoolw i ththeVi rgoP ari tu ra, theBac c hu s ' s W i n e- c as kan d T i ger- hu n tof S t
.D en i s , 1 the
Is i s of
N otreD am e, an d s ev eralotherm atters w hi c hIs hallad d u c ei n thei rproperti m ean d plac e
.
In f i g.9 of the5 2n d plateof theS u pplem en ttoM on tf au c on ' s
Bn ti qu i teE x pli qu ee,
therei s a
repres en tati on of A braham s ac ri f i c i n gIs aac :
bu tA braham has n otas w ord orakn i f e, bu tathu n -
d erbolt, i n hi s han d
.Can an y thi n gbem orec learthan thatthem akers of thes ev ery an c i en t
gem s c on s i d ered thatthes tory of A braham c ov ered am y thos ?
Vi s hn u orCri s tn ai s of ten
repres en ted w i ththu n d eran d li ghtn i n gi n hi s han d - as i n theac tof gi v i n gtheben ed i c ti on w i th
three f i n gers , an d as w eari n gatri plec row n .
CH A P T E RX II
T heE agleG aru d a- S pen c er, F aber, Bu rn et, Calm et, & c ., on G en es i s an d i ts
A llegory - F aber' s T ri n i ty of theIn d i an s an d theH ebrew s
.
1 .T H E f ollow i n gex am pleof an E as tern m y thos , i n theW es t, w i llbethou ghtn oton ly c u ri ou s ,
bu tw i llbef ou n d , i n af u tu repage, toi n v olv es om ei m portan tc on s equ en c es .
M r.M oores ay s , " S on n eratn oti c es tw obas s o- reli ev os plac ed attheen tran c eof thec hoi rof
" Bou rd eau x Cathed ral
: on erepres en ts theas c en s i on of ou rS av i ou rtoheav en on an E agle : the
" otherhi s d es c en t, w herehei s s topped by Cerberu s atthegates of hell, an d P lu toi s s een ata
" d i s tan c earm ed w i thatri d en t .In H i n d u pi c tu res , VICH N U , w hoi s i d en ti f i ed w i thK ri s hn a, i s
" of ten s een m ou n ted on theE agle G A RU D A ,
s om eti m es w i thas w ellas w i thou thi s c on s ort
4 `
Laks hm i . 2
A n d w ere a H i n d oo
arti s ttohan d lethes u bj ec tof K ri s hn a' s d es c en ttohell, w hi c h
"
In ev ers aw , hew ou ld m os tli kely i n trod u c eCerbu ra, thei n f ern althree- head ed d ogof thei r
" legen d s , an d Yam a, thei rP lu to, w i ththe tri s u la, ortri d en t : af artherpres u m pti on of early i n -
" terc om m u n i c ati on betw een theP agan s of theE as tern an d W es tern hem i s pheres ." 3 A n ac c ou n t
'
In thec hu rc h of S t .D en i s n earP ari s .S eeP rel. Obs . Ch I . S ec t . 115 .
! W hen c ec om es then am e
of Cri s tn a' s c on s ortLaks hm i ? W e w i ll w ri tei tas i tm ay bepron ou n c ed , an d w es hall
hav en of arthertrou ble- L' A km e
.Iti s n ots u rpri s i n gthatW i s d om , ; tor
hkm e, s hou ld bethew i f e of Cri s tn a, the
i n c arn ati on of Vi s hn u , thes ec on d pers on ortheLogos of theIn d i an tri n i ty ; bu ti t i s v ery c u ri ou s , i n d eed , thatw e
s hou ld f i n d i therei n G reekan d m od ern F ren c h .If thi s s tood alon e, i tm i ghthetaken f orac c i d en t, bu tw i thi ts
c on c om i tan tc i rc u m s tan c es , thi s c an n otbead m i tted .Ibeli ev etheLam ed of theH ebrew i s of ten u s ed as an em phati c
arti c le, as i ti s i n theA rabi c , Itali an , an d F ren c h .Iti s an abbrev i ati on of theA rabi c A 1. T hu s w ef i n d i ti n the
w ord A c eld am a- A c plac e
of , al the, d am a blood .
3 P an theon , p .214 .
27 4
T heE agleG aru d a
i s gi v en by A rri an of av i s i tof A lex an d ertheG reattothec av eof P rom etheu s
I on thebord ers of
In d i a.
In ad d i ti on tow hatM r .M oorean d M .S on n erathav es ai d , Ibegtoobs erv ethatBou rd eau x , i n
w hos ec athed ralthi s G aru d aw as d i s c ov ered by them , i s w atered by theri v erG aru m n a, ev i d en tly
theLati n i s ed G aru d aortheF ren c hi s ed G aron n e .Iti s s i tu ated i n thed epartm en tof theG i ron d e .
M es s rs
.S on n eratan d M oores eem tohav eov erlooked thes tri ki n gn am es of theri v eran d thed e-
partm en t
.Res pec ti n gG aru d aan d P rom etheu s , Colon elW i lf ord s ay s , " Ii n qu i red af terG aru d a-
~ ~ s than an d w as perf ec tly u n d ers tood
.T hey s oon poi n ted i tou ttom ei n theP u ran as an d other
~ ~ s ac red books , an d Ii m m ed i ately perc ei v ed thati tw as s i tu ated i n thev i c i n i ty of Cabu l, w here
~ ~ thehi s tori an s of A lex an d erhav eplac ed i t, an d d ec larethatthi s herohad thec u ri os i ty togoan d
s eei t ." 2
H ethen s tates how hei n qu i red f orthelegen d relati n gtoP rom etheu s an d the
eaglei n thebooks of theBu d d hi s ts , w herehef ou n d i t, an d f rom w hi c hi n qu i ry hed i s c ov ered , that
theBu d d hi s ts had Ved as an d m an y v alu ablebooks of thei row n , d i f f eren tf rom thos eof theBrah-
m i n s , by w hi c hhew as i n d u c ed toretrac tan opi n i on has ti ly gi v en agai n s ttheBu d d hi s ts
.3
T he
eagleG aru d a, as appears f rom M oore' s P an theon , i s i n ti m ately blen d ed w i ththehi s tory of Cri s tn a
i n av ari ety of w ay s
: an d , i f Im i s taken ot, f orm s i n thethreef ac ts of theG aru d aatBou rd eau x
on theG aru m n a, i n theG i ron d e- of A lex an d er' s v i s i t- an d of i ts c on n ex i on w i ththeCri s tn aof
In d i aan d theCri s tn aof E u rope- ac hai n of ev i d en c ei n proof of thei n ti m atec on n ex i on betw een
theE as tan d theW es t
; an d equ ally s oof theex i s ten c eof Cri s tn aan d hi s m y thos i n In d i alon g
prev i ou s tothebi rthof Jes u s of N azareth ; thou ghperhaps n otof Jes u s of Bethlehem
.A n d thi s
agai n ov erthrow s allM r
.Ben tley ' s d oc tri n es , ex c eptrec ou rs ebehad , as Ibeli ev ei tou ghttobe
had , toren ew ed c y c les .A d m i tthec y c les , an d M r .Ben tley ' s alleged proof s arealli n m y f av ou r .
P rom etheu s f orm ed thef i rs tw om an , f orthef orm ati on of w hom hes tolef i ref rom heav en , & c .,
& c . T hew ord P rom etheu s i s theS an s c ri tw ord P RA M IA T H A H or
P RA M M A T H A S , w hi c hc om es f rom
P RA - M A T ' H A - IS A , w hi c hc oales c i n g, ac c ord i n gtotheru les of S an s c ri tgram m ar,
4 f orm P RA M A -
T H E S A
. N ow , P rai s theS i am es e Bra, c reatororf orm er ; M athai s M ati , i n theBali lan gu age
M other, an d es ai s Is aorIs c ahorE v eorIs i s - thew holem ean i n g, m akerof m otherE v eorIs i s .
Iti s n os m allc on f i rm ati on of w hatIhav es ai d , thatP rom etheu s , then am eof the G reek G od , i s
S an s c ri t ; 5
as i s als oD eu c ali on , hi s s on
.T helatteri s D eo- c ala- y u n orD eo- Cala- Yav an a
.
T herei s an ac c ou n tof hi s c on tes tw i thCri s tn a, w how as d ri v en f rom M athu raby hi m , bu tby
w hom hew as atlas t, w i thhi s Ya- v an as , f i n ally ex pelled f rom In d i a .On thi s Is halls ay m ore
pres en tly .Iam w ellaw areof thef orgery prac ti s ed on Colon elW i lf ord , bu tthekn av i s hpri es t
c ou ld n otf orgethei m agei n Bou rd eau x Cathed ral, n orthepas s agei n A rri an res pec ti n gA lex an d er
theG reat .Iam als ow ellaw are, thatan elegan t, f low ery s ty leof w ri ti n gw ou ld hav etheef f ec tof
c on v i n c i n gm an y read ers betterthan d ry f ac ts
.P eopleof thi s d es c ri pti on aren otw orthc on v erti n g
toan y opi n i on , an d n oopi n i on of thei rs c an bew orthhav i n g .Bu ttopers on s of c ri ti c alj u d gm en t,
w hokn ow thev alu eof ev i d en c e, af ac tof theki n d heres tated i s w orthv olu m es of d ec lam ati on
.
T heau thori ty of thean c i en thi s tori an s of A lex an d er, i n ac as ec i rc u m s tan c ed li kethi s , c an n otbe
d ou bted ; n or, i n c on s equ en c e, c an thef ac tthattherew as ac av eof P rom etheu s i n theti m eof
I In m y ac c ou n t of thec av e of P rom etheu s , I
hav ec aref u lly om i tted theparts w hereColon elW i lf ord w as d ec ei v ed
by
hi s P u n d i t
.
4
A s i at .Res
. Vol .VI .p .5 12 .

3 Ibi d .

+Ibi d .p
.5 15 .
s
T heabs olu tei d en ti ty of
theIn d i an m y thos atBou rd eau x an d theIn d i an m y thos
of P rom etheu s an d hi s E agle, of
w hom I
s hallhav em u c hm oretos ay hereaf ter, w i llprepareu s f ortherec epti on
of an otheran d as i m i larm y thos at
Bai eu x , i n af u tu repageof thi s w ork .
Book ` ' .
ChapterX II .S ec ti on 2

27 5
A lex an d er, i n U pperIn d i a, s om eon eof then u m erou s c av etem ples y etrem ai n i n g, s i m i lartothos e
atE llora, E lephan ta, orCabu l- hereby d ec i d ed ly prov i n gthattheG reekm y thology w as n otbrou ght
i n toIn d i ai n theti m eof theS eleu c i d ae, as alearn ed an d i n gen i ou s au thorhas , as alas tres ou rc e,
alleged
.T hi s i s of thes am en atu reas thatof theH erc u les atM atu rea, as d es c ri bed by A rri an ,
an d n oti c ed bef ore .T hes eare proof s n ot
probabi li ti es .
T ri f li n gas they appeartobeatf i rs t
s i ght, they arew orthv olu m es of f i n ereas on i n g
.T hey areli ketheM ay pole, an d A pri lf es ti v ali n
In d i aan d i n E n glan d , an d m u s tc arry c on v i c ti on tothem i n d of ev ery pers on w hokn ow s thev alu e
of ev i d en c e
.M an y f ac ts of thi s ki n d c an n otbeex pec ted , bu tv ery f ew ,
on e
i n d eed , i f i tbec lear,
i s en ou ghtoprov ethetru thof thes u s pec ted hi s tory
.Ithas als obeen s ai d , thati f thebooks of
theH i n d oos , theVed as , & c
., had been i n ex i s ten c ei n theti m eof theS eleu c i d m , theG reekau -
thors w ou ld hav en oti c ed them
.Id on otad m i tthattheargu m en thas an y w ei ght, w hen thec on -
tem ptof theG reeks f ortheBarbari i s c on s i d ered
;
an d w hen i ti s als oc on s i d ered w i thw hatd i f f i -
c u lty w ehav eobtai n ed theBrahm i n books
.Iti s as i n c on c lu s i v eas theargu m en tof thos ew ho
m ai n tai n thatS ton ehen gei s m od ern , bec au s etheRom an s d on otn oti c ei t
.
1
2.H ow theproof of thehi s tori es i n G en es i s bei n gi n term i x ed w i ththem y thos es of theG en -
ti les c an beof an y s erv i c etothed ef en d ers of theli teralc on s tru c ti on of thes ebooks , Ic an n otc on -
c ei v e .
Its eem s tom ethati f theplagu es of E gy ptan d thehi s tory of thef lood w eref ou n d i n
ev ery pari s hthrou ghou tthew orld i n them os tan c i en tof ti m es , they w ou ld n otberen d ered i n
thei rli teralm ean i n gi n theleas td egreem orec red i ble, n otev en thou ghs u pported by theOrac les ,
theS i by ls , an d theaf f i rm ati on s of thepri es ts
.T hrou ghou tallthew orld thes am es y s tem pre-
v ai led , n orc ou ld an y c ou n try beproperly s ai d tohav ec opi ed i ts s y s tem f rom others
.Ittrav elled
w i ththeabori gi n es ; w i ththem i tf lou ri s hed , an d w i ththem
d ec ay ed :
atf i rs tas thereli gi on of
Bu d d ha, thati s of Brahm aord i v i n ew i s d om , af terw ard as thereli gi on of Cri s tn a, an otheri n c arn a-
ti on of thes am ebei n gorhy pos tas i s .
M r .F aber 2 s ay s , "
T hec los eres em blan c eof thew holeLev i ti c alc erem on i altothec erem on i al
i n u s eam on gtheG en ti les has of ten been obs erv ed , an d has d i f f eren tly been ac c ou n ted f or
.T hi s
" res em blan c ei s s oc los ean d s operf ec t, thati ti s ali keabs u rd tod en y i ts ex i s ten c e, an d toas -
"
c ri bei ttom ereac c i d en t
.T hethi n gi ts elf i s an i n c on trov erti blem atterof f ac t
: an d i ti s af ac t

w hi c hm i ghtatf i rs ts eem tobeof s oex traord i n ary an atu re, thatw earei m peri ou s ly c alled on
" toac c ou n tf ori t ." A gai n , hes ay s , 3 "
S pen c erhas s hew n atf u lllen gth, thattherei s s c arc ely
" as i n gleou tw ard ord i n an c eof theM os ai c allaw , w hi c hd oes n otm i n u tely c orres pon d w i tha
" parallelou tw ard ord i n an c eof G en ti li s m ."
If pers on s w i llon ly ref lec tali ttlethey w i llperc ei v ethat, i f ev ery ord i n an c eof theJew s i s the
s am eas theord i n an c es of theG en ti les , theM y thos es m u s tn ec es s ari ly bethes am e
: thati s , that
thereli gi on s i n thei rc hi ef partm u s tbethes am e .
M r.M au ri c es ay s ,
a
" A f terall, w em u s tow n , w i thCalm et, thatthetem pleof thegreat
" Jehov ahhad m an y d ec orati on s s i m i lartothos ei n thehallow ed tem ples of A s i a
.H ew as s erv ed

there, s ay s thelas tc i ted au thor, w i thallthepom pan d s plen d ou rof an E as tern m on arc h
.H e
had hi s table, hi s perf u m es , hi s thron e, hi s bed - c ham ber, hi s of f i c es , hi s s i n gi n g- m en an d hi s
"
s i n gi n g- w om en ."
M r.F abers tates threew ay s of ac c ou n ti n gf orthes ef ac ts
.T hef i rs ti s , thattheG en ti les c opi ed
I S i n c eIpu bli s hed m y CE LT ICD RU ID S , i thas been obs erv ed tom e, thatof allthen u m erou s tu m u li w hi c hs u rrou n d
S ton ehen gean d w hi c hhav ebeen open ed , thou ghav ari ety of arti c les hav ebeen f ou n d , therehas n otbeen theleas tap-
pearan c eof an y thi n gRom an orof laterpeople' s . Can am ored ec i s i v eproof bed es i red , thatthebod i es w erebu ri ed
bef oretheti m eof theRom an s , an d thatthetu m u li c eas ed tobec em eteri es on thei rc on qu es tof thei s lan d ?
2
Ori g .P ag.Id ol .Vol .III .p .6 24 .

3
Ibi d
.p
.6 29 .

'
In d .A n t .Vol .V
.p .17 4
.
27 6

S pen c er, F aber, Bu rn et, Calm et, & c ., on G en es i s an d Its A llegory

f rom theJew s
.T hi s heeas i ly ref u tes
.T hes ec on d i s , thattheJew s c opi ed f rom theG en ti les .
Of thi s hes ay s , "
T hes ec on d theory , w hi c hi s prec i s ely therev ers eof thef i rs t, an d w hi c hs u p-
"
pos es theLev i ti c alarktobeac opy of thearkof Os i ri s , i s w holly u n i n c u m bered , i n d eed , w i th
~ ` c hron ologi c ald i f f i c u lti es
:
bu ti ti s atten d ed by others , w hi c h, perhaps , ares c arc ely les s f orm i -
d able .
Its ori gn alau thorw as , Ibeli ev e, theJew M ai m on i d es
:
thelearn ed S pen c erhas d raw n
` ~ i tou t, atf u lllen gth, an d has d i s c u s s ed i tw i thw on d erf u li n gen u i ty
:
an d them i ghty W arbu rton ,
"
w i thou td es c en d i n gtoparti c u lars , has gi v en i tthehon ou rables an c ti on of hi s en ti reapproba-
` ~ ti on
." ' H ethen s ati s f ac tori ly s pew s thatn ei therof thes es c hem es i s d ef en s i ble, an d u n d er-
takes toprov e, thatallthec erem on i alan d ri tu ali n pri n c i pleori gi n ated f rom an old patri arc hal
reli gi on
.A n d i n thi s Iqu i tec on c u rw i thhi m
; thou ghIc an n otallow thatreli gi on tohav ec on -
s i s ted i n thead orati on of N oah, hi s ark, an d hi s f am i ly
; thei d eaof w hi c hi s tom ealtogetherri -
d i c u lou s , toori d i c u lou s tod es erv eas eri ou s ref u tati on
.Bu tby an d by Is halls kew f rom w hat
patri arc halreli gi on thes eM os ai c ri tes w ered eri v ed
. 2
H ad n otM r
.F aberbeen bou n d by theprej u d i c es of hi s ed u c ati on , an d by thes ac erd otaloaths
w hi c hhetook, w hi ls talm os taboy , an d by w hi c hhei n f ac ts olem n ly en gaged n ev ertoaban d on
thef orm er, Ihav en od ou btthatm y pres en tlabou rs w ou ld hav ebeen u n n ec es s ary
.N om an
bef orehi m ev erc am es on earthetru th
.T hef ollow i n gi s n early hi s ac c ou n tof thean c i en t
phi los ophy , tau ghti n them y s teri es , w i ththeex c epti on of af ew s en ten c es w hi c hIhav eom i tted ,
an d w hi c harei n s erted by hi m tom akei tapply tohi s s hi pan d old w om en - tom akehi s s hi pan d
old w om en appeartheori gi n als , an d theheav en ly bod i es an d therec on d i tephi los ophy , the
m y thologi c alrepres en tati on s u n d erw hi c hthey w ered i s gu i s ed
; i n s tead of theheav en ly bod i es
an d thephi los ophy bei n gtheori gi n als , an d thes hi pan d old w om en them y thologi c alrepres en ta-
ti on s u n d erw hi c hthelatterw erec on c ealed f rom thev u lgarey e
.H ehas c ertai n ly prov ed the
s ec on d an d thi rd books of G en es i s tobeH i n d ooM y thos es
.
A s w ehav es een , i ti s ac kn ow led ged thattheJew i s han d theG en ti lec erem on i es arethe
s am e
.Iti s als oad m i tted thatn ei therc an hav ebeen borrow ed f rom theother .W ehav e
s een als o, thatthed oc tri n es arethes am e
.T hen i s i tn otreas on abletolookf ortheori gi n of theon e,
w herey ou
look f ortheori gi n of theother
? A tf i rs t, thes am es y s tem m u s thav eperv ad ed
thew holew orld
.Ithi n kIhav ealread y prov ed , thatallan c i en tn ati on s , alm os tw i thi n ev en the
reac hof hi s tory , had af orm of w ors hi pw i thou ti d ols
.T hean c i en tLati n s , thean c i en tG reeks ,
theE gy pti an s , theP elas gi , theS y ri an s , w hom ad etreati es w i thA braham an d Is aac , had n o
n am es f orthei rG od s
.W hatc an thi s u n i v ers alreli gi on hav ebeen , bu tthatof Bu d d haor
Brahm a?
If i tbetru ethattheP en tateu c hi an s y s tem i s am y thos , orm oreproperly s ev erald etac hed
parts of am y thos , i n pri n c i plethes am eas them y thos es of then ei ghbou ri n gn ati on s , i ti s n ow ay s
s u rpri s i n gthati ts hou ld hav em an y trai ts of s i m i lari ty tothem
.T heread erhas s een w hatI
' Ori g .P ag .Id ol . Vol .III .p .6 2 8 .
zA lthou ghou rgreatm en c an s w allow theli teralm ean i n g of
thef i rs tc hapterof G en es i s n ow , an d f i n d n o d i f f i c u lty
i n i t ; y etthes tom ac hs of thean c i en ts w eren otqu i tes oc apac i ou s
.S i rac i d es s ay s , thew orld w as n otc reated d ay
af terd ay , bu tallat on c e- s i m u l i n theLati n Vu lgate ; x oev i i n the LX X
.( E c c les .x v i .1 .) P hi loc alls i ts i lly , tothi n k
thatthew orld w as m ad ei n thec om pas s of s i x d ay s .Li b .A lleg .S t .A u gu s ti n als os ay s , i tw as prod u c ed aton eti m e .
( D e Ci v . D ei , Li b .
x i
. Cap .
x x x i
. ;
M orer
.D i al .on theS abbath, II
.P .10 7 .)
T heabs u rd i ty
of
thehi s tory thos e
m en c ou ld n otgetov er, theref orethey had rec ou rs etoex plan ati on s
.A n d althou ghthe S A IN T , A u gu s ti n , c ou ld n ot
beli ev es u c hthi n gs , hew as c an on i zed ; bu t i f am an d ou bt n ow
he i s d am n ed .Bu tthef ac tw as , thatallthes e apparen t
abs u rd i ti es had an allegori c alm ean i n g, an d d on otprov e, as s om epers on s hav ei m agi n ed , thef als i ty of thereli gi on ;
they on ly prov ethatthees oteri c reli gi on has n otbeen throw n open tothev u lgar .T hees oteri c reli gi on w as am as on i c
m y s tery
; Iam u n d ern oti e, an d Iw i llex plai n tothew orld w hati treally w as .
BookV
.ChapterX II .S ec ti on 2

27 7
hav es ai d tohav ebeen thef ou n d ati on , orn early thef ou n d ati on , of allthem y thos es of an ti qu i ty
;
bu thehas y etagreatd ealm oretos ee
. Iti s n atu raltos u ppos ethati n lon gperi od s of ti m e,
an d i n d i f f eren tn ati on s an d lan gu ages , greatc han ges w ou ld takeplac e, an d thatav as tv ari ety of
m i n ors y s tem s orm y thos es w ou ld ari s e
.
Iti s equ ally n atu raltoex pec tthatagen erals i m i lari ty
s hou ld n ev ertheles s prev ai l, or, thati n allthed i f f eren ts u pers tru c ti on s s om etrac es of theori gi n al
s hou ld bef ou n d
.A s w i ththes y s tem s of w ri ti n g,
thou ghthey bec am ev ery d i f f eren t, y eten ou gh
( i n d eed s u per- abu n d an t) reli c s of theold f i rs tlan gu ageareapparen ti n allof thes i x teen - letter
s y s tem , tos hew thatthey areallf rom on es ou rc e .
F rom theabov e- n am ed m y thos es , M r
.F aber
an d N i m rod hav es elec ted agreatn u m berof s i m i larm atters , w hi c hhav egi v en tothei rs y s tem s
a c ertai n d egreeof plau s i bi li ty .
T hei n gen u i ty of M r
.F aberi s s hew n i n an n ex i n gthew ord
H eli o
tothew ord ark, by w hi c hm ean s hes u c c eed s i n attri bu ti n gtohi s i m agi n ary w ors hi pof the
s hi p, therealw ors hi pof thes u n .
D i v i d ethew ord s , an d w hatw i llapply tothes u n , i s , i n
gen eral, ri d i c u lou s as appli ed tohi s s hi portoan old m an , theex alted f atheri ts s ai lor
, : an d , on
thec on trary , w hatw i llapply tothes hi pi s ri d i c u lou s as appli ed tothes u n
. Bu ti ti s i m pos s i ble
tod en y , f rom thef ac ts , theety m ologi es , an d thean alogi es , poi n ted ou tby thes elearn ed an d
i n gen i ou s d ev otees , thati ti s apparen tan u n i v ers alm y thos has prev ai led - thattheP en tateu c h
an d theIli ad ( of w hi c hIs halls ay m orehereaf ter) hav eori gi n ally had thes am em y thologi c al
d oc tri n es f orthei rf ou n d ati on s .
T hes egen tlem en taki n gtheallegori c alorm y thologi c alac c ou n ts
of theBi bletotheletter, hav em ad ethem y thos es of theG en ti les ben d tothem
. H ad they
pos s es s ed u n d ers tan d i n gs ali ttlem oreen larged , thei rlearn i n gan d i n gen u i ty w ou ld probably
hav eorgan i zed thec haos .
Bu tw hatc an beex pec ted f rom pers on s , how ev erlearn ed , w hobeli ev e
li keN i m rod thattheold G en ti leorac les
really
prophes i ed , ' orthatthepos s es s i on of hu m an
bei n gs by d aem on s on c eprev ai led . 2
P ers on s w hoc an beli ev ei n d aem on ology , s ec on d s i ght,
w i tc hc raf t, an d s i m i larn on s en s e, 3
althou ghv ery learn ed an d s ki lf u li n w ri ti n gn ov els , orm aki n g
pi c tu res , arew eakm en , u n d es erv i n gthen am eof phi los ophers
.T hey m ay am u s eaf ew of thei r
s ec tto- d ay ; pos teri ty w i llon ly s m i leto- m orrow
.
T hephi los ophy i n qu es ti on tau ghtthatm atteri ts elf w as etern al, bu tthati tw as li abletoen d les s
c han ges an d m od i f i c ati on s
; thatov eri tad em i u rgi c IN T E LLIG E N CE
pres i d ed , w ho, w hen aw orld
w as prod u c ed ou tof c haos , m an i f es ted hi m s elf atthec om m en c em en tof thatw orld as thegreat
u n i v ers alf atherbothof m en an d an i m als
:
that, d u ri n gtheex i s ten c eof thew orld , ev ery thi n gi n
i tw as u n d ergoi n gaperpetu alc han ge :
n oreald es tru c ti on of an y s u bs tan c etaki n gplac e, bu ton ly
atran s m u tati on of i t
:
that, attheen d of ac ertai n appoi n ted greatperi od , thew orld w as d es ti n ed
tobered u c ed toi ts pri m ev alm ateri alc haos
:
thattheagen tof i ts d i s s olu ti on w as af lood ei therof
w aterorof f i re :
thatatthi s ti m ealli ts i n habi tan ts peri s hed
; an d thegreatf ather, theBrahm e-
M ai , f rom w hos es ou lthes ou lof ev ery m an w as ex c erpted , ( i
.e
.em an ated , ) an d i n tow hos es ou l
thes ou lof ev ery m an m u s tf i n ally beres olv ed , w as lef ti n thes oli tary m aj es ty of abs trac ted m ed i -
tati on :
that, d u ri n gtheprev alen c eof thed elu gean d therei gn of c haos , hef loated u pon thes u r-
f ac eof them i ghty d eep, thebei n gon w hi c hherepos ed bei n grepres en ted by as hi p, alotu s , an
egg, thes ea- s erpen t, then av i c u larleaf , orthelu n arc res c en t
:
thatthetw ogen erati v epow ers of
n atu re, them alean d f em ale, w erethen red u c ed tothei rs i m ples tpri n c i ples , an d w erei n as tateof
m y s ti c c on j u n c ti on brood i n gon thes u rf ac eof thed eep
.
T heBrali m e- M ai aorG reatF atherw as
bu tm y s ti c ally alon e :
f orhec om prehen d ed w i thi n hi s ow n es s en c ethreef i li alem an ati on s , an d w as
hi m s elf c on s pi c u ou s i n ei ghtd i s ti n c tf orm s
:
4
thatatthec los eof ad i v i n ey ear, thed elu geabati n g,
1 P .4 8 8 , of S u pp .E d i ti on .

2
A ls oD olphi n , p .4 0 5 , i b.
Vi d es tory of theG hos ts een by theRev .M r .Ru d d le, & c ., & c
.! i n N i m rod , p
.5 8 8 , i b .
4 W on d erf u ltotell, M r
.F aberc an s een othi n gherebu tA d am , Cai n , A bel, an d S eth- orN oah, hi s w i f e, an d S hem ,
9 7 8
F aber' s T ri n i ty of theIn d i an s an d theH ebrew s
theG reatF atheraw aked totheref orm i n gof thew orld ou tof thec haoti c m as s
; an d thatheap-
peared w i thhi s threeem an ati on s , I an d i n hi s ei ghtf orm s ,
2 as hehad appeared atthec om m en c e-
m en tof f orm erw orld s
:
thatthi s n ew w orld w as d es ti n ed toru n thes am ec ou rs eas f orm erw orld s
thatthi s altern ati on of d es tru c ti on an d reprod u c ti on , w as etern albothretros pec ti v ely an d pro-
s pec ti v ely
: thattod es troy w as , c on s equ en tly , n othi n gm orethan toc reateu n d eran ew f orm
. 3
T hi s i s thed oc tri n ew hi c hM r
.F abers u ppos es w as tau ghti n thean c i en tm y s teri es , ex c eptm y
leav i n gou tan d alteri n gs om etri f li n gparts f orc ed i n tos u i ti ttohi s pec u li artheory
.Bu ti tw i ll
n otbed en i ed tobeon thew holeas u bli m es y s tem .Ithas them eri t, too, of bei n g, w hen thu s
c orrec ted , n early thetru es y s tem of thef i rs ts ages of an ti qu i ty .
3 .T hef ollow i n gac c ou n tof theH ebrew an d In d i an T ri n i ti es , ac c ord i n gtoM r
.F aber, i s v ery
s tri ki n g
"
In theprec ed i n gc i tati on s f rom theG eeta, w em ay obs erv ethatVi s hn ou orCri s hn ai s i d en ti -
f i ed w i thBrahm , althou ghon eof hi s threeem an ati on s ; an d w em ay als oobs erv e, thati n the
" s i n glec harac terof Brahm , allthethreeof f i c es of Brahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a, areu n i ted
.H ei s
"
aton c ethec reator, thepres erv er, an d thed es troy er
.H ei s thepri m ev alH erm aphrod i te, or

thegreatf atheran d thegreatm otherblen d ed togetheri n on epers on

.Con s equ en tly hei s the
"
s am eas theherm aphrod i ti c S i v a, i n thef orm w hi c htheH i n d oos c all 4 rd f i a- N ari ; thes am e
"
als oas Brahm aan d Vi s hn ou , f oreac hof thes ei s s i m i larly an herm aphrod i teby an u n i on w i th
" hi s properS ac ti orheav en ly c on s ort ; 4 thes am em oreov eras theOrphi c Ju pi teran d theE gy p-
ti an Os i ri s ; thes am eas A d on i s , D i on u s u s , an d A ty s ; thes am e, i n s hort, as thec om pou n d
" greatf atheri n ev ery partof thepagan w orld ." - " Yetthi s c om pou n d greatf ather, as thew hole
of hi s hi s tory s hew s , i s n otthetru eG od
;
bu tabei n g, w hohas been m ad etou s u rphi s attri -
bu tes .
H ei s pri m ari ly A d am an d theE arth, an d s ec on d ari ly N oahan d theA rk
.In thef orm er

c as e, hi s threeem an ati on s of c hi ld ren , w hopartakeof hi s n atu re, an d w hod i s c hargehi s pre-

ten d ed f u n c ti on s , areCai n , A bel, an d S eth ; i n thelatter, they areS hem , H am , an d Japhet .

A c c ord i n gly , Brahi n hi m s elf i s d ec lared tobethes am eas M en u ; an d Brahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d

" S i v a, arei d en ti f i ed w i ththos ethrees on s of M en u , w hoappearatthec om m en c em en tof ev ery

M an w an tara, w hos eproperhu m an n am es ares ai d by theH i n d oos tobe S an ea an d Cam a an d

P ra- Japati , an d w hotran s m i ttothei rd es c en d an ts thes c eptreof s ov erei gn ty throu ghou tthe
" w holed u rati on of thei rallotted peri od .
" On thi s poi n ttheH i n d oow ri ters ares u f f i c i en tly ex pli c i t
; thou ghby thei rw i ld s y s tem of

pers on alm u lti pli c ati on an d repeated A v atari s m , they hav es u peri n d u c ed ac ertai n d egreeof c an -

f u s i on .T heev i d en c em ay bes u m m ed u pi n thef ollow i n gm an n er

"
W earetau ghton theon ehan d , thatBrahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a, arees s en ti ally bu tas i n gle

pers on ;
an d thi s s i n glepers on i s Brahm , w hou n i tes i n hi m s elf thed i v i d ed attri bu tes of the
H am , an d Japhet, an d thei rthreew i v es - i n allei ght
. H eei therc on c eals , orhi s prej u d i c ehas bli n d ed hi m tothe
Brahm e- M ai a, theS u prem eBei n gan d hi s threeem an ati on s - Brahm a, Vi s hn u , an d S i v a- thec reator, thepres erv er, an d
thed es troy er
; an d theei ghtplan etary bod i es , theS u n , theE arth, theM oon , an d thef i v eP lan ets
. Ireally c an hard ly
bri n gm y s elf tothebeli ef thathec an bes o
bli n d . Bu thepretty w ellprov es w herethem y thos of G en es i s c am ef rom ,
oron w hati tw as f ou n d ed .
P ow ers
.T hef orm i n gpow er, thepres erv i n gpow er, an d thed es troy i n gpow er
; attri bu tes
of
om n i poten c e
.
s
T heplan etary s u bs tan c es hav i n gf orm , hi s A n gels orM es s en gers , thel' tt
& m i n
.
3 O
ri g .P ag
.Id ol .Vol .III .p
.11 7 .
4
F rom thi s herm aphrod i ted es c ri bed by M r
.F aber, probably c am ethec on s tru c ti on of thev ers ei n G en es i s ,
( s oG od
c reated m an i n hi s ow n i m a, ae,
i n thei m ageof G od c reated
he H IM ; m alean d f em alec reated he
T H E M , ) thatthef i rs t
m alean d f em alehu m an bei n gs w erej oi n ed i n on ebod y , orw ere, i n s om ew ay , H erm aphrod i ti c
. T hi s w as thebeli ef
of m an y Jew s an d Chri s ti an s i n f orm erti m es
.
H ere, as u s u al, w egotoIn d i a, bothf orthebookan d i ts m ean i n g .
BookV.ChapterX II .S ec ti on 3

27 9
' ~ three ;
an d thatthetri pli c ated Brahm i s m ateri ally theW orld , as tron om i c ally theS u n , an d m y s -

ti c ally thegreatH erm aphrod i te, w hoi s equ ally thef atheran d them otherof theu n i v ers e
.Bu t

w earetold , on theotherhan d , thatM en u - S w ay am bhu v ai s c on j oi n tly an d i n d i v i d u ally Brahm a,

Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a ;
thathehad threes on s , w hos pran gi n am ortals hapef rom hi s bod y , an d

w hon am ed hi s threed au ghters ;

an d thatthes ethrees on s w eres ev erally Brahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d

S i v a.
" S u c harethed ec larati on s of theH i n d ootheologi s ts
; an d thei n f eren c etobed raw n f rom them
" i s abu n d an tly obv i ou s
.S i n c eBrahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a, arec on j oi n tly M en u - S w ay am bhu v a
;
an d s i n c ethey areals oc on j oi n tly thei m agi n ed s u prem eG od Brahm
; i ti s ev i d en t, thatBrahm
` ~ an d M en u - S w ay am bhu v am u s treally bethes am epers on
.A n d agai n , s i n c eBrahm a, Vi s hn ou ,
' ~ an d S i v a, ares ev erally thethrees on s of M en u - S w ay am bhu v a
; an d s i n c ethey areals othree
s u ppos ed em an ati on s f rom Brahm ;
i tm u s tplai n ly f ollow , thatthef am ou s tri ad of H i n d ootheo-
logy , w hi c hs om ehav ei n c au ti ou s ly d eem ed ac orru pti m i tati on of theT ri n i ty , i s really c om pos ed

of thethrees on s of am erem ortal, w ho, u n d erthen am eof M en u , i s d es c ri bed as thegen eral

an c es torof m an ki n d
.Brahm then atthehead of theIn d i an tri ad , i s M en u atthehead of hi s

threes on s
.Bu tthatby thef i rs tM en u w earetou n d ers tan d A d am i s ev i d en t, bothf rom the

rem arkablec i rc u m s tan c eof hi m s elf an d hi s c on s ortbeari n gtheti tles of

A d i n aa an d Iv a, an d f rom
" then oles s rem arkabletrad i ti on thaton eof hi s threes on s w as m u rd ered by hi s brotheratas a-

c ri f i c e .H en c ei tw i llf ollow thatBrahm , atthehead of theIn d i an tri ad , i s A d am atthehead of

` ~ hi s threes on s , Cai n , A bel, an d S eth ." I
T hi s m ay betru e, u n les s theread ers hou ld thi n kw i thm ethattheprof ou n d H i n d ood oc tri n e
d oes n otari s ef rom thehi s tory of them en , bu tthatthed oc tri n ei s d i s gu i s ed u n d ertheallegory of
m en toc on c eali tf rom thev u lgarey e, af terthem an n erof alltheotherM y thos es of A n ti qu i ty
.
A gai n , M r ., F abers ay s , " E ac hM en u , how ev er, w i thhi s tri pleof f s pri n g, i s on ly thereappearan c e

of af orm erM en u w i thhi s tri pleof f s pri n g ;

f or, i n ev ery s u c hm an i f es tati on atthe- c om m en c e-
m en tof eac hM an w an tara, theH i n d ooT ri m u rti orT ri ad bec om es i n c arn ate, by tran s m i grati n g
" f rom thehu m an bod i es oc c u pi ed d u ri n gapri ori n c arn ati on
; Brahm ortheU n i ty appeari n gas
thepatern alM en u of an ew age, w hi lethetri ad of Brahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a, i s ex hi bi ted i n
" thepers on s of hi s threes on s .T hef i rs tM en u , theref ore, w i thhi s threes on s , m u s tbev i ew ed
"
as reappeari n gi n thec harac ters of M en u - S aty av rataan d hi s tri pleof f s pri n g- S am a, Cam a,

an d P ra- Japati
.Bu ttheark- pres erv ed M en u - S aty av rataan d hi s threes on s , arec ertai n ly
" N oahan d hi s threes on s , S hem , H am , an d Japhet
.H en c eagai n i tw i llf ollow , s i n c eM en u -
' S aty av ratai s on ly areappearan c eof M en u - A d i m a, an d s i n c ethetri pli c ated M en u - A d i m ai s the
" s am eas thetri pli c ated Brahm , thatBrahm atthehead of theIn d i an tri ad i s li kew i s eN oahatthe
" head of hi s threes on s ." 2
N otw i ths tan d i n gthen on s en s ei n theabov eex trac ts abou tBrahm bei n gthew orld , & c
., an d the
i n gen i ou s m i s repres en tati on thatBrahm i s n otthetru eG od , en ou ghtran s pi res tos hew thatthe
m y thos es of theIs raeli tes an d of theBrahm i n s arees s en ti ally thes am e
.W hen thi s i s ad d ed to
thegen eralc harac terof thehi s tory , of thes erpen t, of thetreeof kn ow led ge, & c
., & c ., an d tothe
proof w hi c hhas been gi v en by S i rW
.D ru m m on d , i n hi s CE d i pu s Ju d ai c u s , thatthen am es of
thepers on s an d plac es i n G en es i s hav eas tron om i c alm ean i n gs , Ithi n kn oon ec an hes i tateto
agreew i ththe A N CIE N T JE W S A N D F A T H E RS OF T H E CH RIS T IA N CH U RCH ,
thatthew holei s
allegory .In thi s Ibeli ev ef ew peoplew ou ld d i f f erf rom m e, i f ali terali n terpretati on w ere
n otw an ted tobols teru pthos epern i c i ou s heres i es , Ori gi n alS i n an d theA ton em en t- thew i ld
c hi m eras of i n s an ef an ati c s , of f orm erti m es , an d held by them od ern s throu ghtheprej u d i c es of
' F aber, Ori g .P ag .Id ol .pp . 117 , 118 .

Ibi d .p .119 .
28 0
F aber' s T ri n i ty of theIn d i an s an d theH ebrew s
ed u c ati on .H ow s u rpri s i n gthatam an of learn i n gan d talen tli keM r .F abers hou ld s u c c eed i n
pers u ad i n ghi m s elf thattheP latos an d Ci c eros of an ti qu i ty , w erec on tem pti bleen ou ghtoad ore
threeorf ou rold w om en an d arotten s hi p!
Its eem s n ev ertohav eoc c u rred toM r .F aber, i n hi s attem pttoprov ethatalltheprof ou n d
theori es an d learn i n gof theP latos , P y thagoras es , an d H i n d oophi los ophers , w eren othi n gbu t
f i gu rati v erepres en tati on s of hi s s hi pan d old w om en , thathem i ghtprov ethes hi pan d i ts c rew
w eren othi n gbu tan allegori c alrepres en tati on oran i n c arn ati on of thetheori es of thephi los ophers .
H ow ev er, w i thgreatlearn i n gan d talen t, hehas c ertai n ly ren d ered thi s ex trem ely probable, i f he
hav en otac tu ally prov ed i t- w hi c h, i n d eed , Ithi n km os tu n prej u d i c ed peoplew i llallow thatbe
has d on e
.In thi s hehas s hew n thatthepri es ts of theIs raeli tes w ereli kethos eof allother
n ati on s , w hod res s ed u pord i s gu i s ed thei rrec on d i tephi los ophi c ald oc tri n es u n d ertherepres en ta-
ti on of hu m an ad v en tu res of d i f f eren tki n d s , i n ord erthebettertos ec u retothem s elv es d om i n i on
ov erthev u lgar- thatv u lgarw how i llbei n af u ry w i thm ef oren d eav ou ri n gtou n d ec ei v ethem .
T hes i m i lari ty of then u m bers , i n theM os ai c hi s tory , w i ththen u m bers c on s tan tly rec u rri n gi n
theH i n d oos y s tem s , s eem s v ery s tri ki n g .H ereareA d am an d hi s threes on s , an d N oahan d hi s
three- s on s , eac hc las s an s w eri n gtoBrahm an d hi s threeem an ati on s - Brahm a, Vi s hn ou , an d S i v a
.
T hereareei ghtpers on s i n theark, an s w eri n gtothes u n an d s ev en plan etary bod i es
.Bu tw hether
thehi s tori es of A d am an d N oahan d thei rf am i li es w eretaken f rom them etaphy s i c alan d prof ou n d
theory of theherm aphrod i ti c c reator, pres erv er, an d d es troy er- thes u n pres i d i n gov erthe
plan etary s y s tem
; or, therec on d i tes y s tem w as f orm ed , an d thes u n an d plan ets n u m bered af ter
hi m an d hi s f am i ly , Ileav etoev ery pers on toj u d geof as hethi n ks proper
.T hepi ou s d ev otee,
totheli teralm ean i n g, w i ll, n od ou bt, takethef orm er .Ii n c li n etothelatter, w hi c hw i llen able
m eby an d by toprov ethetru thof Chri s ti an i ty tothephi los ophers
.Bu tId on otm ean by
Chri s ti an i ty , thatof theP ope, pu tti n gu pthepi c tu reof them as s ac reof S t
.Bartholom ew i n
hi s c hapel
; orthatof Calv i n , bu rn i n gS erv etu s
; orthatof Cran m er, bu rn i n gJoan Boc her .
T hebookof G en es i s w as c on s i d ered by m os t, i f n otall,
of thean c i en tJew i s hphi los ophers an d
Chri s ti an f athers as an allegory .F orpers on s u s i n gthei ru n d ers tan d i n gs , torec ei v ei ti n
a li teral
s en s e, w as i m pos s i ble : an d w hen w ef i n d m od ern Chri s ti an s s orec ei v i n gi t, w eon ly f i n d aproof
that, w i ththem as s of m an ki n d , reas on has n othi n gtod ow i threli gi on , an d thatthepow erof
ed u c ati on i s s ogreat, as i n m os tc as es toren d ertheu n d ers tan d i n gu s eles s
.In theJew i s hreli gi on ,
as i n allotherreli gi on s , therew as an es otori c an d an ex oteri c m ean i n gof i ts d ogm as
.On egreat
obj ec tof M os es ev i d en tly w as tod es troy i d olatry
; hew as of theIc on oc las ti c s ec t- thatw as all
.
H ew as , i n f ac t, of theLi n gas ec tof theIn d i an s , an d of theP ers ees ec t, orof thereli gi on of the
P ers i an s .H ead ored thes ac red f i reas theem blem of theS u prem eBei n g, prec i s ely af terthe
m an n erof theOri en taln ati on s , an d hereprobated thew ors hi pof A d on i s , then am eequ ally of
theIs raeli ti s han d H eathen G od , an d A s tarte, i n thes hapeof aG old en Calf , i atS i n ai
.T hi s
w as thec hi ef obj ec tof hi s s y s tem ; bu ts om ethi n gm orew i llbepoi n ted ou thereaf ter
.
' In thean n u n c i ati on of
thef es ti v alof thegold en c alf A aron ex pres s es hi m s elf i n thef ollow i n gw ord s
: F es tu m
A d on ai c ras .( S eld en d eD i i s S y ri i s S y n t .I .Cap.i v
.) In A rabi a, w hereA aron then w as , Bac c hu s , theS av i ou r, w as
ad ored u n d erthen am eof U rotalt, an d u n d ertheti tleof A d on ai or
of A d on eu s .( A u s on . E pi g
.29 .) U rotalti s
ev i d en tly thetw oLati n w ord s
U ru s an d
A ltu s - the lof ty Bu llorBeev e
.P robably theti tleof U ran i a, gi v en toVen u s ,
c am ef rom the U ru s . T hej u n c ti on of
thetw o, theVen u s an d the U ru s prod u c ed G od thegen erator
.D ' A n c arv i lle,
Vol .I .p .4 7 .
In Jer . x lv i .15 , theLX X ren d erthepas s age,
d A ai s , o E.aoc x os o F x X ex v ota s - A pi s
thy c hos en Calf
.
T hi s i s j u s ti f i ed
by f orty - s i x of D r .K en n i c ot' s m an u s c ri pts , w hi c hread
` i 1' tta6 i rk i n thes i n gu lar, an d n ot7 ' i ' t bi ri k
i n theplu ral .
N ow , as Ilook u pon the LX X as am os tv alu able
glos s , an d as bei n gu n prej u d i c ed w herev eri tgi v es am ean i n gagai n s t
thed oc tri n es of theJew s of i ts ow n orof laterti m es , I
pay m u c hatten ti on toi t, parti c u larly w hen , as here, I f i n d i t
s u pported by thev ari ou s read i n gs .
BookV.ChapterX II .S ec ti on 4

28 1
T herei s on ef ac tw hi c hm u s t, Is hou ld thi n k, hav ebeen obs erv ed by ev ery pers on c on v ers an t
w i thi n qu i ri es of then atu reof thos eon w hi c hIhav ebeen em ploy ed , an d i ti s thi s
: allthos e
w orks , w i thou tex c epti on , w hi c hw ec allearly hi s tori es , ared eeply tai n ted w i thm y thology
; s o
thatw ehav en ot, i n f ac t, on eearly realhi s tory
.W hatev erm ay hav ebeen thec au s e, theef f ec t
i s , thattheearly hi s tory of ev ery s tate, li kethatof Rom e, has been m ad eu s eof as aki n d of peg
tohan gas y s tem of pri es tc raf torm y thos on
.T hem y thos , n otthe - hi s tory , i s theobj ec tof the
w ri ter : as m i ghtbeex pec ted , the hi s tory ben d s , n otthe m y thos , i f they d on otf i t
.Of thi s the
early Rom an hi s tory i s an ex am ple
.T hehi s tori an s n otu n d ers tan d i n gi thav erec ord ed as hi s tory
them os tpalpablen on s en s e
.H erod otu s i s an ex am pleof thi s .H i s s tory i s thef i rs ti n G reec e
w hi c hw as told f orthepu rpos es of hi s tory .A llf orm ers tori es w eref orthepu rpos eof as ec ret
d oc tri n e, d es i red tobeperpetu ated i n s ec rec y : f i rs tv erbally told i n v ers eorrhy thm f or the
as s i s tan c eof them em ory , n ex tw ri tten
.S u c hw erethew orks of H es i od an d H om er .
M r
.F aberhas c learly prov ed , as theread erhas s een , thattheM os ai c ac c ou n ts of thec reati on ,
an d of thef lood of w hi c hIs halltreati n m y n ex tbook, aretobef ou n d i n thew orks of the
H i n d oos ; theou tli n es orgreatpoi n ts bei n gev i d en tly thes am e .Yettheparti c u lars d i f f ers u f f i -
c i en tly toi n d u c eas u s pi c i on , that they aren otc opi es of eac hother, bu tw ereprobably d raw n f rom
ac om m on s ou rc e .T hem ateri alparts of thehi s tory m ay betru e .Ibeli ev ei t, as Ibeli ev ethe
hi s tory of T ac i tu s .Ibeli ev ethatVes pas i an li v ed
;
bu tVes pas i an ' s m i rac les , as related by hi m , I
c an n otbeli ev e
.Ibeli ev ei n ac reati on ; bu tId on otbeli ev ethatG od w alked i n theG ard en .I
beli ev ei n af lood ; bu tIc an n otbeli ev ethatallthean i m als of theold , as w ellas thos eof - the
N E W W ORLD , ' w erepu ti n toon es hi p .M an y otherthi n gs Ibeli ev e, an d m an y otherthi n gs I
d on otbeli ev e ; bu ti ti s alw ay s apleas u retom etof i n d ( i f thed oc tri n es of Jes u s alon ebethe
reli gi on of m y c ou n try ) thatm y f ai th, thou ghd i f f eri n gf rom i t, i n af ew tri f li n gan d u n i m portan t
poi n ts , i s n ev ertheles s thes am ei n i ts greatf ou n d ati on s .If theread erw i llc on s u lttheT ran s -
ac ti on s of theA s i ati c S oc i ety of Calc u tta, parti c u larly Volu m eIV ., bew i llf i n d i n n u m erableproof s
thattheG rec i an hi s tori es , equ ally w i ththeM os ai c an d H i n d oom y thologi es , arem os tof them
d raw n f rom thes am ec om m on f ou n tai n , i n U pperIn d i a, abou tBalk, Cabu l, an d S am arkan d .T he
s am eu n i v ers als y s tem perv ad ed thew hole, an d , n od ou bt, had i ts ori gi n i n an c i en tBu d d hi s m .
M an y f ac ts s tated by M r .F aberhav i n gbeen taken f rom thew orks of M r .W i lf ord , bef orethe
f rau d s w hi c hon eof theBrahm i n s prac ti s ed u pon hi m w ered i s c ov ered , i ti s n ec es s ary toread
w i thc au ti on , an d ex c lu d etheparts i n w hi c hhem i ghtbed ec ei v ed ; bu ttherei s qu i teen ou ghto
s ati s f y an y u n prej u d i c ed pers on , thatthebooks of G en es i s arem y thos es orparables , thes am e
as thos eof theH i n d oos , an d , i n s hort, of alltheothern ati on s of an ti qu i ty .
T hattheM os ai c c erem on i es w erethes am eas - thos eof theG en ti les , has been prov ed by
S pen c er, F aber, an d otherlearn ed d i v i n es , bey on d d i s pu te
.T hi s bei n gthef ac t, i td oes n ots een
s u rpri s i n gthatthed oc tri n es of thetw os hou ld als opartakeof thes am ec harac ter, w hen s tri pped
of thec orru pti on s w hi c hthepri es ts an d thei n f i rm i ti es of hu m an i ty hav ei n trod u c ed i n tothem .
W es een oton ly thes am ef u n d am en talT ri n i ty , bu tw es eethes am es y s tem of c on c ealm en tu n d er
apparen tly abs u rd m y thos es orallegori c alrepres en tati on s , - abs u rd , i n d eed , toou tw ard appear-
an c e, bu tprobably , i f perf ec tly u n d ers tood , c ov eri n gas y s tem of w i s d om an d tru th
.Bu ten ou gh
es c apes toprov ethat, f orou rgood , as m u c hi s kn ow n as i s n ec es s ary .Iam of opi n i on thatthe
obj ec tof Jes u s w as theref orm of theJew i s hpoli ty , an d theres torati on of thereli gi on of the
G en ti les tothatof A braham an d M elc hi zed ek, thati s , Bu d d ha ; f orIam pers u ad ed they w ere
ori gi n ally thes am e- thereli gi on of thef i rs tP ers i an s , ors om ethi n g v ery n eartoi t, d es c ri bed by
I
N on eof w hi c hw ereev erf ou n d i n theold w orld .
X 8 2
F aber' s T ri n i ty of theIn d i an s an d theH ebrew s
S i rW
.Jon es as bei n gs obeau ti f u l
.Bu tthed i s c u s s i on of thi s poi n tbelon gs tothelatterpartof
m y w ork.
Lettheread erlookatthepri n tof Cri s tn abru i s i n gthes erpen t' s head , an d thatals oof hi s
brood i n gon thew aters , an d then d ou bt, i f hec an , thatthes y s tem of G en es i s an d thatof In d i a
w erethes am e
.T hi s prov es thed oc tri n e, as w ellas theri tu al, tobei d en ti c al
.T hey arepri n ts
of s tatu es c u tou tof roc ks lon gbef oretheChri s ti an v
era
.Lethi m c on s i d erthehi s tori es of
S am s on , H erc u les , an d Bala- Ram a, of Bu d d haan d Os i ri s , Bu d v ar, H erm es , an d F o, an d d ou btthe
i d en ti ty i f hec an
.T hen , how i s i tpos s i bletod ou bt, thattheori gi n alm y thos es on w hi c hthes e
aref ou n d ed w erethes am e?
On thi s s u bj ec tM ai m on i d es s ay s ,
"
N on om n i as ec u n d u m li tteram i n telli gen d aetac c i pi en d a

es s e
qu aed i c u n tu ri n opereBeres c het, ( G en es i s , ) s i c u t
VU LG U S hom i n u m ex i s ti m at
s en s u s

en i m i lloru m prav as v elgi gn u n tc ogi tati on es , i m agi n ati on es , etopi n i on es , d en atu raD ei , v el
"
c ertef u n d am en talegi s ev ertu n t, haeres i m qu eali qu aten u s i n trod u c u n t
." I
T helearn ed S pen c ers ay s , E s u peri ori bu s ev i d en s es s ec en s eo,
om n i s gen eri s arc an as u bri tu u m

M os ai c oru m tegm i n elatu i s s e

.Qu od i taqu eP lu tarc hu s , c red u latem eri tate, d ereli gi os i s E gy p-
` {
ti oru m i n s ti tu ti s d i x i t, d eJu d aeoru m s ac ri s etc erem on i i s u s u rpem u s
.N i hi l a rati on ed i s s on u m ,

f abu los u m n i hi l, n i hi ls u pers ti ti on em olen s , i n eoru m s ac ri s c on s ti tu tu m es t

: s ed qu aed am ethi c as
"
etu ti les d oc tri n ali n rec es s u c on ti n en ti a, ali av eron on ex perti aelegan ti aec u j u s d am hi s tori c aev el
" phi los ophi c w . " 2
T hef ac tthatthebooks of M os es d oc ov eras ec retd oc tri n ebei n gherebroad ly ad m i tted by
S pen c er, on eof them os tlearn ed d i v i n es of theBri ti s hP rotes tan tChu rc h, Ihopean d tru s tIm ay
s tan d ex c u s ed , i f If i n d m y s elf u n d erthen ec es s i ty of ad opti n ghi s pri n c i ple- w hi c h, u n d erthe
w ord s
om n i s gen eri s , i s pretty ex ten s i v e
.T hi s has n othi n gtod ow i ththequ es ti on w hetherthe
es oteri c d oc tri n e, ad m i tted toex i s t, beorben otri ghtly u n d ers tood by m e
.Ion ly here c on ten d
thatthere
w as a s ec retd oc tri n e
.W hatthats ec retd oc tri n ew as , i s n otthes u bj ec tof thi s
s ec ti on .
T hef ollow i n gi s theopi n i on of thelearn ed T hom as Bu rn et, on eof thef i rs tof Chri s ti an phi lo-
s ophers :
" S ed qu i d tan d em , i n qu i es , om n i bu s perpen s i s , d eH ebraeoru m Cabalas tatu en d u m eri t
?

N i lhabetarc an i s en s f ls , n i ls api en ti aerec on d i tee

; n equ eoli m habu i t ? Rabbi n oru m c ord ati s s i -
"
m u s , M os es M ai m on i d es , ai t, oli m f u i s s eapu d H ebrw os d erebu s d i v i n i s m u ltam y s teri a, s ed
" peri i s s e :
v eli n j u ri atem pori s , etrepeti ti s gen ti s i s ti u s c alai n i tati bu s
; v elex eoqu od prohi bi tu m
"
f u i t, m y s teri ad i v i n as c ri pti s c on s i gn are
.S ed au d i am u s , s i plac et, i ps i u s v erbaLati n e .S c i to
"
m u ltas egregi as s en teu ti as , qu w i n gen ten os traoli m f u eru n t, d ev eri tatei s taru m reru m , parti m
"
lon gi n qu i tatetem pori s , parti m i n f i d eli u m ets tu ltoru m popu loru m i n n os d om i n ati on e
: parti m

eti am qu od n on c u i v i s ( s i c u tex pos u i m u s ) c on c es s aeran tm y s teri a, peri i s s e, eti n obli v i on en l

" d ev en i s s e
.N i hi len i m perm i s s u m eratli tteri s m an d are, n i s i eaqu eei n li bros s ac ros d i ges taet

relataeran t
.N os ti en i m T alm u d i ps u i n i n tern os rec eptu m , oli m n on f u i s s ei n c ertu m li bru m

d i ges tu m , propterrati on em i s tam , qu w tu m pas s i m obti n ebati n gen ten os tra : VE RBA QVX
" D IX I T IBI ORE , N ON
LICE T T IBI S CRIP T O D IVU LG A RE ."
H w c es ts en ten ti aM ai m on i d i s " d e
~ ` oc c u ltav eteri qu eJu d aeoru m s api en ti a ." 3 A gai n hes ay s ,
" S i v en i am d am u s c on j ec tu ri s , i n i llam
" opi n i on em f ac i led es c en d erem , A n ti qu am Cabalam
Realen i ( n am v erbali s es tf i gm en tu rn hu m a-
" n u m ) trac tas s epoti s s i m u m d ereru m ori gi n ati on e,
etgrad ati on i bu s .S i v ed em od oprod u c ti on i s

au tprof lu x u s reru m apri m oen te, etearu n d em reru m grad i bu s etd es c en s u as u m m i s ad i m a

."
a
I
M ai m .M oreN ev oc .P ars i i .Cap .x x i x .p .27 3 ; Beau s
.H i s t .M an i c h .Vol .II .p .4 5 1 .
2
Li b
.i .Cap .x i S ec t .3 .

3
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4
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BookVII .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 3

3 3 7
tog etheri n N u b i aorE thi opi a ? Id es i rehi m torec ol l ec tm y ob s erv ati on , thati n m an y i n s tan c es
af terthec on q u erors of ac ou n try , theG reeks f ori n s tan c e, had g i v en n ew n am es toi t, theol d
i n hab i tan ts orthei rd es c en d an ts res tored theori g i n al on es .
2.T heH i n d oorel i g i on s tates M ou n tM erou tob etheG ard en of E d en orP arad i s e, ou tof w hi c h
w en tf ou rri v ers .T hes eri v ers aretheBu rram pu ter, orBrahm apou ter, thes on of Brahm a
; 2d l y ,
theG an g es , G an g aorri v erx al ' eZ oX ~ v , f em al eorG od d es s G an g es , i n f ac t, ag en eri c n am ef or
s ac red ri v ers
; 3 d l y , theIn d u s , S i n d , theri v er b l u e
or b l ac k ; an d , 4 thl y , theO x u s , G i hon , or
Dji hhou n
.
T hes eri v ers w ereal s oc al l ed Chai s hu , Bhad ra, S i ta, an d G an g a, i n theH i n d ool an g u ag e
:
an d
thec ou n try b etw een tw oof theri v ers w as c al l ed ad ou ab f rom d u o- au b , l i keM es opotam i a, f rom
F t
.ea - os i ros a oc - i a . In l i kem an n er, theri v ers E u phrates an d T i g ri s w eres u ppos ed tof l ow f rom
Araratan d P arad i s e ;
b u ts ti l l on eof them w as thou g httob etheri v erG an g es , w hi c hf l ow ed
u n d erg rou n d f rom In d i a, an d appeared atthef ootof theArm en i an m ou n tai n s :
an d they f orm ed ,
l i kew i s e, aM es opotam i a .T heN i l eal s ow as s u ppos ed tob etheE u phrates , w hi c h, b y an u n d er-
g rou n d c han n el , w as c on v ey ed i n toAf ri c a .In thi s w ay i s ac c ou n ted f ortheapparen tab s u rd i ty
of theN i l eb ei n g on eof theri v ers of P arad i s e .T heG an g es w as c al l ed P ad u s , on eof then am es
of Bu d d ha, an d thes am eas theE ri d an u s of Ital y .W hethertheE u phrates , ortheT i g ri s , orthe
N i l e, w as ev erc al l ed P ad u s Id on otkn ow
; b u tId okn ow , thatBu d d haw as thes u n , an d that
tw oof thos eri v ers , theG an g es an d theN i l e, w erec al l ed ri v ers of thes u n , as Is hal l s hortl y prov e
tohav eb een them ean i n g of E ri d an u s .
Vol n ey , i n treati n g on thef ou rri v ers of P arad i s e, an d thef ac tthatJ os ephu s m akes on e
of them tob etheG an g es , ob s erv es , thattheBu d d hi s ts ' an d Brahm i n s ' s ev en c hai n s of m ou n -
tai n s w i ththei rs ev en s eas w hi c hs u rrou n d M ou n tM eru , orthes ac red m ou n tof theG od s - the
s ev en pl an etary b od i es w i ththei rs ev en ethereal s pac es arou n d them i n w hi c hthey f l oat, are,
w i ththeBu d d hi s ts , c i rc u l ar ; b u t, w i ththeBrahm i n s , el l i pti c al
.F rom thi s hei n f ers thes u peri or
an ti q u i ty of theBu d d hi s ts .T hei n f eren c ei s c u ri ou s an d i n teres ti n g .
3 .M r.W hi s ton , on thepas s ag ew hereJ os ephu s s tates theG an g es tob eon eof theri v ers ,
ob s erv es , thatu pon thef ac eof i tan al l eg ori c al ores oteri c m ean i n g i s i n ten d ed b y hi m - b u tad d s ,
thatw hati ti s hef ears i ti s n ow i m pos s i b l etob ed eterm i n ed
.T herec ord of J os ephu s , thaton e
of theri v ers w as theG an g es , c an s c arc el y b es u ppos ed tohav eb een m ad ew i thou ts om etrad i -
ti on ary ord oc tri n al c on n ex i on w i thIn d i a
.Bu tthepas s ag eof J os ephu s d es erv es m u c hatten ti on ;
i n d eed , m ore, Ib el i ev e, than i thas hi thertorec ei v ed .M r
.W hi s ton ob s erv es , on thew orkof
c reati on , thatM os es s peaks of i t phi l os ophi c al l y , w hi c hm u s tm ean , ac c ord i n g tothew ord s of hi s
pref ac e, aen i g m ati c al l y oral l eg ori c al l y ; I an d thew hol eof thew orkof thi s
an c i en tpri es t s pew s
theab s u rd i ty of them od ern s , i n c on s tru i n g thes eal l eg ori es orparab l es tothel etter .Iti s ev i d en t
thathi s ac c ou n tof theri v ers f l ow i n g f rom P arad i s ehas as ec retm ean i n g .W hi s ton ob s erv es ,
~ ~ M os es s ay s f arther, thatG od pl an ted aparad i s e
IN T H E E AS T , f l ou ri s hi n g , " & c
"
N ow
"
theG ard en w as - w atered b y on eri v erw hi c hran rou n d ab ou tthew hol e earth, an d w as parted
~ ~ i n tof ou rparts
.An d P hi s on , w hi c hd en otes am u l ti tu d e, ru n n i n g i n toIn d i a, m akes i ts ex i t
~ i n tothes ea, an d i s b y theG reeks c al l ed G an g es .E u phrates al s o, as w el l as T i g ri s , g oes d ow n
" i n totheRed S ea
. 2 N ow then am eE u phrates , orP hrath, d en otes ei therad i s pers i on or a
" f l ow er :
b y
T i g ri s orDi g l atb , i s s i g n i f i ed w hat i s s w i f t, w i thn arrow n es s : an d G eon ru n s - throu g h
' Q
E g y pt, an d d en otes w hatari s es f rom theE as t, w hi c htheG reeks c al l N i l e ."
I S eeW hi s ton ' s n oteon Ch .i .Booki .
2 M r.W hi s ton s hew s thatal l theE as tern S eahad thes am en am e, w hi c hw ec al l Red S ea .
3 5 8
J os ephu s
kn ew thattheG an g es w as thes ac red ri v erof theori g i n al AraratorP arad i s e, an d to
ac c ou n tf orthef ac tof i ts b ei n g i n In d i a, i tw as f ei g n ed toru n u n d erg rou n d
; b u tc an an y c i rc u m -
s tan c eten d m oretoc on f i rm m y hy pothes i s thatthem y thos i s of ori en tal b i rth
? If thew hol ehad
n otori g i n al l y s pru n g f rom theG an g es , how c ou l d theG an g es hav eev erb een thou g htof as on eof
theri v ers ?
an d had n otJ os ephu s kn ow n thi s , hew ou l d hav em ad etheG an g es , i f hehad n oti c ed i t
atal l , ru n f rom Arm en i atoIn d i a. If m y read erw i l l tu rn f oram i n u tetothem ap, hem u s tei ther
ad m i tan al l eg ory oras ec retm ean i n g , ortakeJ os ephu s f oran i d i ot
. Bu ti f hew i l l f oram om en t
c on s i d ertheH i n d ooac c ou n ts of theri v er
O c ean u s (then am eof theN i l e)ru n n i n g rou n d theearth,
an d ag ai n of s om eof theri v ers ru n n i n g u n d erg rou n d , hew i l l s eethattheac c ou n ti s i n real i ty
n othi n g b u tac on f u s ed c opy of them y thos of theH i n d oos . Iti s , i n f ac t, an m n i g m ati c al ex pl a-
n ati on of an w n i g m a ;
an d i ti s ev i d en tl y av ers i on of theH i n d oohi s tory , s oc ou c hed as tob en ow
ev i d en ttou s w hohav etheH i n d oom y thos as akey , b u tm u s thav eb een u n i n tel l i g i b l etothe
G reeks orRom an s , w hon ev erheard of , orhad ac c es s to, theb ooks of theBrahm i n s .T hatthey
n ev erheard of thes eb ooks , w i l l s u rpri s en oon ew hopay s thel eas tatten ti on tothev an i ty w hi c h
m ad ethem d es pi s ethel earn i n g of theBarb ari an s , an d tothed i f f i c u l ty w hi c hw e, the
pos s es s ors of
In d i a, hav ehad tog ettheb etterof theex c es s i v erepu g n an c eof theBrahm i n s tol etthem b es een
b y pers on s n otof thei row n c as teorrel i g i on .
4 .G al es ay s , "
15rn
d hl n , i s of ten u s ed i n theChal d eeparaphras es f ortheG en ti l eg od s ; s oE x od .
" x x .23 ; w heref oretheP hoen i c i an s c al l ed Del os
S ri ,
Di l l Deel ; thati s , thei s l an d of theg od
" Apol l o ; ' or, i n thepl u ral ,
15m
d hl n
of theg od s Di an aan d Apol l o, f ortheb i rthof w hom thi s
p

l ac ew as f am ou s . T hen c eIn opu s w as c al l ed b y theP hoen i c i an s

: rm
au b z ' y
oi n
thef ou n tai n of
"
P y thon , b ei n g ari v eri n thes am ei s l an d ,
d eri v ed b y s ec retpas s ag es u n d ertheearthf rom N i l u s ,
" as s u ppos ed , an d Cy n thu s , them ou n tai n of Del os , w hereLaton ab rou g htf orthApol l o, f rom t
i ri
" hn t, tob ri n g f orth ; w hen c etheP hoen i c i an
t ri
hn ta, an d theG reek
Ku v - os ,
to
b ei n g pu tf or M ,

as i n Cad m u s ' s al phab et ." 2

T hec i rc u m s tan c eof theN i l ehav i n g as u b terran eou s pas s ag eto
thi s f am ou s m ou n tai n an d tem pl e, i s ex ac tl y paral l el totheG an g es an d N i l ec om i n g totheArarat
of Arm en i a ;
b u ts ti l l m orec u ri ou s an d s tri ki n g i s then am eof them ou n tai n
Cy n or Cu u thu s ,
b ei n g ex ac tl y thes am eas theH i n d oon am eof theg od d es s of theg en erati v epow er,
Cu n ti , an d the
n am eof them em b ru m f c em i n eu i n i n Bri tai n
.
T hen am eof them em b ru m v i ri l e, g od of g en era-
ti on , i n H eb rew , i s
151n 5rt al tu l d , al tol ad . 3
In then orthof E n g l an d , b y b oy s ats c hool , i ti s
c al l ed s om eti m es T al l y , atotherti m es ' f ol l y
. Is therean y on es ob l i n d as n ottos eeherethe
i d en ti ty of thean c i en tl an g u ag es of In d i a, S y ri a, an d Bri tai n ?
5
.T hef ol l ow i n g d es c ri pti on of thec i ty on M eru i s g i v en b y theau thorof N i m rod , w i thac opy of
hi s pl an
: - - In thes i d es of then orth, " thati s , attheN orthP ol e,
" ac c ord i n g tothef i c ti on s of
"
In d i an m y thol og y , i s thepu rean d hol y l an d of Il av ratta, an d i n thec en treof thatl an d s tan d s
"
Brahm a- pu ri , thec i ty of theg od s , an d i n thec en treof Brahm a- pu ri ri s es M ou n tM eru , thei r

O l y m pu s .
T hVf orm s w hi c hhav eb een thes u b jec tof ou rd i s c u s s i on hav eb een c u ri ou s l y c om -
b i u ed on thi s oc c as i on
.
T hel an d of Il av rattai s aperf ec tc i rc l e, b u tthec i ty Brahm a- pu ri i s a
" perf ec ts q u are ;
an d i n s tead of ri g htc on c en tri c l i n es f en c i n g i n thec en tral s an c tu ary , ei g htc i r-
"
c u l artow ers arepl ac ed rou n d thew al l
." 4
S eem y pl ates , f i g .23 .
T heau thorof N i m rod has s hew n thatBab y l on w as b u i l tw i ththetow eri n them i d d l eof i t,
s q u are,
i n i m i tati on of M eru , ortheIn d i an c i ty orthei rArarat, s u rrou n d ed b y s treets , m aki n g
s ev en c on c en tri c s q u ares of hou s es , an d s ev en s pac es , an d tw en ty - ei g htpri n c i pal s treets , (l i kethe
'
O ri n H eb rew 5n _- , d i - al .
P l an of theM y s ti c Ci ty
4
Boc h .Can .Li b .i .Cap .x x i v .
; G al e, Cou rtG en t ., p .4 3 .
' Dru m m on d G
; d .J u d .285 .

' W i l f ord , As i at
.Res .VIII .285, 3 7 6 , N o.4 , X .128 ; N i m rod , Vol .I .p .257 .
BookVII .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 7

3 59
s ev en l an d s an d s eas of M eru , )an d theei g hth, theou tw ard f os s eorO c ean u s . 1 H ehas s hew n
thatthetow erw as f orm ed u pon s ev en tow ers , on eab ov ean other, ex ac tl y as theIn d i an pri es ts
tau g htori m ag i n ed thatthew orl d w as f orm ed of b el ts of l an d an d s ea, s tepab ov es teptothe
M eru orN orthpol e, i n thec en trean d atthetop .H ereappears tob eac om pl eteju m b l eof
as tron om y an d m y thol og y
.T hes ev en s eas an d m ou n tof theN orth, Is ai ah' s s eatof theg od s ,
w eretheol og i c al , thes ev en pl an ets as trol og i c al , an d c on c eal ed f rom thev u l g ar .
N i m rod has s hew n , Ithi n kpretty c l earl y , thatM eru w as s u rrou n d ed w i thi ts parad i s e .N ow
w ehav es een how c l os el y Bac c hu s w as c on n ec ted w i thM eru , orthi s pl ac eof P arad i s e .Di od oru s
s ay s , thatS em i ram i s m ad eaG ard en or
aIIa~ aas i 6 ov ,
atapl ac ei n them ou n tai n s of M ed i ac al l ed
Bag hi s tan , orthepl ac eof Bag hi s .S i rW
.J on es had n od ou b tthatBag hi s w as Bac c hu s .
E c b atan aorE g b atan a, i n l i kem an n er, w as b u i l ti n s ev en i n c l os u res , on eri s i n g ab ov etheother ;
i tw as i n them ou n tai n s of M ed i a, an d w as thes u m m erres i d en c eof theki n g s of P ers i a, w ho
res i d ed i n thew i n teratS u s a, thec i ty of M E M N O N w how as s u ppos ed tohav eb u i l ti t .S u s a
m ean s Lotu s orLi l y - thec i ty of theLotu s . 2
O n thei s l an d of Bal i , as m al l appen d ag etoJ av a, aretheru i n s of an an c i en ttem pl e, i n w hi c h
them ou n tM eru i s ex ac tl y c opi ed
.Iti s as q u ares ton eb u i l d i n g , c on s i s ti n g of s ev en ran g es of
w al l , eac hran g ed ec reas i n g as y ou as c en d , ti l l theb u i l d i n g term i n ates i n aki n d of d om e .It
oc c u pi es thew hol eof as m al l hi l l w hi c hi s s haped torec ei v ethew al l s an d toac c om m od atei ts el f
tothef i g u reof thew hol es tru c tu re
.Itc on tai n s 3 10i m ag es of Bu d d hay eten ti re .T hi s tem pl e
i s i n thed i s tri c tof Kod u .T hi s Kod u i s ac orru pti on of Iod u orl ou d .O f thi s m orehereaf ter
. 3
T heP ag od aof Vi l n ou rhas s ev en s tori es : i ty au n hu i ti em eetag e, s ay s G en ti l , q u i s ou ti en tl e
f ai ted el apy ram i d e, m ai s 1' es c al i ern em em eq u ' au s epti em es tag e
.
6 .F rom thes u ppos i ti on thatM eru orArarats tood i n them i d d l eof theg ard en of parad i s e,
c am etheattac hm en tof al l rel i g i ou s tog rov es org ard en s
.In i m i tati on of thi s , thehan g i n g g ar-
d en s w ereb u i l tatBab y l on : ri s i n g l i kethes eats of theAm phi theatreatVeron aon eab ov e
an other, b u tob l on g i n i m i tati on of theel l i pti c M eru . 4
T hes erai s ed - u porhan g i n g g ard en s rou n d
thetem pl eof Bel u s , n od ou b tw erei n an al og i c al i m i tati on of thes ev en b el ts of l an d ri s i n g ab ov e
on ean otherarou n d m ou n tM eru , an d of them y s ti c g ard en of P arad i s e
.In i m i tati on al s oof
Bab y l on an d M eru , thec i ty of Ion a, 5
ortheS y ri an An ti oc h, w as b u i l ton s ev en hi l l s , an d w as
l i kew i s es u ppl i ed w i thi ts s ac red g rov es , c al l ed theg ard en s of Daphn e, w hi c hw erev ery f am ou s .
T heg ard en s of Ad on i s , atBy b l os , i n thi s c ou n try , w ereal s ov ery c el eb rated
.Daphn ew as the
n am eof theb ay tree, (s ac red toApol l otheH E LLE N i s ti c d ei ty , )an d of thetreeof kn ow l ed g eof
theS i b y l .
6
In orn earm os tc i ti es w herethead orati on of theM ag n aM aterprev ai l ed , thes eg ar-
d en s aretob ef ou n d
.T hec el eb rated g ard en of d el i g htorP arad i s eof Daphn e, pl an ted b y S el eu c u s
atIon aorAn ti oc h, w as pl ac ed on thes i teof af orm eron e, w hi c hw as s ai d tohav eb een pl an ted
b y H erc u l es .
7 .
If , as Ithi n kc an n otb ed en i ed , Ihav eprov ed ors hal l prov ethaton eu n i v ers al rel i g i on -
thatof Bu d d haorCri s tn a- perv ad ed thew hol eof theol d w orl d , thec on d u c tof S el eu c u s , as I
s hal l pres en tl y s hew , i n theb u i l d i n g of hi s c i ty of An ti oc hon theru i n s of thean c i en tIon a, i n
i m i tati on of Bab y l on , E g b atan a, Ai a- ai a, M ou n tM eru , & c ., & c ., w i l l s u f f i c i en tl y d em on s tratethe
reas on w hy w em eetw i ththes ev eral Bab y l on s , T roy s , S i on s , & c . ; n am el y , thati tproc eed ed
f rom as u pers ti ti ou s i m i tati on of thef i rs ts ac red c i ty
.In theol d G reekau thors ac i ty c al l ed
Ai a- ai ai s of ten n am ed
.T hi s m ean s E arth of E arth, or Lan d of Lan d s . Iti s c el eb rated as the
'
Vol .I .p .27 9 .

2
N i m rod , Vol .1 .pp .24 8, 289 .

3 As i at .Res
.Vol .X III .p .16 1, 4 to
.ed .
4 Vi d eN i m rod , Vol
.I .p.27 9 .

s
Ib i d .Vol .III .p .3 82.

6 Ib i d .Vol .I .pp .24 9 , 287 .

3 6 0
G reekM y thol og i es
res i d en c eof ki n g ~ E etes , of theO rphi c Arg on au ts , an d w as al s othei s l an d of Ci rc ean d Au rora
.
Ithad i ts c en tral tow er, i ts s ev en orei g htprec i n c ts , i ts g ard en or
T AM S
org rov e : b u tIs u p-
pos ei ti s m erel y m y thol og i c al , an d i n real i ty n ev erd i d ex i s t
. Its rem ai n s aren ow heretob e
f ou n d .'
T heb es i n Boeoti aw as c al l ed H eptapy l os , as N i m rod s u ppos es , f rom i ts s ev en g ates i n s u c c es -
s i on , on ew i thi n theother, w hi c hf orm ed i ti n tod i s tri c ts l i keBab y l on
; an d , i n thec en trel i keal l
otherG reekc i ti es , of c ou rs ehad i ts ac ropol i s
.An d thou g hw ehav en oab s ol u teau thori ty f or
s ay i n g s o, i ti s prob ab l ethatT heb es i n E g y pt, thati s thec i ty of T heb a, of theH ei f erorof the
Arg ha, w as thes am e
;
f ortheF ren c hs c av an s c l earl y m ad eou tf i v eof thes ev en c i rc u i ts am on g
theru i n s .
Itw as on eof theol d es tc i ti es of E g y ptor
of
thew orl d . 2
M
.Vol n ey has ob s erv ed that, i n thel an g u ag eof thef i rs tob s erv ers , theg reatc i rc l ew as c al l ed
m u n d u s
an d orb i s , thew orl d
.Con s eq u en tl y , tod es c ri b ethes ol ary ear, they s ai d thatthew orl d
b eg an
;
thatthew orl d w as b orn i n thes i g n of T au ru s orof Ari es
; thatthew orl d en d ed i n s u c h
an others i g n .
If thi s ex pl an ati on b eju s ti f i ed b y theori en tal l an g u ag es , of w hi c hM
.Vol n ey w as ,
Ib el i ev e, av ery c om peten tju d g e, i tw i l l rem ov es ev eral d i f f i c u l ti es
.
O f T roy n otm u c hi s kn ow n , ex c eptthati tw as pl ac ed on s ev en hi l l s
.N eari tw as thef am ou s
M ou n tId aorG arg aru s , w i thi ts Bu d d hi s tG i l g al , ors ton ec i rc l e, or' rq % c Y os of H om er, s een an d
d es c ri b ed b y Dr
.Cl arke, w heretheg od s w ereac c u s tom ed
toas s em b l eon thes i d es of theN ortl r .
In m y E s s ay on the
Cel ti c Dru i d s , (Ch .VI
.S ec t .X X I
., )Ihav eg i v en aq u otati on , w i thatran s l a-
ti on , f rom H om er, w herethec hi ef s arerepres en ted as as s em b l i n g i n c ou n s el , on s eats , eac hathi s
s ton epi l l ar, i n ac i rc l e
.Iti s on l y f ai rtos u ppos ethatthec i rc l eof s ton es f ou n d on G arg aru s , b y
Dr
.Cl arke, w erethev ery s ton es al l u d ed tob y H om er, f orthey ex ac tl y s u i ttothed es c ri pti on
an d , b y thi s f ac t, af f ord arem arkab l epi ec eof c i rc u m s tan ti al ev i d en c e, thatthepoem i s n oten ti rel y
d es ti tu teof f ou n d ati on .
Rom ew as b u i l tu pon s ev en
hi l l s , w i thac api tol orac ropol i s , w hi c hw as s q u are, an d i n other
res pec ts w as an ex ac ti m i tati on of Bab y l on
.Iti s w orthy of ob s erv ati on thatCon s tan ti n opl eal s o
w as b u i l t, b y theChri s ti an Con s tan ti n e, u pon
s ev en hi l l s . T hes ec i rc u m s tan c es ten d tos hew that
on es ec rets y s tem w as attheb ottom of them al l
.T heori en tal tri n i ty i s f ou n d i n eac hof the
c i ti es i n d i f f eren tw ay s
;
b u t, af tertheob s erv ati on s on theu n i v ers al prev al en c eof thetri n i ty w hi c h
theread erhas al read y s een , i ti s u n n ec es s ary toad d m orehere
.T hew ord T roi aorT roy , the
d i s tri c t 3
i n w hi c hthec i ty of Il i on w as pl ac ed , Ihav eb ef oreob s erv ed m ean s i n G reekan d H eb rew
thethreepl ac es
: or, i n E n g l i s h, T ri pol y , of w hi c hn am ew ehav es ev eral tow n s n ow rem ai n i n g
.
8
.W ec an w i thc ertai n ty trac eb ac kthehi s tory of theG reeks ti l l w earel os ti n ab s ol u teb ar-
b ari s m ;
an d i n thats tatew ef i n d them i n pos s es s i on of g od s , of w hos eori g i n they kn ow n othi n g ,
ex c eptthatthepri es ts i n thei rtem pl es tel l them they hav el earn ed f rom thei rpred ec es s ors that
they aref orei g n ers , an d thatthey c am ef rom theE as tortheN orth- eas t- s om es ay b y l an d , others
b y s ea.
In theearl i es tperi od s therew eren oi d ol s attac hed tothes etem pl es , b u ti n l i eu thereof a
pl ai n u pri g htob el i s k' ors ton epi l l ar, w hi c hw as d ai l y an oi n ted w i thoi l
.T heG od orG od s had
then n on am es .By d eg rees they g oti d ol s , an d g av ethem n am es w hi c hareu n i v ers al l y ac kn ow -
l ed g ed tohav ec om ef rom theE as torE g y pt
.W eex am i n ethes etem pl es an d G od s n ow , an d w e
f i n d theearl i es tc erem on i es i n al an g u ag eu n kn ow n totheG reeks - then am es of theG od s u n i n -
tel l i g i b l e, i n f ac t, al s oi n an u n kn ow n ton g u e
.Bu tw ef i n d thes ec erem on i es an d thes en am es i n -
tel l i g i b l ei n theS an s c ri t, an d thes am ec erem on i es an d G od s n ow i n ex i s ten c ei n In d i a, thehi s -
' N i m rod , Vol .I .pp
.3 00, 3 11, 3 22.

3
Vol n ey ,
Res .An c .H i s t .Vol .II .p .4 03 .
3 N i m rod , Vol .I .p .4 3 8 .
BookVII .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 8

3 6 1
tori es of w hi c hal l ag reei n s ay i n g , thatthey w eres en ti n rem oteti m es totheW es t
.W ef i n d as
s oon as theG reeks b ec am ec i v i l i z ed , thatthei rl earn ed m en trav el l ed totheE as tf orkn ow l ed g e,
an d thatthey b rou g htb ac kw i ththem thei d en ti c al phi l os ophi c al d oc tri n es tau g hti n In d i af rom
them os trem otean ti q u i ty :
theM etem ps y c hos i s an d theT ri n i ty f ori n s tan c e .W eare, how ev er,
d es i red tob el i ev e, thatthew hol eorthem os ti m portan tof thes ef ac ts , g od s , an d d oc tri n es , w ere
l earn ed b y thepeopl eof theE as tf rom thos eof theW es t, am on g w hom i ti s as s erted they aros e
hu n d red s of y ears af terw ekn ow thatthey w eretau g htb y thetrav el l i n g phi l os ophers
.S u rel y
pers on s w hotel l u s tob el i ev ethi s , m u s tthi n ku s
v ery c red u l ou s .N i m rod s ay s , " T hew ord

S y ri an i s of ten ti m es c on f ou n d ed b y theG reeks w i thAs s y ri an , b u ti td othn ev erthel es s d en otea

v ery d i f f eren tc ou n try , thatb etw een E u phrates an d theM ed i terran ean , f am ou s ori n f am ou s f or
`~ theIon i an orH el l en i c w ors hi p, f orthel ew d g rov es of Daphn e, them y s teri es of H ertn aphrod i tu s ,
an d theDov etem pl es of H i erapol i s an d As c al on , atw hi c hl as tS em i ram i s w as f ab l ed tohav e
"
b een b orn .T hi s w as m eref ab l e, f ori ton l y m ean s thatthatw as thec ou n try of theDov e
.T he
" S y ri an s atl arg eb oretheappel l ati on of IO N IAN S an d
IoN IT E S ." t
Ag ai n , N i m rod s ay s , 2 "
F rom theS em i ram i s orDov e, thehereti c al peopl eg otthed en om i n a-
ti on of Ion i c , w hi c h, as as ec tari an n am e, m ay appl y tothem al l
: b u t, as aG en ti l en am e, w as
parti c u l arl y af f ec ted b y c ertai n of theP el as g i orG rai c s
.T hen am el on ew as b orn eb y the
" S y ri an c i ty w hi c haf terw ard s tooktheti tl eof An ti oc hi a, an d w hi c h, w i thi ts Daphn e, w as a

g reatty peof Bab y l on : an d al s ob y otherpl ac es

.W hen Al ex an d erof Ab on os T ei c hos s ou g ht

torean i m ateP ag an i s m
RY
AS H AM AVAT ARof AP O LLO P Y T H O N ,
i n thef orm of as erpen tw hi c h

hec al l ed Aw e- S 2v , hereq u es ted of theE m perorthatthetow n m i g htc han g ei ts n am etoIon o-

P ol i s
.T hen am ew as ev i d en tl y appl i c ab l e, an d x aT ' aox - ~ v , toBab y l on , w hi c hc i ty w as the

l on av etu s of P roperti u s . "

Af terthi s , N i m rod en d eav ou rs tos hew thattheIon i an s w ereem i g ran ts f rom Bab y l on ; that
l on i a, i n G reec e, w as f ou n d ed b y on eCau n u s , s on of M i l etu s , s on of thes ec on d M i n os
; thatthe
c api tal of Atti c aw as aty peof Bab y l on , an d thati tad opted , toan u n u s u al ex ten t, thel eg en d s as
w el l of theDi l u v i an as of theT au ri c ag e ;
thattheAc ropol i s , w i thi ts ol i v e, w as theArk- tow er,
w hi c h, hes ay s , i s them ean i n g of Ac ro- pol i s orAc ra
: tow hi c hpu rpos em ay b en oti c ed the
S m y rn ean c oi n i n s c ri b ed Z E v s AKP AIO Z
4 v ~ v ai w v H as ' : w s i os . Al l thi s ev i d en tl y al l u d es to
thec el eb rated Y on i orArg ha .T heAc ropol i s w as thehi g h- pl ac eortheM eru
.Ag ai n
; thatn ot
l es s than s ev en c i ti es had then am eof Athen a, w how as n ootherthan thef em al epri n c i pl ei n her
w arl i kef orm , s pri n g i n g f rom thehead of J u pi terAm m on , an d s u pporti n g herow n party w i th
w i s d om an d pow er ; thaton ec i ty w as theM i n y ei an Arc hom en u s , w hos ec i ti z en s m an n ed the
Arg o ; thattheem i g rati on of thes ec ol on i es w as thec el eb rated 2j Iw v i x , ~
aw rotx i a,
an d theag ei n
w hi c hi thappen ed theX g ov og Iw v s x og - an d thatH om erw as on eof thes ea7 roi x oc , an d then c e
c al l ed an Ion i an : thattherew ereotherc ol on i es b es i d es thel on i an s , on eof w hi c h "
b orethe
" n am eof Ai ol orthew hol eearth ; " (thei E ol i an s ; ) an d others ag ai n thatof D' O re, orD' Aou r
(theDori an s ) ; thattheBac c hi c pom p, 3
i n theE l eu s i n i an m y s teri es ors i n g i n g theIac c hu s , w hi c h
heex pl ai n s as them y s teri es of thes on s hal l c om e, (b u tw hi c hIthi n kw erethem y s teri es of
thes on

S ol , w i g
`H T i og , E l eu s - i n , )w as i n c om m em orati on of thes eem i g rati on s ;
thattheIac c hu s w as
n am ed T P - 014 an d T g i - A 9 - an d that "
n ow w hen thec au s es of thei rc on n ex i on hav eb een
1
T z .E x eg .i n Il i ad , p .13 5 ; N i m rod , p .121, S u p .E d .

4
Vol .I .S u p .E d .p .16 3 .
3 Bry an tex pl ai n s ou rw ord pom p f rom P ' om pha .Ihav eb ef ores ai d thatthes ec on d n am eof N u m a, thatof P om -
pi l i u s c om es f rom thes am es ou rc e .
3
6 2
H om er
"
l on g f org otten , then am eIac c hi s i d en ti f i ed w i thJ ohn orJ ohan , an d i s s ai d tob ead i m i n u ti v e
" thereof , al thou g hex ac tl y of thes am el en g th
." t
Its eem s prob ab l ethatBab y l on w as ag reatem pori u m of l on i s m , as i tad v an c ed totheW es t
.If
theread erc as thi s ey eon them ap, hew i l l s eethati tc ou l d s c arc el y b eotherw i s e
.Itm u s thav e
c om e, Ithi n k, f rom theN orthof In d i a, as P ers i ad oes n ots eem tohav eb een m u c htai n ted w i thi t,
i f atal l , f oran y g reatl en g thof ti m e
.G reec ew as c hi ef l y d i v i d ed b etw een the, E ol i an s , Ai ol i an s
orAi ol - Ion es an d theIon i an s ,
2
an d i n thi s Ithi n km ay b es een an ex am pl eof thes u b d i v i s i on of
therel i g i on :
then am eof Ai ol - i an s , Ib el i ev e, m ean s am i x ed rac eors ec t- perhaps am i x tu reof
them al ean d f em al e, theLi n g aan d l on i i n oppos i ti on totheIon !al on e
.T heem i g rati on s are
c al l ed
a7 roi x oi
or theg oi n g ou t or
l eav i n g thehou s e.
(T hi s i s thev ery ex pres s i on appl i ed to
Ab raham : hei s s ai d tohav el ef thi s f ather' s hou s e
.)T heAi ol i an s w erethel arg ers ec ti n G reec e,
oc c u py i n g Beeoti a, T hes s al y , E u b oea, Loc ri s , & c . 3
9
.T heopi n i on w hi c hIen tertai n , i n c om m on w i ths u c hof thean c i en ts as w erem os tl i kel y to
b ew el l - i n f orm ed , thattheIl i ad i s as ac red m y thos , b y n om ean s c arri es thec on s eq u en c ethat
therew as n ot
s u c hac i ty as Il i on , oraw aran d s i eg eof i t
.Iam s tron g l y i n c l i n ed tob el i ev ethat
i ts n ei g hb ou rhood w as ahol y pl ac e, i n av ery rem oteaera
.T heDru i d i c al c i rc l eorG i l g al , f ou n d
b y Dr
.Cl arkeon thes u m m i tof m ou n tG arg aru s , i n av ery s tri ki n g m an n errem i n d s m eof the
P ros eu c ha, prob ab l y as i m i l arc i rc l e, f ou n d b y E pi phan i u s on G eri z i m
.Is u s pec tO l y m pu s , P ar-
n as s u s , Athos , Id a, G eri z i m , an d M ori ah, w ereeac haM eru orhi g h- pl ac e ; as ac red pl ac eof the
s am eu n i v ers al pri m ary rel i g i on , thatof Bu d d ha, of w hi c hthes am ed i s ti n c ti v em arks i n i ts s ton e
c i rc l es , tu m u l i , earn s , l i n g as , an d Cy c l opean b u i l d i n g s , areev ery w heretob ef ou n d , f rom In d i ato
S ton ehen g ean d Ion a
.Iti s v ery rem arkab l ethaton thes em ou n tai n s , ei thern u m b ers of m on ks
orn u m erou s rem ai n s of them areal w ay s f ou n d
.Arethes erem ai n s of thec ol l eg es of thepro-
phets , n am ed i n theO l d T es tam en t, rem ai n s of Bu d d hi s tm on ks of T hi b et, w i ththetri av otas u b -
s tan ti al i a ?
T hes ethreev ow s c om pl etel y i d en ti f y them w i thChri s ti an M on ks
- Carm el i tes .
Ly c u rg u s i s s ai d tohav ef ou n d thepoem s of H om er, b ei n g , as theRev
.G .T ow n s en d d es c ri b es
them , 4 m erel y ac ol l ec ti on of b al l ad s , w i ththei rappropri ateti tl es
.In the5th, 6 th, an d 7 thv o-
l u m es of theAs i ati c Res earc hes , thes tory of theT rojan w ari s g i v en f rom S an s c ri tau thors
: i ts
epi s od es , l i kethos eof H om er, arepl ac ed i n E g y pt
: an d thetrad i ti on s of Lai u s , Lab d ac u s ,
E d i pu s , an d J as on , areal l f ou n d am on g thes am ean c i en tc om pos i ti on s .W hen , i n ad d i ti on to
al l thi s , thef ac ti s c on s i d ered , thatthew orks of H om erared i s c ov ered toc on tai n m orethan 3 00
S an s c ri tw ord s , thetru ec harac terof theIl i ad w i l l b es een ;
n am el y , thati ti s a s ac red poem ,
m ad e
u pb y P i s i s tratu s , an d af terhi m b y Ari s totl e, ou tof an u m b erof b al l ad s rel ati n g totherel i g i on of
theIn d i an s an d G reeks
.M an y of them hav eb een thou g httohav earef eren c etoev en ts d es c ri b ed
i n H ol y W ri t, an d thi s i s n atu ral en ou g hi f
hol y w ri t i ts el f b ei n d eb ted totheE as tf ori ts ev en ts
an d d oc tri n es .
T heres em b l an c eb etw een theCri s tn aof Val m i c an d theAc hi l l es of H om er, prov es thei d en ti ty
of theori g i n of thetw om y thos es
.E ac hof them , i n m y thol og y , i s s u ppos ed i n v u l n erab l e, .ex c ept
i n theri g ht
heel :
eac hw as ki l l ed b y an arrow pi erc i n g thatpart : eac hw as thes on of them other
of theG od of Lov e :
an d thepres en c eof eac hw as i n d i s pen s ab l ef ortheov erthrow of theen em y . 5
Ic an s c arc el y b el i ev ethatthi s i d en ti ty i s ac c i d en tal
.
Is hou l d s u ppos en om an w as m orel i kel y tou n d ers tan d then atu reof thepoem s of H om erthan
N i m rod , Vol .I .p .17 0, S u p
.E d .

q
S trab o, Li b .x i i i .p .84 1 ; S teph .By z an t .
3
N i m rod , Vol
.I .p .16 7 , S u p .E d .

* Cl as s .J ou rn .N o .X LVII .p .9 .
i Key toChron .Cam b .p .221 .
BookVII .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 9

3 6 3
P l ato, an d theq u es ti on w hetherthey w eretob ec on s tru ed l i teral l y oral l eg ori c al l y , an d heb a-
n i s hed them f rom hi s i m ag i n ary repu b l i c , b ec au s ey ou thw ou l d n otb eab l etod i s ti n g u i s h
w hati s ,
f ron tw hati s n ot, al l eg ori c al
.' An d P orphy ry
.s ay s , w eou g htn ottod ou b tthatBon i erhas
s ec retl y repres en ted thei m ag es of d i v i n ethi n g s u n d erthec on c eal m en ts of f ab l e
. 2 T hev ery
n am eof theIl i ad , v i z .Rhaps od i es , prec l u d es al l reas on ab l eex pec tati on of d i s c ov eri n g them ean i n g
of thew hol eof them i n u teparts of i t, f orthey w erekn ow n ori g i n al l y tohav eb een l oos ed etac hed
s on g s , v ery m u c hi n thes ty l eof w hatO s s i an ' s poem s ares ai d tohav eb een .Bes i d es , i ti s ev i d en t
f rom M r.P ay n eKn i g ht' s ob s erv ati on , thati ti s f u l l of v ery l arg ei n terpol ati on s , as hec al l s them ,
oratl eas tparts i n s erted , perhaps b y d i f f eren tau thors , w hi c hareu n c on n ec ted oraw kw ard l y i n -
terw ov en w i ththepoem , b u tw hi c hares ti l l n ec es s ary tou n i tethes on g s .Bu ti f theread er
c on s i d erthehi s tory of i ts c ol l ec ti on b y P i s i s tratu s , an d i ts rev i s al b y Ari s totl ean d hi s f ri en d s , f or
theu s eof Al ex an d er, hem u s ts eeaton c ethattheex pec tati on of s kew i n g orm aki n g areg u l ar
s y s tem ou tof i ti s hopel es s .Ihav en od ou b tthatpoetry orrhy thm w as ori g i n al l y i n v en ted f or
thepu rpos eof as s i s ti n g them em ory toretai n thes ac red an d s ec retd oc tri n es ; thatw hen u s ed
i n them y s teri es , i tw as s ettom u s i c , an d repeated i n them an n erof c hau n ti n g orrec i tati v e .
Ithi n ki tw i l l n otb ed en i ed , thattheob s erv ati on s of N i m rod res pec ti n g thew arof T roy are
m arked w i thm u c hg ood s en s e ;
b u ty ettherei s ad i f f i c u l ty tob ef ou n d i n G reec ean d m an y
otherc ou n tri es , i n theg i g an ti c Cy c l opean b u i l d i n g s ev ery w heres c attered ab ou tthem .W ho
w erethey thatb u i l tthes ton ec i rc l es , thew al l s of T y ri n s , thec av eatM y c en ae, & c ., & c . ?
G reatan d pow erf u l peopl em u s thav el i v ed w hoex ec u ted thes ew orks , an d thatb ef oreev en the
f ab u l ou s peri od s of G rec i an hi s tory
.W erethey thepeopl ew hof orm ed theT rojan M y thos
Bu ti f they w ere, they m u s thav el i v ed l on g b ef oretheti m eas s i g n ed f orthed ateof theT rojan
w ar
.T hey w eretheCy c l opes , as Is hal l s hew ; b u tthey had n oteac hon l y on e ey e .
T heopi n i on w hi c hIhav eex pres s ed res pec ti n g theW es tern n am es of G od s b ei n g f ou n d i n
In d i ai s s tron g l y c on f i rm ed b y Dr .Vi n c en t .O n In d i an n am es hes ay s , "
M os t, i f n otal l , of the

In d i an n am es w hi c hoc c u ri n c l as s i c al au thors , arec apab l eof b ei n g trac ed ton ati v eappel l ati on s ,
" ex i s ti n g atthi s d ay am on g theH i n d oos , atl eas t, i f n ottheM og u l s ." 3
Col . F ran kl i n 4 has ob s erv ed thec on n ex i on b etw een theM y thos es of theE as tan d W es t
.H e
s ay s , " T heG od s are M eru pa (M eropes of H om er)an d s i g n i f y i n S an s c ri t Lord s of M ou n tM eru ,
" theN orth- pol eof theH i n d oos , w hi c hi s ac i rc u l ars pot, an d thes tron g hol d of theG od s :
i ti s
" c al l ed Il a : or, i n ad eri v ati v ef orm , Il ey am orIl i u m .T herei s aT ri ad (T roi am )of tow ers
" d ed i c ated tothethreeG od s
.T heT rojan s ares ty l ed d i v i n e, an d aO av aT os ,
athan atoi , i m m or-
" tats ;
they areM eropes an d c am ef rom thepl ac ew herethe
s u n s tab l es hi s hors es . T heG od s
" an d g i an ts ateac hren ov ati on of thew orl d f i g htf orthe Am ri t
orb ev erag eof i m m ortal i ty (N ec -
tar), an d al s of ortheb eau ti f u l Laes hm i (orH el en ) : s hei s c al l ed H el en a.In S an s c ri tal l thes e

d eri v ati on s , M eropes , f orM eru pa, Il ey am orIl i u m , T roi am orT roi a(T roja), H el en aor
H el en e, arethes am e, an d poi n ttothes am ethi n g .T hes tory i s tol d w i ths om ev ari ati on s
"
an d theT rojan w arhappen ed s oon af terthef l ood of Deu c al i on , c al l ed i n S an s c ri t Dev aCal a
" Y av an a, b u ttob epron ou n c ed DeoCal y u n
." " Al l theex pres s i on s i n them y s teri es of Bac -

c hu s
c hu s areE rs e, ac c ord i n g toG en eral Val l an c ey : S an s c ri t, ac c ord i n g toCol .W i l f ord i n the5th

v ol u m eof theAs i ati c Res earc hes : an d H eb rew , ac c ord i n g toP arkhu rs ti n hi s Lex i c on : three
"
s i n g u l aropi n i on s , w hi c hon l y pers u ad etheu n preju d i c ed read erof thei ri m m en s ean ti q u i ty an d
"
thei rE as tern ori g i n
." 5 Iti s then n oti c ed thatH om erref ers toal an g u ag ed i f f eren tf rom the
T ay l oron theM y th .of theG reeks , Cl as s .J ou rn .N o .X LV .

s
Ib i d .p .4 1 .
Voy ag eof N earc hu s , 129 .

* Res earc hes i n tothe J ai n s , p .4 3 .

5 Cl as s .J ou rn . Vol .Il l .p .17 9 .

3 6 4

H on i er
G reek, c al l ed
thes peec hof theG od s . M r.Van Ken n ed y ' s 3 00S an s c ri tw ord s , i n H om er, Itake
tob epartof thes peec hof theG od s
.
Di od oru s , i n hi s pref ac etohi s f ou rthb ook, s ay s , thatm an y au thors , f ori n s tan c e, E phoru s ,
Cal l i s then es , an d T heopom pu s , pas s ed ov erthean c i en tm y thol og y on ac c ou n tof i ts d i f f i c u l ty .
T hi s prov es i tu n kn ow n .
Iti s rec ord ed i n ol d trad i ti on s , thatH om er, i n atem pl ei n E g y pt, f ou n d apoem rel ati v etoa
w arag ai n s tac i ty c al l ed T roy , n earM em phi s
.T hetow n , Ib el i ev e, i s ad m i tted tohav eex i s ted .'
T ati an , i n hi s orati on ad G raec os , 2 s ay s , thatM etrod oru s , of Lam ps ac u s , i n hi s treati s eon H om er,
m ad en oton l y theG od s an d G od d es s es , b u ttheheroes , of thepoem , al l eg ori c al pers on s .
Itm ay b eam atterof d ou b t, w hetherthew hol es tory of theIl i ad m ay n otb ef ou n d i n the
hi s tori es of J os ephan d U ri ab , theg al l an try of Dav i d , hi s m arri ag ew i thM i c hal , hi s b an i s h-
m en t, & c . 3
.
M ax i m u s T y ri u s , as Ihav en oti c ed i n af orm erc hapter, ex pres s l y as s erts , thatthes tori es
of theG od s an d G od d es s es i n H om erareorac u l ar, an d hav eam ean i n g d i f f eren tf rom w hati s ap-
paren tatf i rs ts i g ht .
Ithas b een s ai d thatthec el eb rated Dr .Ben tl ey w roteatreati s etoprov ethattheIl i ad an d
O d y s s ey w erew ri tten b y S ol om on , ki n g of Is rael .Bu ttog u ard hi m s el f f rom pers ec u ti on f ors o
s i n g u l aran opi n i on , head d ed , thatthey w erew ri tten af tertheapos tac y of thi s
W IS E M AN .
Lem pri eres ay s , 4
thattheBen tl ey m an u s c ri pt(thetreati s ew as n ev erpu b l i s hed )i s i n theBri ti s h
M u s eu m . Aw ri teri n theT i m es n ew s paperof Apri l 3 0th, 1829 , p .5, s ay s theM S .i s n otthere .
Its c on ten ts w erew i c ked , an d hav eb een prob ab l y d es troy ed b y thepri es ts i n w hos ehan d that
es tab l i s hm en ti s .Bu ti tprov es on ef ac t, - thatBen tl ey thou g hthec ou l d prov etheM y thos of
thetri b eof J u d ahan d of H om erw erethes am e ; an d w ehav ejes tn ow s een , thattherew as an
Il ey am orIl i u m i n In d i a ; that, i n f ac t, M eru w as Il i u m
.Il av ratta, ortheIn d i an Ararat, w as of ten
w ri tten Id av ratta . T hi s i s ev i d en tl y m ou n tId a .
T hes y s tem of ren ew ed i n c arn ati on s i s n ots tron g l y m arked w i ththeG reeks an d Rom an s , b u t
i tm ay oc c as i on al l y b ef ou n d : theprophec y of aren ew ed T rojan w arb y theS i b y l c an n otb e
m i s taken , parti c u l arl y w hen w e
f i n d therew eref orm erl y m an y T roy s an d T rojan w ars , w i ththei r
ten y ears ' s i eg es an d c i ti es taken
.An d thi s l ead s totheq u es ti on , w how as H om er
? H ew as b orn
atori n Cy pru s , E g y pt, Ly d i a, Ital y , Lu c an i a, Rom e, an d T roy
.H i s c ol l eg eorpl ac eof ed u c ati on
w as Chi os , S m y rn aof )E ol i s , Col ophon , Arg os , Athen s , Ithac a, T eos , T en ed os , G ry n i u m , an d Crete
.
T heS i b y l of Bab y l on s ai d hes tol ef rom her
.Lu c i an of S am os atas ay s hew as aBab y l on i an , c al l ed
T i g ran es : 5 an d P roc l u s ,
s
thathew as ac os m opol i te- x a' w h? e7 raT a 7 roX i c av - ri 7 rorev ral T ov av 8g os ,
o8ev etx oz w c x o6 ~ l
.o7 ro% m 7 ? s y ol - o .
T hen am ec on s i s ts of tw os y l l ab l es ,
H om an d er, or eer,
w hi c hw ord , N i m rod s ay s , "
i s i n d i c ati v eof earl y orb eg i n n i n g ti m e, w hetheri tb e
T H E O P E N IN G
' O F A M U N DAN E
CY CLE ,
thes pri n g of ay ear, orthem orn i n g of ad ay
."
7
In on ew ord , Ikn ow
n othi n g ab ou thi m ;
b u ty etIb el i ev eIkn ow as m u c has an y b od y el s e
.
Ib el i ev ew i thBen tl ey
orBarn es , i tm atters n otw hi c h, thattheIl i ad i s as ac red ori en tal m y thos , ac c om m od ated to
G rec i an c i rc u m s tan c es , w ri tten , perhaps , b y aS ol om on , thou g hn ottheS ol om on of J eru s al em ,
an d that H om er or O m - eer
w as aS ol om on - i f theepi thetg i v en tothepoem d on otm ean the
poem s of O m - heri
thes av i ou r O M .
N earAjem ere, i n In d i a, i s apl ac ec al l ed
U m m erg hu r, thati s ,
thew al l ed c i ty of U m m er
or O m er . T he
Ipthi g en i a of H om eri s l i teral l y J eptha' s d au g hter
. 8 It
' Cl as s .J ou rn .
Vol .' V.p .18 .

s
S ec t . 3 7 .

3
S eeP ope' s n oteon the Il i ad , Bk .v i .
4 Cl as s .Di et. Barker' s
E d .

6 Lu c . Ver .
H i s t.Li b .i i .Cap.x x .Vol .IV.p
.27 9 , ap
.
N i m rod , p .54 5 .
6 De G en ereH om eri , E d
.Barn es , ap
.N i m rod , Vol .II
. p.54 1 .

' Ib i d . pp .514 , & c .

8
R.T ay l or, Di eg
. p .21 .
BookVII .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 10

3 6 5
i s i m pos s i b l ef orthi s i d en ti ty of n am e, joi n ed toal m os ti d en ti ty of hi s tory , tob etheef f ec tof ac -
c i d en t .
10.Its eem s d es i rab l etokn ow w hatw as them ean i n g of then am eT roy , an d thel earn ed N i m -
rod ex pl ai n s i tas f ol l ow s : " T r' oi ai s thetri pl eoi a, an d oi am ean s on e or u n i q u e, s othatT r' oi a
" i s threei n on e, thetri pol i tan an d tri u n al ki n g d om
.
O i aw as thec hi ef of aT ri pol i s orof three
" c i ti es , b el on g i n g tog etheri n Li b y a, n earthef erti l eb an ks of theCi n y ps , w hi c hw as reported to
" f l ow f rom the
H i g hpl ac eof thethreeG rac es :
an d thes ai d O i a, hav i n g s u rv i v ed hertw os i s ters ,
" s ti l l keeps tohers el f then am eof T ri pol y .' Bu tT roi aw as thel an d of theu n i v ers al O m phe
or
" of al l the O m phes , ac c ord i n g as y ou w i l l takethew ord P an d i s tri b u ti v el y orc ol l ec ti v el y , f ori n

thatc ou n try f rom i ts f i rs tb eg i n n i n g s

Arapan - om phaeov etu s es ts ac rataT on an ti
.- O v en .

O m phei s aw ord f orv oi c eors peec h, b u t, l i keos s a, i ti s c on f i n ed tos u c has proc eed s f rom a
"
d ei ty , orotherw i s ei n apraetern atu ral w ay .
O tu .(rl O ei a x % ' i aw v
O l - y m p, properl y H ol -
" y m p, i s the u n i v ers al v oi c e,
an d eq u i v al en ttoP an - om phaeu s Iphi s , i n G reek, i s aw om an
" w i thaf am i l i ars pi ri t
. H en c ew eof ten f i n d thew ord Am phi
i n then am eof s ooths ay ers , as
"
Am phi areu s , Am phi l oc hu s , Am phi on ." 2 T roy m ean tthec ou n try of w hi c hIl i u m orH 7 , w v w as
thec api tal .
T herew as aT roy i n E g y ptb u i l tb y S em i ram i s . 3
Ihav es ai d thattherem ay hav eb een an Il i on . N i m rod has ob s erv ed , thati tw ou l d b ec on s i -
d ered b l as phem y tod ou b ti t ; y etw i thhi m Im u s tb eg u i l ty an d d ou b t . T hatthew ars of T roy
rel ated totheP hry g i an T roas i s c ertai n ; b u tthattherem ai n s of thi s c i ty s hou l d b ei n v i s i b l eto
thes c ru ti n y of theol d es tof thos ew hos ou g htf ori ts f ou n d ati on s i s al m os ti n c red i b l e . T heex -
i s ten c eof am i g hty m on arc hy i n G reec e, an d an org an i z ed s y s tem , ag es b ef orethed aw n of
c i v i l i z ati on i n thatc ou n try , hem ai n tai n s , i s u tterl y f ab u l ou s ;
an d thatn om ean s areapparen t
w hi c hc ou l d hav ethrow n b ac ki n tob arb ari s m ac ou n try s of arad v an c ed , as tog i v eb i rthtothe
l eag u eof s om an y n ati on s , toad ec en n i al s i eg eb y m orethan on ehu n d red thou s an d m en , an d
ab ov eal l totheartf u l w ri ti n g s of H om er . Barb arou s , b y thei row n ac c ou n ts , theG reeks w ere
b ef orethi s w ar- b arb arou s f orag es af ter .W hatthen s hal l w em akeof thi s g l eam of g l ory , d i v i d i n g ,
as i tw ere, theu pperf rom thel ow erd arkn es s ? Iti s v ery ex traord i n ary , thatthi s pal try tow n
s hou l d hav ei n teres ted al l m an ki n d . E v ery n ati on d es i red i ttob eb el i ev ed , thatthey c am ef rom
c on q u ered T roy . T herew as aT roy orIl i on i n P hry g i ai n As i aM i n or, on ei n E pi ru s , on ei n
Lati u m , on ei n E g y pt, an d on en earVen i c e .E v ery s tateal m os tw as f ou n d ed b y i ts c on q u ered
an d d i s pers ed ref u g ees
.
T hey aref ou n d i n E pi ru s , T hres poti a, Cy pru s , Crete, Ven i c e, Rom e,
Dau n i a, Cal ab ri a, S i c i l y , Li s b on , As tu ri a, S c otl an d , W al es , Corn w al l , H ol l an d , Au v erg n e, P ari s ,
S ard i n i a, Ci l i c i a, P am phy l i a, Arab i a, M ac ed on i a, an d Li b y a .E v ery peopl ed es c en d ed f rom u n f or-
tu n ateT roy . Itw as am y thos , as ac red hi s tory . Itw as l i kethean c i en thi s tory of al l n ati on s ,
am y thos - ton s of f ab l em i x ed u pw i ths om e g rai n s of tru th .Al l n ati on s w ereal i ke .T herew ere
tw oM ori ahs , tw oS i on s , tw oArarats , an Af ri c an an d an E u ropean T heb es ; an As i ati c an d E g y p-
ti an Bab y l on ; m u l ti tu d es of M em n on i u m s , s ev en c i ti es of Athen a, then am eof theG od d es s , the
M ag n aM ater, thef em al epri n c i pl ei n herw arl i kef orm . T heT i tan s f ou g httheG od s ten y ears
;
theS ab eau s b es i eg ed Bab y l on ten y ears ; Rom eb es i eg ed Vei i , thes i teof w hi c hn ob od y c an f i n d ,
I T herew as aT ri pol y i n Af ri c aan d on ei n W es tern As i a, an d aT ri petti an d T ri c hi n opol y i n In d i a- aT an jorei n
In d i a, an d on ei n Af ri c a
.
I
N i m rod , Vol .II .p .4 4 3 .

3 As i at .Res . Vol , III .p .4 54

.
3 6 6 U l y s s es an d S t .P atri c k
ten y ears ; E i rai n M es s en i a, an d E i ran i n AE ol i ahad ten y ears ' w ars
; an d T heb es w as b es i eg ed
b y theE pi g on s f orten y ears .An d al l thi s , g rav ean d w i s em en c al l hi s tory an d b el i ev ei ttru e .
H ow c an an y on ec on s i d erthes es tri ki n g c i rc u m s tan c es an d n ots eethatal m os tal l an c i en thi s -
tory an d epi c poetry arem y thol og i c al , - thes ec retd oc tri n es of thepri es ts , d i s g u i s ed i n parab l es ,
i n athou s an d f orm s ? M r .F ab er, M r
.Bry an t, an d N i m rod , hav eprov ed thi s pas td ou b t
.W he-
therthey hav ef ou n d thekey totheparab l eorm y thos i s an otherm atter .T hetal en ts an d
l earn i n g of thes eg en tl em en c an n otb ed ou b ted .If they had n otb rou g htm i n d s tothes u b jec t
b ou n d b y apred eterm i n ed d og m a, w hi c hw as tob es u pported , therei s v ery l i ttl ed ou b tb u tthat
they w ou l d hav es ol v ed thew n i g m a .Bu tthey hav ef ai l ed
.W eakan d c red u l ou s as m an has
b een , b ed i d n otm i s takearotten s hi pan d af ew ol d w om en f orhi s G od an d Creator.U n d erthe
g u i s eof thes hi pan d ol d w om en as y s tem i s em b l em ati c al l y d es c ri b ed .O u rpri es ts hav etaken the
em b l em s f orthereal i ty .T hel ow erord ers of ou rpri es ts areas m u c hthed u pes as thei rv otari es .
T hehi g h- pri es ts arew i s er.O u rpri es ts w i l l b ev ery an g ry an d d en y al l thi s .In al l n ati on s , i n
al l ti m es , therehas b een as ec retrel i g i on : i n al l n ati on s an d i n al l ti m es , thef ac thas b een d en i ed .
" T herei s n othi n g n ew u n d erthes u n , " s ai d thew i s eS ol om on , w hon ev eru ttered aw i s er
s peec h ; an d i n i ts u tteran c eprov ed thatheu n d ers tood thed oc tri n es of theetern al ren ew al of
w orl d s ; thatn ew T roy s , n ew Arg on au ts , w ou l d ari s e, as theS i b y l of Vi rg i l s u b s eq u en tl y f oretol d .
11 .In the CE LT ICDRU IDS , Chap .V .S ec t .X LIV
., Ihav es ai d , "
T hu s therei s an en d of S t .
P atri c k ." Is hal l n otrepeatthereas on s w hi c hIhav eg i v en f orthatopi n i on , w hi c hareq u i te
s u f f i c i en tf ori ts ju s ti f i c ati on .Al earn ed an d i n g en i ou s g en tl em an has w ri tten al i f eof S t .P atri c k,
an d N i m rod s ay s , " F i rs tl y , an d m os tob v i ou s l y , theex pres s trad i ti on thatS t .P atri c k' s f os s ean d
" pu rg atory w erethef os s ean d n ec y i a of U l y s s es .O g y g i a(m oreov er)w as thei s l eof Cal y ps o, i n
" w hi c hU l y s s es s ojou rn ed : an d P l u tarc hi n f orm s u s thati tw as s i tu ated f i v ed ay s ' s ai l tothe

W es tof Bri tan n i a, an d thattherew erethreeotheri s l an d s n eari t .F rom theS ou th- eas tof
Bri tai n , w heretheRom an s u s ed tol an d , i tw ou l d hav eb een af i v ed ay s ' jou rn ey toIrel an d f or
" an c i en tn av i g ators .T hef i rs tn am eof U l y s s es , b ef orehec am etob es ty l ed H o- d y s - eu s , w as
" N an u s , an d thef i rs tn am eof S t .P atri c kw as N an n u s . In T em ora, theb ard i c c api tal of Irel an d ,
" N an i tu m u l u m l api s ob teg i t, an d i ti s on eof Irel an d ' s thi rteen m i rab i l i a
.U l y s s es , d u ri n g hi s
d eten ti on i n Ai ai a, w as ki n g of ahos tof S w i n e : an d P atri c k, d u ri n g as i x y ears ' c apti v i ty i n
" thehan d s of Ki n g M i l c hoorM al c ho, w as em pl oy ed tokeeps w i n e .U l y s s es f l ou ri s hed i n Bab el ,
" an d S t.P atri c kw as b orn atN em - T u rri s orthe Cc el es ti al T ow er ; thety peof Bab el i n Iri s h
" m y thol og y i s T ory i s l an d orthei s l eof theT ow er . Attheti m eof i ts ex pu g n ati on S ru em i g rated
" f rom the .E as t
.Reg e T u tan e
g es tu m es tprw l i u m c am pi T u rri s etex pu g n ataes tT rojaT ro-
" jahoru m : b u tT u tan es i s theT eu tam es , Ki n g of As s y ri a, w hos earm i es M em n on c om m an d ed .
" U l y s s es thex % w 4 & x 0i v oo- r/ og w as theKoi ran u s (orki n g )w hom ad ol phi n s av ed , an d w hom
al l theDol phi n s ac c om pan i ed f rom M i l etu s : hi s s on T el em ac hu s , w hom ad ol phi n s av ed , w as
" theb ard Ari on ; b u tAri on w as Ki n g of M i l etu s i n thed ay s of P ri am , Ki n g of T roy : an d as
" M i l etu s w as ac on s i d erab l ehav en of As i aM i n ori n H om er' s ti m e, i ti s them os tprob ab l epl ac e
" of U l y s s es ' s d epartu re
.Bu tag reatc on s en tof trad i ti on b ri n g s thec ol on i s ts of Irel an d f rom

M i l etu s
.M i l etu s , f atherof Ire, c an etoIrel an d i n ob ed i en c etoaprophec y ." ' T heab ov ei s
av ery s m al l partof thes i m i l i tu d es b etw een U l y s s es an d S t .P atri c k ; b u ti ti s en ou g hto
c on f i rm w hatIhav es ai d i n the Cel ti c Dru i d s , an d tob l ow thew hol es tory of thes ai n ti n tothi n
ai r.
Ib el i ev ethatthew hol ei s aRom i s hf ab l e .
I N i m rod ,
VoLII .p .6 3 &
BookVII
.ChapterVII .S ec ti on 1

3 6 7
N i m rod
1
af terw ard g oes on atg reatl en g thtos hew how thes tory of S t .P atri c ki s ac c om -
m od ated tothean c i en tH om eri c M y thos , an d P atri c i u s an d theP ateraetothes ai n t ; an d he
parti c u l arl y n oti c es af am ou s s hi ptem pl e, d es c ri b ed b y G en eral Val l en c ey i n theArc haeol b g i a .
N ow Ithi n ki ti s q u i tei m pos s i b l etod atethi s g reats ton es hi paf tertheri s eof Chri s ti an i ty
.
T hi s aton c erai s es thes tron g es tprob ab i l i ty , i n d eed al m os t
prov es , thatthes tori es of U l y s s es
Ki n g Bru te, & c ., & c
., d etai l ed i n theol d m on ki s hhi s tori an s , aren otthei ri n v en ti on i n thed ark
ag es , as they aren ow c on s i d ered b y al l ou rhi s tori an s , an d as s u c htreated w i thc on tem pt, b u tare
parts of an u n i v ers al l y ex ten d ed M y thos , b rou g httotheBri ti s hi s l es i n m u c hearl i erti m es , an d
as s u c hi n ahi g hd eg reew orthy of c aref u l ex am i n ati on
.T heproof of an y partof thi s M y thos
hav i n g ex i s ted i n Irel an d orBri tai n b ef oretheti m eof Chri s topen s thed oorf orthec on s i d erati on
of al l therem ai n d er, an d i s apoi n tof theg reates ti m portan c e
.
J eof f rey of M on m ou thg i v es an ac c ou n tof Ki n g Bru tu s , g ran d s on of , E n eas , w hohav i n g ki l l ed
hi s f atherS y l v i u s i n Ital y , af term an y ad v en tu res
arri v ed .i n Bri tai n , w hi c hhec on q u ered .H e
had threes on s , LO G RIN ,
tow hom heg av eE n g l an d ; 2
CAM BE R, to' w l l om heg av eW al es , Cam -
b ri a ;
an d ALBAN ACT ,
tow hom heg av eS c otl an d , Al b an i a, orCal l i d on i a- Cal l i d ei - an i a
.
CH AP T E RVII
Cas s an d ra- Bab y l on i an M y thos - Con s tan ti n ean d H el en a
.As trol og y - Bry an t
on E arl y H i s tory - N ati v eCou n try of theO l i v ean d Ararat
.
1 .T herei s ex i s ti n g , i n theG reekl an g u ag e, av ery d arkan d ob s c u repoem c al l ed Cas s an d ra
;
pu rporti n g tob ew ri tten b y apers on n am ed Ly c ophron , i n theti m eof P tol om y P hi l ad el phu s
.
Itpreten d s tob ec hi ef l y poeti c al an d propheti c ef f u s i on s d el i v ered b y Cas s an d ra, d u ri n g the
T rojan w ar .
F ori ts prof ou n d l earn i n g i tw as i n thehi g hes tes ti m ati on w i ththeG reekphi l os o-
phers
.Ithas b een c al l ed 7 o ax orE w ov , 7 roi ~ a, thed arkpoem
.
T hi s m ay ex c u s em y i n ab i l i ty
toex pl ai n i t
.Bu ti f theread erb es ati s f i ed w i thm ethattheIl i ad i s as ac red poem rel ati n g i n
parttotheren ew al of theS ac ru m S aec u l u m , hew i l l prob ab l y thi n k, thatthef ol l ow i n g l i n es
prov ethattheprophec i es of Cas s an d rarel atetothes am es u b jec t .
Bu tw hen athw arttheem pty , v au l ted heav en
S i x T IM E S
of y ears hav erol l ' d , W ars hal l repos e
H i s l an c e, ob ed i en ttom y ki n s m an ' s v oi c e,
W ho, ri c hi n s poi l s of m on arc hs , s hal l retu rn
W i thf ri en d l y l ooks , an d c arol i n g s of l ov e, -
W hi l eP eac es i ts b rood i n g u pon s eas an d l an d .
Its peaks of theH eal i n g orS av i ou rG od
w hothu s ord ai n ed an d pou red thev oi c ed i v i n e(1
.16 07 ) ;
of thei m pi ou s rai l ers
w hotau n ttheG od of l i g ht, s c orn i n g hi s w ord , an d s c of f i n g athi s tru th
.It
c al l s thed i f f eren tag es W oes .
O n eW oei s pas t!an otherw oes u c c eed s
.
T hed i s tri b u ti on of thes ew oes s eem s i m pen etrab l y d ark, b u tthel as t, Ithi n k, c l earl y al l u d es
tothew ars of Al ex an d er
.As theS w c u l u m orN eros w as c on f ou n d ed b y theearl y Chri s ti an s
' Vol .II.p
.6 3 7 .

2
Qu ery , In g l i - ari a? or, An g l i - ari a- O n g l i r- L' O n g i r
3 6 8 Bab y l on i an M y thos - Con s tan ti n ean d H el en a
an d J ew s w i ththes aec u l u m of on ethou s an d , an d w i ththatof s i x thou s an d y ears
; s oIthi n kthe
ag es w erec on f u s ed b y Ly c ophron , w hi c haros eprob ab l y f rom hi s hav i n g on l y an ob s c u rean d
i n d i s ti n c tv i ew of hi s s u b jec t
. Li keal l theotherm y thol og i es an d m y s teri es , they w erei n the
W es t, af tertheti m eof Cam b y s es , on l y partl y u n d ers tood
. T hu s , thou g htheM el l en i u m w as
thees tab l i s hed d oc tri n eof theearl y Chri s ti an s , thed ateof i ts c om m en c em en t, thou g hex pres s l y
f oretol d , w as y etu n kn ow n
. Is hal l s hew , i n thes ec on d partof thi s w ork, w hatw as theopi n i on
of theau thors of theG os pel s an d Can on i c al E pi s tl es
. T heren ew al of theArg on au ti c E x ped i -
ti on i s f oretol d b y Ly c ophron ' s Cas s an d ra, ex ac tl y as i tw as af terw ard s m ad etob ef oretol d i n
Vi rg i l b y hi s S i b y l
.
- Ag ai n ru s hf orththef am i s hed w ol v es , an d s ei z e
T hef atef u l f l eec e, an d c harm thed rag on g u ard
T os l eep ; s ob i d s thes i n g l e- s an d al l ' d ki n g ,
W ho, toLi b y s ti an Col c hi s , w on hi s w ay , & c .
In thec ou rs eof thew orks hes ay s thattheE g y pti an S phy n x w as b l ac k
; an d , w hati s v ery
ex traord i n ary , s hes ay s thes am ethi n g of the
W hi teS ow of
Al b aLon g a, c al l i n g her
KeT ai
J u pi teri s c al l ed E thi opi an orb l ac k
.Ihav en od ou b tthatw hatev erw as m ean tb y theprophec y
of Vi rg i l ' s S i b y l , w as m ean tb y Cas s an d ra
.
N othi n g c an b em ored arkan d m y s ti c al than thi s
poem .
Bu tIthi n ki ts g en eral ten d en c y m ay perhaps b ed i s c ov ered f rom d etac hed pas s ag es l i ke
theab ov e.
Its peaks of aBu d ean Qu een , an d c om pares hertoad ov e
: d rag g ed l i kead ov eu n to
thev u l tu re' s b ed .
T hi s i s an ev i d en tal l u s i on toS em i ram i s , theDov e, an d totheP rom ethean
c av e.
2
.T heau thorof N i m rod has b es tow ed al m os ti n c red i b l el ab ou rtoprov e, thattheM y thos of
theT rojan w ar, theearl y hi s tory of Rom e, & c
., & c .
; i n s hort, al m os tal l an c i en tm y thol og y ,
c am ef rom Bab y l on , an d w erec l os ec opi es of theBab y l on i an hi s tory (s ay , Bab y l on i an
m y thos ) .
T hec l os es i m i l ari ty b etw een theG od s of In d i aan d thos eof G reec e, has b een prov ed ov eran d
ov erb y S i rW i l l i am J on es an d others .
T hen , d i d they c om ed i rec tf rom In d i a? Iti s d i f f i c u l t
toc on c ei v ehow thatc ou l d b eef f ec ted
.
N i m rod has u n ti ed thekn ot : f orCol on el W i l f ord has
s hew n , ' thatal l theBab y l on i an M y thos es c am ef rom In d i a, i ts S em i - ram i s orS am i - Ram a- i s i ,
& c ., & c .
Iti s ev i d en t, theref ore, thatf rom In d i athey c am etoBab y l on orAs s y ri a, then c eto
S y ri aan d S i d on
;
then c eb rou g htb y Cad m u s ortheO ri en tal s toG reec e
: hen c ethed u pl i c ates
an d tri pl i c ates of thec i ti es , theten y ears ' w ars , & c
.
An d thu s atl as ttheg ran d tru thw i l l b e
es tab l i s hed , thatthey areal l m y thos es f rom theE as torN orth- eas tof theIn d u s
.
3 .Ihav es ai d , thatM r
.F ab er, N i m rod , an d N i eb u hr, hav eprov ed thatal l an c i en thi s tory i s
l i ttl eb etterthan f ab l e
. T hi s i s tru e.
Iti s al l m y thol og i c al .
By thi s Id on otm ean tos ay that
therei s n ots om etru thi n i t
; b u tIm ean tos ay , thattherei s s c arc el y on ehi s tory , perhaps n ot
on e, w hi c hd oes n otc on tai n m orerel i g i ou s f ab l ethan tru th
. T hey d on otappeartohav eb een
w ri tten f orthes am epu rpos eas ou rg rav ean d s eri ou s hi s tori es
; orthey w erem y thos es m ad eu p
of ol d trad i ti on s .
T hey s eem tohav eb een as pec i es of rel i g i ou s n ov el s
. E v en s ol ateas Con -
s tan ti n e, N i m rod has poi n ted ou ts om ethi n g v ery s u s pi c i ou s
. H es ay s ,
.1
Iti s tom eam atterof
g
rav es u s pi c i on w hetherthew om an , hi s m other, w as real l y an d b y hertru en am e H el en a ; or
' ~ w hetherhern am ew as n otpu rel y f i c ti ti ou s , as herparen tag ef rom
Coi l or U ran u s , Ki n g of
Bri tan n i a .
In thec hu rc hl eg en d , w hen s hed u g an d f ou n d thetru ec ros s , s heal s of ou n d a
' ~ s tatu eof
Ven u s . Am os ts u s pi c i ou s l eg en d .
Ven u s w as d au g hterof Coi l u s , (how , I n eed n ot
s ay , )an d H el en aw as Ven u s
." 2 T hi s , n od ou b t, i s s u s pi c i ou s en ou g h . Al as !w hati s tob e
' As i at .Res .Vol . 1 V .pp .3 7 8, & c .

I N i m rod , Vol .III .p .150.

BookVII .ChapterVII
.S ec ti on 3

3 6 9
b el i ev ed ? Con c ern i n g thi s Lad y , Ib eg m y read ertoperu s etheei g hthc hapterof U s her' s An ti -
q u i tates , head ed thu s : Depatri aCon s tan ti n i M ag n i , etM atri s eju s
H E LE N
.E , v ari es etd i s c re-
pan tes Au thoru m S en ten ti ae, q u arn al i i Bri tan n i am , al i i G al l i am , al i i Bi thy n i am , N on n u l l i eti am
Dac i am f u i s s ev ol u n t
. S hew as s ai d tohav eprod u c ed Con s tan ti n eatY ork
. I
Iam q u i tec ertai n thatn oon epos s es s i n g thel eas tc an d ou rc an d en y them y s ti c al c harac terof
thes tory of H el en
. T hen , w hatarew etom akeof i t?
Arew etod i s b el i ev ethes tory of the
c hu rc hes b u i l tb y H el en aan d Con s tan ti n e? If w earetothrow thi s ou t, w hatarew etob el i ev e?
W herei s ou ri n c red u l i ty tos top?
Bu tc an theex i s ten c eof thes u s pi c i ou s c i rc u m s tan c eb ed e-
n i ed ?
Its u rel y c an n ot.
T heex pl an ati on of theH el en aprob ab l y i s thi s
:
i tw as d es i red tom akeou tthathers on w as a
ren ew ed ,
i n c arn ati on , an d theref orehean d s head opted thes ac red m y thi c al n am es
.H ew i s hed
tob ethou g ht, an d perhaps thou g hthi m s el f , theP arac l eteprophes i ed of b y J es u s Chri s t
. T hi s
w i l l eas i l y ac c ou n tf orhi s hi thertou n ac c ou n tab l em i x tu reof H eathen i s m an d Chri s ti an i ty
.
S i rW
.Dru m m on d poi n ted ou tthem y thol og i c al c harac terof thehi s tory of J ac ob
. T hi s w as
f i n el y ri d i c u l ed b y ag en tl em an of then am eof `Iow n s en d , w hou n d ertook, b y thes am em ean s , to
prov ethetw el v eCaes ars tob ethetw el v es i g n s of theZ od i ac , an d hi s s u c c es s i s w on d erf u l
; b u t
i tal l rai s es them os tu n pl eas an ts tateof u n c ertai n ty i n m y m i n d , an d m akes m e, af terv ery l on g
c on s i d erati on , al m os ttod ou b tw hetherw ereal l y hav eon ehi s tory u n c on tam i n ated w i thju d i c i al
as trol og y .
Ias k, w hy hav ew etw el v eCaes ars ?
W hy d othel earn ed hi s tori an s l ab ou rtom ake
ou ttw el v e? T w el v eem perors c al l ed af tertheCel ti c G od of w ar, E s ar?
If eel ag reatd i f f i c u l ty , i n d eed Im ay s ay an i m pos s i b i l i ty , tob ri n g m y m i n d tob el i ev e, thatthe
s tory of H el en aan d thetw el v eCaes ars aren ottru ehi s tori es
. Bu tIrec ol l ec t, thaton l y as y es -
terd ay , Is hou l d hav ehad thes am ef eel i n g w i thres pec ttotheearl y hi s tory of Rom e .By d eg rees
Ib eg an tod ou b tof Rem u s , An ti u s , Cam i l l u s , & c
., & c ., an d atl as tM r .N i eb u hrhas d i s s i pated
al l thi s tras h, an d has c on v erted m y d ou b ts i n toc on v i c ti on . T hen am Itod ou b ttheex i s ten c e
of theCaes ars ? T hi s i s i m pos s i b l e
. T hen w hatam Itod o? Iam ob l i g ed tob el i ev e, thatal l
tru ehi s tory has b een d eb as ed an d c orru pted b y ju d i c i al as trol og y an d m y thol og y ; thatal l hi s to-
ri es arel i ketheAc tas i n c eraof theChri s ti an m arty rs , v ery f arf rom s i N CE RE . Ithi n kn oon e
c an d en y , thatthed es i retom akeou tthetw el v eCaes ars tob e tw el v e, an d n ot el ev en or
thi rteen , i s
as trol og i c al , an d Ib el i ev ethatthe' n am es g i v en tothem , oras s u m ed b y them , had as trol og i c al
m ean i n g s
; an d thati ti s f rom thi s c i rc u m s tan c ethatM r
.T ow n s en d has b een en ab l ed tos u pport
hi s i n g en i ou s rai l l ery i n apparen tl y apl au s i b l em an n er
. W i thou ti ts prof es s ors i n ten d i n g tod o
s operhaps , Ib el i ev eju d i c i al as trol og y has c orru pted al m os tev ery an c i en thi s tory w hi c hw e
pos s es s .
Ithas b een ob s erv ed thatCaes arw as an as trol og i c al n am e . Itw as i n f ac ttheCel ti c 1E s ar, or
G od of w ar, taken , as theH i n d oopri n c es takethei rn am es , f rom af av ou ri teG od - theG od of the
c ou n try w hi c hCaes arc on q u ered . G en .Val l an c ey has ob s erv ed , thatCaes ard i d n otg i v ethe
n am etothes ol s ti ti al m on th, b u tthathetookhi s n am ef rom i t . In theol d Iri s h, hal f J u n ean d
hal f J u l y w as c al l ed
M i - J u l : then c eCaes ar' s n am eof J u l i u s .
'
O n thean c i en tRom an road , atthef ord ov ertheri v erW harf , b etw een T ad c as teran d W etherb y , am i l ef rom
T horparc h, i s apl ac ec al l ed S t .H el en ' s F ord , an d n eari tS t .H el en ' s S pri n g , n otf arf rom w hi c h, on am ou n t, f orm erl y
s tood ac u ri ou s s ton ec ros s .Af ew y ears ag othi s c ros s , af ters tan d i n g perhaps 1500y ears , w as c arri ed aw ay , i n m y
Lord E l g i n ' s s ty l e, b y an An ti q u ari an Lad y of then am eof Ri c hard s on , w hotooki ttoherg ard en atG arg rav e
.S hei s
n ow d ead , an d i thas prob ab l y b ec om eu s ef u l tom en d theroad s . T hes pri n g u s ed toperf orm m i rac l es , an d i f w em ay
ju d g ef rom thev oti v erag s w hi c hIhav es een han g i n g on theb u s hes ad joi n i n g , s u s pen d ed b y thepers on s w hohav eex -
peri en c ed theef f i c ac y of i ts w ater, i ts pow ers ti l l c on ti n u es .
3 7 0
Con s tan ti n ean d H el en a
- " Ven eri s q u eab ori g i n eprol es
" J u l i ad es c en d i tc eel o, c c el u m q u erepl ev i t,
" Qu od reg i tAu g u s tu s s oc i opers i g n aT on an te,
"
Cern i ti n c oetu M u m , m ag n u m q u eQu i ri n u m ,
"
Il l eeti am c ael og en i tu s , c c el oq u erec eptu s ."
M AN ILIU S .'
Au g u s tu s w as al s oam y s ti c al n am eg i v en tothei rpri n c es b y theE g y pti an s
. Is u s pec tJ u l i u s
w as Cm s ar' s f am i l y s ac red n am e, w hatw ec al l
Chri s ti an n am e . Caes arw as an am eheas s u m ed
as c on q u erorof G au l , an d Au g u s tu s w as as s u m ed b y hi s s u c c es s oras pri n c eof E g y pt ; b u tw e
s hal l u n d ers tan d thi s b etterhereaf ter
.
S i rW i l l i am Dru m m on d has s hew n , thatthen am es of m os tof thepl ac es i n J os hu aareas trol o-
g i c al ; an d - G en eral Val l an c ey has s hew n , thatJ ac ob ' s prophec y i s as trol og i c al al s o, an d has a
d i rec tref eren c etotheCon s tel l ati on s . T heparti c u l ars m ay b es een i n O u s el ey ' s O ri en t .Col l . 2
T othi s , prob ab l y , J ac ob ref erred w hen heb ad ehi s c hi l d ren read i n theb ookof heav en w hat
m u s tb ethef ateof y ou an d y ou rc hi l d ren
.
3
T hem ean i n g of al l thi s i s ex pl ai n ed b y thepas s ag e
of Vi rg i l , thatn ew w ars of T roy an d n ew Arg on au ts w ou l d ari s e .
Iti s ev i d en tthatw herew em eetw i ths u c hn am es as H el i og ab al u s , c on n ec ted w i ths u c hn u m -
b ers as tw el v e, orw i thothern u m b ers w hi c hw ekn ow areas trol og i c al , w em ay b ec ertai n s om e
s u pers ti ti on , prob ab l y as trol og i c al , i s al l u d ed to ; thu s w em ay b eperf ec tl y as s u red thatb othS i r
W
.Dru m m on d an d M r .T ow n s en d areri g ht, thatthen am es n oti c ed b y thel atter, s u c has Lu c i u s ,
Au g u s tu s , J u l i u s , an d then u m b er12, hav eal l as trol og i c al al l u s i on s . Ib eg M r .T ow n s en d to
rec ol l ec tthattherei s s c arc el y an am ei n v ery an c i en t hi s tory , ei thers ac red orprof an e, w hi c hw as
n otan ad opted ors ec on d n am e, oran am eg i v en w i tharef eren c etothes u ppos ed q u al i ty or
of f i c eof i ts ow n er
. Ib eg hi m tob eg i n w i thAb ram , an d hem ay en d , i f hepl eas e, w i ththe
S av i ou ran d hi s c ou s i n , J ohn
; thel atterf orm ed f rom theori en tal w ord f or d ov e, thehol y m es -
s en g er, an d thef orm erc al l ed J es u s ,
b ec au s ehes hou l d s av ehi s peopl e . M atters s u c has thes ehav e
m ad es om epers on s has ti l y d i s b el i ev e, an d treatw i th' c on tem pt, al l earl y s ac red hi s tory
.Al thou g h
N i eb u hrhas s hew n thatal m os tal l earl y Rom an hi s tory i s f ab l e, thi s d oes n otprov ethatd u ri n g
thethreeorf ou rhu n d red y ears of Rom e' s f ab u l ou s peri od , thattherew as n oRom e, thatthere
w eren oCon s u l s , n oS en ates , orn opeopl e .
Iti s eq u al l y ras htom ai n tai n , thattherew eren o
w ars of J os hu aorJ u d g es , b ec au s ew ef i n d thew al l s of J eri c hof al l i n g tothes ou n d of Ram s '
horn s , orthem y thol og i c al hi s tory of H erc u l es as S am s on , orof Iphi g en i aas J eptha' s d au g hter
.
Atthes am eti m ethatM r
.F ab eran d N i m rod hav eprov ed theearl y J ew i s hhi s tory tob ei n g reat
partthes am eas them y thol og y of then ati on s , they hav es hew n u s , f rom thehi s tory of thi s m y -
thol og y , thati ti s thehei g htof ras hn es s hen c etoc on c l u d ethati ti s ALLF ALS E .
Iti n n ow ay
d i f f ered f rom thehi s tory of othern ati on s
; l i kethem i thad m u c hf ab l e ; l i kethem i thad m u c h
tru th .
T hev ery an c i en t, c u ri ou s , an d i n teres ti n g rec ord s of theIs rael i tes , hav en ev erhad f ai r
pl ay .
O n ec l as s of read ers s w al l ow s ev ery thi n g - theF rog s of E g y pt, theBu l l s of Bas han , the
G i an ts , an d al l
; theothers w i l l s w al l ow n othi n g ;
an d Iam rathers u rpri s ed thatthey ad m i tthe
i n hab i tan ts of Du ke' s P l ac eev ertohav ehad an y f athers .W hy c an n ottheJ ew i s hb ooks b e
ex -
am i n ed l i kethehi s tory of H erod otu s , b y theru l es of c om m on s en s ean d reas on ? Bu tthi s , I
f ear, i s n otl i kel y v ery s oon tohappen
.
T hu c y d i d es , i n theb eg i n n i n g of hi s hi s tory , al l ow s , thatb ef oretheP el opon n es i an w ar,
w hi c hw as w ag ed i n theti m eof Arta- X erx es an d N ehem i ah, hec ou l d f i n d n othi n g i n w hi c hhe
' O u s el ey O ri en t .Col l
.Vol .II.N o .III .p
.221 .

' ' Vol .II .N o .IV .pp

.3 3 6 , & c .

'
Ib i d .p.103 .
BookVII .ChapterVII
.S ec ti on 4

3 7 1
c ou l d
pl ac ean y c on f i d en c e .
T hi s i s c on f i rm ed b y Boc hart, i n thepref ac etohi s P hal eg , an d
al s ob y S ti l l i n g f l eet, i an d ag ai n b y G al e . 2
4
.T hef ol l ow i n g i s thes tateof an c i en thi s tory g i v en b y M r
.Bry an t, an d n othi n g c an b em ore
tru e
: - " Bes i d es , i ti s ev i d en tthatm os tof thed ei f i ed pers on ag es n ev erex i s ted
: b u tw erem ere

ti tl es of theDei ty , theS u n
; as has b een i n ag reatm eas u reprov ed b y M ac rob i u s . N orw as

thereev eran y thi n g s u c hd etri m en ttoan c i en thi s tory , as thes u ppos i n g thatthe
G od s of the

G en ti l ew orl d had b een n ati v es of thec ou n tri es w herethey w erew ors hi ped 4
T hey hav eb een
"
b y thes em ean s ad m i tted i n tothean n al s of ti m es
: an d i thas b een thec hi ef s tu d y of the

l earn ed toreg i s terthel eg en d ary s tori es c on c ern i n g them : toc on c i l i ateab s u rd i ti es , an d to

arran g ethew hol ei n toac hron ol og i c al s eri es - af ru i tl es s l ab ou r,

an d i n ex pl i c ab l e
: f orthere
" arei n thes ef ab l es s u c hi n c on s i s ten c i es an d c on trad i c ti on s as n oart,
n ori n d u s try , c an rem ed y .

T hi s m i s l ed Bi s hopCu m b erl an d , U s her, P ears on , P etav i u s , S c al i g er, w i thn u m b erl es s

otherl earn ed m en , an d am on g thef orem os ttheg reatN ew ton

.T hi s ex traord i n ary g en i u s has
g

reatl y i m pai red theex c el l en ts y s tem u pon w hi c hheproc eed ed , b y ad m i tti n g thes ef an c i ed

b ei n g s i n toc hron ol og y
.W eares oi m b u ed i n ou rc hi l d hood w i thn oti on s of M ars , H erc u l es ,

an d theres tof thec el es ti al ou tl aw s , thatw es c arc eev erc an l ay them as i d e

Itg i v es
on epai n tos eem en of l earn i n g an d pri n c i pl e, d eb ati n g w hi c h w as theJ u pi terw hol ay w i th

S em el e, an d w hetheri tw as thes am ethatou tw i tted Am phi try on

. T hi s i s n ot, s ay s ac ri ti c ,

theH erm es thatc u tof f Arg u s ' s head ; b u ton eof l aterd ate, w hotu rn ed Battu s i n toas ton e .

If an c y , s ay s an other, thatthi s w as d on ew hen Iow as tu rn ed i n toac ow . Iam of opi n i on ,

s ay s Ab b eBan i er, thattherew as n of ou n d ati on f orthef ab l eof J u pi ter' s hav i n g m ad ethen i g ht

on w hi c hhel ay w i thAl c m en a, l on g erthan others : atl eas tthi s ev en tpu tn othi n g i n n atu re

ou tof ord er
; s i n c ethed ay w hi c hf ol l ow ed teas proporti on ab l y s horter, as P l au tu s rem arks .

W erei tn oti n v i d i ou s , Ic ou l d s u b joi n n am es toev ery arti c l ew hi c hIhav eal l eg ed , an d prod u c e

n u m b erl es s i n s tan c es tothes am epu rpos e ." M r.Bry an t, af terthi s , g oes on tos hew thatthe
earl y f athers b el i ev ed thes eG od s tohav eb een m en , an d
then tu rn s then u m erou s G od s i n to
ri d i c u l e ; ob s erv i n g , thataG od w as al w ay s read y
on ev ery oc c as i on - f i v eM erc u ri es , f ou r
Vu l c an s , threeDi an as , f i v eDi on u s u s es , f orty H erc u l es es , an d threehu n d red
J u pi ters . H ethen
as ks w hy S i rIs aac N ew ton , i n hi s c hron ol og i c al 3 i n terpretati on s , c hoos es tob ed eterm i n ed b y
thes tory of J u pi teran d E u ropa, ratherthan b y thatof J u pi teran d Led a . 4 T hu s heg oes on to
s hew thatthew hol e, i f l i teral l y u n d ers tood , w as am as s of f al s i ty an d n on s en s e .
O n theac c ou n tg i v en b y M r
.Bry an tthes eq u es ti on s n atu ral l y ari s e- H as hem en d ed the
m atter?
H as hes ati s f ac tori l y rem ov ed thed i f f i c u l ty ? Ib el i ev en i n e- ten ths of m an ki n d w i l l
s ay N o
; thou g hhehas c ertai n l y g reatm eri ti n c l eari n g thew ay f orothers .
H ew as f ol l ow ed b y
M r
.F ab er, an d heb y N i m rod , w hohav eg i v en as l i ttl es ati s f ac ti on ; an d thereas on i s , b ec au s e
thes eg en tl em en hav eal l s etou tw i thb eg g i n g theq u es ti on u n d erd i s c u s s i on : then m aki n g ev ery
thi n g b en d toi t- b en d toac ertai n d og m a, b ec au s ethey happen tohav e b een b orn i n E n g l an d ,
w herei tw as hel d .
Itm ay b ereas on ab l y as ked of m e, W hatri g hthav ey ou tothi n kthaty ou
w i l l s u c c eed an y b etter? Ian s w er, Ihav en opred eterm i n ed d og m a b u tthec hi ef an d m os t
i m portan tof m y opi n i on s hav eari s en d u ri n g m y ex am i n ati on , an d f rom i t. An d i n ad d i ti on I
hav etheas s i s tan c eof thel earn i n g of M r
.Bry an t, M r.F ab er, N i m rod , an d s ev eral others , w hi c h
g i v es m e, w i thou tan y m eri tof m y ow n , ag reatad v an tag eov erthem . Ihav ethead v an tag eal s o
of thei rerrors as w el l as of thei rl earn i n g
.
'
O ri g
.S ac .Booki .Ch
.i v .

I Cou rt .of G en t .Booki i i .Ch .i i .

3
N ew ton ' s Chron ol og y , p
.151 .

4 Bry an t, An al .Vol .I .p .4 6 0 .
3 7 2

N ati v eCou n try of theO l i v ean d of Ararat

T hei d eaof ared u c ti on of theW es tern n ati on s tothes i tu ati on of T i b et, w i l l b etu rn ed i n to
ri d i c u l eb y thepri es ts , w how ou l d w i s htheres tof m an ki n d tob el i ev ethem tob ethem os t
i n d u s tri ou s an d u s ef u l of b ees , on l y w orki n g an d s tori n g u ptru ths f ortheg ood of m an ki n d
;
b u t
ex peri en c es hew s thatthey c an n ev erb ew atc hed tooc aref u l l y ; an d i f they d on otan ew es tab l i s h
thei rem pi reof theten thc en tu ry , tothepri n ti n g - pres s al on ethei rf ai l u rem u s tb eattri b u ted
.
H ow ev eram i ab l ei n pri v atel i f em an y pri es ts m ay b e, therei s s c arc el y on eof them w hoev er
l os es s i g htof theag g ran d i s em en tof hi s ord er
.Lookatthem i n P ortu g al , S pai n , an d F ran c e ;
l ookatthew i c ked an d u n hal l ow ed ex erti on s of thepri es ts of theP rotes tan ts ec ti n Irel an d to
oppres s thef ol l ow ers of theRom i s hChu rc h, an d tori v etan d c on ti n u ethei row n u s u rped pow er .
An d how ev erw e, the phi l os ou ri s ts , m ay f l atterou rs el v es w i ththeef f ec ts of thepres s , i ti s y et
tob eprov ed thati tc an n otb eren d ered s u b s erv i en ttothed es i g n s of theord er
. T hou g hthe
P rotes tan tan d Rom i s hs ec ts areatpres en ti n oppos i ti on , therei s n od ou b ti n m y m i n d , thati f
g ov ern m en tw eretohol d aju s tan d eq u al han d tob oth, they w ou l d s peed i l y u n i te . T hen i ti s
m u c htob ef eared , thatthel i b erti es of E u ropew ou l d s peed i l y b ed es troy ed .
5 .N od ou b ttheq u es ti on of theori g i n al i ty of thean c i en tm y thos es i s , tothepres en tg en era-
ti on , of theg reates tpos s i b l ei m portan c e ; as i t, i n f ac t, i n v ol v es theex i s ten c eof am os tterri f i c
s y s tem of pri es t- c raf tan d pri es t- ru l e- as y s tem m os td an g erou s tothew el l - b ei n g of al l m an ki n d ,
ex c eptthef av ou red c as te- as y s tem w hi c hc an n ots tan d s ti l l , b u tw hi c hm u s tei thers oon f al l or
g oon i n c reas i n g i n pow erti l l i tred u c etherem ai n d erof thew orl d tothes i tu ati on of i ts paren t
i n T i b et . T ores i s ts u c c es s f u l l y theartf u l s ophi s try of theab l em en am on g thepri es ts i s atas k
of theg reates td i f f i c u l ty
. T heread erm u s thav eob s erv ed thatw ri tten ev i d en c ec an s c arc el y ,
i n an y c as e, b em ad ec on c l u s i v e, b u tf ortu n atel y c i rc u m s tan c es m ay ; an d Ic on s i d erthatof the
ol i v eas an ex am pl eof thes ef ortu n atec i rc u m s tan c es . Itc an n othav eb een f org ed , an d the
rec ou rs ew hi c hthev ery ab l epri es t, orthepri es t- i teN i m rod , i s ob l i g ed tohav e, as w es hal l s ee,
tothes tal epl eaof m i rac l e, s hew s thati ti s c on c l u s i v ean d i n c apab l eof b ei n g ex pl ai n ed aw ay .
T heob s erv ati on of N i m rod i s c on f i rm ed i n arem arkab l em an n erb y Col .W i l f ord , w hen treati n g
of theO ri en tal Ararat, w hi c haton c eprov es w herethe
thi rd b ook
of G en es i s , ortheb ookof the
F l ood , c am ef rom : " T hereg i on ab ou tT u c t- S u l ei m an i s then ati v ec ou n try of theol i v e- tree,

an d Ib el i ev etheon l y on ei n thew orl d . T herearei m m en s ef ores ts of i ton thehi g hg rou n d s ,

f ori td oes n otg row i n pl ai n s . F rom thes apl i n g s , thei n hab i tan ts m akew al ki n g - s ti c ks , an d

i ts w ood i s u s ed f orf u el al l ov erthec ou n try

;
an d as P l i n y ju s tl y ob s erv es , theol i v e- treei n

theW es tern parts of In d i ai s s teri l e, atl eas ti ts f ru i ti s u s el es s , l i kethatof theO l eas ter
.
Ac c ord i n g toT en es tal l a, an an c i en tau thorc i ted b y P l i n y , therew eren ool i v e- trees i n S pai n ,

Ital y , orAf ri c a, i n theti m eof T arq u i n theE l d er . Bef oretheti m eof H es i od , i thad b een

i n trod u c ed i n toG reec e : b u ti ttookal on g ti m eb ef orei tw as rec on c i l ed tothec l i m ate, an d

i ts c u l ti v ati on properl y u n d ers tood : f orH es i od s ay s , that, w hoev erpl an ted , n ev erl i v ed toeat

of i ts f ru i t . T heol i v e- treew as n ev eran ati v eof Arm en i a ; an d thepas s ag eof S trab oc i ted

i n s u pportof thi s opi n i on , i m pl i es on l y thati tw as c u l ti v ated w i ths u c c es s i n thatc ou n try

." i
O f thetw oArarats thi s pretty w el l prov es w hi c hi s theori g i n al , an d w hi c hthec opy .
T hearg u m en td raw n f rom theol i v ei s l i kethatof M r .S eel y ' s res pec ti n g theCob raCapel l an ot
b ei n g f ou n d i n E g y pt, b u tw hi c hw i l l b es oon b rou g htthi ther, i f i ts hou l d b ethou g htd ec i s i v e .
T heM i s s i on ari es w i l l n otb el on g i n b ri n g i n g them ; thi s w i l l b eeas i l y ef f ec ted .
T heau thorof N i m rod i s as u n w i l l i n g aw i tn es s as c an b ei m ag i n ed toan y c i rc u m s tan c ethat
s hal l rem ov eAraratf rom thec ou n try b etw een thetw os eas , an d pl ac ei ttotheE as tof the
I As i at .Res .Vol
.VI.p.525.
BookVII
.ChapterVIII .S ec ti on 1

3 7 3
Cas pi an :
f ori taton c eu ps ets thew hol eof hi s i n g en i ou s s y s tem , an d s c atters thef ru i ts of hi s
i m m en s el ab ou ri n tothi n ai r
.T heob s erv ati on res pec ti n g theol i v ehas n otes c aped hi m .T he
f ol l ow i n g ex trac tw i l l s hew b ow hes u rm ou n ts thed i f f i c u l ty : " T heol i v ei s
N O T an Arm en i an
" tree : n or, i f i thad b een s o, c ou l d i thav eb een T av u O u ? T og (as H om ers u ppos ed )b y an y

n atu ral m ean s .T hetran s ac ti on i s am i rac l e, (thati s , athi n g i n w hi c hthed i v i n epow eri s n ot

on l y ex erc i s ed u n ac c ou n tab l y , as i ti s i n al l thi n g s , b u tc on s pi c u ou s l y , an d f or aparti c u l ar

p

u rpos e, an d thatpu rpos ean apparen t on e, ) t

an d Is u rm i s ethati tm ay hav eb een am i rac l e

of c reati on , prod u c i n g an ew thi n g s u c has therai n b ow w as , 2an d w hi c hhad n otex i s ted

b ef ore .Itw as atreeof peac ean d rec on c i l i ati on , an d apl ed g ethatthetreeof l i f e

.
s hou l d on e

d ay b eres tored
.Itw as prob ab l y rem ov ed toBab el , an d then c epropag ated ov erthew orl d .

W hetherpl an ts s pru n g u p, af terthef l ood , f rom s eed s thatw erepres erv ed i n them u d , orb y

an ori g i n al c reati on , i s u n kn ow n
.T heAm b ros i aof theG od s , orel i x i rof i m m ortal i ty , w as ,

ac c ord i n g toon ean c i en topi n i on , theoi l of ol i v es

.T heti s an oi n ted Ac hi l l es ev ery d ay w i th

Am b ros i a, an d ex pos ed hi s b od y totheac ti on of f i reb y n i g ht, thathem i g htb ec om ei m m ortal

an d ex em ptf rom ol d ag e, w hi c hthes c hol i as tApol l on i u s ex pl ai n s b y thes ew ord s , 9 s i orarp

`~ a? ai w 7 reg tex ete
.If thi s d oes n otm ean theoi l of ol i v es , i tatl eas tal l u d es tothes an c ti ty of
thatoi n tm en t."
3
CH AP T E RVIII
Rom e- Im ag es n otan c i en tl y u s ed .
O ri g i n of then am eRom a- Lab y ri n th- O b -
s erv ati on s on P roperN am es - H eroG od s , ac c ou n ted f or- S el eu c u s N i c ator
An ti c hri s t- G en eral O b s erv ati on s - Y av an as ex pel l ed f rom theT ow n s they
b u i l t .
1 .A G RE AT
n u m b erof c u ri ou s c i rc u m s tan c es arekn ow n res pec ti n g thec i ty of Rom e- the
etern al c i ty ,
w hi c hc on v i n c em ethati tw as apl ac eof v ery g reatc on s eq u en c e, an d c l os el y c on -
n ec ted w i ththeu n i v ers al m y thos w hi c hIam en d eav ou ri n g tod ev el ope, l on g b ef oretheti m e
u s u al l y al l otted toRom u l u s an d thew ol f .T hef ol l ow i n g parti c u l ars ex trac ted f rom thew orkof
N i m rod arev ery s tri ki n g : " Ic an n othel ps u s pec ti n g thatRom aw as , w hen oc c u pi ed b y the

pred ec es s ors of theT u s c i an d theO m b ri , c al l ed Ram a .Rom ehers el f w as s u ppos ed b y m an y

' T hou g h, f orapu rpos e n ot c on n ec ted w i ththeq u es ti on of m i rac l e, an d thatIm ay n otb eac c u s ed of u n f ai rq u o-
tati on , Ii n s ertthi s d ef i n i ti on , Ib y n om ean s ad m i tan y thi n g s ou n phi l os ophi c al an d c on f u s ed .
!
H ereN i m rod s u ppos es , as am atterof c ou rs e, thattherew as n orai n b ow b ef orethef l ood , an d thati tw as theef f ec t
of an i n s tan tm i rac l e
. If therehad b een rai n therem u s thav eb een ab ow . F rom af orm erex pres s i on i ts eem s he
b el i ev es thattheob l i q u i ty of theec l i pti c totheeq u atord i d n otex i s t, b u tthati tw as theef f ec tof m i rac l e, c on trary to
thed oc tri n ethati ti s theef f ec tof theperi od i c al rev ol u ti on of thepol eof theeq u atorrou n d thepol eof theec l i pti c ,
as theH i n d oophi l os ophers hol d
. Bu tev en i f thi s w eres o, i tou g htn ottob es poken of as hes peaks of i t : f ori t i s i n
thatc as ean atu ral ef f ec tari s i n g f rom an atu ral c au s e
. T hem i rac l ew as thed i s tu rb an c eof thed i rec ti on of thepol eof
theearth, n ottheappearan c eof theb ow .
3 N i m rod , Vol .I .p.27 2.
3 7 4
Rom e
" au thors ' tohav eb een ac i ty of theE tru ri an s , d u ri n g theti m ean teri ortoi ts f ou n d ati on i n the

y earB
.C.7 52, an d s u b s eq u en ttoi ts ab an d on m en tb y thean c i en tab ori g i n es : an d thes i teof

Rom ehad b een ex c av ated b y c ertai n s u b terran eou s pas s ag es of ex traord i n ary s i z ean d s ol i d i ty ,

thec l oac ae, orratherc l u ac m m ax i m ae : operu m om n i u m d i c tu m ax i m u m s u f f os i s m on ti b u s

atq u eu rb epen s i l i , 2 s u b terq u en av i g ate . .

T hi s w orki s as c ri b ed b y s om etothei m ag i n ary

ki n g , T arq u i n thean c i en t : b u ts oi n c on s i s ten ti s Rom an m y thol og y , thatw ef i n d them ex i s ti n g

as b u i l d i n g s of i n d ef i n i tean ti q u i ty i n Rom u l u s ' s ti m e, w hen thei m ag eof Ven u s Cl u ac i n a(the

ex pu rg atri x , thew arri ores s , or .thei l l u s tri ou s , f or

thes en s ei s d ou b tf u l )w as d i s c ov ered i n

thes eg l oom y c an al s .
T hey w eren otad apted tothes hape
3 an d g rou n d - pl an of Rom e, b u t

prob ab l y w erec on f orm ab l etothatof s om eol d erc i ty . F ab retti ob s erv es ,

4
thatthereare

s ev eral v ery an c i en tw aterc ou rs es atRom e, en ti rel y s u b terran ean , on eof w hi c hi s s i tu ated

b etw een thec hu rc hof S t

.An as tas i aan d thatof S t
.G eorg e, an d l ead s d i rec tl y i n tothec av ern s

of Cl oac aM ax i m a . T hey w erel arg een ou g hf oraw ag g on l oad ed w i thhay s

topas s , an d

u pon on eoc c as i on , af terthey had b een n eg l ec ted ,

thec l ean s i n g of them w as c on trac ted f orat

3 000tal en ts .
6
Ithas b een ju s tl y an d s ag ac i ou s l y ob s erv ed , b y Dr
.F erg u s on , thatw orks of

c on v en i en c eorc l ean l i n es s w ererarel y u n d ertaken

i n ti m es of rem otean ti q u i ty , an d i f thes e

w erem ad ew i ths u c han i n ten t, they s tan d al on eam on g thos ew on d erf u l m on u m en ts , w hos e

hav i n g ex i s ted i s on l y c red i b l eb ec au s ethey s ti l l ex i s tan d arev i s i b l e, an d w hi c hw ereal l s u b -

s erv i en ttotheu s es of am b i ti on orf an ati c i s m .

An d w em ay i n f eri n am oreparti c u l arm an n er,

thatthew orks i n q u es ti on w ered i rec ted toon eorb othof thes e

ob jec ts f rom theex am pl eof
"
theE g y pti an T heb aH ec atom py l os ,
7
w hi c hw as ex c av ated w i thn av i g ab l ec an al s , throu g h
" w hi c htheki n g s u s ed tol ead f orththei rarm i es , u n d erthec i ty ,
an d u n ob s erv ed b y thei n hab i -

tan ts .
M .Vi ps an i u s Ag ri ppa, s i n l i kem an n erw en ti n tothec l oac aew i thhi s b arg ean d s ai l ed

throu g hthem i n totheT y b u r

." 9
O n thes u b jec tof thes eCl oac i n aeDr .F erg u s on 10 s ay s , "
T hes ew orks w ere, i n them i d s tof

Rom an g reatn es s , an d s ti l l are, rec kon ed am on g thew on d ers of

thew orl d . An d y etthey are

s ai d tohav eb een w orks of theel d erT arq u i n , apri n c ew hos eterri tory d i d
n otex ten d i n an y

d i rec ti on ab ov es i x teen m i l es : an d on thi s s u ppos i ti on they m u s thav eb een m ad etoac c om -

m od ate m od ateac i ty thatw as c al c u l ated c hi ef l y f ortherec epti on of

c attl e, herd s m en , an d b an d i tti .
"
Ru d en ati on s s om eti m es ex ec u tew orks of g reatm ag n i tu d e, as
f ortres s es an d tem pl es , f orthe
pu rpos es of w aran d s u pers ti ti on : b u ts el d om pal ac es :
an d s ti l l m ores el d om w orks of m ere

c on v en i en c eorc l ean l i n es s , i n w hi c hf orthem os tpartthey arel on g d ef ec ti v e

. Iti s n otthere-

f oref oreu n reas on ab l etoq u es ti on theau thori ty of trad i ti on i n res pec ttothi s s i n g u l ar
w orkof an ti -
q

u i ty , q u i ty , w hi c hs og reatl y ex c eed s w hattheb es t- ac c om m od ated c i ty of

E u ropec ou l d u n d ertake

f ori ts ow n c on v en i en c y
.An d as thes ew orks ares ti l l en ti re, an d m ay c on ti n u es of orthou -

s an d s s an d s of y ears , i tm ay b es u s pec ted thatthey w ereev en pri or

tothes ettl em en tof Rom u l u s ,

an d m ay hav eb een therem ai n s of am orean c i en tc i ty , on theru i n s of w hi c hthef ol l ow ers of

"
Rom u l u s s ettl ed , as theArab s n ow hu toren c am pon the
ru i n s of P al m y raorBal b ec .
Li v y

ow n s thatthec om m on s ew ers w eren otac c om m od ated tothe

pl an of Rom eas l ai d ou ti n hi s

ti m e
: they w erec arri ed ac ros s thes treets , an d pas tu n d erb u i l d i n g s of the
g reates tan ti q u i ty
.

T hi s d eran g em en tl i ei m pu tes tothehas ty reb u i l d i n g of thec i ty af teri ts d es tru c ti on b y the

' D i on .H al .Arc h
.Row .I .Cap .x x i x .

s
P l i n .Li b .x x x v i .Cap
.x x i v .S ec t .2, p
.6 9 8, F ran z .
3 Li b .v Cap .Iv .

4
Deaq u i s Rom ae, Di s .III .p
.19 0, Row .16 80 .

5
S trab o, v
.P
.3 3 6 .
6 Di on .H al Li b
.i i i .Cap .l x x x v i i .

7
P l i n .x x x v i
.Cap .x x . (or x i v .)p .6 88, F ran z
.
s
Di on .Cas s i u s , x l i x
.Cap .x l i i i .

9
N i m rod , Vol .I .p .3 21 .
~ H i s t
.Rom .Rep.Vol .I.n ote, p .13 , 4 to . ; Li v .Li b .i .Cap .x x x v i i i .
BookVII .ChapterVIII .S ec ti on 2

3 7 5

G au l s
.Bu thas tei ti s prob ab l ew ou l d hav ed eterm i n ed thepeopl etob u i l d on thei rol d
f ou n -
d ati on s :
oratl eas tn ottoc han g ethem s om u c has toc ros s thed i rec ti on s of f orm er
s treets
."
N i m rod ob s erv es u pon thi s , t" Dr
.F erg u s on has om i tted ton oti c eon erem arkab l epas s ag e
of
"
Lac tan ti u s , w hi c hs hew s thatthes ew ers w erei n ex i s ten c eb ef oretheti m eof Rom u l u s ,
an d an
ob jec tof i g n oran tv en erati on tothatf ou n d eran d hi s c ol l eag u e
. Cl oac i n ees i m u l ac ru m i n c l oac h

m ax i m arepertu m T ati u s 2
c on s ec rav i t, etq u i ac u ju s ef f i g i es es s eti g n orab at, ex l oc oi l l i n om en
i m pos u i t .
Y etw earetob el i ev e, thatthey w erem ad eb y thef ou rthki n g af terRom u l u s
."
Af terthi s N i m n rod g oes on tos hew w hati s ex trem el y prob ab l e,
thatthef i rs tRom a, w hi c h
w ou l d prob ab l y b etheRom aorRam aof theO m b ri , orO s c i , w as d es troy ed b y an atu ral
c on v u l -
s i on , av ol c an o .
Iti s v ery c ertai n theol d trad i ti on s ag reed thatRom ew as
b u i l ton thes i teof af orm erc i ty .
T hec hron i c l eof Cu m a(w hi c hN i eb u hrc al l s m od ern an d w orthl es s ,
b u t, q u ery ? ) s ay s , thatthe
n am eof thef i rs tc i ty w as Val en ti a, an d thatthi s n am ew as s y n on y m ou s w i th
Rom a .N ow , there
w as aVal en ti ai n Ital y , an d on ei n Bri tai n
; therei s on ei n Irel an d , an d on ei n S pai n .
T here
w as al s oaBri g an ti ai n E n g l an d , an d therei s on ey eti n S pai n
. T herew as U m b ri i n E n g l an d ,
(N orth- u m b erl an d an d ri v erU m b er, )an d U m b ri i n Ital y . T heH i n d ooG od s b y thes am en am es
areal l f ou n d i n Irel an d , as w el l as theE tru s c an .
N ow , Ias k, hav ethes es i n g u l arn am es of
peopl ed es c en d ed f rom apeopl ef rom U pperIn d i a, s peaki n g theS an c ri t
l an g u ag eb ef orei tw as
b rou g httoi ts pres en tperf ec ti on ? H ow c an thes i n g u l ari ty b eotherw i s eac c ou n ted f or
? T he
earl y hi s tory of Rom ei s m os tc ertai n l y am y thos , i ts real hi s tory i s
ab s ol u tel y u n kn ow n
. T he
G reeks al s o, n am el y Ly c ophron an d Ari s totl e, s tate, thattherew as ac i ty
i n ol d ti m eb ef orethat
of Rom u l u s , c al l ed Rom aorP u i
/u
.- ~ 3
Is u s pec tw i thN i m rod , thatRam a, s oc om m on b othi n In d i aan d i n S y ri a, w as
thes am eas
Rom a
; thati tw as an ou n ad jec ti v eappel l ati v e, an d m ean t, i n on es en s e,
s tron g . T hu s Bal a-
ram a, the pow erf u l or poten t Bal . H es ay s ,
"
Ib el i ev ethatRom ai s rad i c al l y thes am ew ord as

Ram a, theRom an s b ei n g P el as g i , an d herew ehav ethev ow el E c on c u rren tw i th

Aan d 0, f or

Rem u s i s al w ay s i n G reekP w tu .os , an d then am eRom u l u s , on thec on trary , w as s om eti m es

ex pres s ed Rem u l u s . Li v y g i v es m ef u rtherc on f i rm ati on b y d eri v i n g Ram - n en s es

a Rom u l o ."
N i m rod s ay s , "
F orthef l attererof O c tav i u s , thepreten d ed n ead pri n c e,
f reel y ow n s that

w hen & n eas l an d ed , E v an d ertheArc ad ,

E v an d ru s Rom an c ec on d i torarc i s ,

w as al read y es tab l i s hed atm ou n tP al ati n e : n ay , ev en hed i s pl ay ed to' E n eas theru i n s of y et

an ol d erc i ty . An d An ti oc hu s , an au thori ty f arel d eran d g rav erthan Vi rg i l ,

m akes Rom ean

es tab l i s hed c i ty i n theti m eof M org es ."

N i m rod then c om pares theCl oac eetotheLab y ri n ths
of E g y pt, & c
., an d theCav es of E l l ora, an d ob s erv es ,
thatthes ethi n g s arei n c on c ei v ab l ean d
m arkan as ton i s hi n g s tateof s oc i ety
.
T hi s i s , i n d eed , v ery tru e, an d thehi s tory an d d ateof i t,
i s thatof w hi c hw earei n s earc h
.
2 .In thec ou rs eof thi s w orktheread erm u s thav eob s erv ed , thati thas b een s hew n thatthe
Rom an s , theG reeks , an d theE g y pti an s , had n on eof them ori g i n al l y theu s eof i m ag es . T hi s I
b el i ev ew as w hen theBu d d hi s td oc tri n eprev ai l ed ,
orratherIs hou l d s ay theBu d d hi s tJ ai n es
an d prob ab l y f ors om eti m eal s oaf terthatof Cri s tn ahad s u c c eed ed toi t . Ithi n ktherec an b e
n od ou b tthati m ag es w ereu s ed b y theE tru s c an s .
T hi s s eem s tob ef ai rl y i m pl i ed i n theord er
of N u m a, thati n theRom an s erv i c ethey s hou l d n otb eu s ed ; f or, i f they had n otb een u s ed b y
' Vol .III
.P
.7 6 .

.
Lac tan t .Li b .i .Cap .x x .

3 N i eb u hr' s Rom .H i s t .Vol .I .p.151 .

3 7 6

Im ag es N otAn c i en tl y U s ed - O ri g i n of theN am eRom a

s om epers on s , hew ou l d n ev erhav ethou g htof prohi b i ti n g them . Ihav e
s ai d thatIs u s pec t
N u m aof b ei n g aM en u oraN oah, as i ti s w ri tten i n theH eb rew aN u hhhi t
.
T hetri b eof J u d a
w eres tri c tl y f ol l ow ers of thed oc tri n es of N oah orN u h, an d i n thi s res pec tw erec orrec tl y
f ol l ow ers of thes am ed oc tri n eas N u m a . Itw as f rom thi s c au s ethathi s c i ty w as c al l ed b y the
Brahm i n n am eof Ram aorRom a, orP w i % q , then am eof s ev eral c i ti es i n S y ri aan d
In d i a . T he
w ord s i n In d i a, i n G reec e, an d i n Lati u m , hav i n g thes am em ean i n g , s hew them
tob ethes am e .'
M r
.H ey n ei n hi s w orken ti tl ed Veteri s Ital i x O ri g i n es P opu l i etF ab u l aeac Rel i g i on es , i n the
f ol l ow i n g pas s ag e, has s u g g es ted an otherori g i n f orthen am e
of Rom e .
H es ay s , " Qu i d q u od

s ati s prob ab i l em i hi s i t, ets i al i q u i d prol i q u i d oetex pl oratoi n hi s ,

q u oru m n u l l af i d es hi s tori c a

es t, trad erev el l ei n eptu m s i t, i ps am f ab u l am d eRom u l oetRem oal u pal ac tati s a n

om .i n i s i n ,

terpretati on ees s eprof ec tam

: n am aru m s , s eu ru m i , q u od v etu s m am m an om en es t, Rom re

n om en d ed u x i s s en on n u l l os v i d em u s ;
u tal i os av i rtu teac rob oread G rx c u m v oc em pc w l u rw .
Ig n orati oori g i n i s , aq u an om en u rb i s d u c tu m es s et, hom i n u m an i m os ad c on jec tu ras c on v erti t,
q

u aepos teai n n arrati on es ab i eran t . Qu od s i v eru m es tetex an ti q u i ori b u s s u m ptu m , q u od

S erv i u s ad l i b .8,
g o,
etal i b i hab et, u tT i b eri s pri s c u rn n om en Ru m on f u eri t (n eq u ei l l u d

ad eoab horren s ab an ti q u i s s i m oaq u aru m etom n i u m n om i n eperCel tas etG raec os v u l g ato
:

Rha, Rho, Rhu , Rhi n , Rhi u , Rhei , (p6 w , paog , )

n on i m prob ab i l es i t, u rb i s n om en A
F LU M IN E
es s e DU CT U M , E T
om n i aal i a, q u c en arran tu r, proc om m en tes s eri oru m aetatu m es s ehab en d a
."
O n thi s m y l earn ed f ri en d w hopoi n ted ou ttom ethepas s ag eof H ey n eob s erv es , thattheepi thet
of Rom a or s tren g th g i v en toRom e, m u s thav eb een g i v en af teri tg rew s tron g
.
O f c ou rs ethe
ob s erv ati on f al l s totheg rou n d w hen i ti s kn ow n thati tw as
am y s ti c al n am e,
g i v en f rom an
an c i en tm y thos orc i ty i n theE as t,
an d w as i ts el f b u i l ton thef ou n d ati on of an an c i en tc i ty . T he
f ol l ow i n g as s erti on of Attei u s s ettl es thi s q u es ti on : Attei u s as s eri tRom am an tead v en tu m E v an -
d ri d i u Val en ti am v oc i tatam . 2
Ic an n otan s w erf ortheopi n i on s of others , b u tthef ac t of
thes en am es hav i n g thes am em ean i n g ,
an d then u m erou s otherc i rc u m s tan c es c on n ec ted w i th them , c om pel m etob el i ev ethatthe
N u m aw as aM en u , an d thattheRom an rel i g i on w as f rom In d i a . Bu tw eal l kn ow thati tw as
al s of rom Il i u m orT roy ; thati s , thati tw as c l os el y c on n ec ted w i ththeT rojan m y thos i n s om e
w ay orother . T hi s rai s es as tron g pres u m pti on that thatof T roy m u s thav eb een f rom
theE as t .
E v ery thi n g i n c reas es theprob ab i l i ty thattheH i n d oo
s y s tem on c eu n i v ers al l y pre-
v ai l ed .
Al l thi s ten d s al s otoad d prob ab i l i ty tow hattheread er has s een res pec ti n g ac i ty of
Val en ti ahav i n g f orm erl y oc c u pi ed thes i teof the pres en tRom a. If Iprov ethattheearl y
Rom an hi s tory i s am y thos , Iopen thed oortov ery l ati tu d i n ari an res earc hes tod i s c ov eri ts
ori g i n
. An d f ortheproof thati ti s s o, Iam q u i tes ati s f i ed tod epen d u pon w hatN i eb u hr
has s ai d , s u pported b y then u m erou s f ac ts poi n ted ou tb y N i m rod
. T aki n g Val en ti aan d Rom a
tob ethes am e, w ef i n d them i n E n g l an d , i n Irel an d , i n S pai n , i n Ital y , i n P hry g i a, i n S y ri a, (as
Ram a, )an d i n In d i a .T hen , w hen c an thes es y n on y m ou s c i ti es hav eb een b u i l tb u tw hen or
b ef oretheH i n d ooG od s S am an au t, Bood , O m , E s w ara, & c ., & c ., 3 c am etoIrel an d , an d the
G od J ai n orJ an u s toItal y ?
Ib eg m y read ertorec ol l ec tthathow ev erd i f f eren ttheCri s tn u v i tes
m ay b eatthi s d ay , theJ ai n s an d Bu d d hi s ts are, an d al w ay s w ere, g reatm akers of pros el y tes .
N u m aex pres s l y f orb ad etheRom an s tohav ean y repres en tati on of G od i n thef orm of am an
orb eas t, n orw as therean y s u c hthi n g am on g them f orthef i rs t17 0y ears
. An d P l u tarc had d s
tothi s , thatthey w ereP y thag orean s , an d s hed n ob l ood i n thei rs ac ri f i c es , b u tc on f i n ed them
' H es y c hi u s s ay s , P ay s `O u ~ b es os s os .

2 S erv .i n f E n .1 .27 7 ; N i m rod , Vol .III .p.110 .

3 Cel ti c Dru i d s , Ch .V
.S ec t .X X VI.
BookVII
.ChapterVIII .S ec ti on 3

3 7 7
tof l ou ran d w i n e
. H erei s thes ac ri f i c eof M el c hi z ed ekag ai n ; theBu d d hi s torM i thrai ti c
s ac ri f i c e, w hi c h Ihav e
n od ou b tex ten d ed ov erthew hol ew orl d .' In theri tes of N u m aw e
hav eal s othes ac red f i reof theIri s hS t .Bri d g et, of M os es , of M i thra, an d of In d i a, ac c om pan i ed
w i than es tab l i s hm en tof N u n s orVes tal v i rg i n s . P l u tarc hal s oi n f orm s u s , thatM ay w as c al l ed
f rom them otherof M erc u ry , an d thati n theti m eof N u m athey earc on s i s ted of 3 6 0d ay s . 2

N u m aord ered f i retob ew ors hi ped as thepri n c i pl eof al l thi n g s : f orf i rei s them os tac ti v e

thi n g i n n atu re, an d al l g en erati on i s m oti on , oratl eas tw i thm oti on : al l otherparts of m atter

w i thou tw arm thl i es l u g g i s han d d ead , an d c rav ethei n f l u en c eof heatas thei rl i f e ; an d w hen

thatc om es u pon them they i m m ed i atel y ac q u i res om eac ti v eorpas s i v eq u al i ti es . An d there-

f oreN u m ac on s ec rated f i re, an d kepti tev erb u rn i n g , i n res em b l an c eof thatetern al pow er

w hi c hac tu ates al l thi n g s ." 3 Ag ai n , i n theLi f eof N u m a, hes ay s , " N u m ab u i l tthetem pl e

of Ves ta, w hi c hw as i n ten d ed as arepos i tory of thehol y f i re, i n an orb i c u l arf orm , n otw i tha

d es i g n torepres en tthef i g u reof theearth, as i f thatw ereVes ta, b u tthef ram eof theu n i v ers e,

i n thec en treof w hi c htheP y thag orean s pl ac etheel em en tof f i re, an d g i v ei tthen am eof

Ves taan d U n i ty :
b u tthey d on othol d thattheearthi s i m m ov eab l e, orthati ti s s i tu ated i n

them i d d l eof thew orl d , b u tthati thas ac i rc u l arm oti on ab ou tthec en tral
f i re . N ord othey

ac c ou n ttheeartham on g thec hi ef orpri m ary el em en ts

.
An d thi s they s ay w as theopi n i on

of P l ato, w ho, i n hi s ol d ag e, hel d thattheearthw as pl ac ed atad i s tan c ef rom thec en tre, f or

thatb ei n g thepri n c i pal pl ac ew as res erv ed f ors om em oren ob l ean d ref i n ed b od y ."
T heP hl i as i an s had av ery hol y tem pl ei n w hi c htherew as n oi m ag e,
ei theropen l y tob es een
orkepti n s ec ret
.
4
T heAb b rDu b oi s s tates , thattheH i n d oos i n theearl i es tti m es had n o i m ag es . As w ehav e
f ou n d thatthi s w as thec as ei n m os tothern ati on s i tw as tob eex pec ted thati tw ou l d b ethes am e
i n In d i a .
3
.T hean c i en ts had av ery c u ri ou s ki n d of b u i l d i n g , g en eral l y s u b terran eou s , c al l ed al ab y -
ri n th .
T herem ai n s of thi s aref ou n d i n W al es , w heretheb oy s
y etam u s ethem s el v es w i th
c u tti n g ou t S E VE N
i n c l os u res i n thes w ard , w hi c hthey c al l thec i ty T roy . T herei s ac opy
of i ttaken f rom N i m rod ' s w ork,
5 i n m y pl ates , f i g u re25
. P l i n y n am es
i t, 6
an d hi s d e-
s c ri pti on ag rees w i ththeW el s hpl an
. 7 T hi s , atf i rs ts i g ht, apparen tl y tri f l i n g thi n g , i s of the
v ery f i rs ti m portan c e
; b ec au s ei tprov es thatthetrad i ti on s res pec ti n g T roy , & c ., f ou n d i n the
Bri ti s hi s l es , w eren ottheprod u c eof m on kery i n them i d d l eag es ,
b u tex i s ted i n them l on g
b ef ore .
T heRom an b oy s w ereal s otau g htam az y orc om pl i c ated d an c e, c al l ed b oththeP y rrhi c w ar-
d an c e, an d thed an c eof
thec i ty T roy . P l i n y s ay s thatP ors en n ab u i l tal ab y ri n thu n d erthec i ty
of Cl u s i u m , i n E tru ri a, an d ov eri tam on u m en tof en orm ou s an d i n c red i b l ed i m en s i on s .
$
T he
Cl oac aeM ax i m a, u n d erthec i ty of Rom e, hav eb y s om eb een thou g httob eal ab y ri n th . T hes e
l ab y ri n ths w eres om eti m es s q u arean d s om eti m es
el l i pti c al .
T hes ac red m az y d an c ew as to
i m i tatethec om pl i c ated m oti on s of thepl an ets , - w as i n hon ou rof
theG od s - thati s , of
thed i s -
pos ers : i n s hort, i t had thes am eob jec t
as thel ab y ri n ths .
T heRom an c i rc u s w as an al l eg ory c orres pon d i n g tothel ab y ri n th, as theau thorof N i m rod
s u ppos es .
T hec i rc u i ts w eres ev en , s ai thLau ren ti u s Ly d u s , b ec au s e thepl an ets ares om an y .
In thec en trew as
apy ram i d on w hi c hs tood threeal tars toS atu rn , J ov e, an d M ars , an d b el ow i t
'
Vi d eP l u t .Li f eof N u m a .

2
Ib i d .

3 P l u t .Li f eof Cam i l l u s .

4
Cu m b . O ri g . G en t .p .26 4 .

5
Vol .I .p.24 1 .

6 X X X VI .Cap .x i x .S ec t .i i .
N i m rod , Vol I .p.3 19 .

9 Ib i d . p .3 19 .
3 7 8
Lab y ri n th
threeothers - toVen u s , H erm es , an d Lu n a
. T hec i rc u i ts w erem arked b y pos ts , an d the
c hari oteers thread ed thei rw ay throu g hthem g u i d ed b y theey ean d m em ory
. " T hew aterof
the oc ean ,
c om i n g f rom heav en u pon m ou n tM eru , i s l i keAm ri ta, (am b erorAm b ros i a, )an d
"
f rom i tari s es ari v erw hi c hthrou g hs ev en c han n el s en c i rc l es M eru ." 1 T hec i rc u i ts of the
c i rc u s w erec al l ed E u ri pi
. An E u ri pu s w as an arrow c han n el of w ater
: d u c tu s aq u aru m q u os
i l l i N i l os etE u ri pos v oc an t
. 2 T hethreeG od s , on thepy ram i d , had ref eren c etothethreeG od s
i n thec api tol , c al l ed 2;
u v v atot,
3
or thed w el l ers tog ether, f orthes ethreew eretheDi i M ag n i
S am othrac es - O E ot i m E y aX ot, O E oi 8u v arot, O E O {, X P H Z T O I .
Bu ttheO E o{
X P rl s ol ,
thou g h
threew ereal l on e, an d thaton etheS u n orthehi g herpow erof w hi c htheS u n w as theem b l em
an d T ertu l l i an s ay s , thatthethreeal tars i n thec i rc u s w eres ac red - tri n i s Di i s , m ag n i s , poten -
ti b u s , v al en ti b u s
: eos d em S am othrac as ex i s ti m an t
.
T hec i ty of T roy al s ohad i ts l ab y ri n th . T heP erg am u s , i n w hi c hCas s an d raw as kept, w as
i n thes hapeof apy ram i d , an d had threeal tars - toJ ov e, Apol l o, an d M i n erv a ; b u ttheCapi -
tol i u m of Rom ean d al l hers ac red thi n g s w ereav ow ed l y b u trev i v al s of therel i g i on of T roy .
H erf ou n d erarri v ed i n Lati u m ,
Il i u m i n Ital i am portan s v i c tos q u eP en ates .
T hes ev en trac ts orc han n el s of thes ky , throu g hw hi c hthepl an ets m ov e, arec al l ed i n the
H om eri c G reek
rei pea- -
Apes $ aepjm y rra . . . . g ru pav y ea x v x aorE x s w ov
ai 8epos E T rra7 ropos ; E 1' rE jpE o- w - 4
aw ord w hi c hhas n othi n g tod o, N i m rod s ay s , w i th T E ? as , aporten t, b u ti m pl i es m erel y the
c om m on i d ea
tererei ter,
an d of
T pi (3 og , v i atri ta, or, as theBrahm i n s s ay , thepaths of thepl an ets .
W i ththetei reaag reetheeu ri pi of thec i rc u s , an d thes ev en m ai n s treets w hi c h, taki n g thes q u are
as arou n d , c i rc u i tthes ev en - f ol d c i ty . 5 T hes el atterarec al l ed i ts ay u i aw , an d Apol l oE rg ates ,
thearc hi tec tG od , w hob u i l tthew al l s of T roy , w as theref orec al l ed Ay u i E oc , an d b ec au s ehe
trac ed thew al l s
.of theg reats ev en - s treeted c i ty or ao? i s E u g u ay u i ai n thes hapeof an ex ac t
s q u are, ors u perf i c i es of ac u b e, thei d ol ors c u l ptu red f orm of theG od Ag u i eu s w as ac u b e,
T X 7 ji u , a
T E rQay w v ov .
6
O rpheu s d es c ri b es thec i ty of Ai ai aas c on s i s ti n g of s ev en c i rc l es of w al l s
an d tow ers , on ew i thi n an other
; an d G n os s u s , i n Crete, w as theal l eg ed s i teof theLab y ri n th
of M i n os , of w hi c hAri ad n epos s es s ed thec l u e
. 7
T hec el eb rated f ai rRos am on d had her
u n d erg rou n d l ab y ri n th, n earW ood s toc k, an d herb otherf rom w hi c hthel ab y ri n thd i d ru n .s
In thei s l eof Lem n os therew as al ab y ri n thof w hi c hs om erem ai n s ex i s ted i n theti m eof
P l i n y .
Iti s v ery rem arkab l ef orhav i n g b een s u rrou n d ed w i th150c ol u m n s , w hi c hw ererev ol v i n g
c y l i n d ers , s om ov ab l ethatac hi l d c ou l d s pi n them rou n d
.
T hes eareev i d en tl y w hatw ec al l
roc ki n g s ton es
. 9
T hem az eof c om pl i c ated c i rc l es n earBotal l ek, i n Corn w al l , d es c ri b ed i n pl ate
'
As i at .Res .VIII .pp
.3 22, 3 23 , 3 57 .

2 Ci c erod eLeg i b u s , Li b .i i .Cap . i .

3
S erv
.i n n .Li b .i i .v er .225.

4 H om .H y m .M art .v er .6 , 7
.
5
T heO l y m pi an c ou rs eof J u pi ter, atP i s a, w as 6 00f eetl on g , as w ereal l theru n n i n g c ou rs es of G reec e : thi s w as
i n s ti tu ted b y H erc u l es
. S tan l ey ' s H i s t .P hi l .P arti x .Ch .i i i .
6
P au s an .Li b
.v i i i .Cap .x x x i i .S ec t . 3 .

7
N i m rod , Vol .I .pp .24 7 , 3 15 .
8 Dray ton , n oteA, on E p .of Ros
.p .81, E d .Lon d on , 17 4 8 ; P erc y ' s Rel i c s , Vol .III .p.14 6 .
s T heAs phod el w as c al l ed b y T heophras tu s theE pi m en i d i an pl an t . T hen am eAs - phod - el i s theAs i an G od P hod
orBu d d ha, w hos en am eri n g s ev ery c han g eu pon thev ow el s , an d u pon thetw ov ari ab l ec on s on an ts B .F .P .V
.an d
D .T .T h. N i m rod , s u p .E d .p
.18 . T hi s w as thepl an tu s ed tom ov ethec el eb rated G i g on i an roc ki n g - s ton e, (w hi c h
Ihav en oti c ed i n m y Cel ti c Dru i d s , )w hi c hs tood n eartheP i l l ars of H erc u l es , n otf arf rom theS trai ts of G i b ral tar .
BookVII .ChapterVIII .S ec ti on 4

3 7 9
N o
.29 , of m y Cel ti c Dru i d s , w as al s o, i n s om ew ay , al l u s i v etothepl an etary m oti on s .
T he
l ab y ri n thof theF ai rRos am on d c ou l d b en othi n g b u tan as trol og i c al em b l em , al l u s i v etothe
pl an ets .
T hereareal s ohi s tori es of l ab y ri n ths i n E g y pt, s een b y H erod otu s ; i n An d ei ra ; attheLake
of Van ; P ren es te, & c
.
T heety m ol og y of thew ord l ab y ri n thi s u n kn ow n , theref oreprob ab l y
H i n d ooorO ri en tal ; b u tN i m rod has s om ei n teres ti n g s pec u l ati on s c on c ern i n g i t
.F rom i ts
f orm ex ac tl y c orres pon d i n g tothes ac red m ou n t, & c
., of In d i a, an d of thec i ti es f orm ed af teri ts
pattern , they prob ab l y w erem ean ttob ei n on es en s erepres en tati on s of the- parad i s e, & c
., i n
i n f eri s , as w ekn ow thes es ac red m atters on earthw eres u ppos ed tob eex ac tl y i m i tated i n the
E l y s i an reg i on s .
Ihav eb ef oreob s erv ed , thateac hc i ty had i ts ten y ears ' w ar, i ts c on q u es tan d d i s pers i on , I
theref oren eed n othererepeatthem .
4 .N oon ew hohas ref l ec ted m u c hon then am es of G rec i an G od s an d M y thos es , c an d en y ,
thatthei rety m ol og i es arei n g en eral m os tu n s ati s f ac tory .
T hi s i s c au s ed b y s earc hi n g f orthem
n ow hereb u ti n theG reekl an g u ag e . T hes poken l an g u ag eof G reec ew as , l i kethatof al l other
n ati on s , thec hi l d of c i rc u m s tan c e . Itw as c om pos ed ou tof am i x tu reb rou g htb y Cel tae, b y
Ion i an s , i f they w eren otthes am e, - b y P el as g i f rom P hoen i c i a, - f rom thes ec on d rac eof Cel tw ,
c al l ed S c y thi an s , - an d perhaps b y others ; s othati ti s ev i d en t, f rom then atu reof thec as e,
as P l atotru l y s ai d , rec ou rs eou g httob ehad f or, prob ab l y , al l theol d n am es , totheBarb ari
.
T hes tateof thec as e, as Ihav eal read y i n ti m ated , i s thes am ew i thres pec ttoal l an c i en tn ati on s
.
T hei rs poken l an g u ag ew as ag en eral m i x tu re, an d thes i x teen l etters w erec om m on toal l ,
an d w ereu s ed torec ord thi s m i x tu re, orheterog en eou s c om pou n d . T hi s ad m i tted , w es eethe
reas on w hy i n ety m ol og y w eou g htn ottob eb ou n d toan y on en ati on f ortheori g i n of w ord s ,
b u tw hy w eou g httos eekthem w herev erw ec an f i n d them . T hey areex ac tl y l i kethepres en t
E n g l i s h ; b u tw how ou l d thi n kof s eeki n g them ean i n g of al l E n g l i s hw ord s i n on el an g u ag e?
Itad d i ti on tothes ereas on s i tm u s tn otb ef org otten , thatal l thean c i en tn am es of tow n s an d
pers on s had am ean i n g , an d , as thei rearl y hi s tori es w ereal l m y thol og i c al , thi s m ean i n g w as
as trol og i c al .
E g y ptw as d i v i d ed , as ev ery on ekn ow s , i n i ts n am es , w i tharef eren c etothe
heav en l y b od i es
: an d ., as Ihav eju s tob s erv ed , S i rW i l l i am Dru m m on d has s hew n , thatm os tof
then am es of thetow n s an d pers on s rec ord ed i n J os hu ahad an as trol og i c al m ean i n g
.Iti s ,
theref ore, reas on ab l etob el i ev ethatthos ew hi c hw ec an n otex pl ai n w ou l d b es hew n tob ethe
s am e, i f ou ri g n oran c eof thei rm ean i n g c ou l d b erem ov ed .
T hehi s tory of ev ery an c i en ts tate
w as am y thos : w i ths u c htri f l i n g v ari ati on as c han g eof pl ac ean d c han g eof ti m eprod u c ed ,
they w ereal l thes am e . S u c htow n s as w ereerec ted d en ov o
w ereb u i l tas trol og i c al l y , orw i tha
ref eren c etotheprev ai l i n g m y thos : s u c has aros eb y d eg rees w ere, w hen thei ri n hab i tan ts
b ec am eri c h, as s i m i l ated as f aras pos s i b l etotheprev ai l i n g an d u n i v ers al s u pers ti ti on
. T hi s ,
Ithi n k, s ati s f ac tori l y ac c ou n ts f orthem i x tu reof m y thol og y an d tru ehi s tory , an d i ti s on l y b y
ac aref u l atten ti on tos eparatethetw o- an atten ti on w hi c hhas n ev ery etb een properl y pai d , -
thatan y thi n g l i kearati on al hi s tory c an b ef orm ed .
T hel earn ed au thorof N i m rod c ou l d n ot
av oi d s eei n g theu n i v ers al c harac terof them y thos
; b u t, b ou n d b y rel i g i ou s preju d i c e, b ehas
m os tab s u rd l y ex erted hi s g reatl earn i n g an d tal en taf tertheex am pl e, an d i n ai d , of M r
.
F ab er, tom akei tf i ttohi s ow n s u pers ti ti on
.
H eas s u m es thathi s ow n m y thos i s tru el i teral l y ,
an d as them y thos es areal l f u n d am en tal l y thes am e,
as ag en eral , g en eri c , orf am i l y c harac ter
ru n s throu g hthew hol e, - i ti s n od i f f i c u l tm attertog i v eac ertai n d eg reeof pl au s i b i l i ty tohi s
s c hem e .
Bu tthes eg en tl em en n ev erperc ei v ethatthei rl i teral s y s tem s i n v ol v ec on s eq u en c es
u tterl y ab s u rd , an d c on trary tothem oral attri b u tes of G od
.
T hed i s tri c ts of Can aan appeartohav eb een al l otted ord i v i d ed ac c ord i n g toas tron om i c al
3 8
0 H ero G od s Ac c ou n ted F or
oras trol og i c al ru l es , i n thes am em an n eras w as prac ti s ed w i ththe n om es of E g y pt .
T heten th
c hapterof G en es i s i s an ex am pl eof thes am eki n d - ad i v i s i on of thew orl d i n to s ev en ty - tw o
c ou n tri es orn ati on s , u n d erthem as kof ag en eal og y . E v ery c hapterof G en es i s ex hi b i ts an
es oteri c an d an ex oteri c rel i g i on
. T hes am epers on s n am ed i n theten thc hapterof G en es i s
aref ou n d i n E z eki el , an d al s oi n J ob - as ac red b ookof theJ ew s , i n w hi c hthed es troy er
m akes ag reatf i g u re .
T hef ol l ow i n g pas s ag eex hi b i ts apretty f ai rex am pl eof them i s tw hi c hs u pers ti ti on s om eti m es
rai s es b ef oretheey es of m en of l earn i n g an d tal en t, an d al s o, i n n os m al l d eg ree, ten d s to
c on f i rm w hatS i rW
.Dru m m on d s ay s i n hi s (E d i pu s J u d ai c u s , v i z
.thattheas tron om i c al
m ean i n g , w hi c hal m os tal l theearl y n am es i n theb ookof J os hu ac on tai n , prov ei ttohav ean
al l eg ori c al m ean i n g : " T hen am es of theP atri arc hs of thel i n eof S hem had as i g n i f i c an c y
p

ropheti c of ev en ts w hi c hs hou l d oc c u ri n thei rl i v es

.
Ic on c ei v ethatS al ahf l ou ri s hi n g , the

peopl ew eres en tf orth :

H eb erf l ou ri s hi n g , they c ros s ed ortran s g res s ed them i g hty ri v er

E u phrates orT i g ri s
: P el eg f l ou ri s hi n g , m an ki n d w eres pl i tb y theg reats c hi s m
: Rehu

f l ou ri s hi n g , theP atri arc hal U n i ty w as b roken , an d theki n g d om of Lon e, orBab el , erec ted i n
" oppos i ti on tothatof N i n u s : an d , l as tl y , S eru g f l ou ri s hi n g , thec on f u s i on of ton g u es took
pl ac e ." 1 W hen Ic on s i d erthef ac t, thatthen am es of thetow n s an d pl ac es d es c ri b ed i n the
J ew i s hb ooks , as w el l as then am es of thepers on s , hav eal l m ean i n g s l i kethos eab ov e, Iam
s u rpri s ed thatan y on ew hokn ow s i ts hou l d hes i tateam om en ttoad m i tthatan al l eg ory i s u s ed
- i n f ac t, am y thos d es c ri b ed .
N i m rod takes Bab y l on f orhi s s tan d ard , as Ihav eb ef ores ai d , n otb ec au s ei ti s m orec on v en i en t
orb ec au s ei tw as theori g i n al , b u tb ec au s ehethi n ks i ti s n ec es s ary totherel i g i on i n theb el i ef
of w hi c hhehappen s tohav eb een ed u c ated ; an d hei s prob ab l y u n c on s c i ou s of thef ac t, an d w i l l
s tren u ou s l y d en y i t, an d b ev ery an g ry w i thm ef ors tati n g i t . Bu tn ophi l os opheroru n pre-
ju d i c ed pers on , read i n g hi s b ook, w i l l ev errai s ean y q u es ti on ab ou ti t . In ou ren d eav ou rs to
ex pl ai n thean c i en tm y thos es , g reatc areou g httob etaken n ottoc on f ou n d tw oc as es w hi c hm u s t
b e, i n thei rn atu re, ex trem el y d i f f i c u l ttos eparate, - thean c i en tm y thol og i c al oral l eg ori c al hi s to-
ri es , an d thei d l es tori es i n v en ted b y theG reekorRom an pri es ts of c om parati v el y m od ern ti m es ,
toc on c eal thei ri g n oran c e, - an d thi s i s s ov ery d i f f i c u l tam atter, thatou rs u c c es s , ex ertw hat-
ev erc arew em ay , m u s tal w ay s b eatten d ed w i thc on s i d erab l ed ou b t
.
5.T heac c ou n tw hi c hi s c on s tan tl y g i v en of theattem ptof Al ex an d eran d others tod ec l are
them s el v es G od s , has n ev erb een s ati s f ac tory tom e
. W i thChri s ti an pri es ts i thas al w ay s b een
af av ou ri tethem e, an d i f they hav en ots tri v en tod i s g u i s ethetru th, w em ay s af el y s ay they hav e
n ottaken m u c hpai n s tod i s c ov erorex pl ai n i t . Ihav es hew n , thati n thel atterti m es of the
Rom an repu b l i c an em i n en tpers on tob eag en eral b en ef ac torof m an ki n d w as ex pec ted toarri v e
al on g w i than ew an d m orehappy s m c u l u m . 2 T hi s w as theren ew al ei therof theN eros orof the
c y c l eof 6 08- T H E
. O n theb eg i n n i n g of ev ery on eof thes en ew ag es apers on of g reatm eri t
w as s u ppos ed toc om e, en d ow ed w i thaporti on of theDi v i n eS pi ri t, of the ai y c ov av eu ju , a
orthe
E pw c , w hi c hw as theprotog en os orf i rs t- b eg otten of theS u prem eBei n g . Itw as c orrec tl y the
n ew i n c arn ati on of them y thol og i s ts of In d i a . Itw as c orrec tl y theChri s ti an i n s pi rati on . T he
S u prem eF i rs tCau s ew as g en eral l y b el i ev ed toov ers had ow , or, i n s om eotherm y s teri ou s m an n er,
toi m preg n atethem otherof thef av ou red pers on , b y w hi c hs heb ec am epreg n an t
.T hi s w as d on e
I N i m rod , Vol I .p .16 , S u p .E d
.
T hi s c y c l ew as w hattheRom an s c al l ed
s eec u l u w n , attheen d
of w hi c htheLu d i S aec u l ares w erec el eb rated - w hen
b l ac kv i c ti m s w eres ac ri f i c ed .T hes es ac red an d u n as c ertai n ed peri od s w ereprof es s ed tob ekn ow n on l y tothekeepers
of theS i b y l l i n eb ooks , f rom w hi c hthey w erel earn t .N i m rod , Vol .III
.p
.19 1 .
BookVII .ChapterVIII
.S ec ti on 5
i n v ari ou s w ay s . W hen an y pers on b ec am ev ery em i n en tas ab en ef ac torof m an ki n d , hi s s u c -
c es s ors g en eral l y attri b u ted thi s i n s pi rati on tohi m ; an d hew as s ai d , b y thev u l g ar, tohav ea
G od f orhi s f ather :
b u tthei n i ti ated u n d ers tood i tas f i rs ts tated , w hi c hw as ad oc tri n etoore-
f i n ed f ortheu n d ers tan d i n g s of thepopu l ac e, an d w as n ev erc on f i d ed tothem ; an d w hi c h, f orthe
m os tpart, w eon l y kn ow b y hal v es - b y c ol l ec ti n g tri f l i n g f ac ts thathav eu n i n ten ti on al l y es c aped
f rom them y s teri ou s ad y taof thetem pl es - i n w hi c h, perhaps , i n l aterti m es , thew hol ed oc tri n e
w as n otkn ow n , b u ti n g reatpartl os t
. T heperi od s of theren ew al an d theac tu al l en g thof the
c y c l ew ereu n q u es ti on ab l y l os t
. Iti s then atu ral an d , Itakei t, i n ev i tab l ec on s eq u en c eof al l
s ec retd oc tri n es of thi s ki n d , u n w ri tten an d han d ed d ow n b y trad i ti on , thatthey s hou l d ei therb e
l os torb ec om ed ou b tf u l
. Itw as akn ow l ed g eof thi s n atu ral an d i n ev i tab l eef f ec t, prob ab l y ,
w hi c hc au s ed thepri es ts i n s ev eral c ou n tri es toc om m i tthed oc tri n es tow ri ti n g i n theg u i s eof
x n i g m as oral l eg ori es orparab l es , an d ex peri en c ehas s hew n thatthi s i s eq u al l y u n av ai l i n g ; or
perhaps i ti s of w ors ec on s eq u en c e, as theal l eg ory b ei n g atl en g thb el i ev ed tothel etter, the
s ec retm ean i n g has n oton l y b een f org otten , b u ttheb el i ef of i t, ortheal l ow an c eof i ts ex i s ten c e,
has b een d en ou n c ed as hereti c al - ac ri m e- an d thepers on s en tertai n i n g i t, s u b jec ts of pers ec u -
ti on . T hi s i s ag reatev i l , b u tev i l , l es s orm ore, i s al w ay s an ec es s ary c on s eq u en c eof d i s i n g e-
n u ou s an d d ec ei tf u l c on d u c ti n m an
. P l atoan d P y thag oras , am on g theG en ti l es , w ereb oth
ex am pl es of em i n en tm en s u ppos ed tob etheprod u c eof d i v i n ei n f l u en c eori n s pi rati on , as I
hav es hew n i n B .IV .Ch .II .S ec t .6 .
T hei rm others w ereb el i ev ed tohav eb een ov ers had ow ed
orob u m b rated b y an Apol l on i ac al s pec tre, tohav eb een af f l atan u m i n e
f i l l ed w i ththe
rtrttn p
q d s ru h, an d tohav eprod u c ed thei rres pec ti v es on s w i thou tc on n ex i on w i thm an
. T hi s , i n f ac t,
w as c orrec tl y H i n d ooi n c arn ati on
.Al l theex traord i n ary b i rths rec ord ed i n thetw oT es tam en ts ,
s u c has thos eof S am s on , S am u el , J ohn Bapti s t, & c
., w ereex am pl es of thes am eki n d .
P ers on s w i s hi n g toob tai n pow erof ten attem pted toi n d u c eab el i ef that
they w eretheef f ec ts
of thi s ki n d of d i v i n ei n terf eren c e .
T hi s w as thec as ew i thAl ex an d ertheG reat, ' w how as
f ei g n ed tob eb eg otten b y J u pi terAm m on i n thef orm of aDrag on
.
T hi s w as thec as eal s ow i th
Au g u s tu s Caes ar, w hos em otherf el l as l eepi n thetem pl eof Apol l o, an d w ho(w hen s heaw aked )
s aw reas on q u as i ac on c u b i tu m ari tal i pu ri f i c ares e, ets tati m i n c orporeeju s ex ti ti s s em ac u l am ,
v el u td epi c ti d rac on i s
Au g u s tu m n atu m m en s ed ec i m o,
etob hoc Apol l i n i s f i l i u m ex i s ti m a-
tu m . 2
W hen S c i pi oAf ri c an u s as pi red tob ethety ran tof hi s c ou n try , as i m i l ars tory w as tol d
of hi s m other, an d of hi m - b u ttheRom an s d i s c ov ered hi s ob jec t, _an d hew as b an i s hed f ori t, -
hef ai l ed .
H i s m otherw as s ai d tohav eb een i m preg n ated b y as erpen tc reepi n g ov erherb od y
w hen s hew as as l eep .
In thes am em an n erAn n a, them otherof theVi rg i n M ary , w as s ai d , i n
on eof thes pu ri ou s G os pel - hi s tori es , tohav eb een i m preg n ated , w hen an i n f an tof on l y threeorf ou r
y ears ol d , b y theH ol y G hos t, i n thef orm of as erpen t, c reepi n g ov erherb od y w hen as l eep
; thepro-
d u c eof w hi c hw as M ary , them otherof J es u s
. An d as J es u s w as i n l i kem an n ertheprod u c eof
theH ol y G hos t, they d ec l ared M ary tob eb oththem otheran d thed au g hterof
G od .T heS erpen t
w as theem b l em of d i v i n ew i s d om eq u al l y i n In d i a, E g y pt, an d G reec e
.
An attem ptw as al s om ad eb y S y l l atoes tab l i s hhi m s el f as theob jec ti n hon ou rof w hom the
Lu d i S aec u l ares w erec el eb rated
; b u ti f s u c hw erehi s ob jec t, i td oes n ots eem tohav es u c c eed ed
.
H eappears n ottohav eb een s u pported b y thepri es ts , an d theref oreprob ab l y g av ei tu p
.
" S y l l a
~ w as b orn i n they earof Rom e
3
6 16 , b u ti ti s u n c ertai n w haty eartheS aec u l arG am es w erec el e-
" b rated , w hetheri n 6 05, i n 6 08, ori n 6 28 .
Itw as am atterof them os toc c u l ts c i en c ean d pon -
ti f i c al
ti f i c al i n v es ti g ati on , topron ou n c eon w haty eareac hS aec u l u m en d ed , an d Iam n ots ati s f i ed
N i m rod .Vol .III.pp
.3 6 6 , & c .

2 S u et .O c tav .Cap
.x c i v ., N i m .Vol .III
.p .4 58 .
aT hu s c aeH i s tori aec i t .Cen s ori n .p .84 ; P l u t .S y l l a.
3 81
3 82
S el eu c u s N i c ator An ti c hri s t
w hetherthed ec em v i ri d i d n otpu b l i s htheg am es m orethan on c e, w hen they s aw reas on to
d ou b tw hi c hw as thetru eS i b y l l i n ey ear ." ' Iti s q u i tec l earthatthes ed i f f i c u l ti es w ou l d n ot
appl y tos os hortaperi od as 110or120y ears .T hen ai l s d ri v en an n u al l y b y thec on s u l s w i th
g reatc erem on y , f rom ati m el on g an teri ortothathereal l u d ed to, m u s thav eread i l y f i x ed
theti m ef orthec el eb rati on of f eas ts of s u c hs hortperi od s .
6
.P erhaps i n an c i en tti m es there, n ev erw as am orerem arkab l eex am pl eof thi s s u pers ti ti on
than thatof S el eu c u s N i c ator, w hof ou n d ed thec i ty of An ti oc h, w hi c hw as f i n i s hed b y An ti oc hu s ,
w how as c al l ed E P IP H AN E S , perhaps on thatac c ou n t . T heori g i n al n am eof thi s c i ty , s i tu ated
on theO ron tes , w as Ion aorIopol i s , thec i ty of l o, theb eev e l e . (l ow as s om eti m es then am eof
am al e, s om eti m es of af em al e ; an d theS y ri an s , w earetol d , w erei n thehab i tof c han g i n g the
Chal d ai c tt a an d ri ei n tothe y o .) Itw as s ai d tohav eb een b u i l tb y T ri ptol em u s , i .e .E n y u l i u s
orM ars , as af u n eral m on u m en ttothec ow Io, w hi c hd i ed therew hen s hef l ed f rom J u pi ter
P i c u s (P i - c hu s T H E b l ac k)
; b u ti tw as c al l ed An ti oc hi ab y S el eu c u s i n hon ou rof hi s s on An ti o-
c hu s S oter.z T hen am eof theki n g s of An ti oc hs u f f i c i en tl y ex pl ai n thef ac t
.T he f i rs t w as c al l ed
S oterortheS av i ou r ; the s ec on d , T heos ortheH ol y , ortheG od ; the thi rd , w hof i n i s hed thec i ty ,
E pi phan es , ortheM an i f es tati on of theDei ty totheG en ti l es .
O n eof them , i n f u rtheran c eof
thi s s c hem e, en d eav ou red topl ac ehi s i m ag ei n theT em pl eatJ eru s al em , b u tw as d ef eated b y
therel i g i ou s z eal of theJ ew s , totheu n i n i ti ated of w hom hew ou l d appearb u tas an en em y to
thei rl oc al G od l aoorIeu e .T othes eJ ew s thes ec retm ean i n g c ou l d n otb eex pl ai n ed w i thou t
l etti n g ou tal l them y s teri es of therel i g i on tothev u l g ar .
T heS el eu c i d oeg ov ern ed al m os tal l
s ou thern an d c en tral As i a, i n c l u d i n g partof U pperan d Low erIn d i a, an d herethey prob ab l y
l earn tan ew m an y of thean c i en tm y s teri es then l os ttotheW es tern n ati on s . T hi s m ay hav e
c au s ed S el eu c u s N i c atortob u i l d am ag n i f i c en ttem pl ei n An ti oc horIon a to J u pi terBotti u s , that
i s J u pi terBu d d w u s , w hos ehi g h- pri es thec al l ed Am phi on - O m - phi - on .T heChri s ti an s ares ai d
tohav erec ei v ed then am eof Chri s ti an atAn ti oc h .
Atf i rs tthey w ereev ery w herec on s i d ered
b y theG en ti l es as J ew s , as they real l y w ere, an d theG od of S el eu c u s w as c al l ed An ti c hri s tb y
theJ ew s .T hi s w ou l d b ei n theG reekl an g u ag e Av 7 1 X " s os ,
oran oppon en tors ec on d
X g r1S os ,
m ean i n g ag ai n s ttheg ood orhol y on e, thehol y on eof Is rael , an d thi s w ou l d c au s etheChri s ti an s ,
thes erv an ts of theG od of theJ ew s , toc al l them s el v es f ol l ow ers of the
X prl s os ,
orof theg ood
d m m on , theoppos i teof An ti c hri s t
.
An d f rom thi s i tw as , thatT heod oretan d otherf athers
m ai n tai n ed thatthec i ty of An ti oc hw as aty peof An ti c hri s t
. T heAn ti c hri s ti an An ti oc h,
An ti -
c hri s ti an
b ef oretheb i rthof Chri s t, u n rav el s them y s tery .
N i m rod has m os tc l earl y prov ed , that
theS el eu c i d aem ean ttoc on v ertthec i ty of An ti oc hi n toas ac red pl ac e, an d tof ou n d thei rem pi re
u pon ac l os ec on n ex i on b etw een c hu rc han d s tate
: 3
b u thehas n otob s erv ed thatBu d d haan d
theg ran d Lam aof T i b etw erethei rm od el
.4
T heg ran d Lam a, s u c c es s orof Bu d d ha, w as atthat
ti m eprob ab l y an ef f i c i en tm on arc h, an d n otred u c ed tothei n an i ty of thepres en ton eb y the
pri es ts . J eru s al em w as s etu pb y the An ti c hri s t
Dav i d , as theS am ari tan s w ou l d c al l hi m , i n
o p-
pos i ti on .to theol d w ors hi pon G eri z i m ,
5
an d An ti oc hw as thes am e, i n oppos i ti on toJ eru s al em
.
T hu s w ed i s c ov ertheori g i n of An ti c hri s t, w i thw hom m od ern Chri s ti an s hav es ol on g am u s ed or
torm en ted them s el v es
.Bu tof the X e2~ s os
m orehereaf ter .
An otherreas on w hy they c al l ed
An ti oc hb y then am eof An ti c hri s tw as , b ec au s etheki n g of i tu s u rped then am eof E pi phan es ,
1
N i m rod , Vol .I .p .4 6 2, S u p
.E d .

2
Vi d eN i m rod , f rom pp
.3 7 0to4 9 0, Vol .III.
3 As al l pol i ti c m od ern ki n g s d o
.

* T heJ u pi terBotti u s prov es thi s .

5
Ac c ord i n g tothef i rs trel i g i on of M os es , G eri z i m , n otJ eru s al em , w as thepl ac e
c hos en b y G od topl ac ehi s al tars
there.
T hetex tof J os hu ac on tai n s s ati s f ac tory , i n tern al proof of i ts c orru pti on b y theJ ew s tof av ou rthec l ai m of
J eru s al em , as i s ad m i tted b y thef i rs tP rotes tan td i v i n es
.
BookVII .ChapterVIII
.S ec ti on 7

3 83
ortheM an i f es tati on of G od totheG en ti l es , w hi c hb el on g ed on l y tothei rG od . N otw i ths tan d i n g
thed es tru c ti on of theb ooks atAn ti oc h, u n d erthes u peri n ten d en c eof theApos tl es , an d of the
Chri s ti an pri es ts , s y s tem ati c al l y c on ti n u ed tothepres en td ay i n al l otherc ou n tri es , en ou g hhas
es c aped toprov ei tw as thed oc tri n eof thean c i en trel i g i on , thatas av i ou rs hou l d c om eattheen d
of theS a; c u l u m .
T hes y s tem of ren ew ed i n c arn ati on s s eem s toof f eras tron g tem ptati on toam b i ti ou s s pi ri ts to
d ec l arethem s el v es tob eem an ati on s of theDei ty , as w ehav es een i tw as attem pted b y Al ex an d er
theG reatan d s ev eral others . M r .U pham , i n hi s hi s tory of Bu d d hi s m , ' has g i v en an ac c ou n tof a
s u c c es s f u l attem ptof thi s ki n d i n theki n g d om of Av a
.
F rom thi s ex am pl ei td oes n ots eem u n -
l i kel y thats i m i l arattem pts , i n otherpl ac es , Cey l on f ori n s tan c e, m ay hav eb een m ad e . In thi s w ay ,
atthes am eti m ethatthes y s tem of i n c arn ati on s w hi c hIhav ed es c ri b ed , i s s u pported , theab s u rd
an d d eg rad ed s tateof Bu d d hi s m i n Cey l on an d otherpl ac es m ay b eac c ou n ted f or . M r.U pham
ad m i ts , as ev ery on em u s t, apri m ev al Bu d d haof g reatan ti q u i ty . H i s ex i s ten c ehed oes n ot
attem pttoex pl ai n , ex c epts of aras toad m i tthathew as theS u n . M r .U pham ' s i s theac c ou n t
of m od ern Bu d d hi s m ; w i ththi s Id on otc on c ern m y s el f , ex c ept i n s om ef ew i n s tan c es , w here
thean c i en ttru thhi d , u n d erthem od ern tras h, s eem s tos hew i ts el f : as f ori n s tan c e, i n thec y c l es
n oti c ed b y Lou b erean d Cas s i n i . F rom thel aps eof ti m ean d otherc i rc u m s tan c es , thev i ew of
theH i n d ooav atars has b ec om ei n d i s ti n c t ; y etthey ares ti l l s ov i s i b l ethatal m os tev ery Chri s ti an
w hohas of l atec aref u l l y l ooked i n totheearl y hi s tory of them , i s ob l i g ed toad m i t them . T hu s
theRev .M r.T ow n s en d s ay s , 2 " As thi s i n c arn ateb ei n g w as c on s i d ered as ad i v i n epers on , an d

thes on of G od , an d as N i m rod c l ai m ed theau thori ty an d ti tl es of the i n c arn ate, i ti s ev i d en t

thathi s f atherorhi s an c es torm u s t, f rom s om ec au s e, hav eb een al s oc on s i d ered as d i v i n e."
I
c an hav en od ou b tthatM r .T ow n s en d i s ri g ht, an d thatN i m rod w as Bal a- ram a, an av atar, pro-
b ab l y M aha- Bel i , 3 oran av atarof Bu d d ha .N i m rod an d Bal a- Ram aw ereb othg ran d s on s ors on s
of M en u , i .e . 13 N u . Bu ts i n c ethes em os tl earn ed an d orthod ox g en tl em en areob l i g ed toad m i t
thef ac t, Ib eg Im ay n otb ec al l ed f an tas ti c al an d parad ox i c al , atl eas t, u n l es s they b ec ou pl ed
w i thm e.
7
.Iti s q u i tei m pos s i b l etob el i ev ethatal l thes tri ki n g m arks of s i m i l ari ty b etw een then am es
of tow n s , them od es orpl an s of b u i l d i n g them , then am es of pers on s , an d thed oc tri n es of the
O ri en tal s an d theW es tern n ati on s , c an hav eb een theef f ec tof ac c i d en t ; an d Ic an s een oother
w ay of ac c ou n ti n g f orthem than b y s u ppos i n g thatthey w ereb rou g htb y thef i rs t rac eof peopl e
w hotrav el l ed W es tw ard s f rom In d i a, an d w hoal l had , w i thv ari ou s s ec tari an d i f f eren c es , f u n d a-
m en tal l y thes am erel i g i on , an d g av ethes am en am es tothei rtow n s as thos ethey had l ef ti n thei r
ow n N orth- eas tern c ou n tri es
.T hi s prac ti c ew ekn ow has al w ay s prev ai l ed am on g em i g rati n g
peopl e, an d prev ai l s tothi s d ay , an d i trati on al l y rem ov es al l thed i f f i c u l ti es . Itc an n otb eex -
pec ted thatatthi s l ated ay , am i d s ttheru i n s of c i ti es w hi c hhav eal m os td i s appeared , w es hou l d
f i n d i n eac h al l
thetrai ts orm arks of thes y s tem , oraw hol es y s tem , c om pl ete
.
Iti s as m u c has
w ec an ex pec t, i f w ec an f i n d , i n eac h, d etac hed parts of the
s y s tem :
f orex am pl e, s u ppos eI
f ou n d thehead of am an i n Bab y l on , thel eg of am an i n T roy , an d thehan d
of am an i n Rom e
;
thou g hId i d n otf i n d aw hol em an i n an y of them , 1s hou l d b eob l i g ed tob el i ev ethatal l the
tow n s had f orm erl y b een oc c u pi ed b y m en . Iti s thes am ew i ththeu n i v ers al s y s tem . In ev ery
c i ty s om eof thed eb ri s aretob ef ou n d , q u i teen ou g htoen ab l e
u s toju d g eof therem ai n d er,
w i thas m u c hc ertai n ty as w es hou l d i n thec as eof thel i m b s of am an , orof an an i m al
.
An ac tu al ex am pl eof thi s ki n d tookpl ac ei n Irel an d
: i n on epl ac etheb ac k- b on es of an el k
l P p . 110, 111
.

2
Cl as s .J ou rn .
N o
.X LVIII .p . 23 6 .

3 Ib .p .23 7
.
3 84

Y av an as E x pel l ed F rom T ow n s T hey Bu i l t

w eref ou n d , i n an otherthi g h- b on es , i n athi rd l eg s , an d i n an otherthem ag n i f i c en tan tl ers , an d
s oon ti l l al l theb on es of aperf ec tan i m al w eref ou n d
.T hey w erec ol l ec ted - , pu ttog ether, an d
n ow f orm thatm os tb eau ti f u l an d m ajes ti c s kel eton s tan d i n g i n theH al l of theIn s ti tu tei n
Du b l i n
.Does an y on ed ou b tthattheel kw as i n f orm erti m es an i n hab i tan tof thes epl ac es i n
Irel an d ? J u s ts oi ti s w i ththem y thol og i c al s y s tem of thean c i en ts , w i ththead orati on of the
S u n an d thehos tof heav en , theLord of H os ts
.E v ery w herethes am es y s tem w i th, i n part, the
s am ec erem on i es prev ai l ed , f rom Ion ai n S c otl an d toIon aatAthen s , orIon aatG az a, Ion aat
An ti oc h, ortheIon i orArg hai n In d i a
.
Ithi n ki tprob ab l ethatthen ati v es of c en tral As i a, i n theti m es of w hi c hw earetreati n g , w ere
n earl y i n thes i tu ati on of theAf g han s , i n hab i tan ts of thes am ec ou n try d es c ri b ed b y theH on
.M r .
E l phi n s ton atthi s d ay
.' T hey arei n ag reatm eas u ren om ad i c an d d i v i d ed i n totri b es , b u ty et
arem orel oc ated than theArab i an s of thed es erts
.W ars of ten takepl ac eb etw een them , an d
on etri b ed ri v es ou tan other, w hoq u i tthei rc ou n try n oti n as tateof d i s tres s an d w eakn es s , b u t
of pow er- c om pared w i ththec ou n tri es i n tow hi c hthey c om e
.T hec el eb rated Bab eri s an
ex am pl eof thi s
; hew as ex pel l ed f rom hi s c ou n try ab ou tBal ki n totheS ou th, w hereheattac ked
theem pi reof Del hi an d c on q u ered i t
.
8.In theol d b ooks of theH i n d oos , as i tw as b ef ores tated , w em eetw i thac c ou n ts of g reat
b attl es w hi c htookpl ac eb etw een thef ol l ow ers of theLi n g aan d thos eof theIon i , an d thatthe
l atteri n v ery earl y ti m es w ereex pel l ed f rom In d i au n d erthen am eof Y av an as
.Af terthes u n
had l ef tT au ru s an d en tered Ari es , orab ou tthatti m e, i ti s prob ab l ethatthew arab ov eal l u d ed
toaros e .W hethertheq u es ti on of theprec ed en c eof theLi n g aan d Ion i had an y c on n ex i on
w i ththetran s i tf rom T au ru s toAri es Ikn ow n ot, b u tthetw oev en ts appeartohav etaken pl ac e
ab ou tthes am eti m e
.T heBu d d hi s ts orY av an as w ere
.ex pel l ed
; thei rpri es ts w ereCu l d ees
;
an d they w ereJ ai n es .T hey pas s ed totheW es t
.In thei rw ay they b u i l t, orthei rs ec tpre-
v ai l ed i n , thec i ty of Baal , Bal , orBab y l on - as N i m rod s ay s , prob ab l y theol d Ion a
E tq u otIon atu l i tv etu s , etq u otAc hai af orm as
.2
T hey b u i l t, orthei rs ec tprev ai l ed i n , thec i ty of Coan orAi ai a, i f ev ertherew eres u c hc i ti es -
thec i ty of Col c hi s orof theg ol d en f l eec e, i f ev ertherew as s u c hac i ty , tow hi c htheArg on au ts
aref ei g n ed tohav es ai l ed - thec i ty of Ion aw hi c haf terw ard b ec am eAn ti oc hi a- an d thec i ty of
l oti ac al l ed af terw ard G az a, w herethey w ereP al l i orP hi l i s ti n es , an d n eartow hi c hJ on as w as
s w al l ow ed u pb y aw hal e- an d thec i ty of Athen s , c al l ed Athen a, (aw ord hav i n g thes am e
m ean i n g as b on a, )w i thi ts tw el v es tates an d Am phi c ty on i c c ou n c i l
.T hey d w el ti n Ac hai a, they
b u i l tArg os , they f ou n d ed Del phi , orthetem pl eof then av el of theearth, w herethey w ere
c al l ed H el l en es an d Arg i v es .T hey f ou n d ed thes tateof theIon i an s , w i thi ts tw el v etow n s i n
As i aM i n or .T hey b u i l tIl i on i n T roy , orT roi aorT er- i a, i
.e.c ou n try of theT hree
.T hey
c arri ed therel i g i on of O s i ri s an d Is i s , thati s Is i an d Is - w ara, toE g y pt
; they tooktheDei ty
J an u s an d J an aorl an atoItal y , w herethei rf ol l ow ers w erec al l ed O m b ri
: they f ou n d ed thec i ty
of Val en ti aorthec i ty of Ram aorRom a .- they b u i l tVei i orthec i ty of U ei (read f rom ri g ht
tol ef tIeu ), i f ev ertherew as s u c hac i ty
: - they b u i l t
.thetem pl eof Is i s , n ow c al l ed N otreDam e
ortheQu een of H eav en , atP ari s
; an d , as i tm i g htb ec al l ed , Bag hi s - s tan n ow S t
.Den n i s , an d
w erec al l ed S al ari i f rom thei rattac hm en ttoan d prac ti c eof thes ac red M az y d an c e
: - they l ef t
theG aru d aatBou rd eau x
: - they f ou n d ed them os ts tu pen d ou s m on u m en ti n thew orl d c al l ed
Carn ac , 3 of thes am en am eas thetem pl eof Carn ac i n E g y pt, an d theCarn ati c i n In d i a
: - they
b u i l tS ton ehen g e, orAm b res - s tan , an d Ab u ry orAm b res pore
: - they f ou n d ed O x f ord on theri v er
H i s t.Cab u l .

2N i m rod , Vol
.I.p.287 .

3 S eeCel ti c Dru i d s .
BookVII
.ChapterVIII
.S ec ti on 8

3 85
w hi c hthey c al l ed Is i s , an d Cam b ri d g eon theri v erCam , Cham , H AM ,
Am orO m : - they b u i l t
Is eu rorO l d b orou g h, an d c al l ed theY orks hi reri v erb y then am eO M - b erorU m b erorH u m b er,
an d c al l ed thes tate, of w hi c hIs eu rw as thec api tal , Bri g an ti a,
thes am eas thes tatew hi c hthey
had l ef tb ehi n d them i n S pai n orIb eri a, an d Val en ti aal i ttl em oretotheN orth,
an d Val en ti ai n
Irel an d thes am eas theRom aan d , Val en c i ai n Ital y an d S pai n
:
an d f i n al l y they f ou n d ed ac ol -
l eg el i keO x f ord orCam b ri d g eorthei s l an d of Ii orIon a, orCol u m b a,
w hi c hrem ai n ed ti l l the
Ref orm ati on , w hen i ts l i b rary , prob ab l y theol d es ti n
thew orl d atthatti m e, w as d i s pers ed or
d es troy ed .' T hes ew erethepeopl e, J ai n s orBu d d hi s ts , w hom , i n m y Cel ti c Dru i d s ,
Ihav e
trac ed f rom U pperIn d i a, f rom Bal korS am arc an d , on epartb etw een the4 5than d 50thd eg ree
of
N orthl ati tu d eb y G au l toBri tai n an d Irel an d , an d an other
partb y , s ea, throu g htheP i l l ars of
H erc u l es , toCoru n n a, an d then c etoIrel an d , u n d erthen am eof P el as g i ors ai l ors
of P hoen i c i a
.
AP P E N DIX T O BO O KVII .
In thehi s tory of Bru tu s
.an d hi s threes on s , n oti c ed attheen d of
ChapterVI
., w ehav ethe
u n i v ers al m y thos i n Bri tai n , i n i m i tati on of Ad am , Cai n , Ab el , an d
S eth- N oah, S hem , H am ,
an d J aphet .
T heW el s hg am eof T roy , n oti c ed b y P l i n y , i n Ch
.VII
.S ec t.3 , prov es theT rojan
m y thos i n Bri tai n b ef oretheti m eof theRom an s
.
W i ththi s m ay b ec l as s ed am ed al of the
S av i ou rf ou n d i n W al es w i ththeH eb rew i n s c ri pti on , i n
F i g
.26 , d es c ri b ed b y Rol an d i n hi s
M on aAn ti q u a,
2 w hi c hm ay ran kw i ththeCru c i f i x , theLam b , an d theE l ephan t,
orG an es aat
Brec hi n , 3 i n
S c otl an d ; an d w i thari n g hav i n g i ts Li n g - i on i , i ts Bu l l s an d Cob ra,
f ou n d i n the
s am ec ou n try , ex hi b i ted b y theE arl of M u n s tertotheAs i ati c S oc i ety , an d d es c ri b ed
i n Vol u m e
II
.art .x x v i .of thei rT ran s ac ti on s (v i d em y pl ates , F i g .27 ) ;
an d w i ththeIn d i an G od s S am n au t,
Bood , O m orAu m , E s w ara, Cal i , N ei thorN au t, an d Crees hn a, i n Irel an d , d es c ri b ed
i n Chapter
V.S ec ti on X X VI .of theCel ti c Dru i d s
; an d w i ththeT ri m u rti of Irel an d , Cri os an , Bi os en a,
an d
S heev a, 4
an d w i ththeCu l d ees orChal d aean s i n ev ery partof theBri ti s hi s l es
.
' Iti s kn ow n thatpartof i tw en ttoDou ay i n F l an d ers
.
2 P l ateV .p .9 3 , ad d .p.29 8 .

3
Vi d eCel ti c Dru i d s , pl ate24 .

4 Cl as s .J ou rn al , Vol
.III.p .17 9 .
( 3 86 )
BO O KVIII
CH AP T E RI
J ew i s hP en tateu c h
: P u b l i c ati on f orc ed - J ew s aH i n d ooorP ers i an T ri b e-
N am eof P hoen i c i aan d S y ri a- Reas on of Ab raham ' s M i g rati on - Ab ari s , m ean -
i n g of - Y ad u s atri b eof J ew s - G od c al l ed b y G en ti l eN am es , b u tal w ay s M al e
- Di f f i c u l ty i n theM etem ps y c hos i s - Dr
.H y d es hew s Ab raham tohav eb een a
Brahm i n .
1 .IT i s s c arc el y n ec es s ary torem i n d an y pers on w hohas read theprec ed i n g partof thi s w ork,
of thev ery ex traord i n ary m an n eri n w hi c htheJ ew s appeartohav eb een , as i tw ere, i n s u l ated
am i d s tthes u rrou n d i n g n ati on s
.If w em ay b el i ev ethel i teral s en s eof theBi b l e, (f oras hortti m e,
theP ers i an s ex c epted , )they w ereal w ay s ats ec reten m i ty oropen w arw i ththei rn ei g hb ou rs , the
G en ti l es , orthe i d ol aters ,
as , b y w ay of reproac h, they areg en eral l y c al l ed .
By theG reeks they
w eres c arc el y n oti c ed ; kn ow n they c ertai n l y w ere
; b u tprob ab l y thei rd oc tri n es w eref i rs tm ad e
pu b l i c b y thetran s l ati on of thei rP en tateu c h, i n theti m eof P tol em y P hi l ad el phu s , an d i ts c on s e-
q u en tpu b l i c ati on , w hi c hw as s oab horren ttothef eel i n g s of theJ ew s , thatas ol em n f as ttoaton e
f orthes i n w as es tab l i s hed on thean n i v ers ary of thed ay thatthetran s l ati on w as f i n i s hed
. T hi s
f as tc on ti n u es tob eob s erv ed an n u al l y throu g hou tal l thew orl d , w heretherearean y of theJ ew i s h
n ati on .
N otw i ths tan d i n g w hati s s ai d of J es u s read i n g i n thes y n ag og u e, w hi c had m i ts of ex pl a-
n ati on s oas n ottob ead v ers etom y opi n i on , Ib el i ev ethatan c i en tl y theP en tateu c hw as kept
s tri c tl y s ec retb y theJ ew s , an d w ou l d prob ab l y hav eb een l os tl i kes i m i l arw orks of d i f f eren ttem -
pl es , - Di an a, E l eu s i s , Del phi , & c ., - had i tn otb een f orthetran s l ati on f orc ed b y P tol em y .
In
Athen s they had apropheti c an d am y s teri ou s b ook, w hi c hthey c al l ed theT es tam en t, tow hi c h
they b el i ev ed thes af ety of therepu b l i c w as attac hed . T hey pres erv ed i tw i ths om u c hc are, that
am on g al l thei rw ri ters n oon eev erd ared tom akean y m en ti on of i t ; an d thel i ttl ew ekn ow of
thi s s u b jec thas b een c ol l ec ted f rom thef am ou s orati on of Di n arc hu s ag ai n s tDem os then es , w hom
heac c u s es of hav i n g f ai l ed i n theres pec td u etothi s i n ef f ab l e b ook, s oc on n ec ted w i ththew el f are
an d s af ety of thes tate
.' M an ethon oti c es as ac red b ooki n theg ran d E g y pti an l i b rary of O s y m an -
d i as , s ai d tob ew ri tten b y P haroah S U pH i s .
2
T hi s i s P haroah, X o(~ oc , theW i s e .
T hi s w as pro-
b ab l y as i m i l arb ooktothatof theAthen i an s .
N od ou b tev ery d i v i s i on of theu n i v ers al rel i g i on had i ts s ec retan d s ac red w ri ti n g s as w el l as the
J ew s , on l y they w eren ev erm ad epu b l i c , an d thu s w erel os t .T othepec u l i arc i rc u m s tan c ew hi c h
c au s ed Al ex an d ri atob eal m os tf i l l ed w i thJ ew s an d S am ari tan s , an d tothen ec es s i ty w hi c hP tol e-
m y f ou n d of c au s i n g thei rb ooks tob etran s l ated i n ord erthathem i g htkn ow how tod ec i d e
b etw een them i n thei rs q u ab b l es , an d toaw i s h, perhaps , tog ov ern them b y thei row n l aw s , w e
are, prob ab l y , i n d eb ted f orou rkn ow l ed g eof theb ooks of theO l d T es tam en t .
Af terthey w ere
on c etran s l ated i n toG reek, therec ou l d b en ol on g eran y ob jec ti n c on c eal i n g theori g i n al s
.
1 S pi n ettoon H i erog .p .123 .

2 Ib i d .p .3 04 .
BookVIII
.ChapterI
.S ec ti on 2

3 87
O f thereal i ty of thetran s l ati on therec an b en od ou b t ; b u tw hetheri tw as m ad ef rom thec opy
of theS am ari tan s orf rom thatof theJ ew s c an n otb ec ertai n l y kn ow n : ag ai n s ttheS am ari tan s ,
J os ephu s i s n otev i d en c e :
b u tas theJ ew s al l ow theS am ari tan tob ethes ac red c harac ter, f rom
thati tw as prob ab l y taken
: i n c on s eq u en c eof theu n i n ten ti on al c orru pti on of the
L X X .b y
O ri g en , n othi n g c an b ed ed u c ed b y c om pari s on of thev ers i on s .
Cal m ets ay s , theS am ari tan s al l eg ethat " thei rtran s l ati on w as pref erred b ef orethatof the
"
J ew s , an d l ai d u pi n thel i b rary of Al ex an d ri a ." T hi s s eem s n oti m prob ab l e
. T heS am ari tan
i s s ai d tob ethes ac red l an g u ag eof theJ ew s b y J os ephu s , w ho,
i n thi s c as e, m u s tb eal l ow ed to
b ean u n q u es ti on ab l eau thori ty , b ec au s ei ti s ev i d en c eag ai n s thi m s el f an d hi s s ec t
. H es ay s that
theP etal on , t
org ol d pl ateon thef orehead of thehi g hpri es t, had on i t "
then am eof G od i n
" s ac red c harac ters ." T hi s pl atew as i n ex i s ten c ei n thec api tol of Rom ei n theti m eof O ri g en ,
w horel ates thatthel etters w ereS am ari tan
.
J os ephu s w as herethem os tu n w i l l i n g of w i tn es s es ,
c on s eq u en tl y hi s ev i d en c ei s g ood , 2 an d O ri g en ' s i s thes am e .
2.Chri s ti an s an d J ew s w i l l f i n d n od i f f i c u l ty i n ac c ou n ti n g f orthei n s u l ated s tateorthes i n g u -
l ari ty of theJ ew s , tow hi c hal l u s i on w as m ad ei n thel as tS ec ti on
.T hey w i l l s ay theIs rael i tes w ere
s i n g u l arb ec au s ethey w eretheel ec tof G od - G od ' s c hos en peopl e . Bu tphi l os ophers w i l l n otb e
s oeas i l y s ati s f i ed , an d perhaps they m ay repl y , thatthi s i s an as s u m pti on m ad eb y thepri es ts of
al m os tev ery n ati on i n i ts tu rn . Aw i s hm ay al s oex i s ton thei rparts tod i s c ov erthec au s eof
thi s s i n g u l ari ty c om b i n ed w i ththeg en eral f am i l y l i ken es s w hi c h, n otw i ths tan d i n g thei rpec u l i ari ty ,
m ay b eperc ei v ed i n thei rc erem on i es an d d oc tri n es tothos eof theothern ati on s .
T hi s w i s hed -
f orc au s eIs hal l n ow proc eed tos hew m ay b ef ou n d i n theprob ab l ef ac t, thatthey w ereatri b eof
H i n d ooorP ers i an n om ad es ors hepherd s , f oraw an d eri n g tri b ethey c ertai n l y w ere- on eof the
s ec ts of theH i n d oorel i g i on af teri td i v i d ed i n totw o, i .e
.thos eof theLi n g aan d Ion i , orBu d d ha
an d Cri s tn a, orperhaps of thes ec tof theLi n g aaf terthes eparati on , b u tb ef orethereu n i on of the
tw o. Ithi n kthi s theory w i l l ac c ou n tf orm os tof thed i f f i c u l ti es w i thw hi c hw em eet, an d that
therew i l l n otb ead i s ag reem en tf rom theH i n d oorel i g i on , i n i ts prob ab l eori g i n al pu ri ty , g reater
than m ay b eex pec ted tohav eari s en f rom thel aps eof ti m e, thec han g eof pl ac e, rev ol u ti on s , an d
otherc i rc u m s tan c es . Ii n c l i n etotheopi n i on thati tw as of therel i g i on of thef ol l ow ers of the
Li n g aaf terthes eparati on .T hu s they w erethef ol l ow ers of theG od Ie- pati orl aw , i n oppos i ti on
totheG od d es s P arv ati orVen u s , As tarteorAs teroth, & c . T hey w erethef ol l ow ers of the
m al e
Io, i n oppos i ti on tothe f em al el o, of S y ri a ; f orthel o, as w ehav es een , w as of b oths ex es .
T he
l oof S y ri a, w as prob ab l y n othi n g m orethan the17 1orIs w of M os es , w i ththepec u l i arS y ri ac
d i al ec t, w hi c hc han g ed thez i n totheo .
W earetol d thatT erah, thef atherof Ab raham , ori g i n al l y c am ef rom an E as tern c ou n try c al l ed
U r, of theChal d ees orCu l d ees , tod w el l i n ad i s tri c tc al l ed M es opotam i a .S om eti m eaf terhehad
d w el tthere, Ab raham , orAb ram , orBrahm a, an d hi s w i f eS araorS arai , orS ara- i s w ati , l ef tthei r
f ather' s f am i l y an d c am ei n toCan aan
. If thel etter A b ec han g ed , b y m etathes i s , f rom theen d of
thew ord Brahm atotheb eg i n n i n g , as i s v ery of ten prac ti s ed i n theori en tal l an g u ag es , w es hal l
hav ec orrec tl y Ab rab m ; orthe A
m i g htb eon l y theem phati c Chal d eearti c l e, m aki n g theBraham
orBrahm i n . T hew ord Is w ati , i n thes ec on d n am e, i s n ow s ai d tob em erel y aterm of hon ou r, l i ke
Lad y S arah . 3 T he i d en ti ty of Ab raham an d S araw i th
Brahm a an d S arai s w ati w as f i rs tpoi n ted
ou tb y theJ es u i tm i s s i on ari es .
' Iapprehen d thattheu s eof thew ord IIE - rorkw r here, ex hi b i ts arem n an tof thef i rs ts ty l eof w ri ti n g on l eav es .T he
s ac red w ord m u s thav eb een w ri tten on ag ol d en l eaf - f ol i u m or
" S v
od e.
2
An ti q .B . H LChap .v i i . S ec t .6 .

3
1s hal l ex pl ai n i thereaf ter .
3 88

J ew s aH i n d ooorP ers i an T ri b e
" M r
.P ax ton , i n hi s i l l u s trati on s of theH ol y S c ri ptu res , d es c ri b es thes tri ki n g s i m i l ari ty of

m an n ers , hab i ts , an d c u s tom s , ob s erv ab l eb etw een theIs rael i tean d H i n d oon ati on s .Ab raham

i s s ai d tob ethes on of aH i n d ooRajah, w ho, ab an d on i n g hi s c as tean d n ati v el an d , w hi c hw as

M es opotam i a, w en ttores i d ei n af orei g n c ou n try

." ' T hi s M es opotam i a, as i tw as i n ti m ated
i n thel as tb ook, m u s tev i d en tl y b ethec ou n try c al l ed Doab , 2
ortheM es opotam i aof In d i a, _the
s am eas theG reek,
M etros w ora os . T hi s i s prob ab l y m ean tf orM atu raon theJ u m n a, i n the
c ou n try b etw een theIn d u s an d theG an g es
.T hey c am eu l ti m atel y i n toac ou n try w hi c hthey
c al l ed Can aan , prob ab l y f rom apl ac ei n In d i a, w hi c hhad thes am en am e, n oti c ed b y Dr .
Bu c han an . 3
3 .In Is ai ahx x x
.4 , thec i ty of M atu rea, orH el i opol i s , i s c al l ed w ry hats ;
i n theVu l g ate,
H an es , an d i n theLX X . H el i opol i s . M r
.Bry an tob s erv es thatthepl ac ec al l ed H an es i s ,
b y
S tephan u s By z an ti n u s , c al l ed In y s or
Iv w rtros , an d b y H erod otu s I7 1v ttT O s .
N ow i ti s rem arkab l e
thatthi s w as thev ery c i ty , tow hi c hthe4 ' H N or
4 )hn n orP hoen i x , c am eattheen d of ev ery 6 00
y ears tob u rn i ts el f , on theal tarof thetem pl eof thes u n .Bu tu n d erthec i rc u m s tan c eof the
H eb rew s hav i n g n ol etterw hi c han s w ered totheCopti c orE g y pti an l etter4 ), thew ord , b y them ,
m ay hav eb een ren d ered b y thel etter ri h .
T hi s m u s tal s os u ppos etheE g y pti an l an g u ag e, w hen
then am eP han es w as g i v en tothec i ty , tob eol d erthan theS y ri an of theti m eof Is ai ah
.Bu t
w hen w hatIhav es ai d an d s hal l s ay res pec ti n g thean ti q u i ty of thel an g u ag eof Af ri c an E thi opi a
i s c on s i d ered , thi s w i l l b ef ou n d tob eof n oc on s eq u en c e
.As P hoen i c i aw as i m ag i n ed tohav ehad
i ts n am ef rom ahero, P h(en i x , s oS y ri ai s s ai d tohav ehad i ts Dam ef rom am an c al l ed S y ru s ,
a
' F ran kl i n on Bu d d hi s ts an d J ey n es , p .10 .
!
In theIn d i an l an g u ag e ab m ean s ri v er, l i keau b i n Dan au b , an d
Do i s theLati n d u o .T hew hol em ean s , i n the
In d i an l an g u ag e, c ou n try of thetw ori v ers . H erei n the d o
i s ab eau ti f u l an d i n c on trov erti b l eex am pl eof then ec es s i ty
of hav i n g rec ou rs etom i x ed ety m ol og y .
3 F ran kl i n on theJ ey n es , p .3
.Ihav es ai d , i n m y Cel ti c Dru i d s , thatCan aan i tes m ean t trad ers .I hav ec han g ed
m y opi n i on on thi s s u b jec t
.T hey w eretrad ers n od ou b t, b u tthey w erec al l ed f rom theH eb rew h]kn n , an d l +7 ki n .
N atu ra, om n i u m g en etri x , etd i rec tri x .H en c ethe
Kan n orDi an aof theE tru s c an s , an d the11' ] ki w i orrou n d c akes ,
i n hon oreReg i n aeCoel oru m ; hen c etheChan n ortheJ an aof thean c i en tRom an s
; as Chi u n b ec am eJ u n o .(O u s e-
l ey ' s Col l ec t .Vol .III .N o .II .p .120.)Itw as c l os el y c on n ec ted w i ththeCb aon es orCaon es , an d had thes am e
m ean i n g as theApol l oCu n n i u s
.T heS u n G od of E g y pti s c al l ed Kan , b y Di od oru s S i c u l u s : an d Col .T od has
ob s erv ed , thattheLotu s i s eq u al l y s ac red totheKan of E g y ptan d Kan i y aof In d i a .(H i s t .Raj .p .53 8
.)In
Deu teron om y M os es ord ers theIs rael i tes tod es troy then am es of thed i v i n i ti es of thel an d
.S ol om on J arc hi s ay s , thi s
w as d on eb y g i v i n g them ac on tem pti b l en am e .T hi s w as theori g i n of Bab y l on - c i ty of Con f u s i on
.In thes am e
w ay , an d f orthes am ereas on , prob ab l y , Can aan w as as ec tari an n am eof reproac hw i ththeJ ew s
.In G reec e Brt), os
(v i d eE ty m .M .i n v oc e)s i g n i f i ed M ou n tO l y m pu s orH eav en , an d
Be- B, thos
an y pl ac eab om i n ated oru n hol y
.(N i m rod ,
p .i i ..S u p .E d .)H en c e Bab y l on perhaps
.T heg reatd i s ord eri n an c i en thi s tory has ari s en , i n s om em eas u re,
f rom thec u s tom of c al l i n g pri n c es b y n ew n am es - b y ti tl es of hon ou r
.T hi s i s c arri ed tos u c han ex ten ti n theBi rm an
em pi re, thatan ati v eof thatc ou n try s hu d d ers atthei d eaof c al l i n g hi s pri n c eb y hi s propern am e
.(As i ati c Res .)
N othi n g c an b em orec l earthan thatthi s , ors om ethi n g v ery s i m i l artoi t, an d eq u al l y em b arras s i n g tothehi s tori an ,
w as prac ti s ed i n theE as ti n an c i en tti m es
.W ef i n d Ab raham , J ac ob , J os hu a, an d m an y others , c han g ed thei rn am es
;
an d i n thes ec as es thetex tof thehi s tory tel l s u s w hy , oratl eas tw hen , they c han g ed them ; b u tw hats hou l d w ehav e
d on ei f w ehad n othad thati n f orm ati on ? W es hou l d then hav ekn ow n thes epeopl eb y thei rn ew n am es aton eti m e,
an d b y
thei rol d on es atan other- i n f ac t, n othav ekn ow n them atal l
.T hu s i tm ay w el l b es u ppos ed tob ew i thP ers i an
an d othern am es , i n theP ers i an hi s tori es , i n w hi c hi tc an n otb eex pec ted thattheex pl an ati on c an b eg i v en .T herem u s t
al w ay s hav eb een ag reatd i f f i c u l ty i n d i s ti n g u i s hi n g b etw een f atheran d s on i n hi s tori c al ac c ou n ts , an d d i f f eren tn ati on s
had rec ou rs etod i f f eren tex ped i en ts .Ihav en od ou b tthatju d i c i al as trol og y had ag reati n f l u en c ei n thi s m atter, f or
i ts eem s tohav eb een aprac ti c ei n al l n ati on s tog i v ec hi l d ren n am es i n ref eren c etothei rhoros c ope, orthec al c u -
l ati on of thei rn ati v i ty ac c ord i n g tothepl an ets , w hi c hw eres ac red n am es , an d w ereb orn ei n ad d i ti on tothei rpatern al
n am es .
' S y n c el l u s , p .150.
BookVIII
.Chapter1 .S ec ti on 4

3 89
on eof theearth- b orn peopl e
.Bu tM r .Bry an t' s ay s , S u r, S ou r, w hen c ew as f orm ed l og os ,
s i g n i f i ed thes u n
.Itw as thes am eas S ehorof E g y pt, c al l ed : , etQtog b y theG reeks .T hec i ty
of U ri n Chal d eaw as s om eti m es c al l ed S u r, an d S y n c el l u s s ay s Ab raham w as b orn i n thec i ty
S u r. S tephan u s s ay s S u r
w as c om m on tom an y pl ac es .F rom thi s i ts eem s thatAb raham m ay
hav ec om ef rom an ori en tal S u rorS u ri a .
Bu tAb raham ortheBrahm i n c am ef rom U rof theChal d ees , (thi s m ay hav eb een thepen i n s u l a
of S au ras traorof Z oroas terorS u ra- s tan , )w hi c hhas b een s u ppos ed tom ean thef i reof theChal -
d ees , al l u d i n g tothei rf i rew ors hi p
.F i rew ors hi p, how ev er, w as n otob jec ted tob y M os es , b u t
w as c on ti n u ed b y hi m as m u c has b y othern ati on s ;
f ori tw as ad opted b y n on ati on s , i n thei r
tem pl es , ex c eptm erel y as an em b l em of as u peri orBei n g
.W ehav es een ju s tn ow , thatAb ra-
ham w as s ai d b y s om eau thors tohav ec om ef rom apl ac ec al l ed S u r as w el l as U r ; an d S u rm ean t
Beev eorBu l l : s eeBookIV.Chap .I.S ec t .8.Al l thi s i s c on s i s ten t, f orS u rw as c al l ed f rom
theBu l l , U ri n theol d l an g u ag eb ei n g theori g i n of thew ord U ru s orBeev e .Af terw hathas
b een s ai d res pec ti n g thei d en ti ty of thean c i en tl an g u ag es of Ital y an d In d i a, If eel n ohes i tati on
i n l oc ati n g Lati n w ord s i n In d i a .An d thu s Iam l ed tothec on c l u s i on , thatAb raham ' s f am i l y
s hay hav ec om eaw ay f rom hi s c ou n try toav oi d thead orati on of theBu l l , as w el l as thatof the
Y on i . 2
W ehav ef ou n d theAg n u s orAri es i n theY ajn as ac ri f i c e- theAg n i c on s tru ed tom ean
F i re, theAg n u s Lam b ov erl ooked .
In thes am em an n erw ef i n d thew ord U rc al l ed f i re, the
m ean i n g of U ru s orb u l l b ei n g ov erl ooked
.T hec i rc u m s tan c eof theAg n i b ei n g on l y kn ow n at
thi s ti m etom ean f i re
i s aproof thattheS an s c ri tl an g u ag ehas b een c han g ed , an d thatw eou g htto
g otoan ol d erl an g u ag e, i ts paren t, orrathertoi tb ef orei ts c han g e .N oon e, Ithi n k, w hol ooks at
thew ord AG N i an d c on s i d ers that, i n theY ajn as ac ri f i c eorthes ac ri f i c eof theAg n i , al am b i s s l ai n ,
an d thattheAg n i al w ay s ri d es al am b , ori f on f ootc arri es as tan d ard b eari n g al am b , an d theother
c i rc u m s tan c es poi n ted ou tb y m ei n BookV .Chap.X ., c an d ou b tthatthew ord Ag n i has ori g i -
n al l y m ean tl am b .Id on otthi n kthatthel eas tappearan c eof thew ors hi pof theBu l l c an ev erb e
perc ei v ed i n thetri b eof Ab raham u n ti l thei rretu rn f rom E g y pt .Bu tthes ac ri f i c eof ' theRam i s
ord ai n ed b y G od i n l i eu of thehu m an s ac ri f i c eof Is aac .T herew as ad i s tri c tof In d i ac al l ed U r
orU ri i orU ri an aon theJ u m n a, w hi c hw es hal l f i n d w as thepl ac ef rom w hi c hAb raham c am e
.
4 .Ab raham an d hi s f am i l y orc l an prob ab l y l ef tthei rc ou n try on ac c ou n tof w hathetru l y c on -
s i d ered thec orru pti on of therel i g i on , v i z .therec on c i l i ati on orthec oal i ti on w hi c htheBrahm i n
b ooks s ay tookpl ac eb etw een thef ol l ow ers of theLi n g aan d thos eof theIon i .H es eem s to
hav eb een of thes ec tof theLi n g aal on e
.W hen hef i rs tc am ei n toCan aan , then ati v es w i ththei r
Can aan i ti s hki n g - pri es tM el c hi z ed ek, w ereof hi s rel i g i on - thatof Brahm aan d P ers i a .W hen hi s
tri b eretu rn ed f rom E g y ptu n d erthec om m an d of J os hu aortheS av i ou r, tow hi c hon l y they had
b een d ri v en b y f am i n e, an d w herei ti s ev i d en tthatthey n ev erw erec om f ortab l e, they f ou n d the
Can aan i tes w i ththei r Ion i c
c i ti es (Ion aatAn ti oc han d Ion aatG az a)had b ec om ec orru pted ,
they had f al l en i n totheheres y of Bab y l on an d theCu l d ees , them eas u reof thei ri n i q u i ty
w as f u l l , an d they c on q u ered them
.T heCan aan i tes f orf ei ted thei rd om i n i on s , an d theIs rael i tes
s ei z ed them , an d u n d ertheS av i ou r, thes on of N av e, res tored thetem pl eof M el c hi z ed ekon
G eri z i m , 3
w hi c hw as af terw ard rem ov ed b y Dav i d an d S ol ei m au orS ol om on toJ eru s al em .
' An al . Vol .III.p .4 4 6 .

8
Bu l l s of Bas han , Cal v es of Bethel an d Dan .
3
H ar- G eri z i m , prob ab l y , w as s oc al l ed af ters om es ac red M ou n ti n In d i a
.Ar, i n theol d l an g u ag eof U pperIn d i a
as w el l as i n H eb rew , i s c on s tan tl y appl i ed tos ac red m ou n ts , i n d eed toal l m ou n ts - as Ar- b u d d ha .Ar, i n S an s c ri t,
m ean s hi l l , an d G i r c i rc l e . Az i m , i n Arab i c , m ean s
g reatn es s , ati tl eof em i n en c e : hen c eAr- g er.i z i m m i g htm ean
hi l l of theg reatc i rc l e . T heg reatc i rc l ec on s i s ted of thec i rc l eof s ton es s etu p
b y J os hu a, an d w as theP ros eu c ha, the
rem ai n s of w hi c hE pi pb an i u s f ou n d on
G eri z i m , as I
hav eal read y m en ti on ed .H eb rew n am es aren otu n c om m on i n
In d i a : theBai than a of
P tol em y i s s oc l earthati tc an n othe m i s taken .As i at .Res . Vol .IX .p.19 9 .
3 9 0
Reas on of Ab raham ' s M i g rati on
T hi s s hew s u s w hy theIs rael i tes w ereapec u l i arpeopl ei n them i d s tof n ati on s
of en em i es on ev ery
s i d e- hati n g al l n ati on s ex c epttheP ers i an s ,
w ho, i n theti m eof Cy ru s an d Ahas u eru s , w ereof
thei row n rel i g i on , an d w ho, w i thou tm i n d i n g thei rd om es ti c f eu d ,
res tored thei rtem pl es b othon
G eri z i m an d atJ eru s al em
.T heIs rael i tes ex hi b i ts ev eral rem arkab l epoi n ts of res em b l an c etothe
f ol l ow ers of Brahm aan d Cri s tn aatthi s d ay
.
T hei rrel i g i on s arem u tu al l y i n term i x ed w i thm an y
of theri tes an d c erem on i es of thei rpred ec es s ors , theBu d d hi s ts
. T hef i rs tb ookof G en es i s i s
Bu d d hi s t
; thes ac ri f i c eof theLam b atthev ern al eq u i n ox oratthepas s ov er, i s c l earl y
thes ac ri f i c e
of theY ajn a, of f ered b y thef ol l ow ers of Cri s tn aorBrahm a
.
T hi s ac c ou n ts f orthehatred of
M os es totheBu l l , an d hi s parti al i ty totheLam b
.
J erob oam an d theS am ari tan s f el l of f tothe
Bu l l an d theQu een of heav en - i n totheu n i on - an d thu s , totheIou d ahi tes , b ec am e
hereti c s .
Ihav es ai d ab ov e, thatAb raham c am ef rom In d i a
orP ers i a .
Iti s v ery pos s i b l ethatthetri b e
m i g htori g i n al l y hav ec om ef rom In d i aan d hav eres i d ed
al on g ti m ei n P ers i a, b ef orei tm ov ed
f orw ard s i n toCan aan .
Iti s v ery pos s i b l ethatg reatn u m b ers of pers on s c on s ti tu ted thetri b ean d
c am ei n toS y ri a, an d w en tthen c ei n toE g y pt, thou g hthehi s tory of thef am i l y of Ab raham
on l y i s
g i v en .
Ithi n kthi s i s n otc on trary tothef ai r
m ean i n g of thehi s tory , an d rem ov es s om e
d i f f i c u l ti es .
Al thou g hthean c i en ts of theW es td on ots eem tohav ekn ow n m u c hof
thed oc tri n es ors ac red
b ooks of theJ ew s , y etAb raham w as w el l kn ow n tothem
; s ev eral pers on s , b othG reekan d O ri -
en tal , hav i n g w ri tten res pec ti n g hi m
.
T hey al l ag reethathew as n otan ati v eof S y ri a, b u t
that
hec am ethi therf rom theE as t
.
If w ec an b el i ev eM r
.F ab eran d theDes ati r, w hi c hm u s t, Ithi n k,
b eg en u i n e, (how ev erm u c hi tm ay hav eb een c orru pted b y M os han i i n ren d eri n g i tou t
of theol d
l an g u ag ei n toP ers i an , )thead orati on of theBu l l an d Bu d d hi s m f i rs tprev ai l ed i n
P ers i a ; b u tthi s ,
therei s reas on tob el i ev e, w as s u c c eed ed b y Cri s tn aan d theLam b w hi c hm i g hthav e
c om ei n w i th
G em s hi d .
T hean c i en ts w ou l d s ay thatf rom Brahm a, w hoc am ei n toP ers i a,
c am eBrahm i n i s m ,
an d theBrahm i n s , b u ty ettherew ou l d hav eb een n oBrahm a
. T hu s , w hen theIs rael i ti s htri b e,
w how ereas ec tof Brahm i n s , c am ei n toS y ri a, they w ou l d m erel y s ay that
Ab ram c am e. T he
w hol ehi s tory of Ab ram orAb raham , thati s D7 n K
Ab rm or
Dram
Ab rem , has am os tm y thol og i c al
appearan c e .
T hereas on g i v en f orc han g i n g hi s n am ei n G en
.x v i i .5, i s v ery u n s ati s f ac tory , ' an d
Iam i n d u c ed tothi n kthati tl ooks v ery l i kethereas on of apers on w ri ti n g an d n ot
u n d ers tan d i n g
them ean i n g of then am e
; or, w hi c hi s s ti l l m orel i kel y ,
n otc hoos i n g to g i v ethem ean i n g of i t,
u n d erthec han g eof w hi c hs om em y s tery w as prob ab l y c on c eal ed
. T hew ord Drt em , m ean s
m u l ti -
tu d e, an d thew ord 3 K ab m ay m ean f ather : b u ti DK
ab r n ev erm ean s f ather. N ow s u ppos ethe
l etter x
aaf terthem an n erof theChal d eetob eem phati c , tom ean
the,
an d thew ord D' IM to
m ean thes am eas theBrahm of In d i a, w hatev erthatm i g htb e
:
an d s u ppos ethi s - ts hr thef i rs t
s y l l ab l eof theBrab m e- M ai atom ean , as M r
.W hi ters ay s i td oes m ean i n
al l ol d l an g u ag es ,
c re-
ator or f orm er, g i v erof f orm s ;
then , b y ad d i n g toi tthew ord Drt
em , w eg etthem ean i n g g i v en b y
theau thorof G en es i s , an d thi s i n aw ay
i n perf ec tkeepi n g w i ththerem ai n d erof theb ook, thou g h
perhaps m y s ti c al en ou g h. Iag ai n repeat, thatac c ord i n g tothe
c om m on i d i om of theH eb rew ,
Ab raham c an n otm ean
f atherof am u l ti tu d e . Dr
.H al es s ay s , thatAb - ram m ean t 00
ahi g h
" f ather, " an d Ab raham " af atherof am u l ti tu d eof n ati on s
: " f rom m t
ab
"
af ather, " z - 1 rb i n
Chal d ee" g reat, " an d
Drl
en a theab ri d g m en tof pi r
em u n , " m u l ti tu d e
." Ithas b een thou g ht
' T he c han g em ad ei n then am e of Ab raham w as b y thead d i ti on of
thev ow el n e,
thef i rs tn am en othav i n g a v ow el
.
T hi s i s
ev i d en tl y m y s ti c al . I hav eas tron g s u s pi c i on that, f orm erl y , thev ow el s w ereon l y u s ed w hen i tw as n ec es s ary
to
d i s ti n g u i s hon e w ord f rom an otherw hi c hhad the s am e c on s on an ts , b u tad i f f eren t
m ean i n g .
In thi s c as ethev ow el
i n on e of the w ord s w as
i n s erted tod i s ti n g u i s hi t, as them od ern J ew s hav es i n c ed on ew i ththei rpoi n ts
.
2 Chron
. Vol .I .p.13 1 .
BookVIII .ChapterI .S ec ti on 5

3 9 1
thatthew ord Ab raham had them ean i n g of s tran g er
. T hi s w i l l appl y totheBrahm i n s as w el l as
toAb raham , b ec au s ethey arec on s i d ered tohav ec om ei n toIn d i af rom theN orth
.T heread er
m u s trem em b erthatIam s u ppos i n g M os es tohav ew ri tten m an y hu n d red y ears af terthearri v al
of thetri b ef rom theE as t, an d that, i n thec ou rs eof theev en ts of w hi c hItreat, ti m een ou g hhad
pas s ed f orthel an g u ag es tohav em ateri al l y c han g ed - an ev en tw hi c hw ekn ow tohav etaken
pl ac e .
T hen Ithi n ktherei s n othi n g ag ai n s tou rg oi n g b ac ktoal an g u ag ec om m on tob othf or
theori g i n of thew ord : f orthef artherb ac kw eg o, then earer, of c ou rs e, al l thel an g u ag es w ou l d
b etoon ean other .
Letm en otb ec al l ed aw i c ked athei s tf ors eei n g thel i ken es s b etw een Brahm aan d Ab raham ; f or
w hats ay s theRev .an d l earn ed J os ephH ag er, D . D .? 1 " As theIn d i an al phab ets areal l s y l l ab i c ,
CC
an d ev ery c on s on an tw i thou tav ow el an n ex ed i s u n d ers tood tohav ean A joi n ed toi t, therei s n o
"
w on d eri f f rom
Ab raham w as m ad eBrahm a ; an d thu s w es eeotherP ers i an w ord s i n theS an s -
" c ri thav i n g an
a an n ex ed , as d ev a f rom d i v , apps f rom ab , d eu d a f rom d eu d , " & c . 2 Dr .H y d e
s ay s , thatIb rahi m orAb raham , b y theP ers i an s , i s n ev erc al l ed otherw i s ethan Ib rahi m or
Ab ra-
ham Z erd u s ht, 3 thati s ev i d en tl y Z erd u s httheBrahm i n
.Al l thi s Ithi n ki s c on f i rm ed b y af ac t
w hi c hw el earn f rom Dam as c en u s , thatAb raham f i rs trei g n ed atDam as c u s ; an d Al ex an d erP ol y -
hi s tor, w hol i v ed ab ou tn i n ety y ears b ef oreChri s t, an d E u pol em u s , w hol i v ed ab ou t250y ears
b ef oreChri s t, 4
s ay thathec am ean d res i d ed i n E g y ptatH el i opol i s , thati s M atu rea, an d there
tau g htas trol og y , w hi c hhed i d n otprof es s tohav ei n v en ted , b u ttohav el earn tf rom hi s an c es tors ,
of c ou rs ei n theE as t
.T hi s i s c on f i rm ed b y Artapan u s .Its eem s n otu n reas on ab l etos u ppos e
thatb y m ean s of Ab raham , M atu reaac q u i red i ts In d i an n am e, - then am eof theb i rth- pl ac eof
Cri s tn a .
5.M r.Bry an tthi n ks 5 thatAb ari s i n E g y pthad i ts n am ef rom thew ord - 12, v
ob r. T hi s s eem s
n otu n l i kel y :
as i tw as herethattheIs rael i tes d w el t, i td oes n ots eem i m prob ab l ethati thad i ts
n am ef rom them - as Ihav es hew n , i n m y
CE LT ICDRU IDS , thatthey had thei rn am ef rom the
w ord - ay ob r.
G 1
T hec i ty of Ab ari s w as c al l ed S ethron an d u rb s T y phon i a : S ethb ei n g (as P l u tarc has s u res
"
u s )theE g y pti an n am eof T y phon , theg reaten em y of thei rG od s ." " Its eem s tom etob ed i f -
f i c u l ttos ay thatAb ari s w as n otthec i ty of M atu reaof Ab ari s , or ' Qy
ob ri ,
thes tran g ers - of
H el i opol i s of O n , orof d es tru c ti on , as i tw as c al l ed , orT y phon
.T hen am es of thi s c i ty c u ri ou s l y
c on f i rm m y d oc tri n es
.Itw as c al l ed O n , orthec i ty of theg en erati v epow erof thes u n
; i tw as
al s oc al l ed thec i ty of T y phon , orof d es tru c ti on , b ec au s ed es tru c ti on w as reg en erati on ; i tw as al s o
thec i ty of theS u n , b ec au s ethes u n w as b othCreatoran d Des troy er .T hes ac red b ooks tel l u s
w hy Ab raham w en ti n toE g y pt, an d theG en ti l eau thors f i n d hi m there, an d thu s c on f i rm thef ac t,
an d thef i n d i n g thi s Brahm i n an d hi s tri b eatM atu reai s v ery s tri ki n g .Al l thi s i s c on f i rm ed i n
v ari ou s w ay s b y E u pol em u s , Beros u s , P hi l o, an d J os ephu s , an d i n d i rec tl y al s o, Ithi n kIm ay s ay ,
b y S an c hon i athon . 7
W hen Al ex an d ers ay s thattheH el i opol i tan pri es ts m ad eu s eof theas trol og y
of Ab raham , i ti s thes am eas tos ay of theas trol og y of theBrahm i n s
.
s
An d w hen theG reek
O rpheu s s ay s , thatG od of ol d rev eal ed hi m s el f toon eChal d aean on l y , Iq u i teag reew i thH orn i u s ,
9
thati ti s prob ab l ethepers on c al l ed Ab raham i s m ean t, w hetherhew as real l y apers on , oras ec t,
oras y s tem .Ib eg l eav etoob s erv e, en pas s an t, thatf rom S an c hon i athon w ehav ei n s u b s tan c e
thes am eCos m og on y f ortheP hoen i c i an s as i s f ou n d i n G en es i s
.O n thi s ac c ou n ttheg en u i n en es s
' Di s s .Bab . In s . Load .1801 .

4
S eeP aol i n o' s
Am aras i n ha, p .12 ; S y m es ' s E m b as s y toAv a, c h .x i v .
3 H y d ed e Rel .v et . P ers .Cap .i i .et. i i i .

4 M au ri c e, An c .H i s t
.Vol .1 .p .4 3 8 .

S
Vol.III .p .23 8.
s Cu m b . O ri g .G en .p
.4 7 .

7 G al e,
Vol .II.Booki .Ch .i . 8, 9 , & c
.

s
Ib . 9
9 H i s tP hi l os .Li b .i i . Cap . x .
3 9 2

Y ad u s aT ri b eof J ew s
of hi s w orkhas b een d ou b ted , b u tIthi n kw i thou ts u f f i c i en treas on , as theread erm u s tperc ei v e .
J os ephu s an d P l u tarc hthi n k, thattheP hoen i c i an s hepherd s , s ai d tob ed ri v en ou tof E g y pt, w ere
theIs rael i tes
; b u tw hatBi s hopCu m b erl an d has w ri tten u pon S an c hon i athon ' s ac c ou n t, has n earl y
s ati s f i ed m e, thatthes epeopl em u s thav eb een ex pel l ed m orethan threehu n d red y ears b ef ore .
T hec i rc u m s tan c eof thes eP hoen i c i an s b ei n g ab l etoc on q u eran d hol d pos s es s i on of E g y pt, s hew s
thatP hoen i c i a(an d , Is u ppos e, of c ou rs e, i ts c api tal S i d on )m u s thav eb een av ery g reatan d pow er-
f u l s tateb ef oretheti m eof Ab raham .
s
Ithi n kthes es hepherd s m u s thav eb een theP al l i , orP hi -
l i s ti n es , w hoc am ef rom theb ord erof theAE rethrean s ea, an d atf i rs tf rom thepen i n s u l aof S au .
res tren eorS au ras tra, w hi c hperhaps m ean s
c ou n try of Z oroas ter.
6 .1w i l l n ow s tatean otherf ac t, w hi c h, c om i n g f rom theq u arterw hen c ew ehav ei t, c an n otb e
d i s pu ted on ac c ou n tof an y i n teres tors y s tem .
T hetri b eof Cri s tn ab ad an am e, n oti c ed b y m e
b ef orei n BookV .Chap .X .S ec t
.2, w hi c hi s v ery rem arkab l e .Captai n W i l f ord s ay s , " T he
" Y ad u s , hi s ow n tri b ean d n ati on , w ered oom ed tod es tru c ti on f orthei rs i n s , l i kethed es c en d an ts

of Y AH U DA or Y U DA, w hi c hi s thetru epron u n c i ati on of

J U DA . 3 T hey al l f el l , i n g en eral , b y
" m u tu al w ou n d s , af ew ex c epted , w hol ead throu g h
l am b u - d w i pa, am i s erab l ean d w retc hed l i f e .

T hereares om etob ef ou n d i n
G u z arat, b u tthey arerepres en ted as pooran d w retc hed ." 4 M r.
M au ri c es ay s , " T he Y ad av as '
w erethem os tv en erab l eem i g ran ts f rom In d i a ; they w erethe
" b l am el es s an d pi ou s E thi opi an s , 5
w hom H om erm en ti on s , an d c al l s therem otes tof m an ki n d .
P artof them , s ay theol d H i n d u w ri ters , rem ai n ed i n thi s c ou n try
; an d hen c ew eread of tw o
" E thi opi an n ati on s , theW es tern an d theO ri en tal . S om eof them l i v ed f artotheE as t ; an d
" they aretheY ad av as w hos tay ed i n In d i a, w hi l eothers res i d ed f artotheW es t
." 6 T hef ac tof
partof thetri b ey etrem ai n i n g i n ex i s ten c e, i s on eof thepi ec es of c i rc u m s tan ti al ev i d en c ew hi c h
Ic on s i d eri n v al u ab l e .
Itc an n otb etheprod u c eof f org ery , an d c ou pl es v ery w el l w i ththetw o
S i on s , tw oM eru s , & c
., & c .
Iti s on c i rc u m s tan c es of thi s ki n d thatIg rou n d m y s y s tem . T hey
s u rpas s al l w ri tten ev i d en c e, f orthey c an n othav eb een f org ed
. T hi s em i g rati n g tri b eof Y ad u or
Y u d a, w es hal l f i n d of thef i rs ti m portan c e, f orthey w eren ootherthan theJ ew s
.
P orphy ry , i n hi s b ookc al l ed H i ps Ie& u w v ,
q u oted b y E u s eb i u s , T m akes S atu rn tob ec al l ed
Is rael . H i s w ord s arethes e : Koov os row u v ,
g v c ow tx es Itrpc X w rpoaa7 opu eo .
T hen head d s ,
thatthes am eS atu rn had b y an y m phc al l ed
Ay toO g z r, an on l y s on , g v , 8i a
f aro, l ee ex a .ev , ,
w hom , f orthi s , they c al l
l en d ,
as hei s s oc al l ed tothi s d ay , b y theP hoen i c i an s . T hi s on l y s on ,
head d s , w as s ac ri f i c ed b y hi s f ather .Boc harts s ay s , " T hu s Ieu d am on g s ttheH eb rew s i s 1' rp
(i hi d )Iehi d ,
w hi c hi s theepi thetg i v en toIs aac , 9
c on c ern i n g w hom i ti s ev i d en tthatP orphy ry

w ri tes ." Boc harti s f ol l ow ed b y S ti l l i n g f l eet,

10 w hos ay s , "
Ab raham i s herec al l ed b y the
" n am eof hi s pos teri ty , Is rael , Is aac J eou d .
S o G en
.x x i i .2 : T akethy s on
: - 7 n , Ad i s the

s am ew i ththeP hoen i c i an J ou d ."

T hi s i s ag ai n c on f i rm ed b y Vos s i u s
.
11
T herei s , Ithi n k, n od i f f i c u l ty i n f i n d i n g heretheIu d ai ortri b eof Y u d aof theH i n d oos l on g
b ef oretheJ ew s of W es tern S y ri ac ou l d hav etaken thatn am ef rom on eof thes on s of J ac ob ,
c al l ed J u d ah
; an am ew hi c hc an n othav eb een f i rs td eri v ed f rom hi m , b ec au s ei ti s c l earthatthey
had theepi thetl on g b ef orehew as b orn - hi s g ran d f atherIs aac hav i n g b orn ei t .
1 M on tf au c on , Vol .II .p .24 5,
thi n ks S an c hon i athon af org ery , an d d ou b ts of hi s tran s l atorP hi l oBy b l i u s .Bu thi s
reas on s s eem f eeb l e : i tm u s trem ai n d ou b tf u l
.T hew orkof S an c hon i athon w as thou g hts pu ri ou s b y Bas n ag e, H i s t .
J ew s , Booki i i .Ch
.x x v i i . p .251 .
s
Cu m .S an .Rem .- I . p
.109 .
1 As i at.Res .
Vol .X .p .3 5 .
P rm par .E v an g . Li b . i
.Cap .i x .
10 O ri g i n .
.B .i i i .C . v .
' Itou g httob e n -
n n ,
i eu d e ori eu - d e, w hi c hm ean s thehol y Ieu .
s
H i s t.H i n d . Vol .II . p.26 2.

o
As i at. Res
. Vol .III
.p.3 6 8.
s
Can . Li v .i i .Ch.i i .f ol .7 9 0.

0
G en . x x i i .2.
11
Vi d eG al e, Cou rtG en t .Vol .I .Booki i .Ch.i .
BookVIII
.ChapterI
.S ec ti on 6

3 9 3
S ti l l i n g f l eetan d Boc hartob s erv ethat
r1s )y - 1rr
hn - on b rt, av w 13 g e' r, m ean s c on c ei v i n g b y g rac e .
Res pec ti n g theAn ob retof S an c hon i athon , Val l an c ey has g i v en ac opy of av ery ex traord i n ary
Iri s hM S
.w i thatran s l ati on of i t, i n w hi c han Iri s hki n g ' s w i f ei s s ai d tob ri n g f orthaw hi tel am b ,
w hen c es hew as c al l ed U an ab hrei t, i .e . b ri n g i n g f orthaw hi tel am b . T hi s d i s tres s ed herv ery
m u c h
; b u ts heag ai n c on c ei v ed an d b rou g htf orthas on , w hen s hew as tol d b y thepri es tthat
herw om b w as c on s ec rated , an d thel am b m u s tb es ac ri f i c ed as
herf i rs t- b orn , f orherc ean i n (1' p
g n i n )c i on - i u d a
or pu ri f i c ati on of herf ars t- b orn . '
Iq u i teag reew i thVal l en c ey thatthi s c an b en o
m on ki s hf org ery of theel ev en thc en tu ry .Ithi n ki td ec i d ed l y prov es , f i rs t, thattheIri s hd i d
real l y c om ef rom P hoen i c i a
; an d , s ec on d l y , thatS an c hon i athon i s n otaf org ery
.Bu ttheproper
m ean i n g of 1' 3 17 g n i n Ci on - l u d ai s ev i d en tl y n otw hatVal l en c ey g i v es ab ov e, v i z . f orthepu ri f i c a-
ti on of thef i rs t- b orn ,
b u t f orthes al v ati on of J u d aof S i on
. T hew hol es tory i s ex c eed i n g l y
c u ri ou s .T hes on s heb rou g htf orthw as c al l ed Aod h- S l ai n e, i
.e . b ec au s ehew as s av ed f rom the
s ac ri f i c e. I thi n kAod h- S l ai n ei s thes am eas 7 tty ' i z hk, thou g hi ti s s om u c hc orru pted as s c arc el y
tob ed i s c ov erab l e .T hatthehi s tory of thes ac ri f i c ei s of then atu reof am y thos , orf ab l e, or
parab l e, f orthepu rpos eof teac hi n g ad oc tri n ei s , Ithi n k, v ery c l ear, an d Ithi n kthed oc tri n eal s o
i s c l ear .T hef i rs tob jec tw as toab ol i s h hu m an s ac ri f i c es
b y thes u b s ti tu ti on of theLam b , w hi c h
M os es af terw ard d i d b etterb y ared em pti on - pri c e ;
then ex tob jec tw as toi n c u l c atetheab s ol u te
n ec es s i ty of ob ey i n g w i thou tan y , ev en thes l i g htes t, d ou b torhes i tati on theord ers of G od - i n
otherw ord s , theord erof thepri es t .
T hatw es hou l d f i n d then am eof Iu d ai of thes ec t, i n thef atherof thetw el v etri b es , i s n ot
s u rpri s i n g , an d ac c ord s w el l w i thw hatIhav es u g g es ted
.T hew ord J ew i s am ereAn g l i c i s m , an d
thew ord Y u d i orl u d i i s m orec orrec tl y theH i n d oon am e, c om ef rom w herei tw ou l d
.N o
d ou b ti tm i g htc om ef rom then am eof as on of J ac ob ;
b u ts ti l l thi s m u s thav eb een ats ec on d -
han d , af terthed i v i s i on of thetri b es
.Iti s m os tprob ab l ethati tc am ef rom thetri b eof l u d i a,
as thehead of thetri b es eem s tohav eb een kn ow n b y thatn am e, as Ihav eb ef ores tated , m an y
y ears b ef orethes on of J ac ob w as b orn , an d w how as prob ab l y s oc al l ed af terhi s an c es tor
.W hen
P orphy ry c al l ed Is aac b y theepi thetl ou d , he, perhaps , m ean tIs aac thel ou d - i te, orIs aac of the
tri b eof l ou d orY u d a
.T hen am eg i v en toJ ac ob , Is rael or
~ x - l ttf , i s ral - n otw i ths tan d i n g Cru d en ' s
attem pttoex pl ai n i tb y i m properl y c han g i n g on eof thel etters - i s ev i d en tl y u n kn ow n
. 7 W ' i s ri s
then am eof theb ookof J as her, w hi c hhas b een c on s tru ed
thec orrec tb ook . As thi s w ord
g i v es n am etothew hol etri b e, i ti s av ery i m portan tan d d es i rab l ethi n g toas c ertai n i ts m ean i n g
.
Iex pec ti tw i l l b ed i s c ov ered i n theE as t
.Bu t, perhaps , i tm ay on l y m ean thes am eas pi tt
." i s ru n ,
an u pri g htpers on : then i tm i g htb e,
theg reatu pri g hton e .
Boc hart, G al e, an d m an y otherof ou rl earn ed m en , thi n ktheP hoen i c i an s d eri v ed thei rl etters ,
l earn i n g , & c .,
f rom theJ ew s .T hi s i s eas i l y ex pl ai n ed .W hen theIs rael i ti s htri b earri v ed i n
Can aan they f ou n d then ati v es prof es s i n g thei rrel i g i on i n al l i ts f i rs tpri n c i pl es
.Itm i g htb eof
theIn d i an rel i g i on b ef orethed i v i s i on ab ou ttheLi n g aan d Y on i tookpl ac e, orw hen i tpartookof
b oth, orb ef orethed i v i s i on had trav el l ed s of arw es tw ard s
.H ow ev erthi s m i g htb e, then am eof
Ion a, b orn eb y thetow n s
of G az aan d An ti oc h, pretty w el l s hew s thati tb ec am e, i f n oten ti rel y ,
y eti n ag reatm eas u re, Ion i an af terw ard
.T hi s eas i l y ac c ou n ts f orthei d eaof G al ean d Boc hart,
tow hi c h, w i thou ti t, therew ou l d b eoppos ed thes tri ki n g f ac t, thatw es c arc el y kn ow of theP hoe-
n i c i an s f rom theJ ew s ex c eptas thei ren em i es
; an d thi s m akes g reatl y ag ai n s ttheP hoen i c i an s
hav i n g b orrow ed thei rl earn i n g f rom them
.P eopl earen otof ten w i l l i n g tol earn of thei ren em i es
.
Ab raham i s s ai d , b y ori en tal hi s tori an s , tohav eb rou g htthekn ow l ed g eof as tron om y totheCan a-
' Col l .H i b .Vol .IV.p.4 3 0.
3 9 4

G od Cal l ed By G en ti l eN am es , Bu tAl w ay s M al e
an i tes an d E g y pti an s
.Itm ay hav eb een theas tron om y of theBrahm i n s w hi c hheb rou g ht . Iti s
n otu n l i kel y , thatthou g htheE g y pti an s an d P hoen i c i an s m ay hav ehad m u c hkn ow l ed g eb ef ore
Ab raham , orhi s s ec tortri b e, arri v ed , hem ay hav eb rou g htthem an i n c reas e, an d thi s w ou l d b e
q u i teen ou g htoau thori z ehi s s u c c es s ors tos ay an d tob el i ev e, thathew as thei rf i rs ti n s tru c tor .
An d thi s theory ac c ou n ts f orthes i m i l ari ty b etw een thew ri ti n g s of S an c hon i athon an d theb ookof
G en es i s .
P orphy ry (l i b .i v
.ad v ers u s Chri s ti an os )s ay s , G thatS an c hon i athon an d M os es g av ethel i keac -
c ou n tof pers on s an d pl ac es
; an d thatS an c hon i athon ex trac ted hi s ac c ou n t, partl y ou tof the
~ ~ an n al s of thec i ti es , an d partl y ou tof theb ookres erv ed i n thetem pl e, w hi c hherec ei v ed f rom
`~ J erom b al u s , ' pri es tof theG od J eu o, i
.e .J ao, orJ ehov ah ." 2 T hew ord s of P orphy ry are, as
g i v en b y E u s eb i u s ,
T av 7 rof av 7 i .
c l a7 rapa `Ie? of 4 a% 8T 8 i epew g T H 2re8 Iac o
.
Al l thi s s hew s
thatthe
f u n d am en tal
d oc tri n es of thetri b eof Ab raham an d theP hoen i c i an s w erethes am e, thou g h
they them s el v es m i g htb eof d i f f eren ts ec ts .
T hes y s tem es tab l i s hed b y M os es c on f i rm ed thel i n e
of s eparati on b etw een them .
H i s g reatan x i ety w as toprev en thi s peopl ef rom f al l i n g i n tothe
T au ri c an d Ion i an heres y , theheres y of Bab y l on , of Ion a, an c i en tAn ti oc h, an d of Ion aof theP hi -
l i s ti n es of G az a, hi s b i tteren em i es
.
T oprev en tthem f rom rel aps i n g i n tothew ors hi pof the
Bu l l - head ed Baal an d Baal ti s , an d Bu l l - ey ed J u n oorAs teroth, theq u een of heav en , heen d eav ou red
tokeepthem totherel i g i on prof es s ed b y M el c hi z ed ek, tothew ors hi pw hi c hAb raham b rou g ht,
an d w hi c hhi s tri b ef ol l ow ed atM atu reaorH el i opol i s of E g y pt, tothew ors hi pof theS av i ou ror
M es s i ah, ty pi f i ed b y theLam b of theZ od i ac , i n In d i a, c al l ed theS av i ou rorH eri - Cri s tn a
; i n
s horttothew ors hi pof the M al e g en erati v epri n c i pl e .
W ehav es een thatY ad u w as s ai d i n In d i a
tob ethef atherof Cri s tn a .
7 .
Ithas of ten appeared tom ean ex traord i n ary c i rc u m s tan c ethattheG od of M os es s hou l d b e
c al l ed b y thes am en am es as theG od s of theG en ti l es - Ad on i s an d Baal , f ori n s tan c e .Ihav eread
thattheJ ew s c ou n ti n theBi b l ethi rty - tw on am es of G od ; b u tIb el i ev ei n n oc as ew hatev erw i l l
heb ef ou n d b y then am eof on eof thei rG od d es s es .
T hou g hhei s c al l ed , Baa1, hei s n otc al l ed
Baal ti s . If I
b eri g ht, thi s i s eas i l y ac c ou n ted f or .W hen ' Ab raham arri v ed i n Can aan theIon i an
heres y d i d n otprev ai l , an d hehad n oob jec ti on tohi s G od b ei n g c al l ed af terthen am es of theG od s
of the s i n g l e m al epri n c i pl e, orperhaps of the d ou b l e pri n c i pl e ; b u theu tterl y rejec ted theIon i s m
an d thei d ol atry , i ts g en eral c on c om i tan t, i n tow hi c hCan aan orS y ri af el l , b etw een theti m eof hi s
tri b eg oi n g i n toE g y ptan d retu rn i n g , as theH eb rew tex ts ay s , af teru pw ard s of f ou rhu n d red y ears .
W hen thetri b el ef tCan aan theIon i c pri n c i pl em i g htb eg ai n i n g g rou n d , b u tn othav eb ec om ethe
prev ai l i n g s u pers ti ti on
. W hen theJ ew s retu rn ed , i n c reas ed i n s tren g than d s w ord i n han d , the
n am eof thetow n s Ion a, s hew thatl on i s m prev ai l ed
.
As Ihav es tated b ef ore- thec l os es i m i l ari ty
b etw een P ag an i s m an d J u d ai s m i s n oton l y ad m i tted b y M r .F ab er, b u ti s d es c an ted on b y hi m at
g reatl en g th ; an d , af ters hew i n g theab s ol u tei n s u f f i c i en c y of al l theori es y etprom u l g ated toac -
c ou n tf ori t, hes ay s ,
"
J u d ai s m an d P ag an i s m s pran g f rom ac om m on s ou rc e ; hen c ethei rc l os e
~ ~ res em b l an c e, i n m an y parti c u l ars , i s n othi n g m orethan m i g hthav eb een reas on ab l y an ti c i -
G 0 pated ." 3
If i tb es ai d thatw ed on otf i n d s u c hc l earm arks of thi s res em b l an c ei n theb ooks of theJ ew s as
w eou g httod o, Irepl y , w eev ery w heref i n d thew ors hi pof thef em al eg en erati v epow errepro-
b ated , u n d erthen am eof As tarothof theS i d on i an s , Qu een of heav en , = , ' r w ; ~ 5y a b ol es m i n t, an d
t> > n tv rrn tn
m l ktes m i m ;
an d theM al eJ on , orJ u pi ter, 4 ex tol l ed . If I b eri g ht, i ti s ev i d en tl y the

J erom b al u s i s prob ab l y `l E pot- op c c aoc

.
s
G al e, Cou rtof G en t . Booki i i . Ch. i i . . i ., Vol
.II.Book.i .Ch.i i i . v i i i .

3 O ri g .P ag .Id ol .Vol .I.p . 10

5.

T hes ew erem ered i al ec ti c v ari ati on s , b u tof the

s am en am e .
BookVIII .ChapterI .S ec ti on 8

3 9 5
ob jec tof theIs rael i ti s hb ooks , toc on c eal thes ec retd oc tri n eu n d er an al l eg ori c al hi s tory ; an d i ti s
v ery pos s i b l ethatthereal tru thm i g htb es oon f org otten b y theJ ew s , w hoc on tem pl ated thei rhi s to-
ri es w i thon l y then arrow v i ew s an d ey es of s ec tari es . I In thew hol eof theJ ew i s hb ooks Ic an n ot
d i s c ov eras i n g l epas s ag ei n d i c ati v eof aten d en c y totol eratethew ors hi pof theQu een of heav en .
If ev eran y thi n g l i kean attem ptw as m ad e, as i n thec as eof S ol om on , i tw as m etw i ththeb i tter-
es ti n tol eran c eon thepartof thepri es ts ;
w i tn es s thei rv i ol en c eag ai n s thi m f orhi s tol erati on of
theS i d on i an s ; n othi s ad opti on of thei rrel i g i on Ib el i ev e, b u ton l y hi s tol erati on of i t .
W i thres pec ttothead orati on of thef em al eg en erati v epri n c i pl e, theIs rael i tes an d then ei g h-
b ou ri n g G en ti l es s eem tohav eb een s i tu ated ex ac tl y l i ketheP api s ts an d theP rotes tan ts .T he
Is rael i tes ad ored theP hal l u s orLi n g a, as i s ev i d en tf rom thes ton es etu pan d an oi n ted w i thoi l b y
J ac ob . Bu tn ow herec an an em b l em of thef em al epri n c i pl eb ed i s c ov ered
.T hef es ti v al of the
Ram , theY ajn as ac ri f i c e, theem b l em of the .1 am thatIam , orthe Iw i l l b e w hatIhav eb een ,
i n the
m as c u l i n eg en d er, i s apparen ti n av ari ety of w ay s ;
b u tn ow herec an an y em b l em of thef em al e
pri n c i pl eb ed i s c ov ered , ex c eptas an ob jec tof reprob ati on
. T heG en ti l es ad ored b oth ; ex am pl es
of w hi c hn eed n otb eg i v en
.T hem od ern Rom i s ts ad oretheRam , theLam b of G od , an d al s othe
Vi rg i n , them otherof G od , theQu een of H eav en , theReg i n aS tel l aru m
: theP rotes tan ts ad ore
theLam b of G od
; b u tthey , l i ketheIs rael i tes , c an s c arc el y b ef ou n d i n an y c as etopay thel eas t
res pec ttotheQu een of heav en .
AtAn ti oc h- i an - l on a, atDel phi , atRom e, b otharead ored ; at
J eru s al em an d Lon d on , on l y on e- theLam b
.T hel on i w as an d i s d etes ted i n thel as t- n am ed
pl ac es
.
T hef ac tc an n otb ed en i ed .
W as i ttheef f ec tof ac c i d en t, orof as ec retrel i g i on ? P ro-
b ab l y thes am ec au s e- s om ec au s eari s i n g f rom thec harac terof m an i n c ertai n c l as s es - w hi c hpro-
d u c ed thed i s l i ketol on i s m orthead orati on of the f em al e an c i en tl y i n In d i a, prod u c ed thes am ei n
ou rCal v i n s an d Lu thers , of thereal n atu reof w hi c hthey m i g htb ethem s el v es u n c on s c i ou s
.
Itw i l l , perhaps , b eob jec ted tothi s , thattherei s n om oreparti c u l arac c ou n tof thed i s ti n c ti on
i n theS c ri ptu res . Bu tthec as ei n thi s res pec ti s ex ac tl y thes am eas i tw ou l d b ew i thu s , i f al l
thew ri ti n g s of ou rti m ew erel os tex c eptthes ac red on es , as w erethos eof theIs rael i tes . Bu tthe
w ors hi pof theQu een of heav en i s reprob ated m an y ti m es b y theprophets , parti c u l arl y b y J ere-
m i ah, an d thati n thes tron g es tterm s .
M y read erm u s trec ol l ec tthat, ac c ord i n g totheH i n d oo
hi s tory of therel i g i on , thef i rs tw ors hi pw as pai d toad ou b l eob jec t, an d thatthew ors hi pers w ere
af terw ard d i v i d ed i n tothos ew hoad ored the m al e an d thos ew hoad ored the f em al e pri n c i pl e .
Iti s n otori ou s , thattherearei n In d i ag reatn u m b ers of s ec ts d i v i d ed f rom eac hother, l i kethe
s ec ts of theChri s ti an s ; s om eti m es b y i m portan t, atotherti m es b y tri f l i n g an d perf ec tl y u n i m por-
tan t, d i s ti n c ti on s
.W i ththi s w el l - kn ow n f ac tb ef orethem , i ti s perf ec tl y as ton i s hi n g thatou r
In d i an phi l os ophers s hou l d ex pec ttof i n d thed i f f eren tas tron om i c al oras trol og i c al m y thos es ex -
pl ai n ed b y on ekey . T hereare, prob ab l y , g reatn u m b ers of s y s tem s , al l hav i n g , perhaps , thes am e
ki n d of f ou n d ati on , b u td i f f eri n g i n thes u pers tru c tu re . T hes y s tem of the ten ag es , w hi c hIhav e
ex pl ai n ed , i s on e ; thes y s tem of the
f ou rteen M an w an taras , i s an other .
8.Ihav eb een tol d i n repl y tom y arg u m en ts i n f av ou rof Ab raham an d hi s tri b eof Iu d ai b ei n g
Brahm i n s , thati f i tw eres o, w es hou l d f i n d them etem ps y c hos i s i n J u d ai s m . Iam read y toac -
kn ow l ed g ethatthi s s eem s af ai rob jec ti on ; b u tthi s ten etm ay hav ec on s ti tu ted partof the
es oteri c d oc tri n e, as al l eg ed b y M r .M au ri c e, 2 an d as s om eothereq u al l y i m portan td oc tri n es
appeartohav ed on e . F ori n s tan c e, thei m m ortal i ty of thes ou l i s s ol i ttl eapparen t i n theP en ta-
' Itru s t Iam w ri ti n g f or theey es of phi l os ophers , taki n g an en l arg ed an d b i rd ' s - ey ev i ew of al l s ec ts an d n ati on s ,
an d as Is hal l f av ou r
n on e, Is hal l b ef av ou red b y n on e . A f ew phi l os ophers areal l that I ev erex pec ttoread m y w ork .
I In d .An t . Vol .II .p288.
3 9 6

Dr .H y d eS hew s Ab raham toH av eBeen aBrahm i n

teu c h, thatm an y of them os tl earn ed Chri s ti an d i v i n es hav ed en i ed thati ti s thereatal l
: ag reat
Bi s hophas w ri tten
tw el v e
v ol u m es toprov ei ti s n otthere . An d Irepl y , thatw hatev erc au s ed
thec on c eal m en tof theon e, c au s ed thec on c eal m en tof theother
; or, w hatev erc au s ed theon eto
b el i ttl eapparen tc au s ed theothertob el i ttl eapparen t
.T hey arei n thei rn atu rec l os el y al l i ed .
T hem os tl earn ed of theol d J ew i s hRab b i s , an d thef i rs tan d m os tl earn ed f athers of thec hu rc h, I
s u ppos e, thou g htthatthey c ou l d s eethem i n theBi b l eas they m ai n tai n ed b oththed oc tri n es
;
w hi c hthey w ou l d s c arc el y hav ed on eu n l es s they had thou g htthey had au thori ty f orthei r
opi n i on .
Learn ed Chri s ti an d i v i n es hav ef ou n d n os m al l d i f f i c u l ty , i n thef ac tju s tn am ed , thati n the
P en tateu c htherei s n otthel eas tappearan c eof thed oc tri n eof af u tu rel i f e, orof apl ac eof pu n i s h-
m en taf terd eath .
T hec au s eof thi s i s tob ef ou n d i n thec i rc u m s tan c ethattheJ ew s s ec retl y hel d
thed oc tri n eof them etem ps y c hos i s , an d theperpetu al ren ew al of w orl d s , - d oc tri n es thou g htto
b etoos u b l i m ef orv u l g arc om prehen s i on .T hed oc tri n eof a
had es , orhel l , aros ei n ti m es l on g
af terthos eof M os es , am on g theP ers i an s , w hen thed oc tri n eof tw opri n c i pl es c am etob ef orm ed ,
an d thes u b l i m eH i n d oo tri m u rti w as f org otten . Iti s ev i d en tthatthed oc tri n eof ahel l i s q u i te
i n c on s i s ten tw i ththem etem ps y c hos i s . T hi s s i m pl ec on s i d erati on rem ov es al l Bi s hopW arb u r-
ton ' s d i f f i c u l ti es .
Atf i rs t, w hen Chri s ti an i ty w as u n s ettl ed , thetran s m i g rati on of s ou l s , an d the
m i l l en i u m , orren ew al of w orl d s , w ererec ei v ed b y theChri s ti an f athers ; b u tas them orem od ern
d oc tri n eof tw opri n c i pl es , g ood an d ev i l ,
g ai n ed g rou n d , theotherd ec l i n ed an d w as f org otten .
T hetw od oc tri n es w eretotal l y i n c om pati b l e .
T hef ai l u reof theprophec i es of them i l l en i u m
g reatl y ai d ed i n prod u c i n g thi s ef f ec t ; b u tof al l thi s Is hal l treathereaf ter .
Atf i rs ttheG n os ti c
an d M an i c hs ean d oc tri n es , w hi c hpos s es s ed m u c hs u b l i m i ty , w ere, w i thav ery tri f l i n g ex c epti on ,
u n i v ers al .
Atthatti m em an ki n d retrog rad ed rapi d l y
; an d as they b ec am ed eg rad ed , thed e-
g rad i n g d oc tri n es of theG reekan d Lati n s ec tari es prev ai l ed , ti l l thew orl d w as ov erru n w i th
T hau m atu rg i s ts an d Dev i l - d ri v ers , an d al l theab s u rd i ti es w hi c hP rotes tan ti s m has u n v ei l ed
.
9
.T hel i ken es s b etw een Ab raham an d Brahm a, an d b etw een thei rw i v es an d hi s tori es , w as ob -
s erv ed b y Dr .H y d e . In d eed i ti s s om arked , thattom i s s ob s erv i n g i ti s i m pos s i b l e . O f c ou rs e
hes u ppos es thatal l thei m m en s ef ab ri c of H i n d oos u pers ti ti on w as d eri v ed f rom the m an Ab ra-
ham
.In pal l i ati on of thi s ab s u rd i ty , i tm u s tb erec ol l ec ted thati n theti m eof H y d ethen atu reof
theH i n d oohi s tory an d rel i g i on w as n otatal l kn ow n ; b u ts eei n g thes tri ki n g s i m i l ari ty b etw een
thed oc tri n es of theH i n d oos an d thos eof theChri s ti an s an d J ew s , hepron ou n c es thatBrahm a
w as Ab raham .'
P os tel l u s , i n c om m en tari oad J ez i rah, had l on g b ef oreas s erted thes am ethi n g ,
an d thattheBrahm i n s w erethed es c en d an ts of thatpatri arc hb y hi s w i f eKetu rah, an d w eres o
c al l ed q u as i Bb rahm an es .
T hi s d oc tri n ei s s u pported b y theArab i an hi s tori an s , w hoc on ten d
thatBrahm aan d Ab raham , thei ran c es tor, arethes am epers on
. 2
Drs .H y d ean d P ri d eau x , perc ei v i n g thel i ken es s b etw een theP ers i an s an d J ew s , s u ppos ed
Z oroas tertohav eb een of theJ ew i s hrel i g i on . 3 T hey w erec ertai n l y s of arri g ht, thatthetw o
n ati on s w ereof thes am erel i g i on . Ihav eal read y ob s erv ed , thattheP ers i an s g en eral l y c al l
Ab raham Ib rahi m Z erad u s t .
H y d es ay s , P ers aru m Rel i g i oi n m u l ti s c on v en i t c u m J u d ai c d , et
m ag n d ex parteab ed d es u m pta f u i t . 4 H y d e, i n hi s f i rs tc hapter, s pew s thatthean c i en tP ers i an s
had as ac red f i re, prec i s el y thes am eas theJ ew s , f rom w hi c hi td i d n otd i f f eri n an y res pec t, an d
thattherev eren c eto, orad orati on of , thi s f i rew as ex ac tl y thes am eas thatof theJ ew s tothei rs ,
f rom w hi c h, hes ay s , theP ers i an s c opi ed i t . H eq u otes E z rav i .24 , tos hew thatCy ru s c on s i -
H y d e, H y d e, H i s t .Rel .P ers .p .3 1 .

s
M au ri c e, In d i an An ti q .Vol .II .p .29 3 .
' M au ri c e, In d .An t.Vol .II .p.123 .

* Cap .x
.P
.17 0
.
BookVIII .ChapterII
.S ec ti on 1

3 9 7
d ered therel i g i on of theJ ew s thes am eas hi s ow n .F orproof s of thetru thof thi s theory m y
read erm ay ref erb ac ktoBookII .Chap .IV.Iti s ad m i tted thatAb raham an d Brahm aarethe
s am e ; theref oretheH i n d oos m u s thav ec om ef rom Ab raham , ortheIs rael i tes f rom Brahm a .
N ow , Chri s ti an read er, l ooktotheP en tateu c h, w hi c hy ou c an n otd i s pu te, an d y ou w i l l s eethe
w hol ehi s tory of c i rc u m c i s i on , an d how an d w hy i tw as f i rs tad opted b y Ab raham f oral l hi s d e-
s c en d an ts ; an d i f theBrahm i n s had d es c en d ed f rom hi m , they w ou l d c ertai n l y hav ehad thi s ri te ;
b u ti n n opartof In d i ai s thi s ri teob s erv ed b y theBrahm i n s .T hi s aton c eprov es thatAb raham
c am ef rom theBrahm i n s , i f ei therc am ef rom theother .
S i rW .J on es , i n hi s tran s l ati on of theIn s ti tu tes of M en u , ren d ers thew ord Brahm an a i n the
s en s eof P ri es t.An d theJ es u i tRob ertd eN ob i l i b u s , i n w hathav eb een s ai d tob ehi s
f org ed
Ved as , c al l s thehi g h- pri es tof theJ ew s an d hi s as s oc i ates Y u d a- Brahm an s .' T hati s , thew ord s
b ei n g i n reg i m i n e,
Brahm i n of thehol y l e . I s u s pec tthati n m y s ti c w ord s l i keY u d a, thel as t
s y l l ab l een d i n g i n d an d av ow el , al w ay s m ean s hol y , orhas them ean i n g of theLati n Di v u s .
T heex pres s i on of theJ es u i ts hew s , thathec on s i d ered thew ord Y u d a, tob ethes am eas then am e
of thetri b eof Ab raham
.
M .H erb el ot, Bi b l i ot .O ri en t .arti c l eBeherg i r, c al l s Ab raham " u n Brahm an d el as ec te, ou d e
~ 1' ord re, d ec eu x q u i 1' on appel l eG i og hi s (Y oy g ees ) ." F rom thew ord Y og ees ou rw ord J ew s
m ay prob ab l y hav ec om e
.Ib eg theread ertopron ou n c eal ou d thew ord G i og hi s
.T heS an s c ri t
w ord Ay u d y a b ec om es i n E n g l i s h O u d e, i n J av an es e N ay u g y a, an d i n Du tc h, s ti l l m oreb arb ar-
ou s l y , Djoy u . 2 H erew earri v ev ery n earl y atthew ord s J u d ean d J ew , as i s apparen ton
pron ou n c i n g thew ord s .An d herei ti s f ou n d i n thei s l an d of J av a, them otherors i s terof the
i s l an d of Bal i , w hi c hc on tai n s apl ac ec al l ed M ad u ra- thes am eas theM u ttraof U pperIn d i a,
w herethes tatu eof Bal aRam a, an d Cri s tn a, s oof ten b ef oren oti c ed , i s f ou n d .T hei s l an d of J av a
i s thei s l an d of l eu eorJ ehov ah .
CH AP T E RII
T heDov eof theAs s y ri an s - - Bl ac kJ ew s - - - M eg as then es ' Ac c ou n tof theJ ew s
- S ol u y m i orS ol orn on s - - J u d ai s m s hew n b y E u s eb i u s tob eol d erthan Ab raham
- H el l en i s n i - - J ew i s hM y thos i n N u b i aan d In d i a- H i g hP l ac es
.
1 .W ehav es een thatthed ov ei s , i n apec u l i arm an n er, theem b l em of theIon i .W i ththi s
w ef i n d theJ ew s atal m os tperpetu al w ar .T heAs s y ri an s arec on s tan tl y d es c ri b ed i n theJ ew i s h
b ooks b y theterm s w ord of theoppres s or . In s ev eral pl ac es w herew ef i n d thi s i tou g httob e
ren d ered thes w ord of theDov e . 3 T hi s w as theem b l em , orc res t, orc oatof arm s 4
c arri ed b y
' As i at .Res . Vol .X IV .p .58 .

2
Ib i d .Vol .X III .p .3 57 .
3
J er . x x v .3 8, x l v i .16
; H os ea x i .11 ; Z eph. i i i .1 .
4 I
hav eas u s pi c i on thattheArm ori al - b eari n g c al l ed Cres t, aros ef rom b ei n g ori g i n al l y thes ec tari an b ran d orm ark
tod i s ti n g u i s hthef ol l ow ers of
thes ec tw hi c hc al l ed i ts d i v i n ei n c arn ati on , x az ' s f ox n y , theCres torBen i g n u s , as the
s ec ti n In d i ac al l ed thei rG od
Cri s tn a or
Cri s - en
.
In b oths ac red an d prof an ehi s tory w em eetw i thac c ou n ts
of
3 9 8

Bl ac kJ ew s
thef ol l ow ers of thei m ag i n ary , orat
l eas tm y s ti c al , S em i ram i s , w how as s ai d tohav eb een b orn at
orn eartheP hi l l i s ti n eIon a, - of theS em i ram a- i s i of In d i a, of
w hom Is hal l pres en tl y treat .S ee
Col
.W i l f ord ' s es s ay on S em i ram i s .'
P ers on s m ay hav ed i f f eren topi n i on s as tothec au s eof the
Dov e, orCa- pot- E s w ari b ec om i n g theem b l em of thef em al eg en erati v epow er, as al s oof theH ol y
S pi ri t, thethi rd pers on of theT ri n i ty , b u tthef ac tc an n otb ed i s pu ted
.
T heChal d ean s , orChas d i m , orCu l d ees , w erepri es ts of theAs s y ri an s , an d w ors hi pers of the
Dov eorf em al eg en erati v epow er, w hen c ethey c al l ed thei rs ac red i s l eof theW es tIon aorCo-
l u m b a, thati s , the
f em al e d ov e, n otthe m al e orCol u m b u s
.N opers on w hohas s tu d i ed the
Rom i s hH ag i og raphac an d ou b tof theori g i n of theb i s hops
Ion a an d Col u n z b a.
2.T heRev .Dr
.Cl au d i u s Bu c han an , Ib el i ev eam i s s i on ary , s om ey ears ag opu b l i s hed T rav el s
i n In d i a, i n w hi c hhes tates , thathef ou n d n ol es s than s i x ty - f i v e
s ettl em en ts of BLACK J ew s i n
d i f f eren tparts of thepen i n s u l a .
2
Iti s ag reatpi ty thatthes ed i f f eren trac es of peopl ec ou l d n ot
b eex am i n ed b y aphi l os opher
. Dr
.Bu c han an , w hof ou n d theChri s ti an s of S t .T hom as (b ef ore
they w erew hatl i ew ou l d c al l c orru pted b y
theRom i s hChu rc h)tohav eb een , an d y ettob e, c or-
rec tLam b ethChri s ti an s , n otw i ths tan d i n g thatthey rec ei v ed theG os pel of theIn f an c y , an d w ere
N es tori an s , c ou l d n otb eex pec ted tod i s c ov erm u c h .T hes e b l ac k
J ew s arerem n an ts of thes ec t
of thel ad u s , w ho, Col .W i l f ord i n f orm s u s , y etrem ai n i n G u z erat
. Iapprehen d they w erepart
of thes ec tof theLi n g a, w how ou l d n otu n i tew i th, ord i v i d ed f rom , thef ol l ow ers of thef em al e
pri n c i pl e, theArg haorIon i , orf rom thos eof thed ou b l epri n c i pl e, an d , on thatac c ou n t, w ere
pers ec u ted an d ex pel l ed , an d f rom them c am ethetri b eof Ab ram ortheBrahm i n
. If thi s w ere
thec as e, they w ou l d n ot, of c ou rs e, hav eal l theM os ai c
b ooks i n thef orm
i n w hi c hw ehav ethem ,
ex c eptthey rec ei v ed them f rom theW es t
.An d thi s s eem s rati on al l y toac c ou n tf orthepl ac es i n
S y ri ab ei n g c al l ed b y n am es of pl ac es i n In d i a
.W ekn ow how al m os tal l em i g ran ts hav e
g i v en then am es of thec ou n tri es of thei rb i rths , tothei rn ew hab i tati on s .
J erem i ahJ on es s ay s ,
" M .LaCros e, i n al etterd ated atBerl i n , the4 thof thei d es of Dec em b er,
" 17 18, s u ppos es i t(i .e.theG os pel of theIn f an c y )w ri tten b y
s om epers on w how as aN es tori an ;
"
b ec au s ei n aS y n od , c al l ed Di am peran a, hel d b y Al ex i u s d eM en ez es , Arc hb i s hopof G oa, i n the

d i oc es eof Au g am al a, i n them ou n tai n ou s c ou n try of M al ab ar, i n they earof Chri s t1559 , he

" f ou n d i tthu s c on d em n ed : ` T heb ookw hi c hi s en ti tl ed ,
O f theIn f an c y of ou rS av i ou r,
or
the
" `H i s tory of ou rLad y ,
al read y c on d em n ed b y thean c i en ts ai n ts , b ec au s ei tc on tai n s m an y
" `
b l as phem i es an d heres i es , an d m an y f ab u l ou s s tori es w i thou tf ou n d ati on , ' & c . In s tan c es of
s u d d en pan i c s , oral arm s hav i n g s ei z ed l arg eb od i es of m en
.T hatof Bren n u s theCel t, ou rb arb ari an an c es tor, w as
ac c om pan i ed b y ac i rc u m s tan c ew hi c happears tri f l i n g , b u tw hi c hex hi b i ts aproof of theg reatan ti q u i ty of ou rprac ti c e
of b eari n g d ev i c es orc oats of arm s
.N i m rod , Vol .I
.P
.17 8, s u p .E d .s ay s , " T hec on f u s i on f el l u pon thearm y atthe
"
c l os i n g i n of theev en i n g , an d atf i rs taf ew on l y w erec on f ou n d ed i n m i n d , w hoi m ag i n ed they heard thetram pof

hors es , an d theon s etof s om een em y .An d i n al i ttl eti m ethi s al i en ati on pos s es s ed them i n d s of them al l
.An d
taki n g u parm s , an d d i v i d i n g am on g them s el v es , they m u tu al l y d es troy ed on ean other, n ol on g eru n d ers tan d i n g thei r
"
ow n n ati v eton g u e, n ory etrec og n i z i n g thec ou n ten an c es of eac hother,
N O RT H E DE VICE S O N T H E IRS H IE LDS ."
T heAs s y ri an s al w ay s c arri ed f orthei rs tan d ard orc oatof arm s
ad ov e ; theRom an s an eag l e .O n thekey - s ton e
ov erthei n n eren tran c eof theAm phi theatreof Veron ai s as hi el d b eari n g ac ros s , ev i d en tl y c oev al w i ththeb u i l d i n g ,
thu s - 7 .
S eeal s oN i m rod , Vol .II
.P
.27 3 .
In .
s c hy l u s ' s trag ed y of theS ev en Chi ef s ag ai n s tT heb es , thes hi el d s of s i x of them arec harg ed w i thArm ori al -
b eari n g s , ex pres s i v eof thei rc harac ters , an d as reg u l aru s i f they had b een m ars hal l ed b y aheral d atarm s .P otters ay s ,
"
T hei m pres s es ared ev i s ed w i thaf i n ei m ag i n ati on an d w on d erf u l propri ety
." Bu thehas om i tted torem arkthat
ev en them ottoi s n otw an ti n g .O n on ew as i n s c ri b ed thew ord s I
W ILLF IRE T H E CIT Y . T hes i eg eof T roy , i f i tev er
tookpl ac e, w as as pec i es of c ru s ad e
.O n thean ti q u i ty of arm ori al - b eari n g s M on s .G i b el i n m ay b ec on s u l ted .
I As i at.Res .Vol
.IV .
P P
.3 7 0, & c .

2 Chri s t
.Res .p .226 , E d .1819 .
BookVIII .ChapterI .S ec ti on 1

3 9 9
' ~ w hi c hareprod u c ed i n thatS y n od , thes am eas arei n Dr .S y kes ' s G os pel
; an d i ti s theres ai d ,
"
thati tw as c om m on l y read am on g theN es tori an s i n M al ab ar
."
F rom an ob s erv ati on w hi c hM r
.J on es has m ad eres pec ti n g theM arc os i an s , ab ran c hof the
G n os ti c s , an d res pec ti n g apas s ag eof Irem eu s , al read y n oti c ed , Ithi n ki ti s u n q u es ti on ab l ethat
theG os pel of theIn f an c y ex i s ted i n thes ec on d c en tu ry
.T herei s al s oex i s ti n g partof ag os pel
c al l ed theG os pel of S t
.T hom as , w hi c hi s ev i d en tl y taken f rom thes am es ou rc eas thatof the
In f an c y , ' an d S t
.T hom as i s s ai d tohav ei n s tru c ted theIn d i an s
.T heex trac tf rom J on es s kew s ,
thati f w hatBu c han an s ay s b etru e, thattheopi n i on s of theM al ab arChri s ti an s arethes am eas
thepres en tE n g l i s hP rotes tan ts , they m u s thav es u rpri s i n g l y c han g ed s i n c ethearri v al am on g
them of theP ortu g u es e
.Its eem s rem arkab l e, thattheP ortu g u es eP api s ts s hou l d hav ec on v erted
thes eN es tori an s i n toP rotes tan ts
!
Iti s tom eu tterl y i n c red i b l ethatan y tri b eof peopl e, ex i s ti n g as atri b e, s hou l d ex i s t
as M os ai c
J ew s w i thou ttheP en tateu c h
; b ec au s etheP en tateu c hf orm s thei rb on d of u n i on
. Iti s n oton l y
thei rrel i g i ou s , b u ti ti s thei rc i v i l c od e, w hi c hreg u l ates thed ec i s i on s of thei rju d g es i n d i s pu tes
ab ou tthec om m on af f ai rs of l i f e .
If they ev erw ereJ ew s they m u s ton c ehav epos s es s ed the
P en tateu c h, an d they m u s thav el os ti t, w hi c hs eem s i n c red i b l e, w hen i tm u s tal w ay s hav eb een i n
d ai l y u s eb y theju d g es
.Ib el i ev ethec as etob ethi s , thatthey w eretri b es of J ou d i orY ad u ,
w hi c hw eres pared w hen oppos i n g s ec ts g ottheb etterof them i n thew ars of theM aha- b harat,
an d w erel ef ti n apooran d m i s erab l es tate, w i thou tb ooks orl i teratu re, - s pared , i n f ac t, f rom
m erec on tem pt, b ei n g tool ow toex c i tef earoran g er
; thati n the, c ou rs eof m an y g en erati on s thei r
ori g i n w as f org otten , an d m eeti n g w i thJ ew s f rom theW es t, an d c om pari n g n otes , they f ou n d a
n earrel ati on s hi p, an d ac c ou n ted f ori tb y s u ppos i n g thatthey m u s thav ec om ef rom W es tern
S y ri a, i n c on s eq u en c eof therev ol u ti on s w hi c hhad taken pl ac ethere
. T hei rreal hi s tory , i n tw o
thou s an d y ears an d u pw ard s , m i g htw el l b ef org otten
.T hean c i en tc i v i l - rel i g i ou s w ars of In d i a
arerec ord ed i n theb ooks of theBrahm i n s , b u tthey aretotal l y f org otten am on g them as s of the
peopl e .
F rom theac c ou n ts g i v en b y Dr
.Bu c han an of the b l ac k
tri b es , s om eof them hav i n g P en tateu c h$ ,
an d others n othav i n g them ;
an d of thos ew hohav ethem , hav i n g ob tai n ed them f rom thew hi te
tri b es , i ts eem s prob ab l ethatthey arei n d eb ted f orthem s ol el y tothew hi tetri b es
.T hi s w i l l ex ac tl y
ag ree, as m i g htb eex pec ted , w i thm y theory , i f i ts hou l d tu rn ou ttob etru e
; b ec au s ethe a7 ros x os
or g oi n g
ou t
of thetri b eof J u d i orl ou d i f rom In d i a, i n al l prob ab i l i ty , m u s thav etaken pl ac eb e-
f oreM os es l i v ed , an d b ef orehepartl y w rote, an d partl y c om pi l ed orc ol l ec ted , thetrac ts i n tow hat
w en ow c al l theP en tateu c h . In al l prob ab i l i ty thef i rs tb ooks of G en es i s w ereb rou g htf rom In d i a
w i ththetri b e- w i thAb raham ortheBrahm i n
.
T hem oreIm ed i tateon theex traord i n ary f ac ts tated b y Bu c han an , thattherearem an y b l ac k
tri b es of w hatarec al l ed i n ou rl an g u ag e J ew s , b u tev i d en tl y tri b es of l ou d i , i n d i f f eren tparts of
In d i a, w hohav en ottheP en tateu c hof M os es , them oreex traord i n ary an d i m portan ti tappears .
2
T heP en tateu c hi s thec i v i l l aw of theJ ew s .By w hatl aw d othes etri b es g ov ern them s el v es ? Is i t
b y trad i ti on ?
If they b eJ ew s , they m u s tb ed es c en d an ts of J ac ob orAb raham , w hi c hb ran c hed
of f b ef orethel aw w as g i v en
; an d i f thei rl aw b ev ery s i m i l artothatof thepres en tl ou d i , i tw i l l
prov e, w hati n d eed s eem s pretty c l earw i thou ti t, thatM os es ad opted , i n tohi s w ri tten l aw , m an y
of theol d l aw s w hi c hhi s tri b ehad b ef ore
.
E u s eb i u s , i n hi s Chron i c on , s ay s , that E thi opi an s c om i n g f rom theIn d u s orb l ac kri v ers ettl ed
n earE g y pt
.T heres eem s tob en othi n g i m prob ab l ei n thes eE thi opi an s b ei n g thetri b eof J ew s -
I Vi d eJ .J on es , Vol .II.P arti i i .Ch .x x i v .

2 J es u s w as aJ ew , i n Ital y b l ac k
.
4 00 M eg as then es ' Ac c ou n tof the J ew s
thetri b eof J ac ob orIs rael . Ithi n kthes eE thi opi an s d i d c om eu n d erJ ac ob , an d d i d s ettl ei n
G os hen , an d g av ethen am es of M atu reaan d Av ari s tothec i ty i n w hi c hthey d w el t . Av ari i n
H eb rew w ou l d b eas of ten w ri tten P i n y ob ri , orthec i ty of theH eb rew s orF orei g n ers .
Itc an s c arc el y b em ai n tai n ed thatthepl ac es i n E g y ptw hi c hhav en am es c on n ec ted w i ththe
w ord J u d ahc an hav eb een c al l ed , i n thatearl y d ay , f rom thattri b eof theJ ew s ; b u ti f i tb e, I
then as k, how then am eof S ol om on , w hi c hi s f ou n d i n thed es ertof S ol y m e, & c ., i s tob eac -
c ou n ted f or? T aken tog ether, thetw oex hi b i ttheg en eral J u d aean m y thos , i n d epen d en tl y of the
tri b eof J ac ob orIs rael .'
E u s eb i u s ' s as s erti on , i n hi s Chron i c on , (b y S c al i g er, )thatab ou tthey earB .C .157 5, atri b eof
" E thi opi an s c am ef rom theri v erIn d u s an d en c am ped an d s ettl ed d earE g y pt, " i s b u tal oos eki n d
of i n f orm ati on , an d theref orec an b el i ttl ed epen d ed on
; b u tas hef i x es them toab ou ttheti m e
w hen theJ ew s areg en eral l y s u ppos ed tohav ec om e, i tratherten d s toc on f i rm m y i d ea, thou g hI
pay l i ttl eatten ti on tothed ates
.
Iti s n oti m pos s i b l ethat, w i thou tkn ow i n g i t, hem ay al l u d eto
theJ ew i s htri b e .Bu ti f thi s ev i d en c eb eon l y w eak, Iw i l l n ow prod u c ew hatw i l l n otb eeas i l y
ov erthrow n .
3
.M eg as then es , w how as s en ttoIn d i ab y S el eu c u s N i c ator, ab ou tthreehu n d red y ears
b ef oreChri s t, an d w hos eac c ou n ts f rom n ew i n q u i ri es areev ery d ay ac q u i ri n g ad d i ti on al c red i t,
2
i n av ery rem arkab l em an n erc on f i rm s m
y hy pothes i s of theJ ew s ' c om i n g f rom In d i a
.H es ay s ,
T hatthey w erean In d i an tri b eors ec t c al l ed Kal an i , an d thatthei rtheol og y has ag reatres em -
b l an c etothatof theIn d i an s
.' T hed i s c ov ery of thi s pas s ag e, af terIhad w ri tten w hattheread er
has read res pec ti n g theJ ew s , g av em en ol i ttl epl eas u re, b ec au s ei t
ALM O S T prov es thetru thof m y
theory , an d i s v ery d i f f eren tf rom f ou n d i n g m y theory u pon i t
. Iw i l l n ow prod u c ean otherproof ,
i f rec ord s b y
u n w i l l i n g w i tn es s es
areproof s , f orJ os ephu s i s an u n w i l l i n g w i tn es s .
Ari s totl eg av ean ac c ou n tof theJ ew s thatthey c am ef rom theIn d i an phi l os ophers , an d that
they w erec al l ed b y theIn d i an s Cal atn i , an d b y theS y ri an s J u d aei
. 4 1thi n kf ew pers on s w i l l
d ou b tthattheCal am i herearetheCal an i of M eg as then es , on eof thetw ob ei n g m i s c al l ed
. W e
hav es een aCal an i i n Cey l on , w herew ef ou n d aZ i on , Ad am ' s f oot, M ou n tArarat, an d Col u m b o,
& c
., an d i n G en .x .10, an d Am os .v i
.2, aCal n ehorCal an i i s al s on am ed .
G al e' has ob s erv ed , thatthei n f orm ati on of M eg as then es i s c on f i rm ed b y Cl earc hu s , theP eri -
pateti c .
Ithi n ki n thi s q u es ti on thes eG rec i an au thori ti es c on s ti tu teg ood ev i d en c e .T hu s f or
m y hy pothes i s w ehav eas g ood w ri tten ev i d en c eas c an b eex pec ted
.
W ew i l l pres en tl y try to
c on f i rm i tb y c i rc u m s tan c es .
Res pec ti n g M eg as then es , Col .W i l f ord s ay s , "
M eg as then es , am an of n oord i n ary ab i l i ti es , w ho
" had s pen ttheg reates tpartof hi s l i f ei n In d i a, i n apu b l i c c harac ter, an d w as w el l ac q u ai n ted
" w i ththec hron ol og i c al s y s tem s of theE g y ti an s , Chal d ean s an d J ew s ,
6
m ad eparti c u l ari n q u i ri es
" i n tothei rhi s tory ,
an d d ec l ared , ac c ord i n g toCl em en tof Al ex an d ri a, thattheH i n d oos an d J ew s
"
w eretheon l y peopl ew hohad atru ei d eaof thec reati on of thew orl d , an d theb eg i n n i n g of
" thi n g s
." ' F rom thes ec i rc u m s tan c es Col
.W i l f ord d raw s thec on c l u s i on , " thattherew as an
" ob v i ou s af f i n i ty b etw een thec hron ol og i c al s y s tem s of theH i n d u s an d theJ ew s
." 8 An d they
hav ean ob v i ou s ten d en c y tos u pportm y theory of theori g i n of theJ ew i s htri b e
.
In af orm erpartof thi s w ork, Ihav en oti c ed theas s erti on of M eg as then es , thattheJ ew s an d
In theM apof An ti s ' s E g y pti s ahi l l n earM atu reac al l ed T el - el - Ihu d i eh, orJ ew ry ' s hi l l
.
4
Vi d eLem pri ere' s Cl as s .Di et
.ed . 1828.

3
Vol n ey ' s Res earc hes , An c .H i s t . Vol .II .p .3 9 5
.
4 J os ephu s ad v
.Api on , B .I .
S ec t.
22, p .214
.

' Cou rtof G en t . Vol

.II.
P .
7 5 .
6
S eeAs i at.Res .
Vol .V .p .29 0 .

7
Ib i d .Vol
.X .P .118 .

s Ib i d .p .24 2 .
BookVIII .ChapterII
.S ec ti on 4

4 01
In d i an s w eretheon l y peopl ew hohad atru en oti on of c hron ol og y , an d Ihav eal s om os tc l earl y
prov ed thatw hathes ai d w as tru e, or, atl eas t, thatthei rc hron ol og i es w erethes am e .
If Ihad d es i red toi n v en tapi ec eof ev i d en c ei n c on f i rm ati on of w hatIhav es ai d res pec ti n g the
em i g rati on of theIs rael i ti s htri b ef rom In d i atoS y ri a, Ic ou l d n othav ehad an y thi n g b etterthan
thef ol l ow i n g pas s ag ef rom Col .W i l f ord .T heZ oharM an as s c , w hi c htheread erw i l l f i n d n am ed ,
c an n ot, i n thi s c as e, b ed i s pu ted as ev i d en c eof thean c i en t, prob ab l y thes ec retores oteri c , opi n i on
of theJ ew s .T he s ev en
earths on eab ov ean otheri s ac i rc u m s tan c es ototal l y i n appl i c ab l etoJ e-
ru s al em , an d s oc l earl y H i n d oo, thatthei d en ti ty of thetw oc an n otb em i s taken .
W i l f ord s ay s ,
"
M eru w i thi ts threepeaks on thes u m m i t, an d i ts s ev en s teps , i n c l u d es an d
"
en c om pas s es real l y thew hol ew orl d , ac c ord i n g tothen oti on s of theH i n d oos an d othern ati on s ,
"
prev i ou s l y tothei rb ei n g ac q u ai n ted w i ththeg l ob u l ars hapeof theearth
.Im en ti on ed i n the
tQ
f i rs tpartthattheJ ew s w ereac q u ai n ted w i ththes ev en s tag es , Z on es orDw i pas of theH i n d u s
' ~ b u tIhav es i n c ed i s c ov ered ac u ri ou s pas s ag ef rom theZ oharM an as s eon thec reati on , as c i ted
~ ~ b y Bas n ag ei n hi s hi s tory of theJ ew s .' `
T hereare, ' s ay s theau thor, '
s ev en earths , w hereof on e
~ ~ `
i s hi g herthan theother, f orJ u d aeai s s i tu ated u pon thehi g hes tearth, an d J eru s al em u pon the
" ' hi g hes tm ou n tai n of J u d aea
.' T hi s i s theH i l l of G od , s oof ten m en ti on ed i n theO l d T es ta-
G 0
m en t, them ou n tof thec on g reg ati on w herethem i g hty ki n g s i ts i n thes i d es of then orth, ac -
"
c ord i n g toIs ai ah, an d therei s thec i ty of ou rG od
.T he
M eru of the H i n d u s has then am eof
" S ab ha,
orthec on g reg ati on , an d theG od s ares eated u pon i ti n thes i d es of then orth
.T here
"
i s thehol y c i ty of Brahm a- pu ri , w hereres i d es Brahm aw i thhi s c ou rt, i i i them os tpu rean d hol y
"
l an d of Il av ratta ." 2 T heJ u d aeaorl ou d - i aan d J eru s al em n am ed ab ov e, areev i d en tl y c om pared
totheN orth- pol ean d M ou n tM eru , w hi c hi s thu s c al l ed thepl ac eof Iou d i
.W es hal l pres en tl y
f i n d that, w i ththeArab i an s , theP ol e- s tarw as c al l ed thes tarof Iou d i
.T hef ol l ow i n g pas s ag es
f rom theBi b l earev ery s tri ki n g
"
Beau ti f u l f ors i tu ati on , thejoy of thew hol eearth, i s m ou n tZ i on , on thes i d es of then orth, the
" c i ty of theg reatki n g ." 3 " T hem ou n tai n of thehou s eof theLord s hal l b ees tab l i s hed i n thetopof
"
them ou n tai n s ." 4 " T hen S ol om on b eg an tob u i l d thehou s eof theLord atJ eru s al em i n m ou n t
" M ori ah, w heretheLord appeared u n toDav i d hi s f ather ."
5
"
F orthou has ts ai d i n thi n eheart, I
G 0
w i l l as c en d i n toheav en , Iw i l l ex al tm y thron eab ov ethes tars of G od :
Iw i l l s i tal s ou pon the
" m ou n tof thec on g reg ati on , i n thes i d es of then orth ."
e
" Iw i l l d w el l i n them i d s tof J eru s al em
" an d J eru s al em s hal l b ec al l ed ac i ty of tru th
; an d them ou n tai n of theLord of H os ts , thehol y
" m ou n tai n
." ' W hen w ec on s i d erthatou rBi b l ei s m erel y thes ac red w ri ti n g s of thetem pl eu pon
thi s m ou n tai n , of S i on orM ori ah, orM eru , theex ag g erati on ab ov ei s on l y w hatw em i g htex pec t
tof i n d i n them
. T hu s theIn d i an s s ay thes am eof thei rM eru
.Ithi n ki tprob ab l ethatal l thes e
m ou n ts w erei m i tati v eof theH eav en l y J eru s al em , d es c ri b ed i n thel as ttw oc hapters of thev ery
an c i en tw orkc al l ed theApoc al y ps e .
4
.Ithi n ki f m y read erw i l l l ookb ac ktotheprec ed i n g pag es , hew i l l n ow ob s erv es ev eral c i r-
c u m s tan c es , parti c u l arl y res pec ti n g theS ol y m i , w hi c hw i l l ten d s tron g l y toc on f i rm an opi n i on to
w hi c hIhav ec om eaf terthem os tpati en ti n v es ti g ati on , thattheIs rael i tes w ereon eof thetri b es
w hi c hem i g rated f rom thec ou n try of theAf g han s orRajpou ts , thati s , f rom theE as t, toav oi d
pers ec u ti on
.T hi s i s , i n d eed , i n s u b s tan c etheac c ou n tg i v en b y M os es
.T hey w ere, i n f ac t, a
s ec tw hi c hw ors hi ped them al eg en erati v epri n c i pl ei n oppos i ti on tothef em al e
.T hec i rc u m -
' E n g .T raps p
.24 7 .
s
As i at .Res .Vol .X .p
.128, Vol .VIII
.285
; 2Chron .i i i . 1, Is ai ahx i v .13 , P s al m x l v i i i
.2 .
3
P s al m x l v i i i .2 .

' M i c ahi v .1 .

' 2Chron .i i i .1 .

6 Is ai ahx i v .13 .

7
Z ec h.v i i i
.3 .
4 02

J u d ai s m S hew n By E u s eb i u s toBeO l d erT han Ab raham

s tan c es rel ati n g tothec i ty of J eru s al em an d theS ol y m i w i l l b ef ou n d tob ev ery s tri ki n g , an d w i l l
s hew c l earl y w hy w em eetw i thaM ou n tS i on i n In d i a, an d w i than otheri n S y ri a .Bu tthou g hI
thi n kattac hm en ttothead orati on of theM al epri n c i pl e, oratl eas tthed ou b l epri n c i pl e, i n oppo-
s i ti on tothef em al es i n g l y , ortoIon i s m orH el l en i s m , w as on ereas on f orthei rem i g rati on , Ial s o
thi n ki tprob ab l ethatd i s l i ketothead orati on of theBu l l w as an other
.If S ol om on , of S y ri a,
T H E
w Is E ,
w ereaBu d d ha, on eof thef ou rteen S ol y m i , orf ou rteen M en u s , orf ou rteen M aha- b ad s , al l
s u ppos ed tob ei n c arn ati on s of d i v i n ew i s d om , w es eew hy hew as s oc el eb rated f orthatv i rtu e
.
H ew as thes on of thes hepherd `1n d u d , ' w how as thes on of
' u " i s i , w how as thes on of - i m p
O u b d.
Ithi n k Du d
w as ac orru pti on of Y u d ,
as Iac c hu s b ec am eBac c hu s , E i on eu s Dei on eu s ,
Z eu s Deu s , Z an c l eDan c l e, orDan c l eZ an c l e . 2
' w '
i s i ,
i s them al eIs i s of In d i a,
g u l p
O u b d i s
(S y ri ac e) O had
orA- b ad , i .e.theBu d d ha .
" T heP ers i an s had ati tl e, S ol i m an , eq u i v al en ttotheG reekAi oaog , an d i m pl y i n g u n i v ers al
" c os m oc rator, q u ' i l s
on tc ru pos s ed er1' em pi reu n i v ers el d etou tel aterre, an d T ham u rathas pi red
" tothi s ran k ; b u tthed i v i n eArg en g , i n w hos eg al l ery w erethes tatu es of thes ev en ty - tw oS ol i -
"
m an s , c on ten d ed w i thhi m f orthes u prem ac y
.T hi s Arg en g w as thehead of thel eag u eof
" Ag y ei oj, an d then u m b er7 2, i s thatof theki n g s s u b jec ttotheki n g of ki n g s ." 3
T hehi s tory of S ol om on b ears av ery m y thol og i c al appearan c e, w hi c hi s m u c hc on f i rm ed b y a
pas s ag ei n S trab o, 4 w hoas s erts , thatb othS y ri aan d P hoen i c i ahad thei rn am es f rom In d i a .H e
s ay s , s peaki n g of thei rru pti on of theG reeks of theS el eu c i d ae, i n toIn d i a, " T hes es am eG reeks

s u b ju g ated thec ou n try as f aras theterri tory of theS y ri an d P han n i ." Cas au b on s u ppos ed the
P han n on of S trab otom ean P hoi n i c on , an d s oc orrec ted i t .
5
T hi s s hew s thattherew eren ati on s
of thes en am es i n In d i a, w hi c hc ou l d n otb ev ery f arf rom thepen i n s u l aof S aw ras tren eorS y ras -
tren e :
6
orperhaps Rajahpou tan aorAf g han i s tan .
T hew ord Rajahpou tan a, Ithi n k, i s Rajah- pou t- tan a, orthreew ord s w hi c hm ean thec ou n try of
theroy al Bu d d ha- P ou t b ei n g on e of then am es of Bu d d ha.T hatRajahi s roy al I s hal l s hew b y
an d b y . O f Af g han Ic an m aken othi n g
; b u ti n thetrav el s of Ib n Batu tatherei s apl ac em en -
ti on ed , n earDel hi , c al l ed Af g han poor .
5
.T hef ol l ow i n g pas s ag eId i d n otn oti c eti l l Ihad w ri tten thew hol ew hi c htheread erhas s een
res pec ti n g thetri b eof Iu d ai
.Ic on s i d erthi s
u n d erthes ec i rc u m s tan c es
as v ery v al u ab l ec i rc u m -
s tan ti al ev i d en c e
.T hi s ki n d of c oi n c i d en c eIv al u em orethan d i rec tau thori ti es . " S om eof the

an c i en tf athers , f rom term s i l l - u n d ers tood , d i v i d ed thef i rs tag es i n tothreeorm oreepoc has , an d
" hav ed i s ti n g u i s hed them b y as m an y c harac teri s ti c s
: Baq g g a~ of l og ,
Barb ari s m u s , w hi c hi s s u p-
"
pos ed tohav eprec ed ed thef l ood
; Z x u 0i 6 og ,
S c y thi s m u s , of w hi c hIhav eb een s peaki n g
; an d
1 Ru thi v .22.
s " In T hes s al y they hav eaprac ti c eof pref i x i n g a g b ef oretheori g i n al n am e, w hi c hi s pron ou n c ed V ; as g ' O thry ,

f orO thry s ; an d S ' Al os f orAl os ." (Cl arke' s T rav el s , Vol .IV .p .256 , 4 to .) T heb es , b y then ati v es of Leb ad ea, i s
c al l ed T hi v a .(Ib i d .p .215 .) " T hu s w ehav ethei n i ti al d i g am m ai n w rec k, b reak, f rom pjc c m ." (Ib i d .p
.16 0.)
T hes ec han g es aren otg reaterthan i u d to d u d or d i u d . Bes i d es Dav i d w as am an af terG od ' s ow n hearttod ohi s w i l l ,
an d m i g htb ec al l ed S t .Dav i d .T hi s w ou l d b ei n theol d l an g u ag e Di - u d . T hew ord ad or od i s thec om m on n am eof
G od orem i n en tpers on am on g theRajab poots ; thi s had thev ery s am ei m portam on g theol d S y ri an s an d As s y ri an s
.
Ad od u s i s c al l ed ki n g of G od s .Cu m b erl an d s ay s , " F oras M ac rob i u s (S atu rn al .I.Cap .x x x i .)hathi n f orm ed u s ,
" Ad ad s i g n i f i es am on g the As s y ri an s the O N E E M IN E N T LY , an d theref orem ay w el l b etheti tl eof am on arc h, ors i n g l e
" s ov erei g n , an d of thes u n , thei rd ei ty .H i therb el on g s al s oJ os ephu s ' s ob s erv ati on f rom theDam as c en u s , thatthe
" ten s u c c es s i on s f rom H ad ad - ez er i n S y ri atookal l of them theti tl eof H ad ad ." (O ri g i n .G en t .pp .17 0, 17 1, 17 2,
23 5, 23 6 .
3 S eeH erb el oti n v oc eS ol i m an
; N i m rod , Vol .III .p .12 .

4 VO LIV
.
I As i at .S oc .Vol .I.p .3 3 5.

6 Ib i d .3 3 6 .
BookVIII
.ChapterII
.S ec ti on 7

4 03
" `E a~ ~ v ta os ,
H el l en i s m u s , ortheG rec i an peri od
; thi s l as tm u s tappearas ex traord i n ary as an y .
"
F orhow w as i tpos s i b l ef oran H el l en i c s eratohav eex i s ted b ef orethen am eof H el l as w as
kn ow n , orthen ati on i n b ei n g ? " Is u ppos etheread er, af terhav i n g read w hatIhav es ai d re-
l ati n g totheIon i an s , d oes n otreq u i rean an s w ertotheq u es ti on
.T othi s M r .Bry an tad d s i n a
n ote, - At8e T w v ai eea - ew v 7 raa- w y pt7 )T eg eg T o x at w g w x g i T ot x at
ov o as oteta - W av rat, Bag g a-
Qtaaos , 2; x v O ta- p
.os , `E ? a7 v toaog , I8Bai o- [ w os ' - 11 In l i kem an n eraf ou rthheres y i s s u ppos ed to
" hav eari s en , s ty l ed J U DAIS M U S , BE F O RE T H E T IM E O F E IT H E RJ E W S O RIS RAE LIT E S ." 2
H erethe
tri b eof Y ad u , orJ u d ai , orLou d , of w hi c hIhav etreated , i s ev i d en t, w hi c hthes ef athers c ou l d n ot
hel ps eei n g , b u tof w hi c hthey c ou l d n otu n d ers tan d theori g i n orm ean i n g .
6 .T heex i s ten c eof theIon i an orH el l en i s ti c heres y , as w el l as i ts an ti q u i ty , i s c l earl y rec og -
n i z ed b y s ev eral of thef athers . E u s eb i u s
3 s ay s , Y s g aX ,
`S ts
7 rg w ros ri pE aro T e `
% % % Y ta- e
S eru g w as thef i rs tw hoi n trod u c ed thef al s ew ors hi pc al l ed H el l en i s m u s
.E pi phan i u s s ay s , 4
P ay s y ev v a T oy y ep, 3 X , x au ~ p~ aroc i g av AQw 7 res ~ s 2om x otrg es a T e, x at o
`E ? 9 l v ta- o9 -
Rag em orRag an had f orhi s s on S eru c h, w hen i d ol atry an d H el l en i s m u s f i rs tb eg an am on g m en .
J ohan n es An ti oc hen u s s ty l es thepeopl eof M i d i an , H el l en es , an d s peaki n g of M os es , w hom arri ed
thed au g hterof J ethro, theCu thi te, thec hi ef pri es tof M i d i an , herepres en ts thew om an
5
' 7 110
5u y aT epa
W oe
T a ag X teg ew g T w v
`E ? ., v w y , as thed au g hterof J other, thehi g h- pri es tof the
H el l en es .T hei n trod u c ti on orad opti on of H el l en i s m orIon i s m b y S eru g , s ev eral g en erati on s b e-
f oreAb raham , i s as m u c hi n f av ou rof m y hy pothes i s as an y thi n g c an b e .
Apol l od oru s 6 s ay s , H el l en w as thef i rs tb orn of Deu c al i on b y P y rrha ; thou g hs om em akehi m
thes on of J ov eorDi os .T herew as al s oad au g hterP rotog en ei a, s on am ed f rom b ei n g thef i rs t-
b orn of w om en .M an etho 7 s ay s , thatthel earn i n g of E g y ptw as s ty l ed H el l en i c , f rom theH el -
l en i c s hepherd s , an d thean c i en ttheol og y of thec ou n try w as d es c ri b ed i n theH el l en i c c harac ter
an d l an g u ag e .T hi s theol og y w as s ai d tob ed eri v ed f rom Ag athod aem on , b y S y n c el l u s . 9 T hes e
H el l en i c s hepherd s , Is u ppos e, w eretheP al l es ti n i orP al l i , w hom w em eetw i thi n m an y pl ac es ,
an d w hom , i n S y ri a, w ec al l P hi l i s ti n es .Bu tw hatw eretheH el l en i c c harac teran d l an g u ag e
?
Id on otkn ow . S c arc el y an y q u es ti on i s m ored i f f i c u l ttoan s w er(w hen al l thec i rc u m s tan c es are
c on s i d ered ) ; b u ty etIthi n ki tw as prob ab l y on l y as i x teen - l etters y s tem .
7 . M r.F ran kl i n s ay s , " An others tri ki n g i n s tan c ei s rec ord ed b y thev ery i n tel l i g en ttrav el l er

(W i l s on )reg ard i n g arepres en tati on of thef al l of ou rf i rs tparen ts , s c u l ptu red i n them ag n i f i c en t

" tem pl eof Ips am b u l i n N u b i a .H es ay s thatav ery ex ac trepres en tati on of Ad am an d E v ei n
theG ard en of E d en i s tob es een i n thatc av e, an d thatthes erpen tc l i m b i n g rou n d thetreei s
" es pec i al l y d el i n eated , an d thew hol es u b jec tof thetem pti n g of ou rf i rs tparen ts m os tac c u ratel y
"
ex hi b i ted ." 9
H ow i s thef ac tof theM y thos of thes ec on d b ookof G en es i s b ei n g f ou n d i n
N u b i a, prob ab l y athou s an d m i l es ab ov eH el i opol i s , tob eac c ou n ted f or, ex c eptthati tc am ef rom
U pperIn d i aw i ththef i rs tBu d d hi s ts orG y m n os ophi s ts
?
T herethey w eref ou n d b y Cl em en s
Al ex an d ri n u s , an d therethey f ou n d ed aM eru , n ow c al l ed M eroe
.T hes am eM y thos i s f ou n d i n
In d i a .
Col
.T od s ay s , " Ad raw i n g , b rou g htb y Col on el Coom b s , f rom as c u l ptu red c ol u m n i n a
"
c av e- tem pl ei n theS ou thof In d i a, repres en ts thef i rs tpai ratthef ootof theam b ros i al tree, an d
Chron .P as c hal l .p.23 ; E pi phan .Li b .i .p
.9 ; E u s eb .Chron .p.13
.

' Bry an t' s An al .Vol .111 .p .151 .

3 Chron .p .13
.

4 H aeres .Li b .i
.Cap.v i
.P . 7 .

s
P p
.7 6 , 7 7
.

6
Li b .i
.p
.20.
7
Ap .E u s eb
.Chron .p.6 .

8
P .4 0 ; B ry an t .An al
.An c .M y th .Vol .111 .p .157 .
9 O n Bu d d hi s ts an d J ey n es , p .127 ,
N ote .
4 04
H i g hP l ac es
~ as erpen ten tw i n ed am on g theheav i l y - l ad en b ou g hs , pres en ti n g tothem s om eof thef ru i tf rom
~ ~ hi s m ou th
.
T hetem pterappears tob eatthatpartof hi s d i s c ou rs e, w hen

hi s w ord s , repl etew i thg u i l e,

In toherheart
too eas y en tran c ew on
F i x ed on thef ru i ts heg az ed .'
~ ~ T hi s i s ac u ri ou s s u b jec ttob een g rav ed on an an c i en tP ag an tem pl e :
i f J ai n orBu d d hi s t, the
~ Q
i n teres tw ou l d b ec on s i d erab l y en han c ed
. 1
N od ou b ti tw ou l d b een han c ed , b u tn otIthi n k
s om u c has theCol on el apprehen d s
. T hes am em y thos , as theRom i s hDr
.G ed d es c al l s G en es i s ,
i s attheb ottom of therel i g i on s of M os es , In d i a, an d E g y pt, w i ths u c hs m al l v ari ati on s on l y as
ti m ean d c i rc u m s tan c em ay b eex pec ted toprod u c e
.
W ew i l l n otf org etthi s m y thos , w hen w e
treat, i n af u tu reb ook, of therel i g i on of S ou thIn d i a
.
Iti s them y thos w hi c hw ehav eju s tn ow
n oti c ed i n U pperE g y pt
.In m y pl ates , f i g
.27 , m ay b es een ac opy of on eof theg rou ps of f i g u res
i n M on tf au c on
.
H ow ev eri tm ay d i f f er, c an an y on ed ou b tthati ti s al l u s i v etotheP en tateu c hi an
orM os ai c m y thos ? S eeal s of i g
.16 .
8
.Al thou g hS i on orM ori ab , ortheS y ri an M eru , w as ahi g h- pl ac e, y etw ef i n d hi g h- pl ac es
ev ery w herereprob ated i n theO l d T es tam en t, i n them os tpoi n ted term s
.
T hi s i s b ec au s ethey
had b ec om ei n apec u l i arm an n erd ed i c ated i n thes ec ou n tri es totheIon i c w ors hi p- tol on i s m or
H el l en i s m
.T hi s i s prov ed b y then am eg i v en them b y theLX X
.- w ov ei ov , Lu pan ar .T hi s
ag ai n c on f i rm s w hatIhav es ai d res pec ti n g theJ ew s b ei n g attac hed totheex c l u s i v e
m al e
g en e-
rati v epow er
.In thes epl ac es , c al l ed i ropv s s a,
they had c el l s orad y taw hi c htheG reeks c al l ed
N ai d a, w herethes ec retan d l i c en ti ou s ri tes of theIon i c w ors hi pw erec el eb rated
.Ihav eb ef ore
ob s erv ed thatIs u s pec tthatf rom thes epl ac es , b u i l tof an ob l on g f orm i n i m i tati on of theH i n d oo
Arg haorN av or
Ki b otos orT i b e, c am ethen av es of ou rc hu rc hes , an d thatthei ri n hab i tan ts w ere
theN ai d ae ;
an d i f i n c on s eq u en c eof theperf orm an c eof thes eri tes ab oy w as b orn , hew as c on s i -
d ered s ac red ;
i n apec u l i arm an n erd ed i c ated tothepri es thood , an d ed u c ated b y them w i ththe
g reates tc are .
T hes eN ai d aew eren othi n g m oren orl es s than thed an c i n g g i rl s , w hoaren ow
f ou n d i n thetem pl es of In d i a
.In thetem pl eof Ven u s atCori n th, athou s an d of them w erekept
.
Cal m ets ay s therew ered an c i n g g i rl s i n theT em pl eof J eru s al em
. N od ou b tou rpru d es w i l l b e
an g ry w i thm ef orrepeati n g w hatCal m ethas l etou t, b u tf orm y ow n partIm u s tf reel y c on f es s , I
l i ketheg i rl s , w i thal l thei rs i n s , b etterthan then as ty G al l i
.
T hrou g hou t al l
thean c i en tw orl d thed i s ti n c ti on b etw een thef ol l ow ers of theY on i an d Li n g a
m ay b es een
. Al l n ati on s s eem tohav eb een Ion i an s ex c epttheJ ew s an d P ers i an s
; an d , as the
J ew i s hor
m al e
pri n c i pl eprev ai l ed , theotherd ec l i n ed .
' T od ' s H i s t . Raj .p .581 .
BookVIII .ChapterIII .S ec ti on 1

4 05
CH AP T E RIII
N am es of P l ac es
Rajpou ts
.Ran n aeof P tol em y - In d i an Chron ol og y - Aji m ere-
M ou n tS i on - - S i on an d IIi eros ol y m a- Vari ou s M ou n ts of S ol v m a
: T em pl es of
S ol om on - J eru s al em
: J es u l m er- M ean i n g of J eru s al em - T em pl eof S ol om on
i n Cas hm ere
.
1 .W E
w i l l n ow ex am i n ethen am es of s om eof thes tates an d c i ti es i n In d i a, an d i n them Ithi n k
w es hal l f i n d c on c l u s i v eproof s of thepl ac ew hereJ u d ai s m c am ef rom , an d prob ab l y al on g w i thi t
thef i rs tw ri tten l an g u ag e .
In In d i a, i n v ery an c i en tti m es , therew as as tateof g reatpow er
. Its c api tal w as i n l at .
26 4 8' N ., l on g .82 4
, E
., of prod i g i ou s ex ten t, b ei n g on eof thel arg es tof H i n d os tan , an -
c i en tl y c al l ed Ay od hy aorO u d e .
Itw as , an d y eti s , apl ac ec el eb rated f ori ts s an c ti ty , to
w hi c hP i l g ri m s res ortf rom al l parts of In d i a
. T heH i n d oohi s tory s tates thati tw as thes eatof
pow er, of ag reatpri n c ec al l ed Das aratha, thef atherof Ram a, an d of Ram a, theb rother
of Cri s tn a .
Das arathaex ten d ed hi s c on q u es ts as f aras Cey l on , w hi c hhes u b d u ed
. W es hal l
f i n d i n af u tu repag e, f rom thes i m i l ari ty of them y thos i n S ou thIn d i atothatof O u d e, reas on
tob el i ev ethi s s tory of thec on q u es ttob es u b s tan ti al l y tru e
. Ay od hi aorIy od hy ai s n othi n g b u t
J u d i a, an d O u d e, J u d a .
l y od hi ai s Iy o- d i - i a- c ou n try of thes ac red Ion , orJ u d . Is hal l retu rn
m an y ti m es tothi s ety m on .
If eel l i ttl ed ou b tthatthetri b eof Iaou d w as ex pel l ed f rom thi s ki n g d om , perhaps f rom M atu rea,
f rom w hi c hpl ac ethey tookthei rn am es
.
E v ery d i f f i c u l ty w i l l b erem ov ed i f w es u ppos ethatthe
rel i g i ou s w ars of thes ec ts of theIon i an d Li n g aw erel on g , an d had al tern ates u c c es s es
; an d thi s
perf ec tl y ag rees w i ththeH i n d oohi s tori es , w hi c hrepres en tthew ars tohav eb een l on g , an d of
thi s d es c ri pti on
.T hec i ti es ab ov e- n am ed ares i tu ated al i ttl eW es tw ard of T i b et .T hetri b eof Lou d
ortheBrahm i n Ab raham , w as ex pel l ed f rom orl ef ttheM atu reaof theki n g d om of O u d ei n In d i a,
an d , s ettl i n g atG os hen , or
thehou s eof the S u n orH el i opol i s i n E g y pt, g av ei tthen am eof the
pl ac ew hi c hthey had l ef ti n In d i a, M atu rea
. Ib eg m y read ertol ookb ac ktoBookV
.Ch .VIII .
S ec t
.1, f oral l thes tri ki n g c i rc u m s tan c es of c on n ex i on , f orav as tn u m b erof y ears , b etw een the
tri b eof Ab raham an d H el i opol i s
. Lethi m al s oc on s i d erw hatIs ai d ju s tn ow , res pec ti n g thi s
s am ec i ty of d es tru c ti on , b ei n g c al l ed thec i ty of S ethorT y phon , an d of Ab ari s orAv ari s , thati s ,
of theH eb rew s .
W ehav es een thattheCi ty of Av ari s w as prob ab l y c al l ed Ab ari s , w hi c hm ean tS tran g ers or
H eb rew s , an d c l os etoi tw as them ou n tof Ieu d i eh
.Bry an t' s hew s thatthi s Av ari s w as c al l ed
Cerc as ora, w hi c hw i l l tu rn ou ttob ethes am eas theCal i s a- pu rai n theki n g d om of Iou d y aor
O u d e, i n In d i a . 2
T hu s w es hal l c on n ec tM atu rea, J u d ah, an d Ab raham tog ether, an d , as Ihav e
s u g g es ted , thed oc tri n es of Cri s tn aortheLam b .
T herei s an ac c ou n tof theH y perb orean c al l ed Ab ari s , v i z
.thathec am ei n toG reec ec arry i n g
i n hi s han d thearrow of Apol l o, w hi c hs erv ed hi m as apas s portthrou g hal l c ou n tri es
. Col .
T od 3
has g i v en an i n s tan c eof thearrow of atri b ef rom theki n g d om of O u d eb ei n g m ad eu s eof
as apas s port, ex ac tl y i n thes am em an n er .
Coi n c i d en c es of thi s ki n d appeartri f l i n g , b u tthey
arei n real i ty v ery i m portan t
.T hey ren d eri tprob ab l e, thatthes am em y thos i s i n b othc ou n tri es
.
Ab raham c am ef rom M es opotam i aof theChal d ees .
4
T hi s prec i s el y an s w ers tothes i tu ati on
' Vol . III .p . 26 0, 4 to .

'
Vi d eBookV .Chap .Vl .S ec t .6 , of thi s w ork .
3 H i s t .Rajapou tan a .

4
Ac ts v i i . 2 - 4 .
4 06

N am es of
P l ac es
of M u traorM atu reaon theJ u m n a .
Iti s thec ou n try of thean c i en tki n g d om of O u d eb etw een
thetw ori v ers G an g es an d In d u s , an d i s c al l ed Du ab orM es opotam i a, as Ihav eb ef ores tated .
H eprob ab l y c am eju s tb ef orethec han g eof thew ors hi ptookpl ac e, f rom T au ru s toAri es , f rom
Bu d d hatoCri s tn a
.
Letu s s u ppos e, f orthes akeof arg u m en t, thatatri b eors ec tw as ex pel l ed f rom In d i a . Is i t
n otn atu ral toex pec t, thatw hen they s ettl ed i n ad i s tan tc ou n try they w ou l d g i v ethes am e
n am es tothei rn ew hab i tati on s af terthey had c on q u ered orac q u i red them , as thos epl ac es b ore
w hi c hthey l ef t? An d i f thi s w erethec as e, i s i tn otprob ab l e, thatthou g hs ev eral thou s an d y ears
m ay hav es i n c epas s ed , then am es of then ew s ettl em en ts s hou l d b ef ou n d i n theol d c ou n try ?
T hu s i ti s
: an d as thi s w as as ec t, orn ati on al rel i g i on w i d el y ex ten d ed , an d n otthei n hab i tan ts
of atow n m erel y , i thappen s thatw ehav en am es of pl ac es i n thec ou n try
n ear theM ed i terran ean
w herethey s ettl ed , w hi c haref ou n d i n m an y parts of In d i a, i n S i am , P eg u , T i b et, & c .
Ib eg m y read ertoref ertotheM apw hi c hi s taken partl y f rom thos eof Bi s hopH eb eran d Col
.
T od , an d hew i l l f i n d theki n g d om of O u d e, an c i en tl y Ay od hi a, i n ad i s tri c tc al l ed Ag ra, i n w hi c h
i s ac i ty , c al l ed an c i en tl y Arg ha' orAg ra . Itw as i n ru i n s i n theti m eof Akb ar- an d w as
reb u i l tb y hi m an d c al l ed Akb erab ad . 2 H ew i l l al s of i n d apl ac ec al l ed Daou d - n ag u r, thati s
Du d (' trT
d u d ) orDav i d - n ag u r.N ag u rm ean s f ort or w al l ed tow n . T herei s al s oad i s tri c tc al l ed
Daod - potra, thati s ,
tow n of thes on s of Dav i d . T hu s w ehav eac i ty of Dav i d an d ac ou n try of the
c hi l d ren ors on s of Dav i d .
M atu reahas b een b ef oren oti c ed i n E g y ptan d on theJ u m n a, orJ am u n a, orY am u n a
. T here
i s al s oac i ty i n thes am ec ou n try c al l ed J ou d - poor, orY u d d apoor, orthec i ty of J u d , w hereBi s hop
H eb ers ay s aretheru i n s of am ag n i f i c en tc i ty . T hi s i s c al l ed b y c al l ed Col
.T od O od e- poor : i t
i s ab ou tl at
.24 1, l on g .7 3 - 1 . T hereareal s os ev eral othertow n s of thes am en am e
. T herei s
al s o, i n ab ou tl at .26 f , an d l on g .7 3 , ac i ty c al l ed , b y Col
.T od , J od poor, w i thad i s tri c tof the
s am en am e . Ab ou tl at.27 an d l on g .7 6 , m ay b es een atow n c al l ed J ei pou r, w i thad i s tri c tof
thes am en am e . T herei s al s o, ab ou tl at .26 , l on g .7 8, ad i s tri c tc al l ed J ad o- ou w atti
. Bi s hop
H eb ers ay s , theki n g of thec ou n try of J ou d orJ u d - poor, i s c al l ed M al ek, thati s , i n c orrec t
H eb rew , theKi n g . 3 Al l thes epl ac es , as w el l as Del hi an d Ben ares , w erei n c l u d ed i n theki n g -
d om of O u d , orAy od hi a, orJ u d a
.
T herearethreepl ac es i n atri an g l eb etw een 25an d 3 0d eg rees of l ati tu d e, an d ab ou t7 3 of
l on g i tu d e, i n theki n g d om of O u d eorJ u d a- thef i rs t, c al l ed O u d i pou r, orChei tore, orM ey w ar, or
M i d w ar
; thes ec on d , J ood pou r, orY u d d apoor
; thethi rd , c al l ed Am b eer, orAm ere, orJ oi n ag u r,
orJ y en ag u r, orJ y epou r . 4
In eed n otrem i n d m y read erthathem u s ts tri keof f thes y l l ab l e
pou r
orpoor, w hi c hm ean s pl ac eortow n , an d then hew i l l hav ethereal n am e . As w em ay ex pec t
f rom i ts n am eM i d w arorM ed w ay i n E n g l i s h, O u d i poreorChei torei s i n them i d d l eof theother
tw o .
M y read erm ay s m i l eatthi s ob s erv ati on , b u tthef artherb ac kheg oes , them oren u m erou s
hew i l l f i n d thes eki n d s of ex traord i n ary c oi n c i d en c es .
T hey arethew ord s of an u n i v ers al an d
v ery ol d l an g u ag e .
In s om eof theN orthern n ati on s Day i s c al l ed
Var. T hi s i s s i m i l arto
M i d w aran d M ed w ay ,
M ed or M i d - d ay .
T heri v erChel u m , orJ al u m , or
J hy l u n , orBehu t, orJ en au t
5
has on i ts W es ts i d ethec ou n try
of theJ ou d i s , atthef ootof them ou n tai n s of J ou d
. T herei s al s oapl ac eord i s tri c ti n thi s
c ou n try c al l ed S eb aorS i b a .
T herei s al s oatri b ec al l ed J ajoohahs , w hi c hd es c en d ed f rom the
' H eb er.
q Ad i s tri c tof J eru s al em w as c al l ed Ac ra
;
thi s m u s thav eb een Arg a, as i ti s n otl i kel y thatthi s c i ty s hou l d hav ea
q u arterc al l ed b y aG reekn am e .
3
Vol . I.p . 3 6 8 .

4
S eeRen n el l ' s M em oi r, p .c x x x i i .

5 Ren n el l , p .9 8.
BookVIII .ChapterIII .S ec ti on 3

4 07
J ou d i s
. H erearetheJ ew s , d es c en d ed f rom J u d ah
.
In them ou n tai n s of S ol om on aref ou n d
a
tri b eof peopl ec al l ed J u d oon s ,
1
(thati s , J u d aean s , )an d apl ac ec al l ed
G os a, (thati s G az a, )an d a
peopl ec al l ed J ad rau n s , an d an otherc al l ed J au jees (J ew s )
. 2
T hem ou n tai n s of S ol om on ,
or
S ol i m au n , hav ethi s n am ei n theol d b ooks , thou g hthey aren otc om m on l y kn ow n atthi s ti m e
b y i t
. 3 T hes em ou n tai n s arehi g herthan theAn d es
.
a
O n eof them ou n ts of thec hai n i s c al l ed
S u f f ai d Coh . 5 T heS of ees of P ers i aarec al l ed S u f f arees .
a
In thi s c ou n try , al s o, i s thec i ty of
E n oc h, theAn u c htaof P tol em y
.
Col
.T od s ay s , 7 thetrad i ti on s of theH i n d oos as s ert
thatIn d i aw as f i rs tpeopl ed orc ol on i z ed
b y arac ec al l ed Y ad u ,
tow hi c hthey trac ethef ou n d ati on s of them os tc on s pi c u ou s of thei r
an c i en tc i ti es . 8 T heY ad u s arei n theu n pol i s hed
d i al ec tpron ou n c ed J ad u orJ ad oon s
.
s
T he
E u s of z y es ,
ortri b eof J os eph,
i s al s oc al l ed J ad oon s , thati s , J u d aean s .
2
.T hec ou n try of Chei toreorO u d i pore
b el on g s tothetri b ec al l ed Rajpoots ,
thei rc hi ef c al l ed
b y theti tl eof Ran a . In P tol em y they arec al l ed Rhan n ae
. 10
T hey aream os tw arl i ketri b e,
an d ,
i n f ac t, hav en ev erb een perm an en tl y s u b d u ed .
T hey arethew arri ortri b e
n oti c ed b y Arri an
an d Di od oru s . N otf arf rom theab ov ei s atow n c al l ed Aji m ere, theG ag as m i raof P tol em y
. 11
F atherG eorg i u s ad m i ts thetru thof w hat
Ihav es ai d res pec ti n g then am es of theIn d i an
pl ac es :
hes ay s , Reg n u m Ay i od i aal i as Av od (m ean i n g
Ay od i aan d O u d e)ex d eprav ato
n om i n eJ ehu d a,
s eu J eu d a . H ethen s hew s that G i od u ,
G i ad u , G i ad u b an s i , areal l thes am eas the
Z Z 11'
i eu d e
of
theH eb rew s , an d heg i v es thef ol l ow i n g tran s l ati on
of apas s ag eof theBag av an : "
Ips e(Cri s tz i a)
" s al v ab i tG en tem s u am G i od an em peP as toru m
: v i tam d ab i tb on i s :
i n terf i c i etG i g an tes
~ ~ rel i n q u etG oku l , etM ad i apu r :
ag n os c etu rab u n i v ers oterraru m
orb e : etn om en eju s i n v o-
" c ab u n tom n es , Di v i n u m es tv ati c i n i u m :
n eed u b i ta, han d : s i c eri t
" O f c ou rs eal l w i ththe
m on k, i s c l earl y c opi ed f rom theki n g d om of J u d a, w hi c hH erod otu s c ou l d n otf i n d
.
Is i tpos s i b l e
f oran y proof tob em orec l earthan thi s ,
of thetru thof thetheory ad v oc ated b y m e, of the d ou b l e
m y thos i n E as tern an d W es tern S y ri a?
3 .Is hal l n otattem pttoen teri n tothe
hi s tory an d c hron ol og y of In d i a ;
Ic on s i d erthati ti s
s oc on tam i n ated w i thn on s en s e
an d f rau d , thati ti s m erel y s oi l i n g papertotran s c ri b ei t
. T he
G rec i an heroi c ti m es ares en s ec om pared to i t
.Iw i l l g i v eon es pec i m en , f rom w hi c ha c om pari s on
m ay b em ad ew i thal l theothers .P aras u Ram a, w hol i v ed s i n c etheti m eof Chri s t,
l ooki n g d ow n
f rom ahi l l on thes ea- s hore, s aw s om ed ead Brahm i n s
.T hes eb y m ag i c heb rou g httol i f e, an d
f rom them d es c en d ed theRan as of U d ay a- pu r,
as M ajorW i l f ord c al l s i t, tod i s g u i s ethe
tru en am e,
the c i ty of J u d ea . 12 T hi s i s af ai rs pec i m en of the w ay
i n w hi c hthel os tori g i n of thev ari ou s
tri b es i s ac c ou n ted f or . E x u n od i s c eom n es . F rom thi s Is hal l b etol d thatthes eRan n as
areof
m od ern d ate, b u tP tol em y ' s n oti c eof them , as w el l as of G az am eraorAji m ere,
s ettl es thi s q u es -
ti on . T hey w ereki n g s of on eof thev ery ol d c i ti es
of thetri b eof J ou d i , m i s c al l ed ord i s g u i s ed
b y then am eof U d ay a- pu r. Col .T od g i v es i ti ts propern am ean d c al l s i t l ou d e,
orO u d i pore.
T hen oti c eof theRan n ae, b y P tol em y , s hew s thatthetri b ew as i n ex i s ten c e b ef orethed i s pers i on
of theJ ew s i n theti m eof Ves pas i an . In theattem pttod i s c ov erthetru th
i n q u es ti on s of thi s
ki n d , i ti s v ery s el d om thataproof of a f ac tc an b eob tai n ed , b u tIthi n ki ti s ob tai n ed
res pec ti n g
the RAN N A of O u d i pore .
T hey w ereev i d en tl y herei n theti m eof P tol em y , an d they arey et
rem ai n i n g .
T herec an b en os had ow of preten c etos etu pthatthey hav eb een d es troy ed b y the
' E l phi n s .Vol .II .p.9 9 .

2 l b .

3
Ib . T ab . Vol . I .p. 14 8 .

1 Ib . .p.155 .
5
l b .p.156 .

6 Ib .p .257 .

7
T ran s .Roy al As i at. S oc .Vol .III.pp . .1, 14 1 .
e
F oras ketc hof thi s rac es eeAn .Rajas tan ,
Vol .I .
P . 85 .

n
Ib i d .P .86 .

10 Ren n el l , p .153 .
" Ren n el l , p .14 5 .

11 As i at . Res
.Vol . IX .p.23 8 .
4 08

; IZ ou n t S i on
M oham ed an s , an d thec i ty of O u d eorO u d i - poreb u i l tb y M oham ed an s , an d s i n c ethatti m ean ew
tri b eof Ran n aes etu p . T hec i ty of G ag as m eraorAji m erec on f i rm s thi s
.
T hec i ty of O u d epore
i s v ery l arg e, an d c arri es on thef ac eof i tm arks of ex trem ean ti q u i ty
.If thean ti q u i ty of thec i ty of
O u d eorIou d i - pore, an d i ts Ran n aeb ec on s i d ered tob eprov ed , an d thatthey ex i s ted b ef orethe
ti m eof Chri s t, Ithi n ki tc arri es w i thi tpretty g ood pres u m pti v eproof , thatal l theothertow n s
i n i ts n ei g hb ou rhood hav i n g J ew i s horIs rael i ti s hn am es arethes am e . T hen , ex c eptas Ihav e
ac c ou n ted f ori t, how i s i ttob eac c ou n ted f or ?
Del hi , w as f orm erl y c al l ed In d rapres t' ha, an d w as f ou n d ed b y Y ood i s htra
. T he s htrai s l i ke
the s htra i n S au ras thra, aterm i n ati on w hi c hId on otu n d ers tan d , b u ti tl eav es theY ood i
.' T he
m os tan c i en tof thec i ti es of thi s partof In d i a, areO u d eorY od y a, an d Ag ra, thel atterof w hi c h
w en ttod ec ay , an d w as reb u i l tb y Akb ar
.
Col
.T od s ay s ac ol on y of theY ad u d w el ti n them ou n tai n s c al l ed i n Ren n el l ' s m apIou d es ,
w hen they w ereex pel l ed f rom S au ras tra . N oon ec an d en y thatthes eY ad u orIou d i d w el t, to
u s eaBi b l ephras e, i n them ou n tai n s of J u d a .
T hes ew eretheY ad u s of J es s - u l - m er . 2 T hes e
Y ad u s hav en ow g otc orru pted i n toJ ad oon
. 3 S peaki n g of J od poor, theCol on el s ay s , t T he
`c v i ew w i l l g i v eam orec orrec ti d eaof the ' Ci ty of J od a' than an y d es c ri pti on ." 4 H erethe
d oc tri n ew hi c hIteac hi s u n c on s c i ou s l y ad opted b y Col .T od .
Iod m ean s J od aorJ u d a .
4 .In l at .26 , 3 1N .l on g .7 4 , 28E
., i s thec i ty c al l ed Aji m ereorG az am ere, theG az am eraof
P tol em y ad joi n i n g toal arg el ake .
H erei s G az a, of S y ri a, an d theol d E n g l i s hw ord m ere
f ora
l ake .W ehav eW i ttl es ey M ere
n earP eterb orou g h, H orn s ey M ere n earKi n g s ton - on - H u l l , i n the
ki n g d om of Bri g an ti a, n eartheri v er U m b er. Is al l thi s ac c i d en tal ? Col .T od s ay s thatthe
w ord m er i n theH i n d ool an g u ag em ean s hi l l . T hen i tw i l l b ethe hi l l of Aji
.
Bu ttheex pres s i on
of P tol em y s hew s , thatthetw ow ord s Aji an d G az aarethes am e
.
T hew ord w hi c hw ec al l G az a,
i n theH eb rew i s w ri tten .tty oz a. T hi s m ean s G oat, thes am eas Aje- w hi c hten d s to prov ethat
theori g i n al m u s thav eb een Aji . T hel akeof P ots hai s c l os eb y Aji m ere, an d thetow n of G az a
b ei n g on thes ea, thew ord m er
m u s tm ean b othhi l l , an d theLati n M are, orM eri s , orM orri s , al ake
- theH eb rew ; i n n
m reor
- 7 n
m rr . 5
Col
.T od ex pl ai n s thew ord J eru s al em tom ean M er- J es u l orH i l l of J es s u l . T hed ou b l e
m ean i n g of thew ord M erari s es f rom al l thes es ac red m ou n ts b ei n g i m i tati v eM eru s . T hu s they
m i g htb eal l c al l ed M er . M eru , w em u s trec ol l ec t, w as ahi l l i n as ea, ors u rrou n d ed b y an
oc ean u s . An d f rom thi s thetw oc am etob ec on f ou n d ed
.
Bu tthi s w i l l b em orec l earl y s hew n
pres en tl y .
T heri v eran c i en tl y c al l ed P on tu s , i n T hrac e, i s n ow b y theT u rks c al l ed M er, an d thel akei n to
w hi c hi tru n s , M er- m er :
w hen c eIam ju s ti f i ed i n c on c l u d i n g thatthew ord M erm ean tl ake, i n
theol d l an g u ag e, b ef orei tw as c han g ed ortran s l ated , b y theG reeks , i n toP on tu s .
N oon ec an d ou b tthatCas i m ereorCas hm erew as c al l ed f rom thel akew hi c hprob ab l y on c e
f i l l ed i ts v al l ey . T hi s ag ai n f i x es on eof them ean i n g s of thew ord M ere
.
5.T hem i s s i on ary Dr .Bu c han an s tates hi s opi n i on , thattherel i g i on of Bu d d haaros en ear
T i b et .
H en am es ari v erof S i am , w hi c hri s es n earthef ron ti ers of Chi n a, an d w hi c hi s i n the
Bu rm an em pi re ; an d heg i v es ad es c ri pti on of am os thol y i m ag i n ary m ou n tai n i n thes am eem pi re
c al l ed S i an .
s
Ithi n ki tprob ab l ethattheki n g d om of S i am had i ts n am ean d rel i g i on f rom thi s
c ou n try . H erew ehav etheS i on ref erred tob y Lou b ere, i n BookV .Chap
.111
.S ec t
.8. T he
S i am es e, hes tates tob ec al l ed Y oo- d a- y a, w hi c h, heob s erv es , i s n othi n g b u tJ u d m i .
T od ' s H i s t.Raj .
P .
87 .

s
H i s t
.Raj .pp
.6 1, 6 2 .

'
Ib .p .86 .
aLi ttl eton , Di e .

6 As i at .Res .Vol .VI .p .24 2.

* l b
.P .7 09 .
BookVIII. Chapter III
. Section 6

409
MountSionisamysticmount,andcamefromtheMountZionoftheBurmeseempire,orof
thekingdomofSiam,orasLaLouberesaysoftheSions-forthereseemstohavebeenaridgeof
them,liketheridgeoftheAlpes
. ItisthemountoftheGodsorofhappybeings,
I inthe
kingdomofSiam-themountwheretheGodsreside,andtherewereseveralofthesemountsabove
oneanotherfordifferentordersofbeings
;andthoughIhavenoauthorityfortheassertion,Ihave
nodoubtthattheywere on thesidesoftheNorth.
Inshort,Sionmeaningtheholymountwas
MountMeru.
ThereweresevenheavensbeforethethroneofGod
. Thewordp'
ziun,in
Hebrew,correctlymeans
astonemount, andhasalsothemeaningofthestoneCarnofthe
Westernnations. Mr
. TurnerobservedthesameCarnsinTibet.
Theyareequallyfoundin
IonaoftheHebrides
. Everypersoninpassingthesemountsthinksitanactofpietytoadda
stonetothem. ThereisalsoamysticalZioninCeylon,wheretheSamaritanPentateuchplaces
MountArarat. TheCingales'traditionsstatethemtohavecomefromthelandofAva,thatis,of
Eva.
IntheBuddhistdoctrinesofCeylon,theMountZian,or
triumphingheaven,
makesagreat
figure. 2 Itiscalledaplaceof SALVATION .
ItisevidentlyliketheMountZionoftheJewsa
mysticalmount,havinginrealitythesamename .
TheetymologyofthewordSionIreservetoa
futurebook.
TheancientnameofThibetorTibetwasBaltistan
;thatis,theplaceofBalti,orBaaltis,
, of
Syria. 3
Mr
. Faberhasshewn,thatthecityofSidon,inSyria,wheretheGodDagonwasadored,had
itsnamefromanorientalcityontheErythreanSeacalledSidon
;butTrogussaysthatthe
ErythreanSidonwasnottheoriginalsettlementoftheSidonians,
but thattheycamefrontamore
Easternpart
. 4
6. ThefollowingobservationsofNimrod'swillprettywellspewustheoriginofthefamous
MountMoriahorSionoftheJews .
ComingastheydofromsogoodaGreekandLatinScholar,
andatthesametimefromadevoteeandunwillingwitness,withtheimpartialinquirertheywill
commandthegreatestrespect . "
BelerophonfoughtagainstthefemalehostoftheAmazonians
.

HefoughtalsowiththeSolymi,acircumstancewhichtendstoidentifyhimwithMemnon,who,
onhiswaytorelieveTroy,metandoverthrew
"Apya?EOiv . 1oXvjawv iepov
5-parov. s

ImmediatelybehindPhaselis,ofPamphylia,roseMountSolymus,andclosetoit(probablyone
"
ofitspeaks)Mount OLYMPUS,
8
calledalso 4Poivix oetc, or
thered. Also,
aLophos,orconical
"hilloverTermessus,ofPisidia,wascalled
: ~ o
. ufu,ogAo4pos,andhardbyitaworkofantiquity,
calledthe .
rampartofBelorophonormound
:
Xaga4.
7
AmountSolymuswas,likeIdato

Jove,the 6x owtri,
orseatofspeculation,totheEthiopianNeptune .
Toyb' see
AazoamvarmyKQELmvEvoo i Oov
TvXo9Ey Ex XoXvjwy
opewy
4y .
8
`~ Infact,itwasoneofthemanynamesusedamongthenationsforanOlymp,orsacrificialand

oracularhighplace.
InthemaritimeSyriatherewasaveryfamouscityofimmemorial
' Asiat
. R es . Vol . VI. p. 18 7 .

s
Upham'sHistoryofBuddhism,p . 7 4.
3 Lett
. Edif. Vol
. XV. p. 18 8 .

4
Orig . Pag
. Idol . Vol . -Ill . p. 562 .
sQu
. Sm . L . ii
. ver. 12 0 ;Herod
. L. i. C
. clx x iii . ;Steph
. Byz. invoceMilyte,

8
Strabo,L . x iv . p
. 952 .
VideStrabo,L
. x iii . p. 904.

8 Hom. Od. L
. v . ver. 2 8 3 .
I
410

Solyma

sanctity,andcontainingwithinitspurlieusseveralmountsdedicatedtothemysteriesofthe

Syrianor IONIAN
religion,especiallytheMountMoriahorOlivet,andtheMountSion
. This

city,foundedbytheJebusiteCanaanites,wascalledSolyma,and,bywayofhonour,Hiero-
"Solyma.
Itwastakenfromitssubsequentpossessors,theJewsandBenjamites,byNebuchad-
"
nezzartheGreat,aprinceoftheSyrianreligion,whichheresyheraisedtoanunex ampledpitch

ofsplendour :
andoutofthespoilsofHiero-Solymabefoundedanewcity,Solyma,'in

Assyria. " 2
Again,Nimrodsays,
"Thisplace,Hiero-Solyma,wasnotoccupiedbythechosenpeopletill
"
thetimeofJoshua,
s
butitwassolemnlyconsecratedtotheusesoftheChristianworshipin
"
thedaysofAbraham,bythesymbolicalofferingofhisson : andthesameAbrahamhaving
"vanquishedaleagueofkings,metintheneighbourhood,withapersonagenamedMelchisedek,
"
kingofSalem,whoinitiatedhimintothemysteriesoftheChristiansacrament . Sacrifice,

withimmolationandlibation,wasappointedforanticipationofanatonementtocome : butthe
twolatterwerethoughtsufficientforthecommemorationthereofwhencompleteWe
" arenottoldwhatplaceitwasthatwascalled
Salem, butwefindtheIsraelites,wheninpos-

sessionofHiero-Solym,invariablycallingitJeru-salem,Beholdpeace : andJosephus,whowas

ignorantofthenatureandcharacterofMelchisedek,andmistookhimforsomeJebusite
"prince, 4
informsus,thathefirstgavetothecity,Jerusalem,itspresentname. Herethenwe
" havethetruth :
thenameSolymwaschangedtoSalem,andHiero-SolymtoHieru-Salem . " 5
Notwithstandingsomenonsenseandseveralmistakes,hereareseveralveryimportantadmissions
of
Nimrod's,asweshallpresentlysee . WhatIhavesaidbeforerespectingthechangeofSalemto
Jerusalemishereconfirmed. ThemeaningofthepresentnameJerusalemis,accordingtoour
divines, heshallseepeace.
Butperhaps,likemanyothermythicwords,ithadtwomeanings .
NimrodseemstohaveforgottenthatEupolemustellsus,thatMelchizedeklivedatGerizim .
6
BeforeIproceedfurtherwiththemeaningofthewordJerusalem,wemustdiscussseveralother
circumstancesconnectedwithit.
7 .
TheSolymiarenamedbyHomer,andtherewereapeoplenoticedofthatnameinLycia,in
AsiaMinor,aprovinceadjoiningtoPisidia
. IsuspectthattheywereasectdrivenoutofIndia
totheWest,andthebuildersofJerusalem,orHiero-Solyma,theSacredSolyma . Ilearnfrom
theauthorofNimrod,thatMemnonwassaidtohavefoughttheSolymi,
7
the. is,thatthesun
foughtthem . ThismightmeanthattheyweredrivenfromtheEast. Therewerefourteen
Badsor
Buddhas,orincarnationsofdivinewisdomunderthatname . Therewerealsofourteen incarnations
ofdivinewisdomunderthenameofMenu
. Andtherewere
fourteen
Soleimans,all,perhaps,
differentnamesforthesamemythos . ButintheJewishbooksweonlyreadof one
Menu,and
oneNoah,orof one Solomon, theWise.
Inowbegmyreadertoreflectuponthefact,ofSanscritwordsbeingfoundintheLatinand
Greeklanguages .
Thisdone,hewillprobablynotbesurprisedtofindLatinwordsinIndia . He
willrecollectthatthetemplesorsacredplacesinJudaeawerecalled5bt n'= bital, orhouseof
God,andSolomonbuiltahousetotheLord,bywhichnameofhouse,thetempleofJerusalem,
inaverypointedmanner,wascalled
. Thus,thisbeingpremised,thenex tplacewhichIshall
' Asin. Quadr
. Ap. Steph. Byz. in . voce
.

2 Nimrod,Vol. I. Sup. Ed
. p
. 96.
3
Joshua,thatisJesus,thatistheSaviour,thesonofNave,thatis oftheboat,
ortheArgha,orthefemalegenera-
tivepower :
noteoftheauthor's,notNimrod's .
4
Nomistake-noteby G. H . ,
notbyNimrod .

s
Ibid
. P
. 97 .
6
OnthispointJosephusisnotevidence
. Heis a partisan .

7
Vol .
1 .
p. 98 .
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~ ~-

BookIX
. C h a p t e r I . S e c t i on 2 1

4 8 1
f e c t e d .
It g oe s t op r ov e t h a t a l l t h e n a t i on s h a d a t f i r s t a s i x t e e n - l e t t e r s y s t e m ; t h e Iou d i a n d
H e l l e n e s i n c r e a s e d t h e m t o
t w e n t y - t w o, a n d ot h e r or l a t e r or i e n t a l s t o
f i f t y .
T h e Bu d d h i s t s i n U p p e r In d i a h a v e t h e i r s a c r e d b ooks i n t h e Ba l i or P a l i , b y w h i c h Im e a n t h e
P r a c r i t l a n g u a g e , a n d f or t h e b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g of i t t h e y i n t e r l i n e i t w i t h t h e S a n s c r i t a s a n e x -
p l a n a t i on . ' T h i s i s s om e t h i n g s i m i l a r t ot h e ol d p r a c t i c e of t h e J e w s i n t h e i r s y n a g og u e , w h or e a d
t h e i r P e n t a t e u c h H e b r e w a v e r s e i n t h e or i g i n a l , t h e n t h e s a m e v e r s e i n t h e C h a l d e e , a l t e r n a t e l y ,
f or t h e u s e of t h e p e op l e t ow h om t h e ol d l a n g u a g e w a s ob s ol e t e
. T h i s t e n d s t op r ov e t h e S a n s -
c r i t i n U p p e r In d i a , i . e . M e w a r , n e w .
2 1
. It h i n k' Im a y s a f e l y l a y i t d ow n a s a n i n d i s p u t a b l e p r i n c i p l e , t h a t i f a c ol on y or n u m b e r of
e m i g r a n t s c om e f r om on e c ou n t r y t oa n ot h e r a n d b r i n g a w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e , t h e y w i l l b r i n g t h e
w h ol e n u m b e r of l e t t e r s t h e y u s e d i n t h e i r ol d c ou n t r y , a n d t h a t , w i t h p e r h a p s s om e v e r y t r i f l i n g
e x c e p t i on , n ot f e w e r w i l l e v e r a f t e r b e u s e d . F r om t h i s i t f ol l ow s , t h a t t h e S a n s c r i t w or d s a n d
f or m s of c on s t r u c t i on , w h i c h a r e b ot h i n t h e G r e e ka n d t h e L a t i n , m u s t h a v e c om e t ot h e W e s t
b e f or e t h e S a n s c r i t w a s p e r f e c t e d t o f i f t y l e t t e r s . T h i s c on s i d e r a t i on r e n d e r s i t h i g h l y p r ob a b l e
t h a t C ol
. W i l f or d ' s a s s e r t i on , t h a t t h e S a n s c r i t a l p h a b e t or i g i n a l l y c on s i s t e d of t h e P e l a s g i c or
C a d m a e a n l e t t e r s , i s c or r e c t . It i s a m os t i m p or t a n t ob s e r v a t i on , a n d of i t s e l f a l m os t p r ov e s t h e
t r u t h of m y t h e or y , of t h e u n i v e r s a l d i s s e m i n a t i on of t h e C a d m a c a n s y s t e m . Iv e r y m u c h s u s p e c t
t h a t a l m os t a l l t h e l a n g u a g e s of In d i a , S a n s c r i t e x c e p t e d , a r e n ow of t h e n a t u r e of a L i n g u a
F r a n c a . In d i a i s i n l a n g u a g e v e r y m u c h l i ke E u r op e . E a c h of t h e t w oi s a l i t t l e w or l d t oi t s e l f
;
e v e r y p r ov i n c e or ki n g d om of w h i c h h a s a s e p a r a t e a n d d i s t i n c t l a n g u a g e , a n d , i n w r i t i n g , t h ou g h
n ot i n p r i n t i n g , a l s oa s e p a r a t e a n d d i s t i n c t l e t t e r ; b u t a l l h a v i n g , f r om i n t e r m i x t u r e b y c on q u e s t s
a n d ot h e r c a u s e s , a g r e a t i n t e r m i x t u r e of w or d s ; a n d a l l h a v i n g a c l os e c on n e x i on w i t h t h e d e a d
l a n g u a g e of i t s l e a r n e d m e n a n d p r i e s t s - t h e S a n s c r i t . T h e L a t i n i s n ow t oE u r op e w h a t t h e S a n s -
c r i t i s t oIn d i a ; a n d i f i t w e r e n ot f or t h e a r t of p r i n t i n g , t h e f or m s of l e t t e r s i n E u r op e w ou l d b e
j u s t a s v a r i ou s a s t h e l a n g u a g e s . T h e l e t t e r s i n u n p r i n t e d l a n g u a g e s v a r y a s of t e n a s t h e h a n d -
w r i t i n g of i n d i v i d u a l s . T h e a r t of p r i n t i n g h a s g i v e n a d e g r e e of f i x e d n e s s t ol e t t e r s u n kn ow n i n
a n c i e n t t i m e s , a n d s t i l l u n kn ow n i n or i e n t a l c ou n t r i e s . A l t h ou g h Id i s s e n t f r om m u c h of w h a t I
f i n d i n C ol . V a n K e n n e d y ' s b ook, Iq u i t e a g r e e w i t h h i m , t h a t h e h a s p r ov e d t h e a b s ol u t e u n c e r -
t a i n t y of t h e t r a n s l a t i on s of t h e a n c i e n t or i e n t a l m a n u s c r i p t s a n d m e d a l s . W e m u s t a l w a y s r e c ol -
l e c t t h a t w h e n a n or i e n t a l p r of e s s or c l a i m s t og i v e u s a t r a n s l a t i on , w e h a v e , i n m a n y c a s e s , n o
m e a n s of j u d g i n g e i t h e r of h i s h on e s t y or of h i s c a p a c i t y f or w h a t h e u n d e r t a ke s
:
w h a t e v e r h e t e l l s
u s w e t a ke a n d m u s t t a ke . Im e a n b y t h i s n or e f l e c t i on on or i e n t a l s c h ol a r s , f a r t h e r t h a n t op l a c e
t h e m p r e t t y m u c h on t h e s a m e f oot i n g w i t h t r a n s l a t or s of t h e Bi b l e ; on l y t h a t t h e i r t r a n s l a t i on s of
m e d a l s a n d m a n u s c r i p t s m a y a n d ou g h t , i n m os t c a s e s , t ob e c on s i d e r e d s om e w h a t m or e d ou b t f u l ,
a s w e h a v e s e l d om t h e m e a n s of c or r e c t i n g t h e m . A p r e t t y g ood e x a m p l e i s a f f or d e d i n t h e t r a n s -
l a t i on of F e r i s h t a , b y D ow . M y f r i e n d C ol . Br i g g s d e c l a r e s t h a t i t b e a r s n ot t h e m os t d i s t a n t
r e s e m b l a n c e t ot h e or i g i n a l : t h e n w h i c h of t h e s e t w ot r a n s l a t i on s a r e w e t ob e l i e v e ? T h e a n s w e r
c a n n ot b e d ou b t f u l w h e n a l l t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s of t h e t w oa r e c on s i d e r e d
. A g a i n , M r
. C ol e b r oke
d e c l a r e s t h a t t h e t r a n s l a t i on of a n ot h e r w or k, m a d e b y on e of t h e m i s s i on a r i e s , h a s n os i m i l a r i t y
t ot h e or i g i n a l . H e r e a g a i n Ic a n e n t e r t a i n n od ou b t t ow h i c h of t h e t w ot h e c r e d i t i s d u e .
O r i e n t a l s c h ol a r s a r e n ot e n t i t l e d t oc l a i m e x e m p t i on f r om h u m a n f r a i l t i e s , a n y m or e t h a n H e b r e w
t r a n s l a t or s . T h e y a r e e q u a l l y l i a b l e t om a ke m i s t a ke s
; a n d , w h a t i s m u c h m or e t ob e d r e a d e d , t o
b e i n f l u e n c e d b y r e l i g i ou s p r e j u d i c e
. O f t h e l a t t e r , V a n K e n n e d y i s n ob a d e x a m p l e : f or t h ou g h
' C ol
. T od ' s H i s t .
4 8 2

M a r q u i s S p i n e t o
h i s w or ki s f u l l of u s e f u l i n f or m a t i on a n d s ou n d ob s e r v a t i on , y e t a r e l i g i ou s m ot i v e i s e v i d e n t l y a t
t h e b ot t om of i t , a n d t h r ow s a s h a d e ov e r i t .
2 2 . T h e r e s u l t of a l l m y i n q u i r i e s r e s p e c t i n g t h e S a n s c r i t i s , t h a t Ic on c l u d e i t w a s i n v e n t e d i n
t h e ki n g d om of O u d e or l ou d a or Y ou d i a , i n N or t h In d i a , b y a p e op l e s p e a ki n g a l a n g u a g e , t h e
w or d s of w h i c h w e r e n e a r l y H e b r e w or C h a l d e e , p e r h a p s i m p r ov e d b y t h e a d d i t i on of t h e v ow e l s
t ot h e s y l l a b l e s , m a ki n g i t n e a r l y A f r i c a n E t h i op i c , a n d b e i n g i n f a c t a n i m p r ov e d S y r i a c , a n d
P u s h t o, or t h e f i r s t T a m u l
; t h a t t h e l e t t e r of t h i s p e op l e w a s n e a r l y t h e ol d e s t S a m a r i t a n , a n d
t h a t i t w a s t h e p r od u c e of a g r e a t n u m b e r of y e a r s , a n d b r ou g h t t oi t s l a s t p e r f e c t i on a b ou t t h e
t i m e of A l e x a n d e r b y Br a h m i n s r e t u r n i n g t oIn d i a f r om t h e W e s t ; t h a t i t s l e t t e r s , t h e D e v a -
n a g a r i , w e r e f or m e d on t h e S a m a r i t a n , a n d t h e l a n g u a g e m od e l l e d on t h e L a t i n a n d G r e e k ; t h a t
i t w a s i n v e n t e d a f t e r t h e c om p os i n g , p e r h a p s a f t e r t h e c om m i t t a l t ow r i t i n g , of t h e P oe m s of
H om e r ; a n d t h a t i t s ob j e c t w a s t os e c r e t e t h e l e a r n i n g a n d e l e v a t e i t s ow n e r s a b ov e t h e p e op l e ,
p e r h a p s a b ov e t h e p r i n c e s of t h e i r c ou n t r y
. W h e n Ic om e t ot h a t p a r t of m y w or kw h e r e Is h a l l
e x p l a i n t h e or i g i n of l e t t e r s a n d of t h e l a n g u a g e of c i p h e r s , w h i c h w a s t h e f i r s t w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e , I
s h a l l r e t u r n t ot h e s u b j e c t of t h e S a n s c r i t , a n d s h a l l s u p p or t w h a t Ih a v e s a i d a b ov e b y s om e
a d d i t i on a l ob s e r v a t i on s a n d c i r c u m s t a n c e s
.
C H A P T E RII
M a r q u i s S p i n e t o- H i e r og l y p h i c s n ot a n c i e n t - E d i n b u r g h Re v i e w on C h a n g e of
L a n g u a g e - K n ow l e d g e of H i e r og l y p h i c s s u p p os e d l os t b y G r e e kA u t h or s -
N a m e s of t h e P t ol e m i e s a n d Ron i a n E m p e r or s on
: M on u m e n t s - T r a n s l a t i on
f r om C l e n i e n s a n d t h e Ros e t t a S t on e - J e w i s h E x od p r ov e d - A n O b s e r v a t i on of
M r . S a l t ' s - - S i r W
. D r u m m on d on H i e r og l y p h i c s - Ros e t t a S t on e a F or g e r y -
Re w a r d of f e r e d b y a n E m p e r or f or t h e D i s c ov e r y of t h e i r M e a n i n g - V a r i ou s
P a r t i c u l a r s r e s p e c t i n g t h e N a t u r e of t h e s u p p os e d L a n g u a g e - - M a r q u i s S p i n e t o
n ot a S c e p t i c , &c
. - Be n t l e y . Zod i a c s . E s n e . D e n d r a
.
BE F O RE I
p r oc e e d t ot h e s u b j e c t of t h i s c h a p t e r , Is h a l l s u b m i t t om y r e a d e r a f e w ob s e r v a t i on s
u p on t h e f a r - f a m e d d i s c ov e r i e s ,
a s t h e y a r e c a l l e d , b y M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on .
1
. S om e t i m e a g oa l e a r n e d f or e i g n e r , t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t o, g a v e a c ou r s e of l e c t u r e s a t C a m -
b r i d g e , on t h e d i s c ov e r i e s of M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on , w h i c h h e h a s s i n c e p u b l i s h e d , a n d
i n w h i c h h e h a s e x p l a i n e d t h e m a t g r e a t l e n g t h . T ot h e s e l e c t u r e s , a s t h e m os t a u t h e n t i c a c c ou n t
or s u m m a r y of t h os e d i s c ov e r i e s w i t h w h i c h Ia m a c q u a i n t e d , Is h a l l v e r y of t e n a p p l y i n t h e c ou r s e
of t h i s c h a p t e r .
A m on g t h e W e s t e r n n a t i on s , i n g e n e r a l , E g y p t h a d t h e c r e d i t of b e i n g t h e p a r e n t of l e t t e r s .
T h i s i d e a p r ob a b l y a r os e f r om t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e , t h a t t h e y w e r e u s e d i n E g y p t a c on s i d e r a b l e t i m e
b e f or e t h e y a r r i v e d i n E u r op e
. M on . C h a m p ol l i on t h i n ks h e h a s r e d u c e d t h e n u m b e r of t h e
H i e r og l y p h i c a l l e t t e r s , i n on e s y s t e m , t o
s e v e n t e e n ,
a n d t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t o, i n h i s l e c t u r e s , '
P a g e 9 5 .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r II . S e c t i on 3

4 8 3
s a y s h e t h i n ks t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n a l p h a b e t i n t h e t i m e of t h e P h a r a oh s c on s i s t e d of t h i s n u m b e r of
l e t t e r s . T h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s p ow e r f u l l y s u p p or t t h e s y s t e m of t h e s i x t e e n l e t t e r s a d v oc a t e d i n
t h e C e l t i c
D r u i d l s , a n d i n t h e P r e l i m i n a r y O b s e r v a t i on s t ot h i s w or k .
2
. A f t e r h a v i n g i n q u i r e d w i t h g r e a t c a r e a n d a t t e n t i on i n t ot h e d i s c ov e r i e s b e l i e v e d t oh a v e b e e n
m a d e of t h e m e a n i n g a n d h i s t or y of t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s of E g y p t , b y M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m -
p ol l i on , Ih a v e f ou n d n ot h i n g w h i c h s a t i s f i e s m e r e s p e c t i n g e i t h e r t h e i r g r e a t a n t i q u i t y or t h e i r
p r i or i t y t ot h e a r t of a l p h a b e t i c w r i t i n g
. Is t i l l c on t i n u e c on v i n c e d t h a t t h e kn ow l e d g e of l e t t e r s
p r e c e d e d t h e i n v e n t i on of h i e r og l y p h i c s
. Bu t Is e e n or e a s on w h a t e v e r f or m a i n t a i n i n g t h a t t h e
s a m e p r oc e s s s h ou l d h a v e t a ke n p l a c e i n t h e i n v e n t i on of t h e m , b ot h i n t h e ol d a n d t h e n e w w or l d .
Ia m e q u a l l y c on v i n c e d t h a t t h e d i s c ov e r i e s of M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on a r e m e r e c h i m e r a s ;
t h a t e i t h e r t h e y a r e d e c e i v e r s , or t h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n d e c e i v e d . Bu t b e f or e Ip r oc e e d , Im u s t b e g
m y r e a d e r t or e c a l l t om i n d w h a t Ih a v e s a i d i n t h e f i r s t c h a p t e r of t h e P r e l i m i n a r y O b s e r v a t i on s ,
a n d t h e p r oof s Ih a v e t h e r e p r od u c e d , t h a t t h e P y r a m i d s p r e c e d e d t h e i n v e n t i on of H i e r og l y p h i c s .
It h a s b e e n m a i n t a i n e d , a n d i s d e m a n d e d b y m a n y of t h e l e a r n e d t ob e a d m i t t e d , a s a p os t u l a -
t u m ,
t h a t i n e v e r y c ou n t r y t h e f i r s t a t t e m p t s t ow a r d s w r i t i n g c on s i s t e d i n a r u d e d e l i n e a t i on of
m a t e r i a l or p h y s i c a l ob j e c t s . N ow t h i s Ic a n n ot a l l ow
: a n d Ic a l l f or p r oof of t h e a s s e r t i on . I
m a i n t a i n t h a t t h e r e i s n ot on l y n oe v i d e n c e i n i t s s u p p or t , b u t Ia m q u i t e c e r t a i n t h a t t h e r e i s
m u c h e v i d e n c e of t h e d i r e c t c on t r a r y
. P l a t o, C i c e r o, P l i n y , D i od or u s , a n d ot h e r s , h a v e b e e n
q u ot e d t op r ov e t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s w e r e t h e i n v e n t or s of l e t t e r s
; b u t a l l t h e y s a y , w h e n t h e i r w h ol e
t e x t a n d c on t e x t a r e c on s i d e r e d , i s , t h a t l e t t e r s c a m e f r om E g y p t t ot h e W e s t , or t h a t a c e r t a i n
T h ot h , w h om Ih a v e c l e a r l y p r ov e d t oh a v e b e e n t h e Bu d d h a of In d i a , i n v e n t e d t h e m
. T h e v e r y
c i r c u m s t a n c e of T h ot h or Bu d d h a h a v i n g i n v e n t e d t h e m , p r ov e s t h e m n ot of E g y p t i a n or i g i n a l
.
T h e i d e a t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s s h ou l d i n v e n t a n d u s e t h e c om p l i c a t e d s y s t e m on t h e i r m on u m e n t s ,
w h e n t h e y kn e w t h e m or e s i m p l e s y s t e m n ow p r a c t i s e d , h a s b e e n t u r n e d i n t or i d i c u l e
. Bu t t h e s a m e
a r g u m e n t s a p p l y a g a i n s t t h e i r c on t i n u e d u s e of t h e c om p l i c a t e d s y s t e m t ot h e t i m e of t h e A n t o-
n i n e s a s t ot h e i r f i r s t a d op t i on of t h e m , i f t h e y d i d s ol on g u s e t h e m . T h e a r g u m e n t w i l l p r ov e
t h a t t h e y h a d n ot t h e u s e of a l p h a b e t i c w r i t i n g i n t h e t i m e of t h e A n t on i n e s . It a ke u p t h e a r g u -
m e n t a n d s a y , It i s p r ov e d b y M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C o . , t h a t h i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e i n u s e i n t h e t i m e s of
t h e Rom a n E m p e r or s
:
t h i s , t h e r e f or e , i s a c l e a r p r oof t h a t t h e Rom a n s a s w e l l a s E g y p t i a n s w e r e
i g n or a n t of t h e u s e of a l p h a b e t i c w r i t i n g , q . e . d .
T h i s i s a f a i r a n d c on c l u s i v e a r g u m e n t a g a i n s t
M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on
. Bu t i r on y a p a r t , Im u s t s a y Ic a n s e e n oot h e r w a y of a c c ou n t
i n g f or t h e c on t i n u a n c e of t h i s s y s t e m , i f i t d i d c on t i n u e , t ot h e t i m e of t h e Rom a n s , t h a n a w i s h
f or c on c e a l m e n t f r om t h e v u l g a r . W h a t e l s e c ou l d i n d u c e t h e m t oc on t i n u e t h i s m os t c om p l i c a t e d
s y s t e m , w h e n t h e y m i g h t h a v e u s e d t h e b e a u t i f u l G r e e kl e t t e r s , w e l l kn ow n a n d a l w a y s c om m on
i n
E g y p t a f t e r t h e t i m e of A l e x a n d e r , n e a r l y f ou r h u n d r e d y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t ? F or m y t h e or y ,
v i z . t h a t t h e y w e r e u s e d f or c on c e a l m e n t , Is h e w a p l a u s i b l e r e a s on i n a d d i t i on t ot h e s u p p or t of
h i s t or i c a l e v i d e n c e ; b u t t h e op p on e n t s of m y op i n i on c a n g i v e n or e a s on f or t h e i r s . In a d d i t i on
t ot h e a b ov e , m a n y r ol l s of P a p y r i , c ov e r e d w i t h l e t t e r s , h a v e b e e n f ou n d i n c l os e d i n m u m m i e s ,
of w h i c h t h e c a s e s a r e c ov e r e d w i t h h i e r og l y p h i c s .
3 . It i s s a i d b y a v e r y a b l e w r i t e r i n t h e E d i n b u r g h Re v i e w , w h oi s c on s i d e r e d t h e g r e a t a d v o-
c a t e of M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on ' s d i s c ov e r y , " T h a t t h e h i e r og l y p h i c i n s c r i p t i on s , e x e c u t e d
~ ~ s ol a t e a s t h e r e i g n of A n t on i n u s , a r e r e a d i n t ot h e v e r y s a m e l a n g u a g e a s t h os e w h i c h b e l on g t o
~ ~ t h e a g e of S e s os t r i s . N or i s t h i s a t a l l r e m a r ka b l e or e x t r a or d i n a r y : f or i n t h e E a s t , l a n g u a g e ,
~ ~ L IK E E V E RY T H IN G E L S E , i s i m m u t a b l e . " Im m u t a b l e i n t h e E a s t ! G ood G od 1 i m m u t a b l e !
Y e t t h e r e a r e h u n d r e d s of d i f f e r e n t l a n g u a g e s , h u n d r e d s of s e c t s , t h e h i g h e s t r e f i n e m e n t a n d s ki l l
i n m a n u f a c t u r e s of a l l ki n d s , w h i c h m u s t h a v e b e e n b r ou g h t t op e r f e c t i on b y d e g r e e s , g r e a t
c h a n g e s i n Re l i g i on s , a n d a c c ou n t s of u n c e a s i n g r e v ol u t i on s i n g ov e r n m e n t s 1 Bu t i n t h e s t a t e
4 8 4

E d i n b u r g h Re v i e w on C h a n g e of L a n g u a g e
t h e y n ow a r e , t h e y m u s t h a v e b e e n c r e a t e d t h ou s a n d s of y e a r s a g o, f or n ot h i n g c h a n g e s i n t h e
E a s t ! E v e r y t h i n g i s a s i t w a s or i g i n a l l y c r e a t e d ! A l l i s i m m u t a b l e ! T h i s s e e m s v e r y e x t r a -
or d i n a r y . Ikn ow n os p oke n l a n g u a g e w h i c h h a s n ot g r e a t l y c h a n g e d , e x c e p t t h e s a c r e d l a n g u a g e
of t h e P e n t a t e u c h , a n d t h e s a c r e d a r t i f i c i a l l a n g u a g e of t h e H i n d oos , t h e S a n s c r i t , - a n d e v e n t h e y
h a v e n ot b e e n e n t i r e l y e x e m p t f r om t h e l a w t ow h i c h e v e r y t h i n g i n t h i s s u b l u n a r y w or l d , a n d
p r ob a b l y i n t h e w h ol e c r e a t i on , i s s u b j e c t
. E v e r y c on s t a n t l y - u s e d l a n g u a g e , l i ke e v e r y t h i n g e l s e ,
h a s c h a n g e d a n d a l w a y s w i l l c h a n g e , a n d t h a t g r e a t l y i n l on g p e r i od s
; a n d on e of t h e m os t s u s -
p i c i ou s c i r c u m s t a n c e s w h i c h Ikn ow of , r e l a t i n g t ot h i s s u b j e c t i s , t h a t t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s of t h e t i m e
a t t r i b u t e d t oS e s os t r i s s h ou l d b e c a p a b l e of b e i n g r e a d i n t ot h e C op t i c of t h e t i m e of A n t on i n u s , -
t h e C op t i c n ot b e i n g a s a c r e d or s e c r e t , b u t a c om m on l y - s p oke n , l a n g u a g e
. N ot w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e
i n g e n u i t y d i s p l a y e d b y M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C o . , a n d t h e a p p a r e n t r e a s on a b l e n e s s of t h e i r a r g u -
m e n t s , t h i s s i m p l e f a c t s e e m s t om e t ob e s oc on t r a r y t oa l l e x p e r i e n c e a n d t oa l l p r ob a b i l i t y a s t o
c a s t a s h a d e of s u s p i c i on ov e r t h e i r w h ol e s y s t e m i n t h e v e r y ou t s e t
. It i s q u i t e i m p os s i b l e n ot
t ob e l i e v e , t h a t t h e C op t i c , a d m i t t e d t oh a v e b e e n t h e c om m on l y - s p oke n l a n g u a g e of t h e c ou n t r y ,
( p a s s i n g t h r ou g h t h e t i m e s of t h e E t h i op i a n s , t h e S h e p h e r d K i n g s , t h e Is r a e l i t e s , t h e P e r s i a n s ,
t h e G r e e ks )i n t h e w h ol e f or m or e t h a n t w ot h ou s a n d y e a r s , )m u s t h a v e s oc h a n g e d a s t o
r e n d e r i t i m p r a c t i c a b l e t or e a d t h e s y m b ol i c or h i e r og l y p h i c w r i t i n g of t h e C op t i c l a n g u a g e of S e -
s os t r i s i n t ot h e C op t i c of A n t on i n u s .
M y op i n i on u p on t h i s p oi n t i s f u l l y c on f i r m e d b y a n ob s e r v a t i on of D r
. Y ou n g ' s , i n on e of h i s
l e t t e r s : t " In t h e f ou r or f i v e h u n d r e d y e a r s w h i c h e l a p s e d b e t w e e n t h e d a t e of t h e i n s c r i p t i on
" a n d t h a t of t h e ol d e s t C op t i c b ooks e x t a n t , t h e l a n g u a g e a p p e a r s t oh a v e c h a n g e d m u c h m or e
" t h a n t h os e of G r e e c e a n d It a l y h a v e c h a n g e d i n t w ot h ou s a n d
. " A g a i n h e s a y s , " T h e E g y p -
t i a n l a n g u a g e m u s t h a v e v a r i e d c on s i d e r a b l y i n t h e t i m e w h i c h e l a p s e d b e t w e e n t h e p u b l i c a t i on
" of t h e d e c r e e , a n d t h e d a t e of t h e e a r l i e s t C op t i c w or ks w h i c h w e p os s e s s
. " 2
It h i n kn oon e w i l l d e n y t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s y s t e m , a s e x p l a i n e d b y M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m -
p ol l i on , i s on e of e x t r e m e c om p l i c a t i on
; a n d f or t h i s r e a s on , i f t h e y b e r i g h t , a m on g a l l t h e ot h e r s
w h i c h Is h a l l g i v e , It h i n ki t p r ob a b l e t h a t i t w a s a s e c r e t s y s t e m . T h i s i s n ot h i n g a g a i n s t t h e i r
t h e or i e s , a n d a g r e e s w i t h m i n e , t h e r e a s on i n g on w h i c h , If e e l c on f i d e n t t h a t t h e y c a n n ot r e f u t e
.
If t h e i r t h e or y b e a d m i t t e d , t h e y s e e m t oh a v e s u c c e e d e d i n m a ki n g ou t t h e n a m e s of s om e of t h e
ki n g s
; b u t Iy e t f e a r , e v e n w i t h t h e a b ov e a d m i s s i on , w h i c h Im a ke on l y f or t h e s a ke of a r g u m e n t ,
t h a t , i n w h ol e s e n t e n c e s , f r om t h e g r e a t
. n u m b e r of t h e P h on e t i c c h a r a c t e r s , t h e i r e x p l a n a t i on s
c a n n ot b e d e p e n d e d on .
It h i n ki t h a s b e e n s a t i s f a c t or i l y p r ov e d , t h a t E g y p t w a s n ot t h e or i g i n a l b i r t h - p l a c e of l e t t e r s ,
t h a t i s , of s c i e n c e or l e a r n i n g
; b u t t h a t i t c a m e t oh e r , a s w e l l a s t oG r e e c e , f r om t h e E a s t , a n d
t h a t , a s i t c ou l d n ot w e l l c om e a n y ot h e r w a y , i t p r ob a b l y c a m e b y w a y of Ba b y l on . T h e n , i f s h e
w e r e n ot t h e i n v e n t r e s s of l e t t e r s , h ow e l s e a r e w e t oa c c ou n t f or t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s , e x c e p t t h a t
t h e y w e r e a s e c r e t s y s t e m ? T h e s y s t e m of s e c r e c y w a s i n p e r f e c t ke e p i n g w i t h t h e g e n e r a l
p r a c t i c e of p r i e s t s a n d p h i l os op h e r s a l l ov e r t h e w or l d a t t h a t t i m e
. A l l a n c i e n t a u t h or s a g r e e i n
t e l l i n g u s , t h a t t h e i r s e c r e t s w e r e c on c e a l e d u n d e r t h e g a r b of h i e r og l y p h i c s .
4 . Re s p e c t i n g t h e c h a n g e i n t h e C op t i c l a n g u a g e , Ic on s i d e r w h a t Ih a v e s t a t e d t oc on s t i t u t e a
v e r y f or m i d a b l e ob j e c t i on
; b u t t h e r e i s on e m u c h m or e f or m i d a b l e i n t h e f a c t t h a t S t r a b o, on e of
t h e m os t r e s p e c t a b l e of t h e a n c i e n t G r e e ka u t h or s , b e l i e v e d t h e i r m e a n i n g t ob e l os t .
S t r a b oa e x p r e s s l y s a y s , t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s w e r e m e r e s a c r i f i c e r s , w i t h ou t a n y kn ow l e d g e of
t h e i r a n c i e n t p h i l os op h y a n d r e l i g i on
. M r . P a y n e K n i g h t , i n h i s e s s a y on S y m b ol i c a l L a n g u a g e ,
' M u s
. C r i t . C a m b r i d g e , N o . V I . p . 1 7 2 .

1 Ib i d
. p . 1 8 2 .

8 L i b
. x v i i
.
BookIX
. C h a p t e r II
. S e c t i on 4

4 8 5
a f t e r m a ki n g s om e ob s e r v a t i on s on t h e a b ov e - c i t e d p a s s a g e , g i v e s a n u m b e r of s t r i ki n g r e a s on s t o
p r ov e t h a t t h e m e a n i n g of t h e i r h i e r og l y p h i c s w a s l os t b y t h e E g y p t i a n s i n t h e t i m e of S t r a b o, a s
w e l l a s t h a t of t h e i r r e l i g i on . I M r . K n i g h t ob s e r v e s , t h a t " i n E g y p t , p r ob a b l y A S IN O T H E R
C O U N T RIE S , z e a l a n d kn ow l e d g e s u b s i s t e d i n i n v e r s e p r op or t i on s t oon e a n ot h e r . " T h e ob s e r -
v a t i on i s v e r y s e v e r e , b u t , a l a s
!
t oot r u e
.
Ib e l i e v e t h a t D i od or u s S i c u l u s m a y b e r a n ke d w i t h
S t r a b o .
It h a s b e e n r e p l i e d t om e , t h a t S t r a b oa n d D i od or u s d on ot
s a y
t h e m e a n i n g of t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s
w a s u n kn ow n . T h i s i s t r u e : b u t i t i s a s c l e a r a s t h e s u n t h a t t h e y w e r e u n kn ow n t ot h e f or m e r ,
a n d t h a t h e t h ou g h t t h e m l os t . C a n i t b e b e l i e v e d t h a t , i f t h e y h a d kn ow n t h e m e a n i n g of t h e m , a n d
i f t h e y h a d c on t a i n e d a c c ou n t s of t h e m y t h ol og y or h i s t or y , t h e y w ou l d n ot h a v e q u ot e d t h e m
?
If
t h e y h a d b e e n h i s t or i c a l , t h e y m u s t , i n s om e m e a s u r e , h a v e b e e n m y t h ol og i c a l : a n d w h e n D i od or u s
w a s p r of e s s i n g t od e s c r i b e t h e m y t h ol og y , a n d c e n s u r i n g h i s p r e d e c e s s or s f or d e c l i n i n g t od e s c r i b e
i t on a c c ou n t of i t s d i f f i c u l t y , 2 i t i s i m p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e t h a t h e w ou l d n ot i n s om e w a y h a v e
r e f e r r e d t ot h e m
. A s t h e y w e r e a l w a y s s u p p os e d t oc on t a i n t h e h i s t or y , i f t h e y h a d r e a l l y c on -
t a i n e d i t , t h e s e a u t h or s m u s t h a v e t ol d u s t h e p a r t i c u l a r s of i t . T h e r e a r e t w ot h i n g s w h i c h
a p p e a r i r r e c on c i l e a b l e - t h e p l a u s i b l e a c c ou n t s of M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on , a n d t h e i g n o-
r a n c e of t h e h i s t or i a n s a t t h e v e r y t i m e t h a t t h e Rom a n E m p e r or s a n d P t ol e m i e s a r e a l l e g e d b y
M e s s r s . Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on t oh a v e b e e n u s i n g t h e m .
If t h e p a s s a g e of D i od or u s w e r e t a ke n b y i t s e l f , i t w ou l d c e r t a i n l y b e a g a i n s t m e
: b u t w h e n i t
i s c on s i d e r e d i n c on n e x i on w i t h t h e ot h e r c i r c u m s t a n c e s , It h i n ki t w i l l a m ou n t t on ot h i n g m or e
t h a n t h e i d l e b oa s t of t h e p r i e s t s , u n w i l l i n g t oa d m i t t h e i r i g n or a n c e t ot h e i n q u i s i t i v e G r e e k
; a n d
i t m os t c l e a r l y p r ov e s t h a t h e d i d n ot u n d e r s t a n d t h e s e l e t t e r s , s a i d t ob e a p p l i c a b l e t ot h e p u r p os e s

c om m on l i f e , a n d t h a t t h e p r i e s t s d i d n ot e x p l a i n t h e m t oh i m . Bu t t h e f ol l ow i n g i s t h e p a s s a g e
t a ke n f r om Boot h ' s t r a n s l a t i on . E v e r y on e m u s t j u d g e f or h i m s e l f .
" Bu t l e s t w e s h ou l d om i t t h i n g s t h a t a r e a n c i e n t a n d r e m a r ka b l e , i t i s f i t s om e t h i n g s h ou l d b e
" s a i d of t h e E t h i op i c c h a r a c t e r s , a n d of t h os e w h i c h t h e E g y p t i a n s c a l l H i e r og l y p h i c s .
" T h e E t h i op i c l e t t e r s r e p r e s e n t t h e s h a p e s of d i v e r s b e a s t s , p a r t s a n d m e m b e r s of m e n ' s

b od i e s , a n d a r t i f i c e r s ' t ool s a n d i n s t r u m e n t s . F or , b y t h e i r w r i t i n g , t h e y d on ot e x p r e s s a n y

t h i n g b y c om p os i t i on of s y l l a b l e s , b u t b y t h e s i g n i f i c a t i on of i m a g e s a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i on s , t h e
"
m e a n i n g of t h e m b e i n g e n g r a v e n a n d f i x e d i n t h e m e m or y b y u s e a n d e x e r c i s e . F or s om e t i m e s

t h e y d r a w t h e s h a p e of a ki t e , c r oc od i l e , or s e r p e n t ; s om e t i m e s t h e m e m b e r s of a m a n ' s b od y ,
" a s t h e e y e , t h e h a n d , t h e f a c e , a n d s u c h l i ke . T h e ki t e s i g n i f i e s a l l t h i n g s t h a t a r e q u i c kl y d i s -
p

a t c h e d ; b e c a u s e t h i s b i r d f l i e s t h e s w i f t e s t a l m os t of a n y ot h e r . F or r e a s on p r e s e n t l y a p p l i e s
" i t b y a s u i t a b l e i n t e r p r e t a t i on t oe v e r y t h i n g t h a t i s s u d d e n a n d q u i c k, or of s u c h n a t u r e , a s p e r -

f e c t l y a s i f t h e y h a d b e e n s p oke n
. T h e c r oc od i l e i s t h e e m b l e m of m a l i c e :
t h e e y e t h e p r e s e r v e r

of j u s t i c e , a n d t h e g u a r d of t h e b od y . A m on g s t t h e m e m b e r s of t h e b od y , t h e r i g h t h a n d , w i t h
" op e n f i n g e r s , s i g n i f i e s p l e n t y ; t h e l e f t , w i t h t h e f i n g e r s c l os e , p r e s e r v a t i on a n d c u s t od y of m e n ' s
" g ood s a n d e s t a t e s .
"
T h e s a m e w a y of r e a s on i n g e x t e n d s t oa l l ot h e r p a r t s of t h e b od y , a n d t h e f or m s of t ool s a n d
" a l l ot h e r t h i n g s ; f or b e i n g t h a t t h e y d i l i g e n t l y p r y i n t ot h e h i d d e n s i g n i f i c a t i on of e v e r y t h i n g ,

a n d h a v e t h e i r m i n d s a n d m e m or i e s d a i l y e m p l oy e d w i t h c on t i n u a l e x e r c i s e , t h e y e x a c t l y r e a d
" a n d u n d e r s t a n d e v e r y t h i n g c ou c h e d w i t h i n t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s . " L i b . i i i . c a p . 1 .
T h e s i l e n c e of t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t or e s p e c t i n g t h e p a s s a g e s of S t r a b oa n d D i od or u s , 3 s e e m s t o
s p e w a c on s c i ou s n e s s on h i s p a r t t h a t t h e y c on t a i n e d n ot h i n g i n h i s f a v ou r .
' V i d e S e c t . 6 4 - 6 6 .

2
V i d e P r e f a c e .

3
S e e p
. 9 , P r e f a c e .
4 8 6

N a m e s of t h e P t ol e m i e s a n d Rom a n E m p e r or s on M on u m e n t s
Ib e l i e v e t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e n e v e r i n t e n d e d t ob e r e a d , e x c e p t b y t h os e w h or e c e i v e d , b y
t r a d i t i on , t h e e x p l a n a t i on of t h e d i f f e r e n t s y m b ol s or f i g u r e s
. T h e p r i e s t s h a v i n g b e e n m u r d e r e d
b y C a m b y s e s , t h e s e c r e t w a s l os t
. ( It w a s n ot t h e s a m e w i t h t h e M e x i c a n H i e r og l y p h i c s
. T h e r e
w a s t h i s i m p or t a n t d i f f e r e n c e , t h a t t h e i r t r a d i t i on a r y m e a n i n g w a s n ot l os t
;
f or t h e S p a n i a r d s
ob t a i n e d i t a n d p r e s e r v e d i t , i n L a t i n or S p a n i s h , a l t h ou g h t h e y m u r d e r e d t h e p r i e s t s . )N od ou b t
t h i s t r a d i t i on a r y kn ow l e d g e of t h e E g y p t i a n s w ou l d c on s t i t u t e a g r e a t p a r t of t h e l e a r n i n g of t h a t
d a y .
5 . A c c or d i n g t oM
. C h a m p ol l i on , w e h a v e n ot on l y t h e n a m e s of t h e P t ol e m i e s a n d t h e i r w i v e s
on t h e p u b l i c m on u m e n t s , b u t w e h a v e t h e n a m e s of Rom a n E m p e r or s , t oa d a t e l on g a f t e r t h e
t i m e of S t r a b oa n d D i od or u s , - a n d t h os e n a m e s , i n s om e i n s t a n c e s , i n s u c h s i t u a t i on s on t h e m ,
t h a t t h e r e i s n or oom w h a t e v e r f or s u s p e c t i n g t h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n e n g r a v e d u p on ol d n a m e s
e r a s e d , or on b u i l d i n g s r e n e w e d
. T h e f a c t of t h e s e n a m e s b e i n g f ou n d , b y M . C h a m p ol l i on ' s
p r oc e s s , w i l l of i t s e l f p r ov e t h a t h i s p l a n w i l l e n a b l e h i m , a s Is u s p e c t e d , t om a ke t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s
s p e a kj u s t w h a t h e p l e a s e s .
If t h e n a m e s of t h e P t ol e m i e s , C l e op a t r a , t h e Rom a n E m p e r or s , &c
. , a r e n ow t ob e f ou n d u p on
t h e b u i l d i n g s , ob e l i s ks , &c . i n H i e r og l y p h i c s , i t i s v e r y c e r t a i n t h a t i n t h e i r t i m e t h e y m u s t h a v e
b e e n u n d e r s t ood , a n d of c ou r s e t h e y c ou l d n ot h a v e b e e n l os t i n t h e t i m e of S t r a b oa n d D i od or u s
.
Bu t u p on t h i s s u b j e c t w h a t s a y s t h e v e r y a b l e w r i t e r , a n d f r i e n d of t h e d i s c ov e r y , i n t h e E d i n -
b u r g h Re v i e w ? H e s h a l l s p e a kf or h i m s e l f :
" T h e f a c t u n d ou b t e d l y i s , t h a t t h e c l a s s i c a l w r i t e r s

s u p p l y u s w i t h on l y a f e w v a g u e a n d g e n e r a l n ot i c e s , w h i c h , b u t f or r e c e n t d i s c ov e r i e s , w ou l d
" b e n e a r l y u n i n t e l l i g i b l e :
w h i l e t h e y a t on c e a g g r a v a t e a n d a p ol og i z e f or t h e i r i g n or a n c e b y

a s s e r t i n g , t h a t , a s E g y p t w a s t h e p a r e n t of a r t a n d s c i e n c e , s ot h e H i e r og l y p h i c a l i n s c r i p t i on s
"
on i t s p u b l i c m on u m e n t s c on t a i n a s u m m a r y of t h e m os t i m p or t a n t m y s t e r i e s of n a t u r e , a n d
"
t h e m os t s u b l i m e i n v e n t i on s of m a n , b u t t h a t t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i on of t h e s e c h a r a c t e r s h a d b e e n s o
` ~ s t u d i ou s l y c on c e a l e d b y t h e p r i e s t s f r om t h e kn ow l e d g e of t h e v u l g a r , a n d h a d i n d e e d b e e n s o

i m p e r f e c t l y u n d e r s t ood e v e n b y t h e m s e l v e s , t h a t i t w a s s oon w h ol l y l os t a n d f or g ot t e n . " '

N ot h i n g c a n b e m or e t r u e t h a n t h e a c c ou n t of t h i s l e a r n e d Re v i e w e r . Bu t w h y a f t e r w a r d d e n y
t h a t t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e a s a c r e d s y s t e m ? Iw i l l i n g l y e n d t h e a r g u m e n t b y s a y i n g , l e t u s
s u b s t i t u t e f or s a c r e d , t h e Re v i e w e r ' s ow n w or d , c on c e a l e d or S E C RE T . Iw a n t n om or e . It w a s
f or t h e s a ke of t h i s S E C RE C Y or c on c e a l m e n t t h a t t h e y w e r e i n v e n t e d , a n d w e r e c on t i n u e d l on g ,
v e r y l on g , a f t e r t h e i n v e n t i on of a l p h a b e t i c w r i t i n g , a n d b y n oot h e r m e a n s c a n t h e i r c on t i n u a n c e
b e a c c ou n t e d f or .
H ow c a n a n y on e r e a d t h e e x t r a c t a b ov e f r om t h e Re v i e w , a n d n ot s e e , i f i t b e t r u e , t h a t a l l t h e
c l a s s i c a l w r i t e r s , m a n y of t h e m i n t h e t i m e , a n d i n t h e c on f i d e n c e , of t h e m a s t e r s of E g y p t , t h e
Rom a n E m p e r or s , a n d c on s e q u e n t l y t h e E m p e r or s t h e m s e l v e s i n i t i a t e d i n t h e m y s t e r i e s , b e l i e v e d
t h e kn ow l e d g e of t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s t ob e l os t ? - a f a c t a d m i t t e d e v e n b y t h e Re v i e w e r . H ow i s
i t p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e t h a t t h e y w e r e a l l d e c e i v e d ?
If i t w e r e l os t , i t i s p r e t t y m u c h t h e s a m e a s
i f i t w e r e c on c e a l e d
. H ow i s t h e op i n i on of t h e c l a s s i c w r i t e r s g i v e n a b ov e t ob e r e c on c i l e d w i t h
w h a t t h e Re v i e w e r s a y s , t h a t t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s c on s t i t u t e d a r e a l w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e a p p l i c a b l e t o
t h e p u r p os e s of h i s t or y a n d
C O M M O N L IF E ? 2 -
a n d t h i s w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e u n kn ow n t os u c h a n
i n q u i r e r a s S t r a b o- a m a n p r of e s s i n g t og i v e t h e b e s t i n f or m a t i on r e s p e c t i n g t h e m w h i c h h e c ou l d
c ol l e c t !
Bu t Is h a l l b e t ol d t h a t w e h a v e t h e a u t h or i t y of a f a t h e r of t h e c h u r c h , C l e m e n s
A l e x a n d r i n u s , w h ot e l l s u s w h a t t h e y w e r e . Y e s , i n d e e d , a n d i n s u c h l a n g u a g e , s oc l e a r , t h a t n o
t w ot r a n s l a t or s h a v e y e t b e e n a b l e t oa g r e e i n op i n i on a s t oh i s m e a n i n g . F or m y ow n p a r t , I
'
E d i n . Re v . N o . L XXXIX . p . 9 8 .

2
P . 1 0 7 .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r II
. S e c t i on 7
b e l i e v e h e h a d n oc l e a r i d e a , b u t m e r e l y e x p r e s s e d a n op i n i on , - i n f a c t a s u s p i c i on , of t h e n a t u r e
of t h e s y s t e m , p r op e r l y c a l l e d H i e r og l y p h i c a l .
6
. T h e f ol l ow i n g i s t h e t r a n s l a t i on of t h e p a s s a g e of C l e m e n s , I g i v e n b y t h e E n c y c l op a e d i a
Br i t a n n i c a : 2 " T h e p u p i l s w h ow e r e i n s t r u c t e d b y t h e E g y p t i a n s f i r s t l e a r n e d t h e or d e r a n d t h e
" a r r a n g e m e n t of t h e E g y p t i a n l e t t e r s , w h i c h i s c a l l e d
e p i s t ol og r a p h y , t h a t i s , t h e m a n n e r of
" w r i t i n g l e t t e r s
; n e x t t h e s a c r e d c h a r a c t e r w h i c h t h e s a c r e d s c r i b e s e m p l oy e d ; l a s t l y , t h e

H i e r og l y p h i c c h a r a c t e r , on e p a r t of w h i c h i s e x p r e s s e d b y t h e f i r s t e l e m e n t s , a n d i s c a l l e d
c y r i ol og i c , t h a t i s c a p i t a l , a n d t h e ot h e r s y m b ol i c .
O f t h e s y m b ol i c ki n d , on e p a r t e x p l a i n s
" p r op e r l y b y i m i t a t i on ;
a n d t h e ot h e r i s w r i t t e n t r op i c a l l y , t h a t i s , i n t r op e s a n d f i g u r e s ; a n d a
"
t h i r d b y c e r t a i n e n i g m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i on s . A c c or d i n g l y , w h e n w e i n t e n d t ow r i t e t h e w or d s u n
w e d e s c r i b e a c i r c l e ; a n d w h e n t h e m oon
t h e f i g u r e of t h a t p l a n e t a p p e a r i n g h or n e d , c on f or m a b l e
" t ot h e a p p e a r a n c e of t h a t l u m i n a r y a f t e r t h e c h a n g e
. " F r om a n a t t e n t i v e c on s i d e r a t i on of t h e
a b ov e p a s s a g e , i t m u s t b e a l l ow e d t h a t i t c on v e y s n or e a s on w h a t e v e r t ob e l i e v e , t h a t t h e H i e r o-
g l y p h i c s w e r e u n d e r s t ood i n t h e t i m e of C l e m e n s e i t h e r b y h i m or b y a n y on e e l s e
. In r e p l y t o
t h i s i t w i l l b e s a i d , Bu t w e kn ow t h a t t h e y w e r e n ot l os t i n t h e t i m e of t h e P t ol e m i e s , b e c a u s e w e
h a v e t h e Ros e t t a s t on e i n t h r e e l a n g u a g e s . T h i s a p p e a r s a t f i r s t s i g h t a v e r y f a i r a n d p l a u s i b l e
a r g u m e n t - a n a r g u m e n t v e r y d i f f i c u l t t oa n s w e r , a n d a f a c t v e r y d i f f i c u l t t or e c on c i l e t ot h e
u n a n i m ou s a d m i s s i on of t h e c l a s s i c a l w r i t e r s , t h a t t h e y w e r e n ol on g e r kn ow n . F or , h ow i s i t
p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e , t h a t a l l t h e s e w r i t e r s s h ou l d b e i g n or a n t t h a t i n t h e i r t i m e , i t w a s t h e p r a c t i c e
t ow r i t e i n s c r i p t i on s on s t on e s i n H i e r og l y p h i c s , a c c om p a n i e d b y t r a n s l a t i on s i n t ot h e C op t i c a n d
G r e e kl a n g u a g e s ?
Bu t w h e n t h e y w e r e i n q u i r i n g i n t ot h e m e a n i n g of t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s , w h y d i d t h e y n ot g ot o
t h e t r i p l e i n s c r i p t i on f or i n f or m a t i on ?
W h e n t h e E g y p t i a n s m a d e t h e i n s c r i p t i on i n G r e e ka n d C op t i c , w h a t c ou l d b e t h e ob j e c t of
u s i n g a l s ot h e s e c r e t l e t t e r ?
W a s i t t oi n f or m t h e p r i e s t s i g n or a n t of C op t i c or G r e e k ; or , w a s
i t f or f e a r t h e s e l a n g u a g e s s h ou l d b e l os t , a n d t h e r e f or e t h e y u s e d t h e s a c r e d c h a r a c t e r , t h a t t h e
v a l u a b l e i n f or m a t i on s h ou l d b e p r e s e r v e d i n i t , w h e n t h e ot h e r s w e r e g on e ? It m a y b e s a i d , t h a t
t h ou g h i t s e e m s f ool i s h e n ou g h t ou s e t h r e e l a n g u a g e s , y e t t h i s ki n d of f ol l y i s v e r y
c om m on .
Ig r a n t t h a t t h e a r g u m e n t s e e m s g ood , f or w e c a n s c a r c e l y e v e r g i v e m a n c r e d i t f or t oo
m u c h f ol l y , or f or t ool i t t l e w i s d om .
Ic on t e n d t h a t t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e a s y s t e m m a d e c om p l i c a t e d , a s M
. C h a m p ol l i on h a s
d e s c r i b e d t h e m , i f t h e y b e s oc om p l i c a t e d , f or t h e e x p r e s s p u r p os e of p r e v e n t i n g t h e i r d i s c ov e r y ;
a n d Ic on t e n d , a l s o, t h a t t h i s r e m ov e s a l l t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s of t h e i r h i s t or y , a n d r e n d e r s e v e r y p a r t of
i t c on s i s t e n t w i t h a l l t h e h i s t or i c a l a c c ou n t s , w i t h e x p e r i e n c e , a n d w i t h m y t h e or y
.
7 .
Ip r e t e n d n ot t of i x t h e y e a r of t h e J e w i s h E x od
; b u t Ib e l i e v e i n t h a t E x od , a n d t h a t
H i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e i n v e n t e d a f t e r i t . T h e c on q u e s t s of J os h u a , Ic on t e n d , a r e
D E C IS IV E L Y
P RO V E D
b y a s p e c i e s of e v i d e n c e w h i c h n op h i l os op h e r c a n d e n y , i n t h e s i x t h c h a p t e r a n d t h i r t i e t h
s e c t i on , a n d t h e n ot e u p on i t , i n t h e l a s t p a g e of t h e A p p e n d i x t om y C E L T IC D RU ID S ; n ot b y
t h e e v i d e n c e of l y i n g p r i e s t s , b u t b y c i r c u m s t a n c e a n d t h e e v i d e n c e of a n u n w i l l i n g w i t n e s s ; a n d
t h i s p r e t t y w e l l c a r r i e s
w i t h
i t
p r oof of t h e E x od
of
M os e s
.
F r om t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s b e i n g n o
w h e r e n ot i c e d i n t h e P e n t a t e u c h , t h e r e a r i s e s a p r ob a b i l i t y , ( b u t n ot a p r oof , I
a d m i t , )t h a t t h e y w e r e
u n kn ow n w h e n t h e Is r a e l i t e s l e f t E g y p t . Bu t e v e n i f t h e y w e r e kn ow n i n t h e t i m e of M os e s , m y
p r i n c i p a l a r g u m e n t i s n ot a f f e c t e d t h e r e b y . Is u p p os e t h a t t h e P y r a m i d s w e r e n ot i n s c r i b e d w i t h
t h e n a m e s of t h e i r b u i l d e r s , b e c a u s e ( n ot w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e i d l e s t or i e s t ol d t oH e r od ot u s )t h e y
1 1 S t r om . L i b . v .

2 A r t . P h i l ol og y , S e c t . 7 2 .
4 8 7
4 8 8

A n O b s e r v a t i on of M r . S a l t ' s
w e r e , w i t h t h e i r h i s t or y , u n kn ow n
; t h e r e f or e , u p on t h e m , t h e r e a r e n oh i e r og l y p h i c s . If t h e r e
b e u p on t h e b u i l d i n g s t h e n a m e s of ki n g s w h ol i v e d t h ou s a n d s of y e a r s b e f or e t h e t i m e of M os e s ,
t h i s d oe s n ot i n v a l i d a t e m y a r g u m e n t .
N ot h i n g i s m or e l i ke l y or n a t u r a l t h a n t h a t w h e n t h e
p r i e s t s i n v e n t e d t h e i r s y s t e m t o
r e c or d t h e i r h i s t or y , t h e y s h ou l d i n s c r i b e i t on t h e i r ol d b u i l d i n g s
a s w e l l a s t h e n a m e s of t h e ki n g s b y w h om t h e y w e r e b e l i e v e d t ob e b u i l t
. S om e f ool i s h S c ot c h -
m e n , Ia m t ol d , a r e a t t h i s t i m e e r e c t i n g a m on u m e n t t o J oh n K n ox ,
t h e b i g ot , t h e p e r s e c u t or ,
a n d t h e e n e m y of l i t e r a t u r e , t h e d i s g r a c e of t h e i r c ou n t r y , l on g a f t e r h i s d e a t h
; s ot h e E g y p t i a n s
m a y h a v e d on e t ot h e i r w or t h i e s
. O n t h i s s u p p os i t i on , i t i s v e r y n a t u r a l t h a t t h e h i s t or y a n d
n a m e s of ki n g s , i n t h e t i m e of S e s os t r i s , s h ou l d r e a d i n t ot h e C op t i c of t h e t i m e of t h e P t ol e m i e s ,
a s i t i s a s s e r t e d a b ov e t h a t t h e y d o
: a n d t h u s a c on s i d e r a b l e i m p e d i m e n t t oa b e l i e f i n t h e r e a l i t y
of M
. C h a m p ol l i on ' s s y s t e m i s
. r e m ov e d , a n d Iw ou l d , w i t h p l e a s u r e , r e m ov e a l l t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s
i f i t w e r e i n m y p ow e r .
It s e e m s t om e t ob e p r ob a b l e t h a t t h e y w e r e i n v e n t e d d u r i n g t h e p e r i od ,
e m b r a c i n g m a n y h u n d r e d s of y e a r s , w h i c h p a s s e d ' b e t w e e n t h e E x od of M os e s a n d t h e c on q u e s t
of C a m b y s e s . If t h e y w e r e i n v e n t e d m u c h b e f or e t h i s t i m e , t h e y w ou l d n ot r e a d i n t om od e r n
C op t i c
. W h a t Ic on t e n d f or e x a c t l y a g r e e s w i t h w h a t H e r od ot u s a n d D i od or u s s a y , t h a t t h e r e
w e r e t w oki n d s of c h a r a c t e r - t b e
i e g a
or s a c r e d , a n d 8 l l 1
. o- n x e t or t h e p op u l a r
. T h i s a l s oa g r e e s
w i t h t h e a u t h or i t y of t h e Ros e t t a s t on e ,
: ' ( i f w e a l l ow i t a n y c r e d i t , )w h i c h m a ke s m e n t i on of on l y
t w oki n d s of c h a r a c t e r s - t h e on e c a l l e d E N C H O RIA L ,
( e i XW ~ i a y p a j tu. or e s , )
or " c h a r a c t e r s of t h e
c ou n t r y , " e v i d e n t l y i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h e d e r n ot i c . c h a r a c t e r s of H e r od ot u s a n d D i od or u s
; a n d t h e ot h e r
S A C RE D
8 . M r . S a l t h a s ob s e r v e d ,
3
t h a t t h e r e i s n ot t h e t r a c e ( i n H i e r og l y p h i c s Is u p p os e h e m e a n s )
of a n y m on u m e n t r e m a i n i n g t h r ou g h ou t E g y p t or N u b i a , of e a r l i e r d a t e t h a n Ra m e s e s T h ot h -
m os i s , w h o, h e s a y s , t h e b e s t c h r on ol og i s t s a g r e e w a s n e a r l y c on t e m p or a r y w i t h M os e s . If M r .
S a l t b e r i g h t i n t h i s , In e e d n ot p oi n t ou t h ow m u c h i t t e n d s t oc on f i r m m y h y p ot h e s i s . It i s
s a i d b y t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t o, 4
t h a t t h e n a m e s of t h e l a t e r ki n g s of E g y p t a n d e m p e r or s of Rom e
a r e f ou n d on t h e m on u m e n t s of t h e e a r l i e s t p e r i od s
;
a n d t h a t t h e y w e r e s oi n s c r i b e d b y t h e s e
ki n g s or e m p e r or s i n or d e r t oob t a i n f or t h e m s e l v e s t h e h on ou r of h a v i n g e r e c t e d t h e m ; t h a t t h e
n a m e s of a l l t h e Rom a n e m p e r or s , f r om A u g u s t u s t oA n t on i n u s P i u s , e x c e p t G a l b a , O t h o, a n d
V i t e l l i u s , a r e f ou n d on s e v e r a l of t h e m , b ot h i n E g y p t a n d Rom e ; t h a t t h e s e v e r a l ob e l i s ks n ow
e x i s t i n g a t Rom e , s u c h a s t h e ob e l i s ks of t h e Ba r b a r i n i , t h e A l b a n i , t h e Bor g i a n , a n d P a m p h i l i a n ,
a n d a p a r t of t h e p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s a t P h i l oe , a n d t h e t e m p l e s a t E s n e a n d D e n d e r a , a r e c ov e r e d
w i t h l e g e n d s , c on t a i n i n g t h e n a m e s a n d t i t l e s of H a d r i a n , T i t u s , T i b e r i u s , N e r o, C l a u d i u s - i n
s h or t , of a l m os t a l l t h e Rom a n e m p e r or s , d ow n t ot h e f ou r t h c e n t u r y , t h e w h ol e w r i t t e n i n P h on e t i c
h i e r og l y p h i c s 5
N ow t h i s i s m on s t r ou s l y a b s u r d i n t h e c a s e of t h e ob e l i s ks b r ou g h t t oRom e , b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e
b r ou g h t a s a n t i q u a r i a n c u r i os i t i e s , a s a s p e c i e s of t r i u m p h a l m on u m e n t of t h e c on q u e s t s of t h e
Rom a n s
ov e r t h e E g y p t i a n s . It w ou l d h a v e b e e n e v e n m or e a b s u r d f or t h e Rom a n s t oi n s e r t
t h e i r n a m e s on t h e ob e l i s ks , t h a n f or M r
. Ba n ks t oe n g r a v e h i s on t h e ob e l i s kw h i c h h e b r ou g h t
f r om P h i l oe .
T h i s s e e m s t om e t os t r i ke a d e a d l y b l ow a t t h e w h ol e s y s t e m .
M r . S a l t , i n p . 3 1 of h i s E s s a y ,
6
h a s g i v e n a n a c c ou n t of a n ol d n a m e w h i c h , i n h i s op i n i on ,
h a s b e e n e r a s e d a n d a m od e r n P t ol e m y i n s e r t e d i n i t s p l a c e , b u t , f r om b a d w or km a n s h i p , i n on e
i n s t a n c e d i s c ov e r a b l e .
If a m od e r n f r a u d h a v e b e e n e x e c u t e d , t h i s m u s t h a v e b e e n a p a r t of i t ,
1
T h e r e b e i n g i n r e a l i t y n o s y s t e m of c h r on ol og y .

s
E d i n . Re v . N o . L XXXIX . p . 1 0 1 .
3
E s s a y , p . 5 4 .

4 P . 3 6 6 .

5 P . 1 0 0 .

6 V i d e S p i n e t o, p . 3 6 6 .
BookIX . C h a p t e r 1 1 . S e c t i on 1 0

4 8 9
a n d w a s e v i d e n t l y n e c e s s a r y . '
Bu t n ot w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e op i n i on of M r . S a l t , w h os e z e a l m a y
h a v e b l i n d e d h i s j u d g m e n t , Im u s t s a y Ih a v e s e e n n os a t i s f a c t or y p r oof t h a t t h e l e t t e r s of t h i s
n a m e a r e of m or e r e c e n t w or km a n s h i p t h a n t h e ot h e r s on t h e s a m e e d i f i c e s
; t h e r e f or e Ia m w a r -
r a n t e d i n b e l i e v i n g t h a t t h e r e i s n os u c h p r oof , t h a t t h e r e i s n of ou n d a t i on f or s u c h a n a s s e r t i on
b e s i d e s , i f t h e y b e s o, a s Ih a v e j u s t s a i d , t h e y a r e p r ob a b l y m od e r n f r a u d s . Id on ot r e c ol l e c t i n
h i s t or y a n y t h i n g e q u a l t ot h i s f ool i s h v a n i t y of t h e P t ol e m i e s a n d C a e s a r s - t h e g r a t i f i c a t i on of a
v a n i t y w h i c h m u s t h a v e r e n d e r e d t h e m c on t e m p t i b l e i n t h e h i g h e s t d e g r e e t ot h e i r s u b j e c t s , w h o
c ou l d s u r e l y n e v e r p a s s on e of t h e s e i n s c r i p t i on s i n t h i s
r e a l w r i t t e n l a n g u a g e , a p p l i c a b l e t o
t h e
p u r p os e s of c om m on l i f e , w i t h ou t a s m i l e of c on t e m p t - e v e n t h ou g h i t w e r e t h e g r a t i f i c a t i on of
s u c h a v a n i t y b y M a r c u s A u r e l i u s or T r a j a n
.
Ih op e t h e s e g e n t l e m e n d on ot j u d g e of s u c h m e n
a s T r a j a n a n d A n t on i n u s , b y t h e m s e l v e s
.
9 . S i r W i l l i a m D r u m m on d h a s m a d e t h e f ol l ow i n g v e r y i n g e n i ou s ob s e r v a t i on s on t h i s s u b j e c t

T h e G r e e ks w e r e n od ou b t c u r i ou s t okn ow a l l t h e s e c r e t s of t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s :
a n d t h e p r i e s t s
" of E g y p t w e r e n ot w i l l i n g t oa c kn ow l e d g e t ot h e i r m a s t e r s , t h a t t h e y h a d l os t t h e ke y s of t h os e

m y s t e r i ou s s y m b ol s . It i s v e r y p os s i b l e t h a t t h e y m a y h a v e b e e n a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e m e a n i n g of
" t h e ku r i ol og i c h i e r og l y p h i c s , a n d m a y a l s oh a v e r e t a i n e d t h e kn ow l e d g e of t h e e p i s t ol a r y c h a -
r a c t e r s : b u t of t h e t r op i c a l a n d e n i g m a t i c a l , a n d a l l e g or i c a l s i g n s a n d s y m b ol s , Ic a n n ot e a s i l y
"
b e l i e v e t h a t t h e y kn e w t h e m e a n i n g , a n d i t m a y b e p r e s u m e d t h a t t h e y of t e n i m p os e d on t h e

e a s y c r e d u l i t y of t h e G r e e ks . T h e y c h os e s y m b ol s t od e n ot e t h e i r n e w m on a r c h s a n d t h e i r
" q u e e n s : t h e y e n c l os e d b e t w e e n l i n e s , or p l a c e d i n c i r c u l a r , q u a d r a n g u l a r , or ov a l f r a m e s , t h e
" e m b l e m s of t h e i r n e w d i v i n i t i e s : , a n d P t ol e m y a n d Be r e n i c e , a d m i t t e d t ot h e h on ou r s of t h e
" a p ot h e os i s , b e h e l d t h e i r h i e r og l y p h i c s p l a c e d b y t h e s i d e , a n d p e r h a p s s om e t i m e s i n t h e r oom of
" t h os e of O s i r i s a n d Is i s . L on g a n d a d u l a t or y i n s c r i p t i on s r e c or d e d t h e t i t l e s a n d t h e v i r t u e s of

t h e P t ol e m i e s : a n d t h e s e G od s , a s t h e y w e r e s t y l e d , p r om u l g a t e d t h e i r d e c r e e s n ot on l y i n t h e
" E g y p t i a n a n d G r e e kc h a r a c t e r s , b u t i n h i e r og l y p h i c s , s y m b ol i c a l a n d t r op i c a l
.
Bu t i t i s d i f f i c u l t

t oa c q u i t t h e E g y p t i a n s of f r a u d on t h e s e oc c a s i on s :
n or i s i t e a s y t oa v oi d s u s p e c t i n g t h e
" G r e e ks of s om e t i m e s l e n d i n g t h e m s e l v e s t ot h e i m p os t u r e s p r a c t i s e d b y t h e i r f l a t t e r e r s . " 2
1 0 . Bu t Im u s t r e t u r n t ot h e t r i p l e i n s c r i p t i on or r a t h e r i n s c r i p t i on s , f or Ia m t ol d t h a t t w o
m or e h a v e b e e n f ou n d i n ot h e r p a r t s of E g y p t , b y s om e of t h e F r e n c h s g a v a n s
. Ia s kw h y C l e -
m e n s , l i v i n g a t A l e x a n d r i a , d i d n ot g ot ot h e m t or e m ov e h i s i g n or a n c e ?
W h y S t r a b od i d n ot
a p p l y t ot h e m ? T ot h e s e w r i t e r s t h e r e c ou l d b e n od i f f i c u l t y i n r e a d i n g t h e G r e e k
;
w h i c h e v e n
t h e b e s t of ou r G r e e ks c h ol a r s c a n n ot n ow u n d e r s t a n d , a n d b y g oi n g t ot h e t r i p l e i n s c r i p t i on s
t h e y w ou l d h a v e b a d a l l t h e i r d i f f i c u l t i e s r e m ov e d i n a m om e n t .
Ia m n ot i g n or a n t of t h e f r a u d s
of t h e i n f a m ou s F ou r m on t , e x p os e d b y t h e E a r l of A b e r d e e n . Ia m n ot i g n or a n t of t h e c h a r a c t e r
of t h e P a r i a n M a r b l e s . Ih a v e h e a r d of A n n i u s of V i t e r b o, a n d of M
. Bon e l l i ' s d i s p u t e w i t h M r
.
P a y n e K n i g h t , a n d t h e C a m e oi n t h e M u s e u m ;
a n d Im u s t f r e e l y d e c l a r e t h a t 1 b e l i e v e t h e t r i p l e
i n s c r i p t i on s a r e i n g e n i ou s f or g e r i e s ;
t h a t t h e n a m e of t h e ki n g , i l l e x e c u t e d , d i s c ov e r e d on a m o-
n u m e n t b y M r . S a l t , h a s b e e n p l a c e d t h e r e f or t h e p u r p os e of b e i n g d i s c ov e r e d , a n d t h a t t h e d e e d
d e s c r i b e d i n t h e E d i n b u r g h Re v i e w , h a s b e e n f or g e d , a n d t h e c ou n t e r p a r t p l a c e d p u r p os e l y t ob e
d i s c ov e r e d - a s a n t i q u e s a r e p l a c e d e v e r y d a y i n t h e r u i n s of P om p e i i t ob e d i s c ov e r e d b y v i s i t or s ;
Is u s p e c t t h a t t h e y a r e a l l p a r t s of a g r e a t l i e .
Is h a l l b e t ol d of t h e d i f f i c u l t y of e x e c u t i n g s og r e a t
'
F r om M r . S a l t ' s E s s a y ( p . 2 5 ), i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e n a m e of t h e ki n g w h oe r e c t e d t h e ob e l i s kn ow s t a n d i n g a t
M a t a r e a w a s M i s a r t e . P l i n y s a y s ,
M e s t r e s
a n d K i r c h e r , f r om a V a t i c a n M S . , M i r e s . T h i s s e e m s t oc on n e c t i t w i t h
t h e P e r s i a n M i t h r a ,
t h e n a m e of t h a t G od t a ke n b y t h e p e r s on
w h o e r e c t e d i t . T h e In d i a n a n d E g y p t i a n p r a c t i c e of
ki n g s c a l l i n g t h e m s e l v e s b y t h e n a m e s
of
G od s s e e m s t or e n d e r a l l a n c i e n t h i s t or y d ou b t f u l .
'
D r u m m on d on Zod
. p . 2 3 .
4 9 0
Re w a r d O f f e r e d By A n E m p e r or f or t h e D i s c ov e r y of T h e i r M e a n i n g
a l i e , a n d t h a t D r
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on m u s t h a v e b e e n i n a l e a g u e
. W i t h ou t d i f f i c u l t y t h e r e
w ou l d h e n op r ob a b i l i t y of s u c c e s s f u l d e c e i t
. A r e w e n ot d e c e i v e d w i t h c op i e s f r om Ra p h a e l , w i t h
E t r u s c a n V a s e s f r om S t a f f or d s h i r e , b y Bon e l l i s w i t h C a m e os , a n d w i t h m a n u s c r i p t s , e v e r y d a y ? T h e
d i f f i c u l t y
i s n oob j e c t i on
. Id e s i r e a n a n s w e r t ot h e q u e s t i on , w h y t h e i n q u i r i n g a u t h or s , C l e m e n s
a n d S t r a b o, d i d n ot i n f or m t h e m s e l v e s f r om t h e t r i p l e i n s c r i p t i on s
. In t h e M or n i n g H e r a l d f or J u n e
2 4 , 1 8 3 0 , i s t h e f ol l ow i n g c u r i ou s a c c ou n t
: 1 1
A t t h e l a s t m e e t i n g of t h e L on d on M e d i c o- Bot a n i c a l
1 1
S oc i e t y , P r of e s s or H ou l t on m e n t i on e d t h e f ol l ow i n g e x t r a or d i n a r y i n s t a n c e of t h e p r ot r a c t i on of
u
v e g e t a b l e l i f e
. - A b u l b ou s r oot , w h i c h w a s f ou n d i n t h e h a n d of a n E g y p t i a n m u m m y , i n w h i c h
"
s i t u a t i on i t h a d v e r y p r ob a b l y b e e n f or m or e t h a n t w ot h ou s a n d y e a r s , g e r m i n a t e d on b e i n g
1 1
e x p os e d t ot h e a t m os p h e r e , t h ou g h w h e n d i s c ov e r e d i t w a s a p p a r e n t l y i n a s t a t e of p e r f e c t d r y -
I 0 n e s s .
T h e r oot w a s s u b s e q u e n t l y p u t i n t ot h e g r ou n d , w h e r e i t g r e w w i t h r e a d i n e s s a n d v i g ou r . "
T h i s s e e m s t os h e w u s p r e t t y c l e a r l y t h a t w h a t h a s b e e n f or s om e t i m e s u s p e c t e d i s t r u e , t h a t
a l l e g e d a n c i e n t m u m m i e s a r e n ow m a n u f a c t u r e d i n E g y p t e v e r y d a y
. T h i s f or m s a g ood m a t c h
f or t h e Ros e t t a s t on e .
1 1
. Bu t a n ot h e r d a m n i n g f a c t c r e e p s ou t v e r y u n w i l l i n g l y f r om t h e M a r q u i s
. A r e w a r d w a s
of f e r e d b y on e of t h e f i r s t of t h e C a e s a r s t oh i m w h os h ou l d g i v e a p r op e r i n t e r p r e t a t i on of t h e i n -
s c r i p t i on on t h e ob e l i s kw h i c h h a d b e e n c a r r i e d t oRom e
. 1
T h i s s i n g l e f a c t ov e r t h r ow s t h e w h ol e
s y s t e m
. It i s q u i t e i m p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e t h a t t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s s h ou l d h a v e b e e n i n c om m on u s e ,
f or t h e i n s c r i b i n g on t h e m t h e n a m e s of Rom a n E m p e r or s a n d ot h e r m a t t e r s ,
( a r e a l w r i t t e n
l a n g u a g e a p p l i c a b l e t ot h e p u r p os e s of h i s t or y a n d
C O M M O N L IF E , a s t h e E d i n b u r g h Re v i e w e r s a y s , )
a n d y e t t h a t t h e Rom a n E m p e r or a n d h i s m i n i s t e r s s h ou l d h a v e h a d oc c a s i on t oof f e r a r e w a r d t o
d i s c ov e r t h e i r m e a n i n g
.
Ib e l i e v e i t i s a n a d m i t t e d f a c t , t h a t t h e Rom a n s i n s c r i b e d h i e r og l y p h i c s on s om e m od e r n ob e l i s ks
i n Rom e t om a ke t h e m i m i t a t e a n c i e n t E g y p t i a n . 2
If t h i s b e a d m i t t e d , i t i s t ot a l l y i n c r e d i b l e
t h a t t h e y s h ou l d e r a s e t h e r e a l n a m e s f r om t h e r e a l a n c i e n t E g y p t i a n ob e l i s ks i i i t h a t c i t y , t o
i n s e r t t h e i r ow n , a n d t h u s m a ke t h e m a p p e a r t ob e m od e r n
.
It a p p e a r s t om e t h a t t h e f a c t of t h e i g n or a n c e of t h e G r e e ka u t h or s i s of i t s e l f a p r e s u m p t i v e
p r oof , t h a t t h e t r i l i n g u a r s t on e s a r e m od e r n f a b r i c a t i on s
. T h e i r e x i s t e n c e i s t ot a l l y i n c om p a t i b l e
w i t h ' t h e a d m i t t e d i g n or a n c e of S t r a b o, D i od or u s S i c u l u s , a n d t h e i n q u i s i t i v e C l e m e n s A l e x a n -
d r i n u s t h e E g y p t i a n .
A c a r e f u l a t t e n t i on t ot h e h i s t or y of t h e w or l d f or t h e l a s t e i g h t e e n h u n d r e d y e a r s h a s s h e w n
m e , t h a t t h e p r i e s t s of a l l r e l i g i on s h a v e p r a c t i s e d f r a u d t of or w a r d t h e i r ob j e c t s
; a n d t h a t w i t h a
f e w e x c e p t i on s i n t h e f i r s t c e n t u r i e s of C h r i s t i a n i t y , w h e n t h e y a v ow e d t h a t i t w a s m e r i t or i ou s t o
p r a c t i s e i t , t h e y h a v e s ol e m n l y d e c l a r e d t h e i r i n n oc e n c e , w h i l e t h e i r g u i l t h a s b e e n c l e a r
. T h e
c on s i d e r a t i on of t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s m u s t h e m y e x c u s e f or m y a p p a r e n t i l l i b e r a l i t y ; b u t w h e n -
e v e r a Bou r b on , t h e e l e v e , t h e p r ot e g e of t h e J e s u i t s , p r ot e c t s a m a n , Is u s p e c t h i m . Ic a n n ot
f or g e t t h a t t h e p r i e s t s i n e v e r y a g e h a v e p r ot e c t e d , a s ou r s d on ow p r ot e c t , i m p os t u r e s , a n d t h a t
i n e v e r y a g e n u m e r ou s e x a m p l e s of p i ou s f r a u d m a y b e f ou n d . T h e Re v i e w e r , w h e n s p e a ki n g of
t h e d e e d s a n d c ou n t e r p a r t s , s a y s , h e s u s p e c t s t h e a g e of M a g i c i s n ot ov e r . Ir e p l y , M a g i c i s
p r e t t y n e a r l y ov e r , b u t f r a u d s e l d om t h r ov e b e t t e r .
T h e s e c on s i d e r a t i on s d e s t r oy m y f a i t h i n t h e d i s c ov e r y . Ic a n n ot b r i n g m y s e l f t ot h e b e l i e f
t h a t t h e l a t e r p r i n c e s , t h e T r a j a n s , A n t on i n e s , &c . , w ou l d s t oop t os od e s p i c a b l e a n d u n a v a i l i n g a
f r a u d ; t h a t t h e y w ou l d , w i t h t h e i r e y e s op e n , e x p os e t h e m s e l v e s t ot h e r i d i c u l e of a l l m a n ki n d .
Bu t t h e e v i d e n c e of t h e d e e d s a n d c ou n t e r p a r t s e x h i b i t e d i n t h e n i n e t i e t h n u m b e r of t h e E d i n b u r g h
' S p i n e t o, p . 4 8 .

1 1 P . 5 1 .
BookIX . C h a p t e r II. S e c t i on 1 1

- 1 9 1
Re v i e w s e e m s c on c l u s i v e a g a i n s t m e
. T h e n w h a t a m It om a ke of t h e s e i n c on s i s t e n c i e s ? W h e n
Ic on s i d e r t h e r e s p e c t a b l e c h a r a c t e r s of M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on , Ic a n n ot b e l i e v e t h e m
c a p a b l e of p r a c t i s i n g a f r a u d
: b u t Ia m ob l i g e d t ob e l i e v e t h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n i n p a r t d e c e i v e d ,
a n d p a r t l y d e c e i v e t h e m s e l v e s ;
a n d t h a t i n c on s e q u e n c e of t h e i r m od e of p r oc e e d i n g a n d of t h e
g r e a t n u m b e r of t h e p h on e t i c f or m s f or on e l e t t e r , t h e y a r e a b l e t om a ke t h e h i e r og l y p h i c s s p e a k
w h a t t h e y p l e a s e .
W h e t h e r t h e F r e n c h s c a v a n s w e r e t h e i n v e n t or s or t h e d u p e s of t h e f r a u d u l e n t Ros e t t a s t on e I
kn ow n ot
; b u t Ic a n m or e r e a d i l y b e l i e v e t h a t t h e p r i e s t s h a v e b e e n a t t h e i r ol d g a m e , t h a n t h a t
D i od or u s , S t r a b o, a n d C l e m e n s , a n d t h e Rom a n E m p e r or s w h i l e of f e r i n g r e w a r d s , ' h a v e a l l b e e n
i g n or a n t of t h e s t a t e of t h e s i m p l e q u e s t i on , w h e t h e r H i e r og l y p h i c s w e r e i n c om m on u s e i n t h e i r
t i m e or n ot .
N od ou b t , t oc h a r g e t h e s c a v a n s of F r a n c e w i t h h a v i n g c a u s e d t h e Ros e t t a s t on e t ob e m a d e f or
f r a u d u l e n t p u r p os e s , w i l l b e c on s i d e r e d , i n a n y m a n h a v i n g a r e g a r d f or h i s l i t e r a r y or e v e n m or a l
c h a r a c t e r , t ob e v e r y h a r d y ; b u t t h i s , n ot w i t h s t a n d i n g , Im u s t d o . If i n d t h a t D r
. Y ou n g d i d
n ot b e g i n h i s r e s e a r c h e s t i l l a f t e r t h e f i n d i n g of t h e Ros e t t a s t on e ; t h a t t h e y i n a g r e a t m e a -
s u r e d e p e n d u p on i t - a r e f ou n d e d u p on i t ;
a n d t h a t h e , i n f a c t , h a d n ot h i n g t od ow i t h i t , b u t
s i m p l y b e l i e v e d w h a t w e h a v e b e e n t ol d r e s p e c t i n g i t b y t h e F r e n c h i n E g y p t , w h om a d e s u c h a
t e r r i b l e ou t c r y f or t h e l os s of i t
. If t h e y h i d t h e s t on e f or t h e p u r p os e of h a v i n g i t f ou n d , t h e y
p e r f or m e d t h e i r p a r t s , a s i n d e e d t h e y g e n e r a l l y d oe v e r y p a r t t h e y u n d e r t a ke , v e r y w e l l
. H e
m u s t kn ow v e r y l i t t l e of t h e F r e n c h c h a r a c t e r , w h of i n d s a d i f f i c u l t y i n b e l i e v i n g t h a t s u c h of
t h e m a s w e r e l i ke l y t ou n d e r t a ke a n a d v e n t u r e of t h i s ki n d , w ou l d b e d e f i c i e n t i n t a l e n t t oc a r r y i t
i n t oe f f e c t . A n d a s t ot h e ot h e r s t on e s , h a v i n g on t h e n i n s c r i p t i on s i n t h e t h r e e ki n d s of c h a r a c -
t e r s , t h e s a m e a s t h os e on t h e Ros e t t a s t on e , t h os e w h ow e r e c a p a b l e of m a ki n g on e , w e r e c a p a b l e
of m a ki n g t h e ot h e r s , a n d a l s oof p l a c i n g t h e m w h e r e t h e y , or , w h a t w ou l d b e s t i l l b e t t e r , t h e
E n g l i s h , w ou l d f i n d t h e m
. T h e s i z e a n d n a t u r e of a l l t h e s e s t on e s p r e c l u d e s t h e i d e a , t h a t t h e y
w e r e i n t e n d e d t ob e ke p t , or w e r e , i n f a c t , i n a n c i e n t t i m e s , ke p t s e c r e t
. T h e n Ia g a i n a s k, h ow
c a m e C l e m e n s t h e E g y p t i a n - t h e A l e x a n d r i a n - or S t r a b o, or D i od or u s S i c u l u s t h e A n t i q u a r i a n ,
w h e n t h e y w e r e i n q u i r i n g i n t oa n d r e g r e t t i n g t h e l os s of t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s , n ot t og ot ot h e s e
s t on e s a n d r e m ov e a t on c e a l l t h e i r d i f f i c u l t i e s ? T h e G r e e k, a t t h a t d a y , c ou l d n ot on l y n ot f or m
a d i f f i c u l t y , a s a t p r e s e n t , b u t i t m u s t h a v e i n s t a n t l y r e m ov e d e v e r y d i f f i c u l t y , a n d t h i s i s t h e
s t r on g p oi n t u p on w h i c h Ig r ou n d m y c h a r g e of f r a u d
. L e t t h e f a c t b e a c c ou n t e d f or . H ow c a m e
t h e y n ot t og ot ot h e s e c om m on t r i p l e i n s c r i p t i on s s c a t t e r e d a b ou t t h e c ou n t r y i n d i f f e r e n t p l a c e s ,
f or a s ol u t i on of t h e i r d i f f i c u l t i e s , a n d a n e x p l a n a t i on of a l l t h e a n c i e n t m y t h ol og i e s or h i s t or i e s
?
T h e v e r y g r e a t i n g e n u i t y r e q u i r e d t og i v e t h e s e s t on e s t h e a p p e a r a n c e of a n t i q u i t y , i s t om e n o
ob j e c t i on , w h e n Ic on s i d e r t h e c h a r a c t e r of t h e F r e n c h n a t i on , a n d t h e p e r f e c t i on t ow h i c h t h e a r t
of s i m i l a t i n g t h e w or ks of t h e a n c i e n t m a s t e r s , i n t h e a r t s of p a i n t i n g a n d s c u l p t u r e , h a s b e e n c a r -
r i e d - a n d t h e m a n u f a c t u r e of E t r u s c a n v a s e s , a n d t h e f or g e r i e s of t h e w or ks of Be r os u s b y E n n i u s ,
of t h e m a n u s c r i p t s of S h a ks p e a r e , b y Ir e l a n d , a n d t h e v a r i ou s w e l l - kn ow n f or g e r i e s of a n c i e n t
i n s c r i p t i on s on s t on e s , &c . , &c . , &c .
T h i s b r i n g s m e t om a ke on e m or e ob s e r v a t i on on t h e d e e d a n d c ou n t e r p a r t . T h e m om e n t I
b e a r d of t h e s e , t h e y s t r u c km e t ob e v e r y l i ke a m od e r n i n d e n t u r e , b u t h a v i n g n os u s p i c i on Ih a s t i l y
p a s s e d t h e m b y , a n d t h e r e m a y b e n ot h i n g i n i t
. Bu t t h e p e r s on s w h oc ou l d m a ke t h e Ros e t t a
s t on e , Ih a v e n od ou b t c ou l d m a ke t h e s e d e e d s , a n d c ou l d b u r y t h e m t oo, w h e r e t h e p r op e r p e r s on s
w ou l d f i n d t h e m . It i s w e l l kn ow n t h a t a r t i c l e s a r e c on s t a n t l y b u r i e d a t P om p e i i i n p a r t i c u l a r
' P . 4 8 .
4 9 2 V a r i ou s P a r t i c u l a r s Re s p e c t i n g t h e N a t u r e of t h e S u p p os e d L a n g u a g e
p l a c e s , w h e r e v i s i t or s of e m i n e n c e a r e a l l ow e d t os e a r c h
. Ion c e s a w
a n A r c h d u ke of A u s t r i a u n -
c om m on l y s u c c e s s f u l a t P om p e i i . T h e r e i s s ol a r g e a n i n t e r e s t n ow c on c e r n e d i n t h i s m a t t e r , a n d
i n t e r e s t a n d p a s s i on a r e s om u c h e n g a g e d , t h a t Is h ou l d n ot b e s u r p r i s e d i f t h e F r e n c h a n d E n g l i s h
b e t w e e n t h e m , w e r e t of i n d a h u n d r e d Ros e t t a s t on e s . Bu t t os a v e t h e m f u r t h e r t r ou b l e , I b e g
l e a v e t op oi n t ou t t ot h e m , t h a t t h e m or e Ros e t t a or t r i p l i c a t e s t on e s t h e r e a r e f ou n d , t h e m or e
t h e d i f f i c u l t y w i l l b e i n c r e a s e d of a c c ou n t i n g f or t h e b l i n d n e s s of C l e m e n s a n d S t r a b o.
In a d d i t i on t ot h e a b ov e , Ib e g t or e f e r m y r e a d e r t oa n a r t i c l e i n N o . V III
. of t h e F or e i g n
Qu a r t e r l y Re v i e w , p u b l i s h e d b y T e u t z e l a n d W u r t z , p . 4 6 6 . In t h i s e s s a y t h e w r i t e r m a i n t a i n s ,
t h a t h e h a s c on v i c t e d M e s s r s . C h a m p ol l i on a n d S a l l i e r , of A i x , j oi n t l y , of a g r os s f r a u d . Ia m
u n w i l l i n g t od e c i d e b e t w e e n t h e s e g e n t l e m e n a n d t h e Re v i e w e r , u p on h e a r i n g on l y on e s i d e ; b u t
Ic on f e s s Id on ot s e e h ow t h e y a r e t od e f e n d t h e m s e l v e s ; a n d In e e d n ot p oi n t ou t t om y r e a d e r
t h a t , i f t h e Re v i e w e r s h ou l d b e r i g h t , n om a n of c om m on s e n s e w i l l e v e r p a y t h e s l i g h t e s t a t t e n -
t i on t oa n y t h i n g w h i c h M e s s r s
. C h a m p ol l i on , a n d C o. m a y s a y i n f u t u r e .
1 2 . 1 m i g h t h e r e , p e r h a p s , s a f e l y d r op t h e s u b j e c t ; b u t i t m a y b e s a t i s f a c t or y t om y r e a d e r t o
i n s p e c t a l i t t l e m or e m i n u t e l y t h e m a c h i n e r y b y w h i c h M e s s r s . C h a m p ol l i on a n d C o . r a i s e t h e
p r of ou n d l e a r n i n g f r om t h e w e l l w h e r e i t h a s s ol on g l a i n b u r i e d . M . C h a m p ol l i on
1
t e a c h e s , t h a t
m a n y of t h e c on s on a n t s a n d a l m os t a l l t h e v ow e l s a r e of t e n r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e s a m e h i e r og l y p h i -
c a l c h a r a c t e r s
. T oa p ol og i z e f or t h i s h e s a y s ,
2 t h e y a r e t or e p r e s e n t t h e d i f f e r e n t d i a l e c t s of t h e
d i f f e r e n t d i s t r i c t s of E g y p t , b u t w h e r e h e l e a r n t t h e C op t i c d i a l e c t s h e d oe s n ot t e l l u s
. T h e m os t
e x t r a or d i n a r y of a l l d e l u s i on s i s t h a t w h i c h b l i n d s t h i s g e n t l e m a n a n d h i s f r i e n d s t ot h e a b s u r d i t y
of a d m i t t i n g , t h a t t h e r e a r e t h r e e d i s t i n c t m od e s of w r i t i n g , a n d t h a t t h e y t h e n h a v e r e c ou r s e t o
t h e w h ol e t h r e e
p r om i s c u ou s l y i n t h e i r e x p l a n a t i on of a s e n t e n c e . T h e y c u l l ou t a p a r t of t h e
e i g h t or n i n e h u n d r e d f i g u r e s on t h e m on u m e n t s , w h i c h t h e y d i v i d e a m on g t h e l e t t e r s , g i v i n g t o
e a c h a n u m b e r of f i g u r e s , e v e n i n s om e i n s t a n c e s a m ou n t i n g t ot w e n t y - f i v e i n n u m b e r
; 3 t h e r e -
m a i n d e r t h e y c a l l a l l e g or i c a l , a n d s y m b ol i c , a n d t h e n , i n or d e r t oe x p ou n d t h e i n s c r i p t i on s , t h e y
b r i n g a l l t h e t h r e e i n t op l a y a t on c e
. T h u s , i f t h e l e t t e r s w i l l n ot a n s w e r t ot h e d r a w i n g s s ot h a t
t h e r e i s a f i g u r e u n e x p l a i n e d , i t i s t h e n c a l l e d on e
of t h e ot h e r ki n d s of w r i t i n g
; i t i s a n a l l e g or i -
c a l or a s y m b ol i c l e t t e r
; b y t h i s p r oc e s s a m e a n i n g i s , a t a l l e v e n t s , m a d e ou t . T h e M a r q u i s
S p i n e t os a y s , a l p h a b e t i c a l s i g n s w e r e of t h r e e ki n d s - D e m ot i c , h i e r a t i c , a n d h i e r og l y p h i c a l p r o-
p e r l y s oc a l l e d . 4
H i e r og l y p h i c s a r e d i v i d e d i n t ot h r e e c l a s s e s - H i e r og l y p h i c s p r op e r ; H i e r og l y -
p h i c s a b r i d g e d
; H i e r og l y p h i c s c on v e n t i on a l
. ' T h e r e a r e a l s os y m b ol i c a l or e n i g m a t i c a l h i e r og l y -
p h i c s ; a n d c on v e n t i on a l f i g u r a t i v e h i e r og l y p h i c s
; a n d f i g u r a t i v e a b r i d g e d h i e r og l y p h i c s ; a n d t h e
e n i g m a t i c a l h i e r og l y p h i c s m a y b e a g a i n d i v i d e d or u s e d i n t h r e e w a y s
.
6
T h e a l p h a b e t p u b l i s h e d
b y M
. C h a m p ol l i on c on t a i n e d 1 3 4 h i e r og l y p h i c a l c h a r a c t e r s , s t r i c t l y s p e a ki n g p h on e t i c ; y e t h e
f ou n d ou t t h e m e a n i n g of 7 3 0 m or e , s om e s y m b ol i c a l , ot h e r s f i g u r a t i v e . ' S om e of t h e c on s on a n t s ,
a n d a l m os t a l l of t h e v ow e l s , a r e of t e n r e p r e s e n t e d
b y t h e s a m e h i e r og l y p h i c a l c h a r a c t e r s ;
9
a n d a s
t h e r e a r e n ov a c a n c i e s b e t w e e n t h e w or d s , t h e y a r e d i v i d e d a t p l e a s u r e
. T h e y a r e r e a d f r om t op
t ob ot t om , f r om r i g h t t ol e f t , f r om l e f t t or i g h t , a n d i n g r ou p s , a l l i n t h e s a m e i n s c r i p t i on
. T h u s
i n w r i t i n g , t h e s i g n s or f i g u r e s m a y b e p l a c e d i n f ou r d i f f e r e n t w a y s , a n d a r e of t e n f ou n d s ot o
e x i s t i n t h e s a m e m on u m e n t
. In a n ot h e r p l a c e M
. S p i n e t os a y s , a l l t h e t h r e e ki n d s of w r i t i n g , v i z
.
t h e p h on e t i c , f i g u r a t i v e , a n d s y m b ol i c , a r e of t e n f ou n d i n t h e s a m e i n s c r i p t i on , m i x e d t og e t h e r , n ot
on e b e l ow a n ot h e r , a s t r a n s l a t i on s of on e a n ot h e r ,
1 b u t u s e d
p r om i s c u ou s l y ( t or e p e a t h i s w or d )i n
t h e s a m e s e n t e n c e , " a n d t h e w or d s w r i t t e n i n t h e s e n t e n c e a r e n ot d i v i d e d . T h e h i e r og l y p h i c a l
' P . 8 6 .

2
P
. 8 7 .

3 P . 8 8 .

4
P . 8 5 .

b
P . 1 1 6 .

6 P . 1 2 0 .
P . 8 5 .

8 P p
. 8 6 , 8 8 .

9
P p
. 9 6 - 9 8
.

' P . 1 6 9 .

1 1 P p .
1 7 7 , 1 7 9 .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r II
. S e c t i on 1 3

4 9 3
f i g u r e s s t ood a s l e t t e r s ; f or a l e t t e r w h i c h b e g a n t h e n a m e of t h e a n i m a l , a s a D og , w ou l d s t a n d
f or a D . ' T h u s t h e h i e r og l y p h i c a s D og s t a n d i n g f or D , or H or s e f or H , i t s e e m s t of ol l ow a s a
n e c e s s a r y c on s e q u e n c e , t h a t l e t t e r s m u s t h a v e p r e c e d e d t h e m ; i n f a c t , t h a t t h e y m u s t b e a n i n v e n -
t i on f ou n d e d u p on l e t t e r s . 5 T h u s , i f w e w i s h e d t ow r i t e L on d on , w e m i g h t t a ke a l i on , a l a m b , a
l a n c e t , or a l e a f , &c . ; a n d a n e t , a n e g r o, a n or t h s t a r , a n a v e of a c h u r c h , a n d s oon , f or a s m a n y
w or d s i n t h e l a n g u a g e a s b e g i n w i t h t h e l e t t e r L , i n t h e f i r s t i n s t a n c e , or w i t h N , i n t h e s e c on d
.
I t h i n kM
. C h a m p ol l i on h a s b e e n v e r y m od e r a t e t ot a ke n om or e , i n a n y c a s e , t h a n t w e n t y - f i v e
!
In a d d i t i on t oa l l t h e a b ov e , w e h a v e y e t on e m or e ki n d of h i e r og l y p h s , c a l l e d A n a g l y p h s . 3
I
s h a l l n ot a t t e m p t t od e s c r i b e t h e m ; w e h a v e s u r e l y b a d e n ou g h
.
1 3
. T h e c a p a c i t y of t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t of or b e l i e v i n g , m a y b e j u d g e d of b y h i s b e l i e f t h a t
. a s u b -
t e r r a n e ou s p a s s a g e w a s c a r r i e d f r om T h e b e s t oM e m p h i s . 4 T h i s i s a t l e a s t t w oh u n d r e d m i l e s
.
A s t h e M a r q u i s j u s t l y ob s e r v e s , h ow c on t e m p t i b l e d oe s t h i s m a ke ou r T h a m e s t u n n e l l e r s a p p e a r !
Ib e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e a s on w h y w e c a n n ot f i n d t h i s s u b w a y n ow , i s t h a t ,
f or t h e s a ke of
d r y n e s s , i t
w a s c a r r i e d u n d e r t h e b e d of t h e r i v e r . Ih op e Is h a l l n om or e b e a c c u s e d of s c e p t i c i s m , f or s u r e l y
Ib e l i e v e a s m u c h a s t h e M a r q u i s ; a n d w h a t i s m or e , Ib e l i e v e i t m e r e l y ou t of c om p l i m e n t t o
ou r l e a r n e d v i s i t or t h e M a r q u i s , a n d Ih op e h e w i l l s u f f i c i e n t l y a p p r e c i a t e m y p ol i t e n e s s 1
It i s v e r y s e l d om t h a t a f r a u d of a n y l e n g t h c a n b e s u c c e s s f u l l y c a r r i e d t h r ou g h
; t h e p e r f or m e r
i s a l m os t c e r t a i n t ol e t s om e t h i n g e s c a p e t ob e t r a y i t . T h u s , i f t h e Ros e t t a s t on e b e a f or g e r y ,
t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s of i t f or g ot t h a t t h e kn ow l e d g e of H i e r og l y p h i c s w a s p r ov e d , b y t h e h i s t or i a n s
w h om Ih a v e n a m e d , t oh a v e b e e n l os t i n t h e t i m e of t h e P t ol e m i e s , a n d t h u s h e m a d e h i s
i n s c r i p t i on b e a r t h e i r n a m e s i n t h e G r e e k
. T h e H i e r og l y p h i c s w i l l b e a r t ob e c on s t r u e d i n t o
a l m os t a n y t h i n g ;
a n d Ih a v e l i t t l e d ou b t , i f i t w e r e w a n t e d , W i l l i a m of Br i t a i n m i g h t b e m a d e
ou t of t h e m . Is u s p e c t t h a t s om e of t h e F r e n c h s c a v a n s f or m e d t h e s t on e w i t h g r e a t i n g e n u i t y ,
i n s u c h a m a n n e r a s w ou l d e n a b l e t h e m t om a ke t h e i n s c r i p t i on s s p e a kw h a t t h e y p l e a s e d , a n d
t h a t t h e J e s u i t s d i s c ov e r i n g t h i s , i n d u c e d t h e Bou r b on s t ot a ke a d v a n t a g e of i t t os u p p or t , a s t h e y
s u p p os e d , t h e M os a i c h i s t or y .
M . C h a t p ol l i on w a s s e n t t oE g y p t , b y C h a r l e s t h e T e n t h , t os e a r c h f or i n s c r i p t i on s , a n d , of
c ou r s e , w i t h t h e p e r f e c t a p p r ob a t i on of t h e J e s u i t s . H e ke p t u p a c l os e c or r e s p on d e n c e w i t h t h e
w e l l - kn ow n D u ke d e Bl a c a s , A m b a s s a d or f r om F r a n c e a t Rom e , a n d h i s d i s c ov e r i e s , a s d e s c r i b e d
b y t h e M a r q u i s S p i n e t o, e x h i b i t , i n e v e r y p a r t , a p r e d e t e r m i n a t i on t os u p p or t t h e M os a i c
s y s t e m ; a n d t h i s a l s oc r e e p s ou t f r om t h e M a r q u i s p e r p e t u a l l y i n h i s L e c t u r e s . In C h a p t e r - XI . ,
h e m u s t p a r d on m e f or s a y i n g , r a t h e r r i d i c u l ou s l y , t os e r v e h i s p u r p os e , 5 h e m a ke s t h e u s u a l
a g e f or f e m a l e s t om a r r y t ob e t h i r t y - f i v e y e a r s , w h e n i t ou g h t t ob e , i n t h a t c l i m a t e , f i f t e e n or
s i x t e e n . In on e p l a c e
6 h e i n c a u t i ou s l y a d m i t s t h a t h e i s n ot a u t h or i z e d t os t a t e a l l h e kn ow s
; 7
a n d i n a n ot h e r , 8 t h a t h e d oe s n ot t h i n ki t
n e c e s s a r y t om e n t i on
w h a t w ou l d h a v e b e e n of t h e f i r s t
i m p or t a n c e . Is u p p os e i t w ou l d h a v e m a d e t h e l e a r n e d C a n t a b s , t ow h om h e a d d r e s s e d h i s l e c -
t u r e s , t ool e a r n e d
. T h e m om e n t If i n d a p e r s on b e g i n n i n g t ot a l kof c on c e a l m e n t a n d h ol y s c r i p -
t u r e s , Is u s p e c t h i m
. T h e w or d h ol y i n v ol v e s t h e c on s e q u e n c e , t h a t e v e r y q u e s t i on i s p r e j u d g e d
w h i c h r e l a t e s t ot h e s e s c r i p t u r e s
. T h e q u e s t i on i s b e g g e d ; p a r t i c u l a r l y w h e n t h i s i s a s s i s t e d b y
t h e r e p e t i t i on of t h e ol d c a n t a b ou t p h i l os op h y b e i n g d a n g e r ou s
. , ,
T h e M a r q u i s
1 0
s a y s , t h a t H e b r e w t r a n s l a t i on s of m a n y of t h e c on s e c r a t e d r ol l s of p a p y r u s a r e t o
b e f ou n d i n t h e Bi b l e
. T h i s a g a i n , c om i n g i n t h e m a n n e r i t d oe s , t e n d s t oc r e a t e d ou b t
; b u t , f or
' P . 8 2 .

2
P
. 9 1 .

3 P . 4 1 1 .

,
P p . 2 1 2 , 2 2 0 .

s
P . 3 7 6 .

6 P . 2 5 3 .
7 "
T h e F r e n c h p r ov e r b of L ' oi s e a u d e S t
. L u c , t h e or i g i n a n d s i g n i f i c a t i on of w h i c h Id on ot f e e l m y s e l f a u t h or i z e d
" t os t a t e
i n t h i s p l a c e . " P . 2 5 3 .
8 P . 3 6 9 .

9 P . 4 9 0 .
4 9 4

Be n t l e y . Zod i a c s
.
E s n e . D e n d e r a
r e a s on s w h i c h Is h a l l g i v e h e r e a f t e r , of t h e n a t u r e of w h i c h t h e M a r q u i s h a s n ot t h e s l i g h t e s t
s u s p i c i on , It h i n ki t v e r y p r ob a b l e , t h a t m u c h w h i c h i s r e c or d e d i n t h e O l d T e s t a m e n t , m a y b e
r e c or d e d a l s oon t h e E g y p t i a n m on u m e n t s
.
L e c t u r e XI
. , on C h r on ol og y , m a y b e c a l l e d a m i s t a ke , a s It h i n kt h e r e i s s c a r c e l y a s e n t e n c e
w h i c h i s n ot w r on g
. It i s ,
h ow e v e r , r a t h e r w h i m s i c a l t of i n d t h i s l e a r n e d g e n t l e m a n - h i e r i s t i n -
f or m i n g n ot m e r e l y t h e
b oy s of C a m b r i d g e , b u t a l s ot h e
w i s e m e n , t h a t U s h e r e s t a b l i s h e d t h e
C h r on ol og y of t h e L XX
. ' It h i n kw e s h a l l n ot b e m u c h l on g e r t r ou b l e d w i t h t h e
m od e r n d i s -
c ov e r i e s
i n t h e H i e r og l y p h i c a l b r a n c h of l e a r n i n g
.
1 4
. If F r e n c h m e n s h ou l d s t a n d c on v i c t e d of a H i e r og l y p h i c a l f r a u d , t h e i r n e i g h b ou r s i n E n g l a n d
w i l l n ot b e f a r b e h i n d t h e m
. M r
. Be n t l e y , of w h om Ih a v e b e f or e s p oke n , h a s g i v e n a n e x p l a n a -
t i on of t h e Zod i a c s of E s n e a n d D e n d e r a , a n d u n d e r t a ke n t op r ov e t h e m C a l e n d a r s , f or t h e y e a r
7 0 8 of Rom e
. Bu t h i s p r e t e n d e d c op y of t h e Zod i a c s i s f a l s e i n a g r e a t n u m b e r of p l a c e s , a n d t h e
w h ol e e x h i b i t s a m os t e x t r a or d i n a r y e x a m p l e e i t h e r of p i ou s f r a u d , or of t h e g r os s e s t b l u n d e r i n g
.
M r
. Be n t l e y i s d e a d a n d c a n n ot d e f e n d h i m s e l f , a n d t h e r e f or e Iw ou l d w i l l i n g l y a t t r i b u t e t h e f a c t
t ot h e l a t t e r of t h e s e c a u s e s ;
b u t t h e e v i d e n t ob j e c t b e i n g t ob ol s t e r u p t h e M os a i c c h r on ol og y , i t
i s i m p os s i b l e t oa v oi d s u s p i c i on of t h e f or m e r
. T h i s s u s p i c i on i s s t r e n g t h e n e d b y w h a t a p p e a r t o
m e , i n s e v e r a l i n s t a n c e s , t ob e
w i l f u l m i s r e p r e s e n t a t i on s ,
a n d b y a r e c ol l e c t i on of t h e m i s r e p r e s e n -
t i on s of w h i c h w e h a v e a l r e a d y s e e n h i m g u i l t y r e s p e c t i n g t h e f or g e r i e s of t h e Br a h m i n s , a n d h i s
d e t e r m i n a t i on , a t a l l e v e n t s , t or u n d ow n t h e In d i a n l e a r n i n g
.
H e f ou n d s h i s s y s t e m u p on a c om p a r i s on of t h e Zod i a c s w i t h t h e Rom a n c a l e n d a r of N u m a
.
Bot h t h e E g y p t i a n Zod i a c a l A l m a n a c s , a c c or d i n g t oh i s e x p os i t i on of t h e m , p r e t e n d t om a r kt h e
c or r e c t i on s i n t r od u c e d i n t ot h e Rom a n C a l e n d a r b y J u l i u s C a e s a r ,
2 a n d t oc om m e n c e w i t h a c on -
j u n c t i on of t h e S u n a n d M oon a t Rom e , n ot i n E g y p t ,
3
i n t h e y e a r of Rom e 7 0 8
. N ow a t t h i s
t i m e A i n t on y w a s l i v i n g w i t h C l e op a t r a i n E g y p t
.
It s e e m s i m p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e , t h a t t h e Rom a n s a t t h i s e a r l y p e r i od s h ou l d h a v e s u c c e e d e d i n
h a v i n g t h e i r c a l e n d a r i n s e r t e d i n t ot h e r oof s of E g y p t i a n t e m p l e s , w h i c h m u s t h a v e b e e n r e b u i l t a t
t h e t i m e w h e n t h e y w e r e i n s e r t e d
. T h e a d op t i on of t h i s c a l e n d a r s e e m s n e c e s s a r i l y t oc a r r y w i t h
i t t h e a d op t i on of t h e Rom a n f e s t i v a l s , a n d t h i s , a g a i n , a c om p l e t e a d op t i on of t h e Rom a n r i t u a l -
i n f a c t , a c om p l e t e c h a n g e i n t h e r e l i g i on of t h e E g y p t i a n s
. W h e n Ic on s i d e r a l l t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s
of t h e h i s t or i e s of E g y p t a n d Rom e a t t h a t d a t e , i f t h e r e w e r e n oot h e r ob j e c t i on s , Ic a n n ot
b r i n g m y s e l f t ob e l i e v e t h i s
. If t h e d a t e of t h e c a l e n d a r h a d b e e n p l a c e d i n t h e t u n e s of t h e A n t o-
n i n e s , or of ot h e r E m p e r or s , w h ow e r e a b s ol u t e L or d s of E g y p t , a n d w h o, w e kn ow , t ooka p l e a -
s u r e i n r e p a i r i n g a n d a d or n i n g i t s p u b l i c e d i f i c e s , t h e c a s e w ou l d b e v e r y d i f f e r e n t
. T h e s e c on s i -
d e r a t i on s It h i n kM r . Be n t l e y ov e r l ooke d
.
T h e f ol l ow i n g ob s e r v a t i on s of t h e i n g e n i ou s M r
. L a n d s e e r w i l l s h e w t h e e x t r e m e a b s u r d i t y of
b e l i e v i n g , t h a t t h e Rom a n s c ou l d s u c c e e d i i i p l a c i n g t h e i r c a l e n d e r on t h e t op of a n E g y p t i a n
t e m p l e , s oe a r l y a s t h e t i m e of P t ol e m y a n d C l e op a t r a : - "
F or t h e w h ol e t i m e t h a t t h e c l a s s i c a l

n a t i on s w e r e i n p os s e s s i on of t h a t i n t e r e s t i n g c ou n t r y , t h e y a p p e a r t oh a v e e x e r c i s e d b u t a

c on c i l i a t or y c on t r ou l i n a n y ot h e r t h a n m i l i t a r y a n d m u n i c i p a l m a t t e r s , a n d t oh a v e b e e n s of a r

f r om d i c t a t i n g , i n w h a t c on c e r n e d t h e t r u t h of s c i e n c e or t h e d og m a t a of f a i t h , t h a t t h e y
" e v i d e n t l y c h os e , or w e r e , f r om p r u d e n t i a l m ot i v e s , c on s t r a i n e d t or e c og n i z e a n d f ol l ow , w h a t

t h e y f ou n d e s t a b l i s h e d - p e r h a p s w i t h ou t c om p r e h e n d i n g i t s e s s e n c e , or f a t h om i n g i t s d e p t h
"
y i e l d i n g t ot h e p on t i f i c a l a u t h or i t i e s of t h a t a n c i e n t l a n d , t h e s a m e s p e c i e s of d e f e r e n c e t h a t t h e

m od e r n C a t h ol i c s , of t h e r e s t of E u r op e , p a y t ot h e m ot h e r C h u r c h of Rom e
. T h e y e r e c t e d
I P . 3 8 3 .

2 P . 2 7 4 .

3 P . 2 5 3 .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r IL S e c t i on 1 4

4 9 5
"
t h e r e n oG r e e kn or Rom a n t e m p l e s , or w e s h ou l d h a v e f ou n d t h e i r r u i n s a t l e a s t
: b u t , i f t h e y
"
b u i l t a t a l l , ( w h i c h t h e y c e r t a i n l y d i d , )r e - e d i f i e d t h e m or e a n c i e n t t e m p l e s of E g y p t , w i t h s o
" m u c h of s t r i c t a d h e r e n c e t ot h e or i g i n a l d e s i g n s
;
or c on s t r u c t e d ot h e r s s om u c h i n t h e s a m e
s t y l e , t h a t m od e r n a n t i q u a r i e s h a v e b e e n f a i r l y p u z z l e d b y t h e m . " ' N ot h i n g c a n b e m or e t r u e
t h a n t h e s e ob s e r v a t i on s , a s Ib e l i e v e a l l w i l l a l l ow ; b u t t h e y p l a c e i n t h e s t r on g e s t p oi n t of v i e w
p os s i b l e t h e a b s u r d i t y of b e l i e v i n g t h a t t h e y w e r e t h e b u i l d e r s of t h e t e m p l e of D e n d e r a or E s n e
i n t h e t i m e of C l e op a t r a a n d _ 4 n t on y
.
I
h a v e a g r e a t s u s p i c i on t h a t t h e s e Zod i a c s w i l l t u r n ou t
t ob e p e r p e t u a l c a l e n d a r s f or t h e M e t on i c c y c l e s or t h e N e r os , or of b ot h . A n d t h i s w i l l a c c ou n t
f or t h e i r a p p e a r i n g t os u i t t h e v e r y r e m ot e a g e s , a s s om e g e n t l e m e n h a v e s u p p os e d . It s e e m s
a l s oe x t r e m e l y a b s u r d t h a t t h e c a l e n d a r s h ou l d b e s u i t a b l e t ot h e c l i m a t e , l a t i t u d e , a n d l on g i t u d e ,
of Rom e , a n d n ot of E g y p t
. If i t b e a n a l m a n a c , It h i n ki t i s on e t os e r v e f or t h e w h ol e S ol i -
L u n a r c y c l e , f or b ot h t h e Zod i a c s a r e s a i d t ob e g i n w i t h a c on j u n c t i on of t h e s u n a n d m oon .
T h e f ol l ow i n g s h or t p a s s a g e f r om t h e E n c y c l op a e d i a Br i t a n n i c a , c om p l e t e l y d i s p os e s of M r .
Be n t l e y ' s Rom a n c a l e n d a r i n E g y p t
: " T h e E g y p t i a n s u s e d n oi n t e r c a l a t i on s t i l l t h e t i m e of

A u g u s t u s , w h e n t h e c or r e c t e d J u l i a n y e a r w a s r e c e i v e d a t A l e x a n d r i a , b y h i s or d e r : b u t e v e n
" t h i s or d e r w a s ob e y e d on l y b y t h e G r e e ks a n d Rom a n s w h or e s i d e d i n t h a t c i t y
:
t h e s u p e r s t i -

t i ou s n a t i v e s r e f u s i n g t om a ke a n y a d d i t i on t ot h e l e n g t h of a y e a r w h i c h h a d b e e n s ol on g
e s t a b l i s h e d a m on g t h e m . " 2
T h i s or d e r , b y A u g u s t u s , f or t h e c or r e c t i on of t h e y e a r a c c or d i n g
t ot h e J u l i a n i m p r ov e m e n t , i m p l i e s t h a t i t w a s n ot p r e v i ou s l y a d op t e d ; i t w ou l d n ot , t h e r e f or e ,
h a v e b e e n i n s e r t e d i n t ot h e r oof s of t h e t e m p l e s m a n y y e a r s b e f or e , i n t h e t i m e of C l e op a t r a a n d
A n t on y . T h i s , It h i n k, i n v a l i d a t e s M r . Be n t l e y ' s e x p l a n a t i on s of t h e Zod i a c s of E s n e a n d
D e n d e r a , a n d It h i n ks t r i ke s a h a r d b l ow a t M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on ' s s y s t e m - i t b e i n g
m a n i f e s t t h a t a n y t h i n g m a y b e m a d e ou t of t h e H i e r og l y p h i c s - a n d t h a t t h u s , i n f a c t , t h e y c a n
t e a c h u s n ot h i n g . If s om e of M r . Be n t l e y ' s e x p l a n a t i on s w e r e n ot f ou n d e d , a s i n r e a l i t y t h e y
a r e , u p on
f a l s e d r a w i n g s , b u t e v e n u p on t r u e on e s , t h i s w ou l d c om p l e t e l y b l ow t h e m i n t oa i r . I
h a v e s om e w h e r e r e a d t h a t t h e or d e r a b ov e g i v e n b y A u g u s t u s c a u s e d a n i n s u r r e c t i on .
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w a y s , 3
a n d t h a t t h e s a m e n u m b e r i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y s e v e r a l d i s t i n c t c h a r a c t e r s , a s d e s c r i b e d i n h i s
p l a t e N o . IX .
O n t u r n i n g t ot h e p l a t e , If i n d n i n e d i f f e r e n t c h a r a c t e r s f or t h e u n i t , a n d e i g h t f or
t h e n u m b e r f ou r , a n d ot h e r s i n t h e s a m e w a y . F r om t h i s g r e a t n u m b e r of s i g n s f or on e i d e a , or
l e t t e r , or n u m b e r , t h e e x p ou n d e r m a y c on s t r u e t h e m i n t ow h a t h e p l e a s e s
.
T h e e x p os u r e of M r
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n a t i on h a s b e e n t a ke n a d v a n t a g e of b y t h e p r i e s t s t oov e r t h r ow a l l t h e f or m e r t h e or i e s r e s p e c t i n g
t h e s e Zod i a c s , a n d t od r a w c on c l u s i on s i n i m i c a l t oa l l f u r t h e r i n q u i r y
. It h a s a f f or d e d t ot h e m
.
g r a n d t r i u m p h ov e r t h e p h i l os op h e r s , a n d i s s op l a u s i b l e , t h a t i t h a s d e c e i v e d s om e v e r y l e a r n e d
or i e n t a l i s t s .
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b y M e s s r s
. Y ou n g a n d C h a m p ol l i on ' s s y s t e m of m a ki n g m a n y p h on e t i c s i g n s f or on e l e t t e r , t h e y
m a y b e m a d e t os p e a kw h a t e v e r t h e e x p os i t or c h oos e s ; f or t h e y t a ke m u c h g r e a t e r l i b e r t i e s t h a n
M r
. Be n t l e y t ooki n t h i s r e s p e c t , a n d h e s u c c e e d e d i n m a ki n g ou t w h a t h e w i s h e d , t h ou g h t ot a l l y
d e s t i t u t e of a n y f ou n d a t i on i n t r u t h . Bu t t h e e x p os u r e i s of c on s e q u e n c e f or y e t on e m or e r e a s on
- i t p r ov e s t h a t a r b i t r a r y f i g u r e s , w h i c h a r e
n ot H i e r og l y p h i c s a t a l l , m a y b e m a d e t og i v e ou t
s u c h a m e a n i n g a s t h e e x p os i t or w i s h e s ; f or s e v e r a l of M r . Be n t l e y ' s d r a w i n g s a r e n ot H i e r og l y -
p h i c s , b u t m e r e l y a r b i t r a r y , u n m e a n i n g f i g u r e s , n ot i n t h e Zod i a c s
. T h i s f a c t w a s d i s c ov e r e d i n
t h e f ol l ow i n g m a n n e r ;
Iw a s t ol d b y a v e r y l e a r n e d or i e n t a l i s t , t h a t h e w a s q u i t e c on v i n c e d b y
' S a b a e a n Re s . p . 2 1 8 .

2
A r t . C h r on . P . 7 5 1 . .

3 P p . 2 5 7 , 2 5 8 .
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M r
. Be n t l e y ' s b ookt h a t t h e Zod i a c s w e r e Rom a n c a l e n d a r s ;
a n d t h a t a l l q u e s t i on s r e s p e c t i n g t h e m
w e r e c l os e d .
J u d g i n g f r om t h e d a t e s a s g i v e n a b ov e Ic ou l d n ot b e l i e v e t h i s , a n d b e i n g a t t h e t i m e
v e r y m u c h e n g a g e d , Ir e q u e s t e d m y f r i e n d Ri c h a r d M a ke n z i e Be v e r l e y , E s q
. , L L . D . , t oe x a m i n e
t h e w or kf or m e .
In c on s e q u e n c e of m y r e q u e s t h e w r ot e a p a p e r w h i c h w a s r e a d , b y m y d e s i r e ,
t ot h e A s i a t i c S oc i e t y , a n d , a s Iw a s t ol d , f or Iw a s n ot p r e s e n t , w i t h g r e a t a p p l a u s e . Bu t , f or
r e a s on s u n kn ow n t om e , t h e c ou n c i l r e f u s e d t op u b l i s h i t i n t h e i r T r a n s a c t i on s
. W h e n Ic on s i d e r
a l l t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s r e l a t i n g t ot h i s p a p e r , - t h e f a c t t h a t i t p r e v e n t s t h e p r i e s t s f r om c l os i n g t h e
d oor u p on a n y f u r t h e r i n q u i r y i n t ot h os e c u r i ou s m on u m e n t s
; a n d , a g a i n , s i n c e i T P RO V E S t h a t , b y
t h e n e w s y s t e m , H i e r og l y p h i c s m a y b e m a d e t os a y a n y t h i n g or e v e r y t h i n g , a n d t h a t i t t h e r e b y
ov e r t u r n s t h e w h ol e of M
. C h a m p ol l i on ' s s y s t e m , Ia m i n d u c e d t ot a ke t h e l i b e r t y of t e l l i n g t h i s
l e a r n e d b od y , t h a t M r
. Be v e r l e y ' s p a p e r w a s of m or e c on s e q u e n c e t h a n a l l t h e p a p e r s h i t h e r t o
p u b l i s h e d i n t h e i r T r a n s a c t i on s p u t t og e t h e r
; m a n y of w h i c h a r e n ot or i ou s l y n on s e n s i c a l e n ou g h .
T h e s e A s i a t i c g e n t l e m e n a r e c on s t a n t l y c om p l a i n i n g t h a t t h e U n i v e r s i t i e s t r e a t t h e m a n d t h e i r
l e a r n i n g w i t h n e g l e c t ;
h ow c a n t h e y e x p e c t a n y t h i n g b e t t e r , w h e n t h e y t h u s r e f u s e t op u b l i s h
t h e p a p e r , n ot a n on y m ou s , of
a C a n t a b of h i g h a c a d e m i c a l r a n k ?
F or , h ow e v e r Im a y r e g r e t
t h e l i n e h e h a s t a ke n s i n c e t h a t p a p e r w a s w r i t t e n , r e a d , a n d r e f u s e d t ob e p r i n t e d , If e e l b ou n d t o
s a y , h e i s a g e n t l e m a n of g r e a t l e a r n i n g a n d t a l e n t
. It h i n kt h e c i r c u m s t a n c e a l t og e t h e r s t r i ki n g l y
c on f i r m s m y ob s e r v a t i on r e s p e c t i n g t h e O r i e n t a l i s t s , i n BookV
. C h a p . IV . S e c t . 1 2 . H ow e v e r , t h e
r e f u s a l t op u b l i s h t h e p a p e r w i l l n ot s u c c e e d i n ke e p i n g t h e w or l d i n i g n or a n c e
. A f t e r w h a t I
h a v e w r i t t e n h e r e , M r
. Be n t l e y ' s w or kw i l l b e s oon c om p a r e d w i t h t h e p l a t e s i n C r e u z e r , a n d i n
t h e g r a n d w or kof t h e F r e n c h i n t h e Br i t i s h M u s e u m , a n d t h e f a l s i t y of i t m a d e p u b l i c
. Is h a l l
r e t u r n t oM r
. Be n t l e y , of w h om Is h a l l h a v e s om e t h i n g of m u c h i m p or t a n c e t os a y b e f or e If i n i s h
m y w or k.
Ih a v e n od ou b t t h a t t h e s oc i e t i e s of ou r t h r e e P r e s i d e n c i e s i n In d i a , m a y j u s t l y b e
c a l l e d , T h r e e S oc i e t i e s f or t h e S u p p r e s s i on of O r i e n t a l K n ow l e d g e
.
Ih op e t h e S oc i e t y i n G r a f t on
S t r e e t w i l l b e m or e c a u t i ou s i n f u t u r e , a n d w i l l n ot g i v e t h e i r e n e m i e s a n op p or t u n i t y t os a y , t h a t
t h e y m a ke a f ou r t h .
T os a y t h e v e r y l e a s t , w h oe v e r a d v i s e d t h e m n ot t op u b l i s h M r . Be v e r l e y ' s
p a p e r , d i d n ot e x e r c i s e a s ou n d d i s c r e t i on
.
C H A P T E R. III
S e m i r a m i s t h e s a m e n a m e a s H e l e n - S e m i r a m i s w or s h i p e d a s a D ov e - C a u s e of
Qu a r r e l b e t w e e n t h e J e w s a n d S a m a r i t a n s - P h i l oon t h i s s u b j e c t - S e m i r a m i s
c r u c i f i e d - S t a u r ob a t e s
. P h oi n i x - O r i on
. P h oi n i x c on t i n u e d - C e c r op s . Ix i on .
D i v i n e L ov e c r u c i f i e d .
1 . Iw i l l n ow a d d a f e w m or e ob s e r v a t i on s r e s p e c t i n g t h e c e l e b r a t e d S e m i r a m i s , or t h e In d i a n
S a m i - Ra m a - Is i . N i m r od s a y s , ' 1 T h e n a m e of S e m i - Ra m i s w i l l oc c u r t oe v e r y r e a d e r ; s h e w a s
" b ot h a q u e e n of u n r i v a l l e d c e l e b r i t y , a n d a l s ot h e G od d e s s m ot h e r , w or s h i p e d u n d e r t h e f or m of
G Q t h e D ov e t h a t a c c om p a n i e d N oa h i n t h e A r k
.
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t h e S y r i a n s , Ba b y l on i s h C h a l d e e s , a n d C u l d e e s or
H E BRI-
BookIX
. C h a p t e r III . S e c t i on 2

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C h a l d e e s .
T h e l e a r n e d L y c op h r on c a l l s
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or t h e Ba c c h i c d ov e . H e l e n s w a s b or n ou t of a
` ~ w a t e r f ow l ' s e g g , a n d t h a t w h i c h H y g i n u s r e l a t e s e v i n c e s f u l l y t h a t s h e w a s t h e Ba b y l on i a n
" V e n u s a n d t h e D e a S y r i a
. " 3
S h e w a s t h e d a u g h t e r of D e r c e t i s , of A s c a l on , of t h e P h i l i s t i n e s .
S h e w a s a l s os a i d t oh a v e b e e n n u r s e d b y t h e r i v e r S i m oi s
. T h i s c on n e c t s h e r w i t h t h e H e l l e n
of T r oy .
If s h e w e r e t h e s a m e a s D i a n a , l i ke D i a n a , s h e w ou l d , of c ou r s e , b e b l a c k .
H e l e n , l i ke S e m i r a m i s , w a s s u p p os e d t oh a v e b e e n b or n f r om a n e g g : a n d s h e i s s a i d t oh a v e
b e e n d e c e i v e d b y a p h a n t om , s u b s t i t u t e d b y J u n o, i n t h e l i ke n e s s of M e n e l a u s
; a n d , a c c or d i n g t o
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c a l l e d ` E u i v e t a n d ` E A E N H . 4 It h i n kh e r i d e n t i t y w i t h S e m i r a m i s w i l l s c a r c e l y b e d ou b t e d , or
t h e i d e n t i t y of t h e i r m y t h ol og i c a l c h a r a c t e r s
. It i s p r ob a b l e t h a t t h e G r e e kn a m e h a d i t s or i g i n
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n h t h e a n i m a .
T h e H ol y G h os t w a s g e n e r a l l y f e m a l e .
In t h e S y r i a n t e m p l e of H i e r a p ol i s , w h e r e b e t w e e n t h e s t a t u e s of J u p i t e r a n d J u n os t ood t h e
s t a t u e of S e m i r a m i s w i t h t h e d ov e on h e r h e a d , i t w a s t h e c u s t om of t h e p r i e s t s t oe m a s c u l a t e
t h e m s e l v e s , a n d t ow e a r t h e d r e s s
of w om e n . T h e s a m e p r a c t i c e p r e v a i l e d i n t h e t e m p l e of C y b e l e
i n P h r y g i a . M r
. K n i g h t kn ow s n ot h ow t oa c c ou n t f or t h i s . Ib e l i e v e i t w a s d on e i n h on ou r of
t h e f e m a l e p r i n c i p l e , t h e Ion i s m , w h i c h p r e v a i l e d i n t h e s e p l a c e s i n a p e c u l i a r m a n n e r . L u c i a n
d e D e d S y r i d s a y s , t h a t b e t w e e n t h e s t a t u e s of J u p i t e r a n d J u n oi n t h e t e m p l e of H i e r a p ol i s , i n
S y r i a , w a s a s t a t u e of a G od , w h i c h h a d n ot t h e s h a p e of a n y of t h e ot h e r G od s , on w h i c h s t ood a
d ov e .
T h i s m u s t h a v e b e e n a p l a i n s t on e p i l l a r , p r ob a b l y of g r e a t a n t i q u i t y . H e s a y s t h e r e a r e
t w oP r i a p u s e s i n f r on t of t h e t e m p l e 3 0 0 f a t h om s h i g h , on w h i c h d e v ot e e s w e n t a t c e r t a i n s e a s on s
a n d r e m a i n e d s e v e n d a y s . F r om t h i s w e s e e t h a t t h e p i l l a r s a i n t s w e r e n ot p e c u l i a r t oC h r i s -
t i a n i t y , a n d t h a t t h e y p r e c e d e d i t m a n y g e n e r a t i on s
. L u c i a n a l s os a y s , t h e t e m p l e a t H i e r a p ol i s ,
or t h e s a c r e d c i t y , r e s e m b l e s t h e t e m p l e s of Ion i a .
2 . A t H i e r a p ol i s t h e f e m a l e s t a t u e w i t h t h e d ov e u p on i t s h e a d w a s c a l l e d S e m a
. 5
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In d i a .
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C os n or i n - w h e r e , i n a v e r y p a r t i c u l a r m a n n e r , t h e C a m a ,
or , a s i t i s s p e l t i n J a v a , C om o, w a s
a d or e d , w a s a S e m i r a m i s ;
on t h i s a c c ou n t Ia m i n d u c e d s t r on g l y t os u s p e c t t h a t t h e S e m a a b ov e
w a s a c or r u p t i on of
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T h e G od d e s s of D od on a h a d a d ov e on h e r h e a d , a n d w a s c a l l e d D i on e . 7
T h i s D i on e w a s
e v i d e n t l y D i - i on i or D i - i u n e , t h a t i s , t h e h ol y l u n e - d i v a t u n e . N oa h , or N h , or M N H , or M e n u ,
or M i n d , s e n t ou t a r a v e n - t h e e m b l e m of d a r kn e s s - w h i c h m a d e n or e t u r n , p r od u c e d n ot h i n g
;
h e t h e n s e n t ou t t h e d ov e ,
t h e e m b l e m of L ov e , w h i c h b r ou g h t b a c kt h e ol i v e , t h e e m b l e m of
w i s d om , of M i n e r v a .
E g w s ,
D i v i n e L ov e , w a s t h e
P r ot og on os , t h e s a m e a s w i s d om .
T h e a b ov e ob s e r v a t i on s a r e s t r i ki n g l y s u p p or t e d b y t h e f ol l ow i n g p a s s a g e s of t h e J e w i s h w r i t -
i n g s
: J e r e m i a h x x v . 3 8 , - f a c t a e s t t e r r a e or u m i n d e s ol a t i on e m
a f a c i e i r a e c ol u m b a e . A g a i n ,
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. 1 6 , - F or f e a r of t h e op p r e s s i n g
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s
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3 N i m r od , V ol . II . p . 2 4 9 .

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. V ol . XXXV II. p . 2 0 4 .
F a b e r , O r i g i n . P a g . Id ol . V ol . III . p p . 3 3 , 3 4 .

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S e e A s i a t . Re s . V ol . IV . p . 3 6 9 .
7
H e r od ot . L i b . i i . 5 4 , &c . , a p u d P a y n e K n i g h t on S y m b . S . 7 3 .
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f l e e e v e r y on e t oh i s ow n l a n d . '
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. x l v i . 1 6 ,
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` E XA r l v i x ~ s .
3
. In c on f i r m a t i on of a n i d e a w h i c h Ie n t e r t a i n t h a t t h e d i v i s i on b e t w e e n t h e t r i b e s of J u d a a n d
Is r a e l w a s r e l i g i ou s m or e t h a n p ol i t i c a l , s e v e r a l p a s s a g e s m a y b e c i t e d . T h e s i n of t h e S a m a -
r i t a n s w a s i n p a r t , n od ou b t , a r e t u r n t ot h e a d or a t i on of t h e S u n i n T a u r u s , a s t h e D i v i n e
m a n i f e s t a t i on .
O f t h i s t h e g od A p i s , s e t u p a t S i n a i , a t D a n , a n d a t Be t h e l , i s t h e f i r s t a n d a
d e c i s i v e p r oof . T h i s i s c on f i r m e d b y a n ot h e r p a s s a g e ,
2 w h i c h s h e w s , t h a t t h e f e s t i v a l s t h a t
M os e s h a d r e g u l a t e d , w i t h r e g a r d t ot h e p r e c e s s i on of on e m on t h , w e r e r e s t or e d b y J e r ob oa m . T h e
on e m on t h i s e x a c t l y t h e t i m e of t h e e q u i n oc t i a l p r e c e s s i on b e t w e e n T a u r u s a n d A r i e s , w h i c h , of
c ou r s e , w ou l d r e g u l a t e a l l t h e ot h e r f e s t i v a l s . S o " J e r ob oa m or d a i n e d a f e a s t i n t h e e i g h t h
" m on t h , l i ke u n t ot h e f e a s t t h a t i s i n J u d a h
. - O n t h e f i f t e e n t h d a y of t h e e i g h t h m on t h , w h i c h h e
h a d d e v i s e d of h i s ow n h e a r t . "
T h e e x p r e s s i on m a r ke d i n i t a l i c s s e e m s t os h e w t h a t t h e f e s t i v a l
h a d b e e n a m a t t e r of d i s p u t e .
A n d i t i s a d d e d , t h a t t h e f e a s t w a s a s a c r i f i c e v i t u l i s , or t ot h e
i m a g e s of T a u r u s , w h i c h h e h a d s e t u p i n Be t h e l a n d D a n . " G od c om m a n d e d t h e ob s e r v a t i on

of t h e f e a s t of t a b e r n a c l e s on t h e f i f t e e n t h d a y of t h e s e v e n t h m on t h
.
J e r ob oa m , i n or d e r t o

c or r u p t t h e e s t a b l i s h e d w or s h i p , a p p oi n t e d a f e a s t on t h e f i f t e e n t h d a y of t h e e i g h t h m on t h
. "
s
T h e c r i m e of t h e S a m a r i t a n s w a s a r e t u r n t ot h e a d or a t i on of T a u r u s a n d t h e d ou b l e p r i n c i p l e ,
e v i d e n c e d b y t h e s e t t i n g u p of t h e c a l v e s , d ou b t l e s s b ot h
m a l e a n d f e m a l e , a t D a n a n d Be t h e l , a n d
b y t h e D ov e f ou n d i n t h e i r t e m p l e , a s r e p or t e d b y Ra b b i M e i r
.
In t h i s d i s p u t e t h e p r i e s t s a n d L e v i t e s w ou l d , of c ou r s e , b e v e r y m u c h i m p l i c a t e d
. W h e n t h e
p e r s on s , c a l l e d i n t h e J e w i s h b ooks D a v i d a n d S ol om on , r e m ov e d t h e s a c r e d p l a c e f r om G e r i z i m
t oJ e r u s a l e m , t h e y w ou l d t a ke t h e p r i e s t s a l on g w i t h i t
. T h e ki n g w ou l d w i s h t oh a v e t h e h i g h
p r i e s t n e a r h i m , t h a t h e m i g h t h a v e a w a t c h u p on h i s e n or m ou s p ow e r
. T h e p r i e s t w ou l d l i ke t o
b e n e a r t h e ki n g , t ow a t c h a n d c on t r ou l h i m : f or a p r i e s t h ood i s a l w a y s , w i t h ou t a n y e x c e p t i on ,
a n i m p e r i u m i n i m p e r i o,
a l w a y s , e i t h e r m or e or l e s s , s t r u g g l i n g f or p ow e r . W h e n J e r ob oa m
r e s t or e d t h e ol d w or s h i p , h e w ou l d w i s h t oh a v e t h e ol d p r i e s t s ; a n d w h e t h e r h e h a d a n y of t h e m
or n ot h e w ou l d c l a i m t oh a v e t h e m . T h i s a p p e a r s f r om IK i n g s ,
4 w h e r e h e i s c h a r g e d b y t h e
J e w s w i t h m a ki n g p r i e s t s ou t of a l l t h e p e op l e
. T h i s i s a g a i n c on f i r m e d b y a s p e e c h of K i n g
A b i j a h ( s on of Re h ob oa m )m a d e on m ou n t E p h r a i m : " H a v e y e n ot c a s t ou t t h e p r i e s t s of t h e
" L or d , t h e s on s of A a r on , a n d t h e L e v i t e s , a n d h a v e m a d e y ou p r i e s t s a f t e r t h e m a n n e r of t h e
" n a t i on s of t h e ot h e r l a n d , s ot h a t w h os oe v e r c om e t h t oc on s e c r a t e h i m s e l f w i t h a y ou n g b u l l oc k
"
a n d s e v e n r a m s m a y b e a p r i e s t ? "
It m a y b e t r u e t h a t J e r ob oa m d i d t h i s , b u t a s i t i s m a d e
a c h a r g e a g a i n s t h i m b y h i s e n e m y , a n d h i s e n e m y i s ou r on l y w i t n e s s t ot h e f a c t , w e c a n n ot
r e c e i v e i t a s a t h i n g e s t a b l i s h e d , on w h i c h w e c a n r e a s on .
In t h e t i m e of Ra b b i M e i r , a s Ih a v e a l r e a d y s t a t e d , t h e i m a g e of a d ov e w a s f ou n d i n t h e t e m -
p l e of M ou n t G e r i z i m .
6
T h i s s e r v e s t os h e w , t h a t on e r e a s on of t h e s c h i s m b e t w e e n t h e J e w s
a n d S a m a r i t a n s w a s t h e r e t u r n of t h e l a t t e r t ot h e a d or a t i on of t h e Qu e e n of H e a v e n . T h e
M a Xa i oa s ` E % % r l v i x i j s ,
t h e H e l l e n i c S w or d , c l e a r l y p r ov e s t h e t r u t h of w h a t Ih a v e b e f or e s a i d ,
t h a t H e l e n a n d L on e h a d t h e s a m e m e a n i n g - t h a t of t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r . T h e S e p t u a g i n t
of t e n s e r v e s a s a m os t u s e f u l g l os s
.
4
. P h i l oJ u d a e u s s a y s , t h a t M os e s l e a r n t t h e r e s t of t h e s c i e n c e s of t h e H e l l e n e s :
T r
l
v
a s a XA 7 )v
e y x u x 7 , i ov v r a t e i a v ` E T T i v e s e b i ka - x ov . '
A n d C l e m e n s A l e x a n d r i n u s s a y s , t h a t t h e H e l l e n e s
' Br y a n t , A n a l . V ol . II . p . 3 0 0 .

4
1 K i n g s x i i . 3 2 , 3 3 .

3 L e w i s , A n t . H e b . V ol . II . p . 6 0 2 .
4 x i i . 3 1 , 3 2 .

s
2 C h r on x i i i . 9 .

6 S e e Boc h a r t , V ol . III . C h a p . I . p . 6 .
7
In V i t a M os i s , V ol . II. p . 8 4 .
BookIX . C h a p t e r III
. S e c t i on 5

4 9 9
e d u c a t e d h i m i n E g y p t a s a p r i n c e l y c h i l d , a n d i n s t r u c t e d h i m i n t h e w h ol e c i r c l e of t h e s c i e n c e s
. '
Zor oa s t e r i s , b y E b n Ba t r i c k, s t y l e d l i i n a - H e l l e n . M r
. Br y a n t s a y s , "
F r om w h a t h a s b e e n s a i d ,
"
i t a p p e a r s p l a i n l y , t h a t t h e H e l l e n e s a n d J on e s w e r e t h e s a m e p e op l e u n d e r d i f f e r e n t a p p e l l a -
" t i on s
. T h e y w e r e t h e d e s c e n d a n t s of H e l l e n a n d Ion , t w on a m e s of t h e s a m e p e r s on a g e
;
"
a m on g w h os e s on s i d ol a t r y f i r s t b e g a n i n t h e r e g i on of Ba b y l on i a
. H e w a s s t y l e d Ion , Ion a n ,
"
l on i c h u s , a n d w a s s u p p os e d t ob e t h e a u t h or of M a g i c
. F r om h i m t h e Ba b y l on i a n s h a d t h e
"
n a m e of l on i m , a s w e l l a s of H e l l e n e s ;
f or t h e s e t e r m s w e r e u s e d a s i n s om e d e g r e e s y n on y -
m ou s . " , M r
. Br y a n t j u s t l y ob s e r v e s , t h i s a c c ou n t s f or t h e S e v e n t y r e p e a t e d l y t r a n s l a t i n g t h e
t h e H e b r e w f r om t h e
H e l l e n i c s w or d a 7 r or r oa - w i r e [4 a Xou p a s ` E ~ ~ r w i x - S ,
i n s t e a d of f r om t h e
s w or d of t h e D ov e ,
r i n , s i n h r b T u n e . 2 "
T h e J on e s w e r e t h e l e a d e r s of t h i s p e op l e , a c c or d i n g t o
" t h e b e s t i n f or m a t i on
. T h e y w e r e d e s c e n d a n t s of on e Ion or l on a h , w h ow a s c on c e r n e d i n t h e
"
b u i l d i n g of t h e t ow e r , w h e n t h e l a n g u a g e of m a n ki n d w a s c on f ou n d e d
. " 3
T h i s c on f i r m s m y
i d e a t h a t t h e Ba b y l on i a n s w e r e f ol l ow e r s of t h e Y on i , a n d w e r e e m i g r a n t s f r om In d i a
. W h e n M r
.
Br y a n t w r ot e , t h e b l a z e of l i g h t w h i c h h a s s h on e f r om t h e E a s t , h a d n ot f a l l e n u p on t h e s e
s u b j e c t s .
5
. T h u s S e m i r a m i s , or S e m i - r a m a - i s i , w a s t h e s a m e a s H e l e n , or , i n s h or t , V e n u s , or D i v i n e
L ov e .
H e r v i s i b l e f or m w a s t h a t of t h e d ov e , a s w e l l a s t h a t of t h e w om a n , w h ow a s t h e Ioof
t h e Ion i t e s , or Ion i a n s of S y r i a , w h ow a s c a r r i e d on t h e b a c kof t h e T A U E t 1 - f or m J ov e t oE u r op e ,
w h e r e h e r f ol l ow e r s w e r e kn ow n b y t h e n a m e of Ion i a n P e l a s g i , or Ion i a n s a i l or s
. T h e f ol l ow i n g
a r e t h e w or d s of t h e l e a r n e d d e v ot e e N i m r od
: "
S e m i r a m i s i s s a i d t oh a v e b e e n s l a i n b y t h e l a s t
s u r v i v or of h e r s on s
; w h i l e ot h e r s s a y s h e f l e w a w a y a s a b i r d
. Ib e l i e v e t h a t s h e p e r i s h e d b y
" t h a t a n c i e n t a n d c r u e l p u n i s h m e n t , c r u c i f i x i on
. H e l e n ( a s w e a r e t ol d )w a s p u t t od e a t h b y
"
c e r t a i n w om e n d r e s s e d u p a s F u r i e s or E r i n n y e s , b y s u s p e n d i n g h e r t oa t r e e
. 4 In h on ou r or
" r a t h e r i n e x p i a t i on of h e r s u s p e n s i on , s h e w a s w or s h i p e d a s H e l e n D e n d r i t i s
. Bu t t h e m od e r n

p u n i s h m e n t of h a n g i n g i s on l y a m od i f i c a t i on of t h e a n c i e n t c r u c i f i x i on , i n t r od u c e d q u i t e a s
m u c h b y t h e d e v ot i on a s b y t h e h u m a n i t y of C h r i s t e n d om
;
a n d i t w a s a n a n c i e n t c u s t om t ou s e
` t r e e s
5
a s g i b b e t s f or c r u c i f i x i on , or , i f a r t i f i c i a l , t oc a l l t h e c r os s or f u r c a a t r e e - i n f e l i c i a r b or e

s u s p e n d i t o
. T h e D e u t e r on om y s a y s , '
H e t h a t i s h a n g e d i s a c c u r s e d of G od ; '
6
u p on w h i c h S t
.

P a u l t h u s c om m e n t s : 7 '
C h r i s t h a t h r e d e e m e d u s f r om t h e c u r s e of t h e l a w ,
b e i n g m a d e a c u r s e f or
u s
: f or i t i s w r i t t e n , C u r s e d i s e v e r y on e
t h a t h a n g e t h on a t r e e . ' T h a t ( It h i n k)e x p l a i n s t h e
" c e r e m on y of t h e E r i n n y e s or C u r s e s s u s p e n d i n g H e l e n u p on t h e f a t a l t r e e
. T h e s a m e t r a d i t i on

m a y b e t r a c e d i n t h e h i s t or y of t h e b i r d l y n x or V e n e r e a l D ov e , i n t ow h i c h S e m i r a m i s w a s

c h a n g e d ; b u t t h a t c h a n g e w a s h e r A p ot h e os i s ,
a n d t h e c r u c i f i x i on i s m a d e i n t oa g l or i ou s
m y s -
t e r y b y h e r i n f a t u a t e d a d or e r s . " S o
f a r t h e p i ou s , n ot t h e i n f i d e l , N i m r od . In r e p l y t oh i s l a s t
w or d s , w h i c h Ih a v e m a r ke d b y i t a l i c s , t h e Ion i a n f ol l ow e r s of t h i s i n c a r n a t e E g w g , i f w e h a d t h e m
h e r e t oq u e s t i on , w ou l d m os t l i ke l y i n d i g n a n t l y d e n y e v e r y t h i n g w h i c h w e r e a d of h e r , t oh e r d i s -
a d v a n t a g e , i n t h e p a g e s of op p on e n t s e c t s , h e r e n e m i e s , or i n t h e p oe m s of w i c ke d u n b e l i e v i n g
p oe t s . A g a i n N i m r od s a y s , " " T h e w h e e l
u p on w h i c h c r i m i n a l s w e r e e x t e n d e d w a s a c r os s ,

a l t h ou g h t h e n a m e of t h e t h i n g w a s d i s s e m b l e d a m on g C h r i s t i a n s
; i t w a s a S t . A n d r e w ' s c r os s ,
" of w h i c h t w os p oke s c on f i n e d t h e a r m s a n d t w ot h e l e g s
. T h e D ov e of V e n u s ( b or n on t h e

b a n ks of t h e E u p h r a t e s )w a s a m a e n a d or f a n a t i c b i r d , c r u c i f i e d
on a w h e e l w i t h f ou r s p oke s ,
' S t r om
. L i b . i . p . 4 1 3 .

2
Br y a n t , A n a l . V ol . III . p . 1 6 0 .
3 C h r on
. P a s c h a l e , E u s e b i i C h r on .
P .
7
; Br y a n t , A n a l
. V ol . III. p . 1 4 9 .
4 P a u s a n . L i b
. i i i . C a p . x i x . S e c t . 1
0 ; P t ol . H e p h . L i b
. i v . p . 1 4 9 .

5
S e e E l i a s S c h e d i u s d e D i i s G e r m a n i s , p . 5 1 1 .
6 D e n t . x x i . 2 3 .

7 G a l a t . i i i . 1 3 .

8 P . 3 0 5 .
3 0 0 S t a u r ob a t e s . P h oi n i x
IIoi K , Xa v i v y y a T E
T p a x v a j c ov O v Xv 1 A v o0 s v
E v a ? v T 9 )~ s v f a c a K V K ? f p
M a i v a a ' op w K v s p oy s v s i a 4 E p s v
n p w r oa v G p m a oi c .
c c T h e
8 s a og 2
r 6 T p a x v a o6 of
t h e w h e e l i s e l s e w h e r e d e s c r i b e d b y P i n d a r a s a p u n i s h m e n t of
~ c
t h e a c c u r s e d , t h e e t e r n a l c r u c i f i x i on of Ix i on
. " 3
W h oi s t h e Ix i on c r u c i f i e d , b u t t h e s e c on d p e r s on of t h e H i n d ooT r i n i t y , c a l l e d Ix or a ? 4
6
. In b ot h G r e c i a n a n d H i n d ooh i s t or i e s t h i s m y s t i c a l q u e e n S e m i r a m i s i s s a i d t oh a v e f ou g h t a
b a t t l e on t h e b a n kof t h e In d u s , w i t h a ki n g c a l l e d S t a u r ob a t e s , i n w h i c h s h e w a s d e f e a t e d , a n d
f r om w h i c h s h e f l e w a w a y i n t h e f or m of a D ov e
. O n t h i s N i m r od s a y s ,
c c
T h e n a m e S t a u r ob a t e s ,
c c
t h e ki n g b y w h om S e m i r a m i s w a s f i n a l l y ov e r p ow e r e d , a l l u d e s t ot h e c r os s on w h i c h s h e
c c
p e r i s h e d . " '
Bu t Ba w w m e a n s
t oc a r r y , s o
t h a t S t a u r ob a t e s m i g h t v e r y c or r e c t l y m e a n c r os s - b or n e . Ih a v e
l i t t l e d ou b t t h a t i t m e a n t P a l m - t r e e c r os s a n d
c r os s - b or n e ;
a v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g r e a s on f or t h e l a t t e r
s i g n i f i c a t i on Is h a l l g i v e w h e n It r e a t of t h e
n i n t h In d i a n A v a t a r
. T h e a p p a r e n t c on t r a d i c t i on i n
t h e a c c ou n t of S e n m i r a m i s '
f l y i n g a w a y
a n d b e i n g c r u c i f i e d i s
r e c on c i l e d b y s u p p os i n g , t h a t , on h e r
d e a t h , h e r s ou l f l e w a w a y i n t h e f or m of a d ov e , a s w a s a l w a y s s u p p os e d t ob e t h e c a s e w i t h t h e
s ou l s of t h e Rom a n E m p e r or s , w h o
. w e r e a p ot h e os i s e d
.
1 t h i n ki t i s n ot i m p r ob a b l e t h a t t h e w or d
S t a u r ob a t e s ,
kn ow n i n In d i a a n d G r e e c e , m a y b e a c on t r a c t i on of t w ow or d s f ou n d i n G r e e k, v i z
.
' XT a u ? og a c r os s ,
6 a n d Ba w ov a P a l m
. or P h oe n i x t r e e . It w ou l d t h e n m e a n t h e P h oe n i x or P a l m -
t r e e c r os s .
It m i g h t a l s om e a n
c r os s - b or n e
f r om B7 1 t u . a ( J on e s ) .
It i s a c om p ou n d w or d u s e d b y
t h e G r e e ks
.
Bu t t h e P h oe n i x , a s Ih a v e s h e w n , w a s i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e c y c l e of 6 0 0 or 6 0 8 i n
Ir e l a n d , or w i t h t h e S u n or E t h e r e a l f l u i d , or t h e s t i l l h i g h e r p r i n c i p l e
.
H e r e , p e r h a p s , w e m a y
f i n d t h e or i g i n of t h e m y s t i c a l i d e a of s om e of t h e e a r l y C h r i s t i a n s , t h a t J e s u s C h r i s t w a s c r u c i f i e d
i n t h e h e a v e n s ;
a n d i t m a y l e a d u s t oa s u s p i c i on ( r e c on d i t e a n d m y s t i c a l e n ou g h Ig r a n t , i n t h i s
m y s t i c a l h i s t or y )a s t ow h a t b i r d t h e P h oe n i x r e a l l y w a s
. It w a s a p or t i on of t h e g e n e r a t i v e p r i n c i p l e ,
t h e d i v i n e l ov e , t h e
e p w g , w h i c h f i r s t m ov e d on t h e w a t e r s , a n d w h i c h , i n t h e f or m of a d ov e , w a s
i n c a r n a t e d e v e r y 6 0 0 or 6 0 8 y e a r s , w h e n t h e S u n a n d M oon b e c a m e i n c on j u n c t i on a n d a n e w
s a e c u l u m a r os e
. E ~ u i g or E r os , w e l e a r n f r om t h e O r p h i c A r g on a u t , v e r . 1 1 , h a d t h e n a m e of
P H A N E S ; '
t h a t i s , P h e n n or t h e P h oe n i x , w h i c h h a s t h e m e a n i n g of 6 0 8 .
P h e n n i s t h e s a m e a s
t h e G r e e k
4 a w w
t os h i n e , a n d ( P
a v og a
t or c h , a n d
4 ' a v a t
t h e or g i e s of Ba c c h u s .
D r . C l a r ke ob s e r v e d a P h oe n i x on a n ob e l i s kof t h e S u n a t H e l i op ol i s
.
H e t h i n ks i t w a s a s y m -
b ol of r e v i v i n g n a t u r e . H e r od ot u s s a y s i t w a s l i ke a n e a g l e . O v i d s a y s i t i s a n A s s y r i a n b i r d
; 8
'
P i n d a r , P y t h . i v . v e r . 3 8 0
.

4
Id e m , P y t h . i i . v e r . 7 4 .

3 N i m r od , p . 3 0 6 .
4 V i d e G e or g i u s A l p . T i b . p . 9 9 .

5
N i m r od , 3 0 6 .

6 S e e M a t t . x x v i i . 3 2 .
7
Br y a n t , A n a l . V ol . IIL p . 3 3 0 .

8 C l a r ke ' s T r a v e l s , V ol . IV
. P
. 7 3 , 4 t o .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r III . S e c t i on 7

5 0 1
Id ou b t n ot t h e A s s y r i a n b i r d of S e m i r a m i s . "
M e m n ou w h e n d e a d w a s t r a n s f e r r e d i n t oa b i r d ,

i n c om p a r a b l e ( a s h e h a d b e e n a m on g m e n )f or b e a u t y a n d s a g a c i t y
; t h e O r i on of t h e In d i a n s , a n d

P h oe n i x of t h e c l a s s i c a l w r i t e r s
.
M e m n on w a s t h e s on of A u r or a , or ( b y a n ot h e r a c c ou n t )of
"
S e m i r a m i s , w h os e P e r s i a n n a m e i s H om - a i or t h e b i r d of P a r a d i s e .
N ow P h oi n i x w a s t h e b i r d

of t h e m or n i n g a n d a l s oof P a r a d i s e ; h i s d w e l l i n g w a s i n t h e v e r y E a s t , a t t h e g a t e of h e a v e n ,
" i n
t h e l a n d of t h e s p r i n g , a n d t h e g r ov e of t h e s u n ,
. u p on a p l a i n of u n a l l oy e d d e l i g h t s , l y i n g

t w e l v e c u b i t s h i g h e r t h a n t h e h i g h e s t of m ou n t a i n s
: '
" P h oi n i x w a s a l s oa t r e e
. " " U p on t h e
" h i g h e s t c on v e x i t y or u m b oof A c h i l l e s ' s s h i e l d s t ood a p a l m or P h oi n i x t r e e . " 1
D i od or u s S i c u l u s h a d l e a r n t s om e t h i n g r e l a t i n g t ot h e c r os s , b u t h e e v i d e n t l y d i d n ot u n d e r s t a n d
i t . H e s a y s t h a t S t a u r ob a t e s s e n t t oi n f or m S e m i r a m i s t h a t , i f h e c on q u e r e d h e r ,
h e w ou l d n a i l
h e r t oa c r os s . 2 F r om s u c h s c r a p s of t r a d i t i on s c ol l e c t e d t og e t h e r m a y b e f ou n d t h e s e c r e t m e a n -
i n g of t h e a n c i e n t m y t h os e s , a n d b y n oot h e r m e t h od w i l l t h e y e v e r b e d i s c ov e r e d .
7 .
T h e A r i on or A ou r - Ion j u s t n a m e d w a s a ki n g , w h ow a s s a i d t oh a v e l i v e d a m on g t h e C h a l -
d e a n s . H e i s on e of t h e c on s t e l l a t i on s . T h e G r e c i a n a c c ou n t s of h i m a r e a b s ol u t e l y r i d i c u l ou s ,
a n d e x h i b i t a p e r f e c t s a m p l e of t h e m a n n e r i n w h i c h t h e y a c c ou n t e d f or t h e t r a d i t i on s a n d s u p e r -
s t i t i on s of t h e i r c ou n t r y . H e w a s kn ow n b y t h e A s s y r i a n s b y t h e n a m e of A l - a u r , a n d w a s s a i d
t oh a v e t a u g h t t h e m t ow or s h i p f i r e . T h e w or d i s a c om p ou n d of t h e H e b r e w n i x a u r , A ou r or
U r d e n ot i n g f i r e , ( or t h a t h i g h e r p r i n c i p l e t ow h i c h b ot h b e l on g , )a n d Ion , a D ov e , or l on i
. N ot
on l y b ot h of t h e s e t h i n g s , b u t b ot h of t h e s e w or d s , h a v e b e e n m u c h c on c e r n e d i n t h e m y s t e r i e s of
r e l i g i on , f r om t h e d a y s of A d a m t ot h os e of C h r i s t . 3 O r i on m a y a l s ob e c on s t r u e d t om e a n t h e
m ou n t a i n D ov e , a n d i n t h i s e x a c t l y c oi n c i d e s b ot h w i t h S e m i - r a m i s a n d w i t h t h e In d i a n P a r v a t i 4
P i n d a r s a y s ,
E ; i I' E ou o
O p e j a v y e
IIE A e i a S ov
M r s
r +?
% o9 e r f 2 p s m v a v e i c O a s .
O r i on w a s s a i d t oh a v e b e e n n u r s e d i n a l a n d c a l l e d H e l l op i a , 5 or l a - p i - e l , c ou n t r y of t h e S u n .
M r . Br y a n t
s
h a s s h e w n t h a t P h oi n i x w a s n ot t h e n a m e of a c ou n t r y on l y , b u t w a s a l s oa t e r m
of h on ou r , a p p l i e d t om a n y p l a c e s . H e a l s oob s e r v e s , t h a t i t w a s t h e n a m e of a t r e e w h i c h w a s
a l w a y s h e l d i n t h e h i g h e s t h on ou r , a n d w a s t h ou g h t t ob e i m m or t a l , a s , i f i t d i e d , i t ob t a i n e d a
s e c on d l i f e b y r e n e w a l . H e n c e i t w a s a n e m b l e m of i m m or t a l i t y a m on g a l l n a t i on s .
It i s p r o-
b a b l y t oi t s r e n ov a t i n g p r op e r t y t h a t t h e P s a l m i s t a l l u d e s w h e n h e s a y s , t h e r i g h t e ou s s h a l l f l ou r i s h
l i ke t h e P a l m t r e e . 7 It s n a m e i n H e b r e w i s
In n
T m r .
In J oh n x i i . 1 3 , w e f i n d t h e e x p r e s s i on ,
r a F
3 a i a r a w ~ oi v i x w v - b r a n c h e s of p a l m t r e e s . It i s m e n t i on e d i n t h e M a c c a b e e s s t h a t t h e J e w s
e n t e r e d t h e t e m p l e u p on a s ol e m n oc c a s i on ,
M e r a a w e o- e u s x ou j 3 a i a w . It w a s c a l l e d
i 3 a s
or Ba i
i n E g y p t , a n d f r om i t s s u p p os e d i m m or t a l i t y t h e E g y p t i a n s g a v e t h e n a m e
Ba i t ot h e s ou l
.
E S s
t e v y a p r o/ 3 a u , i u
X? J . 9
T h e i n s i d e of t h e h ol y of h ol i e s , i n t h e J e w i s h t e m p l e , w a s s u r r ou n d e d w i t h p a l m t r e e s or
P h oi n i c i , w h i c h ov e r s h a d ow e d t h e c l ov e n or ox - f oot e d b e i n g s w h i c h g u a r d e d t h e A r k
. S e e p r i n t
of i t i n W a l t on ' s P r ol og om e n a t oh i s P ol y g l ot
.
In t h e f r on t of t h e C h u r c h of M a r i a M a g g i or e i n
Rom e , i s a v e r y l a r g e C or i n t h i a n c ol u m n , t h e c a p i t a l of c ou r s e or n a m e n t e d w i t h p a l m l e a v e s
.
C om e f r om w h e r e i t w ou l d , i t w a s p r ob a b l y p l a c e d t h e r e b e f or e t h e C h u r c h of t h e Qu e e n of H e a v e n ,
' N i m r od , V ol . III. p . 3 9 0 .

'
B. II . C h . i .

'
N i m r od , V ol . I. p . 4 , S u p . E d .

N i m r od , V ol . I . p . 1 4 . ' S t r a b o, L i b .
x . p .
6 4 9 ,
O x on . Ib i d .
6
A
n a l . H e a t h . M y t h ol . V ol . I. p . 3 2 2 .

7 P s a l m x c i i . 1 2
.

1 M a c c . x i i i . 5 1 .
9 H or a p ol l o, L i b . L C a p . v i i
. p . 1 1 .
5 0 2

C e e r op s . Ix i on . D i v i n e L ov e C r u c i f i e d
f or t h e s a m e r e a s on t h a t t h e ob e l i s ks w e r e p l a c e d b e f or e t h e t e m p l e s a t D od on a , a t D e l p h i , a n d i n
E g y p t , a n d t h i s Iw i l l p r ov e b e f or e If i n i s h m y w or k
.
W h e n t h e P h a r a oh of E g y p t g a v e a t i t l e of h on ou r t oJ os e p h , h e c a l l e d h i m Zop h n a t P a n e a c h ,
Ri . p p on h j - z p n t
.
A f t e r a l on g d i s q u i s i t i on t h e l e a r n e d P f e i f f e r b r i n g s ou t t h e w or d m a r z p n t
t om e a n ' y v w S v W or A u g u r
. It h i n kt h e n i n
p on h i s t h e P h e n or P h oi n i x - u s e d m e t a p h or i c a l l y
a s i l l u s t r i ou s , g r a n d , g r e a t , t h e g r e a t A u g u r , or p r op h e t , or w i s e m a n - t h e P a r a g on or P h oe n i x
of A u g u r s .
J u s t i n M a r t y r c i t e s t h e e x a m p l e of t h e P h oe n i x b u r n i n g i t s e l f t op r ov e t h e i m m or t a l i t y of t h e
s ou l
.
If t h i s d on ot p r ov e t h e w i s d om of t h e h ol y f a t h e r , i t p r ov e s t h e p r e v a l e n c e of t h e s u p e r -
s t i t i on a n d i t s p r ob a b l e c on n e x i on w i t h C h r i s t i a n i t y
.
H e h a s m i s t a ke n t h e n u m b e r of y e a r s of
i t s p e r i od
;
b u t a u t h or s d i f f e r e d a b ou t t h i s , n ot u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e n a t u r e of t h e c y c l e c on c e a l e d
b e n e a t h t h e a l l e g or y
.
Ia p p r e h e n d t h e p a l m t r e e or t h e P h oi n i x t r e e w a s t h e s a c r e d t r e e , t h e t r e e of w i s d om , f or
a n ot h e r r e a s on , v i z
. f r om t h e u s e of i t s l e a v e s f or t h e p u r p os e of w r i t i n g
. It h a d t h e n a m e of
D ou m t r e e - t r e e of t h e O u m or O m , D ' O m
.
T h e P h oi n i x w a s t h e O m , t h e c y c l e of 6 0 0 .
It
w a s t h e or n a m e n t
of
t h e H ol y of H ol i e s of t h e J e w i s h t e m p l e , of t h e
A t w v T w v A i w v w v , t h e e t e r -
n a l l y r e n ov a t i n g c y c l e , w h i c h w a s on e of h i s n a m e s
. I
In a n c i e n t E g y p t i a n P h e n e h m e a n t c y c l u s ,
p e r i od u s , a e v u m .
S C A L IG E R.
P h oe n i x , E g y p t i i s a s t r ol og i a e s y m b ol u m
. BO C H A RT .
U n a e s t q u a e r e p a r a t s e q u e i p s a r e s e m i n a t
A l e s A s s y r i i P h oe n i c a v oc a n t
. O v e n ?
T h e M e n e i a d a e , or t h e p r i e s t s of M e n e s , w e r e s a i d t oh a v e b e e n c h a n g e d i n t od ov e s , b e c a u s e ,
s a y s M r
. Br y a n t , 3
t h e y w e r e Ion i m .
H e r e i s a r e m a r ka b l e p r oof of t h e i g n or a n c e of t h e G r e e ks .
T h e y f ou n d t h e p r i e s t s t ob e Ion i m - t h a t i s , t h e H e b r e w p l u r a l of l on i - or t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e
Ion i , w h i c h h a d t h e m e a n i n g of
d ov e , a s w e h a v e s e e n
. T h i s t h e y u n d e r s t ood , b u t n ot u n d e r -
s t a n d i n g t h e ot h e r m e a n i n g , v i z
. t h e s e c t a r i a n t e r m , t h e y h a d n oa l t e r n a t i v e b u t t om a ke t h e m
d ov e s , a n d D ov e s or P e l e i a d e s t h e y m a d e t h e m
. T h e p r i e s t e s s e s a t D od on a w e r e Ion i - a n s , b u t
n ot , a s H e s y c h i u s c a l l s t h e m , H s ? e i a i G r e e kd ov e s
: n or w e r e t h e y , a s S e r v i u s d e s c r i b e d t h e m ,
C H A O N IA N D ov e s . 4
H e r od ot u s h a s i n f or m e d u s w h a t t h i s m e a n s : h e s a y s t h e y w e r e b l a c k
w om e n , P
. e 7 a i v a s , w h oc a m e f r om E g y p t .
W h e r e t h e y c a m e f r om i s n ot n ow t h e q u e s t i on , b u t
Id a r e s a y t h e y w e r e b l a c kw om e n , Ion i m , f ol l ow e r s of t h e b l a c kq u e e n of h e a v e n - P y t h on e s s e s ,
or S i b y l s , p e r h a p s - A s i a t i c Ion i m - Ion i a n s .
Bu t i t s e e m s t h a t h e d i d n ot u n d e r s t a n d t h e w h ol e
of t h e m a t t e r , f or h e s a y s , h e s u p p os e s t h e s e b l a c kw om e n w e r e f or e i g n e r s , b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e
c a l l e d d ov e s - a r e a s on f ool i s h e n ou g h
. T h i s e x p l a i n s a l l t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s a b ou t t h e p r i e s t e s s e s
b e i n g d ov e s of t h e d i f f e r e n t t e m p l e s
.
F r om t h e S i b y l l i n e or a c l e s Il e a r n t h a t t h e D ov e s e n t ou t b y N oa h w a s b l a c k
.
T h e m y s t i c i s m
of t h i s b l a c k
d ov e i s p r e t t y c l e a r . Ih a v e s e e n v e r y d a r k- c ol ou r e d b u t n e v e r
a r a v e n - b l a c k d ov e .
T h e d ov e w a s t h e on l y b i r d of f e r e d i n s a c r i f i c e b y t h e J e w s
.
8
. C e c r op s w a s s a i d t ob e t h e f ou n d e r of A t h e n s , a n d t oh a v e b e e n t h e i n v e n t or of a c e r t a i n
' V i d e BookV . C h . IV . S e c t . 1 0 .

s
BookV
. C h .
II .
S e c t
. 5 ; C h . XIII. S e c t . 2 .
3
A n a l . A n c . M y t h . V ol . II . p . 2 9 0 .
` T h e w or d C h a on i a n i s v e r y c u r i ou s . I
s u s p e c t i t h a d t h e s a m e m e a n i n g a s t h e A p ol l o
C u n n i u s ; a n d t h a t t h e r e
n e v e r w a s s u c h a t ow n a s C h a on or C a on i n G r e e c e , a l t h ou g h t h e r e m i g h t b e m ou n t a i n s s oc a l l e d b y t h e p r i e s t s
.
BookIX . C h a p t e r III
. S e c t i on 8
. 5 0 3
ki n d of c a ke m a d e of f i n e f l ou r a n d h on e y , of f e r e d
t o t h e Qu e e n of H e a v e n . ' T h e s e c a ke s w e r e
s a i d t ob e m a d e w i t h h or n s , a n d w e r e c a l l e d
Bou n
s
or
Be g
or
Be t ' .
A s i m i l a r ki n d of c a ke s a r e
c a l l e d b y J e r e m i a h 3 d ' r i o c u n i m . T h e S e v e n t y t r a n s l a t e t h i s b y t h e w or d Xa u w v a g . M 7 1 a v s u
z w v a v 8 p c ov r u a v e T oa I~ 6 a s v a u r a Xa v c u v a g . ;
A l l t h i s r e l a t e s , It h i n k, t ot h e j oi n t a d or a t i on of
t h e Be e v e a n d t h e Y on i - t ot h e Ba a l t i s ; a n d It h i n kt h e
o' m
c u n i m w e r e t h e c a ke s a l l u d e d t ob y
M r . Br y a n t a n d d e s c r i b e d b y H e r od ot u s . 5 A t A t h e n s t h e r e w a s a n A p ol l oC u n n i u s . 6 C e c r op s
s a c r i f i c e d n ot h i n g t h a t h a d l i f e . H e r e w e g ob a c kt ot h e Bu d d h i s t s
. ' In a l m os t a l l n a t i on s w h e n
w e g ot ot h e i r or i g i n , w e m e e t w i t h s om e c i r c u m s t a n c e of t h i s ki n d t oc on n e c t t h e m w i t h
t h e or i e n t a l d oc t r i n e s , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t ot h e a b s t i n e n c e f r om a n i m a l f ood .
T h e f ol l ow i n g ob s e r v a t i on s of t h e v e r y l e a r n e d a n d p i ou s N i m r od c a n n ot f a i l , It h i n k, t oe x c i t e
s om e s e n s a t i on s of a c u r i ou s ki n d i n t h e m i n d of t h e r e a d e r
: " C a u d a t e d e n ot e s , a s Ib e l i e v e ,
" t h e S h e H a w kof t h e W h e e l ,
t h a t i s , t h e A n i m a M u n d i or D i v i n e S p i r i t of t h e w or l d ' s r ot a t i on .
"
W e r e a d i n P i n d a r of t h e v e n e r e a l b i r d l y n x b ou n d t ot h e w h e e l , a n d of t h e p r e t e n d e d p u n i s h -
m e n t of Ix i on .
a
Bu t t h i s r ot a t i on w a s r e a l l y n op u n i s h m e n t , b e i n g , a s P i n d a r s a i t h , v ol u n t a r y ,
~ ~ a n d p r e p a r e d b y h i m s e l f a n d f or h i m s e l f : or i f i t w a s , i t w a s a p p oi n t e d i n d e r i s i on of h i s f a l s e
` ~ p r e t e n s i on s w h e r e b y h e g a v e h i m s e l f O U T A S T H E C RU C IF IE D S P IRIT O F T H E W O RL D . " 9
T h e m y s t i c u n i on of t h e E g w g a n d t h e ' ' I' u Xi j , C u p i d a n d P s y c h e , i s c e l e b r a t e d b y t h e G r e e ks i n
a v a s t v a r i e t y of b e a u t i f u l a l l e g or i e s
; b u t w e a l m os t a l w a y s f i n d t h e d ov e a n d t h e f l a m i n g t or c h t o
b e p a r t of t h e c e r e m on y . T h e b u t t e r f l y or t h e c h r y s a l i s , e m b l e m a t i c a l of t h e m e t e m p s y c h os i s or
c h a n g e of s t a t e , i s g e n e r a l l y s e e n . 1 0 V a r r oi t a q u e e a r n d e f i n i t , " A n i m a e s t a e r c on c e p t u s or e ,
' Br y a n t , A n a l
. V ol . 1 . p 2 9 9 .
'
Ib e l i e v e t h a t i t w a s f r om t h i s
S s v w e d e r i v e d ou r w or d b oon
f or a s e r v i c e r e n d e r e d b y a t e n a n t t oh i s l a n d l or d , or
a p i e c e of w or kd on e g r a t i s - a n d
ou r w or d b on f i r e ,
on d a y s of g r e a t r e j oi c i n g
. Is u s p e c t t h a t t h e y a l l c a m e t oE n
.
g l a n d w i t h C u n ob e l i n u s or
A p ol l oC u n n i u s , a f t e r w h om ou r ki n g w a s s oc a l l e d , i f t h e r e w e r e s u c h a ki n g
.
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. v i i . 1 8 , x l i v . 1 8 , 1 9
.

' J e r e m i a h x l i v . 1 9 .

s
A n a l . A n t . M y t h . V ol . I . p . 3 0 1 .
6 Ib i d . p . 3 5 0 .

7
P a u s a n . L i b
. v i i i . p . 6 0 0 .
8
T E T p a x y a p c ov e a p a l : e S s T oy E ov oXe 3 p ov O y ' . P y t h . 2 , v . 7 4
. T h e f ou r s p oke s r e p r e s e n t S t . A n d r e w ' s c r os s , a d a p t e d
t ot h e f ou r l i m b s e x t e n d e d , a n d f u r n i s h p e r h a p s t h e ol d e s t p r of a n e a l l u s i on t ot h e c r u c i f i x i on
. T h i s s a m e c r os s of S t .
A n d r e w w a s t h e T H A U ,
w h i c h E z e ki e l c om m a n d s t h e m t om a r ku p on t h e f or e h e a d s of t h e f a i t h f u l , a s a p p e a r s f r om ol d
Is r a e l i t i s h c oi n s w h e r e on t h a t l e t t e r i s e n g r a v e d
. T h e s a m e i d e a w a s f a m i l i a r t oL u c i a n , w h oc a l l s T t h e l e t t e r of c r u -
c i f i x i on , a n d s e e m s t od e r i v e i t f r om t h e w or d
s a v p oc c . ( L u c . J u d
. v oc e a d f i n e m , e t v i d
. C h i s h u l l , A n t . A s s . p
. 2 1 . )
C e r t a i n l y t h e v e n e r a t i on f or t h e c r os s i s v e r y a n c i e n t
. l y n x t h e b i r d of M a n t i c i n s p i r a t i on ,
v a t y a s op v q , b ou n d t ot h e
f ou r - l e g g e d w h e e l ,
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E v
a Xv T c p ? s v x ~ e i oa x v x X? ),
g i v e s t h e n ot i on of d i v i n e l ov e c r u c i e d .
T h e w h e e l d e n ot e s t h e w or l d , of w h i c h s h e i s t h e s p i r i t , a n d t h e c r os s t h e
s a c r i f i c e m a d e f or t h a t w or l d
. l y n x i s u s e d f or L ov e , D e s i r e , A p p e t i t i on , a n d t h e n c e t h e L a t i n w or d i u n g oor y u n g o
Iu n i t e , a n d ou r n a m e f or t h e a g e of s e n s u a l l ov e , Y ou n g - g oo
c l a y w y y a .
H a v i n g e x p l a i n e d t h u s m u c h , Im a y a d d
w i t h C ol u m e l l a , L i b . x . v e r . 3 4 9 ,
H i x e A m y t h a on i u s , d oc u i t q u e r n p l u r i m a C h e i r on ,
N oc t u r n a s e a u C IBU S v ol u c r e s s u s p e n d i t , e t a l t i s
C u h n i n i b u s v e t u i t f e r a l i a c a r m i n a f l e r e
.

T h u s f a r A ' i m r od
.
Is h a l l m a ke n oob s e r v a t i on u p on t h e c r u c i f i x i on
of t h e d ov e of V e n u s , t h e m c e n a d or f a n a t i c b i r d , b or n a t A s ke l on
a n d on t h e E u p h r a t e s , of d i v i n e l ov e , b e f or e C h r i s t i a n i t y e x i s t e d , e x c e p t , 1 s t , t h a t t h e p r i e s t s f or a l m os t 2 0 0 0 y e a r s h a v e
b e e n e m p l oy e d i n d e s t r oy i n g e v e r y t h i n g w h i c h t h e y t h ou g h t m a d e a g a i n s t t h e i r s y s t e m , a n d
h ow t h i s h a s e s c a p e d
t h e m Id on ot kn ow ; a n d , 2 d l y , t h a t E p w c ,
or d i v i n e l ov e , a s t h e r e a d e r h a s s e e n , w a s t h e f i r s t - b e g ot t e n s on of t h e
P l a t on i s t s .
9 N i m r od , V ol . 1 . p . 2 7 8 , S u p p r e s s e d E d i t i on .

1 0 V i d e S p on . M i s s
. E r a d . A n t .
P .
7 .
5 0 4
C e c r op s . Ix i on
. D i v i n e L ov e C r u c i f i e d
" d e f e r v e f a c t u s i n p u l m on e , t e p e f a c t u s i n c or d e , d i f f u s u s i n c or p or e
. " Im oL a t i n A n i m a a G r a e c o
a v e . og ,
v e n t u s :
s i c P l a u t u s , V i r g i l i u s e t a l i i a n i m a m s a e p e n u m e r op r ov e n t ou s u r p a r u n t
. In d e
a n i m a m e f f l a r e d i x e r u n t , q u od e a r n p r ov e n t of l a t u v e h a b e r e n t , c om p r ob a t u r q u e s e q u e n t i m a r m or e ,
u b i p a p i l i o
a m or t u oe f f l a t u s c i r c u m v ol i t a t .
H i n e G r m c i a n i m a m P s y c h e n n om i n a r u n t , v e l 8 t a
T o
a v w 9 s v e , i u Xw 9 s a t ,
q u a s i c oe l i t u s i n s p i r a t a , u t d i t N i c e t a s C h on i a t e s , v e l
a v e r b o
~ u Xp e g ,
q u od
H e s y c h i o, l e v i s e t d e b i l i s e s t .
A n i m a , i n q u i t P ot e t a , p a r l e v i b u s v e n t u s , v ol u c r i q u e s i m i l l i m a
s om n o, q u a n d os c i l i c e t
a c or p or e d i v or t i u m f e c i t
. A d d e n d u m e t J u X7 Iv G r a e c i s a e q u i v oc a t u m e s s e ,
a n i m a m q u e s i g n i f i c a r e e t p a p i l i on e m
: u n d e H e s y c h i u s , 4 u XT 1 a v e u j u
. a x a U Y , w v 4 1 I l 1 ov . '

W h e n A g a m e m n on s a c r i f i c e d a t A u l i s , i n Bc e ot i a , 2
t h e G od s s e n t n of i r e t oc on s u m e t h e

v i c t i m .
T h i s f i r e i s f i g u r e d a s a b r e e z e t ob e s e n t b y t h e G od s t os p e e d t h e s h i p s on t h e i r

i m a g i n a r y v oy a g e , b u t i t i s c a l l e d b y t h e s a m e w or d w h i c h m e a n t t h e s a c r e d f i r e , ou p g
.
"
W h e n e v e r t h e G od s s e n t a w i n d , i t i s c a l l e d Ix p
. e v os O u p g , 3 a n d i t i s w e l l kn ow n t oa l l r e a d e r s

t h a t t h e C r e a t or s p i r i t i s e q u a l l y r e p r e s e n t e d i n h ol y w r i t b y a f i r e or l u m i n ou s g l or y , a n d b y a
" r u s h i n g w i n d .
A u r a , i n L a t i n , m a y b e u s e d f or a b r e e z e , a n d t h e d i v i n e p a r t i c u l a a u r a i n a

m a n i s c a l l e d a v e og or a n i m u s , a n d a n i m a
a v e u p . a ,
s p i r i t u s . 4 U p on t h i s oc c a s i on i t i s s a i d

t h a t t h e ki n g s a c r i f i c e d h i s d a u g h t e r w h i c h p a c i f i e d t h e G od s a n d p r oc u r e d t h e a u g og
. "
C e n t r e d e t ou t e p u i s s a n c e , d e t ou t e i n t e l l i g e n c e , d e t ou t e p e r f e c t i on , D i e u e x i s t oi t a v a n t t oe s
l e s t e m s , a v a n t t ou t e s l e s c h os e s , a v a n t t ou s l e s Qt r e s a n i m u s . In v i s i b l e p a r s on e s s e n c e , s on
i n v i s i b i l i t d f u t l a n u i t p r i m i t i v e , q u i p r d c d d &l e s t e r n s e t l a l u m i e r e . D a n s e l l e , i t p r od u i s i t p a r s a
p u i s s a n c e , c e q u ' i t a v oi t c on c u p a r s on i n t e l l i g e n c e ; c ' e s t p ou r c e l a , q u e l a n u i t f u t a p p e l d e l a
M e r e , l a G d n d r a t r i c e d e t ou t ; 5 D i e u r e n f e r m a , d a n s u n e e u f i m m e n s e , l e s p r i n c i p e s e t l e s g e r m e s
d e t ou t e s l e s c h os e s : d e c e t c e u f , s or t i t u n e t r e q u i p os s e d oi t l e s d e u x s e x e s ; c ' d t oi t l e f i l s , l a
p r e m i e r e p r od u c t i on d e D i e u
: i t s e s e r v i t d e l u i , p ou r s d p a r e r l e s d l d m e n s c on f on d u s d a n s c a h os ,
e t p ou r d d v e l op p e r l e s g e r m s d e s c r e a t u r e s v i v a n t e s . S a v e r t u ou s a p u i s s a n c e s u p r e m e c on f i d e a
s on f i l s , f u s s i t a l a c r e a t i on d u m on d e m a t e r i a l , m a i s p ou r v i v i f i e r l e s g e r m s , i t f a l l u t l e
s ou f f l e ,
1 ' e s p r i t q u i l e s d c h a u f f a .
C e t e s p r i t f u t a p p e l d 1 ' a m ou r
. O r p h d e l u i d on n e l e t i t r e d e w v e u a
e t d e 7 r a v r oy e v e 7 , a
.
E t s u i v a n t H d s i od e , i t f u t c on t e m p or a i r e d u c a h os .
H T oi i u . e v
r r w g T i r a
Xa os
y
c y s T ' , a u r a ? e 7 r e i r a H ' 8 ' E g og .
A u m om e n t oh l e m on d e e n s or t i t , i t n ' e x i s t oi t q u e
D i e u , s a f or c e s u p r e m e , ou s a v e r t u , s a s a g e s s e , ou s on e s p r i t
. C e s d e u x
f t r e s M e t a p h y s i q u e s
p e r s on i f i e s p r od u i s i r e n t l e F i l s , ou 1 ' e t r e G d n d r a t e u r , e t 1 ' A m ou r , p a r l e q u e l i t e n g e n d r a d ' a b or d ,
e t c on s e r v a d a p s l a s u i t e , t ou t e s l e s c r e a t u r e s . '
' V i d e S p on . M i s s . E r a d . A n t .
P .
7 .

s
1 1 . II . v e r . 3 0 3 .
3 F r om w h i c h s e n s e of t h e w or d c om e s Re v s O v p os , w h os e t e m p l e n e a r By z a n t i u m i s m e n t i on e d b y A r r i a n , P e r i p
.
E u x . p
. 1 3 7 ;
a n d s e e t h e i n s c r i p t i on i n C h i s h u l l ,
A n t .
A s s . p . 5 9 .
T h e O u r i a n J ov e p r e s i d e d ov e r t h e c om m a n d of
a r m i e s . J u p i t e r i m p e r a t or q u e m G r a e c i U r i on n om i n a n t , s a i t h T u l l y . In V e r v e m , IV . p . 4 1 0 ,
e d . D e l p h .
4 S e e G e n . i . 2 ; A c t s i i . 2 , 3
; 1
K i n g s
v i i i . 1 1 . T h e p r i e s t s of Rom e w e r e c a l l e d b l ow i n g w i n d s or
F l a m e n . A g r e a t
p oe t s a y s ,
IIv Zr w j z a v E n c c ov p or ,
a n d V i r g i l , t h e t h r i l l i n g s on g t h a t w a ke s t h e d e a d " W i n d , "
a t q u e Ix i on i i v s N T O
r ot a c on s t i t i t a x i s -
f or Id on ot s c r u p l e t h u s t oe x p ou n d t h i s m os t ob s c u r e v e r s e
. T h e Ra b b i n s c a l l t h e H ol y G h os t S e p h y r a h or t h e
Ze p h y r , w h e n t h e y i n t e r p r e t w i s d om , m e a n i n g t h e d i v i n e a f f l a t u s . V i d e T om l i n e ' s E l e m
. T h e ol V ol . II . p . 8 0 .
W i t h
t h e s u b s t a n t i v e
a r e v p c a
a g r e e s t h a t ol d H om e r i c v e r b
a r e a v e v
j A
c i ,
I
a m g i f t e d w i t h kn ow l e d g e , i n f l a t e d or i n s p i r e d .
N i m r od ,
V ol . I . p . 3 0 0 , S u p . E d .

O r p h . H y m n II. v . 3 , N v f y e v e c i r , Ir a r r a ' . 6 T h d og . v . 1 1 6
.
7
D ' A n c a r v i l l e , Re s V ol
. I . p . 1 4 7 .
BookIX. C h a p t e r IV . S e c t i on 2

5 0 5
C H A P T E RIV
A m a z on s . G e n e s i s - A m a z on s , M e a n i n g a n d H i s t or y of - In v a s i on of A t h e n s b y
t h e m - A m a z on s i n t h e t i m e of A l e x a n d e r , a n d n ow i n In d i a - O b s e r v a t i on s on
t h e Ra n g a n d t h e Bu l l - Re l i g i ou s W a r s a n d s u c c e e d i n g P e a c e - L e t t e r s ke p t
s e c r e t - C h r on ol og y .
1 . W E w i l l n ow i n q u i r e i n t ot h e or i g i n of t h e A m a z on s
. A m on g t h e a n c i e n t s , m a n y p e r s on s
t h ou g h t t h a t t h e b ookof G e n e s i s m e a n t t od e s c r i b e t h e m a n a n d w om a n a s a t f i r s t c r e a t e d , t oh a v e
b e e n on e
a n d a n a n d r og y n ou s b e i n g .
It i s t h e r e s a i d t h a t G od c r e a t e d m a n i n h i s ow n i m a g e , a n d ,
P RIO RT O T H E C RE A T IO N O F W O M A N ,
c r e a t e d h e h i n t , m a l e a n d f e m a l e c r e a t e d h e t h e m . M a n y
p e r s on s f or m e r l y b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e f i r s t m a n a n d w om a n w e r e u n i t e d i n on e b od y .
M r
. F a b e r ob s e r v e s t h a t t h i s c on s t r u c t i on p u t u p on t h e p a s s a g e
a
G od c r e a t e d m a n i n h i s ow n
" i m a g e , i n t h e i m a g e of G od c r e a t e d h e
H i m , m a l e a n d f e m a l e c r e a t e d h e T H E M , " w a s a d op t e d b y
s om e of t h e m os t l e a r n e d Ra b b i s , w h os e n a m e s h e g i v e s a t f u l l l e n g t h ,
w h om a i n t a i n e d t h a t t h e
w or d r e n d e r e d r i b m e a n s s i d e . '
T h i s w e s h a l l f i n d h a s a n e v i d e n t t e n d e n c y t op r ov e t h a t t h e
m y t h os ( a s D r
. G e d d e s c a l l s i t )of M os e s , i s i n r e a l i t y t h e s a m e a s t h e m y t h os of t h e H i n d oos
.
T h e t e x t s a y s m a n w a s f or m e d a f t e r t h e i m a g e of G od
; b u t G od h i m s e l f w a s b e l i e v e d t ob e a n d r o-
g y n ou s
. T h e t e x t of G e n e s i s ( i i . 2 1 )i s
v n v 5 s oi r
w h i c h m e a n s e i t h e r , on e f r om h i s s i d e s
or on e
f r om h i s
r i b s ;
b u t t h e l a t t e r i s i n c on s i s t e n t w i t h t h e c on t e x t , w h i c h s a y s i n t h e 2 3 d v e r s e , t h a t
t h e w om a n w a s m a d e n ot on l y f r om t h e b on e s ,
b u t f r om t h e f l e s h of t h e m a n .
s
T h e d ou b l e b e i n g ,
ou t of w h i c h i t i s s a i d G od f or m e d , t h e m a n a n d t h e w om a n , i s n ot h i n g b u t t h e A m a z on of t h e
a n c i e n t s
; a n d t h e A m a z on i s n ot h i n g b u t a V e n u s H e r m a p h r od i t e - t h e
s a m e a s t h a t d e s c r i b e d i n
p l a t e 3 1 , f i g u r e 8 , of t h e S u p p l e m e n t t oM on t f a u c on ' s
. 4 n t i q u i t y E x p l a i n e d . T h e y a p p e a r t ob e
b ot h t h e s a m e i n on e r e s p e c t , b e i n g b ot h on e h a l f
m a l e , t h e ot h e r h a l f f e m a l e . T h e Is i s s i t t i n g on
t h e l ot u s , w i t h t h e s ol a r g l or y , i s a n ot h e r e x a m p l e of t h i s ki n d of d ou b l e b e i n g ,
d i v i d e d i n v a r i ou s
w a y s - s om e t i m e s c r os s w a y s ,
a n d s om e t i m e s l e n g t h w a y s , a s s h e w n i n M on t f a u c on .
S p e a ki n g of
t h e w or s h i p of A r t e m i s , b y t h e A m a z on s , C r e u z e r s a y s , O n 1 ' a d or a i t d a n s l e r oy a u m e d e P on t ,
a v e c 1 ' d p i t h e t e s i g n i f i c a t i v e d e
P r i a p i n a .
2
. T h e w or d A m a z on i s c om p os e d of t w ov e r y a n c i e n t w or d s
. T h e f i r s t i s A m a or M a , w h i c h ,
i n ol d l a n g u a g e s , m e a n s M ot h e r .
It s u b i q u i t y p r ov e s i t s e x t r e m e a n t i q u i t y . T h e s e c on d i s a n
a n c i e n t n a m e of t h e S u n , w h i c h w a s c a l l e d Zon , Za n , Za on , a n d Zoa n . T h e S u a n e s a n d S oa n e s ,
of C ol c b i s , w e r e s om e t i m e s c a l l e d Za n i , Za i n a i , Za n i t i e , a n d a l s oS a n i t e e .
T h e r e w a s a c i t y on t h e
T h r a c i a n c oa s t c a l l e d Zon a , t ow h i c h t h e t r e e s of P i e r i a a r e s a i d t oh a v e c om e
a n d r a n g e d t h e m -
s e l v e s i n or d e r t ot h e m u s i c of O r p h e u s ' s h a r p
.
3
H e l i op ol i s , of E g y p t , or O n , w a s a l s oc a l l e d
P a g a n Id ol
. V ol . III
. P . 7 1
.
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T h e i d e a of
t h e l e a r n e d J e w s a n d ot h e r s a l l u d e d t o b y M r . F a b e r , d oe s n ot s e e m s o a b s u r d t o u s ,
s i n c e w e h a v e
s e e n t h e S i a m e s e
Boy s . A n d i f i t b e s a i d t h a t h a d t h e y b e e n m a l e a n d f e m a l e t h e y c ou l d n ot h a v e i n c r e a s e d t h e b r e e d ,
t h e a n s w e r i s
v e r y s h or t - h a d t h e l i g a t u r e w h i c h b ou n d t h e m t og e t h e r b e e n a f e w i n c h e s l on g e r ,
t h e y c ou l d h a v e d on e
i t
. T h e r e h a v e b e e n m a n y i n s t a n c e s of d ou b l e p e r s on s . A d ou b l e l a d y , t h e d a u g h t e r
of F u l k d e P a g a n e l , f or m e r l y
l i v e d , a n d l e f t a l a r g e p r op e r t y t ot h e t ow n of N e w p or t P a g n e l , w h i c h i t n ow h ol d s f r om h e r
. V i d e h e r m on u m e n t i n
t h e c e n t r e a i s l e of t h e c h u r c h .
3 A r g on a u t . L i b . i . v e r . 2 9 ; M e l a , L i b . i i . C a p .
i i i . p
. 1 4 0 ;
H e r od . L i b . v i i . C a p . l i x . ;
Br y a n t , A n a l . V ol . III .
p . 4 7 6 .
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In v a s i on of A t h e n s b y t h e A m a z on s
Zoa n ,
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F on s S ol i s , a n d Ba l b e c , a n d Ba h a l b e t h . t T a p b n e s w a s p r ob a b l y
T a p h - h a n e s . Ba h a l - b e t h a n d Ba l b e c m e a n Ba l b i t , h ou s e of t h e S u n or Ba l .
T h e r e w a s a c i t y i n A f r i c a c a l l e d Zon a t a ke n b y t h e Rom a n g e n e r a l S e s t i u s ; a l s oa c i t y of
Zon a of t h e A m a z on s i n C a p p a d oc i a , 2 or A r m e n i a , &c . T h e r e w a s a t e m p l e i n T h r a c e c a l l e d
Y a ov .
T h e f ol l ow i n g f a c t s a r e e x t r a c t e d f r om a l on g p a s s a g e of M r
. Br y a n t ' s A n a l y s i s . 3 T h e
m os t c on s i d e r a b l e b od y t h a t w e n t u n d e r t h e n a m e of A m a z on s , s e t t l e d u p on t h e A t l a n t i c i n
A f r i c a , a t t h e e x t r e m e v e r g e of t h a t r e g i on
. O f t h e i r e x p l oi t s a l on g a c c ou n t i s g i v e n i n t h e h i s t or y
of M y r i n a . 4
S h e i s s u p p os e d t oh a v e l i v e d i n t h e t i m e of O r u s , t h e s on of Is i s , a n d t oh a v e
c on q u e r e d A f r i c a a n d t h e g r e a t e r p a r t of A s i a :
b u t w a s a t l a s t s l a i n i n T h r a c e . A m a z on s w e r e
a l s of ou n d i n m ou n t C a u c a s u s , i n A l b a n i a , a n d n e a r t h e P a l u s M a e ot i s . P ol y e e n u s s p e a ks of A m a -
z on s i n In d i a :
a n d t h e y a r e a l s om e n t i on e d b y N on n u s . T h e y l i ke w i s e oc c u r i n E t h i op i a
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T h e y
a t on e t i m e p os s e s s e d a l l Ion i a : a n d t h e r e w e r e t r a d i t i on s of t h e i r b e i n g a t S a m os , a n d i n It a l y .
A a i~, ov e s
u 7 r s s g e , ' a v a t h i g
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. 5 T h e r e w a s a t ow n i n M e s s a p i a , t ow a r d s t h e l ow e r
p a r t of It a l y , n a m e d A m a z on i a
.
a
E v e n t h e A t h e n i a n s a n d Ba e ot i a n s w e r e of t h e s a m e f a m i l y
h e n c e i t i s s a i d t h a t C a d m u s h a d a n A m a z on i a n w i f e , w h e n h e w e n t t oT h e b e s , a n d t h a t h e r n a m e
w a s S p h i n x :
K a a p &og
e Xw v
y u v a i x a A l u . a , ' ov : Ba , ' ov op a ~ 4 r y Z, n O e v r i g h a g . 7
H e w e n t
f i r s t t oA t t i c a .
T h e r e a d e r w i l l n ot f or g e t t h a t t h e S p h i n x w a s h a l f L i on , ( n ot L i on e s s , )a n d h a l f
w om a n .
T h e r e w e r e a l s oA m a z on i a n C ol c h i a n s , w h ow e r e n ot i c e d a s b e i n g p e c u l i a r l y b l a c k . T h e
Ib e r i a n s , t h e C i m m e r i a n s , t h e M a e ot i e , t h e A t l a n t i a n s of M a u r i t a n i a , a n d a l l t h e Ion i a n s , w e r e
A m a z on i a n s - a n d w e r e c a l l e d A z on e s , A m a z on e s , a n d A l a z on e s . T h e y w e r e a l s oc a l l e d S y r i ,
A s s y r i i , C h a l d i e i , M a u r i , C h a l y b e s . T h e y a r e s a i d t oh a v e f ou n d e d t h e c i t i e s of E p h e s u s , S m y r n a ,
C u m a , M y r i n a L a t or e a , A n s e a , E l d s e a , M y r l a e a , P a p h os , C u n a , b e s i d e s m a n y ot h e r s
. L u c i a n , i n
h i s d i a l og u e b e t w e e n V u l c a n a n d J u p i t e r , c a l l s M i n e r v a a n A m a z on .
Ib e l i e v e , w i t h M r . F a b e r ,
s
t h a t t h e s t a t u e s of A m a z on s , s a i d t oh a v e b e e n w or s h i p e d a t m os t
of t h e p l a c e s n a m e d a b ov e , w e r e s t a t u e s of t h e d ou b l e G od , or of t h e f i r s t m a n of G e n e s i s , m a d e
a f t e r t h e i m a g e of G od .
T h e y a r e r e p r e s e n t e d t ou s , b y t h e G r e e kw r i t e r s , a s a m os t t u r b u l e n t a n d w a r l i ke r a c e
.
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s a y s , t h e i r s h i e l d w a s i n t h e f or m of t h e l e a f of t h e In d i a n - f i g - t r e e : a n d on i t t h e y c a r r i e d
a
l u n e t t e . T h i s , It h i n k, w a s t h e A r g h a or b oa t of In d i a , w h i c h m u s t h a v e b e e n l i ke a l u n e t t e .
M on u m e n t s w e r e s h e w n i n v a r i ou s p l a c e s w h e r e t h e y a r e s a i d t oh a v e h a d b a t t l e s , a n d b e e n ki l l e d
;
a s a t M e g a r a , C h a e r on e a , S c ot u s s w a , C u n os c e p h a l e , a l s oi n Ion i a a n d M a u r i t a n i a , a n d e v e n
w i t h i n
t h e w a l l s of A t h e n s .
3
. A v e r y c e l e b r a t e d a n d m a r ke d i n v a s i on of A t t i c a b y t h e m i s r e c or d e d . T h e A t h e n i a n s
s p e w e d t h e p l a c e w h e r e , i n t h i s i n v a s i on , t h e b a t t l e w a s f ou g h t , - a s u b s e q u e n t t r u c e m a d e , a n d a
s t on e p i l l a r e r e c t e d t or e c or d i t , c a l l e d A m a z on e u m . T h e c om m a n d e r of t h e A m a z on s i s s t a t e d t o
h a v e b e e n a f or e i g n e r f r om E g y p t , a T h r a c i a n a n d a n A t h e n i a n , w h os e n a m e w a s E u m ol p h u s
.
S a c r i f i c e s w e r e of f e r e d b y t h e A t h e n i a n s t ot h e i r M a n e s ; a n d a t e m p l e i n A t h e n s w a s s a i d t oh a v e
b e e n b u i l t b y t h e m
. T h e p l a c e w h e r e t h e t r u c e w a s m a d e w a s c a l l e d ` O g x w [u . or u ov , H or c om o-
s i u m . H e r e w e h a v e a n e x c e l l e n t e x a m p l e of G r e c i a n h i s t or y . H e r e a r e a l l t h e p a r t i c u l a r s of t h e
w a r - m on u m e n t s t ot h os e s l a i n i n b a t t l e
; p l a c e s d e r i v i n g t h e i r n a m e s f r om t h e e v e n t s of t h e w a r ;
t e m p l e s e r e c t e d - t r e a t i e s of p e a c e e x h i b i t e d . A n d y e t , t a ke n l i t e r a l l y , e v e r y w or d i s f a l s e : f or
n oon e c a n b e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e e v e r w a s a n A m a z on i a n a r m y of w om e n w i t h on e b r e a s t . T h i s
I Ra l e i g h ' s H i s t
. Booki . C h . i i i .

4
A n t on i n u s , p . 1 8 2 .

3 V ol . III . p p . 4 6 1 , 4 6 2 .
4 D i od . S i c . L i b . i i i . p . 1 8 8 , a n d p
. 1 8 5 .
a
S c h ol . i n L y c op h . v e r . 1 3 3 2 , a l s ov e r . 9 9 5 .
6
S t e p h . By s a n t .

7 P a l a e p h a t u s , p . 2 6
.

8 V ol . III. P . 8 0
.
BookIX
. C h a p t e r IV
. S e c t i on 3

. 5 0 7
s e r v e s t os h e w b ow a l l G r e c i a n e a r l y h i s t or y ou g h t t ob e e s t i m a t e d
. It i s a l l m y t h ol og i c a l .
I
c a n n ot h e l p h e r e ob s e r v i n g , t h a t w e h a v e n os a c r e d H IS T O RIC A L
r e c or d b e t t e r a u t h e n t i c a t e d t h a n
t h i s a t A t h e n s , a n d n ot on e of t h e s a m e d a t e b e a r i n g , i n i t s l i t e r a l s e n s e , m or e t h e c h a r a c t e r of
r e a l h i s t or y .
T h e c on f u s i on of t h e h i s t or y of t h e A m a z on s h a s h i t h e r t os e t a l l t h e or y a t d e f i a n c e
. Bu t I
t h i n ka l i t t l e c on s i d e r a t i on of w h a t w e h a v e s a i d r e s p e c t i n g t h e d i v i s i on s a n d w a r s b e t w e e n t h e
r i v a l s e c t s of t h e Br a h m e - M a i a i n c on j u n c t i on , t h e Y on i a l on e , t h e L i n g a a l on e , a n d a t l a s t t h e
r e u n i on of t h e t h r e e , w i l l e n a b l e u s t oa c c ou n t f or i t a l l . T h e w a r s of t h e A m a z on s w e r e t h os e
b e t w e e n t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e m a l e a n d t h e - f e m a l e
p r i n c i p l e s , a n d t h e i r a l t e r n a t e s u c c e s s e s .
T h e
t r u c e w i t h t h e A t h e n i a n s , i s a m os t i m p or t a n t c i r c u m s t a n c e
; f or , a f t e r i t i s s a i d t oh a v e t a ke n
p l a c e , t h e y w e r e h e a r d of n om or e . '
T h e r e u n i on of t h e t w os e c t s t ookp l a c e a t t h e t i m e d e
s c r i b e d i n t h i s t r u c e : t h i s i s t h e f i g u r a t i v e m od e of d e s c r i b i n g t h e r e u n i on of t h e r e l i g i on s .
T h e A m a z on s a r e s a i d t oh a v e b u r n t t h e t e m p l e of E p h e s u s , w h i c h t h e y e r e c t e d t h e m s e l v e s
; 2
a n d w h i c h w a s t h e c h i e f s e a t of t h e A m a z on i a n Ion i m . 3
M r
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3
a c kn ow l e d g e s t h a t h e
kn ow s n ot h ow t oa c c ou n t f or t h i s , b e c a u s e h e i s s a t i s f i e d t h a t t h e A m a z on i a n s a n d Ion i a n s w e r e
t h e s a m e .
T h e d i f f i c u l t y i s e a s i l y e x p l a i n e d
. T h e f i r s t f ou n d e r s w e r e w or s h i p e r s of t h e d ou b l e
p r i n c i p l e , t h e Br a h m e - M a i a ; t h e i r s u c c e s s or s f e l l i n t ot h e Y on i a n h e r e s y , a n d w e r e c on q u e r e d b y
p e op l e of t h e or i g i n a l r e l i g i on , w h e n i t b e c a m e r e s t or e d , a c c or d i n g t ot h e a c c ou n t s i n t h e H i n d oo
h i s t or i e s , a s i t w a s a t l a s t a l m os t e v e r y w h e r e , e i t h e r b y t r u c e , a s a t A t h e n s , or b y f or c e . Bu t a t
E p h e s u s , t h ou g h t h e y b u r n t t h e t e m p l e , t h e f e m a l e , i n D i a n a , s e e m s t oh a v e r e c ov e r e d i t s p ow e r .
A t f i r s t w e f i n d t h e m f ou n d i n g c i t i e s a n d s e t t l i n g c ou n t r i e s
; h e r e w a s t h e a c t of t h e p e r s on s
h ol d i n g t h e d ou b l e p r i n c i p l e
; a f t e r w a r d w e f i n d t h e m m a ki n g w a r on t h e c i t i e s a n d c ou n t r i e s w h i c h
t h e y h a d f or m e r l y f ou n d e d . T h i s w a s w h e n t h e s e p l a c e s h a d g on e i n t ot h e a d or a t i on of t h e Y on i
a l on e , or i n ot h e r c a s e s of t h e L i n g a a l on e ; f or t h e A m a - Zon m u s t h a v e b e e n a t e q u a l e n m i t y
w i t h t h e t w ot a ke n s e p a r a t e l y ; a n d a t l a s t w h e n t h e t w or e u n i t e d t h e y a l l m e r g e d i n t ot h e d ou b l e
w or s h i p : a n d t h e A m a z on s , a s d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r om t h e ot h e r s , a r e h e a r d of n om or e ;
s ot h a t , a s
L y s i a s s a y s , t h e i r n a m e b e c a m e e x t i n c t , - a t l e a s t i n G r e e c e , or t h e W e s t e r n w or l d . Bu t t ot h e
g e n e r a l p a c i f i c a t i on , t h e P e r s i a n s a n d J e w s f or m e d a n e x c e p t i on :
i n c on s e q u e n c e , w e f i n d C a m -
b y s e s r e s t or i n g t h e t e m p l e of t h e m a l e p r i n c i p l e a t J e r u s a l e m , d e s t r oy i n g t h e t e m p l e s , a n d , w h e r e
h e c ou l d , t h e s p h i n x e s , b u t l e a v i n g t h e ob e l i s ks , t h e e m b l e m s of t h e L i n g a , u n t ou c h e d i n E g y p t ,
w h e r e s om e , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t h a t a t H e l i op ol i s , t h e f i n e s t of t h e m , r e m a i n . Ic on s i d e r t h e f a c t of
t h e ob e l i s ks - t h e L i n g a s - b e i n g l e f t b y t h e P e r s i a n s w h e n t h e t e m p l e s w e r e d e s t r oy e d , a s v e r y
i m p or t a n t .
W h y w e r e t h e y l e f t ? T h e y w e r e m u c h m or e e a s y t oov e r t h r ow t h a n t h e t e m p l e s ;
a n d t h e y a r e m os t of t h e m c ov e r e d w i t h h i e r og l y p h i c s of G od s a n d G od d e s s e s
. T h ou g h t h e
t e m p l e s a n d t h e i r i d ol s w e r e od i ou s t ot h e i c on oc l a s t s , t h e f i g u r e s of i d ol s on t h e
s a c r e d ob e l i s ks ,
w h i c h w e r e u s e d on l y a s l e t t e r s ,
w e r e s p a r e d , f or t h e s a ke of t h e p i l l a r , t h e L i n g a , on w h i c h t h e y
w e r e e n g r a v e d .
S om e t h i n g s i m i l a r t ot h e s t or y t ol d of t h e r a c e of A m a z on s h a s b e e n f ou n d i n In d i a , a m on g t h e
n a t i v e s of M a l a b a r , i n a t r i b e c a l l e d N a i r s
. A g ov e r n m e n t a c t u a l l y e x i s t s t h e r e , i n w h i c h t h e
w om e n ,
n ot t h e
m e n , b e a r r u l e . Bu t a l t h ou g h t h i s i s s i n g u l a r e n ou g h , t h e r e i s n ot i n t h e i r t r a d i -
t i on s t h e l e a s t a p p e a r a n c e of t h e b r e a s t h a v i n g e v e r b e e n a m p u t a t e d
. T h e y s e e m t oh a v e b e e n i n
' L y s i a s , F u n e b . O r a t . T ot s K op i v O & v B" O o ; s . Br y a n t , A n a l . V ol . III . p p . 4 7 8 , 4 8 0 .
s
E u s e b . C h r on . p . 3 5 ;
S y n c e l l u s , p . 1 7 8 .

3
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. 8 2 7
; a l s oP a u s a n i a s , L i b . i v . p . 3 5 7 .
'
A n a l . V ol . III . p . 4 7 5 .
5 0 8

A m a z on s i n t h e T i m e of A l e x a n d e r , a n d N ow i n In d i a
e x i s t e n c e i n t h e t i m e of A l e x a n d e r t h e G r e a t
. T h e a c c ou n t of t h e m m a y b e s e e n i n t h e f i f t h
v ol u m e of t h e A s i a t i c Re s e a r c h e s
. N i m r od ' h a s s om e c u r i ou s ob s e r v a t i on s r e s p e c t i n g t h e m
.
4
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s om e t h i n g l i ke r a t i on a l h i s t or y
.
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2 "
S om e a g e s a f t e r , i n t h e t i m e of A l e x a n d e r , a n
" i n t e r v i e w 3 i s m e n t i on e d t oh a v e p a s s e d , w h e r e i n t h e Qu e e n of t h e A m a z on s m a ke s p r op os a l s t o
" t h a t m on a r c h a b ou t s h a r i n g f or a n i g h t or t w oh i s b e d
: a n d e v e n , i n t h e t i m e of P om p e i u s M a g -
" n u s , d u r i n g t h e M i t h r i d a t i c w a r , t h e y a r e s u p p os e d t oe x i s t
; f or , a f t e r a v i c t or y g a i n e d b y t h a t
"
g e n e r a l , t h e Rom a n s ol d i e r s a r e s a i d t oh a v e f ou n d m a n y b oot s a n d b u s ki n s , w h i c h D i on C a s s i u s
~ ~ ( i n h e l l oM i t h r i d a t i c o)t h i n ks w e r e u n d ou b t e d l y A m a z on i a n
. " W h e n Ic on s i d e r t h e u n q u e s -
t i on a b l e f a c t , t h a t t h e r e i s n ow a p ow e r f u l a n d c i v i l i z e d t r i b e i n In d i a w h e r e t h e w om e n a r e t h e
g ov e r n or s a n d c h oos e t h e m e n t h e y l i ke , a n d w h e r e t h e m e n a r e h e l d i n s u b j e c t i on , Ic a n n ot h e l p
t h i n ki n g t h e s t or y r e l a t i n g t oA l e x a n d e r p r ob a b l e .
Is u s p e c t t h a t t h e y h a v e h a d t h e i r or i g i n f r om
t h e e x t r e m e s t ow h i c h d e v ot e e s h a v e r u n i n t h e t i m e s of t h e f i e r c e c on t e n t i on s w h i c h a r os e b e t w e e n
t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e m a l e a n d f e m a l e , t h e L i n g a a n d Ion i
. It i s d i f f i c u l t t od ou b t t h e s t or y r e s p e c t -
i n g A l e x a n d e r
; a n d t h e f a c t of t h e e x i s t e n c e of t h e p r e s e n t N a i r s , v e r y n e a r t oor i n t h e c ou n t r y
w h e r e h e m a r c h e d , c a n n ot b e d ou b t e d .
W h e n Ic on s i d e r t h e e x c e s s e s t ow h i c h p a r t y a n d r e l i -
g i ou s z e a l , a b ou t t h e m os t c on t e m p t i b l e n on s e n s e , w i l l of t e n c a r r y p e op l e , Ic a n b e l i e v e i t p os s i b l e
t h a t s om e f r a n t i c w om e n m a y h a v e c u t of f t h e i r ow n or t h e i r c h i l d r e n ' s b r e a s t s , w h i c h m a y h a v e
b e e n e x a g g e r a t e d a n d a p p l i e d t oa l l t h e . a r m i e s of t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e
f e m a l e
s e c t , w h om a y h e n c e
h a v e b e e n a l l c a l l e d A m a z on s .
P e r h a p s t h e s e a r m i e s of t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e f e m a l e S ol a r p r i n c i -
p l e m a y h a v e b e e n c om m a n d e d b y w om e n l i ke Boa d i c e a , of Br i t a i n , a n d h e n c e t h e f a b l e m a y h a v e
a r i s e n .
H om e r s t a t e s t h e A m a z on s t oh a v e c om e f r om In d i a
. T h e r e i s a n A m a z on w i t h on l y on e
b r e a s t i n t h e c a v e of E l e p h a n t a , i n In d i a . 4
M r . F a b e r s a y s , 5 " T h e A m a z on of t h e E l e p h a n t a
Q p a g od a , a n d of t h e
w on d e r - l ov i n g G r e e kf a b u l i s t s , i s m a n i f e s t l y n oot h e r t h a n t h e c om p ou n d
" H e r m a p h r od i t i c d e i t y , w h o, b y t h e H i n d oos , i s c a l l e d A x d h a n a r i , a n d w h oi s f or m e d b y t h e
" l a t e r a l c on j u n c t i on of S i v a w i t h P a r v a t i .
T h i s m on s t e r , a s d e l i n e a t e d b y t h e m y t h ol og i c a l
~ ~ p a i n t e r s of In d i a , h a s , f r om t h e h e a d t ot h e f e e t , t h e r i g h t s i d e of a m a n a n d t h e l e f t s i d e of a
G 0 w om a n . " " N e a r t h e s t a t u e i n q u e s t i on r e p os e s t h e m y s t e r i ou s Bu l l N a n d i . " O n t h e A m a -
z on of t h i s c a v e , C ol . W i l f or d " s a y s , t h e f i g u r e w i t h on e b r e a s t h a s b e e n t h ou g h t b y m os t t or e -
p r e s e n t a n A m a z on : i t , h ow e v e r , a p p e a r s t om e a r e p r e s e n t a t i on of t h e c on s or t of S i v a , e x h i b i t i n g
t h e a c t i v e p ow e r of h e r L or d ; n ot on l y a s Ba v a n i or c ou r a g e , b u t a s Is a n i ,
or t h e G od d e s s of N a -
t u r e c on s i d e r e d a s m a l e a n d f e m a l e , a n d p r e s i d i n g ov e r g e n e r a t i on
. ' T h e A m a z on i s a l s of ou n d i n
t h e c a v e s a t M a h a - b a l i - p or e .
s
In a l l p a r t s w e r e a d of t h e A m a z on s , b u t g e n e r a l l y c on f ou n d e d
w i t h t h e C y c l op e s .
P e r h a p s t h e C y c l op e s w e r e h u s b a n d s of t h e A m a z on s , t h a t i s , h a d t h e i r w i v e s
i n c om m on . T h i s c u s t om f or m e r l y p r e v a i l e d i n T h r a c e , i n A r a b i a ,
0
a c c or d i n g t oS t r a b o, a n d , a s
w e h a v e j u s t s e e n , y e t p r e v a i l s i n on e p a r t of In d i a , a m on g t h e p e op l e c a l l e d N a i r s
.
In t h e In s t i -
t u t e s of M e n u i t i s w r i t t e n , " H a v i n g d i v i d e d h i s ow n s u b s i s t e n c e , t h e M i g h t y P ow e r b e c a m e h a l f
"
m a l e a n d h a l f f e m a l e . " 1 0 Br a h m a i s s a i d t oh a v e m a n i f e s t e d h i m s e l f i n a h u m a n s h a p e , w h e n
' V ol u m e II . p . 3 2 8 .

s
A n a l . V ol
. III . p . 4 8 4 .
3
C l e i t a r c h t i s a p u d S t r a b on e m , L i b . i i .
P .
7 7 1 ; D i od . S i c . L i b
. x v i i . p
. 5 4 9
; A r r i a n , L i b . v i i . p . 2 9 2 .
4 M a u r i c e , H i n d
. A n t . V ol . II . p . 1 5 2 , e d . 8 v o . 1 8 0 0 .
5 V ol . III . p p . 6 3 , 7 1 ,
8 2 ; A s i a t . Re s . V ol . V I. p . 5 2 3 .

0
A s i a t . Re s . V ol . IV . p . 4 1 4 .
7
F or t h e A m a z on 4 r d h a n a r i i s h t e a r ,
s e e Bom b a y T r a n s a c t i on s ,
V ol . 1 . p . 2 2 0 .

P r i t c h a r d , p . 4 0 5
0
V i d e U n i v . H i s t . V ol . XV III. p . 4 1 3 .

' A s i a t . Re s . V ol . V . p . v i i i , a d v e r t i s e m e n t .
Book IX . C h a p t e r IV . S e c t i on 5

5 0 9
on e h a l f of h i s b od y s p r a n g f r om t h e ot h e r , w h i c h y e t e x p e r i e n c e d n od i m i n u t i on ; a n d ou t of t h e
s e v e r e d m oi e t y h e f r a m e d a w om a n , d e n om i n a t e d Iv a or S a t a r u p a .
A f t e r s om e t i m e t h e ot h e r
h a l f of h i s b od y s p r a n g f r om h i m a n d b e c a m e S w a y a m b h u v a or A d i m a . I
F r om t h e i r e m b r a c e
w e r e b or n t h r e e s on s .
In t h i s w i l d n i y t h os i t i s i m p os s i b l e t ob e b l i n d t ot h e a c c ou n t of t h e c r e a t i on i n t h e s e c on d b ook
of G e n e s i s , a s e x p ou n d e d b y t h e J e w i s h Ra b b i s , i n t h e d ou b l e b e i n g ou t of w h i c h m a n a n d w om a n
w e r e f or m e d .
A t t h e s a m e t i m e Ic on c e i v e i t a b s ol u t e l y i m p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e i t t oh a v e b e e n
s i m p l y a c op y of ou r G e n e s i s , a s w e h a v e i t , u n e x p l a i n e d , b y t h e Ra b b i s . T h i s p r ov e s t h a t t h e
H i n d ooc a n n ot h a v e c op i e d f r om t h e H e b r e w . T h e H e b r e w i s a p a r t of t h e H i n d oo :
t h e H i n d oo
c a n n ot h a v e c op i e d w h a t i s n ot t h e r e , b u t on l y u n d e r s t ood . T h e r e i s n ow a y of g e t t i n g ov e r t h e
d i f f i c u l t y e x c e p t b y s u p p os i n g t h e m od e r n Ra b b i s h a v e l e a r n t
t h e e x p os i t i on f r om t h e H i n d oo .
T h i s i s h a r d l y c r e d i b l e , t h ou g h p os s i b l e .
T h e s a m e d oc t r i n e a s t h a t of t h e J e w s r e s p e c t i n g t h e u n i on of t h e m a l e a n d f e m a l e - of w h om
on e w i t h f ou r h a n d s , f ou r l e g s , t w of a c e s , w a s f or m e d - m a y b e f ou n d i n P l a t o, a s d e t a i l e d b y M r .
F a b e r . 2
T h i s s u b j e c t a f f or d s a d i r e c t p r oof t h a t t h e t r u e e s ot e r i c r e l i g i on s of H om e r , t h e H i n d oos , a n d
t h e J e w s , w e r e a l l t h e s a m e
. It i s i m p os s i b l e t ob e l i e v e t h a t t h e c oi n c i d e n c e of a l l t h r e e c ou l d b e
t h e e f f e c t of a c c i d e n t i n a n i d e a or d oc t r i n e ou t w a r d l y s oa b s u r d a s t h e A m a z on , a n d t h e m a n a n d
w om a n c on j oi n e d i n on e b od y .
T h e n od e i n w h i c h t h e l e a r n e d Ra b b i s , e n u m e r a t e d b y M r . F a b e r ,
t r e a t t h e s u b j e c t , s h e w s , t h a t t h ou g h t h e y kn e w v e r y w e l l t h e r e w a s
a s e c r e t m e a n i n g , y e t t h e y
d i d n ot u n d e r s t a n d i t
. Ion c e m or e w a r n m y r e a d e r t or e c ol l e c t , t h a t Ic a n n ot b e e x p e c t e d t oa c -
c ou n t f or A L L
t h e f ool e r i e s w h i c h t h e c u n n i n g of p r i e s t s , a n d t h e f a n a t i c i s m of d e v ot e e s , i n l on g
p e r i od s of t i m e - s e v e r a l t h ou s a n d y e a r s - h a v e e n g r a f t e d i n t ot h e a n c i e n t d oc t r i n e s , w h i c h , w i t h ou t
t h e s e a s s i s t a n c e s , w ou l d v a r y f r om t h e or i g i n a l , i n c on s e q u e n c e of t h e l a w of c h a n g e a l on e a l w a y s
a c t i n g .
T h e s a c r i f i c e of M e l c h i z e d e ki s a n e x a m p l e , s ob e a u t i f u l i n i t s p r i m e v a l
s i m p l i c i t y , ( a d -
m i t t e d b y t h e Rom a n C h u r c h t ob e t h e or i g i n of t h e i r M a s s , )a n d s oh or r i b l e i n t h e
b od y a n d b l ood
v e r i l y a n d i n d e e d t a ke n , i n t ow h i c h , i n m od e r n t i m e s , i t h a s g r ow n
.
5
. W h e n Is a y t h a t M os e s s u b s t i t u t e d t h e Ra m f or t h e Bu l l , i t d oe s n ot n e c e s s a r i l y f ol l ow t h a t
h e d e s i g n e d t om a ke t h e Ra m a n ob j e c t of a d or a t i on or i d ol a t r y
. T oa l l i d ol a t r y h e b a d a n u t t e r
r e p u g n a n c e .
Bu t i t s e e m s c e r t a i n , t h ou g h Ic a n p e r c e i v e n or e a s on f or i t , t h a t w h e r e v e r t h e w or -
s h i p of t h e Y on i p r e v a i l e d , t h e r e w a s a l s oi d ol a t r y .
T h e p r a y e r s t ot h e g od Bu l l , w h i c h m a y b e
s e e n b ot h i n F a b e r a n d Br y a n t , a r e e x p r e s s e d a s b e i n g of f e r e d t oh i m m e r e l y a s t h e e m b l e m of
a
S u p e r i or Be i n g .
If M os e s m e a n t t oke e p h i s f e s t i v a l s i n or d e r , w h e n t h e s i g n s c h a n g e d , h e
m u s t
of c ou r s e p r ov i d e a g a i n s t t h a t c h a n g e .
T h e Ra m n e v e r b e c a m e a n ob j e c t of i d ol a t r y w i t h a n y of
t h e f ol l ow e r s of A b r a h a m , u n t i l t h e Y on i w a s a g a i n j oi n e d t ot h e L i n g a
. T h e c h a n g e of t h e c om -
m e n c e m e n t of t h e y e a r f r om t h e f i r s t of M a y t ot h e f i r s t of A p r i l , f r om T a u r u s t oA r i e s ,
w a s t h e
m os t p r ob a b l e w a y t oa b ol i s h t h e a d or a t i on of t h e f or m e r .
It i s g e n e r a l l y m u c h m or e d i f f i c u l t t o
d e s t r oy a n ol d s u p e r s t i t i on t h a n t op r e v e n t a n e w on e
; a n d t h e n e w f e s t i v a l of t h e Y a j n a or
P a s s -
ov e r , w a s a l t og e t h e r of a v e r y d i f f e r e n t c h a r a c t e r f r om t h e ol d on e of t h e Bu l l
.
T h e v i e w w h i c h It a ke of t h i s s u b j e c t i s s t r i ki n g l y c on f i r m e d b y t h e f a c t , t h a t t h e Be e v e or U r u s
w a s c on s t a n t l y of b ot h s e x e s ;
b u t i n n oi n s t a n c e c a n t h e l e a s t a p p e a r a n c e b e d i s c ov e r e d a m on g
t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e S h e e p , e x c e p t of t h e m a l e ;
f or w h e n t h e S h e e p s u c c e e d e d a m on g t h e A s s y
r i a n s t ot h e Be e v e , A s t a r t e , &c . , h a d t h e h e a d of a r a m , n ot of a n e w e
.
In t h e a d or a t i on of t h e
Be e v e , t h e H e i f e r or C ow i s c on t i n u a l l y f ou n d
; b u t i n t h a t of t h e Ra m or L a m b of G od , n oi n -
1 A s i a t . Re s . V ol . V III . p
. 3 7 6 ; F a b e r , V ol . I . p . 3 1 8
.

2 O r i g . P a g . Id ol . V ol . III
. P .
7
0 .
5 1 0

L e t t e r s K e p t S e c r e t
s t a n c e of a f e m a l e i s , Ib e l i e v e , kn ow n
. In t h e w or s h i p of C r i s t n a , Ia l s ob e l i e v e t h a t n of e m a l e
w i l l b e f ou n d , e x c e p t w h a t e x i s t e d i n t h e p r e v i ou s s y s t e m
. A l l t h e a l l e g or i e s of h i s n i n e G op i e s ,
M i l km a i d s , or M u s e s , t h e r a d i i or r a y s of t h e s u n w i t h w h i c h h e d a n c e d , d on ot a m ou n t t oa n y
t h i n g l i ke t h e f e m a l e p ow e r
; a n d t h i s , i n a s t r i ki n g m a n n e r , c on f i r m s m y i d e a of h i s c l os e c on -
n e x i on w i t h t h e J e w i s h s y s t e m
. T h e J e w s m u s t h a v e e m i g r a t e d , w h e n h i s e n e m i e s a r e s a i d t o
h a v e p r e v a i l e d
; f or t h e a l t e r n a t e s u c c e s s e s of t h e s e c t s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n h i s w a r s w i t h t h e e v i l
d e m on s .
T h e i m a g e of " t h e L a m b of G od , w h i c h t a ke t h a w a y t h e s i n s of t h e w or l d , " n e v e r w a s a n ob j e c t
of a d or a t i on w i t h t h e J e w i s h s e c t a r i e s , t i l l i t w a s a d op t e d b y t h e C h r i s t i a n s , a m on g w h om i t i s y e t
t ob e f ou n d i n t h e t e m p l e of S t
. J oh n L a t e r a n , a n d i n m a n y ot h e r p l a c e s , b ot h Rom i s h a n d P r ot e s -
t a n t , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y a b ou t F l or e n c e , of a l l w h i c h Is h a l l t r e a t h e r e a f t e r
. T h e J e w s w e r e c or -
r e c t l y f ol l ow e r s of t h e G od l a o
a l on e .
T h e Rom i s h C h r i s t i a n s h a v e , a l on g w i t h t h e G od l a o,
a d op t e d t h e Qu e e n of H e a v e n , t h e M ot h e r of G od , t h e Re g i n a C c e l i , a s t h e y c a l l h e r
. T h e y a r e
f ol l ow e r s of t h e d ou b l e p r i n c i p l e , a n d w i t h i t t h e y a d op t t h e a d or a t i on or u s e of i m a g e s
. T h e s e
t w oh a v e a l w a y s g on e t og e t h e r
. T h e P r ot e s t a n t s r e f u s i n g t h e f e m i n i n e p r i n c i p l e , r e f u s e a l s o, a s
u s u a l , t h e u s e of Im a g e s . S u c h i s t h e f a c t . A r e w e t oa t t r i b u t e t h i s t oa c c i d e n t or d e s i g n
? T h e
f e m a l e a n d t h e i m a g e d on ot s e e m t oh a v e a n y n e c e s s a r y c on n e x i on
.
6
. If w e e x a m i n e c a r e f u l l y , w i t h ou t p r e c on c e i v e d s y s t e m or d og m a , i n t ot h e or i g i n of t h e a f f a i r s
of t h e w or l d , Ia p p r e h e n d t h a t w e s h ou l d f i n d p r oof s of t h e i r h a v i n g b e e n i n a n c i e n t e x a c t l y or
v e r y n e a r l y w h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n i n m od e r n t i m e s . T h e r e w e r e g r e a t w a r s a b ou t r e l i g i ou s op i n i on s
of t h e m os t t r i f l i n g a n d u n i m p or t a n t n a t u r e , w h i c h e x t e n d e d t oa l l c ou n t r i e s , a n d l a s t e d m a n y
h u n d r e d s , n a y t h ou s a n d s , of y e a r s . A t l a s t t h e w or l d g r e w t i r e d of t h e s e w a r s , or h a d b e c om e s u f -
f i c i e n t l y e n l i g h t e n e d t os e e t h e i r a b s u r d i t y , a n d f or m a n y h u n d r e d y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t t h e y a p p e a r
t oh a v e s oc om p l e t e l y c e a s e d i n t h e W e s t t h a t i n f a c t t h e r e c ol l e c t i on of t h e m w a s a l m os t l os t .
E u r op e i s n ow f ol l ow i n g t h e s a m e r ou t e
. Re l i g i ou s a n i m os i t y i s e v e r y w h e r e s u b s i d i n g , a n d w e
h a v e r e a s on t ob e l i e v e t h a t t h e w or l d , on t h i s s u b j e c t , w i l l b e a t p e a c e , t h a t i s ,
r e l i g i ou s p e a c e ,
a s i t w a s b e f or e , - v e r i f y i n g S ol om on ' s a d a g e , t h a t G 0 t h e r e i s n ot h i n g n e w u n d e r t h e s u n
. "
In t h e G r e e ka n d Rom a n w r i t e r s w e f i n d a n e x t r a or d i n a r y c on f u s i on of H e l l e n e s , a n d Ion i a n s ,
a n d A r g i v e s , a n d P e l a s g i , &c . , &c . A l l t h i s a r i s e s f r om t h e i r n ot kn ow i n g , t h a t n e a r l y a l l t h e s e
w e r e s e c t a r i a n t e r m s
. If t h e p r e s s d on ot p r e v e n t i t , p os t e r i t y , t w oor t h r e e t h ou s a n d y e a r s h e n c e ,
w i l l b e i n e x a c t l y t h e s a m e s i t u a t i on w i t h r e s p e c t t ou s
. T h e y w i l l f i n d G r e e ks i n T u r ke y , G r e e ks
i n A s i a , G r e e ks i n Ru s s i a , G r e e ks i n Rom e
. T h i s i s l i ke t h e Ion i a n s i n A t h e n s , i n A s i a M i n or ,
a t D od on a , i n E g y p t t e a c h i n g M os e s , a n d i n t h e i s l a n d s of t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n
. T h e y w i l l f i n d
P a p i s t s i n Rom e , i n F r a n c e , i n Ru s s i a , i n S y r i a , i n Ir e l a n d
. T h e y w i l l f i n d P r ot e s t a n t s a l s o,
h a v i n g t h e i r t e m p l e s i n a l l t h e s e p l a c e s
. W h a t , i f t h e y d on ot c a r e f u l l y a t t e n d t ot h e s e c r e t
m e a n i n g a n d h i s t or y of t h e s e t e r m s , w i l l t h e y m a ke of t h e m ?
T h e y w i l l b e l os t a s w e h a v e b e e n
Ic ou l d , i f Iw ou l d , f i l l f i f t y p a g e s i n e l u c i d a t i n g t h i s p a r t of m y s u b j e c t , b u t Iw i s h t od i m i n i s h , n ot
t oe n l a r g e m y b ook .
Ic a n n ot a f f or d t ow a s t e t h e p a p e r
. M y b ooki s n ot t or a i s e m on e y ; a d e a d
l os s i t i s c e r t a i n t ob e
. It i s t o
i n s t r u c t
m y c ou n t r y m e n , n ot t o
a m u s e t h e m . If Iw a n t e d t o
m a ke m on e y Iw ou l d a t t e m p t t ow r i t e s om e p r e t t y , a m u s i n g b u t r e a l l y w or t h l e s s n ov e l s
. T h u s ,
p e r h a p s , Im i g h t n ot on l y m a ke m on e y , b u t b e m a d e a b a r on e t i n t ot h e b a r g a i n
. F or m y r e w a r d
Il ooke l s e w h e r e
. Bu t w h y s h ou l d Is a y w or t h l e s s ?
If t h e n ov e l s a m u s e i d l e p e op l e , a n d ke e p
t h e m ou t of m i s c h i e f , t h e y a r e n ot w or t h l e s s
:
a n d w e a r e m u c h ob l i g e d t ot h e g e n t l e m a n w h oh a s
w r i t t e n t h e m
. Bu t , h a d h e a t t e n d e d a l i t t l e m or e t ot h e i n s t r u c t i on of h i s c ou n t r y m e n , w i t h ou t
m a ki n g h i s w or ks l e s s a m u s i n g h e m i g h t h a v e m a d e t h e m m or e u s e f u l
; a n d , i l l t h e e y e s of t h e
g r e a t a n d g ood of f u t u r e a g e s , h e w ou l d h a v e oc c u p i e d a h i g h e r p l a c e
.
7 .
W h e n Ih a d a d v a n c e d t h u s f a r i n m y w or ka n op i n i on b e g a n t og a i n s t r e n g t h w i t h m e , t h a t
BookIX
. C h a p t e r IV
. S e c t i on 8
5 1 1
t h e r e a s on w h y a l l t h e s e a n c i e n t s u p e r s t i t i on s w e r e n ot u n d e r s t ood b y t h e n a t i on s a f t e r a b ou t t h e t i m e
of t h e T r oj a n w a r , a r os e f r om t h e u s e of l e t t e r s e i t h e r n ot h a v i n g b e e n kn ow n or h a v i n g b e e n ke p t
a s a m a s on i c s e c r e t a m on g a c l a s s of i n i t i a t e d p e r s on s , a n d t h a t t h e h i s t or i e s , s u c h a s t h e y w e r e , i n
r e a l i t y w e r e m e r e t r a d i t i on s . It h i n ke v e r y s t e p w e t a ke w e s h a l l f i n d n e w r e a s on t ob e l i e v e t h i s
t ob e t r u e . It e x a c t l y a c c or d s w i t h t h e h i s t or y of t h e In d i a n V e d a s
. W e h a v e f ou n d i n t h e m
p r oof s t h a t t h e In d i a n s h a d t h e m y t h os of t h e J e w s , b u t i t i s v e r y e v i d e n t t h a t i t i s w i t h t h e m
m i x e d u p w i t h a g r e a t m a s s of n on s e n s e , f r om w h i c h t h e M os a i c J u d a e a n m y t h os i s f r e e . It
a p p e a r s t h a t i n a l l n a t i on s r e l i g i on s h a v e a d v a n c e d i n c om p l i c a t i on a l on g w i t h t i m e . N ow , i s i t
n ot p os s i b l e t h a t t h e a r t of w r i t i n g m a y h a v e b e e n kn ow n t ot h e C h a l d e a n s on l y , a n d t h a t A b r a h a m
m a y h a v e b r ou g h t i t w i t h h i m , a n d a l on g w i t h i t t h e h i s t or i c a l p a r t of G e n e s i s , &c . ; t h a t a f t e r h i s
t r i b e l e f t In d i a t h e m y t h os w a s n ot c om m i t t e d t ow r i t i n g or c om m u n i c a t e d t ot h e p e op l e t h e r e , t i l l
i t b e c a m e m u c h m or e c or r u p t e d or c om p l i c a t e d t h a n t h a t of t h e l u d i ; a n d i s n ot t h i s e n ou g h t o
a c c ou n t f or t h e d i f f e r e n c e of t h e s t y l e of t h e t w oi C e r t a i n l y t h e s t y l e of t h e J u d a e a n m y t h os b e -
s p e a ks s u p e r i or a n t i q u i t y ; a n d i f w i t h t h e In d i a n s t h e p e c u l i a r d og m a of t h e l u d i d i d n ot p r e v a i l ,
v i z . t h a t n ot a n i ot a s h ou l d b e c h a n g e d , w e m a y r e a d i l y a c c ou n t f or t h e s i m p l i c i t y of t h e on e , a n d
t h e c om p l i c a t i on of t h e ot h e r . T h e J u d a e a n s w e r e l a t t e r l y b ot h f ol l ow e r s of t h e m a l e a n d Ic on o-
c l a s t s , a n d t h i s m a y f u r n i s h a r e a s on f or t h e i r s u p e r i or i t y . W h e t h e r t h e y c or r u p t e d t h e i r s a c r e d
b ooks w h e n t h e y w e r e i d ol a t e r s , w or s h i p e r s of t h e f e m a l e ,
a n d c a n n i b a l s , a n d a f t e r w a r d r e s t or e d
t h e m t op u r i t y , Ikn ow n ot
. T h a t t h e y w e r e a l l t h r e e , w e l e a r n f r om t h e i r P r op h e t s
. T h e i r c a n -
n i b a l i s m h a s b e e n p r ov e d b y L or d K i n g s b or ou g h , i n h i s f i n e w or kon t h e a n t i q u i t i e s of M e x i c o.
8 . C h r on ol og y . W e w i l l n ow s t op t om a ke a f e w ob s e r v a t i on s on t h i s s u b j e c t ; b u t t h e y w i l l
n ot d e t a i n u s l on g ; t h ou g h i t
h a s
oc c u p i e d t h e p e n s of i n n u m e r a b l e p e r s on s , a n d s e r v e d t ow a s t e
m i l l i on s of r e a m s of p a p e r . T op r e t e n d t of i x t h e d a t e s of t h e e a r l i e r e v e n t s w i t h w h i c h w e a r e
a c q u a i n t e d , e x c e p t i n r e s p e c t t ot h e i r or d e r of s u c c e s s i on , w ou l d b e a s a b s u r d a s t oa d op t a s l i t e r a l
h i s t or i e s t h e p l a g u e s of E g y p t or t h e l a b ou r s of H e r c u l e s . A p r ob a b l e t h e or y , p e r h a p s , m a y b e
f or m e d a s t ot h e i r s u c c e s s i on , b u t t h e r e i s n od a t i n g e v e n t s t oy e a r s t i l l a b ou t t h e t i m e of C y r u s ,
w h e n t h e f a m ou s e c l i p s e of T h a l e s t ookp l a c e . M
. V ol n e y , i n h i s r e s e a r c h e s i n t oa n c i e n t h i s t or y ,
h a s s e t t l e d t h i s q u e s t i on .
Ia p p r e h e n d t h e f i r s t r a c e of p e op l e w i t h w h om w e a r e a c q u a i n t e d , w e kn ow on l y f r om t h e
T a u r i c w or s h i p , t h e Zod i a c a l d i v i s i on i n t o3 6 0 p a r t s , a n d t h e b ookof t h e d e l u g e , w h i c h f i x e s t h e
y e a r t o3 6 0 d a y s
. W e h a v e a n ob s c u r e v i e w of t h i s d oc t r i n e e x i s t i n g a l m os t e v e r y w h e r e ov e r t h e
g l ob e
. It s p r of e s s or s l i v e d a f t e r t h e t i m e t h a t t h e s u n e n t e r e d t h e s i g n of t h e Bu l l a t t h e V e r n a l
E q u i n ox , m or e t h a n 4 5 0 0 y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t
. A f t e r t h e s e p e op l e c a m e t h e A m a z on s a n d C y c l op s ,
w h oi n v e n t e d
a r i t h m e t i c
a n d p e r h a p s l e t t e r s ,
w h ow or s h i p e d u p on t h e t op s of m ou n t a i n s , i n s t on e
c i r c l e s w h i c h t h e y i n v e n t e d , a n d w h i c h t h e y e r e c t e d i n a c c or d a n c e w i t h t h e f i n e c y c l e s w i t h w h i c h
t h os e b u i l d i n g s c l e a r l y p r ov e t h a t t h e i r f a b r i c a t or s w e r e a c q u a i n t e d
. T h e y w e r e t h e r a c e s u p p os e d
b y M . Ba i l l i e t oh a v e b e e n h i g h l y c i v i l i z e d
. T h e s e p e op l e m a y h a v e f l ou r i s h e d f or a t h ou s a n d or
f i f t e e n h u n d r e d y e a r s b e f or e t h e s u n e n t e r e d A r i e s
. T h e y w e r e N e g r oe s . T h e y w e r e Bu d d h i s t s -
b y d e g r e e s a d op t i n g t h e L i n g a a n d Y on i a s e m b l e m s , a n d t h e p r ot e c t i n g C ob r a
. T h e f i r s t b ook
of G e n e s i s , t h e
r a s i t or b ookof w i s d om , i s
p r ob a b l y a w or kof t h e s e p e op l e . It c on t a i n s e n ou g h
t op r ov e t h a t i t s a u t h or s p os s e s s e d g r e a t s c i e n c e , a n d a kn ow l e d g e of t h e n a t u r e of t h e w or l d , a n d
of n a t u r a l p h i l os op h y . O f t h i s , a m om e n t ' s c on s i d e r a t i on of C h a p
. IV . a n d S e c t . XV I . XV II . of
m y C E L T i c D RU ID S ,
w i l l c on v i n c e a n y on e . M
. C u v i e r h a s s e t t l e d t h i s q u e s t i on
. If i n s om e
p a r t s i t b e ob s c u r e or n ot i n t e l l i g i b l e , t h i s m a y b e a t t r i b u t e d t ot h e n u m e r ou s t r a n s l a t i on s of i g n o-
r a n t p e r s on s , t h r ou g h w h i c h w e h a v e i t , a n d i n f a c t t ot h e l a n g u a g e i n w h i c h i t i s c on t a i n e d b e i n g
i n g r e a t p a r t l os t , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e e s ot e r i c m e a n i n g
of w or d s , w h i c h J e w s a n d C h r i s t i a n s i n l a t e
y e a r s h a v e e q u a l l y e n d e a v ou r e d t oke e p ou t of s i g h t
; of t h i s t h e w or d r a s i t i s a n e x a m p l e
.
5 1 2

C y c l op e s
A t t h e l a t t e r p a r t of t h e t i m e w h e n t h e s e C y c l op e s l i v e d , a r os e t h e d i s p u t e s a n d w a r s a b ou t t h e
t w op r i n c i p l e s .
F or a t i m e , t h e A m a z on i a n d oc t r i n e s , or t h e a d or a t i on of t h e f e m a l e p r i n c i p l e ,
s e e m s t oh a v e p r e v a i l e d a m on g t h e m
. T h i s e l u c i d a t e s t h e a c c ou n t t h a t b ot h t h e y a n d t h e A m a -
z on s w e r e t h e b u i l d e r s of A r g os , E p h e s u s , a n d m a n y ot h e r t ow n s
. T h i s i s s u p p or t e d b y t h e
In d i a n h i s t or i e s , f r om w h i c h w e l e a r n t h a t , a b ou t 3 0 0 0 y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t , g r e a t a n d d r e a d f u l c i v i l
w a r s r a g e d e v e r y w h e r e r e s p e c t i n g r e l i g i on , d u r i n g w h i c h , a s h a p p e n e d i n t h e t i m e s s i n c e C h r i s t , t h e
w or l d r a p i d l y s u n ki n t oa s t a t e of i g n or a n c e , a n d t h e f i n e s c i e n c e of t h e m a ke r s of t h e C y c l e s w a s
l os t .
T h i s a c c ou n t s f or m a n y h i t h e r t ou n a c c ou n t a b l e f a c t s or t r a d i t i on s
. F or i n s t a n c e :
E p h e s u s
w a s b u i l t b y A m a z on s , a n d d e s t r oy e d b y t h e m
.
T h e h i s t or i e s s t a t e t h e w a r s t oh a v e b e e n a t -
t e n d e d w i t h a l t e r n a t e s u c c e s s e s - s om e t i m e s on e p a r t y p r e v a i l e d , s om e t i m e s a n ot h e r
.
T h e w a r s
a b ou t t h e
m a l e a n d f e m a l e
p r i n c i p l e s w e r e a c c om p a n i e d b y w a r s a b ou t t h e c h a n g e f r om T a u r u s t o
A r i e s .
M e n s e e m t oh a v e b e e n a s a b s u r d i n a n c i e n t t i m e s , a n d t oh a v e d e s t r oy e d e a c h ot h e r a n d
t h e i r f i n e w or ks , f or d og m a s a s t r i f l i n g a n d c h i l d i s h a s t h os e c on t e n d e d f or b y H om oi u s i a n s a n d
H om oou s i a n s , P a p i s t s a n d P r ot e s t a n t s , i n m od e r n t i m e s
;
p r ov i n g , a s ob s e r v e d b e f or e , t h e t r u t h
of w h a t S ol om on s a i d , t h a t t h e r e w a s
" n ot h i n g n e w u n d e r t h e s u n
. " It i s e v i d e n t t h a t t h e
t h e or y h e r e p r op os e d i s c a p a b l e of b e i n g w or ke d u p i n t oa s y s t e m , a n d m i g h t a f f or d r oom f or m u c h
t a l e n t a n d i n g e n u i t y
.
It i s f ou n d e d on t h e f a c t s w h i c h w e kn ow , a n d t h e m os t r a t i on a l h i s t or i c a l
s t a t e m e n t s w h i c h w e p os s e s s , b u t i t i s a t t h e b e s t b u t a t h e or y , a n d Is e e n ot t h a t t os p e n d m or e
t i m e u p on i t w ou l d b e of a n y u s e
.
It , i n a w or d , c on t a i n s a l l w e kn ow a n d a l l i t i s p r ob a b l e t h a t
w e e v e r s h a l l kn ow .
If m y r e a d e r b e n ot s a t i s f i e d , h e m a y g ot ot h e p r i e s t s , a n d t h e y w i l l g i v e
h i m a n a p p l e of kn ow l e d g e , a n d t e l l h i m t h e y e a r , t h e d a y , t h e h ou r , t h e m i n u t e , a n d t h e s e c on d ,
i n w h i c h t h e w or l d w a s c r e a t e d , A b r a h a m l e f t t h e l a n d of V r - i i , e a c h of t h e p l a g u e s of E g y p t
h a p p e n e d , or E l i j a h w e n t i n a c h a r i ot t oh e a v e n
.
O n c h r on ol og y Is h a l l s a y n om or e , b u t s h a l l
p r oc e e d t ot h e c on s i d e r a t i on of m a n y f a c t s w h i c h a r e e x t r e m e l y i n t e r e s t i n g , a n d w h i c h w i l l s u p p or t
a n d e l u c i d a t e w h a t Ih a v e p r op os e d .
C H A P T E RV
C y c l op e s - C y c l op w a n Bu i l d i n g s - - A l l A n c i e n t H i s t or y F a b l e or IE n i g m a - M u n -
d or e , &c
. - T h e C y c l op e s i n M u n d or e - - - A b u r y a n d S e r p e n t W or s h i p - F r e e -
m a s on s i n M u n d or e
.
A l m u g - F ou r m on t
. T h e T e m p l e of O n g a r
.
1 . T H E
e x p l a n a t i on w h i c h Ih a v e g i v e n of t h e A r g i v e s , t h e H e l l e n e s , t h e Ion i a n s , a n d t h e A m a -
z on s , s e e m s t om e t ob e s a t i s f a c t or y , b u t Ic a n n ot s a y q u i t e a s m u c h of t h e C y c l op e s
; t h ou g h
c e r t a i n l y t h e f a c t of t h e i r b u i l d i n g A r g os , &c
. , s e e m s t oc on n e c t t h e m w i t h t h e Ion i c s u p e r s t i t i on .
Bu t t h i s i s n ot e n ou g h
. T h e c on s i d e r a t i on of t h e p r od i g i ou s n u m b e r of b u i l d i n g s a t t r i b u t e d t o
t h e m , s e e m s t od e m a n d s om e t h i n g m or e .
T h e F r e n c h In s t i t u t e , i n 1 8 0 4 , m a d e ou t t h a t t h e r e
w e r e 1 2 7 t ow n s i n E u r op e , w h i c h h a d a n c i e n t l y b e e n , a t l e a s t i n p a r t , b u i l t i n t h e C y c l op oe a n
s t y l e
. T h e C y c l op e s m u s t h a v e b e e n a s g e n e r a l a s t h e A m a z on s
.
D r . C l a r ke s u p p os e s t h e C y c l op e a n s t y l e t oh a v e b e e n c r a d l e d i n t h e e a v e s of In d i a
. T h e C y -
c l op a e a n G a l l e r y a t T y r i n s i s c u r i ou s on a c c ou n t of t h e l a n c e t
a r c h , w h i c h i s c om m on i n v e r y ol d
b u i l d i n g s , i n In d i a .
BookIX . C h a p t e r V
. S e c t i on 2

5 1 3
In t h e w or ks of t h e l a t e r G r e e ks , t h e C y c l op s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h on l y on e e y e
. Is u p p os e
t h i s a r os e f r om t h e i r a b s ol u t e i g n or a n c e of w h a t t h e y w e r e a n d w h ot h e y w e r e , or i n d e e d of a n y
t h i n g a b ou t t h e m ; a n d , t h e r e b e i n g m e r e l y a t r a d i t i on t h a t s u c h p e r s on s d i d on c e l i v e , t h e G r e e ks
w e r e ob l i g e d t oh a v e r e c ou r s e t oe t y m ol og y , a n d f r om t h e w or d x u x 7 os , i t i s s a i d t h a t t h e y m a d e
r ou n d e y e
or on e e y e . Rou n d e y e i s e a s i l y a c c ou n t e d f or , b u t Id on ot s e e h ow t h e C y c l op s h e n c e
c a m e t ob e s u p p os e d t oh a v e h a v e h a d on l y on e e y e . I W i n kl e m a n , i n h i s
M on u m e n t a ~ 4 n t i q u a
i n e d i t a , ob s e r v e s , t h a t i n t h e e a r l i e s t p e r i od s t h e C y c l op s w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h
t w o n a t u r a l e y e s ,
a n d a t h i r d i n t h e m i d d l e of t h e f or e h e a d
. T h i s s e e m s t oc on n e c t t h e m w i t h J u p i t e r , w h o, b e f or e
t h e T r oj a n w a r , w a s c a l l e d T r i op t ol e m os - T r i l oc h a n :
a n d t h i s a g a i n w i t h t h e H i n d ooG od s , s om e
of w h om a r e d e s c r i b e d i n p i c t u r e s i n t h e c a b i n e t of t h e A s i a t i c S oc i e t y , w i t h
t h r e e e y e s . T h u s
w h e n w e r e a l l y g e t t ot h e b ot t om of t h e G r e e km y t h ol og i e s , w e a l w a y s f i n d ou r s e l v e s i n In d i a
.
T h i s r e m i n d s m e t h a t J u p i t e r a p p e a r e d a t L a c e d a e m on , i n v e r y e a r l y t i m e s , w i t h f ou r h e a d s or
f a c e s - t h u s i d e n t i f y i n g h i m w i t h J a n u s of It a l y a n d Br a h m a of In d i a .
2
. T h e C y c l op m a n b u i l d i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e D r u i d i c a l c i r c l e s of l a r g e s t on e s a n d t u m u l i , w e r e
c om m on i n G r e e c e :
b u t t h e G r e e ks kn e w n ot b y w h om t h e y w e r e f a b r i c a t e d , n or d oe s i t a p p e a r
t h a t t h e y e v e r e n t e r e d i n t oa r a t i on a l i n q u i r y e i t h e r w h e n c e t h e i r f a b r i c a t or s c a m e , or w h ot h e y
w e r e .
T h e i g n or a n c e of t h e G r e e ks Ib e l i e v e a r os e f r om t h e b u i l d i n g s h a v i n g b e e n c on s t r u c t e d
l on g p r e v i ou s t ot h e kn ow l e d g e of l e t t e r s , u n l e s s t h e u s e of l e t t e r s w a s ke p t a s e c r e t
b y a f e w
i n d i v i d u a l s or a n i n i t i a t e d c l a s s of s oc i e t y , w h i c h It h i n ki t w a s :
a n d It h i n k t h a t i n i t i a t e d s oc i e t y
w e r e t h e m s e l v e s t h e p e r s on s c a l l e d C y c l op e s
. T h e b u i l d i n g s w e r e e x e c u t e d u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i on
of a g r e a t , p ow e r f u l , a n d d om i n a n t p r i e s t h ood . T h e r e m a i n s of b u i l d i n g s w h i c h w e c a l l C y c l op s e a n ,
a n d w i t h w h i c h Ii n c l u d e t h os e c a l l e d D r u i d i c a l , a r e of s op e c u l i a r a c h a r a c t e r , t h a t t h e y c a n b e
c om p a r e d t on oot h e r s i n e x i s t e n c e
. If w e d i d n ot s e e t h e m , b u t on l y kn e w of t h e m b y r e p or t , w e
s h ou l d b e l i e v e t h e s t or i e s of t h e m t ob e n ob e t t e r t h a n f a i r y t a l e s
. It i s e v i d e n t t h a t t h e y w e r e
i n e x i s t e n c e b e f or e t h e t i m e of kn ow n h i s t or y , a n d t h a t t h e i r f a b r i c a t or s m u s t h a v e p os s e s s e d c on -
s i d e r a b l e kn ow l e d g e of a s t r on om y a n d s ki l l i n t h e m e c h a n i c a l a r t s
. T h e f or m e r i s p r ov e d b y t h e
c y c l e s e x h i b i t e d i n t h e i r c on s t r u c t i on , a s Ih a v e s h e w n i n m y
C E L T IC D RU ID S , a n d i n BookV . of
t h i s w or k ;
a n d t h e l a t t e r i s p r ov e d b y t h e s i z e of t h e s t on e s w h i c h a r e s ol a r g e , t h a t w i t h ou t
m u c h m e c h a n i c a l s ki l l t h e y n e v e r c ou l d h a v e b e e n m ov e d . 2
A s t h e Bu d d h i s t s a r e t h e ol d e s t
r e l i g i on i s t s w i t h w h om w e a r e a c q u a i n t e d , w e a r e n a t u r a l l y l e d t oa p p r op r i a t e t h e m t ot h i s s e c t ,
w h i c h m a n y c i r c u m s t a n c e s t e n d t oc on f i r m .
M r
. Br y a n t h a s p r ov e d t h a t t h e C y c l op e s w e r e s u p p os e d t oh a v e b e e n on c e e s t a b l i s h e d i n
A r g ol i s , a n d t h a t t h e y w e r e s a i d t oh a v e b u i l t A r g os , M y c a e n a e , a n d T i r y n s . 3
T h e s e c i r c u m -
s t a n c e s s e e m t oc on n e c t or i d e n t i f y t h e m w i t h t h e Ion i a n s a n d A m a z on s : a n d It h i n ki t w i l l
u l t i m a t e l y t u r n ou t t h a t t h e y w e r e t h e s a m e p e op l e u n d e r d i f f e r e n t n a m e s
. T h e C y c l op e s
w e r e
A s
E IIT A u e v w a t e x c
s s c r O a t 8 e y a r e ooXe t oa s .
T h e y w e r e c a l l e d y a r e p oXe t oa s a n d
e x Xe t ooy a c e p a s
. T h e s e e v i d e n t l y a l l u d e t ot h e w om b or t h e f e m a l e or g a n of g e n e r a t i on
. 4 " T h e
"
C y c l op s , C oc l e s , or A r i m a s p , i s a n y T h e oc r a t or of u n i v e r s a l d om i n i on , a n d t h e t e n A r i m a s p s of
"
M ou n t Ri p h a e u s ,
- d e c e m c oc l i t e s q u a e m on t i b u s a l t e i s
Ri p h m i s s e d e r e ,
' P l i n y , N a t . H i s t
. V II. , h a s s om e t h i n g a b ou t t h e m . Ba l b e c i s C y c l op m a n .
4
F or e x a m p l e - t h e s t on e s i n t h e w a l l s a t Ba l b e c , i n W e s t e r n S y r i a ,
a n d a t M a h a b a l i p or e , i n In d i a , a n d a t A b u r y ,
&c . , i n Br i t a i n .
3
C l a s s
. J ou r . V ol . V . p . 2 9 4 .

4 S t r a b o, L i b . v i i i . p . 5 4 0 .
5 1 4

A l l A n c i e n t H i s t or y F a b l e O r . e n i g m a
a r e t h e t e n A n t e d i l u v i a n ki n g s
. " G T h e s e a r e t h e C y c l op e s w h op e r i s h e d a t t h e t i m e w h e n
1
A p ol l ow a s b a n i s h e d f r om h e a v e n f or a y e a r , t h a t i s t os a y , i n t h e l on g n i g h t of t h e C a t ou l a s
. " '
M i g h t n ot t h e ki n g s n a m e d a b ov e , a l l u d e t ot h e s e v e n m i l l e n a r i e s a n d t h e t e n N e r os e s , a n d t h e
C a t ou l a s t ot h e s t a t e of n a t u r e w h e n Br a h m a r e p os e s on t h e g r e a t d e e p , p r e v i ou s t oa n e w c r e -
a t i on , a f t e r t h e m i l l e n i u m ? M i g h t n ot t h e
E 7 C T a
y a s e g oXe i ? a c b e t h e s e v e n c i r c u l a r p l a n e t a r y
b od i e s , e a c h s a c r e d t oa m i l l e n i u m
; a n d t h e t e n
C oc l i t e s s a c r e d t ot h e t e n N e r os e s ? T h i s i s
v e r y m y s t i c a l :
b u t t h e C y c l op e s a r e a l m os t a l w a y s f ou n d a l on g w i t h t h e A m a z on s
:
a n d t h e
y a s e e a c
a n d t h e p e c u l i a r i t y of t h e n u m b e r s s e e m t oc on n e c t t h e m i n s om e
w a y or ot h e r .
3
. Ih a v e s e v e r a l t i m e s b e f or e u s e d t h e e x p r e s s i on , t h a t a m a t t e r w a s
s u f f i c i e n t l y m y s t i c a l
. Bu t ,
i n f a c t , w e c a n n e v e r g i v e t h e a n c i e n t m y t h os e s c r e d i t f or t oom u c h m y s t i c i s m
. It w a s e v i d e n t l y
a l m os t t h e on l y e m p l oy m e n t of t h e i d l e p r i e s t s t oc on v e r t e v e r y h i s t or i c a l a c c ou n t i n t oa r i d d l e ,
a n d a g a i n t og i v e t h e i r d oc t r i n e s a n d r i d d l e s t h e a p p e a r a n c e of h i s t or y
. S a c r e d a n d p r of a n e h i s -
t or y a r e b ot h t h e s a m e , f r om t h e a e n i g m a s of S a m s on , t h a t g i v e n b y t h e Qu e e n of S h e b a t oS ol o-
m on , a n d t h e b e a u t i f u l f a b l e s of A E s op ( of w h i c h Is h a l l t r e a t b y a n d b y )t ot h e p a r a b l e s of J e s u s
C h r i s t .
A n d t h e r e a s on w h y a l l ou r l e a r n e d m e n h a v e t ot a l l y f a i l e d i n t h e i r e n d e a v ou r s t od i s c ov e r
t h e m e a n i n g of t h e a n c i e n t m y t h ol og i e s , i s t ob e f ou n d i n t h e i r ob s t i n a t e p e r s e v e r a n c e , i n a t t e m p t -
i n g t oc on s t r u e a l l t h e m y t h os e s m e a n t f or a e n i g m a s t ot h e v e r y l e t t e r . Ih a v e n od ou b t t h a t
a n c i e n t l y e v e r y ki n d of i n g e n u i t y , w h i c h c a n b e i m a g i n e d , w a s e x e r t e d f r om t i m e t ot i m e , t oi n v e n t
a n d c om p os e
. n e w r i d d l e s , t i l l a l l h i s t or y b e c a m e , i n f a c t , a g r e a t a e n i g m a
. In m od e r n t i m e s a s
m u c h i n g e n u i t y h a s b e e n e x e r c i s e d t oc on c e a l t h e a e n i g m a , a n d , b y e x p l a n a t i on , t os h e w t h a t i t w a s
m e a n t f or r e a l i t y
. U n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , h ow w a s i t l i ke l y t h a t t h e r i d d l e s s h ou l d h e u n d e r -
s t ood
? Be f or e t h e t i m e of H e r od ot u s e v e r y a n c i e n t h i s t or y i s a m y t h i c p e r f or m a n c e , i n s h or t a
g os p e l - a w or kw r i t t e n t oe n f or c e v i r t u e a n d m or a l i t y , a n d t oc on c e a l t h e m y t h os - a n d e v e r y t e m p l e
h a d on e .
T h i s w a s t h e c a s e w i t h m os t of t h e J e w i s h w r i t i n g s , t h e W or ks a n d D a y s , t h e Il i a d a n d
O d y s s e y , t h e p l a y s of E E s c h y l u s , t h e C y r op a e d i a , t h e
. n e i d , t h e e a r l y h i s t or y of Rom e , t h e S a g a s
of S c a n d i n a v i a , t h e S op h i s of A b r a h a m , t h e s e c r e t b ookof t h e A t h e n i a n s , t h e D e l p h i c v e r s e s of
O l e n , t h e 2 0 , 0 0 0 v e r s e s r e p e a t e d b y h e a r t , ( Q. a r t
? a r t i f i c i a l l y l e a r n t , )of t h e D r u i d s , t h e V e d a s
or Be d a h s , w h i c h i s a c ol l e c t i on of h y m n s or p s a l m s
.
T h e a b s u r d s u p e r s t i t i on , a s e x h i b i t e d i n t h e v e r s e s of V i r g i l , t h a t t h e t r a n s a c t i on s of t h e l i v e s of
m a n ki n d c a m e ov e r a n d ov e r i n s h or t p e r i od s , p e r h a p s e v e r y 6 0 0 y e a r s , of c ou r s e p r e v e n t e d a n y
h i s t or y f r om ' b e i n g w r i t t e n , a s l on g a s i t h a d i n f l u e n c e
: a n d i t w a s n ot u n t i l t h a t s u p e r s t i t i on
b e g a n t ob e d e s p i s e d , t h a t w e h a v e a n y t h i n g of t h e n a t u r e of r e a l h i s t or y
. T oh a v e w r i t t e n a
r e a l h i s t or y w ou l d h a v e b e e n t oh a v e ov e r t u r n e d t h e r e l i g i on
. T h e f i r s t h i s t or y w r i t t e n i n E u r op e ,
w h i c h w a s i n d e p e n d e n t of t h e M y t h os , i s t h a t of H e r od ot u s
. Bu t It h i n ki t p r ob a b l e , t h a t s om e of
t h e t r a c t s i n t h e Bi b l e w e r e t h e s a m e .
It c a n n ot b e d e n i e d t h a t t om os t i n q u i r e r s , t h e e a r l y h i s t or y of t h e w or l d p r e s e n t s n ot h i n g b u t a
s c e n e of i n c r e d i b l e a b s u r d i t i e s . T h e r e i s s c a r c e l y a p a g e of i t w h i c h c a n s a t i s f y a n y r e a s on a b l e
m i n d . T a ke w h a t h i s t or y y ou p l e a s e , i t i s t h e s a m e . T h i s i s c a r r i e d t os u c h a n e x c e s s , t h a t p r e -
v i ou s t oa b ou t s i x h u n d r e d y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t w e c a n b e s a i d t oh a v e n oh i s t or y a t a l l . T h e n
w h a t i s t ob e d on e ? A r e w e t og i v e u p a l l i n q u i r y i n t ot h e e a r l y t r a n s a c t i on s of m a n ki n d ? It i s
a d i f f i c u l t q u e s t i on . A t a l l e v e n t s , w e m u s t h a v e r e c ou r s e t os om e ot h e r p l a n t h a n r e t a i l i n g t h e
l a b ou r s of Ba c c h u s , or t h e l ov e s of V e n u s .
In t h i s w or kIa m m a ki n g a n a t t e m p t t os e p a r a t e
r e l i g i on f r om h i s t or y , a t l e a s t t os h e w w h a t r e l i g i on i s . T h i s w i l l c on d u c e t os h e w a f t e r w a r d w h a t
h i s t or y i s . T h e on l y f a u l t Ih a v e t of i n d w i t h t h e h i s t or i e s of In d i a b y C ol
. T od a n d ot h e r s i s ,
' N i m r od , V ol . III. p . 8 5 ; E n u l i F r a g m e n t a , Ze n ob i u s , I . P r ov . 1 8
BookIX . C h a p t e r ` ' . S e c t i on 4

5 1 5
t h a t t h e y d on ot s u f f i c i e n t l y m a r kt h e l i n e s of s e p a r a t i on b e t w e e n t h e r e a l a n d f a b u l ou s e r a s .
It
i s a l l ow e d t h a t C r i s t n a i s t h e s u n , a n d y e t t h e y t a l kof h i m a s of a m a n . H e i s l i ke H e r c u l e s ,
Ba c c h u s , &c . , a l w a y s t h e s u n
; a n d e v e r y g r e a t f a m i l y t r a c e s i t s or i g i n e i t h e r t oh i m a s C r i s t n a , or
t oh i m i n s om e ot h e r a v a t a r - a s Ra m a , Ba l i , or s om e ot h e r
. Ikn ow t h e d i f f i c u l t y of m a r ki n g t h e
l i n e i s g r e a t ;
b u t of t h i s w e m a y b e p e r f e c t l y a s s u r e d , t h a t t h e s e a d or e d m y t h ol og i c a l p e r s on a g e s ,
a n d t h e i r m i r a c u l ou s a d v e n t u r e s , a r e n ot h i n g b u t i n v e n t i on s , a d d e d b y t h e g e n e a l og i s t s
t o
t h e
p e d i g r e e s of t h e i r e m p l oy e r s , w h e n t h e y c ou l d g on oh i g h e r - - w h e n , p e r h a p s , t h e y f ou n d t h e a n c e s t or
t oh a v e b e e n s om e b a n d i t , or m i n i s t e r i a l t r a i t or , or u p s t a r t s ol d i e r of f or t u n e .
T or e t u r n t oou r s u b j e c t .
It i s r e m a r ka b l e t h a t i n t h e L a t i n , t h e f a m ou s C y c l op e s h a v e n os i n g u l a r n u m b e r . F r om t h i s I
t h i n ki t p r ob a b l e , t h a t t h e y w e r e L a t i n b e f or e t h e y
w e r e
G r e e k p e r s on a g e s . T h e i r g r a n d a b od e
w a s t h e i s l a n d of S i c i l y . V i r g i l s a y s , S i c i l i d e s M u s m ; b u t w h y , i n h i s m y s t i c p oe m , d oe s h e i n -
v oke t h e S i c i l i a n M u s e s , i n p r e f e r e n c e t oa n y ot h e r m u s e s ? M a y t h e or i g i n a l w or d f or on e of
t h e s e p e r s on s h a v e b e e n C y c l o- m a ki n g i n i t s g e n i t i v e C y c l op i s - a n d m e a n i n g , t h e c y c l e of C l o ?
W e m u s t r e m e m b e r t h a t S i c i l y i s t h e p e c u l i a r l a n d of t h e C y c l op e s . C l oi s t h e s a m e w or d a s
t h a t w h i c h e n d s t h e A g n i - c u l a , t h e J a n i - c u l a , t h e H e r a - c u l a , a n d m a n y ot h e r m y s t i c w or d s . N o
d ou b t e v e r y p r of ou n d c l a s s i c a l s c h ol a r w i l l l a u g h a t m e f or s u p p os i n g i t p os s i b l e , t h a t w h e n V i r g i l
w a s c e l e b r a t i n g t h e r e n e w a l of C y c l e s , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e s a c r e d c y c l e of 6 0 0 , h e s h ou l d i n v oke
t h e M u s e s of C y c l e s i n s t e a d of p a s t or a l M u s e s , w i t h w h om h i s s u b j e c t h a s l i t t l e or n oc on n e x i on .
Is h a l l p u r s u e t h i s i n q u i r y b y a n d b y .
4 . If m y r e a d e r w i l l l ookt ot h e m a p a n d b a c k t o t h e l a s t b ook, h e w i l l f i n d i t s t a t e d , t h a t c l os e
t oJ od p oor w e r e t h e r u i n s of a v e r y a n c i e n t c i t y , c a l l e d M u n d or e . Re s p e c t i n g t h i s c i t y , i n t h e
f ol l ow i n g p a s s a g e of C ol . T od ' s b e a u t i f u l b ook, w e h a v e w h a t It h i n kw i l l l e a d u s t ot h e or i g i n of
t h e C y c l op e s : " W h oe v e r h a s s e e n C or t on a V ol t e r r a , or ot h e r s of t h e T u s c a n c i t i e s , ' c a n f or m
" a c or r e c t i d e a of t h e w a l l s of M u n d or e , w h i c h a r e p r e c i s e l y of t h e s a m e p on d e r ou s c h a r a c t e r . It
" i s s i n g u l a r t h a t t h e a n c i e n t r a c e s of In d i a , a s w e l l a s of E u r op e , ( a n d w h os e n a m e of P a l i i s t h e
S y n on y m of G a l a t i or K e l t oi , ) s h ou l d , i n e q u a l i g n or a n c e of t h e m e c h a n i c a l a r t s , h a v e p i l e d u p
"
t h e s e s t u p e n d ou s m on u m e n t s , w h i c h m i g h t i n d u c e t h e i r p os t e r i t y t oi m a g i n e `
t h e r e w e r e g i a n t s
" ' i n t h os e d a y s . ' T h i s W e s t e r n r e g i on , i n w h i c h Ii n c l u d e n e a r l y a l l Ra j a p oot a n a a n d S a u r a s h t r a ,
" h a s b e e n t h e p e c u l i a r a b od e of t h e s e ` p a s t or ki n g s , ' w h oh a v e l e f t t h e i r n a m e s , t h e i r m on u -

m e r i t s , t h e i r r e l i g i on a n d s a c r e d c h a r a c t e r , a s t h e b e s t r e c or d s of t h e i r s u p r e m a c y . T h e Ra j -
" P a l i ,
or Roy a l P a s t or s , a r e e n u m e r a t e d a s on e of t h e t h i r t y - s i x r oy a l r a c e s of a n c i e n t d a y s : t h e
"
c i t y of P a l i t h a n a , ` t h e a b od e of t h e P a l i , ' i n S a u r a s h t r a ( b u i l t a t t h e f oot of m ou n t S A T RU N J A ,
s a c r e d t oBu d d h a )a n d P a l l i i n G od w a r , a r e a t on c e e v i d e n c e s of t h e i r p ol i t i c a l c on s e q u e n c e a n d
" t h e r e l i g i on t h e y b r ou g h t w i t h t h e m , w h i l e t h e d i f f e r e n t n a i l - h e a d e d c h a r a c t e r s 2
a r e c l a i m e d b y

t h e i r d e s c e n d a n t s , t h e s e c t a r i a n J a i n s of t h e p r e s e n t d a y . " 3
A g a i n , t h e C ol on e l s a y s , 4
I W e c on s t a n t l y r e a d of t h e T u s c i b e i n g on e of t h e n a m e s of t h e p r og e n i t or s of t h e Rom a n s , or , a t l e a s t , of t h e
p e op l e b e f or e t h e Rom a n s , oc c u p y i n g a l a r g e p a r t of t h e i r c ou n t r y . T h e w or d T u s c i h a s n os i n g u l a r n u m b e r
. I
b e l i e v e i n t h i s w or d w e h a v e a n e x a m p l e of a n ot h e r u n ob s e r v e d e m p h a t i c
a r t i c l e , a n d t h a t T u s c i i s T H E O s c i , t h e s a m e
a s t h e E n g l i s h e m p h a t i c a r t i c l e
. In l i ke m a n n e r , It h i n kt h e D e of F r a n c e w a s a l s ou s e d b y t h e a n c i e n t s .
T h e
a n d
D e b ot h m e a n G od . It i s r e m a r ka b l e t h a t , i n a l m os t e v e r y c a s e , t h e e m p h a t i c a r t i c l e m e a n s G od .
A v ov K oos , a s e e r ;
e v os , a t h i n g of f e r e d i n s a c r i f i c e ; h e n c e T h u s c i : O os - os c i ,
T h e O s c i . T h e l a n g u a g e of t h e O s c i w a s t h e L a t i n
.
P e z r on , p
. 2 4 1 . T h e E t r u s c a n s w r ot e f r om r i g h t t ol e f t . A s t l e , p . 1 8 3 .
2 N a i l - h e a d , t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e E t r u s c a n n u m e r a l s
.

3 T od ' s H i s t . Ra j .
P .
7 2 6 .

4
Ib i d .
5 1 6
D l u n d or e ,
&c .
~ Q A s Il ooke d u p t ot h e s t u p e n d ou s w a l l s ,
" ' W h e r e t i m e h a t h l e n t h i s h a n d , b u t b r oke h i s s c y t h e , '
~ ~ If e l t t h e f u l l f or c e of t h e s e n t i m e n t of ou r h e a r t - s t r i c ke n By r on ,
" ` T h e r e i s a p ow e r
" ` A n d m a g i c i n t h e r u i n e d b a t t l e m e n t ,
F or w h i c h t h e p a l a c e of t h e p r e s e n t h ou r
" ` M u s t y i e l d i t s p om p , a n d w a i t t i l l a g e s a r e i t s d ow e r . '
' ~ A g e s h a v e r ol l e d a w a y s i n c e t h e s e w e r e r a i s e d , a n d a g e s w i l l y e t r ol l on , a n d f i n d t h e m i m m ov e -
i Q a b l e , u n c h a n g e d . T h e i m m e n s e b l oc ks a r e p i l e d u p on , a n d c l os e l y f i t t e d t o, e a c h ot h e r , w i t h ou t
" a n y c e m e n t , t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of a l l t h e E t r u s c a n c i t i e s t e r m e d C y c l op e a n
. W e m i g h t , i n d e e d ,
' ~ s m u g g l e a p or t i on of M u n d or e , i n t ot h e p a g e s of M i c a l i , a m on g s t t h os e of T od i or V ol t e r r a
~ Q w i t h ou t f e a r of d e t e c t i on . "
T h i s e x t r a c t , f r om t h e w or kof m y f r i e n d C ol
. T od , w i l l , It h i n k, e n a b l e m e t os ke w , a t l e a s t
w i t h s om e p r ob a b i l i t y , w h ow e r e t h e C y c l op e s , t h e b u i l d e r s of ou r C y c l op m e a n c i t i e s , a n d c i r c u l a r
t e m p l e s , a n d w h e n c e t h e y h a d t h e i r s t r a n g e n a m e . In t h e f i r s t p l a c e , i f t h e P a l l i b e C e l t s , t h i s
e x a c t l y a c c or d s w i t h e v e r y t h i n g w h i c h Ih a v e s a i d , i n m y C E L T IC D RU ID S , r e s p e c t i n g t h e C e l t s '
c om i n g f r om N or t h In d i a , a n d b u i l d i n g S t on e h e n g e , A b u r y , Ion a , &c .
In t h e n e x t p l a c e , t h e i r r e l i g i on a n d n a m e of J a i n or J a n u s , a n d t h e i r N a i l - h e a d e d l e t t e r s ,
c on n e c t t h e m w i t h t h e a n c i e n t It a l i a n s - E t r u s c a n s .
C ol on e l T od v e r y j u s t l y c on s i d e r s t h e P a l l i or Ra j - p a l i , or t h e c ou n t r y of P a l i - s t a n , t oe x t e n d
ov e r a l l Ra j a p oot a n a a n d G u z e r a t , or S y r a s t r e n e or S a u r a s t r a .
Bu t w e h a v e t h e P a l i , or P a l l e s t i n i ,
on t h e H e l l e s p on t ; t h e P a l l e s t i n i , a t t h e m ou t h of t h e P a d u s , of It a l y
; a n d t h e m ou n t P a l a t i n u s
of Rom e , a n d P a l e s t r e e n a , or t h e S a c r u m P r i e n e s t e , a n d t h e c e l e b r a t e d P a l i - Ra j or Roy a l p a s t or s
of E g y p t , t h e b u i l d e r s , p r ob a b l y , of t h e P y r a m i d s .
In t h e t e r m Roy - a l w e s e e a n e x a m p l e of t h e
u t i l i t y , a n d e v e n n e c e s s i t y , of h a v i n g r e c ou r s e t om i x e d e t y m ol og y
. T h i s Ra j i s t h e Roi of G a u l
.
It h i n kt h e w or d Ra j i s t h e s a m e a s r a y , or r a d h a , or r a d i u s ,
a n e m a n a t i on f r om t h e S u n , a n d p r o-
b a b l y t h e ki n g s , m on a r c h s , I a f f e c t e d t ob e e m a n a t i on s f r om t h e S u p r e m e , or f r om t h e S u n , or , a s
t h e y c a l l e d t h e m s e l v e s , s on s of G od . 2 T h e c oi n c i d e n c e m or e i m p or t a n t t h a n a l l t h e ot h e r s i s ,
t h a t w e h a v e h e r e t h e P a l l e s t i n i or P h i l i s t i n e s ( a s ou r b ook
h a s i t f or t h e s a ke of d i s g u i s e )of
W e s t e r n S y r i a - t h e c a p i t a l of w h i c h w a s G A ZA . In t h e c ou n t r y of t h e P a l l i , a b ov e d e s c r i b e d
b y C ol . T od , on t h e s u m m i t of a h i l l , c l os e t oa n a r t i f i c i a l l a ke , i n a b ou t l a t
. 2 6 , 2 0 , l on g . 4 0 ,
( n ot i c e d b e f or e , )i s t h e v e r y a n c i e n t c i t y c a l l e d A j m e r e or A j i m e r e or A j e m e r e
. T h i s w a s
e x i s t i n g i n t h e t i m e of P t ol e m y , a n d w a s c a l l e d b y h i m G a z a - m e r a . 3 H e r e i s G a z a on t h e
b or d e r of a m e r e or p i e c e of w a t e r , a n a r t i f i c i a l s e a , i n In d i a , a n d G a z a on t h e s e a - s h or e , i n t h e
W e s t e r n S y r i a . T h e r e w a s a G a z a a l s oi n E g y p t ; a n d w h e n M e m p h i s w a s n e a r t h e s e a , b e f or e
t h e e m e r g e n c e of t h e D e l t a , G a z a w a s i t s p or t .
In t h i s d i s t r i c t w e f i n d a t ow n ( G ov i n d g u r h )f ou n d e d b y a p e r s on c a l l e d O od i , a n d t h e t r i b e i s
c a l l e d J od a ; a n d , i n t h e n e i g h b ou r h ood , i s a r i v e r c a l l e d S a r a s v a t i - ( S a r a - i s w a t i ? )- w h i c h r u n s
i n t ot h e a r t i f i c i a l , e l l i p t i c - f or m e d l a ke or m e r e a b ov e - n a m e d , c a l l e d P os h ku r - on e e x c e p t e d , t h e
m os t s a c r e d of t h e l a ke s of In d i a . O n i t s b a n ks s t a n d s t h e on l y t e m p l e n ow i n In d i a , s ol e l y
' M on a r c h M n - A p x n .
' A t t h e s i d e of a m ou n t a i n s c oop e d ou t of t h e s ol i d r oc k, C ol . T od s a y s , p . 7 2 6 , " i s a n ob l e Bow l i or r e s e r v oi r
. "
W h a t w i l l t h e e n e m i e s of m i x e d e t y m ol og y s a y t ot h i s ? W i l l t h e y b e s oob s t i n a t e a s n ot t os e e t h e E n g l i s h
Bow l i n
t h e In d i a n Bow l i ? M os t l i ke l y t h i s w a s a P i s c i n a .
3 T od , H i s t
. P
. 7 7 2 .
BookIX. C h a p t e r V . S e c t i on 5

5 1 7
d e d i c a t e d t oBr a m h a , c on t a i n i n g a q u a d r i f or m i m a g e . It i s s u r m ou n t e d w i t h a c r os s . A t a
l i t t l e d i s t a n c e r i s e s a s h r i n e t o T H E M O T H E R,
M a m a - d e v a . 2 N ot f a r d i s t a n t , on a r oc kc a l l e d t h e
N a g - p a h a r or s e r p e n t r oc k, a r e r u i n s s a i d t ob e t h os e of t h e p a l a c e of a m on a r c h w h of or m e r l y
r u l e d t h e t r i b e of t h e C h oh a n s , c a l l e d A j a P a l , or t h e S h e p h e r d K i n g , or G oa t h e r d A j a
. 3 T h i s
A j a P a l w a s t h e a n c e s t or of a f a m ou s c h i e f c a l l e d Be e s i l d e v a or V i s a l a - d e v a , a n d w a s t h e b u i l d e r of
A j i - m e r e , t h e G a z a - m e r a of P t ol e m y
. H e w a s t h e c on t e m p or a r y of a c e l e b r a t e d p e r s on of Ra j a h t ' -
h a n c a l l e d
U l y s s e s
. T h e C h oh a n s of A j i - m e r e w e r e e x i s t i n g 1 0 0 0 y e a r s b e f or e C h r i s t , a s t h e
h i s t or i e s s a y t h a t a c e r t a i n U d y a - D i t , w h o d i e d a b ou t t h a t t i m e , s e r v e d u n d e r t h e m . In
m y
C E L T IC D RU ID S m a y b e f ou n d a n a c c ou n t of a c i r c u l a r t e m p l e of v e r y l a r g e s t on e s ` n P e r s i a , w h i c h ,
t h e t r a d i t i on of t h e c ou n t r y s a y s , w a s b u i l t b y a t r i b e c a l l e d C oa n s , w h ow e r e p i g m i e s , b u t w h o
w e r e p e r s on s of s u p e r n a t u r a l s t r e n g t h ,
a
s p e c i e s of f a i r y . H e r e It h i n kw e h a v e t h e t r i b e of
C h oh a n s of A j i - m e r e . T h e r e w a s a t r i b e of t h e m n e a r E g b a t a n a , a n d w e h a v e t h e m a g a i n i n
G r e e c e , i n t h e s e v e r a l t ow n s c a l l e d C a on , i n t h e d i f f e r e n t A r g ol i s e s
. T h e s e C oa n s or P i g m i e s
w e r e t h e b u i l d e r s of t h e m on u m e n t d e s c r i b e d b y t h e l e a r n e d P h y s i ol og i s t S i r A n t h on y C a r l i s l e , i n
BookV . C h . V I
. S e c t . 6 .
F r om t h e m ou n t on w h i c h A j i m e r e s t a n d s , r u n s t h e r i v e r , on e
b r a n c h of w h i c h i s c a l l e d S a r a s w a t i , w h i c h j oi n s , n e a r a t ow n c a l l e d D oon - a r a , a r i v e r on w h i c h
s t a n d s a t ow n n a m e d P a l e e or P a l i , a n d a n ot h e r r i v e r on w h i c h s t a n d s M u n d or e , i n l a t
. 2 6 , 2 0 -
l on g . 7 3 , 5 - w h i c h w a s f or m e r l y t h e c a p i t a l of t h e p r e s e n t M a r w a r ; i t s i m m e n s e c y c l op oe a n r u i n s ,
t h i r t y - s e v e n m i l e s i n c i r c u m f e r e n c e , a l on e r e m a i n . Bu t a n e w c a p i t a l h a s b e e n b u i l t a b ou t s i x
m i l e s f r om M u n d or e , c a l l e d J od - p oor . O f t h e d a t e of J od p oor Ih a v e n oi n f or m a t i on ;
b u t i t n o
d ou b t h a d i t s n a m e f r om a r e f e r e n c e t ot h e ol d n a m e of t h e t r i b e Iod i or Y u d a
. T h e d a t e of t h e
b u i l d i n g of t h e c y c l op a e a n M u n d - or e , or e v e n of i t s d e s t r u c t i on , i s , Ib e l i e v e , u n kn ow n e v e n t o
t r a d i t i on .
5
. In t h e w or d M u n d or e , It h i n kw e m a y f i n d t h e or i g i n of t h e C y c l op s t h e f a b r i c a t or s of t h e s e
b u i l d i n g s . T h e w or d s M u n d a a n d x u x % os , c i r c u l u s ,
a r e s y n on y m e s - x u x t os i s a m e r e t r a n s l a t i on
of M u n d a , a n d t h e y m e a n c y c l e
. T h e G r e e ks , t h r ou g h p r of ou n d i g n or a n c e , f r om x u x ? os m a d e
c y c l op s , or r ou n d or on e e y e .
It i s p r ob a b l e t h a t t h e C y c l op s w e r e n a m e d i n a l l u s i on t ox u x Xog a c y c l e , a n d
op t s
or t h e
H e b r e w
= 1 r t
a u b a s e r p e n t , t h e c i r c u l a r s e r p e n t , or t h e s e r p e n t i n e c i r c l e
. T h e r e c a n n ot b e
d e v i s e d a m or e p r op e r e m b l e m of a n e t e r n a l l y - r e n ov a t i n g c y c l e , t h a n t h e C ob r a S e r p e n t , w i t h i t s
t a i l i n i t s m ou t h , p e r i od i c a l l y r e n e w i n g i t s e l f b y c a s t i n g i t s s ki n
. T h e d e a d l y p oi s on of t h e C ob r a
i s a n e m b l e m of t h e d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r ; a n d t h e H ood w h i c h , i n t h ou s a n d s of i n s t a n c e s , w e s e e h i m
e x t e n d i n g , s om e t i m e s ov e r t h e s l e e p i n g K a n y i a , a n d s om e t i m e s ov e r t h e c on j oi n e d Y on i a n d
L i n g a , a n d s om e t i m e s ov e r t h e f i g u r e of Bu d d h a , i s , u n d e r t h i s p e c u l i a r c i r c u m s t a n c e , a b e a u t i f u l
e m b l e m of t h e p r e s e r v i n g p ow e r . T h e n m i g h t n ot t h e p e op l e of M u n d or e b e
O p h i t e s - f ol l ow e r s
or i n v e n t or s of t h e s e r p e n t i n e c y c l e ? 4
T h e w or d C y c l op e s , t h e n , w i l l m e a n t h e f ou n d e r s of c y c l e s .
M u n d a c or r e c t l y m e a n s c y c l e , a s w e l l a s c i r c l e a n d t h e m u n d a n e r e v ol u t i on
. C ol . T od h a s
ob s e r v e d t h a t t h e P a l l i a n d K e l t oi a r e s y n on y m ou s
. In e e d n ot r e m i n d m y r e a d e r of t h e v e r y
t H i s t . Ra j . p p . 7 7 2 , 7 7 4 . C ol
. T od s a y s i t w a s on l y b u i l t f ou r y e a r s a g ob y a m i n i s t e r of S c i n d i a . T h a t i t w a s
b u i l t Id on ot d ou b t , b u t It h i n kt h e l e g e n d a n d t r a d i t i on p r ov e t h a t t h i s b u i l d i n g m u s t h a v e b e e n a r e b u i l d i n g : i f i t
w e r e n ot a r e b u i l d i n g , h e r e i s t h e ol d s u p e r s t i t i on r e v i v e d or ke p t a l i v e .
' Ib i d .
P .
7 7 3 .
s
A j a w e s e e m e a n s g oa t ; G a z a h a s t h e s a m e m e a n i n g . I s h a l l r e s u m e t h e s u b j e c t of A j e m e r e , a n d t h e Ra y j a h a n d
P a l l i , i n m y n e x t b ook .
O r s ;
d i v i n e v e n g e a n c e ; O a v oi c e ; 4 ' a a i t ob r i n g t ol i g h t ; O s s a s n a ke
.
5 1 8

A b u r y a n d S e r p e n t W or s h i p
e x t r a or d i n a r y m a n n e r i n w h i c h t h e a n c i e n t D r u i d i c a l or C e l t i c m on u m e n t s a r e c on s t r u c t e d i n
r e f e r e n c e t ot h e d i f f e r e n t a n c i e n t c y c l e s , of t h e or i e n t a l n a t i on s - t h e 3 , t h e
7 , t h e 1 2 , t h e 1 9 ,
t h e 3 0 , t h e 6 0 , t h e 1 4 4 , t h e 1 8 8 , t h e 6 0 0 , t h e 6 0 8 , t h e 6 5 0 , - a l l i n t h e s e r p e n t i n e t e m p l e a t
A b u r y ;
a n d , Ih a v e n od ou b t , t h e f a m ou s C a r n a c , f or t h e a g e of t h e w or l d
. W e m u s t r e c ol l e c t ,
t h a t M u n d u s m e a n s
x oq % os ,
w h i c h m e a n s
b e a u t y a r i s i n g f r om t h e or d e r l y d i s p os i t i on of t h e
h e a v e n l y b od i e s , m ov i n g i n t h e i r c y c l i c r e v ol u t i on s
.
T h u s t h e Roy a l S h e p h e r d s w e r e t h e f ou n d e r s of t h e s y s t e m of c y c l e s ,
p e r h a p s e x p e l l e d f r om
In d i a ; a f t e r w a r d c e r t a i n l y e x p e l l e d f r om E g y p t
. In
t h e
S a t u r n j a , s a c r e d t oBu d d h a , a n d t h e
S a t u r n i a U r b s of V i r g i l , t h e a n c i e n t c i t y on w h i c h Rom e w a s b u i l t , m a y b e f ou n d t h e f a t h e r of
J ov e , Bu d d h a , - a l s ot h e Ba l or P a l , or P a l l i i n G od w a r , t h e f a t h e r s of t h e H e r i - c u l a s or H e r i c l o- e s ,
( f ou n d on t h e c oa s t of M a l a b a r , )a n d t h e A g n i - c u l a s or A g n i - c l o- e s , a r a c e w h om i g h t f i r s t a d op t
t h e a d or a t i on of t h e r a i n , or u n i t e i t w i t h t h a t of t h e Zu r - a s t e r , or t h e f i r e or s ol a r or b
. T h e
H e r i - c u l a s a n d A g i i i - c u l a s 1 a r e v e r y l i ke t h e J a n i - c u l a of Rom e , a n d f r om t h e P a l l i m i g h t c om e
t h e M on s P a l a t i n u s .
T h e m i x t u r e of t h e N a g a or S e r p e n t w or s h i p , w i t h t h e t r a d i t i on s r e l a t i n g t oM u n d or e a n d t h e
P a l i a n d Iou d i , of t e n n ot i c e d b y C ol . T od , i s v e r y s t r i ki n g
; a n d , n ot w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e b r e v i t y of
t h e r e c or d s of W e s t e r n S y r i a or J u d a e a , t h e N e h u s t h a n of M os e s s h e w s i t w a s a s r e a l l y c om m on
t ot h e r e l i g i on i n t h e W e s t e r n a s i n t h e E a s t e r n S y r i a
. A n d t h e S e r p e n t t e m p l e a t A b u r y , w i t h
i t s H a kp e n or N a g - p e n , s h e w s t h e u n i on of t h e t w oi n Br i t a i n .
6 . T h e H e a d of t h e S e r p e n t T e m p l e a t A b u r y i s c a l l e d H a c kp e n
. T h i s i s e v i d e n t l y t h e P e n
h e a d ,
a n d H a g , t h e ol d E n g l i s h w or d f u r S e r p e n t . In H e b r e w
i n
h g m e a n s c i r c l e or c i r c u l a r
m ot i on . J ob , x x i i
. 1 4 , s a y s ,
p ' n t y - a i n
h u g s a m i m , t h e c i r c l e of t h e p l a n e t s , or h e a v e n s ; a n d i n
S y r i a c
n 5 a n
h g l u t m e a n s a c i r c u i t . N ow , I t h i n kt h e
w n
n h s or s e r p e n t w a s c a l l e d H a g f r om i t s
c i r c u l a r , a n d , of a l l t h e b e a s t s , s ol e l y c i r c u l a r , f or m , f r om i t s l i ke n e s s t oe t e r n i t y - t ot h e r e n ov a t i on
a u ov ' r w v a i w v m v j oi n e d t oi t s e t e r n a l l y r e n e w i n g i t s e l f b y c a s t i n g i t s ol d s ki n or r e s i d e n c e w h e n
d e c a y e d , a n d p u t t i n g on a n e w on e - a d d e d t oi t s m os t d e a d l y p ow e r a s d e s t r oy e r - t h u s u n i t i n g i t ,
i n e v e r y t h i n g , w i t h t h e L og os , t h e w i s d om , t h e s e l f - e x i s t e n t , t h e c y c l e , t h e c r e a t or , p r e s e r v e r ,
a n d d e s t r oy e r . T h e s e r p e n t l a i d e g g s , w h i c h , l i ke t h os e t h e of f s p r i n g of t h e s e l e c t e d h u m a n
f e m a l e , w e r e i m p r e g n a t e d w i t h t h e s ol a r r a y
. ( T h i s w i l l b e e x p l a i n e d p r e s e n t l y . )A s t h e
e m b l e m of t h e n u r s i n g m ot h e r of a l l , t h e e a r t h , w h e n i t s y ou n g a r e a l a r m e d , t h e y f l e e , or w e r e
b e l i e v e d t of l e e , f or r e f u g e , i n t ot h e b os om of t h e i r p a r e n t
. Ia m n ot s u r p r i s e d t h a t t h e m os t
r e f i n e d of p h i l os op h e r s s h ou l d h a v e i n v e n t e d s ob e a u t i f u l a n a l l e g or y
.
It i s a b ol d s p e c u l a t i on , b u t Ic a n n ot h e l p s u s p e c t i n g t h a t t h e
a n
h g a n d
: n
h k of t h e w or d
= n n h kn a a n d t h e a ? Xj h a d a l l a c l os e c on n e x i on
; t h a t t h e y w e r e a l l c or r u p t i on s or f or m a t i on s
of e a c h ot h e r . - , 1 1 n
l a g e m e d i t a r i , e l oq u i
. In Ir i s h E a g - g n a i s i , a p h i l os op h e r , 2 i . e . i n t h e s i n g u l a r ,
a n h g
s n a ke - w i t h M
. M a g - u s . M a g i a p p e l l a n t u r q u od p a t r i a s u a l i n g u a i d e m s on a t , q u od
a p u d n os s a p i e n t e s ; G o
. b y M e t a t h e s i s n g n e g a G on e s a - Ir i s h a n d In d i a n G od of W i s d om : N a g a
t h e C ob r a :
D r u i d s ' E g g s . Q
. E a g of t h e E a g - g n a i s i
T v w r i g
kn ow l e d g e , w i s d om , w i s d om of t h e
s e r p e n t , w h e n i n t h e s t a t e of a c i r c u l a r a n i m a l , a n d a l s oof i t s E g g , - E g g of W i s d om , i
. e . E g g
f r om w h i c h t h e w or l d s p r u n g ?
T h e w or l d c a m e f r om W i s d om . Is h a l l r e t u r n t ot h i s e t y m on i n
a f u t u r e p a g e .
In t h e s e c ou n t r i e s a r e m a n y t ow n s c a l l e d , e i t h e r w h ol l y or i n p a r t , M u n d a , t h e s a m e a s t h e
M u n d a of S p a i n
;
a n d a l s om a n y O od i p oor s , a n d t ow n s a n d r i v e r s , w h i c h b e s p e a kc or r u p t i on s of
n a m e s r e l a t i n g t ot h e J e w i s h h i s t or y , a s w e l l a s t h e v e r y e a r l y m y t h ol og i e s of t h e G e n t i l e s
. S u c h
I Y a j - n i c u l a s ?

2 O u s e l e y , C ol l . V ol . II . p p . 3 2 5 , 3 4 5 .
BookIX . C h a p t e r V S e c t i on 8

5 1 9
a r e t h e w or d s N oa h , J a p h e t , S h e m , L ot , U l y s s e s , A c h i l l e s , C a e s a r
. N od ou b t t h e ob s e r v a t i on r e -
s p e c t i n g s u c h n a m e s a s L ot w ou l d b e v e r y t r i f l i n g i f i t w e r e n ot c on n e c t e d w i t h v e r y m a n y ot h e r
c i r c u m s t a n c e s . A n d w e m u s t a l w a y s b e a r i n m i n d , t h a t w e a r e e n d e a v ou r i n g t or e c ov e r t h e v i e w
of ob j e c t s j u s t v a n i s h i n g f r om ou r s i g h t
.
T h e w or d s U l y s s e s a n d A c h i l l e s a r e of t h e s a m e f a m i l y
of w or d s w i t h Il e y i a m , a n d P r om e t h e u s , a n d Ba g h i s , a n d H e r c u l e s , a n d N y s a , a n d M e r u . T h e
w or d C a e s a r , i s t h e . z E s a r of t h e K e l t s or G a u l s , a n d w a s a d op t e d b y J u l i u s i n h on ou r of h i s c on -
q u e s t of G a u l , a s S c i p i ot ookt h e n a m e of A f r i c a n u s , b u t h e t ookt h e n a m e of C a e s a r a l s ot o
e n c ou r a g e t h e s u p e r s t i t i on , t h a t h e w a s t h e d i v i n e i n c a r n a t i on p r om i s e d b y t h e S i b y l s , w h i c h w e
s h a l l f u l l y e x p l a i n i n a f u t u r e Book .
7 . O n t h e r u i n s of M u n d or e m a y b e s e e n v a r i ou s m y s t i c e m b l e m s , a s t h e q u a t r e - f e u i l l e , t h e
c r os s , t h e m y s t i c t r i a n g l e , t h e t r i a n g l e w i t h i n a t r i a n g l e *, &c . C ol . T od s a y s ,
"
A m on g
a n c i e n t c oi n s a n d m e d a l s , e x c a v a t e d f r om t h e r u i n s of O oj e i n a n d ot h e r a n c i e n t c i t i e s , Ip os s e s s
" a p e r f e c t s e r i e s w i t h a l l t h e s y m b ol i c e m b l e m s of t h e t w e n t y - f ou r J a i n A p os t l e s . T h e c om p ou n d

e q u i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e i s a m on g t h e m ; p e r h a p s t h e r e w e r e m a s on s i n t h os e d a y s a m on g t h e P a l i

( i . e . t h e P H IL IS T IN E S of t h e In d i a n G A ZA - - a n d of G a z a , a f e w m i l e s f r om S ol om on ' s t e m p l e i n
W e s t e r n S y r i a ) . It i s h a r d l y n e c e s s a r y t os t a t e t h a t t h i s T r i n i t a r i a n s y m b ol ( t h e d ou b l e
" t r i a n g l e )oc c u r s on ou r ( s oc a l l e d ) G ot h i c e d i f i c e s , e . g . t h e b e a u t i f u l A b b e y - g a t e of Bu r y S t .
" E d m u n d ' s , S u f f ol k, e r e c t e d a b ou t A . D .
1 3 7 7 . " '
S o, m y g ood f r i e n d , C ol . T od , y ou a r e s u r -
p r i s e d t h a t t h e r e s h ou l d b e m a s on i c e m b l e m s u p on t h e r u i n s of M u n d or e , t h e c a p i t a l of t h e Iou d i ,
or J u d s of Y u d a , i n t h e c ou n t r y of t h e P a l l i , or P h i l i s t i n e s of G a z a - m e r a , w h e r e J e s s u l m e r w a s , a n d
u n q u e s t i on a b l y t h e e a r l i e s t of t h e M ou n t s of S ol y n z a - of Bi t - S ol u m i or t e m p l e s of S ol om on . Bu t
t h ou g h t h i s m a y s u r p r i s e y ou , i t w i l l n ot s u r p r i s e h i s Roy a l H i g h n e s s t h e D u ke of S u s s e x , or a n y
M a s on of h i g h d e g r e e . Bu t t h e a u t h or i s h i m s e l f a M a s on , a n d t h a t of h i g h d e g r e e
; H E M A Y S A Y
N O M O RE . Y e t h e w i l l v e n t u r e t oa d d , t h a t t h ou g h m u c h of t h e l e a r n i n g of t h a t a n c i e n t or d e r
r e m a i n s , m u c h i s l os t , a n d m u c h m a y y e t b e r e c ov e r e d . Bu t i t i s n ot e v e r y a p p r e n t i c e or f e l l ow
c r a f t w h okn ow s a l l t h e s e c r e t s of t h e or d e r .
T h e f ol l ow i n g ob s e r v a t i on i s m a d e b y C ol . T od : 2 " T h e w ood of S ol om on ' s t e m p l e i s c a l l e d
" a l - m u g :
=n x
a l m g , 1 K i n g s x . 1 1 : t h e p r e f i x a l i s m e r e l y t h e a r t i c l e . T h i s i s t h e w ood a l s o

m e n t i on e d i n t h e a n n a l s of G u z z e r a t , of w h i c h t h e t e m p l e t o` A d n a t h ' 3 w a s c on s t r u c t e d . It i s

s a i d t ob e i n d e s t r u c t i b l e b y f i r e . It h a s b e e n s u r m i s e d t h a t t h e f l e e t s of T y r e f r e q u e n t e d t h e
In d i a n c oa s t ;
c ou l d t h e y t h e n c e h a v e c a r r i e d A l - M u g f or t h e t e m p l e of S ol om on ? " 4 I
s u p p os e In e e d s c a r c e l y p oi n t ou t h ow s t r on g l y t h i s c a s u a l ob s e r v a t i on of C ol . T od ' s t e n d s t o
s u p p or t m y d oc t r i n e , of t h e i n t i m a t e c on n e x i on of t h e t r i b e of W e s t e r n Iou d i w i t h
t h e r e l i g i on of
In d i a ?
W e h a v e s e e n t h e G u z z e r a t G od
A d
of W e s t e r n S y r i a , i n A d a d , H a d a d e z e r , &c .
A f e w
v e r s e s a f t e r w a r d , i n IK i n g s , c h . x . , s h i e l d s of g ol d a r e s a i d t oh a v e b e e n
m a d e .
O f w h a t u s e
c ou l d s h i e l d s b e i n t h e t e m p l e ? T h e s e s h i e l d s w e r e s a l v e r s or w a i t e r s , a f t e r t h e c u s t om of C e n -
t r a l In d i a , w h e r e , w h e n a p e r s on i s t r e a t e d w i t h h i g h r e s p e c t , e v e r y t h i n g i s h a n d e d t oh i m on a
s h i e l d or b u c kl e r . - '
8 T h e i n f a m ou s F ou r m on t w h od e s t r oy e d t h e i n s c r i p t i on s on t h e m a r b l e s
i n t h e M or e a , d i s c o-
v e r e d t h e t e m p l e of a G od or G od d e s s c a l l e d O n g a r , i . e . M i n e r v a .
T h e s h r i n e of t h i s d e i t y i s
1
H i s t . Ra j .
P .
7 2 9 .

2 Ib i d . 2 8 2 .

3 i . e . G od - a d , d i , d i s .
4 Br ot h e r m a s on , w h a t d oy ou kn ow of S ol om on ' s t e m p l e ? H e r e a r e t h e w or d A l m u g , i n S y r a s t r e n e , a n d t h e
m a s on i c e m b l e m s
i n M u n d or e , - t h e t ow n of C y c l e s or C y c l op e s . Be a s s u r e d t h e w ood w a s c a r r i e d f or c e r t a i n s a c r e d
p a r t s of t h e b u i l d i n g , a n d
b y F r e e - M a s on s t oo .
P r ob a b l y a l l t h e f ou r t e e n t e m p l e s
of
S ol om on , of w h i c h w e r e a d , w e r e
p a r t l y c on s t r u c t e d of
t h i s s a c r e d w ood , a n d b y F r e e - M a s on s t oo
.
5 V i d e T od , H i s t
. Ra j
.
5 2 0 F ou r m on t . T h e T e m p l e of O n g a r
on e of t h e t w e l v e m os t s a c r e d p l a c e s i n In d i a
. It i s i n t h e s a c r e d i s l a n d of M u n d a n a or M u n d a t t a ,
( i . e . M u n d a - d a t t a , )p e c u l i a r l y s a c r e d t ot h e G od
O M
or M , i . e . 6 0 0 , 1
on t h e N e r b u d d a i n L a t .
2 2 , 1 6 - L on g . 7 6 , 2 0 - c a l l e d b y S i r J oh n M a l c ol m O n g ka r
. It i s n ot f a r f r om Bu r g - oon d a a n d
M a u n d oo, a n d n ot v e r y f a r f r om t h e g r e a t M u n d or e , w h i c h w a s on c e t h i r t y - s e v e n m i l e s i n c i r -
c u m f e r e n c e , w h os e r u i n s b e s p e a ka m os t m a g n i f i c e n t c i t y i n
v e r y a n c i e n t t i m e s . 2 M u n d a - d a t t a
m e a n s c or r e c t l y t h e c y c l e or c i r c l e of Bu d d h a , D a t t a b e i n g on e of h i s n a m e s - BookV
. C h a p t e r 1 .
T h e r u i n s of t h e a n c i e n t c i t i e s of t h e Bu d d h i s t s , i n t h i s c ou n t r y , c h e w t h e m t oh a v e b e e n a r a c e of
p e op l e of p r od i g i ou s p ow e r a n d m a g n i f i c e n c e
. T h e M u n d a s a r e a l l Bu d d h i s t a n d Id ou b t n ot
C y c l op a e a n .
If t h e Bu d d h i s t C y c l op s of t h e W e s t , w e r e a n y t h i n g l i ke w h a t t h e r u i n s of t h e i r
c i t i e s i n t h e E a s t s h e w t h e m t oh a v e b e e n , w e n e e d n ot b e s u r p r i s e d a t t h e v a s t n e s s or g r a n d e u r
of t h e i r t e m p l e s a n d b u i l d i n g s w h i c h r e m a i n t ou s
. T h e s e c i t i e s i n N or t h In d i a , w e r e t h e t h ou s a n d
c i t i e s a l l u d e d t ob y S t r a b o, t h e e x i s t e n c e of w h i c h i s t r e a t e d of w i t h g r e a t t a l e n t i n t h e u n p u b -
l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t s of t h e l e a r n e d M r . M oy l e , of S ou t h a m p t on , n ow i n t h e p os s e s s i on of h i s
d e s c e n d a n t , S i r J os e p h C op l e y , Ba r on e t , of S p r ot s b or ou g h
.
A f e w p a g e s b a c kIob s e r v e d t h a t t h e P a l l i w e r e c a l l e d Ra j - P a l l i or r oy a l s h e p h e r d s
. Ih a v e
of t e n w on d e r e d w h y t h e s h e p h e r d t r i b e w h oc on q u e r e d E g y p t w e r e c a l l e d
r oy a l s h e p h e r d s . W e
h e r e s e e t h e r e a s on
:
t h e y w e r e t h e Ra j - P a l l i or Roi - P a l l i
. T h e y w e r e Ra j a h - p ou t a n s , or Ra j a h -
p a l i t a n , or Ra j a h - p ou t a n s h e p h e r d s
. T h e s e a r e b e a u t i f u l c oi n c i d e n c e s
. Is h a l l r e t u r n t ot h i s b y
a n d b y .
Im u s t n ow b e g m y r e a d e r t or e c a l l t oh i s r e c ol l e c t i on t h a t t h e d i s c ov e r y of t h e or i g i n s of
a n c i e n t n a t i on s a n d r e l i g i on s , t h e ob j e c t of ou r r e s e a r c h , i s t h e m os t d i f f i c u l t u n d e r t a ki n g t h a t c a n
b e i m a g i n e d - t h a t i t h a s b e e n t h e s u b j e c t of a n x i ou s p u r s u i t b y t h e l e a r n e d i n a l l t h e a g e s t ow h i c h
b y w r i t i n g or t r a d i t i on w e h a v e a c c e s s ; t h a t t oP y t h a g or a s , t oP l a t o, t oC i c e r o, t oP l i n y , t o
Ba c on , t oN e w t on , t oBr y a n t , a n d t oF a b e r , t h e c om m on or a c kn ow l e d g e d l i t e r a l a c c ou n t s h a v e
b e e n u n s a t i s f a c t or y , a n d t h a t , b y t h e s u c c e s s or s of e a c h , i n t u r n , t h e f a i l u r e or t h e u n s a t i s f a c t or y
n a t u r e of t h e r e s u l t s of t h e i n q u i r i e s of t h e i r p r e d e c e s s or s h a s b e e n a d m i t t e d ; t h a t a s t a t e of
s oc i e t y of a v e r y s u p e r i or ki n d e x i s t e d l on g p r e v i ou s t oa n y G r e c i a n h i s t or i a n s - or t r a d i t i on s , I
t h i n kn oon e w h om e d i t a t e s u p on t h e r e m a i n s of D r u i d i c a l a n d C y c l op 2 e a n b u i l d i n g s c a n e n t e r t a i n
a n y d ou b t . H ow i s i t p os s i b l e t od ou b t t h a t a n u n i f or m s y s t e m m u s t h a v e p r e v a i l e d , w h i c h g a v e
r i s e t ot h e s a m e s t y l e of b u i l d i n g , t h e s a m e n a m e s of t ow n s , r i v e r s , a n d d i s t r i c t s , i n a l l q u a r t e r s of
t h e g l ob e ?
T h e s a m e s u p e r s t i t i on i s a p p a r e n t e v e r y w h e r e , a n d i t i s v e r y c l e a r , t h a t t h e s u p e r -
s t i t i on s of t h e a n c i e n t s w i t h w h i c h w e a r e a c q u a i n t e d , a r e on l y t h e r e m a i n s or c or r u p t i on s of a
p r e v i ou s a n d u n i v e r s a l s y s t e m of w h i c h w e h a v e n oh i s t or y , b u t p a r t of w h i c h Ia m n ow r e s c u i n g
f r om ob l i v i on .
Ib e g t or e m i n d m y r e a d e r t h a t or i g i n a l l y i n Rom e , G r e e c e , a n d E g y p t , w h i c h
c on v e y s w i t h i t In d i a , t h e r e w a s n oi d ol a t r y , e x c e p t i t w a s s i m p l y t h e
L i n g a , a s t h e e m b l e m of
t h e c r e a t i v e p ow e r
. T h i s w a s t h e r e l i g i on of Bu d d h a , t h e i i ' v a t i r a s i t of M os e s , t h e r e l i g i on of
M e l c h i z e d e k, w h i c h , i n t h e s e c on d p r e f a c e t om y
C e l t i c D r u i d s , I s a i d Is h ou l d u n v e i l
.
' M a l c ol m ' s C e n t . In d
. V ol . II. p
. 5 0 5 .

2
Ib i d
. P . 1 3 .
BookIX. C h a p t e r V I
. S e c t i on 1
.

5 2 1
C H A P T E RV I
S e r p e n t of G e n e s i s - O p h i t e s - S e r p e n t of G e n e s i s t h e L og os - D i f f e r e n t E r a s of
Bu d d h i s m - D u p u i s
.
1 . T H E r e a s on w h y t h e s e r p e n t b e c a m e t h e e m b l e m of t h e d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r , i n G e n e s i s , h a s n e v e r
b e e n s a t i s f a c t or y or c l e a r t om e . It i s s a i d t h a t , a c c or d i n g t ot h a t m y t h os , h e i s m a d e , b y t h e
O p h i t e s , t h e e m b l e m of t h e C r e a t or , b e c a u s e , b y p e r s u a d i n g E v e t oe a t t h e a p p l e , h e w a s t h e i m -
m e d i a t e c a u s e of t h e p r op a g a t i on of t h e s p e c i e s - t h a t w i t h ou t t h e op e n i n g of t h e e y e s , b y w h i c h
e x p r e s s i on i s m e a n t , i n f a c t , t h e e x c i t i n g of t h e d e s i r e of p r oc r e a t i on , t h e r a c e of m a n w ou l d n ot
h a v e b e e n m u l t i p l i e d - a n d t h a t , w i t h ou t i t s i n f l u e n c e i n m a ki n g m a n i n t h i s r e s p e c t w i s e , h e
w ou l d h a v e f or e v e r c on t i n u e d i n a s t a t e of u n p r ol i f i c t h ou g h i n n oc e n t i g n or a n c e . A c c or d i n g t o
t h e a l l e g or y i n G e n e s i s , l i t t l e a s i t i s u n d e r s t ood , w e m a y c e r t a i n l y c on c l u d e , t h a t t h e s e r p e n t p u t
i n m ot i on t h e h u m a n f or m a t i v e p ow e r , a n d w a s a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h e c a u s e of t h e d e a t h , or a t
l e a s t a p p a r e n t d e s t r u c t i on , of m a n - of h i s d e c om p os i t i on or r e t u r n t od u s t . ' Bu t It h i n kt h e
C ob r a w a s e m b l e m a t i c of s om e t h i n g m or e t h a n t h e d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r . Bu d d h a w a s t h e p r ot og on os
or f i r s t - b e g ot t e n , t h e f i r s t e m a n a t i on of d i v i n e p ow e r , w i s d om , b y w h om a n d f or w h om a l l t h i n g s
w e r e c r e a t e d . Bu t t h e c r e a t or of a l l t h i n g s w a s a l s ot h e d e s t r oy e r ; a n d t h e N a g a b e i n g t h e e m -
b l e m of t h e d e s t r oy e r , a n d t h e d e s t r oy e r b e i n g d i v i n e w i s d om , i t b e c a m e a l s ot h e e m b l e m of d i v i n e
w i s d om ; t h e s e r p e n t w a s m or e s u b t i l t h a n a n y b e a s t of t h e c r e a t i on .
G e n . i i i
. 1
.
F e w p e r s on s , Ib e l i e v e , h a v e r e a d G e n e s i s , w i t h ou t h a v i n g h a d t h e i r c u r i os i t y e x c i t e d t od i s -
c ov e r w h y t h e s e r p e n t w a s t h e w i s e s t of t h e a n i m a l c r e a t i on . T h e E l e p h a n t , t h e D og , or t h e
M on ke y , m i g h t h a v e h a d s om e p r e t e n s i on t ot h i s h on ou r ; b u t It h i n kt h e s e r p e n t h a s , f r om i t s
n a t u r a l p r op e r t i e s , j u s t a s l i t t l e p r e t e n s i on t oi t , a s t h e f r og or t h e l i z a r d . Bu t f r om t h e r e f i n e d
d e d u c t i on s a b ov e , i t m i g h t h a v e b e c om e t h e e m b l e m of w i s d om
. It m i g h t b e t h e e m b l e m of e t e r -
n i t y f or a n ot h e r r e a s on - f or t h e s a m e r e a s on w h i c h m a d e t h e P h oi n i x or P a l m - t r e e t h e e m b l e m of
e t e r n a l l i f e .
It p os s e s s e d t h e f a c u l t y of r e n e w i n g i t s e l f w i t h ou t t h e p r oc e s s of g e n e r a t i on or f r u c -
t i f i c a t i on , a s t oou t w a r d a p p e a r a n c e , b y a n n u a l l y c a s t i n g i t s s ki n
. T h i s a n n u a l r e n e w a l m a d e i t
e m b l e m a t i c a l of t h e s u n or t h e y e a r . T h u s w e s e e h ow a l l t h e s e r e f i n e d a l l e g or i e s r i s e ou t of on e
a n ot h e r , a l m os t w i t h ou t e n d ; g e n e r a l l y t oou t w a r d a p p e a r a n c e a b s u r d , b u t , w h e n u n d e r s t ood , of t e n
b e a u t i f u l . It h i n kn ou n p r e j u d i c e d p e r s on r e a d i n g G e n e s i s w ou l d e v e r s u s p e c t t h a t t h e s e r p e n t
t h e r e n a m e d w a s t h e e v i l p r i n c i p l e or t h e D e v i l . T h e l i t e r a l m e a n i n g b ot h of t h e t e x t a n d c on -
t e x t i n f a c t f a l s i f i e s a n y s u c h i d e a : a n d y e t a l m os t a l l C h r i s t i a n p r i e s t s ( c h oos i n g t oh a v e r e c ou r s e
t oa l l e g or y t os e r v e t h e i r ow n p u r p os e ,
2
t h ou g h t h e y n e v e r c e a s e a b u s i n g t h os e w h ot e a c h t h a t
r I
t h i n k i f I
c a n s ke w t h a t t h e l i t e r a l m e a n i n g of G e n e s i s c on t a i n s a n a b s ol u t e i m p os s i b i l i t y i n i t s e l f , w e m u s t , f or
t h a t r e a s on a l on e , h a v e r e c ou r s e t oa n a l l e g or i c a l m e a n i n g , a f t e r t h e e x a m p l e of a l l t h e a n c i e n t
J e w s a n d C h r i s t i a n
f a t h e r s
. A d a r n a n d E v e a r e or d e r e d t oi n c r e a s e a n d m u l t i p l y
; a n d h a d n ot t h e s e r p e n t b r ou g h t d e a t h i n t ot h e w or l d ,
b e f or e t h e e n d of t h e f i r s t f ou r t h ou s a n d y e a r s t h e n u m b e r of p e r s on s on t h e e a r t h w ou l d h a v e b e e n s o g r e a t , t h a t t h e y
m u s t h a v e d e v ou r e d e v e r y a n i m a l , a n d h a v e b e e n ob l i g e d t of e e d on on e a n ot h e r . L on g b e f or e t h e e x p i r a t i on of t h i s
p e r i od of t i m e , t h e s u r f a c e
of t h e e a r t h w ou l d h a v e b e e n s oc ov e r e d w i t h p e op l e , t h a t t h e y c ou l d n ot h a v e s t ood f or
w a n t of
s p a c e t os t a n d on .
9 T h e D e v i l i s t h e g r a n d a l l y of p r i e s t s
. In t h e s e d a y s c e r t a i n l y , n oD e v i l n oP r i e s t s .
5 2 2
O p h i t e s
t h e b ooki s a n a l l e g or y )m a i n t a i n , t h a t a r e a l d e v i l or e v i l p r i n c i p l e i s m e a n t ; a n d t h a t b y t h e t e x t
m e r e l y a c om m on s e r p e n t i s n ot l i t e r a l l y t ob e u n d e r s t ood . T h e f a c t i s , t h e y h a v e a m on g t h e m
t h e t r a d i t i on of i t s t r u e or i e n t a l m e a n i n g , b u t h ow t oe x p l a i n i t t h e y kn ow n ot .
Ib e g m y r e a d e r
t or e f e r t oC r u d e n ' s C on c or d a n c e on t h e w or d S e r p e n t , a n d t h e r e h e w i l l s e e b ot h t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s
of t h e l e a r n e d , a n d a n e x t r a or d i n a r y e x a m p l e of t h e m e a n n e s s of u n d e r s t a n d i n g i n a v e r y l e a r n e d ,
p i ou s , a n d g ood m a n , p r od u c e d b y t h e t h i n g m i s c a l l e d r e l i g i on .
2 . It i s v e r y c e r t a i n t h a t , i n a n c i e n t t i m e s , t h e s e r p e n t w a s a n ob j e c t of a d or a t i on i n a l m os t a l l
n a t i on s . T h e In d i a n s , t h e E g y p t i a n s , t h e G r e e ks , a n d t h e Rom a n s , ke p t s e r p e n t s i n t h e i r t e m p l e s
a l i v e ; a n d t r e a t e d t h e m w i t h t h e h i g h e s t r e s p e c t .
F r om t h i s s u p e r s t i t i on , Id on ot d ou b t t h a t
t h e O p h i t e s , of w h om w e kn ow v e r y l i t t l e , t ookt h e i r r i s e .
Ic a n p a y n oa t t e n t i on t ot h e c a l u m -
n i e s of O r i g e n a n d ot h e r f a t h e r s w h os e e v i d e n c e ou r m od e r n w r i t e r s a r e s ow e a ka s t or e c e i v e -
t h e e v i d e n c e of m e n w h op r of e s s e d t ob e l i e v e f r a u d t ob e m e r i t or i ou s , i f u s e d a g a i n s t t h e op p on e n t s
of t h e i r r e l i g i on .
N ot h i n g w h i c h a p p e a r s t ob e t ol d b y t h e or t h od ox f a t h e r s , i n a r e g u l a r a n d
s y s t e m a t i c m a n n e r , a g a i n s t t h e h e r e t i c s , i s
c r e d i b l e .
N or a r e t h e y t ob e b e l i e v e d e v e n w h e n t h e y
p r of e s s on l y t or e f u t e d oc t r i n e s , f or i t w a s n ot u n c om m on w i t h t h e m t oc h a r g e t h e i r op p on e n t s
w i t h a b s u r d op i n i on s w h i c h t h e y n e v e r h e l d , f or t h e d ou b l e p u r p os e of d i s g r a c i n g t h os e op p on e n t s
a n d g a i n i n g c r e d i t t ot h e m s e l v e s .
T h i s h a s a l w a y s b e e n c on s i d e r e d , b y p r i e s t s , a m e r e a l l ow a b l e
r u s e i n r e l i g i ou s c on t r ov e r s y . It i s y e t h a d r e c ou r s e t oe v e r y d a y
. F or t h e s e r e a s on s Ic a n
p a y l i t t l e a t t e n t i on t ot h e a c c ou n t s of t h e O p h i t e s r e t a i l e d f r om O r i g e n , b y M a t t e r
. Ic a n
on l y r e c e i v e a f e w i n s u l a t e d f a c t s , w h i c h a r e c on f i r m e d b y ot h e r e v i d e n c e . T h e y s e e m t oh a v e
p l a c e d a t t h e h e a d , or n e a r l y a t t h e h e a d , of a l l t h i n g s , a n d m os t i n t i m a t e l y c on n e c t e d w i t h t h e
s e r p e n t , a c e r t a i n S op h i a . T h i s i s c l e a r l y a t r a n s l a t i on of t h e w or d Bu d d h a i n t oG r e e k, a n d
s t r on g l y r e m i n d s m e t h a t t h e ol d Bu d d h a s a r e a l w a y s u n d e r t h e c a r e of t h e C ob r a C a p e l l a
. I
t h i n kw e m a y c on c l u d e f r om t h i s , t h a t t h e y h on ou r e d t h e S e r p e n t a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e G od of
w i s d om . T h e i r e n e m i e s t e l l u s , t h a t t h e y p r of e s s e d t od e r i v e t h e i r v e n e r a t i on f or t h e s e r p e n t f r om
G e n e s i s .
T h e f a m ou s Br a z e n S e r p e n t s e t u p b y M os e s i n t h e w i l d e r n e s s , c a l l e d N e h u s t a n , i s c a l l e d i n t h e
T a r g u m a S a v i ou r . It w a s p r ob a b l y a s e r p e n t i n e c r u c i f i x , a s i t i s c a l l e d a c r os s
b y J u s t i n M a r t y r .
M r . Be n t l e y s a y s t h a t i n In d i a t h e s e r p e n t i s t h e e m b l e m of w i s d om .
H e c i t e s n oa u t h or i t y ,
b u t Id on ot d i s p u t e h i s a s s e r t i on . I
A s Ih a v e j u s t n ow s t a t e d , Id on ot d ou b t t h a t t h e s e c t of O p h i t e s h a d i t s or i g i n f r om t h e c on s i -
d e r a t i on , t h a t t h e d e s t r oy e r w a s t h e c r e a t or , t h a t d e s t r u c t i on w a s r e g e n e r a t i on : a n d t h e C ob r a , a s
b e i n g t h e m os t d e a d l y of t h e s e r p e n t t r i b e , w h i c h a n n u a l l y r e n e w e d i t s e l f , w i t h i t s t a i l i n i t s m ou t h ,
w a s c on s i d e r e d t h e m os t a p p r op r i a t e e m b l e m of t h e d e s t r oy e r a n d r e g e n e r a t or , i n f a c t , of t h e
s a v i ou r . T h u s w e s e e Bu d d h a , t h e c r e a t i n g p ow e r , c on s t a n t l y p r ot e c t e d b y t h e d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r .
T h e C ob r a , t h e Ion i , a n d L i n g a , s e e m t ob e t h e on l y e m b l e m s a d m i t t e d i n t h e e a r l y Bu d d h i s t
m on u m e n t s , w h i l e Ih a v e n od ou b t t h a t t h e e a r l i e s t h a d n oe m b l e m . T h e G od w a s r e p r e s e n t e d
s e a t e d , n a ke d , c on t e m p l a t i v e , a n d u n or n a t n e n t e d . By d e g r e e s e m b l e m s i n c r e a s e d i n l on g p e r i od s
of t i m e .
If w e s u p p os e on l y on e e m b l e m t oh a v e b e e n a d m i t t e d i n a g e n e r a t i on , i n t h i r t y g e n e r a -
t i on s or on e t h ou s a n d y e a r s t h e r e w ou l d b e t h i r t y e m b l e m s . A s i n g l e n e w e m b l e m i n a g e n e r a t i on
w ou l d n ot a l a r m t h e w or s h i p e r s , a n d t h u s t h e a b u s e m i g h t c r e e p on t i l l i t a r r i v e d a t t h e s t a t e i n
w h i c h w e f i n d i t b ot h i n In d i a a n d i n t h e Rom i s h C h u r c h a t t h i s d a y . T h e P r ot e s t a n t s a r e d oi n g
t h e s a m e t h i n g
; t h e l a s t g e n e r a t i on i n t r od u c e d p i c t u r e s i n t oc h u r c h e s : t h e c r os s i s n ow f ol l ow i n g
i n or d e r
. T h e y g oon s l ow l y a t f i r s t : a t l e n g t h t h e m i n d s of m e n b e c om i n g a c c u s t om e d t oi n n o-
' H i s t
. A n t . H i n d . p . 6 0 .
BookIX
. C h a p t e r V I . S e c t i on 3

5 2 3
v a t i on s t h e y p r oc e e d i n g e om e t r i c a l p r og r e s s i on . T h u s , f i g m e n t s of n on s e n s e g oon i n c r e a s i n g ,
t i l l s om e i n t r e p i d f a n a t i c t a ke s of f e n c e a t t h e m , a n d p r e a c h e s a g a i n s t t h e m - a b l ood y c i v i l w a r
t h e n a r i s e s a b ou t n ot h i n g , a n d t h e e m b l e m s a n d t h e b e a u t i f u l t e m p l e s w h i c h c on t a i n t h e m a r e d e -
s t r oy e d .
T h i s i s t h e i r h i s t or y i n In d i a , i n E g y p t , a n d i n a n c i e n t a n d m od e r n E u r op e . A h i g h s t a t e of
c i v i l i z a t i on , a n d s ki l l i n t h e f i n e a r t s a n d s c i e n c e s , d on ot p r e v e n t , b u t s e e m r a t h e r t oe n c ou r a g e ,
t h e i n c r e a s e of t h i s f ool e r y . L e t u s l ooka t Rom e a n d G r e e c e . T h e r e w e s e e a f e w p h i l os op h e r s
c r y i n g ou t a g a i n s t t h e a b u s e ; b u t t h e m a s s of t h e p e op l e , w i t h t h e i r d e c e i v i n g a n d f l a t t e r i n g
p r i e s t s w h ol i v e on t h e i r f ol l y , r u n n i n g i n t ot h e g r e a t e s t e x t r a v a g a n c i e s . W h e n S oc r a t e s e x p os e d
t h e f ol l i e s of t h e p r i e s t s , w h a t w a s h i s r e w a r d ? W h e n N u m a f or b a d e t h e u s e of i m a g e s , w h o
a t t e n d e d t oh i m ? - h i s u n c i v i l i z e d f ol l ow e r s . W h e n t h e y b e c a m e c i v i l i z e d , h i s c om m a n d s w e r e
f or g ot t e n .
3
. T h e O p h i t e s a r e s a i d t oh a v e m a i n t a i n e d , t h a t t h e s e r p e n t of G e n e s i s w a s t h e A oy os a n d
J e s u s C h r i s t
. T h i s c on f i r m s w h a t Ih a v e s a i d a b ov e . T h e L og os w a s d i v i n e w i s d om , a n d w a s t h e
Bu d d h a of In d i a
. T h e Br a z e n S e r p e n t w a s c a l l e d A oy os or t h e w or n b y t h e C h a l d e e P a r a p h r a s t , I
a n d f or t h i s w or d t h e y u s e t h e C h a l d e e
n t m i ]
n u n r a . 2 T h u s t h e C r os s , or L i n g a , or P h a l l u s , w i t h
t h e s e r p e n t u p on i t , w a s c a l l e d b y t h e l e t t e r s w h i c h c on v e y e d t h e i d e a of w or d , or v oi c e , or l i n g u a ,
or l a n g u a g e
. H e n c e c a m e t h e p h a l l u s , t h e e m b l e m of t h e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r i n In d i a , t ob e c a l l e d
l i n g a
. T h e s e r p e n t w a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e e v i l p r i n c i p l e or d e s t r oy e r , b u t , a s b e f or e s t a t e d , t h e
d e s t r oy e r w a s t h e c r e a t or , h e n c e h e h a d t h e n a m e of 0 4 )1 Z
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h a v e r e v e r e d i t a s t h e c a u s e of a l l t h e a r t s of c i v i l i z e d l i f e
. Bu t s t i l l t h e q u e s t i on r e c u r s w h y t h i s
a n i m a l s h ou l d h a v e b e e n s e l e c t e d a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e g i v e r of t h e i n f or m a t i on , e x c e p t a s t h e e m -
b l e m of t h e c r e a t or a n d d e s t r oy e r , a n d t h e r e f or e of w i s d om
.
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t h e i r c e r e m on i e s
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. Br y a n t h a s s h e w n , t h a t b ot h t h e P h oe n i c i a n s a n d t h e E g y p t i a n s a d or e d
t h e s e r p e n t
; t h a t t w ow e r e ke p t a l i v e a t T h e b e s
; t h a t i t w a s a d or e d a t E l e u s i s , a l s oa t E p i d a u r u s
;
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. Br y a n t , a n e m b l e m of
D IV IN E W IS D O M
a n d of t h e c r e a t i v e e n e r g y b y w h i c h a l l t h i n g s w e r e f or m e d :
D i v i n e W i s d om , t h a t i s , of Bu d d h a
.
M a x i m u s T y r i u s s t a t e s , t h a t w h e n A l e x a n d e r e n t e r e d In d i a , h e f ou n d a p r i n c e w h oke p t a n
e n or m ou s s n a ke a s t h e i m a g e of Ba c c h u s
.
6
A r r i a n a l s oi n f or m s u s , t h a t w h e n A l e x a n d e r a d v a n c e d
i n t oIn d i a h e m e t w i t h on e of t h e p r i n c e s w h oa d or e d a l a r g e s e r p e n t , w h i c h h e ke p t c on f i n e d
.
T h i s i s e x a c t l y w h a t w e a r e i n f or m e d w a s d on e b y t h e C h r i s t i a n O p h i t e s
. In a f u t u r e p a g e w e
s h a l l f i n d t h a t s e v e r a l i l l u s t r i ou s f e m a l e s w e r e b e l i e v e d t oh a v e b e e n s e l e c t e d a n d i m p r e g n a t e d
b y t h e H ol y G h os t
. In t h e s e c a s e s , a s e r p e n t w a s a l w a y s s u p p os e d t ob e t h e f or m w h i c h i t
a s s u m e d
. T h i s w a s t h e i n c a r n a t i on of t h e L og os
; t h i s w a s w h a t Ia l l u d e d t ow h e n Is p oke of a
s e l e c t e d f e m a l e ,
i n C h a p . V . S e c t . 6 , of t h i s b ook
.
Ba s n a g e , L i v . i r . C h . x x v .
Y
Ib . x x i v .

3 S e e J on e s ' s L e x i c on i n v oc e
. ,
4 Br y a n t on P l a g . of E g y p t , p . 2 0 3 .
P a r kh u r s t , i n v oc e w a s n h s , IV
.
6
C l a s s . J ou r n . V ol . XXIII . p . 1 4 .
5 2 4

D i f f e r e n t i E r a s of Bu d d h i s m
In a l m os t a l l t h e e m b l e m a t i c a l g r ou p s of t h e In d i a n s , w e m e e t w i t h t h e s e r p e n t i n on e s h a p e or
ot h e r . W h e n i t h a s i t s t a i l i n i t s m ou t h , n od ou b t i t i s t h e e m b l e m of e t e r n i t y
. Bu t t h ou g h i t i s
a d m i r a b l e f or t h i s p u r p os e , t h a t i s b u t a s m a l l p a r t of i t s m e a n i n g
. It i s w or t h y of ob s e r v a t i on
t h a t i t i s f ou n d on v e r y n e a r l y t h e ol d e s t of t h e Bu d d h i s t m on u m e n t s . A n d t h e s e r p e n t m os t
p a r t i c u l a r l y c h os e n i n In d i a , a n d of t e n f ou n d i n E g y p t , w h e r e i t i s n ot a n a t i v e , i s t h e C ob r a or
N a g a , or h ood e d s n a ke . T h i s Bu d d h i s t f or e i g n e r , i n E g y p t , s u f f i c i e n t l y s h e w s t h a t t h e Bu d d h i s t
w or s h i p c a m e t oE g y p t b e f or e t h e i n v e n t i on of H i e r og l y p h i c s
. Ia p p r e h e n d , a s Ih a v e a l r e a d y
i n t i m a t e d , t h a t t h e s e r p e n t , w h i c h w a s t h ou g h t t ob e m or e d e a d l y i n i t s b i t e t h a n a l l ot h e r s , w a s
s e l e c t e d a s t h e m os t p e r f e c t e m b l e m of t h e d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r :
a n d i t i s a l w a y s f ou n d w i t h t h e
u n i t e d Y on i a n d L i n g a , a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e c r e a t i n g p ow e r ,
t h e d oc t r i n e s e e n e v e r y w h e r e , t h a t
d e s t r u c t i on w a s
c r e a t i on
or f or m a t i on . I
s u p p os e i t w a s a b r a z e n C ob r a w h i c h M os e s s e t u p on a
c r os s i n t h e W i l d e r n e s s .
T h e C ob r a , w i t h i t s t a i l i n i t s m ou t h , w ou l d d e n ot e e t e r n a l f or m a t i on
a n d d e s t r u c t i on , t h e e t e r n a l r e n e w a l of w or l d s .
It i s v e r y c l e a r t h a t a g r e a t v a r i e t y of b e a u t i f u l
a l l e g or i e s p r e s e n t t h e m s e l v e s w h e r e t h e C ob r a m a y b e u s e d .
It i s s a i d t h a t t h e w or d
l n t v n i
n h s t n
n e h u s t h a n c a n n ot b e u n d e r s t ood b y t h e H e b r e w or A r a b i c
s c h ol a r , b e c a u s e , t h ou g h on e p a r t b e H e b r e w , t h e ot h e r i s p u r e P e r s i a n
. T h e
W n 3 n h s
i s H e b r e w ,
t h e In t oi s P e r s i a n or O r i e n t a l
.
T h e f i r s t m e a n s s e r p e n t , t h e s e c on d m e a n s p l a c e
. ' Bu t t h i s
m a y h a v e a v e r y d i f f e r e n t m e a n i n g ; i t m a y m e a n n u n h or m i n d , a n d s t a n a p l a c e , t h e p l a c e of t h e
D i v i n e M i n d , of t h e H ol y G h os t .
4 . It h i n kt h e d i f f e r e n t f e r a s of Bu d d h i s m m a y b e ob s e r v e d i n i t s m on u m e n t s
. It s f i r s t a e r a i s
s h e w n , b y Bu d d a , a s a N e g r o, s e a t e d c r os s - l e g g e d , p e r f e c t l y n a ke d , w i t h ou t a n y or n a m e n t w h a t -
e v e r . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t s t a g e of i d ol a t r y , u n l e s s i t w e r e p r e c e d e d b y t h e s t on e p i l l a r a n oi n t e d w i t h
oi l . In t h e n e x t , h e i s s l i g h t l y or n a m e n t e d or c l ot h e d , a n d a c c om p a n i e d w i t h t h e N a g a or C ob r a
C a p e l l a . In t h e n e x t , h e i s a c c om p a n i e d w i t h v a s t n u m b e r s of f i g u r e s , of m e n , w om e n , c h i l d r e n ,
a n d a n i m a l s :
b u t h e i s n e v e r h i m s e l f a m on s t e r , w i t h s e v e r a l h e a d s or h a n d s , n or a r e h i s a t t e n d a n t s
m on s t e r s . In t h e n e x t s t a g e , l i e i s a c c om p a n i e d w i t h t h e C ob r a w i t h m a n y h e a d s - b u t w i t h n o
ot h e r m on s t e r . A f t e r t h i s c om e s C r i s t n a w i t h e v e r y a b s u r d i t y t h a t c a n b e c on c e i v e d
. In t h i s
m a n n e r l t h i n km a y b e s h e w n t h e r e l a t i v e d a t e s of t h e Bu d d h i s t m on u m e n t s
;
a n d , i n t h e s e c on d
a n d V E RY E A RL Y
s t a g e , a d e g r e e of s ki l l a n d e l e g a n c e i n t h e w or km a n s h i p m a y b e ob s e r v e d , t o
w h i c h t h e l a t e r w or ks c a n m a ke n op r e t e n s i on .
T h e s e w e r e t h e w or ks of t h e p r i m e v a l , l e a r n e d
r a c e s p oke n of b y Ba i l l i e , t h e i n v e n t or s of t h e N e r os , s u p p os e d t oh a v e l i v e d b e f or e t h e f l ood .
A f t e r a m os t c a r e f u l c om p a r i s on of t h e l a r g e s p e c i m e n of t h e C ob r a C a p e l l a , i n t h e M u s e u m
of t h e Roy a l C ol l e g e of S u r g e on s , w i t h t h e m on u m e n t s i n t h e Br i t i s h M u s e u m , Ia m q u i t e s a t i s -
f i e d t h a t t h e s e r p e n t or p r ot u b e r a n c e on t h e f or e h e a d s of t h e M e m n on , a n d of m a n y ot h e r
f i g u r e s , a r e c ob r a s .
"
A s f a r a s t h e s e E g y p t i a n r e m a i n s l e a d u s - i n t ou n kn ow n a g e s , t h e s y m b ol s t h e y c on t a i n a p p e a r
"
n ot t oh a v e b e e n i n v e n t e d i n t h a t c ou n t r y , b u t t oh a v e b e e n c op i e d f r om t h os e of s om e ot h e r
" p e op l e s t i l l a n t e r i or , w h od w e l t on t h e ot h e r s i d e of t h e E y t h r e e a n oc e a n . O n e of t h e m os t
" ob v i ou s of t h e m i s t h e h ood e d s n a ke , w h i c h i s a r e p t i l e p e c u l i a r t ot h e S ou t h - e a s t e r n p a r t s of
"
A s s n , b u t w h i c h If ou n d r e p r e s e n t e d , w i t h g r e a t a c c u r a c y , u p on t h e ob e l i s kof Ra m e s e s ,
"
a n d h a v e ob s e r v e d a l s of r e q u e n t l y on t h e Is i a c t a b l e . "
s
T h e A s p i c , c a l l e d T h e r m u t i s , w a s
b e l i e v e d t ob e i m m or t a l b y t h e E g y p t i a n s .
s
M r . P a y n e K n i g h t h a s r e p e a t e d a n ob s e r v a t i on of
S t u ke l e y ' s , t h a t t h e or i g i n a l n a m e of t h e t e m p l e of A b u r y w a s t h e s n a ke ' s h e a d : a n d h e a d d s , i t
' G e r r a n s i n O u s e l e y ' s C ol l
. O r i e n t . p . 2 8 : .

Y
P a y n e K n i g h t , W or s P r
. p . 9 0
.
3
S e e J u r i e n , V ol
. 1 1 . p . 2 2 5 .
BookIX. C h a p t e r V I . S e c t i on 5
5 2 5
i s r e m a r ka b l e t h a t t h e r e m a i n s of a s i m i l a r c i r c l e of s t on e s i n Be e ot i a h a d t h e s a m e n a m e , i n t h e
t i m e of P a u s a n i a s
. K a z a
a c
r r / v e g T a u r a v r a
e u O f i a v e x O v P w v T i O ot s Xw g i ov w r e g i E Xoe v ov
a oy a e r w O 4 e w g
x a ? ooa w of O 7 1 9 w o1 x e ~ a a r w . 1
T h e t h r e e m os t c e l e b r a t e d e m b l e m s c a r r i e d i n t h e G r e e km y s t e r i e s , w e r e t h e P h a l l u s , t h e E g g ,
a n d t h e S e r p e n t ;
or , ot h e r w i s e , t h e P h a l l u s , t h e Ion i or U m b i l i c u s , a n d t h e S e r p e n t
. T h e f i r s t
i n e a c h c a s e w a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e S u n , of f i r e , a s t h e m a l e or a c t i v e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r
; t h e
s e c on d , of t h e p a s s i v e , a n d t h e t h i r d of t h e d e s t r oy e r , t h e r e - f or m e r , a n d t h u s of t h e p r e s e r v e r
; -
t h e p r e s e r v e r e t e r n a l l y r e n e w i n g i t s e l f
. T h e u n i v e r s a l i t y of t h e S e r p e n t i n e w or s h i p or a d or a t i on
n oon e c a n d e n y
. It i s n ot on l y f ou n d e v e r y w h e r e , b u t i t e v e r y w h e r e oc c u p i e s a n i m p or t a n t
s t a t i on ;
a n d t h e f a r t h e r b a c kw e g o, t h e m or e u n i v e r s a l l y i t i s f ou n d , a n d t h e m or e i m p or t a n t i t
a p p e a r s t oh a v e b e e n c on s i d e r e d .
5
. A b ou t t h i r t y y e a r s a g o, a v e r y l e a r n e d F r e n c h m a n , of t h e n a m e of D u p u i s , p u b l i s h e d a w or ks
c a l l e d T h e H i s t or y of a l l Re l i g i on s , i n w h i c h h e u n d e r t ookt os h e w , t h a t t h e l a b ou r s of H e r c u l e s ,
a n d a l m os t a l l a n c i e n t m y t h ol og y , w e r e a s t r on om i c a l a l l e g or i e s , a p p l i c a b l e t oa s t a t e of t h e s p h e r e
c or r e c t e d or t h r ow n b a c kt oa v e r y r e m ot e p e r i od
. H i s s u c c e s s , a s t om a n y p a r t s , c a n n ot f or a
m om e n t b e d ou b t e d , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y a s t ot h e l a b ou r s of H e r c u l e s
. T h a t t h os e l a b ou r s w h i c h
w e r e a d of i n D i od or u s S i c u l u s a n d ot h e r a u t h or s , a r e a l l d e p i c t e d i n t h e h e a v e n s c a n n ot b e d e n i e d
.
T h os e l a b ou r s a r e s oc l os e l y c on n e c t e d w i t h t h e s i g n s a n d d i v i s i on s of t h e Zod i a c , a s n ot t ob e
s e p a r a b l e f r om t h e m
. T h e y m u s t , It h i n k, b e c on t e m p or a n e ou s or n e a r l y s o. N ow , w h e n m y
r e a d e r c on s i d e r s w h a t h a s b e e n s a i d r e s p e c t i n g t h e In d i a n or i g i n of t h e Ion i a n s , t h e A r g i v e s ,
t h e H e l l e n e s , a n d t h e A m a z on s , - t h a t , i n f a c t , t h e y w e r e s e c t a r i e s d r i v e n ou t f r om u p p e r In d i a ,
i s i t n ot p os s i b l e t h a t t h e s e l a b ou r s h a d t h e i r or i g i n i n t h e w a r s w h i c h t h e n t ookp l a c e , a l l ov e r
t h e w or l d , b e t w e e n t h e d i f f e r e n t s e c t s ;
a n d , c on s e q u e n t l y , t h a t i t w a s a b ou t t h a t t i m e t h a t t h e
s p h e r e w a s i n v e n t e d b y C h i r on t h e C e n t a u r ?
- K e v - T a u e - oc . L e t m y r e a d e r r e c ol l e c t t h a t h e h a s
f ou n d t h e s a m e t ow n s i n In d i a , A s i a , a n d i n E u r op e
; t h e s a m e G od s , i n t e l l i g i b l e i n In d i a , b u t
n ot i n E u r op e ;
a n d a l l t h e ot h e r m a r ks of s i m u l t a n e ou s i d e n t i t y , a n d t h e n d ou b t , i f h e c a n , t h a t
t h e s e c on s t e l l a t i on s m u s t h a v e h a d a c om m on or i g i n , a n d p r ob a b l y a t a c om m on t i m e
. L e t h i m
c on s i d e r t h e w a r s of H e r c u l e s w i t h t h e A m a z on s , a n d h e w i l l a g r e e w i t h m e , t h a t a l l , or n e a r l y
a l l , t h e m y t h os e s h a v e r e f e r e n c e t ot h e w a r s of t h e d i f f e r e n t s e c t s of t h e Ion i a n d t h e L i n g a - of
t h e H e l l e n e s a n d T r oj a n s , t h e A r g i v e s a n d t h e A m a z on s
. T h e b a t t l e s of H e r c u l e s a n d t h e
T i t a n s , &c . , &c
. , a r e on l y t h e E u r op e a n c ou n t e r p a r t of t h e In d i a n b a t t l e s of C r i s t n a d e s c r i b e d
i n t h e M a h a b a r a t
; t h e y a r e t h e s a m e t h i n g p a i n t e d a c c or d i n g t ot h e p e c u l i a r t a s t e of t h e t w o
n a t i on s .
P a u s a n . Bc e ot
. C a p . x i x . S . 2 .
s
T h i s b ook, Ia m t ol d , i s n ow b e c om i n g e x t r e m e l y s c a r c e , t h e d e v ot e e s e v e r y w h e r e h a v i n g m a d e d e s p e r a t e w a r
u p on i t , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e J e s u i t s of F r a n c e . T h e g l ob e s w h i c h w e r e m a d e on p u r p os e f or i t Ih a v e n e v e r b e e n a b l e t o
ob t a i n e i t h e r i n P a r i s or e l s e w h e r e . P e r s on s w h oh a v e n ot p e r u s e d t h i s w or k, h a v e n or i g h t t og i v e a n op i n i on on t h e
s u b j e c t of a n c i e n t m y t h ol og y .
5 2 6
P r i t c h a r d
on t h e M oon
C H A P T E RV II
M oon r e s u m e d . W a t e r . Is i s - P r i t c h a r d on t h e M oon - P l u t a r c h on t h e M oon a n d
Is i s - Is i s u n kn ow n t oG r e e ks a n d Rom a n s - C r e s c e n t , O r i g i n a n d A d or a t i on of
i t - Ba p t i s m s - Ic e . P a y n e K n i g h t ' s E x p l a n a t i on of i t s N a m e - In f l u e n c e of
t h e M oon .
1
. A m on g t h e a t t e m p t e d e x p l a n a t i on s of t h e i m m e n s e m a s s of c on f u s i on w h i c h t h e a n c i e n t
m y t h ol og i e s e x h i b i t , t h e r e i s n ot h i n g m u c h l e s s s a t i s f a c t or y t h a n t h os e r e l a t i n g t ot h e r a n ka n d
c h a r a c t e r w h i c h t h e y a s c r i b e t ot h e m oon
. A s Ih a v e b e f or e ob s e r v e d , i n BookV I
. C h a p t e r II . ,
t om e t h e y a r e i n d e e d a n y t h i n g b u t s a t i s f a c t or y
.
S h e i s r e p r e s e n t e d a s Is i s , t h e w i f e of O s i r i s ,
t h a t i s , of t h e s u n .
A n d i f s h e w e r e b a r e l y t h i s , a n d n ot h i n g m or e , w e m i g h t b e c on t e n t e d t o
c on s i d e r i t a s m e r e l y a n on s e n s i c a l l oc a l s u p e r s t i t i on , or p e r h a p s a f i g u r e of s p e e c h
. Bu t t h e m oon
w a s m a s c u l i n e a s w e l l a s f e m i n i n e .
T h i s r a i s e s a n a w kw a r d ob s t a c l e t oh i s b e i n g t h e w i f e of
O s i r i s .
A n d y e t O s i r i s i s s a i d t oe n t e r i n t ot h e m oon a n d i m p r e g n a t e h e r
.
O n t h e 1 7 t h of t h e
m on t h A t h y r , O s i r i s e n t e r e d i n t ot h e m oon
.
O n t h i s d a y N oa h e n t e r e d i n t ot h e a r k
. T h i s a l on e ,
i f e v e r y t h i n g e l s e w e r e w a n t i n g , w ou l d b e s u f f i c i e n t t op r ov e t h e i d e n t i t y of t h e t w om y t h os e s
.
In r e p l y t ow h a t Ih a v e j u s t ob s e r v e d a b ou t t h e m oon ' s b e i n g m a s c u l i n e , i t m a y b e s a i d , t h a t
t h i s on l y a r os e f r om t h e s u p e r s t i t i on s of d i f f e r e n t c ou n t r i e s
.
Bu t t h i s i s n ot s a t i s f a c t or y t om e ;
b e c a u s e Ia m c on v i n c e d t h a t t h e s y s t e m of t h e t r i n i t a r i a n n a t u r e of t h e f ou n d a t i on of t h e a n c i e n t
m y t h ol og y w h i c h t h e r e a d e r h a s s e e n , w i t h i t s m e t e m p s y c h os i s , i t s r e v ol v i n g c y c l e s , r e n e w a l of
w or l d s , a n d a b s t i n e n c e f r om a n i m a l f ood , p e r v a d e d a l l c ou n t r i e s
. A b e a u t i f u l a n d s u b l i m e s y s t e m
w a s t h e f ou n d a t i on of a l l t h e n on s e n s e w h i c h i g n or a n c e a n d s e l f i s h c r a f t a t l a s t e n g e n d e r e d , a n d
e n g r a f t e d u p on i t .
Ia m q u i t e c e r t a i n t h a t b y t h e w or d O , n 1 v
s m i m
i n G e n e s i s , t h e p l a n e t s w e r e m e a n t , a n d t h e y
w e r e a l w a y s c a l l e d t h e e r r a t i c s t a r s
.
S p e a ki n g of t h e s e , P or p h y r y m a ke s a m a r ke d d i s t i n c t i on
b e t w e e n t h e m a n d t h e m oon , f or t h e
p u r p os e s
of d i v i n a t i on .
H e s a y s , " In or d e r , t h e r e f or e , t o
"
e f f e c t t h i s , t h e y m a d e u s e of t h e G od s w i t h i n t h e h e a v e n s , b ot h t h e e r r a t i c a n d t h e n on - e r r a t i c ,
" of a l l of w h om i t i s r e q u i s i t e t oc on s i d e r t h e s u n a s t h e l e a d e r
: b u t t o r a n kt h e n oon i n t h e
" s e c on d p l a c e . " 1
2 . D r
. P r i t c h a r d ob s e r v e s of t h e m oon , "
T h e n a m e Is i s s e e m s on l y t oh a v e b e e n a p p l i e d t ot h e

m oon , i n t h e s a m e m a n n e r i n w h i c h V i r g i l g i v e s t h e a p p e l l a t i on of C e r e s t ot h a t c e l e s t i a l b od y
.
"
T h e g e n e r a l a c c e p t a t i on of b ot h t h e s e n a m e s i s m u c h m or e e x t e n s i v e
. " ? " P l u t a r c h g e n e r a l i s e s

a l l t h e a t t r i b u t e s or c h a r a c t e r s of Is i s , a n d c on s i d e r s h e r a s r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e f e m a l e q u a l i t i e s or
"
p ow e r s of n a t u r e , w h i c h a r e t h e p a s s i v e p r i n c i p l e s of g e n e r a t i on i n a l l p r od u c t i on s
; w h e n c e ( h e
s a y s )s h e i s c a l l e d , b y n a t u r e , t h e
n u r s e a n d t h e
a l l - r e c e i v i n g ,
a n d i s c om m on l y t e r m e d M y r i on y -
" t h u s or p os s e s s i n g t e n t h ou s a n d n a m e s
. 3
T h e s a m e i d e a i s m or e d i f f u s e l y e x p r e s s e d b y A p u -

l e i u s , i n a p a s s a g e i n w h i c h Is i s c a l l s h e r s e l f , `
N a t u r a , r e r u m p a r e n s , e l e m e n t or u m om n i u m d o-

` m i n a . " ' 4 A g a i n , G 0
O n t h e w h ol e , w e m a y c on c l u d e t h a t Is i s r e p r e s e n t e d t h e
4 0 u a i s 7 r a v a i o? os ,
t h e
n a t u r a m u l t i f or m i s , of t h e G r e e ka n d Rom a n m y t h ol og i s t s
. "
s
T h i s i s p r ov e d b y s e v e r a l
e n g r a v i n g s i n M on t f a u c on , w h e r e w e f i n d h e r w i t h t h e i n s c r i p t i on
4 ' u a i c a a v a w okoc
u n d e r h e r
f i g u r e , i n on e of w h i c h s h e m a y b e s e e n r i s i n g f r om t h e l ot u s
.
' D e A b s . T a y l or , Booki i .
P .
7 1 .

s
P r i t c h a r d , E g y p . M y t h , p . 1 3 2 .

3 P l u t . d e Is i d c , C a p . l i i i .
4 A p u l . L i b . x i . ; P r i t . i b . p . 1 3 3 .

s
Ib . p . 1 3 4
.
BookIX
. C h a p t e r V II
. S e c t i on 3

5 2 7
A f t e r t h i s , i n p
. 1 4 5 , D r
. P r i t c h a r d ob s e r v e s t h a t , a c c or d i n g t oA p u l e i u s , Is i s w a s c a l l e d i n
E g y p t t r i f or m i s or t h e t r i f or m
G od d e s s , a n d w a s w or s h i p e d b ot h a s a m a l i g n a n t a n d b e n i g n a n t
D e i t y
. H e r e w e h a v e m os t d i s t i n c t l y t h e In d i a n T r i n i t y , t h e c r e a t or , or p r e s e r v e r , a n d t h e d e s t r oy -
e r . T h e D oc t or w a r n s h i s r e a d e r t o
C C
b e w a r e i n m a ki n g r e s e a r c h e s i n t ot h e f i c t i on s of m y t h ol og y ,
C C
n ot t od i s c ov e r m or e w i s d om or m or e
c on t r i v a n c e t h a n e v e r r e a l l y e x i s t e d . " ' W e m u s t a l s o,
It h i n k, b e w a r e n ot t od i s c ov e r l e s s .
Bu t s u r e Ia m t h a t i f n ot h i n g m or e w a s t ob e d i s c ov e r e d
t h a n t h e u n c on n e c t e d c ol l e c t i on of s t a t e m e n t s ( n on s e n s i c a l e n ou g h i f t a ke n b y t h e m s e l v e s )on
w h i c h t h e l e a r n e d D oc t or h a s w a s t e d h i s t i m e , m u c h t oov a l u a b l e t ob e t h u s t h r ow n a w a y , t h e
p u r s u i t w ou l d b e of v e r y l i t t l e u s e . T h e D oc t or ob s e r v e s , t h a t i t i s s t r a n g e a n d a b s u r d t os u p p os e
( a s t h e d e v ot e e s d i d )t h a t t h e m oon e x e r c i s e s a n i n f l u e n c e ov e r w om e n i n c h i l d b i r t h
. T h i s i s a n
e x a m p l e of t h e m i s t a ke s of t h e m od e r n s
. It a r os e f r om m i s t a ki n g t h e m oon f or Is i s , t h e f e m a l e
g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r of n a t u r e . T h e m oon w a s on l y t h e p l a n e t d e d i c a t e d t oIs i s . Bu t t h e s u p p os i -
t i on t h a t t h e m oon i n f l u e n c e d w om e n , i s n ot m or e a b s u r d t h a n t os u p p os e t h a t i t i n f l u e n c e s
l u n a t i c s .
It c a n n ot b e d ou b t e d t h a t t h e w or d Is i s of t e n m e a n s t h e m oon
. Bu t w h a t i s t h e r e t h a t s h e d oe s
n ot m e a n ? J a b l on s ki s a y s ,
C C
P r a e t e r Is ID E M
c oe l e s t e m q u a e L u n a e s t , r e l i g i os e q u oq u e c ol e b a n t
C C
( . E g y p t i i )t e r r e s t r e m , i p s a m s c i l i c e t T e r r a i n , q u a e p r oi n d e
Is i D i s n om i n e d e s i g n a b a t u r . " 2 M a -
c r ob i u s s a y s , C C Is i s e s t v e l T e r r a
v e l N A T U RA RE RU M M s u b j a c e n s S ol i
. - Is i s n i h i l a l i u d e s t , q u a m
t e r r a , N A T U RA V E r e r u m . 3
V e r y t r u e - n a t u r a - v E r e r u m , e i t h e r on e or t h e ot h e r
. W h e n w e
r e a d of t h e m oon a s t h e w i f e of t h e s u n , a n d of t h e s u n e n t e r i n g i n t ot h e m oon a n d i m p r e g n a t i n g
h e r , t h e i r c on j u n c t i on , a t t h e b e g i n n i n g of e a c h n e w c y c l e , w a s p r ob a b l y a l l u d e d t o
. T h e p r od u c e
of t h e i r c on j u n c t i on w a s t h e n e w c y c l e - t h e r e n ov a t i on of n a t u r e
.
3
. P l u t a r c h s a y s , t h e m oon w a s c a l l e d M 7 - r i p
- r e x oop , a .
Bu t S e l e n e w a s t h e s a m e
a s C y b e l e , D a - M a t e r - i n f a c t , t h e G r e a t M ot h e r
. 4 C y b e l e w a s c a l l e d t h e Id e a n M ot h e r , or M ot h e r
Id a . T h i s i s t h e t i t l e of t h e m ot h e r of M e r u , c a l l e d Id a - v r a t t a or t h e c i r c l e of Id a . O n t h e
h i g h e s t p a r t of Id a w a s a G a r g a r u s or s t on e c i r c l e , c a l l e d , f r om t h e S a n s c r i t , C or - G h a r i . 5
T h e s u n w a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e m a l e , t h e m oon of t h e f e m a l e , g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r . T h e y a p p e a r
t ob e , a s t h e y a r e c a l l e d , t h e t w og r e a t e r l i g h t s , a n d f r om t h i s t h e m oon c a m e t ob e p e r p e t u a l l y
c on f ou n d e d , a s a n ob j e c t of a d or a t i on , w i t h t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r , a n d h e r c r e s c e n t w i t h
t h e O m p h a l os , t h e A r g h a , or t h e Ion i
. H e r c r e s c e n t , f r om i t s s h a p e , i n a v e r y p e c u l i a r m a n n e r
f a v ou r s t h e m i s t a ke - f or w e n e v e r s e e a h a l f m oon or a f u l l m oon . T h e e m b l e m b e c a m e t h e
ob j e c t of a d or a t i on ; t h e ob j e c t of t h e e m b l e m w a s of t e n f or g ot t e n . N ot h i n g of t h i s ki n d c ou l d s o
e a s i l y h a p p e n t ot h e s u n . Is i s , a s i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e m oon , i s s a i d t oh a v e a l l t h e a t t r i b u t e s of
t h e m ot h e r of G od . Ia p p r e h e n d t h a t , c h i e f l y a m on g t h e l a t e r E g y p t i a n s a n d G r e e ks , a f t e r t h e y
h a d l os t t h e m e a n i n g of t h e i r m y s t e r i e s , b y m i s t a ke t h e c r e s c e n t w a s t a ke n f or t h e A r g h a , w h i c h
h a d t h e f or m of a c r e s c e n t . Is i s , t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e L u n e t t e or
c r e s c e n t - s h a p e d A r g h a , w a s m i s t a ke n f or t h e c r e s c e n t - f or m e d m oon , t ow h om , a m on g a s t r ol og e r s ,
t h e s e c on d d a y of t h e w e e kor M on d a y w a s d e d i c a t e d . W h e n w e s e e t h e Be e v e or Bos or U r n s ,
c a l l e d T a u r u s , m a r ke d on t h e s i d e w i t h a L u n e t t e or L u n a r c r e s c e n t , t h i s , t h ou g h i n h on ou r of
Is i s , w a s n ot i n h on ou r of t h e m oon , b u t i n h on ou r of t h a t h i g h e r p r i n c i p l e , t h e p r i n c i p l e of g e n e -
r a t i on , w h e n c e t h e m oon h e r s e l f , a l on g w i t h a l l n a t u r e , p r oc e e d e d . T h e T h e b a or T i b e , r w
T b e ,
or C ow , w i t h a c r e s c e n t on h e r s i d e , w h i c h f ou n d e d T h e b e s , w a s n ot t h e m oon - b u t i t w a s t h a t
w h i c h t h e Ion i r e p r e s e n t e d . In t h i s m a n n e r , i n a l m os t i n n u m e r a b l e i n s t a n c e s , m i s t a ke s h a v e
P . 1 5 6
.

s
D e Is i d e , S e c t . i i i .

' W h i t e r , E t y m ol og i c u m U n i v . V ol . I. p . 2 6 5 .
4 Br y a n t , A n a l .
V ol . II . p . 4 4 2 .

F a b e r , A n a l . V ol . III . p p . 3 1 , 2 2 9 .
5 2 8
Is i s U n kn ow n t oG r e e ks a n d Rom a n s
a r i s e n
. Ir e p e a t , i t i s w or t h y of ob s e r v a t i on , t h a t w e n e v e r m e e t w i t h a h a l f m oon or a f u l l m oon
a s a n ob j e c t of a d or a t i on : i t i s a l w a y s a c r e s c e n t
; a l w a y s t h a t w h i c h w a s c a l l e d a n u m b i l i c u s , a t
D e l p h i , w h i c h a t t h a t p l a c e w a s of s t on e , of g r e a t s i z e , a s i t w a s a l s oi n E g y p t , a n d c a r r i e d b y
s e v e n t y - t w om e n , i n t h e i r s a c r e d p r oc e s s i on s - a n a v i s - b i p r or a
. If i t b e s a i d t h a t t h e m oon w a s
u s e d a s a n e m b l e m of t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r
; t h e n Ir e p l y , Iw i l l n ot d i s p u t e a b ou t a w or d
.
If t h e m oon , b y t h e l u n a r c r e s c e n t on t h e s i d e of t h e Bos , T h e b a , or l o, w a s m e a n t , i t w a s n ot s o
m e a n t a s a n h on ou r t ot h e m oon a s t h e m oon , b u t t oi t a s a n e m b l e m on l y
. A n d i f t h e s e d i s t i n c -
t i on s b e c a r e f u l l y a t t e n d e d t o, a l l t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s w i l l b e r e m ov e d
.
P l u t a r c h , a s s t a t e d a b ov e , s a y s , t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s c a l l e d t h e m oon t h e m ot h e r of t h e w or l d
.
S i r W i l l i a m D r u m m on d , a f t e r s h e w i n g t h a t t h e G r e e ks a n d Rom a n s d i d n ot u n d e r s t a n d t h e
E g y p t i a n m y t h ol og y , s a y s of P l u t a r c h , " T h i s a u t h or w ou l d h a v e a d h e r e d m or e e x a c t l y t ot h e
C E g y p t i a n m y t h ol og y , i f h e h a d w r i t t e n M i n e r v a or N e i t h a , i n s t e a d of t h e M oon , a n d P t h a h or
C 0 V u l c a n i n s t e a d of t h e S u n
. " t P r oc l u s m a ke s N e i t h a s a y , T h e f r u i t w h i c h Ih a v e b r ou g h t
f or t h i s t h e s u n
: 2 t h e n h ow c a n s h e b e t h e m oon ? N e i t h a w a s a l s od i v i n e w i s d om
.
4 . Bu t , a s Ih a v e s a i d b e f or e , t h e G r e e ks a n d Rom a n s kn e w a s l i t t l e of t h e r e a l or i e n t a l d oc -
t r i n e s , i n d e e d , Im a y s a y l e s s , t h a n w e d oa t t h i s d a y , t h e r e f or e i t i s n ot s u r p r i s i n g t of i n d t h e m
m a ki n g m i s t a ke s . T h u s P l u t a r c h s a y s , t h a t t h e E g y p t i a n s t a t u e s of O s i r i s h a d t h e p h a l l u s t o
s i g n i f y h i s p r oc r e a t i v e a n d p r ol i f i c p ow e r : IIa v r a x ou l e m a t a v 9 p a n r op
. og ov O T I~ Ia os a y a % u a
3 e t x v u ou ow v , e ~ op 9 t a 4 , ov T c w a t b ot c o, S t a T oy ov t ~ L ov m a t T p o~ t ov
. 3 T h e e x t e n s i on of w h i c h ,
t h r ou g h t h e t h r e e e l e m e n t s of a i r , e a r t h , a n d w a t e r , t h e y e x p r e s s e d b y a n ot h e r ki n d of s t a t u e ,
w h i c h w a s oc c a s i on a l l y c a r r i e d i n p r oc e s s i on , h a v i n g a t r i p l e s y m b ol of t h e s a m e a t t r i b u t e
A y z a i r p or s O e v r a t m a t i r e ? i c e p ou 6 : v , ou T oa s &ot ov T g t 7 r % a a t ov 6 5 - 1 y
. 4

F r om t h e s e a n d
ot h e r e x p r e s s i on s of t h e s a m e ki n d , Ic on c l u d e w i t h S i r - W i l l i a m D r u m m on d , t h a t P l u t a r c h h a d n o
i d e a of t h e r e a l s u b l i m e n a t u r e of t h e or i e n t a l a n d or i g i n a l T r i n i t y , or i f h e kn e w i t , h e d i d n ot
c h oos e t od i s c l os e i t .
A p u l e i u s c a l l s Is i s QU E E N , t h e G r e e kw or d f or w h i c h i s Ba 6 t ? e t a
. D i od or u s S i c u l u s 5 i n f or m s
u s t h a t U r a n u s a n d T i t e a h a d t w od a u g h t e r s , on e c a l l e d Ba s i l e a . H e s a y s , L Ba s i l e a b e i n g t h e
G Qe l d e s t , b r ou g h t u p h e r b r ot h e r s w i t h t h e c a r e a n d a f f e c t i on of a m ot h e r , w h e n c e s h e w a s c a l l e d
~ ~ t h e G RE A T M O T H E R
. " S h e m a r r i e d H y p e r i on , on e of h e r b r ot h e r s , b y w h om s h e h a d H e l i oa n d
S e l e n e . H e r ot h e r b r ot h e r s a s s a s s i n a t e d H y p e r i on , a n d d r ow n e d H e l i o, t h e n a t e n d e r i n f a n t , i n
E r i d a n u s . H e t h e n s h e w s h ow C y b e l e , w h ow a s d e s c e n d e d f r om Ba s i l e a , w a s c a l l e d M ot h e r of t h e
M ou n t , a n d j oi n e d Ba c c h u s a t N y s a . 6 T h e In d i a n m y t h os of Ba c c h u s , M ou n t M e r u , &c
. , &c . , i s
e v i d e n t i n a l l t h i s , - a t r a d i t i on of t h e t r u e m e a n i n g of w h i c h D i od or u s w a s p r ob a b l y p e r f e c t l y
i g n or a n t . T h e w h ol e w a s t a ke n f r om t h e E a s t , a n d l oc a t e d i n a p a r t of P h r y g i a
. T
T h e f a m ou s i n s c r i p t i on on t h e T e m p l e of Is i s , q u ot e d a t l e n g t h i n BookV I
. C h a p t e r II
. S e c t . 8 ,
p r ov e s t h a t Is i s w a s n ot t h e m oon , a n d t h a t , i n f a c t , t h e m oon w a s on l y a p l a n e t d e d i c a t e d t ot h e
G od d e s s . In a d d i t i on t ot h e e v i d e n c e a f f or d e d b y t h a t i n s c r i p t i on , w e l e a r n f r om P r oc l u s , t h a t i t
h a d or i g i n a l l y t h e f ol l ow i n g w or d s , ov s 7 c u x a p r ov E T e x ov , r A t os e y e v E T O , t h a t i s , 1 1 T h e f r u i t
w h i c h Ih a v e b r ou g h t f or t h i s t h e S u n
; " t h e s a m e a s N e i t h a
. Is h ou l d t h i n kt h i s a t on c e p r ov e s
t h a t Is i s c a n n ot b e t h e E a r t h or t h e M oon . H ow c a n a n y i m a g i n a t i on i n v e n t a m y t h os , a l l e g or y ,
or h i s t or y , w h i c h s h a l l m a ke t h e s u n t h e p r od u c e of e i t h e r of t h e s e b od i e s ?
C l a s s . J ou r n . N oXL L

Y Ib i d
.

3 D e Is
. e t O s i r .

4 Ib i d
. p . 3 6 5 .
5 L i b
. i i i
. C a p , i v
.

s P
. 2 0 1
.
7 V i d e L e m p r i e r e
; a l s oD r u m m on d on a P u n i c In s c r i p t i on , p p
. 8 6 - 8 8 .
BookIX. C h a p t e r V II
. S e c t i on 6

5 2 9
5
. A l t h ou g h w h a t Ih a v e s t a t e d m a y b e s u f f i c i e n t t op r ov e t h a t t h e c on s i d e r a t i on of t h e m oon ,
a s t h e w i f e of O s i r i s a n d t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p r i n c i p l e , m u s t h a v e b e e n , c om p a r a t i v e l y s p e a ki n g ,
of m od e r n d a t e , y e t It h i n kt h e or i g i n of t h e C r e s c e n t , a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e
p ow e r , m a y b e f ou n d i n a n ot h e r q u a r t e r
. T h e C r e s c e n t i s n om or e a p p l i c a b l e t ot h e m oon , t h a n
t h e c i r c l e or s e m i c i r c l e ; n or , i n d e e d , s om u c h
. Bu t i f t h e a n c i e n t s kn e w t h e n a t u r e of t h e p l a n e t
V e n u s , t h e A l m a V e n u s , t h e M ot h e r - w e h a v e a r e a s on f or t h e a d op t i on of t h e C r e s c e n t
. S h e i s
a l w a y s g i b b ou s , a l w a y s a
c r e s c e n t .
T h i s t h e y w ou l d kn ow , i f t h e y h a d t h e t e l e s c op e : b u t Ih a v e
b e e n t ol d t h a t t h e r e a r e s om e p e r s on s , i n v e r y c l e a r n or t h e r n or i e n t a l c l i m a t e s , w h oc a n d i s t i n -
g u i s h h e r g i b b ou s f or m w i t h t h e n a ke d e y e
. H e r e , t h e n , It h i n kw e h a v e t h e r e a s on w h y w e
a l w a y s s e e t h e C r e s c e n t a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r
. A n d h e n c e , w h e n t h e
m e a n i n g of i t w a s q u i t e l os t i n t h e W e s t e r n c ou n t r i e s , t h e i g n or a n t d e v ot e e s c on v e r t e d t h e L u n u s ,
b e c a u s e i t w a s s om e t i m e s g i b b ou s , i n t ot h e f e m a l e L u n a .
6
. A m on g a l l n a t i on s , a n d f r om t h e v e r y e a r l i e s t p e r i od , w a t e r h a s b e e n u s e d a s a s p e c i e s of
r e l i g i ou s s a c r a m e n t . T h i s , l i ke m os t of t h e ot h e r r i t e s of t h e a n c i e n t s w h e n e x a m i n e d t ot h e
b ot t om , t u r n s ou t t ob e f ou n d e d on v e r y r e c on d i t e a n d p h i l os op h i c a l p r i n c i p l e s , e q u a l l y c om m on
i n a l l c ou n t r i e s
. W e h a v e s e e n t h a t t h e s u n , l i g h t , or f i r e , w a s t h e f i r s t p r e s e r v e r , a t t h e s a m e
t i m e t h a t h e w a s t h e c r e a t or a n d t h e d e s t r oy e r
. Bu t t h ou g h h e w a s t h e p r e s e r v e r a n d t h e r e g e n e -
r a t or , i t i s e v i d e n t t h a t h e a l on e , w i t h ou t a n a s s i s t a n t e l e m e n t , c ou l d r e g e n e r a t e n ot h i n g , t h ou g h
t h a t e l e m e n t i t s e l f w a s i n d e b t e d t oh i m f or i t s e x i s t e n c e
. T h a t e l e m e n t w a s w a t e r
. W a t e r w a s
t h e a g e n t b y m e a n s of w h i c h e v e r y t h i n g w a s r e g e n e r a t e d or b or n a g a i n
. W a t e r w a s i n a p e c u l i a r
m a n n e r t h e a g e n t of t h e s u n :
w i t h ou t t h e S u n , e i t h e r a s l i g h t , h e a t , or f i r e , w a t e r w ou l d b e a n
a d a m a n t i n e m a s s
. W i t h ou t w a t e r , t h e p ow e r of t h e s u n w ou l d p r od u c e n ol i v i n g e x i s t e n c e ,
a n i m a l or v e g e t a b l e
. H e n c e , i n a l l n a t i on s , w e f i n d t h e E g w s ,
t h e D ov e , or D i v i n e L ov e ,
op e r a t i n g b y m e a n s of i t s a g e n t w a t e r , a n d a l l n a t i on s u s i n g t h e c e r e m on y of p l u n g i n g , or , a s w e
c a l l i t , b a p t i z i n g f or t h e r e m i s s i on of s i n s , t oi n t r od u c e t h e h i e r op h a n t t o
a r e g e n e r a t i on , t oa n e w
b i r t h u n t or i g h t e ou s n e s s
. In l i ke m a n n e r , i n a l m os t a l l n a t i on s w e f i n d s a c r e d r i v e r s
. T h e p r i e s t s
of a l l c ou n t r i e s w i s h e d t oh a v e t h e r i v e r w h i c h r u n t h r ou g h t h e i r t e r r i t or y s a c r e d
;
f r om t h i s i t i s
t h a t w e f i n d s om a n y r i v e r s d e d i c a t e d t ot h e s u n , a n d c a l l e d i n t h e d i f f e r e n t l a n g u a g e s b y a n a m e
a n s w e r i n g t ot h e w or d s u n
. A t p r e s e n t Is h a l l n ot p a r t i c u l a r i z e t h e m :
t h e y m u s t b e i n t h e
r e m e m b r a n c e of e v e r y r e a d e r - t h e G a n g e s , t h e N i l e , t h e P o,
&c . , . &c .
T h i s i s t h e or i g i n of t h e
d i f f e r e n t b a p t i z i n g s or b a p t i s m s of t h e f ol l ow e r s of M i t h r a a n d of C h r i s t
. T h e G r e e kw or d
Boor r s w
m e a n s t op l u n g e i n t oa n y t h i n g , or b e i m m e r s e d i n a n y t h i n g , n ot
t o
s p r i n kl e m e r e l y
w i t h w a t e r
. F r om t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s a r os e t h e c u s t om i n t h e i r c e r e m on i e s of c on s t a n t l y b a p t i z i n g
t h e Ion i a n d L i n g a w i t h w a t e r
. A n d i t i s on t h e s a m e p r i n c i p l e t h a t , w h e n i n a s t a t e of u n i on ,
t h e y g e n e r a l l y f l oa t on t h e w a t e r i n t h e A r g a
. S om e t i m e s a n a r t i f i c i a l f ou n t a i n i s c on t r i v e d t o
t h r ow w a t e r u p on t h e m , a s m a y b e s e e n i n t w oe x e m p l a r s i n t h e In d i a - H ou s e
.
M e r u , w i t h i t s c on c e n t r i c c i r c l e s of l a n d a n d w a t e r , s u r r ou n d e d b y t h e oc e a n , i s a n e m b l e m of
t h e c r e a t i n g a n d d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r s
. W h e n t h i s s y s t e m w a s e s t a b l i s h e d , t h e n or t h - p ol e w a s
b e l i e v e d or f e i g n e d t ob e s u r r ou n d e d w i t h s e v e n d w i p a s or c on c e n t r i c c i r c l e s , t h e l a s t s u r r ou n d e d
b y t h e oc e a n
. A l l t h i s , i n l a t e r t i m e s , w a s a n e m b l e m of t h e s u n s u r r ou n d e d w i t h t h e p l a n e t s
;
b u t p r ob a b l y i t f i r s t a r os e f r om t h e b e l i e f t h a t t h e e a r t h w a s t h e c e n t r e , t h e n or t h - p ol e a r i s i n g i n
t h e m i d d l e of i t , a n d t h e p l a n e t s r e v ol v i n g a r ou n d i t .
F i r e a n d w a t e r a r e b e a u t i f u l l y e m b l e m a t i c a l of t h e c r e a t i n g a n d d e s t r oy i n g p ow e r s of n a t u r e
.
W a t e r i s t h e op p on e n t a n d d e s t r oy e r of i t s c r e a t or , f i r e
. In t u r n f i r e e v a p or a t e s a n d d e s t r oy s
w a t e r
. Y e t f i r e , a s a l r e a d y i n t i m a t e d , i s t h e f or m e r of w a t e r , f r om t h e i c y a d a m a n t i n e b l oc k, i t s
n a t u r a l s t a t e
. W i t h ou t w a t e r , f i r e w i t h a l l i t s c r e a t i n g p ow e r s c a n p r od u c e n ot h i n g
. T h u s t h e y a r e
d e s t r oy e r s a n d c r e a t or s i n a l t e r n a t e s u c c e s s i on
. H e n c e , f r om n ot d i s t i n g u i s h i n g b e t w e e n t h e f i r s t
5 : 3 0

Ic e . P a y e e
K n i g h t ' s E x p l a n a t i on
of It s N a m e
f i n e p r i n c i p l e a n d i t s e m b l e m , t h e w a t e r , f i r e , a n d e a r t h , h a v e b e e n t a ke n f or t h e or i g i n a l ob j e c t s
of a d or a t i on .
T h e a b s ol u t e n e c e s s i t y of t h e p r e s e n c e of w a t e r w i t h t h e s ol a r r a y , t op r od u c e f r u c t i f i c a t i on , i s
ob v i ou s
. T h e a p p a r e n t e f f e c t of t h e m oon i n p r od u c i n g d e w a n d w a t e r , a n d i t s c on n e x i on w i t h
t h e t i d e s , w e r e p r ob a b l y on e c a u s e of i t s b e i n g f e i g n e d t ob e t h e s p ou s e of t h e s u n , a n d a l s oof i t s
d e d i c a t i on t ot h e f e m a l e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r , or Is i s
. A s t h e s e c on d of t h e p l a n e t s t h e m oon w a s
t h u s f e i g n e d t ob e t h e w i f e of t h e s u n
. J oi n t l y t h e y p r od u c e d ; w i t h ou t h e r , a s w a t e r , t h e s u n
p r od u c e d n ot h i n g
.
7
. H a v i n g s e e n t h e c l os e c on n e x i on b e t w e e n t h e c r e a t i n g , t h e p r e s e r v i n g , a n d t h e d e s t r oy i n g
p ow e r s , w e s h a l l n ot b e s u r p r i s e d t of i n d t h a t t h e m y s t i c a l b a p t i s m e x t e n d e d t ot h e m a l l .
T h u s t h e r e w e r e b a p t i s m s b y w a t e r , b y f i r e , a n d b y a i r
. T h e b a p t i s m b y a i r i s i n p e r f e c t ke e p i n g
w i t h t h e b a p t i s m b y f i r e a n d w a t e r
. W e h a v e b e f or e s e e n t h a t a i r , t h e b r e a t h or s p i r i t of G od ,
t h e A IRIN
M O T IO N , t h e
a y i ov a v e u a , t h e m 7
t v ' l p
q d i s r u b , or H ol y G h os t , w a s e m b l e m a t i c a l
of t h e r e g e n e r a t i v e p ow e r - t h e s p i r i t of G od b r ood i n g ( a s Bi s h op P a t r i c ks a y s )on t h e f a c e of t h e
w a t e r s
. A l l t h e t h r e e a r e f ou n d , b ot h i n t h e d oc t r i n e s of t h e G e n t i l e s ,
I
a n d i n t h e s e c r e t d oc t r i n e s
of t h e g os p e l of J e s u s . J oh n s a y s ,
H e s h a l l b a p t i z e y ou w i t h t h e H ol y G h os t a n d w i t h f i r e . 2
W h e n J e s u s w a s p l u n g e d i n t h e J or d a n , or t h e r i v e r of t h e s u n , a s Is h a l l p r e s e n t l y p r ov e i t t o
h a v e b e e n c a l l e d , D i v i n e L ov e d e s c e n d e d u p on h i m i n t h e f or m of a d ov e , a n d a f i r e w a s ki n d l e d
i n t h e w a t e r
. 3 A l l t h i s w i l l b e c a l l e d m y s t i c a l .
In d e e d , i t w i l l b e
t r u l y s o c a l l e d . Bu t i t i s a n
i n t e l l i g i b l e m y s t i c i s m , e a s y t ob e u n d e r s t ood b y t h os e w h og i v e t h e i r m i n d s t oi t . It c on t a i n s
n ot h i n g a b ov e or b e y on d t h e g r a s p of t h e h u m a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g
.
It i s f ou n d e d u p on p r i n c i p l e s of
s ou n d p h i l os op h y a n d t r u t h . It i s n os m a l l p r oof of t h e g ood s e n s e a n d s ou n d p h i l os op h y of t h e
p r of e s s or s of t h e Bu d d h i s t r e l i g i on , t h a t w h e n t h e y c om e t ot h e b ou n d a r y l i n e b e y on d w h i c h
t h e y c a n n ot g o, t h e y s t op a n d c a l l i t i l l u s i on . T h e v e r y i d e a of i l l u s i on , t h u s u s e d , i s b e a u t i f u l
.
A n d n ow w e b e g i n t oh a v e a d i s t a n t y e t ob s c u r e v i e w of a n u n i v e r s a l s y s t e m of p h i l os op h y a n d
t r u t h , c on n e c t e d , b y t h i s b a p t i s m a l c e r e m on y , w i t h t h e r e l i g i on of J e s u s - a r e a l l y u n i v e r s a l s y s -
t e m
; a n d , p e r h a p s , i n t h e e n d , w e m a y f i n d , t h a t t h e f ol l ow e r s of t h e P op e h a v e a b e t t e r r e a s on ,
i f t h e y c h os e t og i v e i t , f or t h e i r a s s u m p t i on of t h e n a m e of C a t h ol i c , t h a n t h e r i d i c u l ou s on e
w h i c h t h e y g e n e r a l l y a s s i g n , v i z . t h e u n i v e r s a l d i s s e m i n a t i on of t h e i r c h u r c h :
a n a s s u m p t i on , i n
t h e s e n s e i n w h i c h i t i s r e c e i v e d b y t h e i r f ol l ow e r s , f a l s e a n d a b s u r d .
If e a r m y r e a d e r w i l l t h i n kIh a v e g on e t os ou r c e s s u f f i c i e n t l y r e c on d i t e a n d a b s t r u s e f or m y
d oc t r i n e s , b u t Im u s t y e t t a ke h i m a l i t t l e f a r t h e r
.
Bu f f on a n d Ba i l l y h a v e b e e n m os t u n m e r -
c i f u l l y r i d i c u l e d a n d g r os s l y m i s r e p r e s e n t e d , ( b y t h os e w h oou g h t , c on s i s t e n t l y w i t h t h e i r p r e -
t e n d e d g r e a t p i e t y , t oh a v e a c t e d ot h e r w i s e , )f or g oi n g t oa h i g h l a t i t u d e f or t h e b i r t h p l a c e or
or i g i n of m a n . Bu t a t t h e r i s kof b e i n g r i d i c u l e d l i ke t h e m , Im u s t g ot h i t h e r f or t h e or i g i n of
m y d oc t r i n e
.
A m on g a p e op l e r e s i d i n g u n d e r a v e r t i c a l , or a n i n t e n s e l y h ot s u n , w e a r e a p t t o
f or g e t t h a t c ol d m u s t b e a s g r e a t a l u x u r y a s h e a t i s t ou s
; t h a t t h e i r s e a s on of h a p p i n e s s , of
h e a l t h , of c om f or t , i s t h e w i n t e r ,
n ot , l i ke ou r s , t h e
s u m m e r . It s h ou l d b e r e c ol l e c t e d t h a t , d u r i n g
t h e s u m m e r , i n E g y p t a n d i n In d i a , t h e c ou n t r y i s c ov e r e d w i t h w a t e r - i n w i n t e r w i t h v e g e t a t i on
.
F or t h e s e r e a s on s t h e i n h a b i t a n t s of t h os e c ou n t r i e s w ou l d n ot h a v e t h e s a m e ob j e c t i on s t oc ol d ,
or t oa n y t h i n g c on n e c t e d w i t h i t , w h i c h w e h a v e .
T h e r e a d e r h a s s e e n t h a t Ih a v e d e r i v e d t h e
n a m e of Is i s f r om t h e H e b r e w
y w '
i s oa n d t h e G r e e k
c ow
t os a v e ; a n d It h i n kt h i s v e r y p r ob a b l e
:
b u t M r . P a y n e K n i g h t , f i r s t p r e m i s i n g t h a t h e t h i n ks t h e
l oof t h e S y r i a n s t ob e t h e s a m e a s , Is i s , s a y s ,
" H e r n a m e s e e m s t oh a v e c om e f r om t h e n or t h :
t h e r e i s n oob v i ou s e t y m ol og y f or i t i n t h e G r e e k
' N i m r od , V ol . I . p . 1 1 9 .

1 L u ke i i i . 1 6 .

3 J u s t i n a g a i n s t A p i on
. '
BookIX. C h a p t e r V II
. S e c t i on 8
5 3 1
" t on g u e :
b u t i n t h e a n c i e n t G ot h i c a n d S c a n d i n a v i a n , l oa n d G i o s i g n i f y t h e e a r t h
: a s Is i a n d
" Is a
s i g n i f i e d Ic e , or w a t e r i n i t s p r i m or d i a l s t a t e : a n d b ot h w e r e e q u a l l y t i t l e s of t h e G od d e s s
"
t h a t r e p r e s e n t e d t h e p r od u c t i v e a n d n u t r i t i v e p ow e r of t h e e a r t h : a n d , t h e r e f or e , m a y a f f or d a
"
m or e p r ob a b l e e t y m ol og y f or t h e n a m e Is i s , t h a n a n y t h a t h a s h i t h e r t ob e e n g i v e n . " 1 I g i v e
n oop i n i on on M r
. K n i g h t ' s t h e or y ; b u t b e f or e m y r e a d e r d e c i d e s a g a i n s t h i m , Ib e g h i m t o
r e c ol l e c t t h a t w a t e r w a s c on s i d e r e d a s t h e e m b l e m of t h e p a s s i v e p r i n c i p l e , i n op p os i t i on t of i r e ,
t h e a c t i v e p r i n c i p l e ; t h a t w a t e r , i n a p u r e r
s t a t e , i s a c t u a l l y Ic e , t h e e m b l e m of t h e p a s s i v e p r i n -
c i p l e : w h e n c om p ou n d e d w i t h f i r e , t h e a c t i v e p r i n c i p l e , i t i s t h e e m b l e m of t h e t w o- t h e r e g e -
n a t or - t h e L i n g a a n d Ion i - t h e Is a a n d Is i , f r om V v
i s o t os a v e ;
a n d , b y t h e w a t e r of b a p t i s m ,
t ob e s a v e d .
Is h ou l d t h i n kt h i s r i d i c u l ou s l y a b s t r u s e i f Id i d n ot kn ow t h a t n ot h i n g c a n b e t oo
a b s t r u s e f or t h e p h i l os op h e r s of In d i a a n d E g y p t . O n t h i s s u b j e c t Is h a l l h a v e m u c h m or e t os a y
w h e n It r e a t of t h e C h r i s t i a n b a p t i s m .
It h i n kn oon e w i l l d e n y , t h a t t h e e x p l a n a t i on of M r . K n i g h t i s i n g e n i ou s a n d p r ob a b l e
; b u t
h ow i s t h i s t ob e r e c on c i l e d w i t h t h e t h e or y s t a t e d i n Book1 . C h a p t e r II . S e c t
. 1 , t h a t Is i s w a s
t h e Bon a D e a or M ot h e r of t h e G od s , a n d w i t h t h e s t a t e m e n t l a t e l y m a d e t h a t h e r n a m e w a s
d e r i v e d f r om t h e H e b r e w w or d y w '
i s o t os a v e , or t h e G r e e kw or d Y , w c u ?
A r e t h e r e t ob e t w o
d e r i v a t i on s t ot h e w or d Is i s ?
In BookI . , c i t e d a b ov e , Ih a v e s h e w n t h a t t h e s u n c a m e t ob e
c on s i d e r e d t h e S a v i ou r , i n c on s e q u e n c e of t h e m od e i n w h i c h h e a p p e a r s t op r e s e r v e a n d r e n ov a t e
t h e f a c e of n a t u r e . N ow , i f w e c on s i d e r a l i t t l e , w e s h a l l f i n d t h a t w i t h ou t t h e a s s i s t a n c e of w a t e r
i n t h e f or m of r a i n or d e w h e c a n p r od u c e n ot h i n g
:
h e n c e t h e n a m e of h i s w i f e , Is i s , c a m e t ob e
a p p l i e d t ow a t e r .
In In d i a Is - w a r a a n d Is a , or Br a h m a a n d S a r a - i s w a t i , i n E g y p t O s i r i s a n d Is i s
.
O s i - r i s w a s of t e n w r i t t e n Is i - r i s ;
a n d P l u t a r c h s a y s a l s o, U s i r i s a n d A s i r i s
. 2 T h i s s h e w s t h a t
t h e t w ow or d s a r e on l y t h e s a m e i n t h e d i f f e r e n t g e n d e r s
.
In n u m e r ou s E g y p t i a n m on u m e n t s w e
s e e Is i s s e a t e d on , or r i s i n g f r om , t h e l ot os or w a t e r l i l y , a s i n m y p l a t e s , f i g . 1 0 .
8
. W e a l l kn ow , i n d e p e n d e n t l y of t h e or y , t h a t a g e n e r a l b e l i e f p r e v a i l s i n t h e w or l d , t h a t t h e
m oon e x e r c i s e s a n i n f l u e n c e on t h e w e a t h e r , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n r e s p e c t t ot h e p r od u c t i on of r a i n
.
F r om t h i s b e l i e f m i g h t s h e n ot c om e t ob e c on s i d e r e d a s p r e s i d i n g ov e r w a t e r , t ob e c a l l e d b y t h e
n a m e of t h e s a v i ou r Is i s , t ob e c on v e r t e d i n t oa f e m a l e , a n d m a d e t h e w i f e of Is w a r a , or O s i r i s
;
a n d w a t e r , w h e n e n t i r e l y b y i t s e l f , f r e e f r om s ol a r i n f l u e n c e or i n i t s c on g e a l e d s h a p e , t ob e c a l l e d
Ic e ?
T h i s s e e m s
t o
h a v e b e e n c om p a r a t i v e l y s p e a ki n g a m od e r n r e f i n e m e n t , a s w e f i n d t h e m oon i n
T a r t a r y , i n In d i a w i t h t h e Ra j p oot s , 3 i n A r a b i a , i n E g y p t , i n G e r m a n y , a n d i n E t r u r i a , t oh a v e
or i g i n a l l y b e e n of t h e m a s c u l i n e g e n d e r
.
H e r e w e s e e w h y s h e w a s c a l l e d H e l e n a a n d T h e b a , a n d
w h y s h e i s e v e r y w h e r e c on n e c t e d w i t h t h e g e n e r a t i v e p r i n c i p l e .
In h e r l u n e t t e f or m s h e i s
p e c u l i a r l y c a l c u l a t e d t or e p r e s e n t t h e A r g a , or v e h i c l e , or m e d i u m i n w h i c h t h e g e r m of a n i m a t e d
n a t u r e w a s c a r r i e d , t h e u n i t e d L i n g a a n d Y on L In t h e p r a y e r of t h e P e r s i a n s t ot h e G od T a u r u s ,
w a t e r i s a l s oi n v oke d , j oi n e d w i t h h i m b y t h e n a m e of r a i n , w h i c h s e e m s t ob e i n t r od u c e d i n a n
a w kw a r d w a y , b u t w h i c h i s t h u s a c c ou n t e d f or . It h i n kt h e r e c a n b e n od ou b t t h a t i f P l a t oe v e r
t a u g h t , t h a t t h e t r i n i t y of O r p h e u s or Zor oa s t e r c on s i s t e d of t h e s u n , t h e m oon , a n d t h e e a r t h , i t
m u s t h a v e b e e n t oc on c e a l t h e h i g h e r t h e or y f r om p u b l i c v i e w .
A s w e h a v e t h e or i g i n of t h e w or d
Ic e i n Is i s , s o, i n s i m i l a r m a n n e r , w e h a v e t h e or i g i n of t h e n a m e of w a t e r i n t h e Is - w a t i or
Is -
w a r a , Is e - i w i a r t of l ow ; ' i - i w - w ' i s - i a r - d i .
Is i t p os s i b l e t h a t t h e w or d S a r a h m a y b e f ou n d i n t h e G r e e kw or d , P a p a
l a u g h t e r ? S h e w a s
t h e m ot h e r of Is a a c , w h i c h n a m e C r u d e n s a y s m e a n s
l a u g h t e r , a n d t h a t h e w a s s oc a l l e d f r om h i s
m ot h e r ' s l a u g h i n g .
Be f or e Ic on c l u d e , Ih a v e n od ou b t Is h a l l p r ov e t h a t t h e r e i s n oi n s t a n c e i n
P a y n e K n i g h t on S y m b . L a n g . of
A n c . M y t h . S
. 5 4 .

2
E d . S q u i r e .

3 T od , H i s t . Ra j . p . 5 3 8 .
5 3 2
Ri v e r s of S a m e N a m e
w h i c h t h e n a m e of a G od or G od d e s s , w h e n u n c or r u p t e d , i s w i t h ou t s om e m e a n i n g
;
or w h oh a d
n ot h i s or h e r n a m e g i v e n f or a s p e c i f i c r e a s on
.
Ia p p r e h e n d t h e w or d IS t ob e a w or d of t h e m os t a n c i e n t l a n g u a g e : i n E n g l i s h
i s , i n H e b r e w
t v '
i s .
It m e a n s e x i s t e n s or p e r h a p s h y p os t a s i s
. A s e x i s t e n s , i t m e a n t s e l f - e x i s t e n t or t h e f or m a -
t i v e p ow e r ;
a n d a s t h i s p ow e r or c r e a t or w a s t h e p r e s e r v e r , t h e w or d s y t v '
i s o t h e s a v i ou r , a n d
Is i s , c a m e t ob e f or m e d f r om i t
.
In t h e H e b r e w l a n g u a g e i t h a s e x a c t l y t h e s a m e m e a n i n g i t h a s
i n E n g l i s h
.
It i s a l s of ou n d - i n t h e M e x i c a n l a n g u a g e , w h i c h b e s p e a ks i t s g r e a t a n t i q u i t y . T h e
M e x i c a n s , t om a r kt h e t i m e of t h e d a y , p oi n t t ot h e s u n , a n d s a y ,
Is T e ot t , t h e r e G od w i l l h e
. 1
Bu t t h e e x p r e s s i on m a n i f e s t l y m e a n s ( t h e r e )i s G od - T e ot t m e a n i n g G od . 2 M r
. C r a w f u r d e v i -
d e n t l y a d op t e d a n i n c or r e c t m od e of e x p r e s s i on , t oi n d u l g e h i s ( p a r d on a b l e b e c a u s e n ot i l l - m e a n -
i n g )p r e j u d i c e a g a i n s t t h e E n g l i s h e x p r e s s i on or l a n g u a g e i n M e x i c o
. Bu t t h i s ki n d of p r e j u d i c e
h a s b e e n . e x c e e d i n g l y d e t r i m e n t a l t ot h e d i s c ov e r y of t h e t r u t h .
H e r e w e h a v e t h e E n g l i s h w or d ,
i n s ou n d , i n s e n s e , a n d e v e n i n l e t t e r s
. - In a f or m e r s e c t i on Is a i d t h a t Is h ou l d e x p l a i n t h e w or d
E r i d a n u s .
H a v i n g s h e w n t h e i m p or t a n c e of w a t e r i n t h e m y s t e r i e s of t h e a n c i e n t s , Is h a l l n ow
p e r f or m m y p r om i s e , a n d i t w i l l b e s e e n t h a t t h e m e a n i n g of t h e n a m e of t h i s r i v e r i s c l os e l y c on -
n e c t e d w i t h t h e s a c r e d c h a r a c t e r of w a t e r .
It i s f or t h i s r e a s on t h a t Ih a v e m a d e s om e ob s e r v a -
t i on s u p on t h e b a p t i s m of t h e a n c i e n t s , w h i c h w ou l d ot h e r w i s e h a v e b e e n b e t t e r d e l a y e d t i l l I
t r e a t e d of t h e C h r i s t i a n b a p t i s m .
C H A P T E RV III
Ri v e r s of s a m e N a m e - J or d a n - V a r i ou s Ri v e r s c a l l e d D on - D on c a s t e r , &c . -
P h i l i s t i n e s or P a l l i
.
1 . A
L E A RN E D f r i e n d h a s ob s e r v e d t ot h e a u t h or , t h a t , i n h i s op i n i on , a l l n a m e s of r i v e r s a n d of
p l a c e s h a v e t a ke n t h e i r or i g i n f r om a c c i d e n t a l l oc a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s , a r i s i n g i n t h e v e r y e a r l i e s t
s t a g e s of s oc i e t y ; t h a t t h e m a n w h ol l y or h a l f s a v a g e , f or i n s t a n c e , w h oh a p p e n e d t or a m b l e t o
t h e c on f l u e n c e of t h e Rh on e a n d A r v e , w ou l d n ot t h i n kof d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e Rh on e f r om t h e
A r v e b y c a l l i n g on e of t h e m t h e r i v e r of t h e s u n ; b u t w ou l d m os t l i ke l y c a l l on e t h e b l u e r i v e r ,
a n d t h e ot h e r t h e m u d d y r i v e r , n a m e s a r i s i n g ou t of t h e i r a c c i d e n t a l p e c u l i a r i t i e s ; t h a t t h e g i v i n g
s u c h a n a m e a s t h e s u n , i s m u c h t ooa r t i f i c i a l a n d r e f i n e d a m ot i v e f or t h e h a l f s a v a g e , w h om u s t
h a v e g i v e n t h e f i r s t n a m e s t or i v e r s a n d p l a c e s
. T h i s r e m a r ks e e m s r e a s on a b l e e n ou g h i n m a n y
c a s e s ; b u t i t d oe s n ot a p p l y w h e r e c ol on i e s a r e s e t t l e d b y c i v i l i z e d n a t i on s , a s e v e r y d a y ' s e x p e -
r i e n c e i n t h e A m e r i c a s , N e w H ol l a n d , &c . , p r ov e s . T h a t r i v e r s h a v e b e e n c a l l e d r i v e r s of t h e s u n
c a n n ot b e d ou b t e d , a s t h e N i l e p r ov e s . T h i s w a s f i r s t c a l l e d S i r a f t e r t h e n a m e of t h e s u n , a n d
G r e e c i z e d i n t oO s i r i s .
W h e n If i n d w i d e l y - s e p a r a t e d c ou n t r i e s , t ow n s , a n d r i v e r s , c a l l e d b y t h e s a m e n a m e s , Ic a n n ot
c on s e n t t oa t t r i b u t e s os t r i ki n g a c oi n c i d e n c e t ot h e e f f e c t of a c c i d e n t or of u n c on n e c t e d c a u s e s .
' C r a w f u r d , H i s t . In d . A r c h . V ol . I. p . 2 8
8 .

2 T e ot t - T e u t - T a t - O a or - E O 1 .
BookIX.ChapterVIII . S ec ti on 2

5 3 3
Ifeelmyselfobli gedtobeli evethatsomec ommon c ausemusthaveoperatedtoproduc eac ommon
effec t . Ifi n dri versbythen ameofDon i n man ydi fferen tc oun tri es,an dun derverypec uli arc i r-
c umstan c es,an don theseImustn owmakesomeobservati on s .
Almostallgreatri vershavebeen c alledri versofthesun
.Mayn ottheori gi n ofthi sbefoun d
i n theabstrusec on si derati on ,thattheyappeartobedi rec tlytheproduc eofthesun
; an dmay
theyn otori gi n allyhavebeen thusc alledasasac redn ame?
In alltheAsi ati c c oun tri estheyare
thefullesti n thesummer,when thesun c ausesthei rfloodsbymelti n gthemoun tai n sn ows
.
When hei si n hi sglory,theyareatthei rfull
; ashewi thdraws,theydec li n e
.Atthesameti me
thathec ausesthemtoi n c rease,hetherebyferti li zestheplai n sofIn di a,an dthevalleyoftheNi le
.
Then ameoftheri vers,theNi lefori n stan c e,i ssai dtomean sun -n otthati tmean stheri ver
of
the
sun , but theri versun .
IfIberi ght,thatafi rstlan guageexi stedli ketheHebrewi n i tsformati on ,
thi smi sn omermi ghtari sefromi n atten ti on tothesystem(formerlyn amed)ofwhati n theHebrew
lan guagei sc alledbei n g i n regi mi n e . Forexample :
wesay house of God ;
theHebrewssay,5 K
al
n ' a bi t-bi tal,houseGod,
wan ti n gtheparti c le ; an dthen theword bi t or housei s
sai dtobe i n
regi mi n e, theparti c le of bei n gun derstood .TheNi lewassai dtobeboththegi ftan dtheemblem
ofOsi ri s,an dan eman ati on fromhi m-0a i pI8oc Awopporl
. 1
TheGan geswassai dtohave
flowedfromtheheadorthefootofS eva .TheEri dan usofthesphereflowedfromthefootof
Ori on orOrus,asan yon emayseebyc asti n ghi seyeupon thesphereofDupui s,PlateNo .1 0
.
Iti stherec alledalsotheNi le .In No
.9i tflowsfromthefootofPrometheus .In No
.8i tflows
fromthefootofAmalthea,an dalsoofOrusan dOri on .
Dr.Hydei n formsus,thatthec on stellati on Eri dan uswasc alledaoralue
ac qi a
os, theaste-
ri smoftheri ver,byPtolemy ; an d,bythePersi an s,7rovapaoc S ZQuovos, theri verofOri on . 2 I
wi lln owexami n etheri verson theglobean dtryi fwec an fi n dan yofthi sc elesti aln amethere .
2 .Thefi rstri verIshalln oti c ei stheJordan ,c alledi n Gen esi sxi i i .1 1 , r-t-1 q' t e .i rdn , thati s,as
ourtran slators
say, theJordan . Theword rrv te-i rdn c on si stsof,i n fac t,threewords .The
fi rsti stheemphati c arti c le, ; t a THE ; thesec on dtheword " y' i t whi c h,i n theHebrewlan guage,
mean s RIVER, 3 fromtheHebrewword
-tzs ,
i ar
toflow,avowel (K a)
bei n gdropped,asi svery
c ommon i n theHebrewlan guage .Forexample,i n theword i n
tura turtledove,often wri tten
-i n
tr. 4
Ibeli evethattheren deri n gbyMr .Bellamyoftheword 7' i t ri ver,wi lln otbedi sputed .
Iti sprovedtobec orrec tbythestri ki n gc i rc umstan c e,thatalthoughtheJordan i sn amedi n the
OldTestamen tman yti mes,i tn ever,i n an yc ase,hasthewordri verprefi xedtoi t .Thereason
i s,thati fi twere,i twouldc reatearan ktautology,an dwouldreadthe
ri verri verDn . Fromthi s
HebrewwordlarorIr,then ameofdi fferen tri vershasbeen deri ved
; fori n stan c e,on ei n Nor-
folk,c alledYar,(thetown Yarmouth,)
an dtheJaari n Flan ders .Respec ti n gthewordji t dn ,
Parkhurstgi vesasthemean i n gofi t,
tojudge or rule ; asan oun ,wi th
'
i 7' i di n ,ajudge, an d,
wi thaformati ve a I-at
Adn ,a ruler,di rec tor,
Lord-spoken ofGod .
a
Hen c etheword ADONIS
" hadhi sn ame," an dtheWelsh
Adon a Lord
.Ihaven odoubtthati thad,i n theform
i n dun ,'
themean i n gofjudgmen t,di sc reti on ,un derstan di n g,an d,i n fi n e,wi sdom
.Butofc oursePark-
hurstwouldkeepthi slastoffen si vewordoutofsi ght,asmuc haspossi ble .IfAdon ai orAdon i s
werethesec on dperson oftheTri n i ty,ofc oursehewouldbeWi sdom
.Hen c ewehavethe
mean i n gofthi sri ver-theri verofAdon i s .IsupposeIn eedn otremi n dmyreader,thatAdon i s
I Plut .deIsi d .

s
Mauri c e,Hi st .Hi n d .Vol .1 ,p .3 5 5
.
3 Bellamy' sAn ti -Dei stan dTran slati on ofBi ble,Gen .xi v.1 4 .
4
Vi deDown s' sGrammar,p .2 7 .

s
Vi deFrey' sLex
.
5 3 4

.
Vari ous Ri vers
Called Don
wasthesun ; I therefore,theJordan oughttobe,ormi ghtbe,
tran slated
theri verofthesun
. .
When Mosesgi vesan hi stori c alac c oun tofAbraham' ssuc c essi n dri vi n ghi s
en emi estotheban k
oftheri ver,orofthen ameoftheri veron whi c hLotc hosetosettle,i ti soutofallquesti on to
supposethathewould,asMr
.Bellamythi n ks,gi vei tan ewn amean dc alli t
judgmen t, bec ause
Abrahamhaddri ven hi sen emi estojudgmen t .
Buti twasc alledJordan beforeAbrahamfought
hi sen emi es,when Lotc hosei tsbordersforhi sresi den c e ; thus
that
questi on seemssettled .
In theE7reaH osvrra 2
maybeseen theattemptsofMr
.Tooke,aswellasofgreatn umbers
ofotherlearn edmen ,toexplai n theword dun or don ;
i n allofwhi c hIthi n kmyreadermust
agreewi thme,thattherei sac ompletefai lure .
Thi si son eoftheproofshowvai n theattempti s
toexplai n theEn gli shlan guage,wi thoutgoi n gtotheHebrew .
TheHebrewi sofmuc hmore
i mportan c ethan theS axon ,bec ausetheS axon i si tself,
i n greatpart,deri vedfromtheHebrew
.
S o' thati fi n man yc asesyoupassovertheS axon
an dgototheHebrewn obadc on sequen c e
ari ses ; for,thoughyoumi ssastep,yougettotherealroot
:
buti n fewc ases,perhaps,wi llyou
gettotherealrootbystoppi n gattheS axon .
IfTookehadun derstoodHebrew,hewouldhave
madeaverydi fferen tbook
. Theobservati on sofMr
.Taylor,theedi torofthen ewedi ti on
of
Tooke,on man ywords,aswellason thatof don
or dun ,
thoughlearn edan di n gen i ous,c on fi rm
whatIsay. Allthatc an bemadeoutfromtheselearn edmen i s,
thatthi sn ameofsoman y
ri versmean s HILL, averysi n gularn amei tmustbeallowedforri ver
.
Buti ti sexac tlyli kethe
MereofIn di a . Thi sun i versallymean sHi ll,(thoughgen erallyahi llwi th
api ec eofwateron
thetopofi t,)buti n ourc oun tryi talsoc ommon lymean s
lake,
an dIthi n ki thasbec omeappro-
pri atedtolakesfromthehi lllakesofIn di a .'
Ishallreturn tothi ssubjec ti n then extbook
.
FromBurc khardt' sTravelsi n Nubi a, 4
i tappearsthattheri verJordan i sn owc alledElDhan
.
Ifoun dthi sauthori tyafterIhadfi n i shedmyarti c leon thi sc elebrated
ri ver .
Ithi n kIc ouldn ot
havedesi redamoredec i si veproofofthetruthofmytheorythan thi s
.
El
i stheArabi c em-
phati c arti c le THE.
3 .Theword dun a
wastheMedi an n ameforari ver,an dwasc arri edi n toEuropebythetri bes
mi grati n gfromupperAsi a
.
Thusi tmakesi tsappearan c ei n then amesTan ai s,
orDon ,D' n i -
eper,Rha-dan us,Rho-dan us,an dEri -dan us
. 5 In NorthIn di atheDon i sc alled
Den a an d
Don d.
s
thati sDon -di ,orDi s,orDi vus, holy .
Thec elebratedri verc alledbythean c i en ts
Ister,i s n owc alledDan ube .
Itwasalsoc alled
Don -eau,asappearsfromoldloc alauthori ti es.
Dan -ubean dDon -eau,bothmean
waterofthe
Don .
TheDan ubeorIsterwaskn own alsobythen ameofDan usi usorTan ai s
: i n whi c hthe
Puran asc oi n c i dewi thHorn s,Apollo,Eustathi us,an dS trabo .
7
Tan ai si sevi den tlyac orrupti on
ofDan -usi us,I-ster :
I,theCelti c emphati c arti c le ; S ter,star,astrum, THE
plan et .
In Russi atherei sari verwhi c hflowsi n totheS eaof
AzoforthePalusMeeoti s,(butwhose
truen ameRi ttermakestobePalusMai eti s,)n owc alledDon
butan c i en tlyTan ai s
; an dabout
on ehun dredan dfi ftyyearsbac k,asappears,byoldvoyages,
i twasc alledTan e . Dr.Lempri ere
says, "
Don i sac orruptappellati on ofthean c i en t
Tan ai s .
Therei sac i tyati tsmouthn ow
' Drummon d,(Ed .Jud . p .2 3 1 .

2
Part I .
Chap . i x.
3 Thehi lllakes i n
In di awerededi c atedtoBuddha,an di n suc c essi on toCri stn aorKan i ya
. Thehi lllakesi n
En glan darec alledTarn s :
e.g
.Mallum-Tarn ,alakeon thetopofahi lli n Yorkshi re
. Maytheyn othavebeen c alled
fromthe Buddha or Teut or Hermes
ofBri tai n , 7aran -i s p
TheMeresofIn di awereall-mothersfromwhomthe
sac redri versdesc en ded
.TheywereMerus,eac h
of
whi c hwasbothhi llan dlake
.

Mem. p .xxxvi i .
" C ab .En c . Vol
.I.p.4 1 .
5
Ren n ell,Mem
. p88.
7
Eustath
.on Di on ys.Peri eg
. V .2 98 ; Wi lford,Asi at
. Res. Vol.III.p .4 5 3 .
BookIX
.ChapterVIII
.S ec ti on 4

5 3 5

c alled Azof,
buttheS c lavon i an tradi ti on ssayi twasan c i en tlyc alled
alas-grad orc i tyof Aas ."
Thi sshewsthemean i n gTan -ai s,wasDon -ai sorDon -aas-an dIthi n kmean t
outletoftheDon
an daas-zofi s
aas-sophi a, or eau-tro4 p, S eaofWi sdom .
TheDon i sc alledDon n ez,Dan aetz,
Tdn aetz,Tan aets,an dTan ai s .I In S ogdi an a,n otfarfromtheJaxartes,wasac i tyc alledGaza,
an dtheri verJaxartesi tselfwasc alledTan ai s . 2 Ac c ordi n gtoRen n elli twasatfi rstc alledS i rr-
thesamen ameasthatofthean c i en tNi le . TheTan ai swehaveseen wasalsothesameasthe
Don . Ren n ellmakestheJaxartestobeboun dedbythemoun tai n sc alledTagArga
. 1 1 In our
"
modern mapsi tappearsastheDon : butthi swordi sapalpablec orrupti on ofTan ai s,bywhi c h

appellati on i twaskn own totheGreeks ." 3 In theEastern golden Cherson esusorS i am,i sa
di stri c tc alled,i n an c i en tti mes,Daon w,whi c hi sn owc alledTan asseri m
.Thi si sevi den tlythe
n ameofi tsri verDon ,c orruptedi n toTauasseri m . 4 Beyon dtheGan ges,agai n ,wefi n da
ri verc alledDaon a . 5 Ibeli evei twasCon stan ti n ePorphyrogen i tus,i n theten thc en tury,who
fi rstc alledtheri verDn i eper,Dan apreos . Con trari n i ,whotravelledi n 1 4 73 ,says, " Lafi umara

thesi c hi amaDan ambren ellaloroli n gua,en ellan osraLeresse ." Iti sworthyofobservati on ,
an dc an sc arc elybeac c i den tal,thattheDon ofYorkshi reflowsi n totheUmber,orUmbre .
Theremusthavebeen somec on n exi on between theDon an dUmber,an dDan -ambre .
4 .In theNorthofS c otlan dwehaveari ver,whi c hflowsthroughthetown ofAberdeen ,c alled
Don
.Thi si sthesameastheri verDon orDn i n S yri a,an dthe
town ofAber-deen i s -): Iv
our
the
far
or
di stan tdeen , whatevertheword
deen maymean
: butprobablythe far don or dun . The
ri veratWhi tbyi n Yorkshi rei sc alledDun umorDon . 6 In Yorkshi rei san otherri verc alled
Don ,on whi c htheRoman shadastati on ,orc astrum,when c eabeauti fultown tookthen ameof
Don -c aster . Iti sc elebratedfori tsbeauty . Ihavekn own i twellformorethan fi ftyyears,an d
Ithi n kIamquali fi edtosay,i tdoesn otdeservemoreprai seforthebeautyofi tsbui ldi n gsan d
thec lean n essofi tsstreets,than forthemoralquali ti esofi tsi n habi tan ts .
In my CELTIC DRUIDS , plate2 4 ,wi llbefoun davi ewofafi re-toweratBrec hi n ,i n .S c ot-
lan d .Thi stown i son theeastc oast,n otveryfarfromAberdeen orTT 7myobrdn ,
orAberdeen
on theri ver
7i Dn Don ; an dn eari ti sasmalltown c alledDun
.On thi stoweri saman c ruc i -
fi ed,wi thalambon on esi deofhi m,an dan ELEPHANT on theother . When Ipubli shedmy
CELTICDRUIDS ,I thoughtthi sprovedthatthetowerwasn otveryan c i en t ; butIn owbegi n to
doubtofthi smatter. In theestateofLadyCastlesn earAberdeen ,aboutfortyyearsagowas
dugupthelargeri n g,ofwhi c hthepri n t,No .2 7A,i saveryc loserepresen tati on . The
fi guresaren otmereoutli n esoralto-reli evos,buttheyareoffull-rai sedform,an dwellexec uted .
Thepi ous,an dalsothelearn edofthepri estssay,i tmayhavebeen broughtfromtheEastby
Crusaders . Nodoubttheyc on si derthi stobesati sfac tory . Formyown part,Ithi n ki tequally
sati sfac torytobetold,thattheri veran dtown ofAberdeen hadthei rn amesgi ven bythec ru-
saders,an dthatthefi re-toweran dthe ELEPHANT
wereplac edupon i tbythemalso
. Idaresay
thesevali an theroeswouldbesai dtohavegi ven n amestotheUmber,Northumberlan d,Bri gan ti a,
&c .,i ftheyhadn otbeen kn own fromRoman authorstohavehadthemlon gbeforetheChri sti an
mra,an deven beforethearri valoftheRoman s. Forexample,Bri gan ti athec oun tryofQueen
Boadi c ea.
In Lombardy,
i n Ci salpi n eGaul,therei sac elebratedri verc alledEri dan us . Thi si sevi den tly
Eri -dan orE-i r-dan ,wi thalati n termi n ati on us,whi c hbei n gleftoutwehave
i T
e THE 7, i tRIVER
1 -t
Du, DON orAdon i s .
In tothi sri verPhaeton wassupposedtohavefallen ,when hedrovethe
' Clarke' sTravels .

s
Arri an ,B .i v.

3 Fab
. Ori g.Pag.Idol .
' Vi deButler' sAtlas .

s
Drum .Ori g. Vol .IV.p.1 74 .

6 Youn g' sHi story.

5 3 6
Phi li sti n esorPalli
c hari otofthesun .
Thec oun tryaboutthemouthofi twasi n habi tedbytheOm-bri ,an dthere
wasatown ati tsmouthc alledPalesti n os .
Thi sri veri sn owc alledPadusorPo,whi c hi son eof
then amesoftheGan gesan dofBuddha
. Thec oun trywasalsoc alledPagusTro-i an us,an dat
thevertexoftheDeltaformedbytheri ver,thec i tyofPaduawasbui lt
.
IlleurbemPatavi sedesqueloc avi t
Teuc rorum,etgen ti n omen dedi t,armaquefi xi t
Troi a .'
Theri veri n thesphereproc eedi n gfromOri on i sc alledEri dan us,butEratosthen esmai n tai n sthat
i ti stheNi le . "
Theri verflowi n gfromOri on ' sfoot,graphi c allyi llustratesHomer' sDu7rezeog

aaraf
u.ojo, ortheri verflowi n gfromDi s
.
Buti n truththerei sn odi fferen c ebetween theNi le
"
ordarkblueri verofhellan dthefabledEri dan us : i n thefortun ategrovesofHades,soVi rgi l

si n gs,
" Pluri musEri dan i persylvamvolvi turamn i s ." s
TheRoman poetsfei gn ,thatAmberarosefromthetearsshedbythesi stersofPhaeton forhi s
mi sfortun e,butthePon everproduc edAmber .
Ni mrodagai n says, "
Buttheri verGan gesborethesamen ame(bei n gthatoftheGodBuddha

orBatta)astheEri dan usofItaly

; Gan gesqui et Padus
di c i tur :
an dastheNi lewasfabledto
"
betheEuphrates,ren asc en ti n Ethi opi a,soagai n ,i twaspreten ded,thattheEuphratesan d
"
Ti gri sdi dn otreallyri sefromthei rapparen tsourc ei n Armen i a,butaftertravelli n gon ethousan d
"
mi lesfromtheEast,juxta 3 Armen i aemon tesman i festan tur,ori n otherwords,that,asParadi se

wasatthesourc eoftheIn di an ri ver,byfabuloustradi ti on ,an doftheEuphratesbyS c ri pture

authori ty,theEuphratesmustbetheGan gesEri dan usprolon ged ." 4 ACopti c n ameofthe

Euphratesi s eu water,an dc o7j-6 O8-Ri veroftheS un asusual
. S eeOuseley,Tran sac ti on sof
theS oc i etyofLi terature,
5 wherei tappearsthatPhratwasn otthePersi an n ame,butFalaor
FladorFulat
. IsFlad flood orfleuve-ad,ri verofAd?
Has
fleuveal bec omeFalaorFulat ?
5 ." Nexttotheemi grati on ofthe Yadavas themostc elebratedwasthatofthePali s,orPali -

putras : man yofwhosesettlemen tsweren amedPhli st' han ,whi c htheGreeksc han gedi n to

Palai sti n e. Ac oun trysoc alledwason theban ksoftheTi gri s,an dan otheri n S yri a
.The
" ri ver S trymmi hadtheepi thetPalai sti n os . In Italywefi n dthePalesti n i :
an datthemouthof

thePo,atown c alledPhi li sti n i :

towhi c hmaybeaddedthePhi li sti n aefossi on es,an dthePhi li s-
"
ti n gearen aei n Epi rus . AstheGreekswrotePalai forPali ,theyren deredthewordPali putra,
" byPalai gon os,whi c halsomean stheoffspri n gofPali : buttheysometi mesretai n edtheS an sc ri t
" wordforson
:
an dthetown ofPalai patrai tothi sdayc alledPali putrabythen ati ves,stoodon

theshoreoftheHellespon t
." 6 HerethetwoPali bothrasaresuffi c i en tlyc lear .An dthePal-
lesti n i orPhi li sti n es,aswec allthem,i n In di a,on theTi gri s,i n S yri a,on theHellespon t,on the
S trymon ,an don thePo,areverystri ki n g .Theyareallderi vedfromtheIn di an n amePalli ,an d
S tan , a ston e or plac e
.
Pli n ysays, 7 In deosti aplen aCarbon ari aac fossi on esPhi li sti n ae,quodali i Tartarumvoc an t
.
Thati s,thefossi on esofthePalli ,orPallesti n i theshepherdsorn omades .
Herewehavethefi rst
exampleofthen ameofTartars,buti tbeauti fullysupportsallmyopi n i on softhearri valofthe
Palli fromtheEast ;
8
i talsoshews,thatwemustn otc on c ludethatn amesaren ec essari lymodern ,
'
Ni mrod,
Vol
.III .p .1 1 5 .

s
Ni mrod, S up.Ed .p .2 5 .
3 Aethi c .Cosmog. p .5 4 8 ;
Lugd .Bat . 1 6 4 6 .

`
Ni mrod, Vol
.I .p
.5 6 .

s
Vol .
1 .P . 1 1 0.
6 Asi at. Res.Vol .III .p .3 6 9 .

7
Li b . i i i .p .1 73 .

9 Bryan t,An al . Vol.1 .p

.3 76 .
BookIX .ChapterVIII.S ec ti on 5

5 3 7
bec ausewedon otmeetwi ththemi n an c i en tGreekorLati n authors
.Weshallfi n dthatthese
TartarswereprobablyS ac morS axon s .
Mr.Bryan tobserves, "
Iti ssai d,thattheEri dan uswassoc alledfi rstbyPherec ydesS yrus
." 1
An dPlutarc h 2 says,thattheS trymon i sari verofThrac e,whi c hrun sbythec i tyofEdon i s
(Hawvi sa) :
i twasofoldc alledtheri verofPalaesti n us
. 3
Thetown hec allsEdon i s,i sc alledalso
Elov .
Ihavebeforeobserved,thatItakethi stobeac orrupti on ofYon i orlon e ;
an dthi sEdon i s
Isuspec twasAdon i s,an di n thi s,agai n ,c on n ec tsi twi ththeS yri an Ion i an supersti ti on
.The
S tryrn on i n theNorthofGreec ewasori gi n allyc alled
lon eus,
asCon on (Narr.i v .)tellsus. 4
Therewas,ac c ordi n gtoPausan i as,alsoari veri n Atti c ac alledEri dan os .Mr
.Dodwellthi n ks
thec han n elwhi c hjoi n edtheIli ssosn earAmpelo-KepouswastheEri dan os .
5
An otherri verDon i sfoun di n theRhodaun ,n owc alledtheVi stula,falli n gi n totheBalti c n ear
Dan tzi g.Thi swasan c i en tlyac elebratedplac eforamber .Tothi sri verthePhoen i c i an san d
Carthagi n i an sresortedforthepurc haseofamber,wi thwhi c htheysuppli edtheRoman empi re
.
Ithadthen ameofEri dan us,an dbyi tsn ameRhodaun ,i tevi den tlyc on n ec tstheRhon ewi thall
theseDon s .TheRho-daun i sthe Ri ver-Daun . Iti ssai dthatHerodotusmi stookari verfor
theTan ai swhi c hhec alledRha,n owtheWolgaorVolga
.Thereaderwi lln otfai ltoperc ei ve,
thatthen ameoftheri veratDan tzi gc on si stsoftheri verofHerodotus,an dtheri verDon
.The
Rhai sthe Pew an dthe -i mp i ar. TheWolgai sc alledtheOarusbyRen n ell
: thi si son lyac orrup-
ti on of
-1 " ,
i ar, wi ththeLati n termi n ati on .When HerodotuswastoldthattheWolgawasc alled
Rha,i fhehadhadtheleastkn owledgeofetymologyhewouldaton c ehaveseen that Rha
merely
mean tri ver-thesameastheGreek
PEW toflow, ortheHebrew
7vi t
ri ver .
TheDwi n aalsoi s
probablyaDon .
ThatIamn otsi n gulari n theopi n i on thattheRodaun i sthesameastheEri dan us,Ic opythe
followi n gfromLempri ere
: " Themostc uri ousc i rc umstan c ec on n ec tedwi ththestoryofPhaeton
"
i sthefac t,thatthen ameEri dan us,i n towhi c hhei ssai dtohavefallen ,belon gsproperlytothe

Rodaun ,asmallstreami n then orthofEurope,run n i n gn earDan tzi c ."

Theword Lar or Laura
i ssti llusedi n Gaeli c ,(Loar
orLomhar,)an di n thedi alec tofthe
Cymri ,Lluerusi gn i fi es resplen den c e
. Laurusi stheLaurel,sac redtothesun .
Daphn e, an other
n ameforthe Laurus,
i sderi vedfromtheS an sc ri t Tapan a,
an ameofthesun ,astheauthorof
heat ;
forthatplac ei n Egyptc alled Tapan a
i n the
Puran as, i sc alled Taphn ai bytheLXX
an d Daphan aw or
Daphn e
byGreekan dRoman authors . 6
Isuspec ti n Lomhar therei sthe
ori gi n ofLombardy,an di n Tapan a,ofIn di a,then ameofDaphn e,alwaysc on n ec tedwi ththe
storyofPhaeton .Ni mrodsays," Phaeton wasn oton lypri n c eofthe Ethi opi an s butson of

Ti thon us,' an dhi sfallfromheaven i si n di sputablythesameeven tasthedeathofMemn on .

' Howartthoufallen fromheaven ,Luc i fer,son ofthemorn i n g ! Thouartc utdown tothe

' groun d,whi c hdi dstweaken then ati on s

.Forthouhadstsai di n thi n eheart,Iwi llasc en di n to
'
heaven ,Iwi llexaltmythron eabovethestarsofGod,Iwi llsi tupon themoun tofthec on gre-
g

ati on i n thesi desoftheNorth ." ' 8 Theaboveextrac tfromthereli gi ousNi mrodi svery
stri ki n g .
s
' ' ErepoS S eOac i 8i xa1 araTOVavrmrewatNes% oy . Eratosthen es,Catasteri sm,3 7 .

DeFlumi n i bus,Vol .II .p .1 1 5 4 .

3
Bryan t,An al.Vol .I .p
.3 77 .

Cumb .Ori g .Gen .p .2 6 5 . 5 Vol .I

.4 77.
6 Wi lford,Asi at .Res .Vol .VI .p
.5 00.
7
Apollod .Bi bli oth .p .3 5 4 ,Heyn e,1 803 .

8 Ni mrod,Vol .II.p .1 5 6 .
9 Don an dDoun oproDomi n outun turHi span i c aPi c ardi 1 6 8 .
5 3 8
Phi li sti n es
an dPalli
Ithi n kmostperson swi llagreewi thmei n opi n i on thatthefollowi n gextrac ts,froman essayof
Col
.Wi lford' s
.whi c hIfoun dafterIhadwri tten theforegoi n g,c on fi rmmytheoryi n aremarkable
man n er
.Itdoesn otappearthatCol
.Wi lfordhadan yi deawhen hewrotethemofthec on n exi on
between thetwori versofIn di aan dItaly
.TheEri dan usi n In di a,i n Greec e,i n Italy,an di n the
sphere,flowi n gfromthefootofOri on ,allprovethemythologi c aln atureofthec on n exi on
between theEastern an dWestern c oun tri es
. " The
Brahmaputrai s alsoc alled
Hradi n i , asI
"
observedi n aformeressay,on thegeographyofthePurhn as
.Thi sword,someti mespro-

n oun c ed Hlddi n i ,
si gn i fi esi n S an sc ri tadeepan dlargeri ver,from
Hrada, tobepron oun c ed
Hrada,
orn earlyso,an dfromwhi c hc omes
Hraddn a
an d Hradi n i . In theli stofri versi n the
"
Padmapurdn a,i ti s c alled Hrddya
or Hradyn ,
an d i ts mouthi sc alledbyPtolemythe
Ai rradon
" Osti um, orthemouthoftheri ver
Hrddyn
:
an dac c ordi n gtohi m,an othern amefori twas

An ti boli ,
fromatown ofthatn ame,c alledalsobyPli n y
An tomela,
i n S an sc ri t, Hasti -malla, i n

thespoken di alec ts
Hdtti -malla,
n owFermgy-bazar,totheS .E .ofD' hac c a ." i
Myreaderwi llpleasetoobservei n theaboveextrac t,the
Hraddn a an d Hrddyn . I then
beghi mtopron oun c ethemaloud,an di mmedi atelyafterwardpron oun c ethen ameoftheWolga
asgi ven byHerodotus Rha,
an dalsotheri verRhodan umorRhon e,whi c hrun spastLyon s,an d
doubti fhec an ,thatalltheseri vershadon c ethesamen ame
;
thatthec on n exi on wasmytholo-
gi c al,an dthatthemythologi c alsystemexten dedtotheVi stula,toDon c aster,an dtoAberdeen ,
or -sy
our
7n
dun .
Hradyn i sthewordRadun ,an dwi ththeHebrewemphati c arti c lewouldbe
theRadyn or theri verdyn
. Col . Wi lfordobserves
2 thatPtolemyc alledtheri verBrahma-putra
Daon as
.Thi si sevi den tlyDon orDwi n a
.Thi si sthesameastheDwi n aofRussi a
.
Theobservati on respec ti n gtheRhon e,i sc on fi rmedbythen ameofLyon s,whi c hwas
Lug-
whi c hmean s hi gh-an d
dun -um,
thetown oftheupper Dun . 3
In Gi beli n maybeseen some
veryc uri ousexamplesofthen amesofri vers,bei n gVarorVer-allwhi c hIsuspec tarederi ved
fromtheHebrewJAR
.
Lyon si ssi tuatedatthec on fluen c eoftheRhon ean dtheS oan e
.In In di aalsotherei sari ver
c alledthe S oun ,
whi c htakesi tssourc efromthesamelakeasthe Ner-budda,
thati s(theword
7m n er
bei n gc orrec tlyHebrew)
theri verBuddha
. Buti n myobservati on on theri verJordan I
haveshewn howtheRhon ei sc on n ec tedori den ti fi edwi ththePadusorPo,or,i n otherwords,
Bud .
Letusreflec tali ttleupon whatIhavesai drelati n gtotheemi gati on ofthetri beofIoudi from
theki n gdomofOude,i n whi c hi stheri verBurrampouterorBrahma-putra,an dwemustbestruc k
wi ththesi n gulari tyofi tshavi n gthesamen ameasthefamousJordan orri verDon ofWestern
S yri a .
Itwasalsoc alled,aswehaveseen ,Padus,on eofthen amesofBuddha
.Wehaveseen
thattheRhon eorRhadaun i stheIr,orRha,orri verDaun -bri n gi n gi ttothesamen ame,on ly
tran slated,asthePadusofItaly
.WehavealsotheDan -aub,i .e .theAub-dan ,orri verDan .
Doab,orDuo-ab,orMesopotami aofIn di a,shewsthemean i n gofthe aub tobe
ri ver
.If
the
wordS oan beread
Zoan we havethetwori versoftheS un un i ted i n In di a,atthei rsourc e,as
wehavei n Europe,atthei rc on fluen c e
.Athi rdri ver,whi c htakesi tsri sei n thesamemoun t
astheS oan an dNerbudda,i sc alledMan daha,ortheri verofthec yc le
; forItakeMan datobe
ourMun da .On ,orn otfarfrom,thi sri veri satown c alledS on e-pour,an dn eari ton eofthe
town si sc alledOdey-pourorIoudi -pour
; therei salsoatown c alledPada,an dati tsmouth,
i n theBrahmi n c oun try,i sthefamoustempleofJaggern aut,
4 oroftheGreatCreator ; where
Col . Wi lford,Asi at.Res . Vol .XIV.p .4 2 6 .

'
Ibi d . P
.4 2 0.

'
Gi beli e,Mon de Pri m .Vol.VIII .p
.4 5 3 .
4 IfJaggern ai i tmean GreatCreator
.mayi tn otbethusdi ssec ted-leself-exi sten t ; Ger great,orc i rc le,orc yc le ;
BookIX
.ChapterIX .S ec ti on 5

5 3 9
theBullprojec ts,an dwheretherei sn odi sti n c ti on ofc astes,or,Ibeli eve,ofsec ts,butpi lgri ms
ofallreli gi on seattogether
.Thi si sbec ausei ti saBuddhi sttemple
.Howi thasesc aped
thefuryoftheBrahmi n si sn otkn own
. OUGEIN i sthec api talofMalwa,throughwhi c hthe
Nerbuddhaflows
.Iti son eofthemostan c i en tc i ti esofIn di a,n oti c edbothi n thePeri plusofthe
Erythraean sea,an dbyPtolemy
. I On orn eartheNerbuddhai satown c alledMun daan don e
c alledMun dala,an don ec alledMun datta . 2 Ifeelli ttledoubtthatthemoun twhen c ethethree
ri versflowedwasi n veryan c i en tti mesthehi gh-plac eofMalwa,asMori ahwasofS yri a
.
In In di awi llbefoun dDan a-poor, (poor mean sc i tyortown ,)when c ethen amesofallour
town swhi c hen di n bury . Theburghsc omefromtheS axon ,an dDan a-poorprobablyfromthe
samesourc e
. Thi sc i tyi son theS oan ,whi c hn amewehaveseen ,i sthesameastheri ver
Rhon e,theDan ube,thePo,&c .In thesamen ei ghbourhoodwi llbefoun dalsoCawn -poor,or
thec i tyofCaon ,an dBet-ourah,(ori n Hebrew,thehouseortempleofAur,)an dn earAgra,on
theJumn a,aBetai sor,houseortempleof .i Esar.
Ithi n kn oon ec an beli evethatallthesec i rc umstan c esofc uri ousc oi n c i den c ec ouldbethe
effec tofac c i den t .Iwi lln otun dertaketoputthemtogether,buthemustseethattherearethe
li n ksofac hai n .Ihaven odoubtthatthewholei sc on n ec tedwi thaBuddhi stmythos,an dthat
thestoryofPhaeton i sofOri en talextrac ti on .Luc i an hasgi ven awi ttydesc ri pti on ofavoyage
upthePo,i n searc hofamber,poplars,an dmusi c alswan s,respec ti n gan yofwhi c hthesai lors
c ouldgi vehi mn oi n formati on ,butforwhi c htheyon lylaughedathi m .Ithi n kthi swi lln owbe
aproperplac etopoi n toutsomestron gmarksofi den ti tyi n themythologi esofIn di aan dItaly,
whi c hareperc epti blei n then amesofthei rrespec ti veplac es .
CHAPTERIX
Loretto-Observati on son Homer,theIli ad,an dthejEn ei d
In BookV .ChapterX
.S ec ti on 2 ,Isai dIshouldshewthatthephi losophersofIn di a,n oton ly
broughtthe blac k
motheran dherc hi ldtoItaly,butthattheybroughtherhousealso
.In ow
proc eedtoredeemmypledge .
In lat .2 5 ,5 0-an dlon g
.73 ,1 0,on theroadfromPali orPaleetoJod-poor,i sahi llc alled
Poon oGi r,orPoon a . 3 (NowCol
.Todsays,Poon omean s
vi rtue an dGi r hi ll .) Ithason the
Naut Wi sdom?TheBrahmi n son lykn owthati tmean s
greatc reator ; i tsetymon theydon otpreten d
to un derstan d .
Nei th,n otNepthe,wi ththeEgypti an s,mean twi sdom
. Of Nei thi t
i s sai d, " I amwhat i s, whatwas
; whatshallbe
;
" mortalhasn otrai sedmyvei l .Thesun i s thefrui t of
mywomb ." (S avary' sLetterson Egypt
.)Phtha i s the
supremeGod of Egypt. (Ib .) Thi sNei th i s
theNathdesc ri bedi n Col. Tod' sHi st .Raj . pp .5 4 5 -5 4 8 .
It i s the
Rasi t of Gen esi s,an dc orrec tlymean sthesameasJehovahAlei m,i e
.theself-exi sten tGod .
Malc olm' sHi st .ofMalwa,Cen tralIn di a,p .2 3 .
Y
Mun dul-ooean dMun dul-eeb,i n S an sc ri t,mean ac i rc leortrac t
of c oun try .(Elphi n ston ' sCabul
.)
3
Tod,Hi st .p .702 .
5 4 0

Loretto
topofi tasmallJai n temple,whi c hwasc on veyedbysupern aturalpower,byaBuddhi stmagi c i an ,
asi ssai dbytheBrahmi n s,theen emi esoftheJai n s,
totheplac ewherei tn owstan ds,fromac ertai n
moun tc alledS aturn -ja,i n adi stri c tn owc alledGuzzerat,an dtheki n gdomofBalli -c aroes,or
Balc arra,orS aura-stra,orS yra-stren e,orS aura,butmostan c i en tlyLari c e,' thati s,evi den tly,
Lari ssa .Thi sc oun tryi salsoc alledPalli -than a,
2 thati s,Pallestan orPallesti n e,orc oun tryof
thePali .
Poon o-Gi ri sn owc alled thehi ll or templeofvi rtue . Whatthi stemplec on tai n sCol
.
Todhasn ottoldus,buti twasatempleoftheJai n s,thati s,ofJan us,then ameofthegreatGod
oftheItali an s .Itwasbroughtbythepowerofmagi c tothen ei ghbourhoodofthean c i en tc i ty
n owc alledMun dore,therui n sofwhi c h,asalreadyn oti c ed,are
thi rty-seven mi lesi n c i rc umferen c e :
butthepresen tn ameofthen ewc i ty,c losetoi t,i sJod-pore,thati s,town ofJuda
.In thi s
partoftheworld,thereyetexi stsasec tofreli gi on i stsc alledNazoreen s,orNazourean s,or
Mun dai tes,orChri sti an sofS t
.John --asec tofwhi c hIshalltreatatlargebyan dby .Buti ti s
evi den tthattheMun daofthesepeoplei sthesameastheMun daofthi sgreatan c i en tCyc lopaean
c i ty
.In thec oun tryofLari c eorPalli -than a,theadorati on ofthemotherofGodseemsmuc hto
haveprevai led .Theri vern earPalli than ai sn amedMahi e,thati s,Mai aorMari a,an d,by
Ptolemy,c alled Mai s.
Thi si sthec oun trywhoseshoresarewashedbytheErythraean S ea,an d
i ti sthereforeprobablyan Erythraean c oun try .In thi sc oun tryi sthec i tyof
.4 je-mere, n otfar
fromwhi c hi satempleofMama-Deva, theholymother .
Thepec uli arobjec tofadorati on i n thi s
partofIn di an ow,i sKan yi a,theson ofMai a,otherwi sec alledCri stn a : butMai aherselfi soften
c alledKan ya .Atn ogreatdi stan c e,i n thi sc oun try,i stheJessulmer,formerly,n oti c ed,or
Jerusalem,an agrammati c allywri tten : asCupi d,theGreekGodofLove,readHebrai c s,i n thi s
c oun try, ; i sthesamen ameasthei rGodofLove,Di puc . 3
TheCasaS an taofLoretto,everyon ekn ows,ac c ordi n gtotheRoman i sts,i stherealhousei n
whi c hthemotherofJesusChri stli vedatNazareth,orthec i tyoftheNatzi r,orthehermi t,or
theflower,when c ehewasc alledaNazaren ean dhi sfollowersNazaren es .Thi shousewas
removedbyan gels,fromS yri a,toi tspresen tsi tuati on .Itwasfi rstc on veyedtoDalmati a ; buti t
havi n gbeen di sc overedbythean gels,thattheyhadplac edi tamon gthi eves,theytooki tupagai n
an dbroughti ttowherei tn owstan ds,aplac ec alledLoretto, on theItali an shoreoftheAdri ati c
S ea . Heresi tsthemotherofGod,theMama-deva,theRegi n aCoeli ,wi thheri n fan ti n her
arms,bothasblac kasjet,loadedwi thdi amon ds,an deveryotherki n dofprec i ousston e .Her
humblec ottagei sc overedwi thac asi n gofbeauti fullyworkedston e,toskreen bothi tan dherself
fromi mperti n en tc uri osi ty,an doverthedoor,toguardi tortoorn amen ti t,stan dsthestatueof
theErythraean S i byl .In S yri a,when c eshec ame,therewasatown ,on theOron tes,c alled
Lari ssa
:
thi sword,i ti sevi den t,hasbeen soften eddown i n theItali an fashi on i n toLoretto .
Thusshewasbroughtfromon eLar-i ssatoan other .In S yri awereJudaan dPalesti n e .Italy,
whereshei sn owplac ed,i sthec oun tryofS aturn -ja,wherealsoi stheUrbsS aturn i aofVi rgi l .
Iti si n thedi stri c tofPali tan a,thedi stri c tofthePalli orPalesti n i ,whi c hhasbeen beforen oti c ed,
atthemouthoftheri verwhi c hhasthesamen ameasthegreatri verofthec oun trywhen c eshe
c ame,Padus,orBuddha,orPo,orFo .Thi sc oun trywasalsoc alledOmbri aorthec oun tryof
OM.
When Jesuswason thec ross,heorderedJohn totakec hargeofhi smother,an dhe,fromthat
ti me,tookhertohi sown home
.Wasthi sthec i tyofMun dawheretheMun dai tes,orNa-
sourean s,orNazaren esofS t
.John c omefrom
?
Ihaveli ttleorn odoubtthatthefableoftheVi rgi n ' shousewastaken fromthefableofPoon a
' D' An vi lle .

2 Col.Tod.

3 Query, IthePuc kofS hakspeare ?

BookIX
.ChapterIX.S ec ti on 1

5 4 1
Gi r.
POONAH or PUNAH
i stheMexi c an termforwoman
.Iti s,Istron glysuspec t,theGreek
Tuv-~ .
Herewehavei n thehi llofvi rtuethefi rsti deaofvi rtue,asappli edtoac hastefemale
.
Thi swi llbebetterun derstoodwhen ItreatofMexi c o
.'
Therewasalson eartotheS aturn -jaPali -than aofIn di a,aplac ec alledDi u,an dn eari t,i n the
seawhi c hwashestheshoreofS yra-stren e,c alledtheErythraean S ea,(then ameoftheErythraean
S i byl,whi c hstan dsi n thesc reen oftheCasaS an taatLoretto,)asac redi slan dofDi u,thesame
asthen ameofDi ui n themoun tAthosi n Europe,whi c hi son an i sthmus,theverypi c tureofS yra-
stren eorGuzzerat
.Themoun tAthosi sc alledMon teS an to,an dthemoun tPali than aofIn di a
i salsoc alledasac redmoun t,oraMon teS an to
.Therei san otherDi un owc alledS tan -di a,whi c h
i sprobablyac orrupti on ofS tambul-di u
.Iti si n theThermati c Gulf,n eartothetombofOrpheus
an dOlympus ;
an dasec on d LARIS S A . 2
NearAthoswasac i tyc alledPallen e
.Ifaperson wi ll
on lyvi ewtherespec ti vec oun tri es,i n theEastan dWest,wheretheremai n softhemythosare
foun d,hewi llseethati n thec hoi c eofloc ali ti es,asi mi lari tyofshapean dc i rc umstan c ehasbeen
selec tedtomakethetwomythosesagree
.Thepen i n sulaofAthosan dS urastraaffordaverygood
example
.Theri veri n In di a,c losetoS urastra,c alledbythean c i en tsMai s,Ishouldhavethought
n othi n gof,i fIhadn otfoun di tc alledi n Col
.Tod' smapMayhi e,evi den tlyMai aorMari a
; an d,
n otfarfromi t,asIhavejustn owobserved,thetempleto
THEMOTHER,
asIc on c ei ve,Queen Isi
orIsha .
Thuswehavetherui n softhesac red,an dmostan c i en t,Cyc lopeean c i ty,c alledMun d-ore,i n
In di a,an dMun dai n S pai n ,an dMun dushavi n gthesamemysti c almean i n gasKosmos
.We
haveVi rgi l' sc i tyofS aturn i a,an dthePalli atthemouthoftheEri dan us,orPadus,orBuddha,
ofItaly .
In In di awehavethemoun tofS atrun ja,i n orn eartoPali -than a,thesameasthe
Roman moun tPalati n e,atthemouthofthe
Ner, orri verBuddha,thesameasPadusi n S uraor
S yra-stren e,when c ethesac redtemplewasc arri ed
: whi c hS yra-stren ewasalsoc alledbythe
an c i en ts 3
Lari c e,thati s,Lari ssa,whi c hIbegmayn otbeforgotten ,asIshallhaveto
makean observati on upon i tan di tsmean i n ghereafter
.NotfarfromtheS atrun -jaPali than ai sa
plac ec alledbyPtolemyByzan ti um
.Theoldn ameofCon stan ti n oplewasByzan ti um,butthi s
wasc han gedbyCon stan ti n etoCon stan ti n ople,an di ti sn owc alledbytheTurksEstambul,or
S tambul,whi c hhasbeen thoughtac orrupti on ofCon stan ti n ople
; butthi sopi n i on Mr .Bryan thas
refuted .
When Ifi n dseveralplac esi n In di ac alledS tambul,Ithen c ometothec on c lusi on that
S tambulhasbeen thefi rstn amec orruptedbytheGreeksi n toByzan ti um
.S tambuli n In di ai s
n otfarfromtheri verChumbul,c alledbyD' An vi lle
S an bal, an dIbeli evetheyhavebothhadthe
samen ame
.Therewas a
sec on dplac ec alledS tambul,c losetotheBalkan moun tai n ,n otfar
fromChumla,i n Europe
: wasthi salsoac orrupti on ofCon stan ti n ople?
Thec i tyofRoma,i sthe
c i tyofRama,equallyfoun di n In di a,Western S yri a,Italy,an dbyi tsothersyn on ymValen c i a,i n
S pai n an dIrelan d
.NotfarfromRomei stheIn di an town ofVi turba,
4 n owVi terbo .
Therei s
alsoPalaestri n a,n owPrwn esteS ac rum
.
When aperson reflec tsupon thehi stori esoftheOldan dNewTestamen t,foun ai n In di aan d
thean c i en ttemplesofEgypt
;
theadven turesofCri stn ai n In di a,an dofJosephan dhi sfami ly
i n Nubi a
; hewi lln otbesurpri sedtofi n dthelegen dofLorettoi n S yrastren e,orJodpoor,or
Yuda-pore
.
However,surpri sedorn ot,herei ti si n hi ghpreservati on ,an di tc an n otbeden i ed
.
Thetemplebelon gi n gtotheJai n sc on n ec tsi twi ththeJan usan dJan i c ulum,an dthePali ti n i
'
Davi dMalc olm' sEssayon An t .ofBri tai n .
3
Lari ssa,Theba,an dArgos,weresyn on ymous
.Bryan t,An al .Vol .II .p
.4 5 1 .
aD' An vi lle .

4 Tod,p .2 1 6 .
5 4 2
Observati on son Homer,theIli ad,an dthe
En ei d
wi thMon sPalati n us .
Iregretexc eedi n glythatCol .Todhasbeen soc on c i sei n hi sdesc ri pti on ;
buthedoesn otseemtohavetheleastsuspi c i on ofi tsc on n exi on wi ththeLadyofLoretto .
2 .Ic on si derthe1 En ei dtobeasac redepi c poem,an dtoc on tai n ac ompletedesc ri pti on ofthe
an c i en tmysteri es,asfartheywerekn own ,butc on veyedi n lan guagewhi c hshould on ly
,
beun der-
stoodbythei n i ti ated .
I
In thefollowi n gli n es,Vi rgi ldec laresthatRomewasbui lton therui n s
oftwosuc c essi vec i ti es,whi c hhadbothgon etodestruc ti on
; on ec alledJan i c ulum,theother
S aturn i a,i .e
.S atrun ja
Haec duopraeteri adi sjec ti soppi damuri s,
Reli qui asveterumquevi desmon umen tavi rorum,
Han c JANUS pater,han c
S ATURNUS c on di di turbem
JANICULUM
hui c ,i llefuerat
S ATURNIA n omen .
Weallkn owthatRomewasbui lton seven hi lls .
Itsmysteri ousc harac terIhavesuffi c i en tly
proved .
Con stan ti n ople,NovaRoma,wekn owhadthesamesac redpec uli ari ty
. Troyhasbeen
shewn byNi mrodtohavebeen thesame
. Man yauthorshavethoughttheIli adtobec opi ed
fromtheJewi shbooks .
Certai n marksofi den ti tymaybedi sc overedi n them
.
In theJewi sh
an dGen ti lemythoses,wehaveS amson an dHerc ules,
Jon asan dJan us,Jephtha' sdaughteran d
Iphi gen i a.
Wehavean Ileyan orIlli umatmoun tMeru,i n In di a ; Pergamos,thec api talof
Troy,i sPerg-omorBerg-om,themoun tai n ofOm,on eofthen amesofMeru
.
Wehaveatri be
ofHeri c ulas,on thec oastofMalabar
.Wehavethen amesofUlyssesan dCaesar :
an d,i n addi -
ti on ,Ac hi llesan dtheHerooftheMahabarat,ofValmi c ,
areeac hi n vuln erablei n everypartbut
theheel,an dbyawoun di n theheelofeac hherohei ski lled-asCri stn awas, oroughttohave
been ,when bi tten bytheserpen t-astheserpen tbi ttheheeloftheseedofthewoman ofGen esi s .
ThepoemsofHomerIc on si dertohavebeen ori gi n allysac redAsi ati c son gsorpoems, adopted
bytheGreeks,an dthat,forperhapsman ygen erati on s,theywereun wri tten
;
an d,astheyrelated
tothec yc li c Mythos,theywould,i n thepri n c i palpart,sui teveryc yc le,-n ewArgon autsan d
n ewTroys . Theywereli ketheplaysofEsc hylus,eac han epi c ,butallc ombi n i n g
toformthe
hi storyofthec yc le,tothosewhowerei n i ti ated,an dtheyweretheori gi n of
thec yc li c poems
. I
c on si der,also,thati twason thereli gi ousac c oun tthatAlexan derhad themi n thec asket,un der
hi spi llow,when heslept,asourdevoteesn owusethei rBi ble ; an dIthi n ki tveryli kelythat
Ossi an ' spoemsmi ghthavebeen mouldedtoproduc easi mi lareffec t,i fMac pherson , li keAri stotle
an dhi sc oadjutors,hadun derstoodthemythos . Hadwethewholeoftheplaysof sc hylus,as
wehavethec ruc i fi xi on ofPrometheus,un c orruptedbyourmodern emen dators, Ithi n ki tproba-
blethat,wi thourkn owledgederi vedfromIn di a,weshouldfi n d
i n themthedevelopmen tofthe
system. When thepoemsofHomerwerec omposed,theartofwri ti n g,i fkn own ,wasamagi c al
an dmason i c sec ret . Atthatti methedi gammaor vAU wasi n use . When theywerec ommi ttedto
wri ti n gbyPi si stratus,i thadgon eoutofuse .
Thi si sthereason whytheyarewi thouti t .
Poetry
was
n oti n ven ted for i tsbeauty,butforthepurposeofai di n gthememory ; an di twasappli edto
musi c forthesamereason . Ason gi n versec an sc arc elybeforgotten .
Thelearn edBasn agesays, " S everalauthorshaveattemptedtomakeHomerc on si sten twi ththe
"
sac redwri tersi n fourthi n gs ; l . In thestyle ; fortherearesoman yHebrai smsi n hi sverses, 2
"
thaton ec an ' tavoi dperc ei vi n gthathehadreadNloses,an dtheon emaybeoften explai n edby
I Allour tran slati on s of
Vi rgi l' sworks,i n c on sequen c e of
thetran slators' n otkn owi n gorn otatten di n gtothemythos,
areabsolutelyri di c ulous .
4
Vi deBogan i HomerusHebrai zan s,i n whi c hhewouldprovethatthere i s n opoetc omes so n earthesac redwri ters
n en i i n empoetai n tan toperereferresac rossc ri ptures
.
BookIX.ChapterIX.S ec ti on 2

5 4 3
" theother
.
2
.Thi spoetrelatesman yri testhathavean evi den trelati on tothoseoftheOld

Testamen t
.3 .Hi stwopoems,whi c hmaybejustlyc alledthetwoemi n en c esofParn assus,are
fullofadmi rablesen ten c es,an dthereforetheyarec omparedtothoseofS olomon ,an daparallel
I
" i sdrawn betwi xtthi ski n g' sthoughts,an dthi san c i en tpoet' s .
S c ali gerwen ttoofari n sayi n g
" thatHomerwasdi vi n elyi n spi red ; butatleastbeen teredi n toaki n dof
en thusi asm, whi c h
i n -
" spi red/ ai m, an dren deredhi sgen i usn ext-ki n todi vi n e .
" EstDeusi n n obi s ; agi tan tec elesc i musi li o
" Impetushi ssac raesemi n ameuti shabet
.
" Thean c i en tshavesai d,thatHomertravelledi n toEgypt,an dtheEgypti an sassertedthathe
" wasborn there .
s
Nowon derthen thathewasac quai n tedwi ththebooksofMoses,an di n -

struc tedi n theJewi shreli gi on i n thi sc oun try . IftheEgypti an preten c ebefalse,i tc an ' thow-

everbedi sputed,butthatthi spoetli vedlon gatS amos,an dhadac orrespon den c ewi ththe

Phoen i c i an sforagreatwhi le,whohadtaughthi mthehi storyoftheJews . ' Twasthen oti on

ofJusti n Martyr, ` thatHomerhadtaken agreatdealfromthewri ti n gsoftheOldTestamen t ;

" butwi thouti n si sti n gupon thi sdi sc ussi on ,i tsuffi c esthatthesen ten c es,whi c harei n n umerable
"
i n thi spoet' sverses,areli kethosedi spersedi n thebooksofDavi d,S olomon ,an dsac redau-

thoss :
Amodern authorhasfi lledagreatvolumewi ththi sparallelofsen ten c esan dmaxi ms,

bec ausei fS t .Paulhassan c ti fi edasayi n gofthepoetMen an der,hemi ghtli kewi sesan c ti fythe

maxi msofHomer .
Butamon gstathousan dexamples,we' llc on ten tourselveswi thon e
Be% atetyw
aaov o-oov FplAzvas ,a
aoXsc Oai .
Homerherei n troduc esapri n c esayi n g,
Hehadratherhavehi speople safethan seethemperi sh
.
' Ti sfi rstobserved,thatthi si sn otthetruemean i n gofthi smaxi m
.Theki n gmean t,n odoubt,
"
thathewoulddi ei n ordertosavehi speople . However,takethewordsasyouplease,they
" haveagreatresemblan c ewi ththoseofsc ri pture . Thefourtharti c leofc on formi tyi smuc h

morei mportan tthan therest,si n c eHomer,un derpreten c eofrec oun ti n gtheadven turesof

Ulysses,i s PROVED
tohaverelatedthoseof
Abraham,Isaac , theJudges,an dheroesofan c i en t

Israel. To gi vethegreaterauthori tytothi sc on jec ture,' ti sobserved,thatthean c i en tshave

gi ven thi stesti mon ytoHomer,thathegen erallymadeuseofallegori es . Herac li desmadea

c ollec ti on ofthi spoet' sallegori es ." 3 Therei squi tedi sc repan c yen oughbetween thepoemsof
Homeran dtheJewi shwri ti n gstoshew,thattheyweren otc opi esofon ean other ; butwhen all
theotherc i rc umstan c esarec on si dered,whi c hIshalllaybeforemyreader,Ifeelc on fi den tIshall
c on vi n c ehi m,thattheyarebutdi fferen tversi on softhesamemythi c hi story
.Homer,asremarked
byBasn age,i ssai dtohaveresi dedalon gti mei n S amos .Notfarfromthi si slan d,on thec on -
ti n en t,aretheMoun tofS olomon oroftheS olumi ,an dtheHolyLadder,&c .,desc ri bedi n thelast
book,c hapterIII
.sec t . 7. Nearthi splac ethereareari verIn dus,amoun tofCarmel,an datown
ofJasus,evi den tlyJesus,an dn eari talsowasMi letus,wheretherewasashri n eofApollo,c ele-
bratedforhi sprophec i es
; amon gwhi c hi sthefollowi n g,whi c hmaybeaddedtothoseofVi rgi l,
ofPlato,oftheApolloofDelphi ,oftheS i bylsofCumaan dErythrma,ofthei n fan toftheVi rgo
Pari turaofGaul,oftheprophec yn oti c edbyTac i tus,an dthatofFi gulus,ofZeradust,an dofthe
' " Homeri Gn omologi a dupli c i paralleli smoi llustrata,un oexloc i ssac ra
: sc ri ptures,qui bus Gn omte
Homeri c ~ v, aut
propeaffi n es,autn on prorsusabsi mi les ; alteroexgen ti umsc ri ptori bus,perJac obumDuportumCan tabri gi en sem,
i n 4 to .1 6 6 0, Can tabri gi am, p . 4 . Thereare 2 91 of them .
2 The GreekpoetNauc ratesac c usesHomerofhavi n gc opi edhi spoemfromabooki n theli braryoftheGodPtha,
atMemphi s .S pi n eto' sLec t . p
.3 3 0
.
Iti sprobablethatpoems
ofOm-eerexi stedbothi n Egypt an dIn di a .

Basn age,Booki i i .Ch .xx.

X, r
5 4 4 En oc h .Lauren c e
Drui dofBoc harai n Irelan d
.
Lac tan ti usmakestheApolloofMi letussay, Hewasamortalac -
c ordi n gtotheflesh ;
wi sei n mi rac ulousworks
; but,bei n garrestedbyan armedforc ebyc om-
man dofthe CHALDEAN
judges,hesufferedadeathmadebi tterwi thn ai lsan dstakes ." t In
thi s,ofc ourse,devoteeswi llseen othi n gbutaGen ti leprophec yofChri st
. Perhapstheymaybe
ri ght .
Butatalleven tswehaveac ruc i fi edGodi n NorthIn di a,i n S outhIn di a,atMi letus,an d
i n S yri a .
In theabovewehavemostc learlythemythosoftheIn di an san dofthetri beofJuda
un i ted .
Thesc en eofi tli esi n Phrygi a,wheretheCi tyofIli on i n Troywasplac ed,when c ethe
Roman sgotthei rPessi n un c i an ston e,an dwhi c hthen ati vesofIn di atothi sdayc allRoum,i n
whi c htheyi n c ludethewholepen i n sulaofAsi aMi n or
. Thereferen c etotheChaldean judges
shews,thatthi sc an haven oreferen c etothec ruc i fi edsavi ourofourBi ble
.Whothi sc ruc i fi ed
person ofRoumorRomawas,Ishallshewi n afuturepage
.
CHAPTERX
En oc h
.
Lauren c e-Moun tAleru-TheDeluge-Chan gefromTaurustoAri es
-Prophec yofaS avi our-Prophec yofTen Cyc les-TheElec tOn eslai n -
Chan gei n Earth' sAxi s-Gen eralObservati on s
.
1 .MR.BRUCE,
on hi sreturn fromAbyssi n i a,broughtwi thhi mthreeman usc ri ptswhi c hpur-
portedtobeexemplarsoftheEthi opi an versi on ofthelon g-lostan dmuc h-desi redbookofEn oc h
.
Idi dn otexami n eorpayan yatten ti on tothem,ti llafterthewholeofwhatthereaderhasseen
respec ti n gthec yc leswaswri tten ;
an d,aftermuc hc on si derati on ,1 havejudgedi tbetterthatmy
observati on son thi sc uri ousworkshouldbeplac edherebythemselves,thoughi tmayperhapsbe
thoughtthattheyoughttohaveappearedi n thefi fthbook
.
Thi sc elebratedan dveryi n teresti n gremn an tofan ti qui tyhasbeen tran slatedi n toEn gli sh,by
Bi shopLauren c e,aprofessorofOxford,whomai n tai n sthathehassuc c eededi n shewi n g,from
i n tern alevi den c e,thati twaswri tten aftertheBabylon i shc apti vi ty,butbeforetherei gn ofHerod
.
Iamofopi n i on ,i fIun derstan dtheBi shop,thati tc on tai n si n tern alevi den c eofamuc hearli er
date
. Alearn edwri teri n theMon thlyMagazi n e,No
.3 85 ,August1 82 3 ,Vol.LVI .pp .1 8-2 0,
den i esthatBi shopLauren c ehasshewn thattherearemarksofmorerec en tdatethan Ezrai n the
bookofEn oc h
.an dobservesthati ti salludedtoi n thelastc hapterofMalac hi
. Idon ot
professtobec ertai n thatIun derstan dei thertheseven ty-fi rstc hapter,ortheBi shop' sn oteupon
i t ; buti fIamri ghti n
mysupposi ti on thatthewri termakestheEqui n oxfall,i n hi sti me,
atthebegi n n i n gofAri es,then thedateoftheworkmusthavebeen above2 4 00yearsbefore
Chri st,atthelatest
.TheBi shopsays, 1 1 The
fourth gatei n hi sdesc ri pti on i sthatwhi c hi s
si tuateddueEastatsun ri si n g,an ddueWestatsun setti n g,an dwhi c h,an sweri n gtothesi gn
Ari es,thesun en tersattheVern alEqui n ox
.Iti sveryc learthati fthesun ,attheVern al
I
ProptereaMi lesi usApolloc on sultusutrumqueDeusan Homofueri t,hoc
modorespon di t : -Tos EY/ Y xaTac apxa,
?o(poc TEpavs w,Y Eyoi s
. A% ?'
two
Xa% bai ov KOtTfDY oavxots a-vrt% woesq, ro,4 0q
KaTa ?KoXo7rc ooi ai xpr,V aYETlAn TsTEAavr7p
.
L
ac tan t .In st .Di v.i v.Cap .xi i i . S ee also Euseb .Demon s .Ev.i i i .Cap
.vi i i .p .1 3 4 .
BookIX .ChapterX.S ec ti on 1

5 4 5
Equi n ox,wasatthebegi n n i n gofAri es,thebookmusthavebeen wri tten asearlyasIhavestated
above
.ThoughBi shopLauren c eli mi tstheperi od,beforewhi c hi tmusthavebeen wri tten ,tothe
en dofHerod,thefac tn oti c edby .Mauri c e,
t thati ti squotedbyEupolemus,shewsthati twas
wellkn own i n Greec eprevi oustotheyearB .C .2 00
.
Bi shopLauren c e,i n hi sPreli mi n aryDi ssertati on s,p
.xxxi v .,en deavourstodi sgui sethefac tof
thequotati on ofthi sbookbyEupolemus
; butIthi n khefai ls.Mr .Mauri c estatesi tbroadlyan d
hon estlyashegen erallyquotes,an d,asIthi n k,everyon ewhoc arefullyexami n eswhatLauren c e
hassai dmayseereason tobeli eve,c orrec tlytoo
.Afterobservi n gseveral wi lful mi stran slati on of
Bi shopLauren c e' s,i ftherewerean ydoubtofthetwo,Iwouldmuc hprefertherespec tableold
Mauri c e
.
Thefollowi n garethepassageswhi c hIc on ten darewi lfulmi stran slati on s,pi ousfraudsofthe
Bi shop' s : Eu -raesexxa-j6 eaesou7ravu4 eperae
i ri s
Oeeot-Thec hurc hc on si dersi tn otan i n spi red
produc ti on . 2
Agai n . Non rec epi aqui busdam-Not
un i versallyr jec ted. 3
NodoubtIshallbeac c used,asIhavebeen before,ofarageagai n stpri ests,an dfori lli berali ty
i n whatIsayagai n stthemi n man ypassagesofthi swork
.Howc an Idootherwi sethan speak
agai n stan order, -agai n stwhosefraudsan dusurpati on son theri ghtsofman ki n dthi sworki sex-
presslylevelled-thi sworkwhoseleadi n gobjec ti stoun dec ei veman ki n d,n owtheslavesofi ts
arts? ItrustIamn oti n sen si bletothepri vatevi rtuesofgreatn umbersofpri eststhedupesof
thei rorder-ofthei rc hi efs ;
butwhatamItosayortothi n kwhen Ifi n dareveren ddoc tor
ofOxford,i n then i n eteen thc en tury,gui ltyofsuc hbasen ess,asthatwhi c hIhaveexhi bi tedabove,
an dasac on sequen c e,i n steadofbei n gdi sgrac edforsuc han ac t,madean arc hbi shop ?S i n c ehi s
promoti on hehas,Iamtold,suppressedhi stran slati on .Ifthesuppressi on ofi tbean ac tofre-
morse,lethi msayso .Ihopei ti sso
.ButIbeli evei ti ssuppressedforaverydi fferen treason .
Ofc oursei ti sheldbyourpri ests,whohavealreadymoresac redbooksthan theyc an man age,
tobeaforgery ; butBi shopLauren c eadmi tsthati ti sn oti c edbyClemen sAlexan dri n usan dIre-
n eus,an d
thatn ei therofthemalludestoi tsspuri ousc harac ter
. 4 Thetruthi s,thati ti squoted
bythemprec i selyli kean yotherc an on i c alsac redsc ri pture
.
Itallegori c allyforetellsthec omi n gofS amuel,S aul,Davi d,S olomon ,thec apti vi ty,&c .,so
c learly,astoleaven oroomfordoubt ; an dthi sc learn essofc ompletedprophec yi s,i n Bi shop
Lauren c e' sopi n i on ,aproofthati ti sspuri ous ; whi lei ti sremarkablethatsupposedc learn essof
thesameki n di saproofthatIsai ahi sgen ui n e .Theargumen tofBi shopLauren c ei sgoodi n
everyc ase . Un lessthegen ui n en essofabookpurporti n gtobepropheti c betaken forgran ted,
theproofoftheveri fi c ati on ofaprophec yi sratheraproofofspuri ousn essthan thec on trary .
FaustusquotedthebookofEn oc hagai n stAugusti n e,
5
who,i n steadofden yi n gi tsgen ui n en ess,
admi tsi t,an dIdon otthi n ki tappearsthatthi sadmi ssi on i sgran tedbywayof argun een tumad
homi n em . In short,Ihaven ohesi tati on i n sayi n gthati ti s,i n myopi n i on ,tothefullaswellesta-
bli shedasaworkexi sti n gbeforetheti meofChri st,asIsai ahi s ; forIsai ahi sn otquotedbyan y
authorthatIrememberbeforetheti meofChri st .JosephussaysthatthePen tateuc hon lywas
tran slatedbytheLXX : an dbywhom,orwhen theremai n deroftheJewi shbooksweretran slated,
n oon ekn ows .Everyargumen twhi c happli esagai n stEn oc hasstatedabove,appli esagai n st
Isai ah ;
an dIammuc hmi staken i ftheargumen tdoesn otgofarther .Theargumen tfromfulfi lled
prophec yi sasfai rforon easfortheother
.Ithi n ktherec an ben odoubt,thoughdi rec tauthori ty
' In bi sHi st
.Hi n d .Vol.I .p
.4 3 8 .

2 Prel.Di s .p .xi v.

3 Ibi d .pp .xvi

.xvi i .
4 Ibi d .p .xi v.

3
IX.3 .
5 4 6

Moun tMeru
bewan ti n g,thatboththeworkswerewri tten aftertheBabylon i shc apti vi ty,butbeforetheti meof
Chri st : an di n defi an c eofBi shopLauren c e' smi srepresen tati on s,Ithi n ktherei sevi den c etoprove
thattheywereboth gen erally admi ttedsi n c etheti meofChri st
; thati s,asmuc hadmi ttedasan y
otherbooksofthec an on ,bythegen erali tyofChri sti an s .Butthereweren obooks,agai n stwhi c h
someChri sti an sdi dn otmakeobjec ti on s
; an dthec lassofbooksc alledo1 u,o% oyou1 wsvabyEusebi us,
n everdi dexi st-asthatwordc an n otberestri c tedi n i tsmean i n gtohi sown sec t,averysmallon e
i n deed,c omparedwi ththegreatmassofChri sti an s . Hi ssec tmi ghtbegreaterthan an yother,
buti ti sri di c uloustobeli evei tmoren umerousthan alltheothersec tsun i ted .
Bi shopLauren c ehas astron omi c allyproved
thebookofEn oc htohavebeen c omposedbetween
4 5 an d5 0degreesofn orthlati tude
.(Thi si sn otfarfromthen orthofIn di a,c en tralAsi a,the
ki n gdomofloudi a,where1 haveshewn thatthefi rstgreatn ati on flouri shed,an dwhereIhave
plac edS hi n ar .S eemyMap . Itmustn otbesupposedthatthi sgreatn ati on di dn otspread
overac on si derablespac eoflan d . Ihavebeen ac c usedofi gn oran c ean dblun deri n gi n plac i n g
S amarkan dhalfadegreewron g .
Howc an Ibeexpec tedtoan swersuc hc ri ti c s?)
Hehasshewn
also,thati tsori gi n allan guagewastheHebrew,whi c hwasformerlyprovedbyS c ali ger,fromthe
fragmen tspreservedbyS yn c ellus,whi c harefoun di n thepresen tbook . NowIbegmyreaderto
tellme,whetherhewouldwi shforastron gerc i rc umstan ti alproofofwhatIhavebeen sayi n gof
theHebrewsorforei gn ersbei n garac eofemi gran tsfromUpperIn di a,bri n gi n gwi ththemthe
Arabi c an dHebrewlan guagestoEthi opi a ? Ithi n ktheevi den c emustbeprettystron gtoc om-
peltheBi shoptoadmi tthe TWO
fac ts .S i n c ehebec ame abi shop, thi slearn edOri en tali st,perhaps,
hasdi sc overedthati tc on tai n edproofsofdi sagreeablec i rc umstan c es,an dthesemayhavec aused
i tssuppressi on .
Wehaveseen thati n n orthern In di awehavetheJewi shhi storyofS olomon ,Davi d,&c .,an d
thattheArabi an shadthesamehi story . There i s alsoi n eac hofthesec oun tri esthestoryof
S aul
; buti ti sveryremarkablethat,i n bothofthem,hei sc alledbyan ameun kn own tothe
Western Jews,vi z .Talut .Un derallthec i rc umstan c esIc an n otc on c ei veastron gerproofthat
theArabi an sc amefromIn di a,an dn otfromtheMosai c JewsofJudaea
.
Everypageexhi bi tstheJudaean mythos,whi c hwehaveseen tohaveexi stedbothi n Eastern
an dWestern S yri a ; buttherei squi tedi fferen c een oughbetween thetwomythosestoshewthat
theyc an n otbec opi esofeac hother.Ofthesac redbookormythosofEastern S yri a,wehaven ot
parti c ularsen oughtoforman ac c urateopi n i on .Then amegi ven toS aul,i n NorthIn di a,of Talut,
an ameun kn own i n theBi ble,i saverystron gc i rc umstan c ei n favourofi tsori en talextrac ti on .
Thelan guagei n whi c hwefi n dthebookofEn oc h,theAfri c an Ethi opi c ,when c ombi n edwi th
thevari etyofc i rc umstan c esrelati n gtothi slan guagei n Ethi opi a,whi c hIhavelai dbeforethe
reader,furn i shesgroun dformuc hc uri ousobservati on ,an dsupports,i n averyremarkableman n er,
whatIhavesai drespec ti n gthemi grati on oftheJewi shtri befromUpperIn di a .
Ifi tbesai dthatthelati tudeof4 5 or5 0wi llsui tArmen i aaswellastheEastoftheCaspi an ,I
reply,thi si sn otsupportedbyan yc i rc umstan c esli ketheother,fortherearen otradi ti on s,exc ept
whatareverytri fli n gan devi den tlythei n ven ti on ofChri sti an s . Therearen oremai n s .ofgreat
c i ti es,n oJewi shsi mi lari ti es,n ostatuesofthepatri arc hs,n oJewi shn ames,n oTempleofS olomon ,
li kethati n Cashmere
; an dthefac ti sdi rec tlyc on trarytothehi storyofGen esi s,whi c hmakesthe
desc en dan tsofNoahtohaveleftthehi llyc oun tryan dc omedown fromtheEasti n totheplai n s
thattheydi dthusmi gratehasbeen provedbybothS i rWalterRalei ghan dDr
.S huc kford,
whosetesti mon ystri ki n glyc on fi rmsthehypothesi sasmai n tai n edi n my CELTICDRUIDS .
2 .Thefollowi n gpassageofthebookofEn oc h,c h
.xxi v .,i ssoc learlydesc ri pti veofMoun t
Meru,thati tc an n otbemi staken ,an dprovestheauthortohavebeen i n ti matelyac quai n tedwi th
theHi n doodoc tri n es .
BookIX
.ChapterX
.S ec ti on 3

5 4 7
" 1 .Iwen tthen c etoan otherplac ean dsawamoun tai n offi reflashi n gbothbydayan dn i ght
.
" Iproc eededtowardsi t :
an dperc ei vedseven splen di dmoun tai n s,whi c hwerealldi fferen tfrom
" eac hother
.
" 2
.Thei rston eswerebri lli an tan dbeauti ful ; allwerebri lli an tan dsplen di dtobehold
: an d

beauti fulwasthei rsurfac e

.Threemoun tai n sweretowardstheEast,an dstren gthen edby
"
bei n gplac edon eupon an other ;
an dthreeweretowardstheS outh,stren gthen edi n asi mi lar
"
man n er .Therewereli kewi sedeepvalleys,whi c hdi dn otapproac heac hother
.An dthe
seven thmoun tai n wasi n themi dstofthem
.In len gththeyallresembledtheseatofathron e,
" an dodori feroustreessurroun dedthem .
1 1 3 .An damon gthesetherewasatreeofan un c easi n gsmell : n orofthosewhi c hwerei n
" Eden wasthereon eofallthefragran ttreeswhi c hsmeltli kethi s.Itsleaf,i tsflower,an di ts
" bark,n everwi thered,an di tsfrui twasbeauti ful .
" 4 .Itsfrui tresembledthec lusterofthepalm .Iexc lai med,Behold1 thi streei sgoodlyi n

aspec t,pleasi n gi n i tsleaf,an dthesi ghtofi tsfrui ti sdeli ghtfultotheeye

.Then Mi c hael,on e

oftheholyan dglori ousan gelswhowerewi thme,an don ewhopresi dedovertheman swered,

5 .An dsai d,En oc h,whydostthoui n qui rerespec ti n gtheodourofthi stree ?

" 6
.Whyartthoui n qui si ti vetokn owi t ?
" 7 . Then Irepli edtohi man dsai d,Con c ern i n geverythi n gIamdesi rousofi n struc ti on ,but
" parti c ularlyc on c ern i n gthi stree .
" 8.Hean sweredmesayi n g,Thatmoun tai n whi c hthoubeholdest,theexten tofwhosehead
"
resemblestheseatoftheLord,wi llbetheseaton whi c hshallsi ttheholyan dgreatLordof
"
glory,theeverlasti n gKi n g,when heshallc omean ddesc en dtovi si ttheearthwi thgoodn ess .
" 9
.An dthattreeofan agreeablesmell,n oton eofc arn alodour, (offlesh,) thereshallben o
"
powertotouc h,un ti ltheperi odofthegreatjudgmen t .When allshallbepun i shed,an dc on -
sumedforever,thi sshallbebestowedon theri ghteousan dhumble .Thefrui tofthi s tree shall
" begi ven totheelec t
. FortowardstheNorthli fe shallbeplan tedi n theholyplac e,towards

thehabi tati on oftheeverlasti n gKi n g.

" 1 0
.Then shalltheygreatlyrejoi c ean dexulti n theholyon e .Thesweetodourshallen ter
" i n tothei rbon es :
an dtheyshallli vealon gli feasthei rforefathershaveli ved- : an dn ei theri n
"
thei rdaysshallsorrow,di stress,trouble,an dpun i shmen t,affli c tthem .

1 1 .
An dIblessedtheLordofglory,theeverlasti n gKi n g,bec ausehehadprepared thi stree
"
forthesai n ts,formedi t,an ddec laredthathewouldgi vei ttothem
."
Ithi n kthereadermustseei n verse4 ,i n the
Palm
the Phoi n i xtree
ofMeru ; an di n ver .9,
themoun tofGodi n thesi desoftheNorthmen ti on edbyIsai ah,c h
.xi v.1 3 .
When Ireflec tupon thi stree,Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gi ti sc on n ec tedwi ththeallegoryofthe
treesof li fe an dof kn owledge
i n Eden ,whosebran c hesarewords,whoseleavesareletters,
&c .,&c .
In c hap.xxxi
.heagai n gi vesadesc ri pti on ofseven moun tai n s of theNorth wi thodori ferous
trees .
Thereareman ypassageswhi c hhaveac loseresemblan c ebothtotheHi n doobooksan dtothe
Jewi shprophets.Oftheformeri stheallegoryofthemoun tai n sofvari ousmetals ;
' ofthe
latter,thec ompari son oftheheaven stoabook
.Thelun arperi odof2 8daysdaysi sdi sti n c tly
n amed,
.c hapterlxxvi i .
3 .In c hapterslxxxvi i .an d lxxxvi i i .i s avery
c learallegori c aldesc ri pti on ofthedeluge : an da
P .1 6 6 .
5 4 8

Chan geFromTaurustoAri es
stari ssai dtohavefallen fromheaven
.Thi si sallc loselyc on n ec tedwi than i malsoftheBeeve
rac ei n whi c hac owi sdi sti n c tlymarkedasofthemasc uli n egen der
.Theallegoryi sc arri edon
throughseveralc hapters,i n whi c htheperson agesn amedi n thePen tateuc haresupposedby
Bi shopLauren c etobedesc ri bed-ti lli tc omestoabei n gwhoi sc alled
a
whi tec ow,
an dwho,i n
c h .lxxxvi i i .ver.1 8,i ssai dtohavebroughtforth a
blac kwi ldsow an d
a whi tesheep .
Wi ththe
produc ti on ofthesheep,theallegoryofthebullorbeeveen ds
:
an dalthoughman yotheran i mals
aren amedc on ti n ually,thebeevei sn everon c en amedafterward,ti llthec on c lusi on ,when the
bulli ssai dtoreturn ; butthesheep,whi c hwasn everon c en amedbefore,takesthelead
.The
whi te c ow, supposedbytheBi shoptobeAbraham,i n troduc esi t,althoughalmosteveryother
domesti c an i mali sn ameddi sti n c tlyman yti mes
.Thedi sti n c ti on between thebeevean dthe
sheepi smarkedi n awaythati smostextraordi n ary,an dc an n otpossi blyhavebeen somarked
wi thoutac learan ddi sti n c tmean i n g .Thec han gefromtheBull
Taurus totheRam Ari es,i sso
c learthati tc an n otbemi staken .
TheBi shop,i n n otes,shewsorgi vesthen amesoftheJewi shworthi esasfarasS olomon ,to
whomli esupposestheallegoryappli es .An di n man yc aseshi sobservati on sseemveryprobable
;
butthereareman yc i rc umstan c eswhi c hdon otapplytothoseworthi es,whi c hseemtoshewthat
theallegoryc an n otbefoun dedupon them,butratherthati ti samythosc ommon toboth
.For
i n stan c e,theBi shop,i n hi stran slati on an dn ote,statesac ow,Abraham,tohavebroughtfortha
sheep,Isaac ,an dthesheep,Isaac ,tohavebroughtforthtwelvesheep
.NowIthi n kwi ththe
Bi shop,thatthi salludestothestoryoftheIsraeli tes ; buti fi thadbeen ac opy,i twouldn ot
haveomi ttedJac ob,whoc han gedhi sn ametoIsrael
.Othersi mi lari n stan c esmi ghtbepoi n ted
out,wherethemythosesarethesame,butthevari ati on i ssogreat,thattheyc an n otbec opi es .
Leti tn otbeforgotten thatalmostallthehi stori esofGen esi shavebeen lon gkn own tobei n the
Vedas ;
an dwhen theplac esi n In di ac alledafterDavi dan dS olomon arec on si dered,i twi lln otbe
thoughtsurpri si n g,thatthei rhi stori esshouldbefoun dtherealso .
4
.Iti sn otpossi bletogi vean i deaofthen atureofthemarkeddi sti n c ti on between theBeeve
an dtheRam,un lessIc opi edseverallon gc hapters,muc hofwhi c hc ouldn owayi n terestthereader ;
Imustthereforereferhi mtothebooki tself
.Therei salsosomethi n gveryremarkablei n theway
i n whi c htheCoworHei feri sc on stan tlyspoken ofi n the masc uli n e gen der.
Isuspec tthatthe
studi edc on fusi on ofthe c olours
oftheki n e,an dofthei rgen ders,hasareferen c e,whi c hIdon ot
un derstan d,tothedi fferen tsec ts,an dtothewarsabouttheLi n gaan dlon i
.When theallegory
c han gesfromtheBeevetotheS heep,on eofthesheepi ssai dtobec omeaman ,an dtobui lda
housefortheLord
.In short,when Ic ouplethewi ldbutsti llmethodi c almysti c i smofthi sbook
wi thwhatthereaderhasseen ,Ic an feeln odoubtbutthati tc on tai n sac on c ealedhi storyofthe
c han geofthereli gi on fromTaurustoAri es
.ThehousetotheLord,theBi shopthi n ks,i sthe
templeofS olomon
.Ofthi stherec an ben odoubt : buti tmayhavebeen thetemplei n Cash-
mere ;
an d,c on si deri n gi t
proved thatthi sworkwaswri tten i n theNorthofIn di a,i ti smost
probablethati t was
thetempleofS olomon i n Cashmere
.
ThedelugeofNoahan dNoahhi mselfaredi sti n c tlyn oti c edbyn ame
;
butIthi n ki n suc ha
wayastoshewthati tc an n othavebeen c opi edfromtheJewi shbook .TheTri n i tyi salsomost
di sti n c tlyn amed,un dertheappellati on ,asBi shopLauren c etran slatesi t,of Lords-twoofwhom,
together wi ththeLord
of spi ri ts, aresai dtohavebeen en gagedi n theformati on oftheworld .
Herei sagai n theOri en taldoc tri n e
.Whatwordsarei n theori gi n alforNoahan dLordc an n ot
bekn own fromthetran slati on
.Theymayormayn otbeMen uan dIswara .On themean i n gof
suc hwordsasthesen odepen den c ec an beplac edon Bi shopLauren c e' stran slati on .Wi thoutwe
hadthewordsrepresen tedtous,asIdon owi n thewordJehovah,
rn ty
i eue,n o c on c lusi on c an be
c ometo .
BookIX
.ChapterX.S ec ti on 6

5 4 9
5 .Theforty-ei ghthc hapterc on tai n stheprophec yofsomeon etoc ome,ofan ewi n c arn ati on ,
ofasavi our,whi c hc an n otbedi sputed,i n thefollowi n gwords
1 .In thatplac eIbeheldafoun tai n ofri ghteousn esswhi c hn everfai led,en c i rc ledbyman y
" spri n gsof WIS DOM . Oftheseallthethi rstydran k,an dwerefi lledwi th WIS DOM, havi n gthei r

habi tati on wi ththeri ghteous,theelec t,an dtheholy .

2 .In thathourwasthi sson ofman i n vokedbefore (ad,spud) theLordofspi ri ts,an dhi s

" n amei n thepresen c eofthean c i en tofdays
.
" 3 .Beforethesun an dthesi gn s
1 werec reated,beforethestarsofheaven w-reformed,hi s

n amewasi n vokedi n thepresen c eoftheLordofspi ri ts . .Areportshallbefortheri ghteous

"
an dtheholytolean upon ,wi thoutfalli n g,an dheshallbetheli ghtofn ati on s .
" 4 .Heshallbethehopeofthosewhoseheartsaretroubled
.Allwhodwellupon theearth
' ~ shallfalldown an dworshi pbeforehi m : shallblessan dglori fyhi m,an dsi n gprai sestothe

n ameoftheLordofspi ri ts .
" 5
.Thereforetheelec tan dthec on c ealedon eexi stedi n hi spresen c ebeforetheworldwas
" c reated,an dforever .
" 6 .In hi spresen c e heexi sted, an dhasrevealedtothesai n tsan dtotheri ghteousthe WIS DOM
" oftheLordofspi ri ts : forhehaspreservedthelotoftheri ghteous,bec ausetheyhavehated
an drejec tedtheworldofi n i qui ty,an dhavedetestedalli tsworksan dways,i n then ameofthe
" Lordofspi ri ts ."
In severalotherplac esthi si n c arn ati on i sn amed ; hei ssai dtobepresen twi ththe an c i en tof
days, whoseheadwasli ke
whi tewool. Iti ssai dthatheshallrai seupki n gsan dhurlmi ghtyon es
fromthei rthron es,bec ausetheywi lln otprai sehi m,orhumblethemselvesbeforehi m
.Hei s
i den ti fi edwi ththeLordofspi ri ts .Hei sc alled
WIS DOM 2
-the ELECT ONE, THE MES S IAH . It
i ssai dthatheshallsi tupon athron eofglory,an dshalljudgesi n n ers . 3 An dfi n allyi ti ssai d,
thatthesai n tsshallrejoi c ebec ausetheLordofspi ri tshasexec utedjudgmen t,forthe bloodof
theri ghteous WHICH HAS BEEN
S HED ; alludi n gtothebloodoftheelec ton e .
Howc an thi sbeac c oun tedfor ?
Doestheprophetn otherealludetothec ruc i fi edBuddha,
Cri stn a,orBalaji i ?
Hereweseelon gbeforethedeathofChri st,theri ghteousbloodoftheelec t
on ehadbeen shed .Atalleven ts,atthedeathofChri stthedoc tri n eofthedeathof theelec ton e
wasn otn ew.
Thi spassagerespec ti n gthebloodoftheelec ton e HAVING BEEN shed,c learly
PROVES thatthi s
c an ben oforgeryafterthedeathofChri st .Iti si mpossi bletoattri butesuc habsurdi tytoan y
fabri c atorofsuc hawork,professi n gtohavebeen wri tten beforetheti meofChri st
.
6
.Buttomethemosti n teresti n gofallthepassagesi son ewhi c hc learlymakesoutthec yc les
whi c hIhavebeen c on ten di n gforamon gtheJews .Thebooksays,
" Chap .xc i i .ver .4 ,En oc hthen began tospeakfromabookan dsai d : Ihavebeen born the

seven thi n thefi rstweek,whi lejudgmen tan dri ghteousn esswai twi thpati en c e ."
Herei sevi den tlythefi rstc yc leen di n gwi ththetran slati on ofEn oc h .S ee Book V .Chap .III
.
S ec t
.2 .
" 5 .Butafterme,i n thesec on dweek,greatwi c kedn essshallari se,an dfraudshallspri n g
" forth.
" 6 . In thatweek 4
theen dofthefi rstshall takeplac e,i n whi c hman ki n dshallbesafe
."
Thi si sc uri ouslyc on tri vedtodesc ri betheei ghtyearsoftheCyc leof6 08run n i n gi n tothen ext
orseven thc en tury .
I S i gn softheZodi ac
.

'
Ch.
zli i
.

3
Ch .xlv.S ec t .vi i .

4 In i t .
5 5 0

TheElec tOn eS lai n

4 ' 7
.
Butwhen thefi rsti sc ompleted,i n i qui tyshallgrowup
: an dheshallexec utejudgmen t
" upon si n n ers .
' IS . Afterward,i n thethi rdweek,
duri n gi tsc ompleti on ,
aman oftheplan tofri ghteousjudg-
" men tshallbeselec ted :
an dafterhi mtheplan tofri ghteousn essshallc omeforever ."
Herearethethreec yc les,en di n gwi ththebi rthofNoahtheri ghteous
.
" 9
.S ubsequen tly,i n thefourthweek,duri n gi tsc ompleti on ,thevi si on softheholyan dthe
" ri ghteousshallbeseen ,the
orderofgen erati on aftergen erati on shalltakeplac e, an dan habi ta-
ti on shallbemadeforthem
.Then ,i n thefi fthweek,duri n gi tsc ompleti on ,thehouseofglory
" an dofdomi n i on shallbeerec tedforever
."
Herei n thefourth,probably,i smean twhatan swerstothearkc omi n gtoGeri zi morS hi lo,
astheS amari tan ssay,an di n thefi fthi sthetempleofS olomon
.

1 0
.Afterthat,i n thesi xthweek,allthosewhoarei n i tshallbedarken ed,theheartsofall
" ofthembeforgetful
ofwi sdom, an di n i tshallaman asc en d
.(Eli jah .)

1 1
.Duri n gi tsc ompleti on alsothehouseofdomi n i on shallbeburn twi thfi re,an dalltherac e
' ~ oftheelec trootbedi spersed .(Babylon i shCapti vi ty
.)
" 1 2
.Afterward,i n theseven thweek,aperversegen erati on shallari se : abun dan tshallbei ts

deeds,an dalli tspowersperverse

.Duri n gi tsc ompleti on ,theri ghteous,selec tedfromthe

plan tofeverlasti n gri ghteousn ess,shallberewarded :

an dtothemshallbegi ven seven -fold
" i n struc ti on ,respec ti n geverypartofhi sc reati on ."
Thoughtheallusi on s,asexplai n edbyBi shopLauren c ei n thewordsi n paren theses,aresuffi -
c i en tlyc lear,Ithi n ki ti sevi den tlyn otc opi edfromtheJewi shBi bleaswehavei t
.

1 3
.Afterwardthereshallbean otherweek,theei ghthofri ghteousn ess,towhi c hshallbe
"
gi ven aswordtoexec utejudgmen tan djusti c eupon alloppressors .
" 1 4
.S i n n ersshallbedeli veredupi n tothehan dsoftheri ghteous,whoduri n gi tsc ompleti on
"
shallac qui rehabi tati on sbythei rri ghteousn ess : an dthehouseofthegreatki n gshallbebui lt

upforever . Afterthat,i n then i n thweek,shallthejudgmen tofri ghteousn essberevealedto

thewholeworld .
" 1 5
.Everyworkoftheun godlyshalldi sappearfromthewholeearth : theworldshallbe
G0 markedfordestruc ti on
:
an dallmen shallbeeon the look out forthepathofi n tegri ty .

1 6
.An dafterthi s,on theseven thdayoftheten thweek,thereshallbean everlasti n gjudg-

men t
)
whi c hshallbeexec utedupon thewatc hers : an daspac i ous,etern alheaven shallspri n g
" forthi n themi dstofthean gels .
"
1 7 .
Theformerheaven shalldepartan dpassaway : an ewheaven shallappear : an dallthe
"
c elesti alpowersshi n ewi thseven -foldsplen dourforever
."
Thusen dsthen umberi n goftheweeks ;
an dIthi n kthereadermustc on fess,thatIc ould
sc arc elyhavewi shedforac on fi rmati on ofmytheoryoftheten c yc lesmoredec i si ve
.An dIthi n k
wemayfai rlyi n fer,thati fthearran gemen toftheformerpartc hew,thati ti sn otac opyfromthe
Jewi shS c ri ptures,theabsen c eofamoreparti c ularprophec yi n referen c etoJEsus,skews,thati t
musthavebeen wri tten bothbeforetheGospelsan dbeforehi sbi rth : formostassuredlythe
wri terwouldhavei mi tatedtheprophec yrelati n gtotheMessi ah,Cyrus,i n Isai ah,an dhaven amed
hi mbyhi sn amei fi thadbeen i n hi spower
.
7 .
Ic an n otwellc on c ei vean ythi n gmorec orroborati veofmytheorythan thatthi sc uri ouswork
shouldbewri tten i n theHebrewlan guage,beloc atedi n themoun tai n sofAfghan i stan ,an dbe
foun di n thec oun tryoftheAfri c an Ethi opi an s
.Thatallthesefac tsshouldbemadeoutforme
bythelearn edBi shop,forverylearn edhemostun questi on ablyi s,wi thouthavi n gtheleast
suspi c i on ofthen atureofmytheory,whi c h,i fhebadhad,hewouldhavebeen mostvi olen tly
BookIX.ChapterX
.S ec ti on 7

5 5 1
opposedtoi t,an dwi thouthavi n gan ytheoryofhi sown -whatc an be morestri ki n gthan thati t
shouldsoc learlydesc ri be
my ten c yc les ! -whatmorec uri ousthan i tsprophec yofthe S avi our !
In thi sbookwefi n dac leardesc ri pti on ofafutureMessi ahori n c arn ateS avi our .Iti salso
foretoldthathei stobeputtodeath
.MostoftheJewi shhi story,aswellasthePen tateuc hi an
hi story,i sfoun dhere,asarealsosomeofthemoststri ki n gofthedoc tri n esoftheHi n doos-
parti c ularlythei rmoun tMeruan dthei rTri n i ty-sothatthec losec on n exi on between In di aan d
i tsauthor,c an n otbedi sputed
.TheChri sti an professorofOxfordmai n tai n sthati ti sn otgen ui n e ;
butheprovesthati twaswri tten beforeChri st
.Then howi stheprophec ytobeexplai n ed,-the
fulfi lledprophec y?
Thefac ti s,therehavebeen twoMessi ahs,orelec ts,orson sofman ;
twoJewi shmythoses ;
twoNoahs ; twotri besofJuda
.On thi ssubjec tIshallhavemuc h
moretosayhereafter
.Howeverthi smaybe,thewholeservestoshewtheabsoluteun c er-
tai n tyofareli gi on foun dedon doc umen tsofthi ski n d
.Iti smuc hmorec learthan Isai ah,an dhas,
tosaytheleast,asmuc hevi den c ei n favourofi tsgen ui n en ess
.When wastheprophec yofIsai ah
fi rstkn own ?
Josephusprovesthati twasn ottran slatedwi ththePen tateuc h
; an dthoughhe
preten dstoskewthatIsai ahwaskn own toPtolemy,an dgi vesaletterofPtolemy' srespec ti n g
hi m,thi si sn otc on temporaryevi den c e,butthemereasserti on ofaparti san ,hun dredsofyears
afterIsai ah' sdeath
.In i tsprophec yofaS avi our,thebookofEn oc hi smuc hc learerthan Isai ah,
thoughi tdoesn ot(asIsai ahdoesi n thec aseofCyrus)gi vehi mbyn ame
.Butfromi tswhole
c harac terIc an n otdoubt,thati fi thadbeen wri tten aftertheChri sti an reli gi on hadmadean y
progress,i twouldhavefollowedtheexampleofIsai ah,an dhavegi ven theS avi our' sn ame
.I
thereforec on c ludethati twaswri tten beforetheti meofChri st
.Thebooki sofgreatc on sequen c e
tome,bec ausei tprovesthetruthofthesystemofren ewedi n c arn ati on si n ren ewedc yc les
.
Iti si mpossi bletoreadthebookofEn oc h,an dn ottobestruc kwi ththesi mi lari tyofstyleto
thatoftheJewi shprophets,parti c ularlyIsai ahan dJeremi ah
: thesameexpressi on sareperpe-
tuallyrec urri n g
.Thesamemaybesai dofthec elebratedDesati r(whi c hwassohi ghlypri zedby
S i rWi lli amJon es)i n theac c oun ttherei n gi ven ofthe
fourteen
Maha-badsorGreatBuddhasor
Prophetswhohadappeared,orweretoappear,toen li ghten theworld
: thefi rstofwhom,
Hushan g,di vi dedman ki n di n tofourc lasses-thereli gi ous,themi li tary,thec ommerc i al,an dthe
agri c utural
.Ofthegen ui n en essoftheDesati r,S i rW
.Jon eshadn odoubt
.Iamn otsoeasi ly
sati sfi ed :
thoughi tmaybetruethati twastran slatedbyMoshan i fromalan guagen own oti n
use
.Itc learlyalludestotheChri sti an an dMolamedan systems,ortotwosystemswhi c han swer
tothem
.
Byan dbymyreaderwi llseethatthi si sn oproofei therofi tsspuri ousn essori ts
c orrupti on
.
Isupposeatthi sday
n oon ewi ll
beweaken oughtomai n tai n thatthi sbookofEn oc hi s
di vi n ely
i n spi red,
asi ti srejec tedbyourc on sc i en c e-keepersthebi shops
.Then whatarewetomakeof
i t
?
Herearealltheleadi n gdoc tri n eswhi c hIhavebeen c on ten di n gforc learlymai n tai n ed
.The
resi den c eorbi rth-plac eofthetheology,UpperIn di a
;
thesi gn softheZodi ac
; thec han geofthe
Equi n oxfromTaurustoAri es
;
(ofwhi c hn oon ec an judgewhohasn otreadthewholework
; )
theHi n dooTri n i ty,than whi c hn othi n gc an bemorec lear
;
thedesc ri pti on ofMoun tMeru,wi th
i tsparadi seorhan gi n ggarden s,surroun dedbyi tsseven moun ts,wheretheGodssaton thesi des
oftheNorth ;
thesac redPhoi n i xtree,an dahi storysi mi lartotheJewi sh,butn otc opi edfrom
i t
; theprophec yofan elec ton e
asdesc ri bedbyalltheprophets,i n c ludi n gtheprophec yofVi rgi l,
an dtheelec ton eputtodeath,n oti c edbymei n thec asesofBuddha,Cri stn a,an dhi mofthe
ApolloofMi letus ;
an dlastly,thec leareluc i dati on oftheten ages,alludedtobyVi rgi l,an d
taughtbytheBuddhi stsan dBrahmi n s
.Ithasbeen theobjec tofthi sworktoshewthatan
un i versalsystemexten dedoverthewholeoftheoldworld
; an dthepri n c i palfac tsforwhi c hI
5 5 2

Chan gei n Earth' sAxi s

havec on ten dedaresupportedbythi sc uri ousan dun questi on ablygen ui n edoc umen t
: forn o
on ec an doubtthati ti stheac tualman usc ri ptbroughtfromEthi opi abyMr
.Bruc e
.When all
thesethi n gsarec on si dered,i tsurelyaffordsveryextraordi n aryevi den c e
.Ihaveshewn that
thehi storyi n Gen esi si s,i n alli tsleadi n gparti c ulars,tobefoun di n theEast
; an d,i n several
ofthemosti mportan tpoi n ts,thati ti sac opyfromtheori en talon e,i fei therbeac opy
.The
fac tshewn byDr .A .Clarkethattheserpen tbi testhe
foot
n otthe heel, i s on eexample-an d
theDoc tor' sobservati on i sdec i si vean di n valuable
: for,when theBrahmi n i c on or pi c ture
makestherepti lebi tethe foot
hedoesn otbi tethe heel ; an d,therefore,i tc an n othavebeen
c opi edfromGen esi s . Butwhen thewri terofGen esi smakestheserpen tbi tetheheel,he
mayhavec opi edfromtheEast,forbedoesbi tethefoot .Itwi lln otbeden i ed,thati ti svery
extraordi n arythatthi sbook,wri tten i n theHebrewlan guage,between 4 0an d5 0degreesof
Northlati tude,shouldbefoun dtobepartofthe
S ACREDCANON oftheEthi opi an sofAfri c a-
thepeoplewho,aswehaveseen ,havesuc hstri ki n gmarksofaffi n i tyi n thei rlan guagewi th
theHi n doos ; an d,thattheoldestc opywehaveofi t,i si n thelan guageofthi sc oun try .
Bi shopLauren c eadmi ts,thati twaswri tten beforetheti meofChri st,buthedoesn ot
attempttoac c oun tfortheexpressi on ofthebloodoftheri ghteousbei n gshed
.Thec i rc umstan c e
mostremarkablei n thi sbook,i sthemi xtureofthedi fferen tdoc tri n esofc oun tri essowi dely
separatedfromeac hother .When Ic on si derthat,i n man yc oun tri es,thesedoc tri n eshadbec ome
forgotten orwerelost,thati n n oon ec oun tryi n theti mesoftheRoman s,weretheyallkn own ,
an dthattheyarethedoc tri n esorratherthefragmen tsofthedoc tri n es,ofdi fferen tagesan dof
wi delyseparatedc oun tri es,whi c hdoc tri n es,asIhavec on ten ded,c on sti tutedthoseofapri meval
n ati on ,Ic an n othelplooki n gtoaveryremoteoerafori tsexi sten c e .When Ifi n dtheac c oun tof
Davi dan dS olomon alludedtoi n thi sIn di an book,Iamalmosti n duc edtoc on si derthemli kethe
heroesofTroy
.For,when theyarealludedto,i ti sn otbyn ame,an dthei rn amesgi ven bythe
bi shop,i n paren theses,aren oti n theori gi n al,butareon lyi n feren c esofhi sown ,butwhi c hi n fer-
en c esaresoc learthatIthi n ktheyc an n otbedoubted
.Then doweatlastc ometothi s,that
thewholei samythosc on c ealedun deran apparen thi story
; or,i si tblen dedwi thtruehi storyi n
orderthebettertoc on c eali t?-li kethepoemofHomer,atrue basi s an dan allegori c alorfabu-
loussuperstruc ture . Butwemustn otforgetthatthehi storyofS olomon ,hi stemple,&c .,may
allrefertotheEastern aseasi ly,an di n deedmuc hmoreeasi ly,astotheWestern S yri a
.I
muston c emoreremi n dmyreader,thatallattemptshi thertomadetoac c oun tforthean omali es
ofan c i en thi storyan dmythology,haveutterlyfai ledtosati sfyan yperson s,exc eptmeredevotees,
who,i n everyn ati on ,arethesame,an darealwayssati sfi edwi thwhatthei rpri eststellthem ;
an dthatmyexerti on stodi sc overthetrutharei n opposi ti on tothefraudsofthepri estsofall
reli gi on s,aswellastheeffec tsofti me,whi c hi salwaysai di n gthemi n thei rsystemofsuppress-
i n gevi den c ean d' i n keepi n gman ki n di n i gn oran c e .
8.Imustn otomi tton oti c eaveryextraordi n arypartoftheprophec yrelati n gtoNoahan d
theflood.Itsays,Ch .Ixi v.S ec t .xi .ver.1 ,p .1 6 3 , ' 1 In thosedaysNoahsawthattheearthbe-
i c amei n c li n ed,an dthatdestruc ti on approac hed ."
Thi si samostextraordi n aryasserti on ,thatthefloodwasc ausedbythedi sturban c eoftheaxi s
oftheearth,an di ssototallyori gi n alan dun expec tedthatBi shopLauren c ehasplac edi tatthe
en dofthebook,bec ause,hesays,i ti san evi den ti n terpolati on ; buthegi vesn oreason forthi s,
an dhasn on e,Isuppose,exc eptthathec an n otgi vetheauthorc redi tfortheastron omi c aldoc -
tri n eofthec han geoftheearth' saxi s
.Ilookupon i tasaveryc uri ousan dan c i en ttradi ti on
respec ti n gthec auseoftheflood,whi c hhasbeen c on si deredtohavebeen i tsrealc ausebyman y
bothofthean c i en tan dmodern phi losophers
.Ishallreturn tothi ssubjec thereafter .
BookIX
.ChapterX.S ec ti on 9

5 5 3
Butwhowasreferredtoi n thebloodofthe
elec ton e puttodeath ? Wasi tPrometheusc ru-
c i fi edon Moun tCauc asus
? Wasi tIxi on ? Wasi tthemysti c doveorDi vi n eLoveun derthe
formorthen ameofS emi rami s
? Wasi tBal-ji ,the LordJi
Q
Wasi tCri stn a,orwasi tBuddha?
Or,wasi ttheperson foretold,orsai dtobec ruc i fi ed,bytheApolloofMi letus
?
9 .Iflattermyselfmyreaderwi llbegi n toperc ei vethatmyobjec ti stoprove,thatan un i versal
lan guagean dphi losophy,i n veryremoteti mes,pervadedthewholeoftheoldworld
; thati twas
aphi losophy,beauti fulan dfun damen tallytrue
; thati thadfori tsbasemen ttheexi sten c eofon e
God,towhomwereasc ri bedtheattri butesofc reati n g,preservi n g,an ddestroyi n g
; thati tspro-
fessorswere blac k i n c olour,an d
PROBABLY n egro i n form ; thati twasarac eofHerbac eous
bei n gs,ki lli n gn oharmlessan i mal,perhapsn oan i malwhatever .Whetheri twereaslearn edas
Mon s
.Bai llysupposedhi san tedi luvi an rac etohavebeen ,maybematterofdoubt,orwhetheri t
mayn othavebeen theori gi n alrac ei tself .ButtheNorosmusthavebeen i n ven tedbysome
person s,an dwec an trac ei tn ofartherbac kthan therac eofwhi c hIn owspeak,an di ti sfoun d
i n thei rpossessi on .Afterac ertai n ti mewefi n dhi stori c alac c oun tsi n In di a,ofthefollowersof
thefi rstpri n c i plehavi n gbec omespli ti n toparti es,or,i n otherwords,ofi tsprofessorshavi n g
fallen i n todi fferen c esofopi n i on ,suc c eededbywarsofgreatlen gthan dc ruelty ; i n thec ourseof
whi c h,vari oustri besweredri ven outtotheWest : when c e,bydegrees,arosethen umberof
vari ati on softhemythos,wi thwhi c htheworldhasbeen tormen tedoramused
.Thoughthese
weredi fferen tmythosesi n somerespec ts,yeti n thefun damen talpri n c i pletheywereallthesame,
an dbore,throughallthei rdi fferen trami fi c ati on s,on eun i versalfami lyc harac ter-vi z .theTri -
n i ty,themetempsyc hosi s,theren ewalorregen erati on ofworlds,attheen dofeveryc yc leof6 00
an d6 000years,theabsen c eofi dols,an d,asIhavejustn owsai d,theabsti n en c efroman i malfood .
TheseweretheCyc lopwan Buddhi sts,thebui ldersofS ton ehen ge,ofAbury,an dofCarn ac .
Theyweresuc c eededbythefoun dersofOxford,Cambri dge,an dIon a,upon theCyc lopeean rui n s .
TheyweretheAtlan ti desorson softheearth ; theyweretheson softheetherealfi reorofVul-
c an ,whoseCyc lopaean bui ldi n gsyetservetoaston i shourmec han i sts,an dexc i tethewon deran d
despai rofouran ti quari an s .
Ithi n kmyreaderwi llhaven odi ffi c ultyn owi n perc ei vi n gthegen eralc harac teri sti c marksof
on esystemeverywhereprevai li n g .Ithasbeen thegreatmi sfortun eoftheworld,thati tspro-
fessors,i tsVyasas,Pythagorases,an dPlatos,haveallbeen deludedwi ththei deathatthedoc -
tri n ewastoosubli meforthemassofman ki n d
: thi si magi n ati on i n duc i n gthemtoc on c eali ti n
vari ousways,affordedan opportun i tytothei rsuc c essorstoformpri esthoods,i n fac tc orporati on s
an dc orrespon di n gsoc i eti es,whosei n teresti tbec ametotakec are,bykeepi n gthepeoplei n
i gn oran c e,thatthedoc tri n eshouldalwaysremai n toosubli meforthem
.Thusfromthedaysof
Bi shopVyasatothedaysofBi shopLauren c e,thesamec oursehasalwaysbeen pursued
; an d,
wi thasmuc hzealan dasmuc hsystemasthei mprovedstateofman ki n dwi llpermi t,i ti syet
c on ti n ued .BeforeIc on c ludethi swork,IhopeIshallbeablen earlytostri poffthetawdry
di sgui seswhi c hhavebeen pi ledupon bothGen ti li sman dChri sti an i ty,an dtorestorethemtothe
i den ti c alsystemprac ti sedi n thesac ri fi c eofbreadan dwi n eorwater,attheshri n eofthe
f7' i e,
IE
orJah,atDelphi ,byPythagoras,an dbyAbraham,i n thesameri te,atthealtarofthepri est
Melc hi sedek,theKi n gofJusti c e-oftheDhermaRajah,ofthesamereli gi on ofwhi c hJesus
Chri sti ssai dtohavebeen dec laredapri est .Ishallshewthatthereli gi on sofMelc hi sedek,of
Jesus,an dofPythagoras,werethesame,an dthatthec elebratedChri sti an father,Justi n the
Martyr,spoken othi n gbutthetruth,when hedec laredthatS oc rateswasaChri sti an
.Iamn ot
thefi rstperson whobroac hedthi sdoc tri n e
.S i xteen hun dredyearsagoaveryc elebrated,an d
probably,allthi n gsc on si dered,themostlearn edofalltheChri sti an fathers,Ammon i usS ac c as,
taughtthi sdoc tri n e-thatalltheGen ti lereli gi on saswellastheChri sti an ,weretobei llustrated
5 5 4

Gen eralObservati on s
an dexplai n edbythepri n c i ples
of an
un i versalphi losophy,but
thati n ordertodothi s,thefables
ofthepri estsweretoberemovedfromPagan i sm,an dthec ommen tsan di n terpretati on softhe
di sc i ples of
Jesus
fromChri sti an i ty
.Thi sphi losophermi ght
well bec alled, ashe hasbeen ,the
orn amen t of
theChri sti an c ausei n thesec on dc en tury
.
Buttheseedwhi c hhesowedfell on
roc ky
plac es,an dbroughtforthn ofrui t
.Hethrewhi spearlsbeforeswi n e . Alas ! hi sdoc tri n e
wasmuc htoosubli meforthewretc hedan dmi serablerac ewhi c hsuc c eededhi m
. Forsuc hmen
asIren aeus,whosawthestatueofLot' swi fe,i an dasthelearn edOri gen ,hi spupi l,(reallyi n
lan guageslearn ed,)whoc astratedhi mselfforthegloryofGod,an dAugusti n ethe
glory
of
Afri c a,whosaysbesawmen
i n
Ethi opi awi thoutheads,butwi thon eeyei n thebreast
. Fabri -
c i usan dLardn er,asi ffearfullestsomethi n greallygoodan drespec tableshouldbefoun damon g
thei rpredec essorsthefathersoftheChri sti an Churc h,wi shtoexc ludeAmmon i usfromtheli st
;
butMoshei m,whowasori gi n allyofthei ropi n i on ,sawc ause,on furtherexami n ati on ,toc han ge
i t,an d,i n suc hc han ge,asMr
.Taylortrulysays,shewedthemarksofamastermi n d . 2 But
Moshei mbadwhathasbeen seldomfoun di n theChri sti an c ause,hehadsi n c eri ty,aswellas
learn i n g.
AlthoughformysystemIgon ottothesupportofgreatn ames,yetIamn oti n sen -
si bletothevalueoftheopi n i on ofsuc haman asS ac c as,who,
i n
addi ti on tohi slearn i n g,un i ted
theadvan tageofbei n gn earertothefoun tai n -bead,theori gi n
of thi n gs,byn oc on tempti blepe-
ri od-si xteen hun dredyears
.
1
ThestoryofLot' swi fei sthebestprovedmi rac lewhi c hwehaveon rec ord
. Ifperson swi lln otbeli evethi s,they
wi llbeli even othi n g
.
IfeverIhavethehappi n esstogotoS yri a,thefi rstthi n gIshalldowi llbetovi si tLot' swi fe
.
Thehi storyofthefateofthi sun happywoman i sfi rsttoldi n Gen esi s,xi x
.2 6 .Thi swasabouttwothousan dyears
beforeChri st
.Iti sn extn oti c edi n theWi sdomofS olomon ,supposedtohavebeen wri tten byPhi lo,orabouthi sti me .
Thi sauthorsays,c h
.x .
7,astan di n gpi llarofsalti samon umen tofan un beli evi n g
soul. Then extwi tn essi stheJewi sh
hi stori an ,
soun i versallyc elebratedforhi sverac i ty,
Josephus,An ti q.Li b .i .Cap .xi .,whosays, Ihaveseen i t,an di t
remai n satthi sday.
Then extwi tn essi sClemen t,ofRome,
who
atteststhati twasstan di n gi n hi sday . (Whi ston ' s
n otei n loc o,i n hi stran slati on ofJosephus
.)Butthemostperfec tan dc ompleteevi den c e,wi th
parti c ulars whi c hare
reallysurpri si n g,i sgi ven about1 5 0yearsafterward,bytheChri sti an bi shop,sai n t,an dmartyr,ofGaul,Iren aeus .
Ishallgi vethepassagefromhi sworkatfull,i n the
ori gi n al, forvari ousreason s .Hesays,"
QuemadmodumetLot,
q
ui eduxi tdeS odomi sfi li assues,quaec on c eperun tdepatresuo,qui reli qui ti n c on fi n i ouxoremsuamstatuamsali s
" usquei n hodi ern umdi em

Etc umhaec fi eren t,uxorreman si ti n S odomi s,jamn on c aroc orrup-

tabi li s,sedstatussali ssemperman en s,' etpern aturali a,Ieaquaesun tc on suetudi n i shomi n i s,osten den s,quon i am

etec c lesi a,qumestsalterrae,subreli c taesti n c on fi n i oterra,pati en squi esun thuman a : etdumsn i peauferun tur

abeamembrai n tegra,perseveratstatuasali s,quodestfi rmamen tumfi dei ,fi rman setpraemi tten sfi li osadpatrem

i psorum" Iren .Cap .li .p .3 5 4 ,ed

.Oxon . 1 702 . An di n theeleven thc en turyi twassti llexi sti n g .Ben j
.de
Tudela(Ch .i x .)says, "
Fromthi smoun tyouhaveaprospec toftheseaofS odom ; fromwhi c hseai ti sabouttwo
p

arasan gatothepi llarofsalt,i n towhi c hLot' swi fewasmetamorphosed .Thepi llarorstatuei si n deeddai lywasted
bythec attle,whoareperpetuallyli c ki n g,
or ratherrubbi n gagai n st, i t,buti ti sli kewi sedai lyrestored,an dbec omes

asi twasbefore
." Ion lyregretthatIc an n oti n dulgemyreaderwi than ac c oun tofi tspresen tstate,fromthe
travelsofMon s
.Chateaubri an d ; for,ofc ourse,hewouldn otgototheJordan tofetc hwatertobapti zetheDukeof
Bourdeaux,wi thoutexami n i n gthi sveryi n teresti n gpi llar .

Moshei m,Vol.I .p
.1 70,n ote .

"
S tatuasali ssemperman en s .] ItaetClemen sRom .i n Epi st .adCori n th .Memorat, c arveloos i ws TVsj spas
" savn vs.S .xi .AtqueexJudeei s,Josephus
.An ti q
.Li b.i .Cap
.xi ."
4 " Pern aturali a,eaqueesun tc on suetudi n i shomi n i s
.] Men struui n fluxummuli ebri sexui n aturalemi n di gi tare
" vi detur,utpotequemuxori Loti ,li c etjami n statuamsali sversae,quosquamadsc ri psi sse,velafn xi sse,doc etauc tor

Carmi n i sdeS odoma,quodi n terTertulli an i atqueCypri an i operaextat,postmedi umi tsdeuxoreLoti c an en s

Di c i turetvi ven sali ojamc orporesexusmun i fi c ossoli todi spun geresan gui n emen ses ."
( 5 5 5 )
BOOKX
CHAPTER I
Gen eralObservati on s-S ec retDoc tri n es-S ubjec tc on ti n ued-Observati on s-
TwoClassesofAvatars-Romi shMi ssi on ari es-S tarofAbraham,Moses,&c
.,
&c
.-Pythagoras-S i byls-Cabala-Chan gei n Reli gi on -Mean i n goftheword
S i byl-Bywhomquoted-Ac rosti c -NameofChri st-Clarke' sIn sc ri pti on
-S ubjec tc on ti n ued-Ci c eroadmi tsAc rosti c --Extrac tfromDupui s-Bi shop
Horsley .
1 .
IN
allourspec ulati on swemustn everforget,thatthewholeMythos,ofwhi c hIhavebeen
treati n g,wasn otkn own ,buti n greatpartlost,bythean c i en tGreeksan dRoman s,i n thei rday,
an dalsobytheBrahmi n swhen themodern European sarri vedi n In di a .Theon lydi fferen c ebe-
tween theman dusi s,thattheyreallybeli evedthemythos,li ttleasi twaskn own tothem,tobe
true,an dthus,madeeverythi n gben dan dfi ttoi t,asfaraswasi n thei rpower
.Wehavebeen
equallyi gn oran t,buthaveen deavouredtodi sgui setoourselvesthereali ty-theexi sten c eof
i t
; -phi losophersan di n qui rersi n gen eralhavedon ethi sfromi n c reduli ty,ari si n gfromwhat
appearedtothemthei mprobabi li tyofthen atureofi t
:
foron eexample,thatthereshould
bean ati on ofJewsorki n gdomofJudahi n c en tralAsi a .An otherexamplemaybefoun di n the
n ame
S olomon , di sgui sedi n toS olei man ,S olyman ,&c .Iti si n c on c ei vablewhatan i n fluen c ethi s
feeli n ghashadon phi losophersan di n qui rersgen erallyi n di sgui si n gan dc on c eali n gthetruth
.
Thesearefac tswhi c hc an n otbeden i ed ; an dthesearefac tswhi c hwemustn otlosesi ghtoffora
momen t
; for,wi thoutthem,wec an n otformac orrec ti deaoftherealstateofthec ase
.They
wi llen ableustoac c oun tforman yc i rc umstan c es
:
theyparti c ularlysupportmei n shewi n g,that
thean c i en tshadrec oursetoexpedi en tsan dc on tri van c estoremovedi ffi c ulti es,an dbythi smean s
tomakethepropheti c partofthemythosc ometrue .
Thesystemhadi tsori gi n fromthedi sc overyan dadopti on oftheCyc les,whi c hIhaveexplai n ed
i n thefi fthbook
; -asystemwhi c haroseoutofthefi rstn ec essi ti esofc i vi li zedman
.Wi ththe
begi n n i n gofhi sc i vi li zati on theymusthavebegun .Howthi stookplac eIshallshewbyan dby
.
Upon these,byan un i on ofc un n i n gan dc reduli ty,thereli gi on wasbydegreesformed .Ci rc um-
stan c esweresofavourabletoi t,thatIc an n otc on c ei vean ythi n gmoren atural
.Itwasthere-
gularc ourseofeven ts .Theren everhasbeen areli gi on i n ven ted den ovo .
In fac t,beforeI
fi n i shIshallprovethat,i n thec i vi li zedworld,theren everwasbuton ereli gi on
.Whatwehave
c alleddi fferen treli gi on s,bec ausewedi dn otun derstan dthem,werebutmodi fi c ati on sofon ereli -
gi on .
Allthesec on si derati on swemustbeari n mi n d,i n ourfuturespec ulati on s
.
2
.Iti saveryextraordi n aryc i rc umstan c ethatthougheveryon eofthean c i en trabbi s,an d
perhapseveryon eofthean c i en tfathersofthec hurc h,whomustn ec essari lyhavekn own the
truth,haveadmi ttedthattheJewi shan dChri sti an reli gi on sc on tai n edsec retan dmysteri ousdoc -
tri n esn otkn own tothevulgar,an dalthoughgreatn umbersofthemostemi n en tmodern s,suc h
asThomasBurn et,&c .,&c .,haveprofessedthei rbeli efthatthereli gi on di dc on tai n suc hsec ret
doc tri n es,yetthatn oon eofthemhassethi mselfseri ouslytothetaskofun vei li n gthem-ofdi s-
5 5 6
S ubjec tCon ti n ued
c overi n gwhatwasthei rn ature .
Thean c i en tGen ti les,also,alwaysprofessedthesamethi n gof
thei rreli gi on ,an dAmmon i usS ac c asan dhi sfewChri sti an an dphi losophi c alfollowersalways
heldthat,atthebottom,theChri sti an an dGen ti lemysteri eswerethesame
. Wri tersagai n st
themodern ortheexoteri c Chri sti an i tywehavehadi n abun dan c e,butn everhavewehada
Hobbes,aHerbert,oraBoli n gbroke,toen deavourtodi sc overthi ssec ret .
Thusthei rattempts
toexposetheerroran dn on sen seofthevulgarexoteri sm,havebeen suc c essfulen ough
. Butthe
realan dproperquesti on forthesephi lan thropi stsan dphi losophersoughtfi rst-tohavebeen ,n ot
whetheri twerec redi blethatGodmadeEvefromthesi deofAdam
: butwhethertherewerea
sec ret
reli gi on fortheCon c lave-theLateran
1 -an d apubli c on e forthesen atean dpeople : an di f
thereweresuc hsec retreli gi on ,whatwasi tsn ature
? En passan t,Imayobserve,thati fthere
beasec retreli gi on ,alltheobjec ti on sofMon s .Voltai rean dotherphi losopherstosuc hpassages
asthatrelati n gtothesi deofAdam,whi c hn everhavebeen removed,areaton c ean swered,an d
thereli gi on reli evedfromami ghtymassofobloquy
. Forthoughi tmaybeverywron gto
haveasec retan dapubli c reli gi on ,thi sdoesn otmakei tfooli shorabsurd .
S upposeIweretoi n qui rei n tothen atureoftheearli estMohamedi sm,an dIweretofi n dthat
alli tsfollowers,ofdi fferen tan di n i mi c alsec ts,mai n tai n edtheexi sten c eoffourGods ; however
absurd,orweak,ordi shon estImi ghtbeli evethesevotari eswere,shouldIn otbec ompelledto
beli evethattheydi dadmi tfourGods
;
an dthatfourGodsc on sti tutedthegroun d-workofthei r
reli gi on ?
Thusi ti swi ththeveryearlyChri sti an s :
allthei rwri tersadmi ttedan esoteri c
reli gi on ,howevermuc htheymi ghtdi fferon otherpoi n ts .
Iftherewerean yexc epti on s,they
wereperfec tlyc on tempti blei n n umberortalen t
. Ikn owofn on e.
Then howi si tpossi bleto
doubtthatthi swasthepri n c i pleofthereli gi on ; moreparti c ularlywhen wefi n dtheGospel
hi stori esteac hi n gi n parablesorallegori es,an dteemi n gwi thn umerousmysti c alexpressi on s,
un i n telli gi blei n c ommon lan guage,an dJesushi mselfdec lari n gthathetaughti n thesevery
parablesthathemi ghtn otbeun derstood,(asofc oursehemustmean ,)bythepeoplewho
li sten edtohi m .
Iamfi rmlypersuadedthati n thefollowi n gbooksofthi swork,thefoun dati on atleast,i n deed
thepri n c i palpart,oftheesoteri c doc tri n esoftheChri sti an s,Jews,an dGen ti les,wi llbeun -
folded,an datlastjusti c ewi llbedon etothePythagorasses,Platos,Phi los,Clemen ses,an d
Ammon i usesofan ti qui ty
; an d,howeverfalsemyphi losophi c alorreli gi ousreadermaythi n k
thei rdoc tri n es,he wi ll n olon gerthi n kthembaseorc on tempti ble .
3 .In theaffai rsofreli gi on ,theworldhasalwaysbeen i n on erespec tthesameasi ti sn ow
.
Fromthemostremoteperi odtherehasbeen theesoteri c reli gi on ,ofwhi c hIhavejustspoken ,
theexi sten c eofwhi c hthevulgarrabbleoflowpri estshaveden i ed,butwhi c hhasalwaysbeen
wellkn own an dadmi ttedbyaselec tn umber,whoworethemi tre . Thi swasan c i en tlyobserved
' ThePapaldec reesalways i ssue fromthec hurc h ofS t .
John Lateran . I suspec tthi s i smysti c , an dmean s sec ret
plac e .
Theroot of Lateran
i s
theHebrew
toNS tat, sec ret ; Lati n , Lateo ; joi n edtothe - wordan a-plac e
of. It i s
theplac eofthe Aarpei a or sec retreli gi on .
TheLateran i sbothadomusan datemplum-thepalac ean dthec hurc h
adjoi n .Thedec reeswhi c hi ssuefromthi splac earec alled
Bulls, fromtheGreekword Bsn ,4 c on si li um,c oun sel .
Chi ldren an c i en tlyworeasac redemblem,i n theformofaheart,c alledaBulla,asDIac robi ussays,toteac hthem
wi sdom . (Li ttleton ' sDi et .i n voc e .)Thi sheartwastheemblem
of di vi n elove,whi c hwas wi sdom . It i s
almost
alwaysac c ompan i edwi thadove
.Theheartmaybeseen i n theVati c an ,upon i n n umerablean c i en ti n sc ri pti on s,
whi c htheRoman sc allChri sti an .Ihaveli ttledoubtthatan c i en tlyeveryperson hadhi ssi gn et,whi c hwas
some holy
devi c e,adoptedprobably adli bi tum, orfami li esmi ght
pass i t by desc en t.Thi swasthefami lyBulla,an dwi thi tthe
si gn wasmadeon the wax ormetal,when deedsc amei n touse
; thusthesealsappen dedtodeedswerec alled bulls ;
butmorerec on di tely,thewholeprobablyc ame from then ame of God,
Bat,
theGod ofWi sdom .
Isuspec tthatthewordVati c an hasc omefromthewordvates,whi c hi sVeda,Beda,Vati -c an i a .
BookX
.ChapterI .S ec ti on 4

5 5 7
byafewphi losophers,whooc c asi on allyshewedsomekn owledgeofi t,an den deavouredtoexplai n
i tsn aturetothepeople . Forthi sen deavourtheywerepersec uted
.
Theywouldn everhave
been persec utedmerelyfordi sc overi n gthesec ret
; theywere i n
reali typersec utedformaki n g
thei rdi sc overykn own .
In li keman n eri n modern ti mes,aRomi shbi shopwi lln otrefuseabso-
luti on even toan Athei st,butthen hemustkeephi sopi n i on sec ret
.
Hei spun i shedfortelli n g-
n otforkn owi n g,beli evi n g,ordi sbeli evi n g.
Thi skn owledgeappli esc hi eflytotheRomi shan d
Greekpri ests ; theProtestan tbi gots,theLuthers,Calvi n s,an dKn oxes,n everkn ewan ythi n gof
thephi losophyofChri sti an i ty ; theywerei n reali tyi n san ewi thfan ati c i sm
.TheRomi shChurc h
wouldhavebeen verygladtohaveletthemi n tothesec ret,i fi thadthen thesec ret,i n orderto
havestoppedthei rproc eedi n gs
; buthowc ouldshetrustperson si n thei run fortun atestateof
mi n d,whomi twasevi den tn ooathwouldbi n d? 1
Thi si son eofthegreati n c on ven i en c esof
adoublereli gi on ,butbyn omean sthegreatest .
Butthepeoplewi lln olon gerbekepti n the
dark
: on theveryday 2 on whi c hIamwri ti n gtheseprefatoryobservati on stomy
ten th Book,a
greatn ati on ,whi c hhashadthegoodfortun etohavebeen forthi rtyyearsoutofthetrammelsof
thepri ests,an dthereforei smoreen li ghten edthan an yofi tsn ei ghbours,i sstri ki n gthelastblow
atthei rrule . Thei rauthori tywi llbegon e,buttheFren c hwi lln otaboli shtheorder-pri ests
an dexc i semen wi llprobablyalwaysben ec essary
.Leti tbeso !
On lyletthemkeepthei rproper
plac e.
4
.1 thi n kmyreaderwi llhavebegun toformaprettyc orrec ti deaofthen atureoftheChri sti an
esoteri c reli gi on . Ithi n khemustseethatJesus,atleastthe
Romi sh Jesus,wasbeli evedtobe
n ootherthan aren ewedi n c arn ati on ofdi vi n ewi sdom,oftheLogos,c alled,i n In di a,Buddha,or
S ac a,arevi valorratherac on ti n uati on ofan oldsystem
.
In thi sbookIshalldi sc ussseveral
detac hedpoi n tswhi c hwi llc learupthi smatter,i ftherebean yremai n i n gdoubt,an dproc eed
furthertoun vei ltheesoteri c doc tri n eofIsi s,an dof ETERNAL Rome.
In myfi fthBookItrac edthehi storyoftheAvatarsan dCyc lesi n In di aan dJudaeauptothe
n i n th,theti meofthebi rthofJesus
.Itheresai dthatIshouldreturn tothatsubjec t,an dfor
thesakeofc learn essIhavehi thertostudi ouslyavoi dedn oti c i n gan ythi n gon thi ssi deofthat
epoc h .
Ifmytheoryberi ght,Ioughttofi n dtrac esofthen i n thAvatari n alateday
; an das,
i n alltheotherearli erAvatars,wehaveseen ac ertai n si mi lari tytakeplac ei n themythosesof
theEastan dWest,soweoughttofi n dthesamei n then i n th .
Iflattermyselfmyreaderwi ll
n otbedi sappoi n tedi n thi s
expec tati on .
Li ketheren ewaloftheArgon auti c expedi ti on ,the
ren ewaloftheTrojan war,&c
.,prophesi edofbytheS i byl,weshallfi n di n thelatterAvatarsa
c ertai n degreeofsi mi lari tytotheformer ; aswehaveseen ,i n man yparti c ulars,Buddhatobe
i mi tatedbyhi ssuc c essorCri stn a .
In fac t,thetheoryofthesystemwas,thateverythi n gshould
beren ewedattheen dofc ertai n peri ods,an dthatan ewi n c arn ati on shouldtakeplac e
. What
peri odstheseweremayhavebeen matterofdoubt
.Thi si sprovedveryc learlybythepassagei n
Vi rgi l,an dthi si twaswhi c hc ausedthehi storyofthedi vi n eperson i n everyagetoresemble
thatofhi spredec essors .Thefac tofthei mi tati on c an n otbeden i ed ;
i ti sc learlyseen i n the
i n stan c eofCri stn a,Buddha,an dBala-Rama,an d,agai n ,i n Cyrusan dCri stn a,an d,asIshall
shew,i n man yothers . Irepeat,i f my
readerfeelan ydoubtthati twasthedoc tri n e,lethi mread
agai n thepassagei n Vi rgi l .
In then i n thAvatar,weshallfi n dthi sprovedsti llmorec learly,an d
i n averyremarkableman n er .
' Luther' sbreac h ofvows,an d hi smarri age, as
hec alled i t, wi th an un , provethati fthePopehadtrustedhi m
wi thasec retun derthemostsolemn obli gati on ,thoughhemi ghthavekepti tto-day,howeveri n n oc en ti n i tsn ature,
hemi ghthavethoughti tri ghttodi vulgei tto-morrow
.

July,1 83 0.
5 5 8

Two ClassesofAvatars
Afterwehavedi sc ussedthen i n thAvatari n theEastan di n theWest,then extobjec tofthi s
bookwi llbetheten than dlast,an dperhapsthemosti mportan tofall
.
In In di a,i n c on sequen c eoftheMohamedan an dotheri n vasi on sfromtheNorth,whi c htotally
destroyedtheBrahmi n systemofgovern men t,an doverturn edthei rsemi n ari esoflearn i n g,n ot
muc hc an befoun drelati n gtothe
ten th Avatar ; butthi swi llbeamplyc ompen satedi n the
West .
5
.Ifmyreaderhaveatten dedc loselytotheargumen t,hewi llhaveperc ei vedthattherewere
alwaystwoc lassesofAvatarsrun n i n gatthesameti me
: an dyet,though two theywerebut on e.
Thi swasbec ausetheAvatarswerei den ti c alwi ththec yc les,an dthetwoc yc lesun i tedformeda
thi rd.
Theseweretheten presi di n gGen i usesoftheNeroses,an dtheten presi di n gGen i usesof
thesi gn softheZodi ac -an dtheNerosesan dsi gn srevolvi n goveran dover,an dc rossi n geac h
other,un ti lall,attheen doftheten si gn s,en dedatthesamemomen t,afteraperi odof2 1 ,6 00
years
; or,i flargerc yc lesbetaken ,4 3 ,2 00years,or4 3 2 ,000years
.Isuspec tthattheVulgarwere
taughttoexpec tan ewdi vi n eperson everysi xhun dredyears,an dami llen i umevery6 000 ; but
thatthehi gherc lassesweretaughttolooktotheyearofBrahm4 3 2 ,000years,or,perhaps,to
4 ,3 2 0,000years .
On emoreobservati on Imustmakeon theren ewedi n c arn ati on s,whi c htookplac eprevi ousto
theChri sti an serabeforeIproc eed
.
Asi n gularadmi ssi on i smadebythelearn edNi mrod 1 i n thefollowi n gwords : " Thelegen d
"
ofthebi rthofthatbloodyCyrus,(heoftheGorgon ' shead,)c on c ern i n gwhomtheBabylon i an s
C
i n formedHerodotus,i s,thoughastran gean dc ompli c atedon e,prec i selythesameasthatof
"
Romulus,an dtheyarebuton eman
." In an otherplac e 2 hesays,speaki n gofac ertai n Ha-
bi des, "
In otherparti c ularsthereaderwi llperc ei vetheadven turesofPerseus,Cyrus,Qui ri n us,
"
Herc ules,Buzyges,an dTri ptolemus
." Hereweseetheren ewalofthei n c arn ati on justspoken
of,i n thefac tofi den ti tyi n thehi storyofmostofthean c i en theroGods,whi c hhasbeen fully
demon stratedbyCreuzeri n hi ssec on dvolume
.Thec asewas,thatalltheheroGodswerei n c ar-
n ati on s-Gen i i ofc yc les,ei therseveralofthesamec yc lei n di fferen tc oun tri esatthesameti me,
orsuc c essi vec yc les-forthesameseri esofadven tureswassupposedtorec uragai n an dagai n
.
Thi sac c oun tsforthestri ki n gsi mi li tudesi n allthei rhi stori es
.S omeperson swi lln oteasi ly
beli evethatthean c i en tsc ouldbesoweakastosupposethatthesamethi n gswereren ewed
everysi xhun dredyears
.S upersti ti on n everreason s
.Letsuc hperson sasfi n da
di ffi c ulty
i n thi s,readtheworkofthelearn edperson whoc allshi mselfNi mrod,orapageortwoofthe
workoftheelderPli n y,on thec ureofdi seases,an dtheywi lln olon gerbesurpri sedatabsurd
c reduli ty
.ButIshallac c oun tforthi ssati sfac tori lyhereafter
.
Thean c i en tsoftheWesthadn oton lytheren ewedc yc leofthe6 00years,buttheyhadalso
thatofthe6 000,-attheen dofwhi c h,i gn oran tdevotees,whodi dn otun derstan di t,supposed
thatwhatwasc alledthemi llen i um,for1 000yearsprevi oustotheren ewaloftheworld,would
c ome .Thi sprovesthetruthoftheforegoi n gc alc ulati on s
.Itc ompletestheHi n doosystem .
In In di a,twosystemsmaybeperc ei ved ;
on eofthephi losophers-merelytheren ewalofc yc les ;
theotherofdi vi n es,attheen dofthe6 000years,expec ti n gadayofjudgmen tan dami llen i um.
Thelatteri sabran c hgraftedon theformer,byweakn essan dc reduli ty
.
Ifmytheorybewell-foun ded,twoki n dsofAvatarsoughttobeexhi bi tedabouttheti meof
Chri st. Wehavefoun dan Avatari n theformofthec elesti alTaurus,an dalsoon ei n theform
I Vol .I .p .1 2 2 .

1 Ibi d.p .2 1 8
.
BookX.ChapterI .S ec ti on 5

5 5 9
ofthec elesti alAgn usorAri es,an dweoughttofi n d,i n c ourse,athi rdi n theformofthesuc -
c eedi n gZodi ac alsi gn ,thec elesti alPi sc es,the
FIS HES . Thi swi llbethen extpri n c i palobjec tof
thi sbook
.In theperforman c eofthi spartofmytask,Ishallhaveoc c asi on todi sc ussseveral
subjec tswhi c hmayatfi rstappeari rrelevan t,buttheywi llallbefoun dn ec essary,moreparti c u-
larlyforthepurposeofeluc i dati n gthemi n orpartsorthedetai loftheRomi shsystem .In the
c ourseofthi sbookIshallveryoften return tothesec retreli gi on whi c hi n theearlyagesof
Chri sti an i tywasheldi n theRoman c on c lave,an di sprobablyyetheldthere
.
Ifthei den ti tyofthemodern Roman reli gi on wi ththean c i en tbeadmi tted,i tdoesn otappear
surpri si n gthatthePopeshoulden deavourtorevi veallthean c i en tsupersti ti on s,whi c hweren ot
i n themselvesdetri men taltopubli c morals,butwerei n an ywayc on duc i vetothei n c reaseofthei r
own power,orthatofthepri esthood .In fac t,weshallseethatthe
modern Roman reli gi on was
on lyareformed
an c i en t Roman reli gi on .
Thi si sn otsai dwi ththeleastwi shtoi n sultthefol-
lowersoftheRomi shChurc h,thoughn odoubti twi lloffen d,bec ausei ti sun vei li n gwhatthe
c hurc hwi shestoc on c eal
.Iwi lln otsayposi ti velyoftheRoman Churc hatthi sti me,butun ti l
abouttheti meoftheCrusades,Ibeli evei twasi tsfai th,thatthemi llen i umforetoldbythe
S i bylswouldc ome
.Whethertheyun derstan dthelen gthoftheagesmaybeverydoubtful ; an d
i ti sverypossi blethattheexperi en c eofthen on -arri valofthemi llen i umi n thelast6 00years,
mayhavec ausedthemtolosetheesoteri c reli gi on
: fori twouldthrowallthei rdoc tri n esi n to
c on fusi on an dun c ertai n ty,an dapparen tlyfalsi fyallthei rc alc ulati on s
.
Iti sveryc ertai n thattheearli estChri sti an s,ofwhomwehavean yac c oun t,depen di n gupon
thereportedwordsofJesus,thatthefi n alen dan dmi llen i umshouldc omebeforethepeople
presen tathi sspeec hshoulddi e,c on ti n uedtoen tertai n theexpec tati on ofi taslon gaspossi ble
;
an d,i n thesameway,Ihaven odoubtthatthePopesen tertai n edthehope,attheen dofthe6 00
years,aslon gaspossi ble,supposi n gwhen theen ddi dn otc omethatthei rc alc ulati on swere
wron gafewmon thsoryears,orthattheyhadc alc ulatedbyawron gyear ; an datthelast,when
thei rhopeswerequi teexti n gui shed,theyc on c ludedthatan otherperi odwastopassawaybefore
i tsarri val .'
S oon aftertheti meofChri stthi sastrologi c alsupersti ti on prevai led,bothamon gChri sti an san d
Gen ti les .
Nerowasthoughttobe,orpreten dedtobe,adi vi n eperson ,an dtoopen an ewc yc le
Agai n thesamethi n gwasthoughtofPopeGregorytheGreat,an dagai n ofaS arac en c alledHaki m
Bemri llah .
s
Ihavec alledi tastrologi c alsupersti ti on ,an dso,i n reali ty,i twas
; butastrology
wassoc on n ec tedwi threli gi on thati twasi mpossi bletoseparatethem
.Thi ssupersti ti on pre-
vai ledverymuc hi n theearlyagesofChri sti an i ty,buthasbeen keptoutofsi ghtasmuc haspos-
si blebythepri estsi n laterages
.Itwasn everthepoli c yofthepopestoi n struc tthepeoplei n
themystery-i n thatwhi c hthean c i en tskeptc on c ealed-even i ftheykn ewi t
.Thepopeswi shed
foragrossreli gi on forthepeople,suc has,i n thei ropi n i on ,sui tedthem-arefi n edon eforthe
epi sc opalpalac e ;
thei rJesuswasan i n c arn ati on ofdi vi n ewi sdom,oflao,ofTHE
.Hewasthe
' For proofs
thattheen doftheworldwasprophesi edofi n theGospels,&c .,seeMatt .xxi i i .3 6 ,xxi v
.3 4 ,xxvi i i .
2 0 ; Markxi i i .3 0 ; Lukexxi
.8,9,3 2 ; John v .2 5 ; Phi li p .i v .5 ; 1 Thess.i v. 1 5 -1 7
;
1 Ti m .vi .1 4 ; Jamesv
.8 ;
1 Pet .i v .
7
;
Rev .xxi i .1 2 ,2 0-an dman yotherplac es,where lastti me,latterdays,
an d en d of theworld, aren amed .
S oc leari sthi sthatsuc hChri sti an wri tersashavean yregardtodec en c yhavebeen obli gedtoallow,thattheapostles
i n thesemattersweremi staken .
Vi deBaron
.Tom .I
.p.6 5 6 ,Edi t .Rom . S pon dan . Epi t .An .5 7,S .5 4
; Mi ll' sPro-
log .totheNewTest
.p .1 4 6 ,c ol .2 ,apudChi shul' sS ermon on Proph .
When i twasfoun dthattheen ddi d n ot
c omealmosti mmedi atelyon thedeathofJesusChri st,someofthelatterEpi stleswereevi den tlywri tten toac c oun tfor
an dexplai n awaythemi stakewhi c hhadtaken plac e,probablyari si n gfromthedoubtfulmean i n gofthewords
rerea,
Amy, Ilapac i a,
an dTeaos
.
2
Ni mrod,Vol .III .,p .4 93 .
5 6 0
S tarofAbraham,Moses,&c .,&e .
n i n thi n c arn ati on ;
an di n thegospelhi storyofS t
.John ,li ei smadetopromi sean other,an da
last,i .e . a
ten th . S eeJohn xi v. 1 6 , 1 7,2 6
.
Thec hargeagai n stS oc ratesofAthei smlon gappearedtomequi tei n c omprehen si ble,butthe
c ausewasthi s :
heheldon eun made,self-exi sten tDei ty,butden i edthegen eratedorc reated
Gods,theproduc eofthefi rstDei ty
.On atus,thePythagorean ,dec laredthattheywhoasserted
on eon lyGodan dn otman y un derstood
n otwhat themajesty of thedi vi n etran sc en den c yc on si sted
i n ,n amelyi n ruli n goverotherGods
. An dPloti n usc on c ei ved,thattheS upremeGodwasmost
ofallglori fi edn otbybei n gc on trac tedi n toon e,butbyhavi n gmulti tudesofGods deri vedfrom
hi m an ddepen den ton hi m . 1
Thi s,mostc learly,i sn othi n gbutthedoc tri n eoftheChri sti an s,
i n whi c htheword an gelsi s
usedfor Gods . Everystepwhi c hItakeservestoc on vi n c emeofthe
truthofwhatAmmon i usS ac c astaught,thattheGen ti lean dChri sti an doc tri n eswerei den ti c al,
an dthatthequarrelsofthei rprofessorsweremerelogomac hy
.
6
.Averysi n gularc i rc umstan c emaybeobservedi n thec on duc toftheRomi shmi ssi on ari esi n
theori en taln ati on s
. Wheretheyfi n dthedoc tri n eoftheren ovati n gAvatarsori n c arn ati on s
alreadyun derstood,an dwhereofc oursec on c ealmen tofthei rown doc tri n ei sofn ouse,theyavow
an dproc lai mi t,an dan n oun c ethemselvesasmessen gersofBuddha,Cri stn a,&c .,an dthat
Jesuswason lyaren ewedi n c arn ati on oftheDi vi n emi n d
.
TotheBrahmi n swhoalreadykn ow
i ttheyun vei lthemystery . Thi sen ragestheProtestan tmi ssi on ari estothehi ghestdegree .They
ac c usethePapi stsofthebasestmoti ves,n everhavi n gthesli ghtestsuspi c i on ofthetruth .
S ome
oftheJesui tsac tuallyturn ed, 2
orpreten dedtoturn ,ortobeBrahmi n s,an dpreac hedtheun i on
ofPapi sman dBrahman i sm
; mai n tai n i n gthatthereli gi on softhec i tyofRamai n theEast,an d
ofRamai n theWest,werethesame,wi ththesi n gleexc epti on thatthe headof the reli gi on was
then exi sti n gi n theWest ; an dthattheAvatarswerec on ti n uedforeverbysuc c essi on i n the
Popes . Theymayhavesai dtotheIn di an s,
" Weareallagreedexc eptastoon epoi n t,an di n -
"
deedwedon otdi sagreei n thati n substan c e,butmerelyi n n ame . YourCri stn ai sour
" JesusChri st,on lyheappearedorwasi n c arn atedi n theWest1 83 0yearsago . Wedon ot
" di sputewhatyousay,thathewasi n c arn atedi n amuc hearli erperi od,oratdi fferen tperi odsfor
" your salvati on
;
on thi swegi ven oopi n i on ,buthealsoappearedagai n attheti meaboven amed,
" i n theWest,bothfor your an dfor our salvati on ,thusc ompleti n gthesalvati on ofthewhole
" world. Youkn owverywellthatyouarespli ti n tohun dredsof,sec ts ; allthi sari sesfromthe
" wan tofahead,orhi erarc h . YourCri stn adi dn otgi veyouthi shead,bec auseheforesawthat

heshouldreturn : hedi dreturn i n ourCri stn aorChri sti n Judaea,an dhethen c ompletedfor

everhi smi ssi on ,hi slastAvatar,an dheleftallpoweron earthi mmedi atelytran smi ttedbythe

han dofS t .PetertothePope,hi sVi c ramadi tya. 3 IfyourCri stn awerethe n i n th Avatar,asyou
allege,JesusofJudaeawasthe ten th-the ten thwho,youallac kn owledge,wastoc omeafter
" Cri stn a. Thathewas that person ,heprovedbyhi smi rac les,whi c hwereun i versallykn own to
" betruethroughoutalltheWestern world,sti llwi tn essedbythec on ti n uan c eofthePapalpower,
" whi c hi sac kn owledgedbyalli tspri n c esan drulers ." -Thespec i ousn essofthi smodeofaddress
n oon ewi llden y . Ishallreturn toi tpresen tly .
7
.Amon gthean c i en tsthereseemstohavebeen averygen erali dea,thatthearri valofthegreat
person whowasexpec tedtoc omewouldbean n oun c edbyastar.Thebi rthsofAbraham,Moses,
Caesar,&c
.,&c .,wereallforetoldbyastar .
a
Calmetsays, "
Iwi shwec ouldasc ertai n thei deas

an n exedtotheri si n gofthestarsai dtooc c uratthebi rthofAbraham."

' Cudworth, Bk. i .Ch . i v.p
.5 4 4 .

2
Fori n stan c e,RobertusdeNobi li bus .
3 Vi c ramadi tya,explai n edbyan d by.

4
Vi deCalmet, Hi st. Bi ble, Vol .I . add .art .Abraham
.
BookX
.ChapterI. S ec ti on 7

5 6 1
TheauthoroftheS upplemen ttoCalmetsays,
"
Iwi shwec ouldtrac een oughtoasc ertai n the
~ ~ i deasan n exedi n thatc oun trytothe

ri si n gofthestar,' sai dtooc c uratthebi rthofAbraham

:
~ Q
perhapsi tmi ghtexplai n theprophec yofBalaam, I ormi ghteluc i datethereadyapprehen si on
~ ~ oftheEastern Magi ,who,when they,i n theEast,sawac ertai n starri sei n ac ertai n man n er,
tQ
an di n ac ertai n porti on ,&c
.,oftheheaven s,i n ferredthataremarkablec hi ldwasborn

i n deed,n olessthan theli n ealKi n gofJudea : an dtheyjourn eyedman ymi lestovi si thi m .
~ ~ Howc ametheri si n gofastarthusc on n ec tedi n i deawi ththebi rthofac hi ld
? Wasthei dea
" an c i en t
Q
An dwhatmi ghtbei tsori gi n ? Thi salludestothebi rthofAbrahamhavi n gbeen
LQ
expec ted,an dreportedtoNi mrod,astheEastern ssay,bytheMagi athi sc ourt .Thesamei s
~ ~ sai di n respec ttotheki n gofEgyptatthebi rthofMoses
:
wereadalsoofaki n g,whodreamed
" that i mmen sesplen dourfromthepregn an twombofhi sdaughter i llumi n edhi ski n gdom
. The
LQ
c lassi c readerwi llrec ollec ti n stan c esofotherstarsc on n ec tedwi thgreatmen : asthestarVen us

wi thJuli usCaesar,an dhi sfami ly,Augustus,&c .,i n Ovi dan dVi rgi l ." 2 Hereweseethi s
gen tleman asn eartothedi sc overyofthemythosaspossi ble .Ihaven odoubtthati fwehadthe
fullhi stori esoftheHerc ulesesan dBac c huses,weshouldfi n dthemallsai dtohavestarsatthei r
bi rths,li keMoses,Chri st,&c
.Asthec on c epti on swerei mmac ulate,thegestati on ten mon ths,
thefatherofthec hi ldaholyspi ri torothersupern aturalbei n g,sotheywereallan n oun c edbya
star
. IflattermyselfIshallc on vi n c emyreader,thatthi sstoryofthe star wasn ofi c ti on ,but
on lyamythologi c alorallegori c almethodofrepresen ti n gthec on jun c ti on ofthesun an dmoon ,
an dthec on c lusi on ofthec yc le,attheen dofeverysi xhun dredyears,an dtheperi odi c alrestora-
ti on ofsomestarorplan ettoi tsoldplac e,ortoi tsperi odi c alri si n gi n aplac erelati vetothesun
an dmoon ,attheen doftheti me .Thus,when everthatstararri vedati tsproperplac e,they
kn ewthatan ewc yc lec ommen c ed-an ewsavi ourwouldbeborn ; an dforeveryAvatar,astar
wassai dtohaveappeared .Itwastheastrologi c alexpec tati on ofan i n c arn ati on on theren ewal
ofeveryc yc le :
an dthei rregulari ti esoftheplan etarymoti on s,theprec essi on oftheequi n oxes,
an dthen eglec tofmaki n gthen ec essaryi n terc alati on s,ren deredtheti mes of
thearri valofthe
peri odsan dofthec on sequen ti n c arn ati on doubtful .Theti meoftheren ewalofthec yc lethe
astrologersc ouldalwaysn earlyforetell,an dwefi n dtheydi dforetelli tatthesameti me,bothi n
theEastan dWest,asac c uratelyasc ouldbeexpec ted,when i ti sc on si deredthat,i n laterti mes,
thepri n c i plewaslosti n both : butthefac tthati twasforetoldi n theEast,i sprovedbyCassi n i
an dAbulfaragi us,an di n theWestbyVi rgi l,an dtheprophec i eswhi c hIhavedetai ledi n BookV .,
theei ghthAvatarofIn di a,an dtheei ghthS ec ulumofVi rgi len di n gwi ththebi rthofChri st .
Thec yc le,wi thoutregardtoastrologers,wouldregularlyren ewi tself
.Thec han gesi n thehea-
ven stheyc ouldregularlyforetell,buti twasn otthuswi ththeMessi ahsorthei n c arn ati on s
; so
thattheysc arc elyeverexac tlyagreewi ththebegi n n i n gofthec yc le .Thustheastrologersfore-
toldsomeon ebeforehec ame,butwhobewouldbetheyc ouldn otforetell
.Thi si sso marked
thatsomeofourdi vi n essetdown thepassageaboutCyrustobean i n terpolati on ,bec ausehei s
n amed . An dyetashi sn amei sofsopec uli aran ature,vi z . a solar
ti tle,thewordCyrusmean i n g
S UN, theprophetmi ghtgi vehi mthi sn amei n theprophec y,an d,i n c on sequen c e,theepi thet
mi ghtbegi ven tohi mafterwardasati tleofhon our .Thetruec harac terofCyrus
W-n
c urs,
i sapparen tfromthefragmen tofhi shi story,whi c hHerodotusgotholdof,an dwhi c hhasbeen
thoughttobeapartofthehi storyofCri stn a .Thi sspeaksfori tself,an dstron glysupportsall
mysystem .
Itbi n dsthepartstogetherbeauti fully.Theprophetsorastrologersmi ghtvery
safelyforetellan i n c arn ati on foreveryn extc yc leorsac redperi od,i n theperi odbeforei ttook
I Numb
.xxi v.1 7 .

' Taylor' sS up
.toCalmet,Di et .i n voc eAbraham .
Pythagoras
plac e
.
Ifbytheprophec yhei n c i tedhi sc oun trymen tosuc hathi n gasan i n surrec ti on ortodo
an yotherthen desi redac t,hi sobjec twouldbeobtai n ed
.Ifhefai led,when bewasi n hi sgrave,
whatevi lwouldc ometohi m?Hewouldbeli keourmodern prophesi ersoftheMi llen i um,
for-
gotten ,
thatwasall
.Ifhesuc c eeded,hethen wasagreatprophet
.Ahun dredperson s-Dr .
Mede,Mr.Faber,Mr
.Irvi n g,&c
.,havefi xedtheti meofthec ompleti on ofDan i el' s1 2 6 0years
.
Ifsomegreateven tshouldhappen tosupportMr
.Irvi n g,hewi llbeaprophet-alltherestfor-
gotten ; theyaren earlysoalready
.Isi tn otevi den tthati ftheartofpri n ti n ghadn otbeen
kn own ,un lessamereac c i den thadpreven tedi t,Dr
.Mede' sexplan ati on oftheprophec i eswould
havebeen lost?
Imaythusspeakofthec elebratedprophec yofIsai ah,bec ausetheRev
.Doc tor
ADAMCLARKS
hasdec laredi ttoben oprophec yatall
.
8
.When allthec i rc umstan c esrelati n gtoPythagoras,an dtohi sdoc tri n es,bothi n moralan d
n aturalphi losophy,arec on si dered,n othi n gc an bemorestri ki n gthan theexac tc on formi tyofthe
lattertotherec ei vedopi n i on softhemodern s ;
an doftheformertothemoraldoc tri n esofJesus
Chri st .
Hadthemoraldoc tri n esofPythagorasbeen adoptedbytheWestern n ati on s,i n hi sday,
therec an ben odoubtthatthesamegoodeffec tsan di mprovemen twouldhavefollowed,whi c h
wekn owfromexperi en c efollowedtheadopti on ofthesamedoc tri n eswhen taughtbyhi ssuc -
c essorJesusChri st .In bothc ases,asusual,thephi losopherswerepersec utedbythepri ests
i n thec aseof Jesus theyaresai dtohavesuc c eededi n c ruc i fyi n ghi m .In thec aseofPythagoras,
i ti ssai d,theysuc c eededi n burn i n ghi man dsuppressi n ghi sdoc tri n es .Themassofman ki n d
weren oti n soi mprovedastateofun derstan di n gastobeabletoapprec i atethei rworth : thesuc -
c essofthepri estswasowi n gtothei gn oran c eofthei rfollowers
.Yetn otwi thstan di n gthefateof
thei llustri ousNazari te,ofS amari a,thestateofthi n gswaswi delydi fferen ti n hi sday : thehuman
mi n dbetween thedeathoftheS ami an an dthebi rthoftheS amari tan hadwon derfullyi mproved
.
Wi ththeabsolutelossofthesec retmean i n gofthemythoseshadsprun gupagen eralc on tempt
forthei rli teralmean i n g,an dthustheworldbadbec omepreparedfortherestorati on ortherevi val
ofthesalutarydoc tri n eswhi c hbefore,un derthedi sc i pli n eofthepri ests,i thaddespi sed .Ifi tbe
admi ttedthatthepri estCai aphasmurderedtheteac her,thephi losopher,i n spi teoftheremon -
stran c eofthetooeasyGen ti lePi late,hec ouldn otsuppressthedoc tri n es .Thusthefi n emoral
phi losophyofJesus,theNazari te,flouri shed ; buti ti sc uri oustoobservehowsoon phi losophy
an dphi losophersbec amereprobatedbyhi sfollowers
: BUT
i twasn otti llhi sbeauti fulsystemhad
been spoi ledbyfan ati c i sm,an datthesameti mehadbegun tobeloadedbyartfulpri estswi th
thetrash,thec orrupti on s,ofthean c i en tmythology,fragmen tsofwhi c hwhen theyac qui red
powertheyn everc easedaddi n gtoi t,un ti latlast,asIhaveshewn ,orshallshew,i tbec amen o-
thi n gelsebutac ommi xtureofthemysteri esoftheMagn aMateran dofEleusi swi ththen on sen se
ofthevulgarPagan i sm
.Thewholeofthean c i en tmythologywasadoptedan dre-en ac tedan dc on -
ti n uedti lln ewsec tsaroseun derthec omman dofthei n san eperson sLutheran dCalvi n ,aboutthe
ti meofLeotheTen th .Thesemen i n man yc oun tri esstruc koffagreatpartoftheabuses,but
theywere
fan ati c s, n ot phi losophers : an otherprun i n gkn i femustbeappli ed .
Ofthelearn edan c i en tsoftheWest,Pythagoraswasassuredlythegreatest ; an dashewas
someagesi n advan c eofhi si gn oran tc oun trymen ,hewaslaughedatan dpersec uted
.S ome
person swi thoutan ygoodreason havedoubtedhi sexi sten c e .Thesuperi ori tyofhi sdoc tri n esto
thoseofhi sc on temporari es,affordstomeac on vi n c i n gproofthatheac tuallyli ved
.Thebeauty
ofhi smorals,then oveltybuttruthofhi sastron omyan dgeometry,allwhi c hheprofessedto
bri n gfromtheEast,areofsosuperi oran aturetothoseofhi sWestern c on temporari es,thati ti s
reallyn otc redi blethattheyshouldhavec reatedan i magi n arybei n g,towhoretheyc ouldattri bute
theseobn oxi ous,un heard-ofdoc tri n es : fori n stan c e,the4 7thproposi ti on ofEuc li d,theelli pti c
orbi tsofthec omets
.Thesec on si derati on sprovehi sexi sten c e,an dthestateofEastern learn i n g
5 6 2
BookX
.ChapterI . S ec ti on 9

5 6 3
i n hi sday,fori twason lyamon gtheBrahmi n sofIn di athathec ouldhavelearn tthem .We
kn owli ttlec ertai n ofhi sdoc tri n es
:
for,astheyweren otlefti n wri ti n g,hi sfollowersattri buted
tohi mallthei rown folli es,buttheywerei n perpetualc on tradi c ti on toon ean other .Certai n
fac ts,however,theyagreei n ,thetruthofwhi c hi sn owadmi tted,an dothersthereason ofwhi c h
wemayn owdi sc over .Thegolden thi ghwhi c hheexhi bi ted,n odoubtwasagolden Meru-
probablyaLi n gaan dArga,orVon i ,severalofwhi c harei n theIn di a-House,n ot .explai n edtothe
vulgar,an dthereforeturn edi n tori di c ule,an dtaken li terallybythepri estsoftheday,i n Greec e,
whohadlostthemean i n gofthesameemblemsi n thei rown mysteri es .Thesameemblemsare
foun damon gtherui n softhetemplesatPaestum,themean i n gofwhi c hwastotallyun kn own at
Naples,ti llmyfri en dCol .Todexplai n edthem .
In Herodotustherei san ac c oun tofac ertai n Zalmoxi s,aS c ythi an .Mr.Upham,i n hi sHi s-
tory,hasobserved, 1 thatthestoryofthi sperson evi den tlyshews,thatBuddhi smwasthereli gi on
ofthei n habi tan tsoftheban ksoftheIsterprevi oustotheti meofHerodotus,an dthen c ehei n fers
thatBuddhi smwasthereli gi on oftheCelti c tri bes .Nowi ti saveryremarkablethi n gthat
Pythagoraswasc alledZalmoxi s
.In allthi stherei sevi den tlysomemysteryc on c ealed
.As-
suredlytheparti c ularstoldofZalmoxi shaveeveryappearan c eofbei n gori en tal .
9.Wehaveseen i n aformerbook,thatVi rgi li n hi spoemalludedtoc ertai n prophec i esof
femalesc alledS i byls .Ithi n ki tn ec essaryn owtomakemyreaderali ttlemoreac quai n tedwi th
thoseperson s .Bytheexpressi on theS i byls wasgen erallymean tac ollec ti on ofbooks,wri tten
partlyi n veryearlyan dpartlyi n laterti mesbyfemaleprophetessesbeari n gthatn ame .In the
earli estti meofChri sti an i tytheywerec on si deredbythefathersofthec hurc hasoftheveryfi rst
i mportan c e,i n fac t,ofsuc hverygreati mportan c e,thattheChri sti an reli gi on mi ghtbec on si dered
tobealmostfoun dedupon them,an dbymostoftheearlyfathersthei rgen ui n en esswasn oton ly
n everdi sputed,buti twasexpresslyadmi tted
.Theyaren owdespi sed
.Thereason forthi si t
wi lln otbedi ffi c ulttodi sc over
.Ishallmakeac arefuli n qui ryi n tothegen ui n en essofthese
books,i n thec ourseofwhi c hweshallseevari ousproofsastowhowasthe
n i n thAvatar i n the
West
; afterwhi c hIshallproc eedtopoi n thi mouti n theEast .
Irepeat,i fthat,whi c h
all Chri sti an sprofessed,was n ot Chri sti an i ty,Ishouldbegladtokn ow
whatwas
.Theyallexpec tedtheMi llen i um .Theexpec tati on i sasc learlyexpressedi n theGospel
hi stori esasi ti spossi bleforan ylan guagetoexpressan ythi n g.Jesus,i n someplac es,i smade
tosaythatan otherperson wouldc omeafterhi m,atafutureperi od,whi lei n othershei smadeby
thec ompi lersofthosehi stori estosay,thattheworldshoulden dbeforethegen erati on then li vi n g
shouldpassaway-even thatsomethen presen t,stan di n gby,shouldn otdi eti lltheeven ttook
plac e. 2 Allthi sproves,whati sprovedbyathousan dotherc i rc umstan c es,thatthepri n c i pleof
theMi llen i umwasadmi ttedun i versally,butthatthedetai l,theparti c ulars,weresofarlostasto
beamatterofverygen eraldoubtan ddi spute
.Thegreatdi ffi c ultyseemstohavebeen between
twoaeras . MostoftheChri sti an devoteesi magi n edthec on summati on wastotakeplac eatthe
termi n ati on oftheagethen abouttoen d,orjusten ded,an dthi sthewordsoftheGospeltrac ts
prove
. OthersoftheChri sti an s,judgi n gfromotherexpressi on si n thesamec ollec ti on oftrac ts,
butprobablyi n di fferen ttrac ts,whi c hsaythatan otherperson shouldc omebeforethegran d
c on summati on ,lookedforwardstoamoredi stan tday
.Themostlearn edoftheGen ti lessupposed
on lythatahappyserawasc ommen c i n g,thatsomegreatan dgoodman ,somemostexc ellen t
ki n g,orgreatphi losopher,orsec on dPythagoras-i n short,theyc ouldn ottellwhat-wouldarri ve,
on lythatahappyarri valwouldtakeplac e .Thi sexpec tati on the
FACTS whi c hremai n tousc learly
1 Hi st.Buddhi sm,p .2 7.

*Matt .xvi . -98 ; Lukei x

.2 7 .
5 6 4
Cabala
prove .
Thevari ousHeathen an dJewi shprophec i esallc learlyprovethi s
; an dtheHeathen
S i bylsmuc hmorec learlythan theJewi shProphets
.Alltheseprophec i es,an dthec i rc umstan c es
atten di n gthem,havelon gbeen astumbli n g-bloc k,amysteryequallytophi losophersan dto
Chri sti an s .
Allexplan ati on sbyei therpartyhavebeen ali keun sati sfac tory,an d
thi s
bothparti es
verywellkn ow,whatevertheymaypreten dtothec on trary
.Themystery,Iamperfec tlysati s-
fi ed,Ihavei n partdeveloped
.Atalleven tsIamqui tec ertai n thatthetheorywhi c hIhave
un foldedan dshallun fold,hasac c oun tedorwi llac c oun tforallthedi ffi c ulti esatten di n gthese
prophec i es,i n aman n erc on si sten twi thc ommon sen se,whi c hn on ehaseverdon ebefore
.My
sc hemerequi resn omi rac lesori n terposi ti on sofdi vi n epower
.Itrequi resn othi n gbuttheappli -
c ati on ofc ommon sen se,an dthatweshouldpayali ttleatten ti on tothelesson sofexperi en c e,
an davai lourselvesofthec i rc umstan c esan dsc atteredraysofli ghtwhi c hhavepen etratedtous
throughthemi stofan ti qui ty
.Mytheoryon lyrequi resthatweshouldbeli eveman tohavebeen
i n formerti meswhatwefi n dhi mn ow,an dreason upon hi mac c ordi n gly
.S olomon ' sadage that
therei sn othi n gn ewun derthesun i s
n eglec tedbec ausei ti stri te ;
buti ti strue :
an dIbeli evei t
wasmean ttoc on veyamean i n gmuc hmorerec on di tean dlearn edthan hasbeen suspec ted
.
1 0
.Iti san un di sputedfac t,thatthean c i en tJewsfoun dedthei rCabala,althoughtheyheldi t
tobeun wri tten an don lyhan deddown bytradi ti on ,on thebookofGen esi s,an dparti c ularlyon
thefi rstverse
.In thi sverseIhavebeen en deavouri n gtoshewmaybefoun dtheori en taldoc -
tri n es
.Person swhoatten dtoauthori tymorethan reason maybebetterdi sposedtoatten dto
myreason i n g,when theyfi n di tsupportedbytheopi n i on ofon eofthemostlearn edofourpri ests
.
Bi shopLauren c esays,speaki n goftheJewi shCabala,
"
Thatsi n gular,an dtothose,perhaps,

whopen etratei tsexteri orsurfac e,fasc i n ati n gsystemofallegori c alsubtleti es,hasn odoubti ts
"
bri ghteraswellasi tsdarkerparts
;
i tstrueaswellasi tsfalseallusi on s
: buti n steadofre-

duc i n gi tswi ldc ombi n ati on sofopi n i on tothestan dardofS c ri pture,weshall,Iampersuaded,

belessli kelytoerr,i fwereferthemtothean c i en tan dpredomi n an tphi losophyoftheEast

fromwhi c htheyseemtohaveori gi n allysprun g,an dfromwhi c htheyareasi n separable,asthe

shadowi sfromi tssubstan c e ." 1

In deed,theBi shopi squi teri ghti n whatbesaysofthe
sec retJewi shdoc tri n eshavi n gc omefromtheEast
.An di fheberi ght,myreaderwi lln otbe
surpri sedthatIshouldbeabletopoi n touti n theJewi shbookstheori en taldoc tri n es
.ThatI
amn otabletomakethem
morec lear
maybeattri butedtothefac t,thatIhaven olexi c on sor
otherbookstorefertoexc eptthoseofChri sti an s,whoexertallthei ri n gen ui tytodi sgui sethe
truth,asIhaveshewn i n thec aseofParkhurst,i n voc e 1 , tumn
rasi t .
TheearlyChri sti an s,i n gen eral,werefan ati c s,i n thehi gheststateofexc i temen t
: an dmostof
themi n thatstatebec ameMon ksorCarmeli tes,(allMon ksbei n gthen i n on eorder,)an dthus
un derthei rheadorsuperi ortheyformedasec ret,c orrespon di n gsoc i ety,spreadi n goverthe
wholeworld
; an d,di rec tlyi n theteethofthelaws,holdi n gthei rlove-feastsan dmeeti n gsi n the
n i ght.Theyweren otsec retbec ausetheywerepersec uted
;
buttheywerepersec utedbec ause
theyweresec ret
.Thei rmeeti n gsweredi rec tlyi n defi an c eofotherlawsaswellasthelawofthe
twelve tables
.Therec an ben odoubtthati n thefourthorfi fthc en tury,theheadoftheorderof
Carmeli teshadpoweren oughtoc orrec tordestroy,atpleasure,everygospeli n thewholeworld,
whi c hwasn otpreservedbyhereti c s,an d they
weren otli kelytopreservethem,astheydi dn ot
admi tthei rauthori ty :
an dthi si sthereason whywehaven oman usc ri ptsolderthan thesi xth
c en tury .
Foron ereason ,when theMi llen i umdi dn otarri veattheen dofthesi xthc en tury,
theywere-c orrec tedorc orrupted,astheMohamedan ssay,tospi ri tuali zetheParac lete
.Although
I Pref.toEn oc h,p
.xlvi .
BookX.Chapter1 . S ec ti on 1 1

5 6 5
thesec ularsan dtheregularsoften quarreledforpower,an dsometi mesaboutopi n i on s,yetthere
werevari ouspoi n tsi n whi c htheyalwaysagreed,an don epoi n t,an damosti mportan ton ei twas
totheworld,wasthereprobati on ofthelearn i n gofthean c i en ts
.Thi sobjec tbegan toshew
i tselffi rsti n theburn i n gofbooksatAn ti oc h,asdesc ri bedi n theAc tsoftheApostles,an dwas
c on ti n uedbyasuc c essi on ofc oun c i lsti llthelastc an on oftheCoun c i lofTren tagai n stHeathen
learn i n g . Alltheman usc ri pts,whi c htheypreservedi n themon asteri es,werethuspreserved
forthesakeofthevellumorski n .Theywerei n fac tpreservedforthepurposeofdestruc ti on .
Herewehavethec ause,an dalmostthesolec ause,whi c heffec tedthedarkn essoftheworldfor
man ygen erati on s .Thi si sremarkablyc on fi rmedbythemulti tudesofPan i mc esteman usc ri pts
whi c harefoun d.Exc epti on sn odoubtthereweretothi srule,butyeti talmostun i versallypre-
vai led.
S t .Gregoryi ssai dbyJohn ofS ali sbury,tohaveburn tthei mperi alli braryoftheApollo . ,,
1 1 .Therei son everyi mportan tc i rc umstan c ewhi c hi soverlookedbywri terson thesesubjec ts,
whi c hi s,thec han gewhi c hwasc on ti n uallytaki n gplac ei n allreli gi on s
.Iti soutoftheques-
ti on tosuppose,thatan yofthesystemsorsec tsi n theti meofS traboorDi odoruswereexac tly
li kewhattheywere2 000yearsbefore .Nodoubteverysec tc lai medtobe un c han ged, asall
sec tsdoatthi sday
.Butthewholewhi c hc an beadmi ttedi s,thattheori gi n alpri n c i plesremai n .
On theseac c oun tsi ti sabsolutelyabsurdtoexpec ttheAvatarstobefoun dexac tlythesame,i n
suc c essi veperi ods,buttheywi llbefoun dmoren earlysothan ,allthi n gsc on si dered,c ouldbe
expec ted .
Amon galln ati on softheWestern partsoftheworld,theprophetessesc alledS i bylswere
an c i en tlykn own .Therewereei ghtofthemwhowerec elebratedi n averypec uli arman n er,an d
aworki sextan ti n ei ghtbooks, 2
whi c hpurportstoc on tai n thei rprophec i es .Thi sworki n
severalplac esi ssupposedtoforetellthec omi n gofJesusChri st
.Theyhavebeen i n allti mes
admi ttedtobegen ui n ebytheRomi shc hurc h,an dIbeli evealsobythatoftheGreeks
; i n fac t,
theyhavebeen li terallyapartofthereli gi on
; buti n c on sequen c eofeven tsi n verylateyearsn ot
an sweri n gtothepredi c ti on s,theRomi shpri esthoodwi shestogetqui tofthem,i fi tkn ewhow ;
severalofi tslearn edmen (Bellarmi n efori n stan c e)havi n gc alledthemforgeri es .Iti stheren ewed
c aseoftheladder : bei n gn olon geruseful,i ti ski c keddown
.TheProtestan tc hurc hesden y
themaltogether,asRomi shforgeri es
.TheseS i bylswereheldi n thehi ghestesteembythean c i en t
Gen ti les .
An di tappearsfromtheun questi on abletextofVi rgi l,thattheydi dc ertai n lyforetell
afutureS avi our,orsomethi n gveryli kei t
.Wefi n d,on exami n ati on ofthepresen tc opyofthem,
thattheyac tuallyforetelli n an ac rosti c
theperson c alledJesusChri stbyn ame
.Themostearly
fathersoftheGreekan dRoman c hurc hespleadthemasgen ui n e,authen ti c ,an dun an swerable
proofsofthetruthofthei rreli gi on ,agai n sttheGen ti lephi losophers,who,i n reply,say,thatthey
havebeen i n terpolatedbytheChri sti an s
.Thi s,when merelyassertedbythemi n argumen t,i s
n otevi den c e
; n ori sthatwhi c hi sassertedbymodern Protestan ts .Butwhen Ireflec tupon the
prophec i eswhi c hthereaderhasseen i n theprec edi n gc hapters,Ic an n othelpthi n ki n gthatthe
ac rosti c prophec yi si n goodkeepi n gwi ththeothers
.Isawpi c turesofthesupposedauthoresses
ofthesepropheti c booksi n severalplac esi n Italy
.Thei rfi guresarebeauti fullyi n lai di n the
marblefloorofthec athedralc hurc hatS i en n a,an dthei rstatuesareplac edi n afi n ec hurc hat
Ven i c e,formerlybelon gi n gtothebarefootedCarmeli tes
; theyarealsofoun dplac edroun dthe
famousCasaS an taatLoretto
.
Dr
.Hyde
3 says," Chald&ei setPhc en i c i busK6 pseu
n 5 n ty,Fi Gu% % a, estc c elesti sVi rgi n i a
' Forsyth' s Travels,p .1 3 4 .

* Publi shedbyGallaeus .

$
DeRel .Cap
.xxxi i .
5 6 6
ByWhomQuoted
"
si gn um : un de (c ui que hoc perpen den ti ) fabulaS i byllarumtamobvi aest,utqui squeforte
"
dolebi tquod,si n ememon en te,han dc i ti usremperc eperi t ." Heshewsalsothatthi si sthesame
word(li tterhmutate,aftertheHebrewc ustomi n c ertai n c ases)astheword n 5 i ' shult, shi bbo-
leth
.Hethen proc eedstoshewhowthi sc elesti alvi rgi n wasadoptedbytheGreeksan dRoman s,
an dbec amethei rfamousS i byl
. Thi sfamousS i bylbec ameafterwardtheQueen ofheaven ,
Mari a.
1 2 .Man yauthors,aswellasDr
.Hyde,haveen deavouredi n vai n toasc ertai n themean i n gof
thewordS i byl
.Vallan c eyhasobserved,thati n the
oldIri sh thewordmean sc yc le
; an dhegoeson
tosay,thatastheS i bylswerebelovedbyApollo,hesupposesthec yc lemusthavebeen thatofthe
sun . HereIbeli evewehavethetruth
.Therewassupposedtobeaprophetessofeac hS i bylor
Cyc le .Wehavetheprophec i esofei ght
.Therewason eforeac hc yc leasi tpassed
.Atthe
ti meofChri ston ewastoc ome
.Fori tmaybeobserved,thatastherec ouldn otbeon eforthe
fi rst,thati s,beforethec reati on ,therec ouldi n allbeon lyn i n etothec on summati on ofallthi n gs .
Theloc ati on oftheseS i bylsaroun dtheCasaS an taatLorettoc learlyproves,thattheRoman
c hurc hpri vatelymai n tai n edthemythologi c alc harac teroftheVi rgi n Mary,an dherc losec on -
n exi on wi ththesec elebratedladi es .Iti sabsurdtosupposethattheywereplac edi n thi svery
remarkableplac ebyac c i den t,ori n i gn oran c e
.Then whyshouldtheybec on n ec tedwi ththe
Vi rgi n ?
1 3 .
TheApostoli c Con sti tuti on squotetheS i bylli n eorac les,an dsay, "
When allthi n gsshall
"
bereduc edtodustan dashes,an dthei mmortalGod,whoki n dledthefi re,shallhavequen c hed
"
i t,Godshallformthosebon esan dashesi n toman agai n ,an dshallplac emortalmen asthey
" werebefore :
an dthen shallbethejudgmen t,wherei n Godshalldojusti c e
." Herei s,Ithi n k,
i n thi sveryearlywork(forearlyi tc ertai n lywas)an admi ssi on ofthedoc tri n eofaren ewalof
worlds .
JosephusquotestheS i bylli n eorac lesc on c ern i n gthetoweratBabylon .
Theearli estun di sputedChri sti an wri ter,ofwhoman yen ti reworksremai n ,i sJusti n ,an dhe
poi n tedlysays,thattheCumaean S i bylprophesi edtheadven tofChri sti n expresswords . 1
Justi n ' sfi rstApologywaspubli shedn otlaterthan aboutA .D .1 6 0.IftheS i bylswerethen
forged,theyspewhowearlytheChri sti an sbegan theseprac ti c es .Justi n tellstheGreeksthat
theymayfi n dthetruereli gi on i n thean c i en tBabylon i an S i byl,whoc ametoCumaan dthere
gaveherorac les,whi c hPlatoadmi redasdi vi n e
.Clemen sRoman usalsoquotestheS i bylsi n hi s
Epi stletotheCori n thi an s . 2 TheyarealsoquotedbyTheophi lusAn ti oc hen us,Athen agoras,
Fi rmi an us,Lac tan ti us,Eusebi us,S t
.Augusti n e,&c .
Clemen sAlexan dri n usquotesthesewordsfromS t .Paul : Li brosGraec ossumi te,agn osc i te
S i byllamquomodoun umDeumi n di c et,eteaquaesun tfutura .Clemen sAlexan dri n usalso
quotesHerac li tusasan authori tythattheS i bylswerei n spi redbyGod .S t.Austi n saysthe
S i byls,Orpheus,an dHomer,allspoketrulyofGodan dofhi sS on . 3
Thereareseveralworksextan t,purporti n gtobethewri ti n gsofPeter,Paul,an dotherearly
Chri sti an s,i n whi c htheS i bylli n eorac lesarequotedasauthori ti esi n supportoftheChri sti an
reli gi on
.Thesewri ti n gs,fori n stan c ethepreac hi n gofPeter,arequotedastheworksofthe
person swhosen amestheybear,byClemen sAlexan dri n us,an d,i n fac t,areaswellsupportedi n
poi n tofgen ui n en essastheorthodoxgospelhi stori esthemselves,thoughrejec tedbymodern
Chri sti an s
.' Jeremi ahJon eshaslai ddown somerulesofc ri ti c i smbywhi c hhepreten ds totry
thegen ui n en essofan c i en tworks
.Theserulesorc an on sarefalse,toari di c ulousdegree .
1 Floyer' s S i byls,p .2 2 5 .

s
Ibi d.p .3 2 9 .

3 S i rJohn Floyer on
the
S i byls,p .i x .
4
Vi deJon eson Can .Pt.II .Ch . XXXIII.XXXIV.,Vol. I .pp
.3 4 8-3 5 0.
BookX.ChapterI . S ec ti on 1 4

5 6 7
Dr .Lardn eradmi tsthattheoldfathersc alltheS i byls prophetesses i n thestri c testsen seof
theword .' TheS i bylswerekn own asprophetessestoPlato,toAri stotle,Di odorusS i c ulus,
S trabo,Plutarc h,Pausan i as,Ci c ero,Varro,Vi rgi l,Ovi d,Tac i tus,Juven al,an dPli n y .Un derall
thec i rc umstan c esi ti sabsolutelyi mpossi bletoden ythatc ertai n wri tten prophec i esdi dan c i en tly
exi st
;
an dtheon lyquesti on wi llbe,whetherwehavetherealori gi n als,an di ftheori gi n als,
whetherun c orruptedorn ot
.Iti sevi den tthati n theti meofPlatotheymust,atleastpartof
them,havebeen wri tten ; an dthequesti on ari ses,whatc an theyhaveforetold ? Ithi n kIam
en ti tledtoan swer,ThesameasIsai ah,asEn oc h,asZoroaster,astheVedas,astheIri shDrui d
fromBoc c hara,an dastheS i bylofVi rgi l-aren ewedc yc le,wi thi tsheroordi vi n ei n c arn ati on ,
i tspresi di n ggen i us ;
butthi sIthi n kwi llappearmorec learlypresen tly .
TheS i bylswhi c hwen owhaveareoftwoorthreedatesorauthors,an dthough,wi thoutex-
c epti on ,theyalladmi tthe ten
ages,yettheyaren otagreedastotheti mewhen theagesc om-
men c e ; somemaki n gthembegi n wi ththec reati on ,somewi ththeflood .Thi sagai n provesthat
thesystemwaslost
.Thefi rstbookmakesfi veagesorgen erati on sbeforetheflood .Butwhat-
evertheymaybe,thi swan tofc on n exi on an dsystemprovesthemtobeun c on n ec tedworksof
di fferen tti mesan ddi fferen tperson s
.Itc learlyprovesthattheyaren ottheproduc eof
ONE
fraudulen tsystem,momen t,orperson .Itaddsgreatlytotheprobabi li tythattheyare,atleast
partofthem,theproduc eofthec heats,orself-deludedfan ati c s,c alledS i byls-dupesofjudi c i al
astrology . .
Itseemsthatbythewordageorgen erati on di fferen tthi n gsweremean tbydi fferen tperson s,
fromwhi c hc on fusi on hasari sen .ButtheS i byls all agreethatthereweretobewhatarec alled
ten gen erati on soragesoftheworldi n all ; buttheErythraean S i byli stheon lyon ewhoc orrec tly
statesthemtobegi n fromAdam .Erythrawasthen ameofatown i n Ion i aan dalsooftheori -
en taloc ean ,atleastasfarasCeylon orTaproban a .In aformerbookIhaveshewn ,howthe
Jewsan dothern ati on sexpec tedthesi xmi llen ari es
: herei sac learadmi ssi on oftheten peri ods
whi c hc ouldben othi n gbuttheNeroses,orperi odsof6 00years,asi n 6 000thereareten si x
hun dreds .
Ithasbeen sai dthattheErythraean S i byli sthesameastheS i bylofCuma
.
s
Ic an admi tthi s
i n thesen seon lyofren ewedi n c arn ati on
.TheS i bylwassai dtohaveli vedfromthefloodof
Noah . In deed,i twassupposed,thatshewouldli vethroughten yeveag gen erati on s,i . e
.ten
S aec ula,Neroses-whi c hwasthesec retmean i n g,i n thesen seofCyc le,of6 00years
.The
S i bylsdi fferi n thei rac c oun tsi n man yrespec tsfromourpresen tBi ble,thoughevi den tlyalludi n g
tothesamefac ts .Thi si saproofthattheyweren otc opi edfromi t .Forexample,on eofthem
says,thatthearkrestedon thetopofamoun tai n i n Phrygi a .IfthebookoftheS i bylhadbeen
merelyaJewi shoraChri sti an forgery,shewouldn othaveplac edArarati n Phrygi a
.The
S i bylli n eorac les,i n foretelli n g' thatJoshuashouldri seagai n an dre-establi shtheJews,plai n ly
alludetotheren ewalofi n c arn ati on s .In deed,thi si sc learlyrec ogn i zedi n thePsalms
: " Thou
" takestawaythei rbreath .Theydi ean dreturn tothei rdust ; thousen destforththyspi ri tan d
" theyarec reated. 4
Thusthouren ewestthefac eoftheearth ." 5 Thi swastheHi n doodoc -
tri n e,an dJudai smwasvi rtuallyProtestan tBrahmi n i sm .
1 4 .Themosti mportan tpartoftheseorac les,i saveryc elebratedc ollec ti on ofversesi n the
ei ghth book,ortheprophec yofthe ERYTHREAN S i byl,whi c hi n thefi rstwordsformsthefol-
lowi n gAc rosti c i n theGreeklan guage
:
IHZOTEXPEIF.,TO~ ,,OEOTTIOFF,OTHP
' Cred.Hi st.Gosp.Bk
.i .Ch .xxi i .

z
Gallaeus,Cap .vi .
3
Bk. Y. p .4 I,Blun dell .

+ 1 .e.ren ewed .

I Psalmc i v.
5 6 8
NameofChri st
Y,TA' Y' PO: 4 .
Itwi lln otbeden i edthatthi si samon gtheveryearli estoftherec ordsofJesus
Chri st,whetheri tbeaforgeryorn ot,an di ti sveryi mportan t,asi tprovestoeveryGreeksc holar
thatthen ameofChri stdoesn otn ec essari lyc omefromtheGreekword
,pi c a
toan oi n t, butmay
c omefromthewordxgrwS oc
ben i gn us,mi ti s ;
fori ti sherewri tten i n theman n erwhi c hwasc om-
mon i n veryan c i en tti mes,buti n thelaterti mesdi sused,when theatbec amec han gedi n tothe
-
7-asi n
a-wretpa, whi c hbec amea
-
c or71 gta
.
I Thusxeetyosbec ameXg' lS os .The
7)
c on stan tly
c han gedi n tothet,butIbeli eveseldomoreverdi dthetc han gei n tothe
' r) .
Thi sIsaywi th
di ffi den c e,n otprofessi n gtobelearn eden oughi n theGreeklan guagetogi veadec i dedopi n i on on
son i c eapoi n t,ortosaythati n alltheGreekwri tersthec han gen everoc c urs .However,n o
Greeksc holarwi llden ythati t may asreadi lyhavec han gedfromtheettothe ' n
astothet,an d
thatan ywordwhi c hwaswri tten i n an c i en tti meswi ththec a,' li kea
w
retga,mayhavec han ged,
li kei t,i n to
owryptoc .
Thefi rstn ameofJesusmayhavebeen
Xgetros, thesec on dxg7)S oc ,an dthethi rdxgtros .The
wordxgetc oc wasusedbeforetheHwasi n usei n thelan guage .
Ifthen ameofJesusweretobec orrec tlyrepresen tedi n theLati n lan guagefromtheGreek,i t
oughttohavebeen Chreestus,bec ausetheGreekElc han gedi n totheH-fortheElc orrespon ds
wi ththelon gEi n Lati n asNi mrod
2 observes.
Ofthemodei n whi c htheHi n propern ames
c han gedi n totheI,M
.Beausobre s hasgi ven astri ki n gexamplei n then ameofMan es
.He
says, "
Premi c rmen tS t .Augusti n temoi gn e,quen otreheresi arques' appelloi t
MANIN, c ' est-
1 6 A-di re Man en ,
Ma
"
v, parc equeleaLati n ssubsti tuen tsouven tun i a
1 ' elon gdesGrec s ." Thus
Xg-js bec ameCri sorChri s
.Allthi sten dstoprove,thattheori gi n aln amemusthavebeen
speltwi ththeElorthe4 ,an dn otwi ththet
.
On thec han gei n theletterHtoI,Mr .Taylor 4
says," Thec ompli men taryepi thet
~ ~ Cn RES T, (fromwhi c hbywhati sc alledtheloti c i sm,orc han geofthelon gEi n toI,atermof
~ ~ respec tgrewi n toon eofworshi p,)si gn i fi edn othi n gmorethan agoodman .Clemen sAlexan -
"
dri n us,i n thesec on dc en tury,foun dsaseri ousargumen ton thi sparon omasi a,that 5 allwho
~ ~ beli evedi n Chrest(i .e.i n agoodman bothare,an darec alled, Chresti an s, thati s, good
" men ." e
1 5
.Therec ertai n lyatfi rstsi ghti sn othi n gi mprobablei n deri vi n gthewordChri stfromthe
wordXgt '
toan oi n t ; butyet,on morec on si derati on ,i tseemsabsurdtoapplythi stoJesus,
whoc ertai n lyc ouldn otwi than ytruthbec alledei therc rown edoran oi n ted,i fthefourgospel
hi stori esbec orrec t
; ashen everwasei theron eortheother .Iti struethatki n gsan dprophets
werec alledbythen ameofMessi ahorAn oi n ted ; butun lessaprophethadun dergon ethec ere-
mon yofan oi n ti n g,hec ouldn otproperlybec alledan oi n ted .Forthesereason si ti sn otun li kely,
thatthepreten dedderi vati on oftheLati n wordChri stusfromtheGreekwordxgtwwasan after-
thought,adoptedtoservesomeparti c ularpurpose .
Therei sun questi on ablygreatdi ffi c ultyrespec ti n gthen ameofChri stan dtheChri sti an s .At
fi rsttheyc ertai n lywen tbyagreatvari etyofn ames,an damon gothers,byaveryextraordi n ary
on e,n amelyPi sc i c uli or li ttlefi shes. Butfor thepresen t wewi llpassthi sover
.Dr .Heuman
Wi tsi usan dUsherthi n k,thatthen ameofChri sti an swasgi ven themfi rstbytheHeathen Ro-

S eePayn eKn i ght' sHi st

.oftheGreekAlphabet,p .1 05 .! Vol .III .p.4 99 .

Hi st.Man i c h .Vol
.I .
P.
72 . ' An swertoPyeS mi th,p .1 1 3 .
6 Li b.i i i .Cap
.,vi i .p.5 3 ,etc i rc a-Psal. 5 5 ,
D .

6
S trommata,Li b .i i
.
BookX.ChapterI
. S ec ti on 1 4

5 6 9
man s,bec ause,amon gotherreason s,theyshewthi sn amehas a
Lati n , n ota
Greektermi n ati on .
Thi si saveryi mportan tremark .S omeobservati on son thi ssubjec tmaybefoun di n thePalaeo-
romai c o,Di sq.i v. Then ameChri stmaybefai rlyderi vedfromthewordCri stn a,an dthetrai ts
ofsi mi lari tyi n theli vesofCri stn aan dJesus,whi c hhavebeen poi n tedout,wi llprobablyc ompel
thereadertobeli eve,thatthe blac k
GodofItalywasc alledi n somewayorotherfromtheblac k
GodofIn di a,orbothfromsomec ommon sourc e,an dn otfromthean oi n ti n gofaman who n ever
wasan oi n ted .Wewi lln owtrytofi n dhowthi sarose .
Thefi rstun questi on ablygen ui n e heathen evi den c ewehaverespec ti n gthen ameofJesus
Chri stan dtheChri sti an s,i sfoun di n S ueton i us .I Herehei sc i tedbythen ameofChrestus,n ot
Chri stus. S ueton i us,i fhespeakoftheChri sti an s,an dthathedoessospeakIc on c ei ven oi m-
parti alperson c an doubt,mustbeallowedtobe,i n thi sc ase,aperfec tlyc ompeten tan dun i m-
peac hablewi tn ess,ac c ordi n gtoeverypri n c i pleoffai rreason i n g . Thefollowi n garehi swords
Judaeos,i mpulsoreChrestoassi duetumultuan tesRomaexpuli t .
Tac i tusspeaks ofthesesameperson s,
butc allsthemChri sti an s,an dthei rmasterChri stus .
Thi s,on fi rstvi ewofi t,seemsprobably a
c orrupti on ,bec auseon eofthetwomustbeac orrup-
ti on ,an dwhoi n laterti mesc ouldeverthi n kofc orrupti n gS ueton i usi n totheChrestusfrom
Chri stus ?
Lac tan ti usasc ri besthen ameofChrestustothei gn oran c eoftheGreeks,
s
an dsays,Qui prop-
teri gn oran ti umerroremc umi mmutatali teraChrestun i .solen tdi c ere
.
s
Herei samostc lear
admi ssi on ofan un i mpeac hablewi tn essi n thi sc ase,thattheGreeks
were
ac c ustomed,solen t,
to
c allChri stbythen ameofChrestus,an dn ot Chri stus.
Justi n Martyr i s theearli estChri sti an authorof
whomwehavean y un di sputedworksen ti re,
an dtheverybestauthori tyi n theChri sti an Churc h
. In hi i afi rstApology hec allstheChri sti an s
XpprVaY0l .
On thatpassageBen Davi d(thati s,Dr
. John Jon es) says, 4 " Tothi smean i n gof
" XQ{6 zos,
Justi n Martyri n hi sfi rstApologythusalludes, &orzs ex rou xarslyopovpsYou 4 i t.a
w
" OYOi u.c c ros
X?1 lrorarotua a pXoEY
' i .e .from themeren ame whi c h i si mputedtousas a c ri me,
wearethemostexc ellen t ." On thi spassageThi rlbyhasthefollowi n gn ote : Xg?1 soraroi ,
Allusi oeatad
vulgatameo tempore c on suetudi n em, quhChri stua i gn orata n omi n i s rati on en omi -
n abi turChrestus . (S ylburgi us .) Herei san otherdec i si veproofthati n theti meofJusti n the
Chri sti an swerec ommon lyc alledChresti an s
. In then ext page
Justi n c allstheChri sti an s
Xoto r i avoi , an dheadds,ro 8e XQr)s rov
1 6 eeff8at 8txa+ ov "
Tohatewhati s good, c hreston ,i s
n otjust ." On thi sThi rlbyi n an ote
says(XQurrtavoi ) XgTJT7 otvoi
legen dumhaudi mmeri to
c on jec tavi tS ylburgi us,exmen tesc i li c etseupoti usvoc eadversari orum .
(GRABS
.)
An dc ertai n
i ti s,thatS ylburgi usc on jec turedverytruly
.
Fori tc an n otbedoubtedthatthe Xpi 6 rtav J of
Justi n i sac orrupti on ,an daveryabsurdc orrupti on
. Ifhehavebeen c orruptedi n on eplac ehe
mayi n others.
Agai n Justi n Martyrsays, 5 " Forwearei n di c tedbythen ameofChri sti an s,butn ow Xprlros
" i sawordfor
ki n d or good ; an dsuc hawordc an n otsurelybeajustfoun dati on forhatred ."
Iti si mpossi blen ottoseethatheretheword
Xpi si avos
orChri sti an si sac orrupti on ,an dthati t
oughttobeXQrlssavosorChresti an s . Wi thoutthi semen dati on thepassagei sn on sen se,as
everyGreeksc holarmustsee
. In man yotherplac es,whereJusti n Martyri smadetospeaki n
' In Vi taClaud.Cap .xxv.
! Ben Davi d' srefutati on ofthebookc alled " NotPaul,butJesus," pp . 2 77,2 78.
Li b .i v .Cap .vi i .

I Pp.84 ,1 03 ,1 04 .

6
S ec t .i v.

6 Reeves' sJusti n
.
5 70
NameofChri st
theGreekofChri stan dChri sti an s,hi spagei sevi den tlyc orrupted
; butan atten ti veobservati on
oftheabovepassagewi llshewthereaderwhytheword
Xp7jsosi s
exc eptedi n i t,n amely,bec ause
i twas i mpossi ble,
c on si sten tlywi ththesen seofthec on text,todoi t
.Thereforei ti s
halfc or-
rupted ; theword
xrTlsos
c ouldn otbec orrupted
.
Certai n lyJusti n wouldn othavec alledthem
Xg-1 S Iavoi i f Xp)gos
badn otbeen thec ommon n amebywhi c hChri stwaskn own
; an dwhen , i n
otherplac es,hec allshi m
Xglsos,
thi sbei n gi n opposi ti on orc on tradi c ti on totheformer,on eof
thepassagesmusthavebeen c orrupted
. Buti ti sabsurdtosupposethe XQTJS os
tobethe
c orruptedorthography,bec ausethec orrupti on musthavebeen madebytheadvoc atesforthe
n otforthen -theworkofJusti n havi n galwaysbeen i n possessi on ofthefollowersofthe
Tertulli an says,
I
Chri sti an usquan tumi n terpretati oest,deun c ti on ededuc i tur
. S edetc um
perperamChresti an uspron un c i atur a
vobi s(n amn ec n omi n i sc ertaestn oti ti apen esvos)de
suavi tatevelben i gn i tatec omposi tumest
.
Odi turergoi n homi n i busi n n oc ui seti amn omen
i n n oc uum .
Bi n gham 2
says,theChri sti an sweren otc alledChri sti an s,i
.e
.Chri sti an i ,ti lltheti meofS t .
Ambrose.
Isupposethi swasbec ausetheywerec alledChresti an s
.
Luc i an ,i n abookc alledPhi lopatri s,makesaperson c alledTri ephon an swerthequesti on ,
whethertheaffai rsoftheChri sti an swererec ordedi n heaven ,
" Alln ati on sarethererec orded,
"
si n c eChrestusexi stseven amon gtheGen ti les
: "
EIruXoi Xprlsos mateveOvert
.
Thusi ti s
perfec tlyc learthattheywerec alledChresti an sbytheGen ti les,aswellasbyJusti n Martyr,the
fi rstoftheChri sti an si n hi sday .
Butthefollowi n gevi den c ei sc on c lusi veupon thesubjec t
: Dr.Jon es
a
observes,thatthi sword
i sfoun di n Rom .xvi .1 8 .
Hesays, "
An di n truththec omposi ti on ofi ti s
Xp1 TTOs ?o7ta,i
.e .
Roytawet T8 Xp71 TT1 3 ,
orac lesc on c ern i n gChrestus,thati s,orac leswhi c hc ertai n i mpostors
"
i n thec hurc hatRomepropagatedc on c ern i n gChri st,
X
~ Isos
bei n gc han gedbythemi n to
" Xg7)sos, THE US UAL
NAMEGIVEN
HIM BY THE
GNOS TICS , ANDEVEN BY
UNBELIEVERS ." 4
HereIthi n ken oughi sadmi ttedbyDr
.Jon estoshewprettyc learlythathi sori gi n aln amewas
XQ,Isos,
an dthatthe t
wasn otc han gedi n tothe7j,butthe
7)
i n tothe t .
Agai n ,Dr
.Jon essays," Nowi ti smyobjec ttospewthattheApostlePaul,
i n
twoplac es,hasan

obvi ousreferen c etotheabovei n terpretati on oftheword

Xgi sos . Thefi rsti si n Phi li pp
.i .2 1
"
` Formetoli vei sChri st,an dtodi ei sgai n ,' wheretheparalleli smrequi res X~ ITrag i n thesen se

of
XrrgTTOs toc orrespon dtox6 gaoc
." 5 " On esi muswasaslaveofPhi lemon ,afri en dofPaul,

an dhi sbrotheri n Chri st

.Whi leatRome,thatperson wasc on vertedtoChri sti an i tybythe

Apostle,whobei n gn owi n c hai n s,an dassuc hhavi n goc c asi on forhi sservi c e,detai n edhi mfor

someti mefromhi smaster,an dthen sen thi mbac kwi ththi sletterasan apologytoPhi lemon
" `
Ibeseec hthee,i n behalfofmyson On esi mus,whomIhavebegotten i n mybon ds,an dwhomI

` agai n sen dbac ktothee,rec ei vehi masmyown bowels

.' Hi sargumen ti sthi s
: ` AsOn esi mus,

'
whi leyetastran gertoChri st,wasamereeye-servan t,dri ven byfearan dc ompulsi on ,an d

`
thereforeworthlesstohi smaster,sobyi mbi bi n gthespi ri tofChri st,hei sn owbec omea

` fai thfulan dvaluableservan t-TOYwrorE

To,
a&71 TTOV,vuvi 8eo' otmat g4 ot euXpn TTOV,i
.e.
I Apol . Cap .
i i i . ; Ben Davi d, pp .2 77,2 78 ; Bi n gham, Vol .I.p .1 2 .

4
Booki .Chap . i
.P .7
.

Lex .i n voc e .
To shew bow farabsurdi tyc an go,Dr
.Jon essays,on theword XpS -o; , " Chri st,hewhomeven God ANOINTED
" WITHDIVINE
POWER .-
Hemi ghtaswellsaythattheman whowashan gedlastweek,wasan oi n tedwi th arope ;
or,thatwhen theLordMayorgavetheKi n gadi n n er,hean oi n tedhi mwi th
beef.
5
Ben Davi d, pp.2 78,2 79 .
BookX
.ChapterI .S ec ti on 1 6

5 71
" ' TOY 7r0TE tog aXQI?Tov,ovTa aol aXpv)6 ?ov, vuvl 8'
tri g
Ev Xourrp oos matsaw EuXpvf6 TO1 .
" Theparon omasi ai sperc epti bleon lytothosewhoun derstan dGreek,an dc an n otbetran slated
" i n toan ymodern lan guage ."
Juli an c allstheBapti st
Xor
j
gogIwavv7lS .
But,asIhavesai dbefore,thi smatteri sputoutof
alldoubtbythedoc tri n ebei n gexpresslyc alledbyS t .PaulXQr)S o% oyla,Rom .xvi .1 8 : Kal
S la
TrgXpr
7
6 T0,4 0ylag xal EU% oy{agE~ a2 raTCU6 1 Tag ,c c ti ag, TOY axaxwv.
S t
.Paulwaswri ti n g
expresslyagai n sttheGn osti c Chri sti an s.
ButJesuswasc alled Xp7lsog byS t .Peter' aswellasbyS t .Paul .Ishallbetoldthatthi si s
avari ousreadi n g .True,alltheman usc ri ptshaven otbeen c orrec ted .Butwhatsaysthelearn ed
Bi shopMarshon thi s
?" 1 Pet .i i . 3 :
Xp7i aTog,
others
Xpi a-Tog, wheretheprec edi n gverb
" E" EU6 ao' FE determi n estheformertobethetruereadi n g." 2 TheRev .JosephWhi te,i n hi s
Cri sewsGri esbac hi an w,has
very pruden tly n otn oti c edthi svari ousreadi n g :
c ertai n lyon eofthe
mosti mportan ti n thebook .Thi si sei theran ac c i den torafraud .
Ifmyreaderwi llc on si derwi thatten ti on thepassageswhi c hIhavegi ven abovefromDr
.Jon es,
hemustseetheDoc torhasshewn mostc learly,thatn oton lytheGen ti lesc ommon lyc alledChri st
XpIT,rog, butthattheGn osti c Chri sti an s,asi sIbeli eveadmi tted,beyon dallc ompari son the
mostn umeroussec tofChri sti an s,(bec auseman ysec tswerec ompri sedi n thetermGn osti c ,) as
wellasthemostlearn edan drespec table,alsoc alledhi m
Xp7jTTog .
Thei mportan tfac tthat
Chri stwasfi rstc alled Xprrrrog, an dtheChri sti an s Xp>76 rlavot, wasasn earlylostaspossi ble .
Theac c i den taldi sc overyofan i n sc ri pti on ,whi c hIshallpresen tlyn oti c e,gi ven byDr .Clarke,i n
hi sTravels,alon esavedi t
.Theorthodoxmusthavebeen veryi n dustri ous.But,aswehave
seen ,i ti salsoqui tec learthatbewassoc alledbybothS t .Peteran dS t .Paul,an dsurelythi swi ll
n otbedi sputed.
In theChrestologi aofS t .Paulan dJusti n Martyrwehavetheesoteri c reli gi on oftheVati c an ,
arefi n edGn osti c i smforthec ardi n als,amoregrosson eforthepeople .Itseemsveryextraor-
di n ary,thatwhen Lardn erwasn oti c i n gtheChrestusofS ueton i usheshouldpassoverthemost
i mportan tfac t-thatJesuswasc ommon lykn own bythen ameof
XprlrTog
amon gthatsec tof
Chri sti an s,whi c hwasbyfarthemostn umerousan dlearn edi n theworld .Theren everwas
born amorec un n i n gman than Lardn er,n oron ewhokn ewbetterwhen tospeak,an dwhen tobe
si len t
.In thi si n stan c eheseemstohavefollowedtheexampleofEusebi us,when ,i n theli feof
Con stan ti n e,hec on c ealedthemurderofhi sson Cri spus
.Ic an n otbeli evethatLarduerwas
i gn oran tthattheChri sti an swerec alled Xp77rTlavot
.
Ihaveexami n edhi si n dexes,butc an fi n d
n othi n gon thesubjec t
.An d,i n hi spreten ded surpri se thatS ueton i usshouldc allJesus,
Chrestus,
hebetraysthegrossestdi si n gen uousn ess .Iti si mpossi blethatthi slearn edman c an havebeen
i gn oran tofi t
.Buthefoun dthati fhen oti c edi t,even toen deavourtorefutei t,hewouldbri n g
i n toobservati on whatwasasgoodaslost,an dwhati twasverydesi rabletokeepoutofsi ght .
Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthatthec on duc tofbothLardn eran dWhi teproc eededfromthesame
sourc e-awi shtoc on c ealthefac t,asmallpartofthei mportan c eofwhi c htheysaw .
1 6
.Thefollowi n gextrac tfromDr .Clarke' sTravels,relati n gtotheHeathen mon umen tjust
n amed,furn i shesaproofthatthe
Xp7lrrrog waskn own beforeChri st
.
"
Wi thi n thesan c tuary,behi n dthealtar,wesawthefragmen tsofa
marblec athedra ; upon the
"
bac kofwhi c hwefoun dthefollowi n gi n sc ri pti on ,exac tlyasi ti sherewri tten ,n opartofi t
" havi n gbeen i n juredorobli terated
; affordi n g,perhaps,theon lyi n stan c ekn own ofasepulc hral
"
i n sc ri pti on upon amon umen tofthi sremarkableform
' IEpi s
.1 3 .

2 Marsh' sMi c h .Vari ousReadi n gsofthe

N.T. Vol. I.Ch.vi .S ec t .vi i i .p .2 78 .
5 72
Clarke' s In sc ri pti on
XPHY,TO$ V
HPS 1 TOTOEY,
: ~ A
AMAAPEMAIM
HEAA2 ; TIfTH2 ;
ETS 2 N .
IH
HP1 9Z
" It
i si n hon ourofayouthofLari ssa,i n Thessaly,whodi edatei ghteen yearsofage .
Astothe
i Q words Xp~ 6 Tog an d rlpc wg,
i tmayheremarkedthat ALL THEEPITAPHS UPON
LARIS S MANS ,
whi c hS pon haspreserved,c on tai n thesewords
.
Therewereman yc i ti eshavi n gthen ameof
fQ Lari ssa ; c on sequen tlythe
c i ty, whereoftheyouthherec ommemoratedwasan ati ve,hasthe
i di sti n c ti on ofHeaa6 yuw' rtg
. Iti sn amedbyS trabo .
Thoughoutofthe Pelasgi oti si t had
GQ then ameofLari ssaPelasgi a ." I
Ic on si deran an c i en ti n sc ri pti on ofthi ski n dastheverybest
spec i esofevi den c eofan yfac t .
Ic on si derthewords Xp 7;
sog
atthetopan d
Hpwg
atthebottomofthi si n sc ri pti on ,tohavea
mysti c almean i n g,an dtobeusedasmon ograms,orastheD
.M
.areusedon Roman mon umen ts ;
thatHpwgi sadi alec ti c modeofwri ti n g
Epwg 2 -an dthatbothmean
theben i gn an tbei n g or
Di vi n eLove.
AlltheHeroes,whowereproperlysoc alled,wereDemi godsorIn c arn ati on sof
Di vi n eLoveorWi sdom .
Thefac tofthesewords
bei n gon allthemon umen ts, proves,thatthey
aren ei therofthemthen ameofadec easedperson
.
The heart
maybeseen i n greatn umbersoftheChri sti an mon umen tsi n theVati c an palac eat
Rome.
TheRoman Churc hhasan offi c eforthebleedi n gheart
.
Asan emblemsc arc elyan y
thi n gi smorec ommon .
Butthewayi n whi c hi ti sc on n ec tedwi ththeRomi shChri sti an sepul-
c hralmon umen ts,an dwi ththoseoftheHeathen s,shewsac losec on n exi on between them
.
The
heart,bei n gtheemblemofthepassi on orsen sati on ofaffec ti on ofon eperson toan other,c ame
veryn aturallytobetheemblemofdi vi n elove
. 3
Atfi rsti tmaybethoughtthatafi gureofthi s
ki n di satri fli n gc i rc umstan c ean dn otworthn oti c e
.Idaresayi twi llbesoc on si dered,byperson s
whospen dthei rli vesi n i dleattemptstosupplyaLac un aortwoi n aGreekplay
; but,tri fli n gas
i tmayappear,Iwi llc ompelthesc epti c tobeli ef,i n theopi n i on Imyselfen tertai n
. Herewe
havetheheartupon an an c i en tGrec i an mon umen tbeforeChri st,an dc on n ec tedwi ththeword
Xpr
i
sog, an dthen ameofCupi dordi vi n eloveHpwg
. Wehavei ton an In di an mon umen tof
Bal-i i an i n c arn ati on ofVi shn uc ruc i fi edi n theheaven s,an dwehavei ton vastn umbersofmodern
Chri sti an mon umen tsi n theVati c an atRome
.Idefyan yon etodoubtthe' c losec on n exi on of
thethree
.Ci rc umstan c esofthi ski n darebetterthan an ywri tten evi den c ewhatever
.Thi sheart
i soften represen tedi n Romi shChurc heswi thdartsorspearsstuc ki n i t
. ImagesofChri stare
often seen wi thaspearthrusti n tothesi de
.Thei mageofBal-i i hasalsoaholeorwoun di n the
si de,an di sdesc ri bedbyan epi thetwhi c hmi ghtberen deredi n toEn gli sh
si de-woun ded.

Clarke' sTravels,
Vol .IV.p.
1 89,4 to .
2 Di alec tusAtti c a, vvrapsgr pro aS uvapc n r. S CAPULA.

Overthealtar of theAbbey-c hurc hatTewkesbury,whi c hi smorean c i en t

.Ithi n k,than thec hurc h,awi n ged
hearti splac edbelowthedove.
BookX.ChapterI . S ec ti on 1 8

5 73
TheLati n n ameofChri sti an i t wasfi rstgi ven tothefollowersofJesusatAn ti oc h,probably
asatermofreproac h ; whi c hi sthereason ,thoughtheywereperhapsn otoften i n sultedwi th
i t,whytheChri sti an fathersi n theearli estti men everusei t .An dIbeli evei twasn ot
adoptedti llthedoc tri n eofPaulwasgraftedi n tothegospelofJesus,bytheRoman orPopi sh
Chri sti an s ; an dthen ,forthefi rstti me,alon gwi ththe Chri stc ruc i fi ed ofPaul,c ametheLati n
wordChri stus .
Now,wi threspec ttotheword an oi n ted i tmayberec ollec ted,thateverythi n gwhi c hwas
an oi n tedhadc on vertedtoi tthequali typec uli arlymean ttobedesc ri bedbytheword
Xp' wo5
ofgood,holy,sac red
.Tomaketheston eofJac obholyan dsac redi twasan oi n ted .Toi n stalla
propheti n tohi soffi c e,hewasan oi n ted .Toren derki n gssac red,theyareyetan oi n ted ; from
thi sc amethei deathatChri sthadhi sn amefrombei n gan oi n ted .An dCryso-poli san dChri stare
examplesofthesamec on fusi on oflan guagean di dea .IfthewordChri sthadi tsori gi n from
theGreekword Xpswtoan oi n t, i n theac rosti c i twouldn othavebeen wri tten X
pesos but.
Xpesos .
Forallthesereason sc ollec ti vely,Ic on c ludethattheori gi n aln amebywhi c hChri sti an swere
c alledwas,followersof X
p7~ sog or Xp~ S i avot
.
In eedn otwastemorewordsupon thi spoi n t,for
thefac tc an n otbedi sputedthattheywerethusc alledbothbyChri sti an fathersan dGen ti les .
Buti ti sapoi n tofverygreati mportan c e
.Dr
.John Jon es' sadmi ssi on ,thattheGn osti c san d
otherearlyHereti c sc alledJesusbytheepi thet
Xp
n
sog,
Chrestus, c oupledwi ththei n di sputable
fac tthatJusti n Martyrc allshi sfollowers Xpr ri avot,
i squi teen oughforme,wi thouttheautho-
ri tyofS t .Peteran dS t
.Paul .
1 7.NodoubtIshallbeaskedthereason whythi sdi sc overywhi c hIhavemadeofthean c i en t
n ameofChri sthasn everbeen madebefore .Towhi c hIreply,Looktothedec reesofEmperors,
Popes,an dCoun c i ls,almosti n n umerable,forthedestruc ti on ofthewri ti n gsofthoseperson swho
wereli kelytostateorn amethefac ti n an c i en tti mes,an dyouwi llseethereason
.Hadwethe
largean dlearn edworkofPorphyryortheworksofAmmon i usS ac c as,n odoubtweshouldhave
thi san dman yotherpoi n tsc learedup . 2 IfIbeaskedwhyLardn erdi dn otdi sc overi t,Ireply,
Noon ei ssobli n dashewhowi lln otsee .Iti si mpossi blethathec an havebeen i gn oran t
: an d
i ti son eofman yexamplesofhi sdi si n gen uousn ess .Forthec auseoftruthi ti samostfortun ate
c i rc umstan c ethatthepri estsi n tran sc ri bi n gtheworksofJusti n Martyrhaveoverlookedthepas-
sagewhi c hthereaderhasseen
.Therec an ben odoubtthateveryplac ewhereheusestheword
Xpssos i n steadoftheword Xpri son
i sac orrupti on ,an dthesamei sprobablythec asewi thevery
wri terbeforehi sti me, i f
an ytherewere .
OfalltheChri sti an wri tersofan ti qui tytherei sn oon eofwhoseworksIregretthelossso
muc hasthoseofAmmon i usS ac c as
.Fromhi mIhaven odoubtthatweshouldhavehadthe
wholeexplai n ed
.
Theword
XpIsog
amon gtheGen ti les,di dn oton lymean ben i gn us,mi ti s,
buti talsomean t,
when appli edtoaperson ,abei n gsuperi ortoman ,ofaben evolen tn ature
;
prec i selyadi vi n ei n -
c arn ati on .
Hpc uc
hadthesamemean i n g-a
demi god. Theresultofthewholei s,i ti sc learly
provedthatthePapalChri sti an sc han gedthefi rstn ameofJesusfromthatofChrestustothatof
Chri stus,wi ththeLati n termi n ati on
.In afuturepageIshallproduc esomeveryc uri ousc i rc um-
stan c eswhi c hwi lltrac ethi sChrestos,foretoldbytheS i byls,toIn di a .
1 8
.1 wi lln owreturn tothec on si derati on oftheAc rosti c oftheS i byls .Iti sveryc ertai n from
thepassagei n Vi rgi l,thatagreatperson age
to ren ewthean c i en tti mes,
toac tagai n theTrojan
' Ac tsxi .2 6 .

1
Vi deLardn er' sWorks,Vol
.IV .Ch .xvi i .p .1 1 1
.,4 to .
4
5 74

Ci c eroAdmi tsAc rosti c

war,theArgon auti eexpedi ti on ,&c
.,wasforetoldbytheS i byl
.Iti sveryc ertai n fromthefol-
lowi n gpassagesofCi c eroalso,thatagreatperson wasforetold,an dthatforthepurposeofthi s
en un c i ati on an Ac rosti c wasused ;
forthoughhei si n vi olen topposi ti on totheS i bylli n epro-
phec y,bec ausei twasusedtojusti fythesetti n gupofatyran n y,an dasks,whatman ,an di n
whatparti c ularti metheman i sforetold,yethedoesn otden ytheprophec y
.An dthoughhe
arguesagai n sttheaxposri xog,hedoesn otden yi tsexi sten c e,butadmi tsi t
.
S i byllaeversusobservamusquosi llafuren sfudi ssedi c i tur
.Quorumi n terpresn uperfalsa
queedamhomi n umfamadi c turusi n sen atuputabatureum,quern reveraRegemhabebamus,ap-
pellan dumquoqueesseregem,si salvi elsevellemus
.Hoc si esti n li bri s,i n quern homi n em,et
i n quodtempusest ?' (N .B.)
Calli deen i m,qui i llac omposui t,perfec i t,ut,quodc umqueac c i -
di ssetpraedi c tutn vi deretur,homi n umettemporumdefi n i ti on esublata
.Adhi bui teti amlatebram
obsc uri tati s,uti i demversusali asi n ali amremposseac c ommodari vi deren tur
.Non esseautem
i lludc armen furen ti s,c umi psumPoemadec larat(esten i mmagi sarti s,etdi li gen ti ae,quami n c i -
tati on i setmotus)turn veroeaqweaxpostxogdi c i tur,c umdei n c epsexpri mi sversuumli teri s
ali qui dc on n ec ti tur . 2 "
Wetaken oti c eoftheversesoftheS i bylwhi c hshei ssai dtohavepoured

outi n afuryorpropheti c phren zy ;

thei n terpreterwhereof,waslatelythoughttohavebeen

abouttodec larei n theS en ate-house,thati fwewouldbesafeweshouldac kn owledgehi mfora

Ki n gwhoreallywasso
.Iftherebean ysuc hthi n gc on tai n edi n theS i bylli n ebooks,then we
" deman d,c on c ern i n gwhatman i si tspoken ,an dofwhatti me
?
Forwhoeverframedthose

S i bylli n everses,hec rafti lyc on tri vedthatwhatsoevershouldc ometopass,mi ghtseemtohave

"
been predi c tedi n them,bytaki n gawayalldi sti n c ti on sofperson san dti mes
.Healsopur-
p

oselyaffec tedobsc uri ty,thatthesameversesmi ghtbeac c ommodated,someti mestoon e

thi n g,someti mestoan other

.Butthattheyproc eededn otfromfuryan dpropheti c rage,but
"
ratherfromartan dc on tri van c e,dothn olessappearotherwi sethan from
theAc rosti c i n them ."
Iti sperfec tlyc learthati n theti meofCi c erotherewasan ac rosti c i n thebook
.Ifthatwhi c h
i sthereatthi sti meben oti t,praywherei si t
? IftheChri sti an shadforgedthi sac rosti c after
theti meofJusti n ,theywouldhavec on tri vedtoi n sert
Xpi sog an dn ot
Xpetsog.
ButIshalln owproduc ei n thi sc ase,Ithi n k,an un i mpeac hablewi tn ess,thatthepresen t
ac rosti c wasthati n theS i byli n theti meofCi c ero
; for Eusebi us
affi rms,thatCi c eroquoted
these very
verseswhi c hc on tai n theac rosti c ,an dwhi c hhesayswasi n theErythraean S i byl
.If
thefatherofec c lesi asti c alhi storymaybec redi ted,thefac toftheexi sten c eofourpresen t
ac rosti c i n theti meofCi c eroc an n otbedoubted. 3
Justi n says, "
thattheS i byln oton lyexpresslyan dc learlyforetellsthefuturec omi n gofour
S avi ourJesusChri st,butalsoallthi n gsthatshouldbedon ebyhi m
." 4
Thi swasi n theearly
partofthesec on dc en tury,an di texac tlyan swerstoourpresen tS i byls
.Iti sveryevi den tthat,
supposi n gthen ameofJesusChri sttohavebeen un kn own asaman ' sn ame,whi c hi tmi ghtbei n
theti meofCi c ero,thepoemmi ghtpassgen erallywi thoutthemean i n goftheac rosti c bei n gdi s-
c overed,orwi thouti tsbei n gperc ei vedthatthelettersformedan ac rosti c ,exc epttothei n i -
ti ated .
Theac rosti c sui tedboththeHeathen san dtheChri sti an s .Ifi twereHeathen ,therewasn o
oc c asi on fortheChri sti an stoexpun gei t ; i fi twereChri sti an ,therewasn ooc c asi on forthe
' S eeFloyer' sS i byls,lastpage,App
.3 3 6 ; an dc on sultMarti an usCapella,Li b
.i i .

DeDi v .Li b .i i .

Vi deFloyer' sS i byl,Pref .p .xx .

4 Cohort.ad.Gr .p .3 6 ,i b .3 7,A ; Lard.Works,Ch
.XXIX .
BookX.
Chapter I .
Section 18

575
Heathenstoexpungeit :
iftheHeathensinterpolatedit,itservedtheChristian ; ifthe
Chris-
tians,theHeathen .
ThattheChristiansshouldhavecorruptedtheoracles isverylikely,and
eveninsomedegreetheverseswhichformtheacrostic-butstillkeeping theacrostic. I ndeed,
aftertheobservationinJustin,thatallthethingswhichhadhappenedtoJesuswereinthe
Sibyl,wasnoticed,I havenodoubtthatiftherewereanythingintheGospelswhichwasnotin
theSibyl,theChristianswouldputitthere
. ThereisundoubtedevidencethatourGospel
historiesunderwentrepeatedrevisions . ThosewhowouldrevisetheGospels,wouldnotscruple
torevisetheSibyls .
Dr. Cudworth,inhisfinefourthchapterhasobserved,
thattheseoracles,thoughpretendedto
bekeptlockedupinthetimeofCicero,wereapparentlywellknown
. I fthiswerethecase,the
difficultyofinterpolatingthemwasgreatlyincreased
. I ftheacrosticwhichwehavewerenotthe
onealludedtobyCicero,I ,again,begthosewhodenyit,
totellmetowhattheacrosticcould
possiblyallude . I tevidentlyalludedtothegoodbeingwhosenamewasplacedattheheadofthe
epitaphontheyouthofLarissa,whowasnotahero
asthelearnedandrespectableChristian
advocateofCambridge,111r. Hughes, 1 hasexpoundedit
. ThecircumstancenoticedbyClarke,
thatitisonallthemonumentalinscriptionsofSpon,
shewsthatClarkeisright,andthatthe
learnedCantab . ismistaken.
I begmyreadertorecollectthatifheexpectancientsecretsofthekindheredescribed-secrets
guardedbytheinitiatedwiththegreatestcareandmostsolemnoaths,
tobeprovedlikeapropo-
sitionofEuclid,hewillexpectwhatisveryunreasonable,
andwhathewillneverfind-secrets,
too,endeavouredtobeconcealedbyourmodernpriests . Aprobability,anapproximationtoa
demonstrationofthetruth,isallthatcanbeexpected . Underallthesecircumstances,I cannot
doubtthattheacrosticwhichwehave,wasactuallytheacrosticreferredtobyCicero,
andthatit
meantI MXPMTO2
; thebenignantGeniusornewincarnationofBacchus, orBuddha,or
DivineWisdom,theProtogonosofGod,or
OEOTTI M
:
SRTHP.
AlthoughCicero,inthe
passageI havequoted,doesnotgiveusthewordsoftheacrostic,itisevidentthatitreferredto
somegreatperson-butstillitgaveonlyamysticalnameofhim .
I nshort,thereisnottheleast
evidenceagainsteitherthegenuinenessofthebookorofthepassage
.
HowtheSibylsoriginallycametoRomeitisdifficulttosay,for,tothestoryoftheirpurchase,
byTarquin,I supposenoonenowattends : butaftertheywereburnt,inthetimeofSylla,others
wereprocuredfromErythrmabyambassadorssentforthepurpose, afactwhichshewsthatthey
werewellknowntoexist. Afterward,othersweresoughtforbyAugustus,whosemeasures
Tacitusthusdescribes : 2 QuaesitisSamo,I lio,Erythraeis,perAfricametiametSiciliametI talicas
coloniascarminibusSibyllae,datumSacerdotibusnegotium,quantumhumantope
potuissent,vera
discernere
.
HereweseethatthesebookswerecollectedbyAugustusfromvariousplaces
:
of
coursetheErythraeanfromErythrwa,theCumaeanfromCuma,&c . ,&c
. ; andforseveralhundred
yearsafterhistime,itmayreasonablybebelieved,thattheiridentitycouldnotwell
bedisputed.
I tisverycertainthat,thoughknowntoexist,theywerenotthrown
opentothepublic,andI
thinkitseemsprobable,thattheywerenotpublishedtilltheChristians
gotpossessionofthem,
and,fortheirpurposes,publishedthem,thoughtheywere quotedtosupportthetyrannyof
Augustus,andtheattemptedtyrannyofothersbeforehim .
I tisverycertainthatScipioandSyllabothfoundedtheirclaimsto
powerupontheprophecy
in
theSibyls-thatanillustriouspersonorasaviourwouldcome
ontheopeningofsomeun-
known,butspeedily-expected,newage. ThisisconfirmedbyVirgil,andheisallowedto'be
' SeehisTravelsin
Greece,
Vol
. I . p. 3 6 0 ,Ed
. 4 to.

Annal. Lib
. vi .
576
ExtractFromI )upuis
namedinanacrosticbyCicero. I nthetimeofCicerol71crss
Xpils
or
Xpetsos
wasmystical,and
meant,inGreek,the goodsaviour I E . Nowasuspicionunavoidablyarises,that Jesus(who was
socalledaswelearnfromMatthew,becausethatnamemeant
Saviour) wasalsocalledChrest
fromthisveryoracle-thatcertainlybeingoneofthesheet-anchorsofthereligionofJesusin
theearliesttimes . I nthesenseofdivineincarnation,theappellationI rla
s 6 Xprlsosappliesto
allthepretenderstopowernoticedabove
; andwhenCicerowaswritingagainsttheacrosticasa
thingwellknownbothtohim,andtothepersonstowhomhewasaddressinghimself,itwasnot
anecessaryconsequencethatheshouldrecitethewordsofit. Almosteveryparticularinthe
lifeofChristasdetailedinourGospels,istobefoundintheSibyls,sothatitcanscarcelybe
doubtedthattheSibylswerecopiedfromtheGospelhistories,ortheGospelhistoriesfromthem .
I tisalsoverycertainthattherewasanErythraeanSibylbeforethetimeofChrist,whateverit
mightcontain. WherethisErythraeawas,weshallpresentlytrytodiscover.
Noonecandeny,thattheGreekversesareofaninferiordescription : justsuchasmightbe
expectedfromtheLatinmessengerssentbyAugustustotranslatethemoutofoneforeignori-
entallanguageintoanother-neitherofwhich,probably,theyunderstood . HadhesentVirgil,it
islikelythattheywouldhavebeentranslatedbetter . I nordertoproducetheacrostic,the
translatorevidentlyworkedwithtiedhands
. TheoriginalsmightbeinHebrew,orsomeother
Easterndialect: ,andmighthavetheacrosticinthatlanguageinawordwhichmightmeanat
onceSaviour,Sun,and6 0 8,(suchforinstanceas ll/ ithra inHebrew,)andbetranslatedatfull
lengthintoGreek. WeknowacrosticswereusedbytheHebrews,fromthose u
sed . i n the
Psalmsforthelettersofthealphabet . CicerocouldnotquotethewordsoftheSibyls,without
beingguiltyofagreatbreachofthelaw .
19
.
.
.
ThefollowingpassageofDupuisspewsthattheErythraeanSibylmighteasilywritethe
acrostc,andthatintheGreekandLatinlanguages,foritisinboth,asthereaderwillfindin
Gallaeus :
thatistosay,thattheknowledgeofsuchapersonas
Xpilsros
thebenignant Farrlp,
orinHebrew-Greek,
I HFss,
mightbeeasilyknowntoher,previoustothedateofthebirthof
theJesusChristoftheRomishChurch .
" ButtheVirginoftheconstellations,I sis,themotherofOrus,isreallythisfamousVirgin
"
motheroftheGodoflight,aswehaveshewninanotherpartofthiswork,towhichwereferthe
'~reader.
Wecontentourselvesherewithsaying,thatthecelestialvirgin,ofwhichtheheaven
"
offersusthepictureattheequinoxofthespring,withthecelestialarkandtheserpent,was
"
effectuallyrepresentedinalltheancientsphereswithallthecharactersofthatoftheApoca-
lypse,thatistosay,asafemalenewlylaidin,andholdinginherarmsayounginfant,which
"
shesuckles,andwhichhasallthecharactersofChrist. BeholdhowthesphereofthePersians
"
oroftheMagi,inthefirstdecanofthecelestialVirginisexpressed : Virgopulchra I
capillitio
" prolixoduasspicasmanugestans,
sedens insiliquastro, educanspuerulum, lactansetcibanseum
.

CaputBestim : andthesphereoftheBarbarianadds,
pars caudaeDraconis
. " " TheArabian
" AlboazarorAbulmazargoesfarther
. Hegives,aftertheancienttraditionsofthePersians,the
" realnameofthisinfant. Thisis,accordingtohim,bewhomsomepersonscall
Jesus and
"others Christ,
aswehaveseeninourchapterontheChristianreligion,wherewehavereported

thispassage. " 2
Onefindshere,asintheApocalypse,aninfantnewlyborn,placedonanelevatedthrone,and
inthearmsofafemalelatelydelivered,whonurseshim
. AndthisinfantistheJesus,theChrist,
theGodwhoought,asthechildoftheApocalypse,toreignovertheworld
. Canmoremarksof
I Scaliger, n
ot. a
d
Manil . p3 4 1

2 Tonne I I I
. p. 4 6 .
BookX
. ChapterI . Section
19

577
similaritybeexpected? Thisistheyounginfant,theimageofthesunbornatthewinter
solstice,atmidnight,the24 thofDecember,ofwhichthePersianscelebratedthebirth,asmaybe
seenintheancientcalendars,whichfixittothesame day--Natalis Solisinvicti-and
ofwhich
theeffigywasplacedbytheminthefirstdegreesofthesignwhich,byitsascensionatmidnight
onthe24 thofDecember,fixedtheepochofthisbirth. ThiswasasthehoroscopeoftheGod
Light, whocommencedhiscareerwiththeyear,andwhoought,inthespring,underthesignof
theLamb,tomakethedaytriumphoverthenight,andtorepairthemischiefdonetonatureby
thewinter'
ThattheworkcalledtheApocalypseofSt
. John,justreferredto,isof
verygreatantiquity
isclearlyprovedbythefactthatitmakestheyearonly3 6 0 dayslong-thesamelengththatitis
madeinthethirdbookofGenesis,asBaillyhasprovedandDr. Halesadmitted . I tassigns
twelvehundredandsixtydaystothreeyearsandahalf . 2 Thepiousgetoverthesemattersby
saying,thatthiswasthepropheticyear
. I tisimpossibletohelpsmilingatthecredulityofthese
goodpeople
. Noreasoncanbetooabsurdtobereceivedbythem .
Mosheim 3 says,they
ALL (i. e. ALL thefathersofthesecondcentury)attributedadouble
sensetothewordsofScripture,theoneobviousandliteral,theotherhiddenandmysterious,
whichlayconcealed,asitwere,undertheveiloftheoutwardletter
. Theformertheytreated
withtheutmostneglect.
"
GodalsobathmadeusableministersoftheNewTestament ; notoftheletter,butofthe

spirit :
fortheletterkilleth,butthespiritgivethlife . " 4
ThelearnedBurnetsays,inhisArcbmologia,p
. 279, " Duplexeratapudveteres,maxime
"
orientalis,theologianetphilosophiamtradendimodus
87)1u. co8-qs, xat a7ropP11Tos : atqueduplici

hocstylo,inrebusnaturalibusexplicandis,utimihivideturScripturasacra : quandoquead
" occultioremveritatem
. "ClemensAlexandrinusandOrigen,themostlearnedoftheChristian
fathers,aremuchcensuredbythefashionablesamongthemodernsforattributingamysticalsense
totheScriptures ;
butitaccidentallydropsfromEusebius,thathe,probablyinsecret,heldthe
sameopinion : heobserves,
xaraTtvaga7ropAtes Toyous Mwfrecos,
secundumarcanoscensus
Mosis . 5
Origen,againstCelsus,distinctlyadmits, thatthereareArcanaimperiiintheChristianreli-
gion,whicharenotfittobeentrustedtothevulgar
. Heexcusesitbysaying,thatthereare
thesameinphilosophy
. NowI maintain,thatthisisevidenceofthefactwhichcannotbe
impeached
;
forheadmitsitwithobviousunwillingness
. AndI havearighttoask,whatwere
thesearcana?
I twillnotbesufficienttosay,thattheywereonlycertainarcanaconcealedfrom
catechumens :
beforeI conclude,I shallchewthatthesewerebutaverysmallpartofwhatcon-
stitutedthemysteriesofChristianity
. WhateverfancifulmeaningsOrigenmightapplytothe
sacredbooks,itisverycertainhewouldnotpublishinwritingswhatbeconfessedtobethe
arcana
. Topublishthesewouldbetoconfesshisowninfamy
; therefore,whateverhemight
pretend,hisallegorieswerenottheesotericdoctrines
. I thinkI amjustifiedinsayingthat,at
least,partofthesearcanawerethedoctrinesconnectedwiththemilleniumandtherenewalofthe
cycles,andthesecretscontainedinthefavouriteSibyls . GoodGod
! ifalltheauthoritieswhich
I haveproduced,notonlyoflearned
moderns butoflearned ancients,
thechiefpersonsofthe
religions,joinedtotheclearwordsofJesusintheGospels,willnotprovethat
a mystery
was
concealed,whatcanbeexpectedtodoit
? Andburely,ifthereweresuchmystery,I havea
' Dupuis,
sur tourlesCultes,Vol
. I I I . p. 251,ed . 4 to.
s
VideRev . xi. 2,3 ,xii
. 6 ,14 ,xiii . 5 ; andCalmet,invoce
Y ear

' Vol. I . p. 186 ,

apR. Taylor,Dieg . p. 52.
1
2Cor
. iii . 6 ,ap
. Taylor,ib.

a
Prep
. Evang . Lib . xii . Cap. xi.

6
Cap. viii .
578
BishopHorsley
righttoendeavourtofinditout
:
andI amcertainthatingreatpart,atleast,I havefoundit
out.
20
. BishopHorsleyhassomeobservationsupontheSibyllineoracles,whicharedeservingof
notice.
Heobserves,thatno
quotations aretobefoundfromthesebooksinanyoftheHeathen
authors,becausetoquotethemwasacapitaloffence
. Thisseemsasatisfactoryreasonwhythe
acrosticwasalludedtobyCicero,andnoquotationofitmade
. Butitisnoreasontosuchof
theChristiansassoughtthehonourofmartyrdom
.
Onthissubject,itissaidinanoteoftheBishop'sbook,
LQ I t
isremarkable,however,that
"
CelsuschargedtheChristiansofhistimewithinterpolatingtheSibyllinebooks
. Origen
~~challengeshimtosupporttheaccusationbyspecificinstancesofthefraud,andinsinuatesthat
'~themostancientcopiesofthosebookshadthepassageswhichCelsusesteemedinsertionsofthe
'~Christians . " 1
ThereseemstobesomethingverycuriousrespectingapretendeddebatebetweenCelsus
. and
Origen,inwhichI thinkwe
may
findalittleuncommonlywell-managedpriestcraftinLardnerand
hiscoadjutors
. Thereaderwillpleasetoobserve,thatitwastheobjectofLardnerto
rundown
theoracles,asitwastheobjectofOrigentosupportthem
;
andthereforehereallywishedto
provethisfamousChristianApologistinthewrong
; and,insodoing,totakethemeritofcan-
dourindecidingagainsttheChristian
in
favourofthePagan-hopingthathissecretreasonwould
notbeperceived
. Hethereforesays,thatOrigen'sanswertoCelsusisnotsatisfactory
. Now
howstandsthequestion ?
Celsussays,theoraclesareinterpolated,Origenrepliesthatthepas-
sagesindisputeareinallthecopies,andthatCelsusoughttohaveproducedcopiesinwhichthe
allegedinterpolationsarenotfound
. Now,I saythisisafairandsatisfactoryanswerofOrigen's .
For,thoughCelsuswasdeadwhenOrigenwrote,yettheanswermusthavebeenmeantforthe
followersofCelsus,whocouldhaveansweredOrigenaseasilyasCelsuscouldhavedone,ifhe
hadbeenalive,bysayinginwhatplacesthecopiesnotinterpolatedwere
. Andiftheyhadnot
thepassagescalledinterpolated,theycouldatoncesay,Look,forinstance,tothecopyinthe
temple-whichwasinthecustodyofthefriendsofCelsus
. Origen'sanswerisachallengeto
produceit,oranycopiesnotinterpolated
; andI sayitissatisfactory,accordingtothereceived
lawsofmodernbiblicalcriticism
. Origencouldnotbeexpectedtoproducecopies,whichhesaid,
andhisargumentrequiredhimtosay,didnotexist
;
thatis,copieswantingthepassages .
LardnerallowsOrigentofailintheargument,(knowingthathedidnotfailaccordingtothelaws
ofbiblicalcriticism,)toservehisownpurpose,whichwasnotanhonestone
. Heusedanecono-
micalargument
.
I nthetimeofOrigenthemanuscriptoftheoraclesmusthavebeeninthetempleunderthe
statueoftheGod,andinthekeepingofthePaganhigh-priest,whereitwastotallyimpossiblefor
theChristianstogetaccesstoit
. Andyetitseems,accordingtoJustin,thatthismanuscript
containedeverythingwhichhadbeendonebyJesusChrist
. I fweadmitthatthepresentcopy
isallcorrupt,yetwemustallowthattherealSibylcontainedthesameinsubstanceastheone
wehave,atleastifwecanbelieveJustin .
TheBishophasobserved,thatitistotheCumcanSibylthatVirgilrefersfortheprediction,
thatagreatpersonwouldappear
. Nowthisistrue,anditisveryremarkable,thatthisshewsa
duplicationoftheprophecy,becauseitistheErythrseanSibylinwhichwehavetheacrostic
.
Thisproves-thatwehavethemonlyinamutilatedstate,aswellasacorruptedone,asisevident
enough :
butthiscannotapplytothepassagesrelating,asJustinsays,toJesusChrist,because
theymusthavebeeninthecopyinthetemplewhichwasnotdestroyedtillafterJustin'stime
.
'
ContraCelsum,pp. 3 6 8,3 6 9,E .
BookX. ChapterI
. Section20

579
TheBishoprepeatedlyobserves,thatthestyleoftheprophecyis
exactlythatoftheJewish
prophets . I ThisjustifiesmeinwhatI havesaidaboutI saiah . Hesays, "Thesumofthe
"
characteristhesameinboth : initsnatureunequivocal,andsuchaseveninthegeneraloutline
` c
couldnotpossiblybelongtodifferentpersonsinthesameage. " Beforethis,inp . 17,hehas
shewnfromdates,thatthisuseoftheprophecybyVirgil,inforetellingachild tobeborn,(how
likeI saiah's ! ) cannotbyanypossibilityhave beenmeantatthattimefor JuliusCcesarorforany
childof Pollio's. I tskewsthatitwasofthesamenatureastheprophecyofI saiah
.
Butifwe
recollectthatwehavefoundalltheGentileritesandceremonies,andmanyoftheirmostrecon-
ditedoctrines,withtheJews,itisnotverysurprisingthatwhatmay
becalledtheirmythologic
propheciesshouldbefoundwiththemalso. Whenthe I nterpretationoviSceculi, Virgil'sfourth
Eclogue,waswritten(U . C. 714 ), Nimrodhasobserved,thatOctavius hadnotlaidopen
claimstothesupremepower,butI thinkhisfamilyalwaysaffectedit
. Nimrodsays 3 hebelieves,
" thattheconductofOctaviusflowedfromthesamesuperstition,asthepoemwhichVirgilwrote
" thesameyear. "ThisI thinktobecorrect,andthathewasbelievedtobethepresidingGenius
ofthe ninth age,asJuvenalproperlymarkedit
. TheexpectationofthenewI liums,new
Argonauts,&c . ,evidentlyshewsaknowledgeofthesystem
. I tismuchthefashiontoabuseVirgil
forbasenessandservility,andhemayhavebeenbothbaseandservile, butI thinkitverylikely
thathereallybelievedthatAugustuswasthepromisedperson . I shall,however,discussthis
mattermorebyandby,whenI examinethecharactersofthefirsttwoCaesars
.
TheultimaCumseivenitjamcarminisaetasofVirgil,exactlyagreeswiththedoctrine
ofJuve-
nal,forVirgilannounces,that theend
oftheagesungoforcelebratedbytheLadyofCumahad
arrived
. Hesays,"Thelastage(ortime)oftheCumaeanversehasnowarrived . " TheCumaean
Sibylmighthavesungofthe eighth
age,theErythraeanofthe ninth ; butboth,oftheadventofan
expectedSaviour,-newI liums,newArgonauts,&c
. : and,
intheexpressionofVirgil,ifI rightly
understandit,anequivoqueisincluded .
I tisusuallyconstruedtomean,thattheCumaeanSibyl
sungofthelastorfinishingage :
butitmay,andnodoubtdid,meanalso,thelastendofthecycle
oragecelebratedintheversesofCuma
; butthisdidnotnecessarilymean thelastofallages,
pastandfuture. ButitisnotCiceroonlywhorecognizestheacrostic,forI learnfromFloyer
inhisSibyls, 3 (who,howeverfoolish,isaveryusefulwriterforauthors
referredto,)thatthe
acrosticwasnoticedbyDionysiusofHalicarnassus,wholivedmorethanthirtyyearsbefore
Christ : andbyVarro,wholivedmorethanahundredandtwenty
:
and,whatisveryimportant,
theybothadmitthatthereweredisputesabouttheacrosticsintheirday,-somepersons
main-
tainingthattheywereforgeries, 4 othersthecontrary .
Butthedisputesprovetheexistenceof
theacrostic. Thedisputesarewhatwemightexpect
:
thefollowersofScyllawouldmaintain,
that
he wasthe benignantSaviour ;
thecontraryparty,thattheacrosticwasaforgery
: for,it
maybeobserved,thatthewords I aleeg
Xp'l sos
orXpeisogarenotnecessarily apropername
.
But iftheyconstituteanhonorificsolartitle,theywouldbecircumstancedexactly
asthenameof
Cyruswas-asolartitleadoptedbyaman-andthusitmightbegiventoJesusChrist,orto
any
oneelse.
I nowconcludewhatI havetosayoftheSibyls,butithasnaturallybroughtmeto
theconsi-
derationofCaesar,who,I shallshew,was a ninth
Avatar.
ButbeforeI proceedtotheproof,I
shall,inthenextchapter,discussmanypreparatorymatters- .
Page22.

! Vol . I I I . p. 4 6 4 .

3 P. 4 6 3 .

4
Pref. p. xx.
580
X
. --pc,
Chres
CHAPTERI I
X; -ii ; , Chres-I ndians in
Trace-Colida--Ceres, X,: ii : . -Subject continued-
Herald,Kerux-Chaldeanswherefrom-Gosen-Ervthrra,Diu,Dis-Colida
ofSouthI ndia-I ndiansinTrace-Ritter-MeaningofthewordXpv : cc-
Chersonesus-MythosinAfrica,Marcus-Gaza-iuere-Bacchusc
l
. I nthefirstchapterofBookVI I
. ,ontheI onians,itwasobserved,thatthe city ofAmphipolis,
neartheStrymoninMacedonia,wascalledbythenamesofChryso-polisandOrpheus . NowI
thinkthisChrysopolisisthesameas
Xpesos or
Xprlroc-7ro7ts, andwehaveherethecityofthe
Xpip; or good Genius,
theMessiahCyrus . Weseeherethe
Xpesos or Xprlros convertedinto
the
Xpesos or Xpuroc .
I nPolydoreVirgil 1
isthefollowingpassage : Audemumsineconjugibusdegere,utquidam
Thraces,qui
CTI STJE, idest,creatoresvocantur : etEsseni,tertiumapudJudos
losophorum
genus
. ThefollowingisthetranslationofThomasLangley
. 2
11
Somepeoplelivedsingle,ascer-
"
tainnationscalled CRLsTF;
andEsseniamongtheHebrews,whichdidabhorthecalamitiesand
" troubleinmarriage
. "ThisshewsthattheCtistaeis'anerrorofthepressandoughttobeCristae
andherewehaveprobablytheChristianmonksinThrace,ancestorsofthemonksofmountAthos,
longbeforethetimeofChrist
.
I fweturntoScapulaweshallfindthatxp'+ i
; ,'tcand
Xp-~6 'S
havepreciselythesamesignifica-
tion,andareconvertibleterms
. I nshort,itisevidentthattheyareusedindiscriminatelyforone
another.
I tisnottobesupposedthatintheveryearlytimes,perhaps,beforetheinventionof
letters,whenthenamesofplacesfirsttooktheirrise,thesamestrictnessinthepronunciation,or
. atfirst,aftertheinventionofletters,thesamestrictnessinthewritingofthem,tookplace,aswas
observedbytheGreekswhentheybecame,inregardtotheirlanguage,themostfastidiouspeople
in theworld .
I thasbeenshewnthattheTauintheancientlanguageswasconstantlywrittenby
across
. Forreasonswhichwillappearhereafter,I thinktherootofthe
Xp'ic
hasbeen
TPY ,-XPF.
I tWastheconstantpracticeoftheGreekstosoftentheharshsoundsoftheirlanguage
. Thus
PelasgosbecamePelagos,CasmillosCamillos,NestaNessa,CristosCrissos
; whereastrongcon-
sonantcomesafterthea-,itisoftendropped
.
Ayvw6 Tos
becameignotus,theislandof
X
P715,0 6
Xp
v
ros, thecountryofCrestoniahaditscapital Crisa anditsport Crysos .
I ntheEasternlan-
guages
we findHindo-stan,Chusi-stan,Turque-stan
. I ntheWest,wheretheGreekprevailed,
wehaveMauritania,Aquitania,Bri-tania. Wecanscarcelydoubtthatthe
stan and tan arethe
same. Wehavethetownof Cressa inthe tan or stars of
-
Cres
.
CortonainTuscanywasformerlyCroton, 3 fromCroston,Croton
; Tyrseni,Tyrrheni ; H . etrusci,
Hetrurii
; Create,Crete . TheidentityoftheCretansandtheCressaeansisprovedbytheirtraditions,
-thatthelattercamefrom . Crete. 4 Thesameeffectisfoundinotherlanguages ; forinstance,in
theEnglish,Fasten, -Fasten ; Whitsunday,Wissunday ; Christening,Chrissening . WiththeChal-
deanstheSigmaandTauwereconvertible,asinTurandSur,andinAssyriacalledAturia,as
DionCassiushasobserved . 5 I suspectitwasfromtheindiscriminateuseofthesetwolettersthat
1 TypisJacobiStoer,impensis,NicolaiBassei,M. D. X. C. Cap
. I I I I . p. 21 .

2 PrintedAnno1551,fol . x.
s Ency-BritVolI P-729
.

4
SeePhilologicalMusaeum,No. I . p. 14 3 .
s ApudDrummond,Orig . Vol . I . p. 152.
BookX
. ChapterI I . Section2

581
atlastthesigmatauarose
. TheSwasnotonlyinChaldaicandSyriac,butalsoinGreeksofre-
quentlychangedintotheT,thatLuciancomposedadialogueuponit . 'I ntheLatinlanguage,in
oldmanuscripts,thecandthetareoftenwrittenindiscriminately ; as,forinstance, initiale withac.
Fromthis,I think,cametheFrenchg,whichisreallyinfigurenothingbutthesigmatauofthe
Greeks .
s
ButthoughI havemetwithanassertionthatthesigmaandthesigmatauwereused
indiscriminatelybyearlyGreeks,I ratherbelievethechangewasfrom Xp? jrogto XP-4 6 -0
. q,and
Xpccogto
,Y piaog, conformablytothepracticeofsoftening,similartothatofCasmillostoCamillos,
ofNestostoNessos,&c . Thesigmahassomethingveryparticularaboutit ; itisneitheramute,
liquid,noraspirate ; thereforeithasbeencalled solitarium
.
I tpartakessomethingofthesound
ofthe Theta, and,accordingly,wefindthatitwasfrequentlyemployedbytheLacedaemonians
forthataspirate . ThusAristoph. Lysistr
. 13 0 2,A7ro%%wriov-13 0 3 , Aravav 3
This,I think,
inpartaccountsfortheindiscriminateuseoftheSigmaandtheTau,andtheriseoftheSigma
.
tau .
Col . VanKennedy 4 says,` QAslong,therefore,astheetymologistconfineshisidentificationsof
"
wordstothoseonlywhichagreeinsoundandmeaning,heproceedsonthesurestgrounds . "
NowwhereI cannotproceedonsoundandmeaning,I haveproceededonidentityoflettersand
meaning .
I haveshewnthatthelettersareidentical,orarethoseletterswhich,intheuseofthe
alphabets,haveactually,ineachcase,beenexchanged : asCforG,asCamelforGamel,HforCh,
orHethforHe,&c . ,&c. -thelatterexampleevidentlyacorruption,andtheformer,thethird
letterineachalphabet-identifiedbyitsposition,thethird,anditspowerofnotation,3
.
2
. 1havealreadyprovedthatThracewaspeopledbyacolonyfromNorthI ndia ; and,thatthe
Xprsog orCristnaorholypersonappertainingtothelattercountrywascrucified . Fromthis,I
think,therecanbenodoubtthatonthataccountitwasaccounted
xp'is'~g
initssenseof a prophet
oran
oracular or benignant person . I twasaholyland ; ineverythingasfaraspossibleanimi-
tationofaholylandinI ndia . I nsomemapsitiswrittenGrestonia,andalittletotheNorththe
Greaeiareplaced,andinthePeninsulaofMountAthosisCrosswa,oftenwrittenCryssaea. 5 Jesus
wassometimescalledChrostus,thatis,ChrostorCrost,andthedistrictnoticedabovecalledCros-
sma,wasprobablyCrost-ia
; bothevidentlycorruptions . I nthecountrywherethesacredStry-
monor Palestinus
orloneus,runs,thereisaDoaborMesopotamia,formedbytheStrymon,or
morelargelybytheNessus,andtheHaliacmonorI on! -cora
; itiscalledSintica,andbyPtolemy
Sindus,whichisSinde,acorruptionoftheSindeorcountryofI ndusofAsia
. I thadalsoanother
mostimportantnamewhichI taketobeitsfirstname-CrestonaorCrestonia,
5
thatis,Creston-ia,
whichmeansthecountryofCrestonorthegoodGeniusorCrestus . ByD'Anvilleitwascalled
Grestonia,anditscapitalCryssa. MyreaderwillrecollectwhatI havesaidofCristnahavinghis
namefromtheideaofgoodGenius . ThisCrestoniaisaverysacreddistrict ; initisthetown
calledChrysopolisor,asI havebeforeshewn,Chrystopolis,i . e.
Chrystos-polis
. Thistownwas
alsocalledEionorAdon,andlamboliorEmboli,thesanenameasthetownofEmboli-maonthe
I ndus,andloni-keni,andOrpheus,
7
Or-phi,thevoiceofAur,oroftheoracleofOrusandI ona,
andAmphi-polis,orcityofAmphiorOmphi,ortheO,i,orthevoiceororacleof
OM.
The
districtarounditwascalledEdonor H8wvi8m, thesameastheGardenofEden
; and,asI have
justsaid,thecountryinwhichitstandsiscalledCrestonia 8 andSintica. I nthisdistrictstands
atowncalledHeracleaSintica. 9 ThereisalsoadjoiningtothecountryofCrestonia,aBothwa,
1 Hagar,Diss . Bab . Brick. p. 4 9 .

s
Astle,p. 81 .

' Dunbar,Gr
. andLat . Lang . p
. 22.
' OriginofLang. p. 23 9 .

+ Smith'sClassicalAtlas .

6 Rennell,D'Anville.
7
Bryant,Anal. VI I . p. 129 .

9 Rennell .

9 D'Anville.
582

I ndiansinThrace
thatisBuddhaea
. I havebeforenoticedthatallthemonumentalinscriptionsfoundbySponin
thisdistrict,calledLarissaPelasgica,had,atthetopofthem,themysticword
Xpr
1
cos,
andatthe
bottomtheequallymysticwordHpwg
. ThiswaspreciselysimilartothepracticeoftheRomans
inplacingthelettersD
. M. attheheadoftheirsepulchralmonuments . Thiswasevidentlya
countrysacredtotheGodofDelphi,the I e
or I i orJahoftheHebrews,whichisthenamewe
findusedfortheGodoftheHindoos,eitherbyitself,orcompoundedwithsomeotherword .
ThewholecountryofCrestoniamaybecorrectlycalledaDoaborMesopotamia,asI havejust
said,formedontheWestbytheAxiusorOxus,ormorelargelybytheHaliacmon,nowI oni-
cora,andontheEastbythe Nessus,
onwhichstandsthecityofNyssus,andNico-polis,which
shewtherealnameoftheriver
. Theserivers,noticedbymeinBookI X. Ch. V . Sect. 8,flowfrom
achainofmountainscalledBactrianaorBalk
1 orBalkan,andthroughthemisapasscalled
Chumla,theverynamesofthemountains,andapassthroughthem,ontheNorthofI ndia,lead-
ingtothecountrywheretheabove-namedplacesarefound . I nthisMesopotamiaofGreeceare
Mounts PAN-gcvus andBAL-beusand TRI -CALA,
allI ndiannames . I nMountBal-beuswasthe
townbeforenoticedcalledHeracleaSintica
2 (i . e. theI ndianHeraclea) . Thepromontoryon
whichByzantiumstoodwascalledCryso-ceras ;
andthepresentScutari,oppositetoit,was
calledChryso-polis
. ThecircumstanccoftheChryso-polisbeinginthedistrictofCrestonia,
proveswhatI havebeforesaidtobetrue,thatChrysopolisoughttobeChrestopolis,andtheletters
iandyoughttobetherl ; and,thattheywerenotsacredtoGoldorcalledfromGold,butthat
theyweresacredtothegoodGenius,orcalledfromthegoodGenius,andthat,therefore,origi-
nallythenamewasChrestopolis . I twas,probably,inreferencetothissuperstitionthatConstan-
tineselectedthisplaceforhiscity .
Thetabletonwhichistheinscriptionwiththe Xpjcos and
HPOF,
wasfoundbyDr. Clarke
inaplacewhereI shouldexpecttofindit ; atDelphi,inthetempleoftheGodcalledI E . 3 Under
Parnassus,inaGymnasium,whereamonasterycalledPana-ja(anamesufficientlyOriental-
HindooI shouldthink)nowstands ; adjoiningtotheCastalianfountainwhichflowedbytheruins
of CRI SSA, probablythetowncalledCrestona,intotheCrissaeanBay,i . e. CrestaandCrestieebay .
Dr. ClarkehasobservedwhatI shouldhaveexpectedtofind,thatthefoundationsoftheruinsat
DelphiareCyclopaean . Thespellingofthe xpnsog ontheTablet,andofthedistrictCres-tonia,
clearlyprovethatthewordCrissaeanandCristaarethesame
.
I nDr. Clarke'smap,Delphi,oraplaceclosetoit,iscalledCrissa
; andanancientscholiast
uponPindaraffirms,thatunderthenameofCrissa,thecityofDelphiwasdesignated
. Thisisa
mostimportantfact,butitisnothingbutwhatothercircumstanceswouldleadustoexpect . 4 I
thinkI mayassumethatthe
Xp),rog
onthetomboftheyouthofLarissawasthenameofApollo
butwehavehispriestcalledChryses,notChrystes . I nGuzeratorSyra-strenetherearea
placecalledluna-stanandadistrictcalledLarice,I nThracetherewereatowncalledI ona,and
aplacecalledLarissa,namesevidentlythesame
. I ntheI ndianLaricethePalliwerelocated,and
thereisatowncalledPalli-stana. NotfarfromthepartofThraceabove-namedweresituatedthe
'
I tcannotbesaidthattheTurkshavegiventhenameofBalkandChumlatotheplacesinMountHeemus,in
remembranceoftheplaceswhichtheyleftintheirowncountry,becausetheyneverpossessedtheEasternplacesofthis
name. TheirresidencewasbeyondthemountainstotheNorth
.
sHeraclea,inLat. 3 9k,Long
. 4 94 ,theTurksnowcall
Erehil. (SeeD'Anville. ) AnothertowninLong . 4 4 1,Lat.
about4 0 t,iscalledHeraclitza. HeracleaSinticaisnowSerae,orqu . Tricala?
3 WemustnotforgetthatallorthodoxpersonsmaintainthatJesusChristwastheJehovahincarnated ; thatis,the
I Eincarnated,whomtheycallJah .
4 TravelsinGreece,Ch. vi. p. 183 ,4 to.
BookX. ChapterI I . Section2

583
PalliorPallestini
; andtheStrymonwascalledPallestinos,andnearitwasLarissa
. I nGuzerat
isamount,aplacecalledSatrun-ja .
Here,asI havebeforeremarked,istheSaturnoftheLatins
andGreeks
. NotfarfromtheStrymonisthepromontoryofMountAthos,whichistheverypic-
tureofGuzerat,andoneachisatownofDiuorDium,andnearthelatteranislandofDiu,and
botharesacredislesordistricts .
AthosistheEgyptianGoddessAthorI
theMother,
andclose
toGuzeratisariver,calledancientlyMais,nowMyie,orMaia,orMaria .
Andwhatmarksthe
similaritymorebetweentheSindeorI ndusofThrace,andtheSindeorI ndusoftheEast,andin-
deedputsidentityoutofdoubt,is,thatHerodotusinformsusthat,inhistime,liketheI ndian
wivesnow,theThracianwivesweresacrificedonthedeathoftheirhusbands,andthatitwasa
pointofcontestamongthewiveswhichshouldhavetheprivilege
. ThisI thinkcompletesthe
picture
. TheThraciansofrankweregenerallyburntaftertheirdeath,andtheirashesputinurns
andburiedintumuli
. ThispracticeisnoticedbySolinus
2 andHerodotus . 3 Stobaeus, 4 who
citesHerodotus,says,thatthecaseoftheThracianwomenwasexactlyparallelwiththatofthe
wivesinI ndia,fortheywereburntwiththeirhusbands
. Thereisalsoapassageof
Mela' which
I thinkcanmeannothingelse ; butthewords
fatumjacentis, usedbyhim,areofdoubtfulimport . '
TheI ndianpractice,I believe,wasknowntoDiodorus,Cicero,Propertius,Strabo,andPlutarch
. 7
TheJupiterPatrbosatLarissa,(Z eus Harpwog
ofPausanias,)wasrepresentedwiththreeeyes
thisisevidentlyI ndian .
I ntheArabiclanguageoftheKoran
JesusChristis calledI scha. Fromthishascomethe
wordLariceorLarissa.
ThewordLarisinfactLord-awordI shallexplainhereafter
. The
wholenamehasarisenfromthe regimine
styleoftheHebrew,towhichinfactthenamesofal-
mostallcitiesandpropernamesaretobeattributed
. LarissawasthecountryoftheLar-ischa
theLordI scha,ortheSaviourLord,fromtheHebrew
yw'
iso,tosave.
Thusitbecamethe
countrycalledLar-ischa.
Weonlyknowthenamesofmostplacesfromthesacredbooksof
therespectivecountries,andthusweonlyknowtheirsacredormythicnames .
Therewereno
booksbeforethetimeofHerodotus,whichwerenotmerely
mythic, althoughcalled historical.
Andastherewasanuniversalmythos,wefindtheuniversalmythoseverywhereshewingitself
inthenamesofplaces .
I donotrememberoneoftheGodsoftheWesternworld,whohadnot
thetitleof Saviour, asZ eus, Fwr
-~ p.
I nthesamewaywefindmostoftheGodsofI ndiatohave
theword iswara or iswati
attachedtotheirnames ; forinstance,Sara-iswati,Buddhiswara,
s
whichourI ndianscholarstellus,means
LORD, and,whenappliedtothefemaleSarah,amere
titleofhonour,as Lady .
This,asI havepreviouslyremarked,isnothingbuttheHebrewand
GreekwordforSaviour,
ytt1' iso and
'am
tosave,
withalocal,anI ndian,termination.
I thinkthewordsVenusandCupidwereoftenusedforthesameidea,andalsotheI ndianCama,
andthewordI schathewifeofAbraham,andtheArabicnameofJesus
. Thisalmostidentifies
thebenignus
Xpas,
withthesaviourI sis .
I nthesamewayKanyiawasthenameoftheI ndian
Venus,butitwasalsothenameofCristna.
FromapassageinBurckhardt'sTravelsinArabia 9
I thinktheadorationofthemotherandchild,thelattercalled
Aysa, musthaveprevailedinthe
templeofMeccabeforethetimeofMohamed
.
TheancientnameofthetemplewasBeitullah,
houseofGod. 10
SolisetLunaenominainsacraliteraliBrahminicalinguaotnniasuntgeneris
masculini.
Bartholomeus"says,ChandreseuSoma,LunaBrahmanibusmasculinigeneris
.
12
Drummond,
PunicI nscrip.

s
Cap. xv .

3 Lib. v . p. 183 , ed . Steph.

' Capx cxxp. 521 .

s
Lib . ii . Cap. ii .
e
Fromtheveryvaluablecollection
of mostlearnedmanuscripttreatisesofthelateMr
. Moyle,nowintheposses-
sionof SirJ . Copley, of
Spotsborougb,Bart,hisdescendant,towhichI havebeforereferred
.
7 I quotethesenamesfrommemory
.

8
Tod,
p
. 519 .

9 P. 16 4 , 4 to.

10 I b. p. 16 5 .
11 Syst. Brach. p. 2.

12 I b .
P.
7.
584
Coladi
NeanthesCyzicenuswritingconcerningtheMacedonianpriestssays,theyinvoke
Be8v
tobe
propitioustotheirchildren . I This
Beauis
Buddha
.
I havejustnownoticedatowncalledHeraclea : thisleadsmetorepeatanobservationonthe
termination,bytheword cula. We have Jani-cula
orthe cula ofJanus ; wehaveHeraculas
withoutendintheWest ; andwehavetheHera-culasonthecoastofMalabar,inI ndia,where
wehavealsoI gni-culas,andTri-calasorTri-culas . I haveinanotherplacederivedtheword
Herculesfrom Heri thesaviourandclo-theChaldee y57 clo : 3 k
final_ 50 0 ,
5 1-3 0 ,
yo=70 -
6 0 0 . ThenMountJaniculawouldbe,themountofthecyclesacredtoJanus
; I gniorAgni-cula,
thecycleoftheSaviouroroftheLamb,(asI haveshewnwasthemeaningoftheSanscritword
AgniintheY ajnasacrifice,)orofFire,orthesacredSol,invictus,theSaviour :
andTri-clo,or
thecyclesacredtotheTrimurtiorTrinity . I fthisisaccusedofbeingverymystical,I reply,I t
isnotmoremysticalthantheincreaseanddecreaseofJesusandJohnattheequinoxesandsol-
stices ; orthanthebaptismbyfireandtheHolyGhost-allpartsofthesamemythos .
3 . Mr. BryantshewsthattheGymnosophistae thiopumarementionedbyHieronymus, 2 and
thattheyextendedfromtheI NDUStothe GANGES underthenameofEthiopiansand ERY TH-
RI EANS. Headds,theyresided,accordingtoArrian,belowCarmania,inthemouthofthegreat
river,neartheislandCrocale. 3
Again, 4 hesays, " Arrian,Hist. I ndic . p. 3 3 6 ,Orastenentab I NDO ad GANGEMPalibothri
" a GangeadCOLI DA(orColchida)atrm-gentes,etquodammodoAthiopes . Pomp. Mela. Lib.

iii . Cap. vii . TheyworshipedZ eusOmbrios . Strabo,Lib . xv. p. 10 4 6 . Hementions THE

PROMONTORY TAMOS, andtheislandChruse. TamuswasthenameofthechiefEgyptian
~~Deity : thesameasThamuzofSyria. "
Thewordsinparenthesis(orColchida)areMr. Bryant's .
HerewehavetheBuddhistsorGymnosophists,inthe tenentoras,theyholdthecoast, andfromthe
I ndustotheGanges . ThisclearlypointsouttheGuzeratofSyrastrene,orPalli-tana . Herewe
havealsotheislandCro-GALEandtheisland CHRUSE . Theterminationofthefirstisalmostthe
sameastheAgni-cula,andHeri-cula,whomwefoundonthecoastofMalabar,andtheJani-cula
ofRome,ofthemountwhichhadthenomenJanicula . inSaturn-ia,nearPalli-tana,bothinI taly
andinI ndia ; and,inthe Z eus OM-triosofI ndia,wehavetheOM-briofI taly .
Pliny 5
says,withoutthemouthoftheriverI ndustwootherislandstherebecalledChryseand
Agyrm. ThesepeoplehavethesamenameastheGreaeiinMountAthosnamedinSmith'sClassi-
calAtlas .
6
Againhesays,thatthereisacountryoftheCryseans,whomheplacesontheEastof
theupperpartoftheI ndus . TheCryseansherementioned,arepositivelynothingbutCrestiansor
Christians
. ThecountryontheNorth-eastoftheSinusThermaicusiscalledCrossaeaandChal-
cidiae,andthepoint,thepeninsula,iscalledPallene,priusPhlegra
. I thinkwehave,atlast,
foundthefamousSt
. ThomasofthePortugueseinthepromontoryTamus-iandwhenI consider
' Georgius, Alp . Tib . p. 127 .

2 L ib . iv . in Ezekiel,Cap. xiii .
3 ButtheGymnosophistae)EthiopumwerealsofoundintheI sle
of Meroe(MariaorMeru,orperhapstheMere
of theEthiopians)aboveEgypt.
4 Vol . I I I . p. 211 .
Healsosays,thatRomehadasecretname,andthatwhereRomenowstandethwasformerlyacitycalledSa-
turnia,which is thesameasthecity of Surastrene,calledSatrunja . Romewas,correctlyspeaking,theSaturnian
kingdom,itscapitalbeingplacedonMonsSaturnia,afterwardcalledMonsCapitolina . Niebuhr,
Vol
. I . p. 226 .
When I findthiscity of RomainSaturniainI taly,andtheSaturnia of RamainI ndia,followedbythetwohistories
of
ablackinfantGod,born
of animmaculateconception,crucifiedandraisedfromthedead,andbothbearingthesame
name-Crist-itisimpossiblenottobelieveintheidentity of themythoses .
6 Chap. xxi
.
BookX. ChapterI I . Section3

585
manyothervery extraordinarycircumstances whichhavebeendetailedinthiswork,andcontem-
platetheignorantmistakesoftheGreeks,I ,amcompelledtosuspectthattheCro-caleandthe
Chrusearethesame,andneartheislandofDiu,thesameastheDiuofMountAthos
; andthat
theyoughttoberepresentedbytheGreekword
XpjS
orchres-tosaChrys-opolis
. Theword
XprJS hasthesamemeaningasthewordDiv
. AndI thinktheislandofCruseisthesameasthe
DiuofGuzeratandoftheDiuofMountAthosandCrestoniaofThrace
. I knowthatI amtaking
agreatlibertywiththewordsCroandCrus,butI onlystatemyownfeelingthatI have
asus-
picion. Somepersonswillfeelmuchwhereothersfeellittleornothing . I merelystatefacts
andleavethemtothereader. ThewordCruschangedfromXp'js,isbynomeanssogreata
corruptionasmanywhichwehave ; andwhenI reconsiderwhathasbeensaidrespectingthe
promontoryofTaurus,theblackCristnainI ndia,theblackCristorCrestatLoretto,&c . ,&c. ,in
I taly,I cannothelpconcludingthatthe
Xp''Sos
ofGreecemayincreasethenumberofMr
. Van
Kennedy'sSanscritwordsinGreekfrom3 0 0 to3 0 1 . I nSiam,wherewehavefoundamount
SiananditscapitalcalledJudia,PtolemygivesusalsoarivercalledFluv-Cresoana,thatis,the
riverCreston
. I nsomemapsitiscalledonlySoan .
ThenameoftheHindooGodCristnaisspeltinvariousways,sothatit is notinmypowerto
discoverwhichisthemostproper ; butVallancey,inI reland,andSirW . Jones,havespeltit
Creeshna,whichMr. Mauricesaysitoughttobe. Thishasastrongtendencytoidentifyitwith
the
Xpils
oftheWest ; indeed,itdoesidentifyit
. I hopeafterMr
. Volneyhasbeenabusedin
verygrosslanguagebyMr
. Maurice,fornotcallinghimCreeshna,I shallnotbeturneduponand
abusedforcallinghimwhatthesegentlemensayishistruename.
MyreaderwillprobablyhaveanticipatedanobservationwhichI amgoingtomakeonthe
above ;
butwhethertoattributeittopremeditationornot,I donotknow
: wehaveinI ndiaa
Chris or goodgenius
whoisamancrucified,andwehaveinEuropeamancrucifiedwhoisthe
Xp
n
s
or goodgenius. But,respectingthecrucifiedsaviours,morehereafter.
ThelearnedGerman,Ritter,hasobserved,thatDodonaisoftenwrittenBodona,fromwhichhe
makesBuddha. Herodotussays,thatDodonawas
ApXatorarovrcuvev` E7
. arla-sXpgST)pia .
I believetheword
XprJSrlpiwV
canmeannothingbut
holyplaces orplacesofthe
Xpr/ Sos,
andthis
connectstheBuddhaandthe
Xp'ls .
BodonaorDodonaissaidbyRittertobeplacedinthe
countryofCestrina
. ThismustbeacorruptionofCrest-ina
. I tisachangenotgreaterthan
CrestonatoCortona
. ~ . . P wascalled Xp7)s n
ptov,'
andwasthemonogrambothofChristand
JupiterAmmon
. ThuswefindthesameXQnSosinEgypt,Greece,andI ndia
.
ThenameofSindorI ndiawasgiventothePromontory, absurdly
calledpeninsula,ofI ndia,by
theGreeks,becauseitwasthenameofallthepartwithwhichtheywereoriginallyacquainted
;
butitsSanscritnamewasBharata. 2 ThisistheHebrew
rin
Brit w ia, andmeans pure
or holy
country or land. I tisderivedfromtheHebrew
N1
bra,creator. ThusthecountrywhichAbra-
hamleftwascalledbyhisancestorstheHolyLand,andthushissuccessors,inlikemanner,gave
thesamenametotheirnewresidence-the
Holy Land,
whichwecallittothisday . Warsof
Mahabaratmeanthe warsofthegreatCreator,in theHebrewthe warsoftheLord.
x -ja bra.
Baratisthepropername ; Mahameans magnus,great.
AuthorshavefoundgreatdifficultyinanexpressionofHerodotus's . Speakingofapeopleof
I taly,hesays, 1' TheCrestoniates(whichsomewouldreadCortoniates)andthePlacians,the
G remnantsofthatnation,althoughtheyspeakoneandthesamelanguage,arenotintelligibleto
' ApudBasnage,B. iii. Ch. xxiii . , ScaligerinEuseb . Chron .

s
Rennell,Mein . I ntrod . p. xx .
586

Ceres, Xpr~
1 thosewholivearoundthem
. "
1 NiebuhrthinksCrestonmeantCortona. 2
Thisisprobably
correct,andservestoaccountfortheI ndiantemplesatPaestum,withtheunknownLingaand
Y onifoundtherebyLieut
. -Col. Tod,aswellasfortheirJanus,Saturniaregna,&c . ,&c
. All
thistendstoprovethatthesamepeoplewhocametoI taly,alsocametoThrace.
WhenthestrikingsimilarityofthedoctrinesofPythagorastothoseoftheChristiansisconsi-
dered,itwillnotbethoughtsurprisingthattheplaceinI talywherehefoundedhisschool
wascalledCrotona,which,asappearsabove,somewouldread
xp-qcova.
I nthesouthpointof
I taly,thetownwhichinourmapiscalledCortonaiscalledCrotona
.
I ntheirinvocationstheHindooschauntforththecryRhadaKrishn ! RhadaKrishn !
andCol .
Broughtonsays,thishasamuchmoreholymeaningthanthenameKunya (i . e. Col. Tod's
Kanya).
I feellittledoubtthattheRhadaistheLatinRadiusandKrishntheGreek,Y Q-1s,
benignant,
andHebrew
win
hrs the solarfire. Kun-yaorKunieyaistheApolloCunnius,the
I EonthetempleofDelphi
; theword Cun havingthesamemeaningasRhadha
3 -jointlyan
androgynousDeity . Col
. Broughtonsays,KanisoneofthenumerousappellationsofKrishna
.
Again,Kunue,ee,orKunya 1
thebeloved . " HereismostclearlytheChaldeeemphaticarticle
. 4
Vallancey 5
hasprovedthattheI ndian Eeswaris theI rish Aosfhear, pronounced
Eesvear and
theEtruscanEsar :
andthat 11 theBramanickKreeshna,anincarnationoftheDeity,isthe
11
I rishCrisean,holy,pure ; "
whenceCrisean apriest.
HereI thinkwehavetheoriginof
Caesar,andHesusofGaul
; andwhenI reflectonwhathasbeenshewnrespectingtheCrysos
byMr
. Bryant,and'theindiscriminateuseofthe(rands -
byearlyGreeksnoticedbefore,I
cannothelpfeelingthathereisastrongconfirmationoftheidentityoftheKrishnaofI ndiaandthe
Xpr)sos ofDelphi.
WemustnotforgetthattheblackApolloofDelphiwascalledbytheHebrewwordI Eand
alsobythenameCunnius
; thatwe,inaneighbouringcountry,foundthepeoplesacrificingtheir
wives ; thatthesepeoplewerecalledSindi ; thatthisblackApolloiscalledonthetombofthe
Y outhofLarissa
XpI soc, andthatwefoundaChrysinY oudiaofI ndia.
Allthesematterscon-
sidered,I cometothebeliefthatwhentheBrahminsperfectedtheirSanscrit,onthefoundation
oftheoldlanguageofthecountry,theyappliedtothewordKristhemeaning
black or darkblue ;
butthatitsoriginalmeaning
was
benignus,2nitis. I ntheHebrew,theword
mo
firs
ortr firs
hasthesamemeaningasDe? Pus,whichagainbringsustototheCun-ie-ya
. Col
. Broughton's
assertion,thatKanyameans
beloved,looks
veryliketheGreek
Hpws,
onthetomboftheY outh
ofLarissa,inoppositiontotheXpigatthetop
. '
4
. I nthe CELSicDRUI DS,
Chap. V . Sect
. XV . ,I haveshewnthattheI rish
Ceara,
thewifeof
Ceares,wastheGoddessofNature,andthesameas
Ceres.
Shehadadaughtercalled
Porsaib-
hean,
pronounced Porsaivean,
the Persephoneof theGreeks,andtheProserpineoftheRomans
.
AccordingtoSchelling,CeresistheHebrew win
hrs or chrs, andKersatheChaldae
auuin
hrsa
or
chrsa, from
win
hrs, aravit,sata
. Themeaningofthisnamewasprmstigiatrix,mago,orfabriea-
trix . 7
TheMajaofI ndiawasthesameastheMaiaoftheGreeks,butshewasthesameas
Persephone,
8 andPersephonewasCeres,andCereswasthemotheroftheGodsandQueenof
'Lib . i. Ch. v .

2 CabinetEnc. Vol . 1. p. 4 2.
3 VideCol
. Broughton'sPop. Poet. ofHind . p. '83
.

4
Pp. 28-3 2.
6
Col . Hib . Vol . I V . Part i. P. 81 .
6
I ntheminutesoftheSocietyofAntiquariansofLondon,fortheyear176 7, is aletterfromaMr . Hollis,at
Benares,inwhichhesays,thatsomeoftheBrahminsstudyChaldaic,inwhich,headds,theirbooksofphysicare
written . Vall . Coll . Vol . I V . Parti . p.
xxiii.
I Lac . Epit. 6 8.

8
SirW. Jones .
Book
X. Chapter
I I . Section 4
587
heaven. Fromthesamesourcecamethe
Xpurwp andChrysaorofSanchoniathon
. Cresor K-6
or tai krs,
wasthebeingtowhomtheastrologerscameonthebirthofChrist,the25thofDe-
cember,tomakethesolarofferingsatthetemple. ofBethlehemorCeres,whereAdonisorAdonai
wasworshiped,asdescribedinBook V. Chap. I I . Sect. 3 . Gen. Vallancey says,Creasean,
Crisean,apriest. I tistheChaldaean Tr,n (larsin),i
. e.
Magus,supposedbytheOrientalists
tobederivedfrom
inn
(hrs) Chrish,siluit,whence rcwln
(hrsa)
Chrisha,incantator,magus,
prwstigiator. Syr
. Chrasa,magus,incantator,magicamartemexercens :
w1r7 (hrs) Chris,apud
magistros,mutus,vulgarissimerespicitur . I Krishen,oneofthethousandnamesofGodinthe
Hindostaneedialect. 2
Creas,Creasna,Cheres,Creeshna,Cur,Cores,andKupogallmeanthe
sun. 3 JupiterwascalledChrysaoreus
. 4 Drummondsays, "win hrs maybesounded choras,
" chros,chrus . This wordsignifiesfaber,artifix,machinator
. "
5
Hespewsthatthiswasthe
ChrysororChrus-aor,ofSanchoniathon . Our choras descendedbytheregiminefromthepraiseof
win hrs, or Xp"s,
calledLordor Kupios, andcametobeourKupie,
ewer/ Toy . ,
"Lord,havemercy
uponus,"whichwas,asCudworthhasproved,apartoftheancientPaganLiturgyorLitany . e
I nthe Lord,havemercyuponus, thecongregation
joinedinchoras.
Volneysays,"TheGreeksusedtoexpressbyXortheSpanishI ota,theaspiratedHaofthe
Orientals,whosaidHaris
:
inHebrew turn
(hrs)heres signifiesthesun,butinArabicthe
radicalwordmeans
toguard,topreserve,
andHaris
a preserver. "' Again,
s
" I fChriscomes
" from Harish by
a
chin,
itwillsignify artificer, anepithetbelongingtothesun . "
a
Oneofthe
namesoftheVulcanofPhoenicia,accordingtoSanchoniathon,wasChrysor : ofthisBochartmakes
` tutw1n hrsaur,
whichherenders I I upireXv; r7js, anartificerbyfire . Herewehave
Xplls
orChres . "
TheChaldnannameofthesunis
w1n
(hrs)
Chris,hincetPersisSoldicitur Kupos,
" testePlutarcho; --hence
wir7rt-1'y(oir-ehrs)
Ghir-heChris,Heliopolis,i . e. CivitasSolis .
" ThisseemstobetheChrysororCearas,or
(11x
aur) ofthePhoenicians . " 10 ThenameofCyrus
isw11D
kurs ; fromthiscomesthexupw
tobe, oftheGreeks,andtheCoreofProserpineorPerse-
phone. I nthebinor
w1n
hrs wehaveassuredlythepersonsCeres,Xp7; 9 ,
Cyrus,andCore,or
Proserpine,otherwisecalledPersephone,whichlatterisonlyPerse-phnn,or(Pvv=6 0 0 ,or 4 P
? )
vv=
6 0 8-thePhennorPhoenixofPersia 11-
thecyclerenewedevery6 0 0 years .
I tisfromtheCeresor
Xpc, thattheChristiansgottheircustomofburningcandlesbefore
theirsaints,andofcarryingthemintheirprocessions . CereswascalledTiedifera.
QuoscumTaediferanunchabetilleDea . "
SeeJurieu
13
formanyotherproofs .
Aswemightexpect,oneofthesonsofthe Y adu ofI ndiawassaidtobe Croshta, orCroshtdeva.
HerewefindtheChristasCrost,andtheCras-devasofArrian : andhereweseethemythosof
' Gittim,Cap . xxv.

2
SeeconclusionofChap
. I X. ; Coll . Hib
. Vol. I V . Parti. p. 4 4 5.
3 Alwood,Let. Ant. ofGreece,p. 14 4 .

4
I b. p
. 16 6 .

aOrig. Vol . I I I . p
. 192.
6 I nt
. Syst. Booki . Chap. iv. p. 4 54 , ed . fol.
'
SeeVolney'sRuins ; LordKingsborough'sAnt. Mex. p
. 4 11 .

sI b .
9
SeeOuseley's Coll. I I I . p. 27.

10 Vall. Coll. Vol . I V . p. 4 92.

11
CabuliscalledZ abulandZ abul-istan,(Rennell,Mem . p
. 112)asCereswaswrittenKeres,andCyrusKyrus,
andCristnaKrishna. I nthesamewayRennell(Mem . p
. 127) hasshewn,inaverysatisfactorymanner,thatPersia
waswrittenParTHiaorParTia,countryofPersorofPert ;
andthattheParthianswerebutPersians
. I nasimilar
wayJen-aubiscalledChunaub . lb. p. $ 8 .
is Ovid . Fast. iii .

1 3 V ol . I I . Treat. ix
. Chap. iii . p. 253 .
588

Subject Continued
the xp4 g,
or
X
prl6 T, orCrest,mostclearlyprovedtohavebeeninexistencelong
anteriorto
theChristianmra
. 1
ChristwascalledCrostbytheEthiopians . I n BookI . Chap
. I V. ,I
haveshewnthattheEthiopianswereacolonyfromI ndia
.
TheTetragrammatonofthePythagoreansI haveshewn,inmy CELTI CDRUI DS, wastheword
flit'ieue :
onthisaccounttheyhadgreatreverencefortheQuadrangle, andsaiditcorresponded
toCeres.
Thereasonofthiswas,becauseinthesecretsciencethesacredfourrepresented
Jehovah,whowastheLogosI ncarnate,the
Xprig .
CereswastheDeityandrogynous,the
Creatorfromwhomabundanceandallblessingsflow .
Theearthiscalledthenursingmotherofallcreatures,theCeres
.
Thiswasbecausetheearth,
likeallotherthings,wasanemanationfromtheCreator-was butalinkinthechainofemana-
tionsproceedingfromthehighesttothelowest,orviceversfi . ThusthemysticismofPlato,
noticed in B. I . Ch. I I
. ,maybereconciled
. Thustheearth,inthesacredmetaphoricallanguage,
wasaCeres
; andallriverswereAdonisesorDons,orSirsor
Surs-rivers ofthe sun.
They
were,infact,Cereses,fortheywerethenursesofthecreatureslivingon
thelandsfertilizedby
them,andwhich,withoutthem,wouldbearidwastes
. I haveastrongsuspicionthateveryplace
had amystical
nameforthepriests',and acommon
nameforthepeople's,use. 2
WhenI considertheidentityofthehistoryofCyruswiththatofCristna,andthemythological
characterofitsdateorbirth,thathewasthesameasAdoniswhosehistorywas
verysimilarto
thatofPerse-phoneorProserpine,whowasalsocalledbythe samenameasCyrus,
Core,in
Hebrew
wi1n
curs,I cannothelpdoubtinghisexistenceasahumanbeing . HewasaMessiah
foretoldbyname,asolarappellation,tosavetheJews ; andhewasmostassuredlythepresiding
Geniusofthe eighth
cycle,beingbornonthefirstyearofit.
I nthemaleandfemale Xprig, M
. Cruezer 3 mighthavefoundtheKirisorKyriswhocameto
ArgosofPeloponnesus,andwhomheskewstohavebeenidentical withAdonaiortheLord,or
AdonisandOsiris,andafterward
4
withProserpine,calledalso
5
Core. AlltheseCreuzershews
tohavebeenidenticalwithaGodcalled on,
6
ortheeternalCreatororDemiurge . 7 I
supposeI neednotpointouttomyreaderhowallmysystemishere
unconsciouslyconfirmed
bythislearnedGerman . Andfurther,hehasshewnthemalltobeidenticalwith
Oannes,
Anandatus,Derceto,thePataresofLycia,andtheHomorOmanus,calledalso
Comoeus ; sand
againwithanAutochtonecalled Cresus, 9 thebuilderofthetempleofEphesus,andhewithSemi-
ramis,andChersiphron ; 10 andagainwithOmphale,daughterofJordanns,(thisskewsariverDon
probablyinLydia,)whohadasoncalledCrcesus
1 '
byHercules,whosename wasHere and clo;
12
Here beingChore, Core, orCere,orCeres
; andagainwithAxiokersa,(anothercorruption
of
Ceres,)whowasthesamewithDe-meter
; butDemeterwasBacchus, theSaviour, aswasalso
Ceres13 ThusBacchuswastheandrogynousSaviour,I HF-and I MisJesus
; andJesusis
I Trans. Asiat. Soc . Vol . I I I . PartI Lpp . 14 3 ,14 4 ,EssaybyTod .
2 Nell'anticaortografiasitralasciavaqualchevocalenelmezzodellaparola,ederaquella quamsyllabanominesuo
exprimit
:
v. qr. B. pronunziaudosi
Be :
invecediLebero(cioeLibero)scrivevanosolamenteLebro,comenell'
am di
Pesaro
. Vittorinoadducequestiesemplo, Bne per bene,Cra
per cera,Krut per carat,Dcimus per decimus
Spessoanchesonpopolariaccorciamenticomepoclumvinclum,ovenonsisupplicel'ausiliare,madiversalettera
.
SaggiodiLinguaEtrusca, Vol 1 . p. 118 .
3 TomeI I . Liv . iv. Ch. iii . p. 4 5.

4
I bid . p. 53 .

s
VideLempriere.

a
Amy, nameofCyrus
.
7
TomeI I . Liv . iv . Ch, in . p. 73

8 ComaeustheaspiratedOmaus .
9 I npp
. 82,114 ,116 .

10 TomeI I
. Liv. iv . Ch. iii . p. 94 .

11
Cruezer,p179
.
12
I bid ; p. 195.

13 I bid. p
. 3 12.
BookX. Chapter11 . Section5

589
theLogosandthe
Xprx,
anincarnationofdivinewisdom,the
Epws
or Hpws, ordivineLove.
Thusweseehow,asAmmoniusSaccastaught,allthevulgarpluralityoftheGentiles,oftheEast
andWest,meltatlastintopreciselythesametrinityoftheI ndians,theJews,andtheChristians
.
I n
theexplanationoftheseidentifications,nodoubt,partlyconsistedtheEleusinianmysteries . '
I ntheaboveI amsupportedbytheScholiastofApolloniusRhodius,whoaffirms,thatAxierus
wasCeres .
2
5. I thinktherecanbenodoubtthatfromacorruptionofthe
will
hrs wehavethe Cyrus, the
MessiahofI saiah,whosehistorywascopiedfromthehistoryofCristna,thoughthelettersinthe
Hebrewdonotexactlysuit ; andI think,also,thatwehaveheretheandrogynousormaleCeresof
theGreeks,towhosetempleatBethlehemtheMagicameatthetimeofthebirthofthenewincar-
nationofdivinelove. Parkhurstsays,
trig
hrs, the solarfire. Healsosays, "win
hrs,
Machinator.
FromthisroottheGreekshadthenameoftheirGod
Epos
or
Epws,
bywhichitisevidentthey
meantthemateriallight,consideredaspossessedoftheplasticorformativepower
. "Surely
allthesequotations,frommennothavingtheslightestideaofmytheory,placesitstruthbeyond
adoubt.
I tisimpossibletodipintotheinexhaustibletreasuryofCreuzer,withoutseeingmytheorycon-
firmed . Couldwebutmakeoutthewhole,nodoubtabeautifulsystemwouldshewitselfinevery
part. ProbablymanyChristians,fromtheindulgenceoftheirprejudicesand,I fear,fromthebigotry
andhatredinstilledintotheirmindsinyouthbytheirpriests,(who,asusual,willfearthatsome
changeofopinionmayaffecttheiremoluments,)willbemuchshockedtofindtheirreligiontobe,
atlast,nothingbutthatwhichtheyhavebeenaccustomedtodesignatewitheveryopprobrious
epithet.
ButwhyshouldtheyobjecttothereligionoftheGentilesbeing,
whenuncorrupted,
the
sameastheirs ?
Aretheynotalwaysatworkendeavouringtomakeproselytes
? ThenI hope
theywillnotbeangrywithmeforatoncebringing
all thereligionsofantiquity, strippedof their
corruptions,
intotheirpale
. I am,infact,thegreatestproselytistintheworld . I proselytethose
thathavelived,thosethatlive,andthosethatwilllive
.
WehaveseenthattheThracianswereJews,I oudi,andOrpheans,andI ndians
; thattheir
wivessacrificedthemselvesonthedeathoftheirhusbands
. Orpheuscharmedthebeastswithhis
music,andthetreesofPieriacamedowntolistentohim
. Hewasaccompaniedbythenine
Muses
. KanyaofI ndiaorCristna,orCrishna,orCreeshna,or
Xprlcva, charmedthebeastswith
his music,asOrpheushaddone
. HewasaccompaniedbynineGopys,eachcalledRadha . 3 All
thesamethingsaretoldofApollointheneighbouringTempleofDelphiorKanya,orofthe
GrecianApolloCunnius-Kan-ia
. ThelastsyllableistheI EontheDelphictemple, rv
ie orJah
oftheJews,theJahoftheSanscrit,andofApolloorA-pol,or
n e 5ys
e-bol-the GodBolorBal
orPal,ofwhomtheshepherdkingsofI ndia,thatis,theshepherdsofRajah-starorRoyal
shepherds,Pallestini,werefollowers
. Apollohadhisninemuses ;
hewastheGodofMusic,
likeKanya,andheperformedontheLyreasOrpheusdid,andasKanyadidonthesameinstru-
ment,calledVina. 4
Amongtheancientsnothingwasguardedwithgreatercarethantheirmysteries
; andnothing
ismoredifficulttoaccountfor,thantheapparentignoranceofmanyofthegreatmenwhomust
havebeeninitiated-suchasCicero
. I ftheyunderstoodthemysterieswhydidtheypretend
ignorance,andalsopretendatthesametimetogiveanaccount,thoughnotanexplanation,of
them? Wasthemeaningofthemlostinthetemples,theformsonlyremaining? I muchsuspect
1
Creuzer, Liv. v . Ch. iii . p. 3 15 .

2
Nimrod, Vol. I I I . p. 258 .
3 VideTod'sHist. Raj . andplate-Crishnaontheflute.

4
Seeafigureofanancientviolin
in Moutfaucon.
590
Herald,Kerux
thelatter. Variousmoderns,suchasWarburton,Gebelen,&c
. ,haveundertakentoexplainthem,
buttheyhaveallfailed
. Theobviousreasonofthisis,thatthemysteriesbeingonlyapartofa
system,thesegentlemenhaveallfailedinproposinganythinglikeasatisfactoryexplanation . I
thinkthemysterieswerelikemasonry ;
indeed,weshallsoonseeitishighlyprobablethatthe
Masonswereabranchoftheinitiated-Masonryabranchoftheart. The Konxompancha ofthe
I ndians,andtheburningofwidows,foundinsoremarkableamanneratEleusis,whichwas,in
fact,intheSintica,atonceidentifythewesternwiththeeasterndevotees . Eusebius,likeevery
otherauthor,atthesametimethatheconfesseshisignorance,tellsus,thattherewerefourminis-
tersintheceremonies
. Thefirst,
whosenamemustnotbegiven,
representedtheDemiourgos ;
(wasthis
Xp
,~
c ; ) thesecondtheSun,thethirdtheMoon,andthefourthMercury. I thinkitis
notdifficult,fromthisincongruousnonsense,toperceivetheFirstCause,andtheTrimurti . This
iswhatwemightnaturallyexpectwherewehavefoundthe
Konxompax .
Thiswasallcele-
bratedatthetempleofCeres,atEleusis,i . e.
theBit-lehemorhouseofCeres,orCyrus,or
Xprj sva,
whichwassituatenotfarfromDelphi,orae74 ug,orthetownof Xprcra.
Among
theirofficersonewascalledKyu~orCeryx,orHerald,andoneofthemaking . Theformer
carriedtheCaduceus
; andtheritesoftheinfantSaviour1Esculapius,tobetreatedofinthe
nextbook,weretherecelebrated
. I havenodoubtthatwehaveheretheoriginofourHerald's
office,introducedintotheWestaboutthetimeoftheCrusades,andofcoursesupposedbyour
learnedmen,becausetheycantraceitnofurtherback,tohavethenfirstarisenintheworld
.
ButGebelen 1
hasshewnthatitexistedmanycenturiesbefore
.
6
. Theword
KjpuZ
orCeryx,theHerald,wasderivedfromtheHebrewword rv'1p qrs, andmeant
thecrossorthecaduceusofMercuryorofBuddha
. TheHeraldorCeryx,Littletontranslates
Caduceator,andfromitLardnerderivesthewordcrux
. I tisverycurioustoobservehowevery
thingconnectedwithacrosscomesatlast,whensoughttothebottom,tobeconnectedwith
Hermes,Mercury,orBuddha-theTaranisoftheDruidoak
. Thecaduceuswaseitheracrucifix
oracross
. I verymuchsuspectthatourcoatsofarms,andparticularlyourcrests,camefrom
theCrestianorCrgtianmythos
. Theancientshadtheircrests
. 2
Thefigurecarriedonthe
shieldorbannerwastheemblemofthe
Xp%
orgooddaemon ; thereforeeverypeoplewhoadored
theXp'7Sorgooddaemonwouldhaveacrest
. Fromthefirstword
emblem, orwhateverword
stoodintheplaceofemblem,beinginregimine,itcametohavethenameofcrest. Thisstyleof
thefirstlanguageaccountsforinnumerablenames,andinparticularforthepriestshavingthe
namesoftheirGods :
forifitweresaid,thepriestofApollo,itwouldbeexactlythesameasto
say,priestApollo.
TheDruidsofI relandcarriedintheirhandstheCruxansata,calledakey,orintheirlanguage
kire or tire. '
ThiswemustrecollectwascarriedbytheGodsorpriestsofEgypt,andisalso
foundinaveryremarkablemannerinthehandsofmanyofthebeardedDruidical-lookingfigures,
givenbyMr
. Hammer,eitherasfiguresoftheTemplars,orasemblematicalfiguresusedbythem .
I cannothelpsuspectingthatthis
cire
wascloselyconnectedwiththeCrisandCeres .
-vY l7 gzir
art
hg means solemnitasmessis .
OneoftheApocryphalGospelsstates,thatwhen J esuscele-
bratedthelastsupper-hislastsolemnitasmessis-heandhisapostlessangahymn,andper-
formedacirculardance : and I n hg
hasthismeaning . I suspectalso,thatthis qzir hasanear
relationtothewordCaesar
. Thiskeywaswhatunlockedoropenedthedoorofeternalandof
humanlife. I twas a polis or pole and
a tripole. Cereswasoftenwrittenfor
wheat or bread
I Vol . VI I I . p. 220 .

s
SeeBookVI I I
. Chap. I I . Sect. 1 .
3 Vall . Coll . Vol . VI I I . p. xlix . Pref. to No. XI I .

4
1b . p. 1,
BookX
. ChapterI I .
Section 7

591
" Sine Cerere, et Libero
frigetVenus. "TheSolemnitas Messisis theofferingofbreadofthe
Romists . Thisisthemeaningofthemass
. I n theEleusinianmysteries,thedaywhentheywere
completedwassaidtobe,totheinitiated,thedayofregenerationandnewbirth . ' Seeour
baptismalservice
. Thedaywhentheinitiationwasfinishedwastheday,totheinitiated,ofthe
Baba
M7~TI s--Bafomet,tobeexplainedbyandby .
TheTempleatEleusishadaverylargedome,whichwasofgreatantiquity,longbeforethe
timeusuallyallottedtotheinventionofthearch,withradiatedstones
. 2 StraboandVitruvius
havegivenanaccountofthisimmensedome,
3
saidtohavebeenbuiltbyI ctinus,about4 3 0 years
B. C
. forthecelebrationofthemysteries ; andChrysostomhasdescribedtheceremoniesofinitiation
tohavetakenplacewithgreatmagnificenceunderit.
I n theprocession,thevotariescalledoutwhat
Gebelencalls,inhisFrench, KhaireDdntdler,Salut,Ceres.
I nthe Khaireof Eleusismaynotthe heri
ofI ndiaortheCyrusbefound ? I nthedomeofthetemplewehaveaduplicate
of theDomeinthe
templeatKomulmar-describedinCol . Tod'sbook. I requestmybrotherMasonsofthe Royal
Arch, toplacethemselvesinthemiddleofthenewroomatFreemason'sTavern,whenlightedup,
andthentoreflectuponalltheirceremonies,onwhich,ofcourse,I cannotenlarge,andI suspect
theywillfindthemselvesbothatEleusis,andatBit-lehem,andinI ndia
. CountdeGebelensays,
Cerussignifies creator, andcreo tocreate. 4 "OnvoitdansHesychiusqu'enGrecCdr6 ss'ap-
" pelloitKyrus ; cepeut-dtrelemememot
. " EnHdbreu
w1n hrs signifie faire.
5
ThusI am
notsingularinmyideaofCeresandCyrusbeingthesame :
thedifferenceofsexcanbeeasily
accountedfor,frrom-theknownfact,thateveryGodandGoddesswasandrogynous
. Cereswas
Demeter,butBacchuswasalsoDemeter
; thusI HForBacchuswasCeres,
s
I tisastrikingcir-
cumstance,thatCereshadthesamenameasCaesar,viz .
I e%w .
o
ThisseemstoidentifyCaesar,
Ceres,and Xpas.
7. ForthepresentI addnomorerespectingtheCrest,butreturntotheChaldees . I nsection
3 ofthischapter,towhich1begtorefer,Mr. BryanthasnoticedacountryofColida. Here
wehavetheoriginalChaldea,wherewastheUr-UroftheChaldees .
AlmostallwritersrespectingtheChaldeanshavelabouredunderthemistakenidea,thatthey
wereidenticalwiththeAssyrians ; hencetheyhaveusedthewordsAssyrianandChaldeanas
convertibleterms . TheerrorofthisI haveshewnin THE CELTI CDRUI DS, andI neednot
repeatit. TherecanbenodoubtthatmanyAssyriansmightbeChaldeans,andviceversa . But
theChaldeans,mostassuredly,wereasectororderofsomekind,totallyindependentofthe
AssyrianorBabylonianempire. TheywerenodoubtnumerousinBabylon,astheywereafter-
wardinRome,butwhowouldsaythattheRomanswereChaldeans,ortheChaldeansRomans ?
AncienthistoryshewstracesoftheminmanyplacesbesidesBabylon . Z oroasterwasalways
saidtohavebeentheirfounder : butwhowasZ oroaster
?
I shallnotdiscussthisquestionat
present,butcontentmyselfwithsaying,I suspectthathewasmerelythesupposedgeniusofa
cycle.
SevenZ oroastersarerecordedbydifferenthistorians .
Monde
Prim . Tome I V. p. 3 22.

2 De A rchitect. praefat. ad Lib . vii. MondePrim .

Vol. I V . p
. 3 21 .
3 Mondeprim . ibid.
4 CeresorCurusfromCreo,
tocreate,
seeLitt. Diet.

5 MondePrim
. Vol . I V. p. 577 .
G w'n55 lkurs intvn5
lmsihu, I saiah xlv
. 1 ; mwnn a-meih fromnwn
msh,unxit ; p' nn musiofromnw' iso,to
save. HencethefemaleincarnationsoftheninecyclesweretheninemusesofApollo,andtheninewives,orRhadiie
orRaysofKanya.
7 Spanh. Observ . inCallim . p
. 6 4 9 ;
Jamieson'sHerm . Scyth. p. 13 7 .
592

ChaldeansWhereFrom
I ntheColidaorColchida of
Arrian,noticedbyMr. Bryant,I thinkwehavetheoriginofthe
CuldeesorChaldees
. TheyareinthedistrictofUr-iiorUr-iana,whereAbrahamorthe
Brahmincamefrom
. HecamefromUroftheCullidei,orChaldees,orCuldees,orfromColida
.
Thiscompletestheproofofmysystem
.
ThecountryofCalidaorColidainNorthI ndia,betweentheBurrampooterandtheI ndus,isthe
countryoftheholyCali-Cali-di,i .
e. dis ordivusandCali
.
CaliistheGreekxa? og
beautiful.
I tisremarkablethat,intheCeltic,theword Cal
means
wise : 1
whencecomes a calling or vocation
. Whenapersonwascalled,hewasdeemedwisefor
thepurposeforwhichhewascalled
. TheRomanmeetingfortheelectionofpriestswascalled
CalataComitia. FromthiscomesourGala-day,
Whit-Sunday, whentheDruidsgrantedthe
ordersorfunctionstopriests
.
I believemyselfthattheAriana,saidbyCol
. VanKennedy'tobeboundedbytheI ndus,was
Uriana,whichextendedthusfar
; that all
theDoabbetweentheGangesandI nduswasAriana
andUr-iana,andperhapsAra-biaalso. Theword
UR intheI ndianlanguagesignifiesalso coun-
try
or town
3 -EpaofGreece
. Then,whenitissaidthatAbrahamcamefrom
CC
UroftheChal-
dees,"itmaymean,thathecamefromthecountryoftheChaldeesorfromColida,notfromthe
fireoftheChaldees
. TheusehereofthewordUr,withoutanywordprefixed,havingthemean-
ingoftownorcountry,isexactlyliketheuseofthewordJordan,
theJordan. Thepersons
translatingdidnotknowthemeaningofthefirstwordsineachcase . Thewordsintheold
Hebrewareneverdividedlikeours-butallruntogether . NowI havenodoubtthatBartholo-
maeusisright :
yetI thinkitwasalsothepropernameofacountry . As,ifI beright,itwill
bemerelyadistrictofthecountryofCallida,itwillmakenomaterialdifferencetotheargument .
TheHebrewregiminewillaccountforthiswordmeaning,both country and fire. I twasthe
countryoffireorVesta ; intheHebrewstyle,
countryfire.
AmmianusMarcellinus,inthefollowingpassage,seemstoimplythattheChaldeeswereeast-
wardofBactriana ; thiswilltakethemtomyColida : " Cuiscientiae(Magiae)saeculispriscis,
" multaexChaldaorumarcanisBactrianusaddiditZ oroastres : deindeHystaspesrex,pruden-
CC tissimusDariipater,quicuinsuperiorisI ndiasecretafidentiuspenetraret,adnemorosam
quandamveneratsolitudinem,cujustranquillissilentiispreecelsaBrachmanorutningeniapoti-
C , untur," 4 &c. ThewholepassageevidentlyalludestoaChaldeafarEastwardofAssyria. We
mustrememberthatthenameoftheGodoftheJews,Jah,I E,wasthenameofApolloofDelphi
.
ButtheOracleofApollo,preservedbyPorphyry,
5
said,thatthe Chaldeans
andJewswerethe
onlypeoplewhohonouredaGodproducedbyhimself,auroyevsOAov . NowAbrahamwasa
Chaldean,forhecamefromUrofthecountryoftheChaldees . And,assuredly,theywerethe
ChaldeesofAbrahamwhomtheOraclemeant,whoseGodhadthesamenameastheGodofthe
Oracle,nottheMoloch . adoringAssyrians
. ThecouplingoftheChaldeansandJewswasnatural
enough,iftheywereoriginallyfromthesamecountry
. TheplaceherefoundfortheChaldeans
fullyjustifiesJeremiah'sassertion,thattheycamefromtheendsoftheNorthandthesidesof
theearth. 6 i. e. fromaverydistantcountry . ThefactoftheCholchianshavingcomefromI ndia
isstronglysupportedbyTzetzes,whosays,Oi8eKoxXot,I NOI KOI FxuOos eio; v . 7
Hesychius
says,Xa7Baioi,yevogp
. otywvI ran'sywwcrxovrwv . s
'
Cleland,Spec
. p. 124 .

s
P.
197
.

3
Barthol
. System . Brach. p. 151 .
4 Hist. Lib . xxiii .

5 Euseb . Evan . Praep. Lib . ix . Cap. x .

Cab . Enc .
7 Vallancey,Coll . Vol . VI . p
. 6 6 .

8 Lex . voce Xa%taiox.

BookX. ChapterI I
. Section8

593
ButtherewasanotherColidaatthesouthendofthePeninsulaofI ndia,notfarfromCape
Comorin,aswellasthatoftheDoaboftheGangesandI ndus
; thusthereweretwoColidas
.
I thasbeenshewnbyBryantthatthewordColida
is thesameasColchida.
ThisI believe
wastheplaceinSouthI ndiatowhichtheArgonauts,fifty-twoinnumber,accordingtoOnoma-
critus,weresaidtohavegoneinsearchofthegoldenfleeceofaram
. AColida,I think,I have
provedtohavebeentheplacewhenceAbramcame,-fromUr,orUri-ana,ofColida
. Everyone
knowsthatAbramwassaidtobeagreatastrologer,andnopersonatallconversantwiththe
historyoftheRomanEmperorscanbeignorantthattheChaldeansfromI ndiaweretheirgreat
astrologersortellersoffortunes . '
Thrace,aswemightexpect,wascalledAria,aswellasThracia
.
s
Thiswas,I havenodoubt,
aftertheAriaorUriaofColidabetweentheI ndusandGanges,
3 Duretsays,itwascalled
Xp)govt,
andthatsomeofitsinhabitantswerecalledSapmandSapa
; i . Thesewere,I feellittle
doubt,Sophees-ofwhomI shalltreathereafter
. I thinkthemostblindandcredulousofdevotees
mustallowthatwehavetheexistenceoftheCristnaoftheBrahminsinThrace,
many hundred
yearsbeforetheChristianmra-thebirthofJesusChrist
. Now,whatcouldMr
. Maurice,Sir
W. Jones,andMr
. Bentley,saytothis ?
DidtheCristnaofThracetakehisnamefromthe
ApocryphalGospels
? TheApollo EI , Xpig,
,inthecountryofSind,withhisfluteormusic,his
ninemusesornineRhadii,withtheBrahmincustomofburningthewidowscannotbedoubtedor
evaded .
Howisitthatthishasneverbeenseenbefore
? How,butbecause,ifroguishpriests
did seeit,theyineverycaseendeavouredtosuppressit
; andbecauseprejudiceissostrongin
devoteesastoblindthemeventoanuncloudedsunatnoon !
I begmyreadertorefertomy
observationsinthefirstsectionofthisbook
.
I nthrowingouttheacrosticfromtheSibyls,the
sillydevoteeFloyer,hasshewnhowhisclasscorruptedbooks .
Asimilarinstanceistobefound
intherespectableantiquarianMr
. Davies,whohasomittedtotranslatethelastcoupletofan
ancientWelshbard,because,hesays,itsreferencetoan
infant SaviourshewsittobeaChristian
interpolation .
ThisSaviour,I doubtnot,hadreferencetothethreeMariesand
VirgoParitura
ofGaul,andtotheJovicrescents,fig . 20 .
Everyancientauthor,withoutexception,hascometo
usthroughthemediumofChristianeditors,whohave,eitherfromrogueryorfolly,corrupted
themall .
Weknowthat,inonebatch,allthefathersofthechurchandalltheGospelswere
corrected,thatis,corrupted,bytheunitedexertionsoftheRomanSee,Lanfranc,Archbishopof
Canterbury,andtheMonksofSt. Maur.
AndtheconductofSirW . Jones,relatingtothe
crucifixionofI ndra,shewsthatthesamesystemisnowcarryingoninI ndia
. Butonallthese
pointsmyreaderwillseemuchmoreimportantmatterpresently
.
8. ColonelTodhasgivenanaccountinhisHistory,ofanorderofpriestscalledGosaen
.
TheynowofficiateinthetempleofEklinga,inMewar. Butthepresentreligionofthistemple
isthatofKanyiaorCristna,andissaidtohavecomefromMatura
. WhenI considerthatI
havefoundMaturea,UrorUriioftheColida,orDoab,orMesopotamiaoftheChaldeesorCul-
dees,andAyoudya,orOude,orJudia,andtheJoogeesorJews,allinI ndia,nearlytogether,I
cannothelpbelievingthatintheGosaenofI ndiawehavetheGoshenofEgypt,andoftheOld
Testament,calledintheHebrew
iwa gsn,I leavethecasetomyreader,withtheoften-repeated
observation,thatitisnotanindividualnameofthiskindthatisofanyweight,butthenumber
I
TotheseChaldeansI attributetheinventionofourdiceandplayingcards . Thelatterwereclearlyastrological
instruments,andI havenodoubtwereconnectedwiththesystemofcycles-forwhich,byaccidentordesign,they
werepeculiarlyadapted
. I thinktheywereprobablyinventedexpresslyforthepurpose : I paynoattentiontothe
storyoftheirinventioninFrance
.
e=8, 7 r=20 0 , nt=4 0 0 -6 0 8,Tre-is
.
3
VideDuret,TrdsordesLang. p. 729.
594

Erythraea, Diu,Dis
ofthem.
TheseGosaenwerepriests
.
TheHebrewsdweltinthelandof
Goshenorof
the
Goshaen. '
Vallanceysays,Goseynamagus,wiseman,priest
; inI rishitisGaosna wise
. 2
AHindoo
religiousiscalled
Gosine ;
theirchiefsarecalled
Omrahs-Raj-Om .
WehaveseenthevarioussignsofHerculesintheSyrastrene
.
Everyonehasheardofhis
killingtheErymanthianboarinArcadia,orI shouldsaythecountryoftheholyArca,orArga,
ofGreece. I n
theGulfofCutchorSinusCanthi,whichwashestheshoreofSyrastrene,theriver
Erynutnthus,
nowcalledtheriverBunwas,emptiesitself,inaboutlat
. 23 ,long. 712.
9
. I mustnowmakesomeobservationsuponseveral'veryimportantwords
; andfirst,theword
Erythraea
.
AlllearnedmenwilltellmethatErythraeameans red,
andthus,thatthecountrybetweenthe
I ndusandGanges,agreatpartofwhichmusthaveabeautifulverdure,andthe
green
Erythraean
Sea,aresocalledfromtheir
red
colour. Thisis,asusual,Greekignoranceandlearnedcredulity
.
I apprehendthenameoftheErythraeanSeahadthesamemeaningastheGoddessI I poOupawa,
ortheJunoLucina,orDianaLucinaoftheRomans
. 3 I thinkthewordshavebeenI I poOpawa
andEpuOpaua,andmean,theoneI I po,thesameas
Pra, theSiamesenameofcreator,former,
orgiverofforms,addedtotheword
Ope
: andtheother` Epi
orHeri,theSaviour,addedtothe
word
Op. I
thinkthisisconfirmedbythegreatsimilarity,intheveryoldalphabet,ofthe
and e
Th. 4
I considerthembothofthesamefamilywiththeVenusAphrodite,theSea
Goddess,ortheGoddessfromthefrothofthesea
. I takethisladytobeA-Phre-Dite,inthe
Copticlanguage ;
A,emphatic,4 '=50 0 ,P=10 0 ,H=8,=6 0 8 ; sacrumnomen,cognomen,etomen .
AndtheDiteisevidentlytheDis,ditis,ofLatiumortheEtruscans,andtheorientalAdityaor
Dit,whichisatermforthesun,
5 andwhichalsomeansholyorsacred
. The ape, Phre,is
alsotheNorthernFreya,theGoddessofFriday,thedaysacredtoVenus,allovertheworld
.
TheobservationrespectingtheVenusAphrodite,isconfirmedbyNonnus,whosays,
I y&tnnv
txereuasv
EpuOpairly
Alpoir7lv .
6
The Op-1,
Thre,is the Tre
oftheEgyptians,bywhichtheydesignatedtheNile,the fleue-ocean,-
onwhich,intheirceremoniesmicrocosmically,floatedtheheavenlybodies . Everythingwasa
microcosm ;
everyreptilewasamicrocosmofman
; manoftheglobe ; theglobeoftheplanetary
system
; theplanetarysystemoftheuniverse
; andtheuniverseofGod ; andthus,intheimage
ofGodwasmancreated-intheimageofGodmaleandfemalecreatedhehim . The Eri was
theHere(Juno),theHeri,Hera,thesaviourofI ndia-thedestroyerandregenerator. Thusthe
ErythraeanSeawastheSeaoftheHere-three . I nshort,itwastheuniversalsea ; as wefindit
attheStraitsofGadeswashingtheshoresoftheAtlantic,andontheotherendoftheMediter-
raneanwashingtheshoresofAsiaMinor,andagaincarryingonitsbosomthesacredTabrobane
inI ndia.
ThewordDius,
forGod, in theoldLatin,everyoneknows . I tmakesDiiinitsgenitive.
Thisisin
factHebrew
. TheLogosisconstantlyspokenofbytheTargums,particularlythatof
Jerusalem,bythetermtet
xnam memradii, theLogosofGod . ThisistheDiuofmountAthos
andofGuzerat. 8
I tisimpossibletodoubtthatthe 't Dii isanoldLatinorEtruscanword,
thoughfoundintheHebrew
. Whatsaytheopponentsof mixedetymology tothis?
I
DoourThreeWiseMenofGotham,comefromthis
?

s
Vall . Coll . Hill. Vol . V
. P. 6
0 .
o
SeeParkhuistinvoce
0 5E)
pit, I V .

* SeeDr
. Bosworth'sSaxonGrammar,p . 10
.
a
Tod'sRaj . p. 215.

6 Dyonysiac
. Lib
. xxxv . ,Bryant,Anal . Vol. I I I . p
. 187,4 to.
' Creuzer,ReLAn . Exp. desPlanche,p . 90 ,PlateXLI X. fig. 192
.

VideParkhurst's GREEK Lexiconinvoce Aayoq.

BookX. ChapterI I . Section10

595
Mr. Costard,inhisAstronomy,derivesthewordZ eus,Jupiter,"fromtheArabicrootDuor
"Dsu,awordwhichsignifiesLord
; whenceheconceivesarederivedtheDyuoftheWelsh,

theDeuoftheCornish,DueintheArmoric,DiaintheoldI rish,andtheDeusoftheLatins .
"ThewordsDewandDiva,however,constantlyoccurringinnearlythesamesenseinSanscrit,

asinDewtahandDivatah,I cannotavoidputtinginaclaimfortheHindoosonthisoccasion,
"whoselanguagebearsastrikingsimilitudetotheoldChaldee
.
. --Theplanetsarerepresentedas

personifiedDewtas
; anditisremarkablethattheI ndianshaveaDivespiter,inEeudra,their
"Godofthefirmament,endowedwithexactlythesamefunctionsastheGrecianJove
. "'I n
mypreliminaryobservations,Sect. 3 2,Gen
. Vallanceysaysthe'` tidoriodstoodforten
. We
haveseenthesacredcharacteroftheiotaandthemysticismbelongingtoit,andthattheTargum
alwayscallsGodP)ii-whence,I conclude,thatthe'` ridoughttobe
. # -riidtheholy'i
. The
Targumsbearmeoutinthiscorrection
. Dr. Smithsays,thatthewordmostlyusedbythe
CeltsfortheSupremeBeingwasDiaorDhia,which,intheobliquecase,hasDeandDhe
; that
ofthistheEsusorHesus,saidtohavebeenworshipedbytheDruids,seemsonlytohavebeen
acorruption,andtheOsosandDeusoftheGreeksandLatinsweremanifestlyderivedfromit
;
thattheDhiaorDiaoftheCeltsisthesameasthelahoftheHebrews . 2
BishopMarshsays,3 "I thasbeenthoughtindeedanomaloustoinserttheDigammainsucha
wordasAtt. But,tojudgeoftheDigamma,weshouldnotspeakofinsertion : fori1wasa
"constituentpartoftheprimitiveGreekalphabet
: andourpresentformswereoccasionedby
"theomissionofit
. Letusask,therefore,inthefirstplace,inwhatmannerthenominative

Z eus,orratherAeug,accordingtotheI Eolicform,wasoriginallywrittenbythePelasgi.
"TheycouldnotatfirsthavewrittenDET
: forTwasanadditiontotheprimitiveGreek

alphabet,whichendedwithT,likethePhoenician,Samaritan,Hebrew,Chaldee,andSyriac
alphabets
. FontheotherhandwasaconstituentpartoftheprimitiveGreekalphabet
; it
"wasthesixthletterintheGreekalphabet,asthecorrespondingletterwasinallthealphabets
"justmentioned
. Theword,therefore,whichwasafterwardwrittenAEV2; 4 andthenAE'Y 'X,
"mustatfirsthavebeenwrittenDEFTandAI M
. ButthegenitiveanddativeofAI FF,

couldhavebeennootherthanDI FOFandDI FI ,which,whentheDigammawasdrapt,

"becauseOwg,andAli
. Hence,also,weseethereasonwhyOtosandAhcametobethe
"genitiveanddativeofZ eug
. "
10. ThepoetDyonysiussays,thatTaprobanawasplacedI NTHEErythraeanSea . Bryant5
sbews,thatGadesorGadirwasalsocalledSyrusErythreia . ThuswehavetheErythraeanSea
atnearlytheextremeEastandtheextremeWest
. Howabsurdtosupposethatthisnamewas
takenfromapettykingofAsiaMinor! TheErythraeansaresaidtohavefoundedcoloniesin
I onia,Libya,Cyprus,itolia,andBceotia . ErythreeaisonlyatranslationofEry-phrea,and
meanstheSaviour6 0 8
: ~=50 0 ,P=10 0 H=8=6 0 8 : or,asitwouldbeinHebrew,nt=4 0 0 ,
nr=20 0 ,rh=8=6 0 8
.
TheErythrmanseawashedtheislandofDiu,ortheholyisland,andthecoastofMalabar,as
'Maurice,Hist
. Hin . Vol . I . p. 23 9,ed
. 4 to.

'P
. 16 ,CelticDruids,Ch. V. Sect. XXXVI I I . note
3 HorsePelasgicae,Pt
. i. Ch. iii . p. 6 4 .
4 Whenthe9Cipsabvwasfirstintroduced,ithadthesameformwiththecorrespondingletteroftheLatinalphabet,
namelyV. Bydegreesoneofthesideswaslengthened,anditacquiredtheformofJ
: butitwassometimebefore
thetwo,lines,whichformtheangle,werebentintothepresentformT
.
5Anal
. Vol . I I I
. pp. 187,189,4 to.
596
ColidaofSouthI ndia
wellasthatoftheislandofSerendive,orTaprobana,orPaleesimunda,rorCeylon,onwhichstood
Columbo,and,accordingtotheSamaritanPentateuch,mountArarat
; andwherethemarkof
Adam'sfootwas ; anditwashedalsothecoastofCoromandel,orColamandel,orChiol-mandala
Onthiscoast,accordingtoPtolemy,therewerearivercalledManda,agulfcalledColchicus-
sinus,
s
andaplacecalled MalliarphaEmporium, orMelliapour,wheretheChristianSt
. Thomas
wassaidtohavebeenmartyred . ButwashenottheTammuzwhowaskilled,for'whomthe
Jewishwomenmadetheirlamentations,theGodwhowasalsocalled,inWesternSyria,Adonis
?
Ofbothoftheseweshallseemorebyandby .
I n
theColchicusSinusisatownnowcalledCochin, 3 andnearittheSinusArga-ricus
. 4
HerewehavetheCholchos,towhichtheArgonautswent,asisproved,bywhatPtolemycalls
theSinusArgo-ricus,initsneighbourhood. ThemeaningofChiolorCholisthesameasColida,
Cali-di. TheMandaorMundaofthecoast,oroftheisland,oroftheriver,weknowmeans
cycle
. ThuswehavetwoCholchosesandtwoArgonauts . Butasfewpeoplewillnowbelieve
thestoryoftheEthiopiancolonywiththeircurlyhairgoingfromEgypttotheshoreofthe
Euxine,theywillbeobligedtobelievethereverse-thatthewholestorycamefromI ndiatothe
West,andwasriotunderstoodbytheGreeks . AtthetopofthecoastofMalabaristhegulfof
Cutch,whichistheCuttaia,calledbyPtolemytheSinusCanthi
. Andneartothisgulfisa
promontoryofTammuz .
Mr
. BryanthasshewnthattheColchisoftheWestwasalsocalledCutaia,andsomeofits
inhabitantsSindi,thatis,I ndi .
SomeoftheinhabitantsofColchiswerecalledlberiorHebrews,
andweresaidtocomefromUr : that,ofcourse,istheUriiorUri-anaofColida
. Thecircum-
stanceoftheseI beribeingdividedintothefourI ndiancastes, 5
provesthemI ndiansprettyclearly
.
AlittlebeyondCeylonistheChersonesus,calledGolden,onwhicharefoundtheriverCreso-ana,
andthemountSian,thecapitalofwhichiscalledJudia,andtheJewishlookingpeople
.
I tis
fromthiscountrythattheMalaysorLascarscome,whoselanguage,inthedep6 tinWap-
ping,myrespectablefriend,SalometheJew,understood
. 6 I tisonthecoastofMalabar,
nearCeylon,thattheblackJewswerefoundbyDr
. Buchanan,andalsotheChristiansofSt
.
Thomas,whoseserviceisyetperformedintheChaldeeorJewishlanguage
. I ntheGolden
ChersonesusorSiamwehaveseveralofthesameplacesasthosewefoundonthecoastofMala-
bar,Cambay,Cochin,&c
. Thecircumstanceofthepromontoryof Tamus
beingfoundinI ndia,
neartothesettlementoftheSt
. ThomasChristiansofMalabar,aspointedoutbyMr
. Bryant,at
oncerendersthestoryofSt
. ThomasinI ndiadoubtful
.
Thenhowarethesepersonscalled
Christians, using
theChaldeelanguage,
tobeaccountedforexceptasI havestated,thatthey
wereatribeofAfghansorloudi,havingthedoctrinesofapersoncalledSalivahana,(ofwhomI
shallpresentlytreat,)orofBal-ii,namedbefore,inBk
. I V. Ch . 11.
Sect
. l,whoweremadeinto
ChristiansbythePortuguese,bymeansofalittleblundering,alittlelying,and,bywhatweknow
wasthecase,agooddealofpersecution
. Thefact, of tribesofblackJewswithoutthePentateuch
inthisChaldee-speakingcountry,agreesverywellwithandsupportsmytheory
. --Theywere
Xpr1e -
ians,Creseans,asPlinyproperlycalledthem
.
ServiusontheEneidsays,thattheSibylreceivedtheboonoflonglifeoncondition,thatshe
BartolomeusSystemaBrachmanorum
; alsoBryant,Anal . Vol. I I I . pp
. 187,189.
'
WerecollectthatBryanthasshewnthatCholchida
is Colida.
3 Theking of
thisplacewascalledaZ amorin
. ThishasbeenshewntobeaSemiramis .
4 I bid .

5
Bryant,Anal.
Vol. I I I . p. 4 55, ed . 4 to.
I Mr
. SalomeistheauthorofaHebrewGrammar
.
BookX
. ChapterI I
. Section10

597
wouldquitthe I sleofErythrwa. I
NowI . apprehendthisislandcouldbenootherthanCeylon,
unless,indeed,itwasDiu .
Oneofthem,I think,itmusthavebeen .
MuchhasbeensaidrespectingthepriorityoftheScythiansortheCelts
. AsI havesaidin my
CELTI CDRUI DS,
thequestionisofnovalue . Thesameraceofmenareevidentlymeant,who
wereresidenttotheNorth,betweentheI ndusandtheGanges,extendingtotheNorthinto
Tartary. Gen
. VallanceyhaspointedoutamostimportantpassageofDionysius
I ,aovaap'avra/ ovNo-rsoiXxvOaiavvaivo i Y ,4 &c. ,&c .
UponthebanksofthegreatriverI nd
The
SouthernScuthee dwell : which riverpays
I tswat'rytributetothatmightysea
StyledErythr2ean
. Farremoveditssource,
AmidthestormycliffsofCaucasus
Descendingthencethroughmanyawindingvale
I tseparatesvastnations

Thesewerethefirstgreatfoundersintheworld-
Foundersofcitiesandofmightystates
;
Whoshewedapaththroughseas,beforeunknown
And,whendoubtreignedanddarkuncertainty,
Whorenderedlifemorecertain
. Theyfirstviewed
Thestarrylights,andformedthemintoschemes
.
Afterwardthesameauthorsays,thatthepeopleabovealludedtoalsolivedupontheSyrian
Sea,andwerecalled4 'otvixes,Phoenicians,andthattheyweredescendedfromthetrueEry-
thraeanstock. 3 TheseScuthaewerealsoSacee .
StrabodescribesoneoftheGreekkingsorgenerals,inhiswarwiththeI ndians,tohave
penetratedasfarasthe : ~upotand I avvoi.
Fromthisitisclear,thatifthenameshavebecome
lost,yetthatformerlytherewereSyriansandPhoeniciansontheEastoftheI ndus
. SurelyifI
wishedforaconfirmationofallmydoctrinesbyaGreekauthor,I couldnothavedesiredany
thingmoretomypurpose. Here,inthese $ ow ; xes fromCentralI ndia,wehavethepeopleover
whomMelcl. izedekwasking ; thepeoplewhoseancestorsgaveJewishnamestothecitiesof
I ndia,andwhowereafterwardjoinedbytheircountrymen,drivenoutunderAbraham
; who
broughtwiththentheI ndianmythos,andwhogavethesamenamestotheplacesintheirlittle
mountainprovinceofJudaeaoftheWest,thattheyhadleftinthemightyempireofI ndia,ex-
tendingfromCashmeretoComorin,andfromtheI ndustoSian,ortheSiones,orSions,and
Y udiaofPegu-tothePan-daean,thatis,theCatholickingdom .
Bartholomeussays, _ Xthiopes 4 abI ndo (notabene) flumineconsurgentesjuxtaSgyptum
consederunt. I demhabetSyncellusapudMarshamum . 5 EtEupolemusapudeumdemEusebium
. e
Chusesse . EthiopumpatremetfratrernMitzraim . 7
ChusautemBacchulnI ndicumessesuspi-
canturCalcuttensesAngli,etReverendP. Georgius,quietiamduplicemAthiopiamscitedis-
tinguit,atqueI ndosadstipulanteeidemDeGuinesaChusoriundosesseexistimati
.
Quodsi
verumest,aliaprofectoI ndisantiquitastribuidebet,quamtribuateisdemR
. P
. Marcus .
Phi-
lostratus,(Lib . iii . Cap. vi . devitaApollonii)scribit,
Erataliquodtempus,quo1Ethiapesconse-
derunthacinparte,gensI ndicaEEthiopiaenintnondumerat
(nempeXthiopesseuI ndosportans)
.
EtLib. iv . Cap. vi . ait, thiopesabI ndisvenientes . Etpauloinfra,
Sapientissimimortalium
' NoteonVirgilbyServius
.

s
Dion. Perieg . ver
. 10 88 .

3
Vall . Hib . Coll
. Vol . V . pp
. 17,18 .
4 Art. Eusebius'Chronicon,Lib
. post . edit. Seal
. P
. 72
.

5 P
. 115,c.

oDePrcep. Evan
. Lib . ix .
7
I talegitBochartusinsuoPhaleg
. Lib
. iv . Cap . ii .
598

I ndiansinThrace
I ndisunt : coloniautemeorum1Ethiopes.
Profecto ha
; comniadeverisI ndisdiciliquet,ac
proindeabitspotiusreligioperAfricamin1Egyptumpenetravit
. I
11 . UntilI badwrittentheabove,respectingtheGreciantowns,&c
. ,I didnotobservethe
followingpassageofMr. Bryant's : 2 "
Theriver I ndus wasoftencalled Sindus, andnationsof
" thefamilywhereofI amtreatingwerecalled
Sindi.
Therewerepeopleofthisnameandfamily
"
inThrace,namedbyHesychius
:
2; w8oi(rig
Opaxt
u
) e&vos I v&xot. TheSindi(ofThrace)
" areanI ndiannation. Somewouldalteritto1
; w8nxov,Sindicum :
butbothtermsareofthe
" samepurport. Hementions,inthesamepartoftheworld,
wo? ag,
Z wbixog %1117rw
%eyoFtevrl
" acity,whichwasdenominatedthe Sindic or I NDI AN
harbour
. "I nthenextpageBryant
repeatswhatthereaderhasbeforeseen,thatApolloniusofTyaneaaffirms,thattheAfrican
EthiopianswereoriginallyanI ndiannation
. AfterthisMr
. Bryantgoesontoskew, 3 onthe
authorityoftheancientauthors, thattheI ndiansweredividedintocastes
; thattheirpriestswere
formedintosocieties,incolleges,asrecluses
; thattheirreligionwasthatofAmmon(Om-man)-
thattheyworshipedthesun-thattheirpriestswerecalled,fromthenameofthesun,Chom,
Chomini
Sophites, fromwhichtheGreeks,hesays,made
Tupo-oo4 ot-raw,
andTuporocisat,orGym-
nosophists . Theoo(Pog,I doubtnot,wasbothaGreekandI ndianwordforwise,andI thinkno
onecanreadthelongdissertationofMr
. Bryant,andnotseethattheGymnosophistswerethewise
menorMagi,orpriestsofAmmon,orofthe
ispov
O-avn
.
TheSophitesaretheAsophsandEusofzyesresidentonthemountSuffaid,noticedbyMr
.
ElphinstoninhisCabul. 4 OfthemI shalltreathereafter.
ThatapartyofJudaitespenetratedintoThracecannotbedoubted,afterthevisiblemarksof
Judaism,whichhavebeendiscoveredinthatcountry
. TheOdomantes,accordingtoAristo-
phanes, 5 wereJews . Thescholiastuponthatauthorsays, OBo
. arwve
5
vos Opeotxnxov, (Pa6 I 8e
auras I aBaissewas-"TheOdomantesareapeopleofThrace ; theysaythattheyareJews . "
Hermippus,intheLifeofPythagoras,observes, "Pythagorasperformedandsaidthesethingsin
" imitationoftheJewsandThracians . "
6
TheidentityofthedoctrineoftheTrinitarianand
ThracianOrpheuswiththeTrinityofI ndiaandofGenesis,againprovestheThraciansandJews
bothtohavebeencoloniesfromI ndia. ThelatterpartofthewordOdo-mantesI donotunder-
stand,butI haveasuspicionthatthefirstisacorruptionofI oudi .
I nThracewehave,inthedoctrinesofOrpheus,thetriuneGodofI ndiaandoftheJews
. I n
thenamesoftowns,rivers, 8jc . , arepetitionofsimilarplacesinI ndia : intheXp
ro
s
wehavethe
Cristna ; inthewidowssacrificingthemselves,thewidowsofI ndiaburningthemselves
; inthe
mysteriesofEleusis,theI ndian
Conchaompancha,&c. ,&c. Howis allthis? Didthepeople
ofThracesendacolonytoI ndia ; ordidtheHindooscolonizeThrace ? I tisimpossibletobe
blindtotheidentityofthetwo : thesacrificingofthewidowsandthecastesprovethemofthe
tribeY ndifromY oudia,notofthenationofMoses,ofWesternSyria
.
Curtius,speakingoftheverypeopleabovenoticedbyMr. Elphinston,saysofAlexander,
" Hineinregnum Sophites 7 perventumestGens,utBarbaricredunt,
sAPI I . NTI A excellit,bonisque
"
moribusregitur. "I thinkI maynowsafelyconsiderthateverythingwhichI haveformerly
saidoftheAnimonbeingtheOmofI ndiaissatisfactorily
PROVED.
ThetombofOrpheuswas
shewninThrace,andaperusalofwhatMr. Bryanthassaidrespectinghim,I thinkmustcon-
' Bartol . Sys . Brach. p. 3 0 7
.

s
Vol . I I I . p. 215 .

'Pp. 218-220
.
* Chap. iv.

s
Acharn. Acti . Scene iv.

6
Benj
. DeTudela,byGerrans,Ch. xviii . note.
7
Y
. 4 &a.
BookX
. ChapterI I
. Section12

599
vinceanypersonthatthereneverwasamanofthisname,butthattheOrpheanswere a sector
tribehavingthereligionoftheTrimurti,andweretheI udiwhocamefromtheEast,andwho
werealsocalledI beri,orforeigners,orHebrews
. Theywereatribeorsect,liketheJewsof
Syria,expelledfromtheEast,whosettledinThrace,andgavetheplacesthesamenamesasthe
placestheyleftinI ndia
; andtheybroughtwiththemtheTrinity,alittlealteredinthetimeof
Plato,butevidentlythesame
:
andthefemalesacrifices,andtheworshipoftheXg2jsog,asfound
onthemonumentatDelphi
. Theywere,asweshallsee,theXg ,
4 siavotofSt
. Thomas,or
Tammuz
. I twasfromtheOrpheansthatPlatohadhisTrinitydescribedintheearlypartofthis
work.
12
. OntheothersideoftheGrecianmountains,whereI haveformerlypointedouttheArgos,
thelonnina,theChaonia,Dodona,calledbyRitter,asI amtold,BodorBud-ona,&c . ,opposite
totheheadoftheHaliacmonorI onicora,isthetownofNicaea,andnearitChriso-dio
:
thisis
Xpi6 ogor Xp7~ sog theholy
. NicwaisthenameoftheGodBacchus,orNysus,or
I M,
and
Xpiqcog
ishisepithet
. MyreaderwillnotforgetthatI formerlypointedoutthatinthesixteen-
letteralphabet
Xp'j6 0 g,
musthavebeenwrittenXg? 1Sogor
Xpesog,
therootofCrestonia
.
Alearnedfriend,theRev
. Mr
. Kenrick,ofY ork,hasgivenmethefollowingparticularsofthe
GermanworkofRitter,whichI regretthatI cannotread
: "
Hehimselfthusstatesthepurpose
"
ofitinhis8thpage : `
I intendtoshew,fromthemostancientmonumentswhichgeography,

`
antiquity,mythology,architecture,andreligioussystemspresent,thatI ndiansacerdotal

` colonies,withtheoldBuddhaworship,proceedingfromCentralAsia,occupiedmediatelyor

`
immediately,evenearlierthanthehistoricalageoftheGreeks,thecountriesonthePhasis,

` Pontus,Thrace,theDanube,manyplacesinWesternEurope,andevenGreeceitself,whose
` ~ `
religiousinfluencemaybetracednotonlyinAsiaticmemorials,butintheoldhistorical
"`
fragmentsoftheGreek,thepeopleofAsiaMinor,andinHerodotus'accountoftheScythians

inhisfourthbook
. 'TheseBuddhicpriestshefindsintheB4 soi,whomHerodotusmentions
"alongwiththe
Mayor, I . 10 1 ; thedoctrinein
Ba=r
ofSanchoniathon : andthenameof

BuddhaintheBod-heroftheWends,(aSlavonictribe,)andtheBoghoftheSlavians,inthe

OdinoftheSaxonsandWodenoftheGermans,whoseday(Wednesday)issacredtoBuddha

eveninthecalendarsoftheBrahmins,intheKhodaofthePersiansandGothoftheGermans ;

intheBudini,amongtheScythiansontheOaros,theBudiaeansandBottiaeansofMacedonia

andlapygia,theheroBodo,founderofDodona,(originallyBodona,)inMinervaBudia,worshiped
inThessaly,(Lycophr. Cap
. 3 59,)inHerculesBsBcov
,~g,inHesychius,intheBudeionof
" Homer,11
. 16 ,572,inthefestivalBudoron,inSalamis,intheButadesandEteobutades,the
"
mostancientpriestsofMinerva,inAttica,theBotachidaeofArcadia,andtheButakidaeof

Naxos,CariaandSicily,buildersofthetempleatEryx
. TheBudoricumandBudorgisofthe
Sudetes,Maro-boduumoftheMarcomanni,Budissin,andButinfeld,theBoden-see,(Lakeof
"
Constance,)theBothnianGulforCodanusSinus,areproofsaccordingtohim,thatthesame
nameswerewidelydiffusedalsoamongtheGermanstotheNorth
. I npursuing'hisargument
"
heendeavourstoshewthattheColchiansontheEuxineSeawerenot,asHerodotussupposed,
" andashasbeengenerallyconsidered,anEgyptiancolony,leftbySesostris,butanI ndian

colony,byshewingthatthedarkcomplexion,curlyhair,andmanufactureoflinen,bywhich

heproved them . to
beEgyptian,areequallyexplicableofanI ndianorigin . ThenameColchi

heconsidersasalliedto the
KoiXoi, mentionedby4 rrian,ontheSoutherncoastofI ndia,
" ( v inc. seq. to Periplus,p
. 113 ,)and
the xoaaogxO~Xixcw ofPlotemy,vii
. 16 9 ; the Kwxos
ontheEuxine,withtheworshipofVenusColiasinAttica,andthenameKcu? iag,givenbythe
6 0 0

MeaningoftheWord Xpvoc~
"
GreekstoCeylonandCapeComorin
;
thePalus
Mat~reg (forsohespellsit)withtheMaha
"MaioftheBuddhistsinNepaul
;
thexoga4 otand
xopixoi ontheEuxine,withtheKti
puaxpov,

nowRamananKor,andKaipu
v
; i
o og,
nowRamisurKor,inSouthernI ndia,whichPlinycalls
(vi
. 24 )Solisinsula ; andthe
Y v{vTOi, alsodwellingontheEuxine,withtheI ndiontheSind .
"
ThiswordKor,isthenpursuedthroughavarietyofcombinations ; itisanameofthesun
;

theKurofthePersians,whencex"upoc,whosenamemeantsun
; AraxesorKorassacredto
" thesun ;
Chorasan
thelandofsun-worship,andthetownofKopoxav8&p . (Straboxi . 1)onthe

PalusMaetis,asanctuaryofsunworship,fromKorandtheBactrianKanda,signifyinga
" fortifiedtown ;
whenceMaracandaandSindocanda. (Ptol . vii . 180 . )
ThereisaHypanis,
'~oneoftheprincipalriversofthePenjab,andaHypanisfallingintotheBosphorus,Strab . xi . ;
"
wehaveaPhasisinColchis,anotherinArmenia,andanotherinCeylon(Taprobane)
. This

samecountry,thusconnectedwithI ndia,appearstohimtobe Also

inrelationwiththeNorth

ofEurope.
ThisisproperlyAsia
; herearethe
Aa-7repytavoi, Strabo,xi. ,(Asa-burgers)
"inhabitantsofAsgard
; hereistheBsofsea
; Kauk-asos,thiswasthecountryoftheAs-kenaz
" ofMoses
;
hencecameOdinandhisAsaintoScandinavia.
HecomparestheBuddhistdoc-

trine,that,duringthedeluge,Buddhaputhisfootoncertainplacestopreservethemfrombeing
"
coveredbyit,andleftthereanimpression,withtheaccountofHerodotus,iv
. 82,ofthe

giganticfootstepsofHercules,saidtobeleftinthelandoftheScythians
. "
13
. BerenicewascalledI I avXpv6 ogorPanchrysos,or allgold,
fromamountainnearit,where
thePtolemiesweresaidtogetgold
. I havesomesuspicionthatthegoldherewasliketheswans
andpoplarsinthePadusofI taly,soughtforinvain,andridiculedbyLucian
. I tismyfirm
belief,thatthedoctrineoftheXgggorI Morsacrednomen,cognomen,etomen,wasat
firstasecret,andthattheepithetof
golden wasappliedinadoublesense
: thenHavXpurog
wouldbe
thebeneficent or good
I lav . Therewereagoldenageandaholyage
: andagoldencity
andaholycity . However,the
Xp]Sos and Epws
onthemonumentoftheCrestoniaSindica
PROVE
that gold cannotbetheremeant.
I nthisopinionrespectingthemeaningofthewordXpusosI amcompletelyborneoutbyMr
.
Bryant,whoselearningnoonewilldeny
.
Hehasundertakentoskewthat,inmanyplaces,
wherethewords
yevos Xpu6 eov, or ysvog
XpuTetov or XQu6 etot 7raz. gss areusedbyGreekau-
thors,suchusHesiod,Pausanias,&c
. ,andtranslated
goldenage or goldenraceorgoldenfathers,
&c
. ,thoseexpressionsarenonsense .
I nordertogetoverthisdifficulty,heproposestheviolent
measureofexpungingtheGreekconsonantg,whichisnotonlycontrarytoalladmissiblerulesof
etymology,butcarriesalongwithittheconsequencethattheGreeksdidnotunderstandtheirown
language.
Butifweleavethepasitis,andonlysupposethechangeofthe
-4
fortheu,wehave
goodsense,andhave pious or holy or benevolent
race,orage,orfathers . ' I believethatoriginally
theGreek Xp-q g, meaning excellent
orgood,andalsoperhapsthesolar goldenyellowrays was
appliedtothemetalwecallgold,andintimebecamecorruptedinto Xpus
:
itmeanttheprecious
metal. 2
ThisobservationofthelearnedBryant'sisoftheveryfirstimportance,forifheberight,he
completelyjustifiesandbearsmeoutintheonlyquestionablepartofmytheoryontheXr''
TO
g
andXouaog. Hecannothavedonethisinaccommodationtomysystem
. Whatisheresaidis
' Bryant, Vol. I I I . pp. 16 4 ,&c .
' I beg my reader to refer toBookI X. Chap. I . ,Sect.
4 ,p. 4 52
.
BookX
. ChapterI I
. Section14

6 0 1
strengthenedbyanobservationofVallancey'sinanoteonSirW
. Jones'scallingCristna Krishen.
Krishen,theSun,Apollo; Haab.
chors, hincGranc. Khrusos,aurum . Cast. p. 14 0 9
. 1 HereVal.
lanceyagreeswithmeinidentifyingthe
xprla-os
andtheXpuoog .
14
. ThenativesofSiamandCeylonaresaidbybothtohaveoncehadthesamereligion
. As
wehaveseenariverCresoanainCeylon,soPtolemygivesus
a
riverCresoanainSiam,(whichis
calledagoldenChersonesus,)andinPtolemy'smapthereisacape
a
littletotheeastofwhatis
written,LocusundesolvuntinChrysennavigantes . I amofopinionthattheGoldenChersonesus
oughttobetheHolyorSacredChersonesus .
GreekscholarsexplainChersonesusby
xegTos land and "Tog island, thatis,land-island
. This
onlychewshowsoontheyaresatisfied
. TherewerevariousChersonesuses-asChersonesus
Aurea,Cimbrica,Taurica,andThracia,whicharenowthoughttobeMalacca,Jutland,Crim
Tartary,andRomania,andmanyothers . 2
Theexplanationofland-islandI considerridiculous,
andthatitonlyprovesthemeaningunknown
; and,inconsequence,I gotocollateralcircum-
stances :
findingseveralofthemhavingnoappearanceofapeninsula,buthavinganevidentcon-
nexionwiththeXp'ng-tiaramythos,I consideritnotimprobablethatitmaybeacorruptionof
theword Xp-I s,
andmayhavebeentheislandofCrs,orKrsorCeres,orholyorsacredisland .
I thasalsobeenexplainedtomean desertus-desert
place. Althoughthisisnotfoolish,likeland-
island,yetI thinkmyexplanationmoreprobable,whenallthecollateralcircumstancesaretaken
intoaccount
. Uponthewhole,I considerthattheChrisenofPtolemy(seehismap)towhich
peoplesailed,wasclearlytheCherson-nesusaurea,andthatChrisenhadthesamemeaningas
Cherson.
TheislandofJavaiscalledbythenatives
TanaJawa, thatis,I euetana,(thelastsyllablethe
sameasinMauritania,&c . ,)
andNusaI awa,thatis,islandI eue ; herewehavetheGreek "
ros .
ApartofitiscalledthedistrictofKedu
:
this-isnothingbutloduaspiratedandcorrupted
. 3
TheresidenceoftheprinceiscalledCraton ;
thisI havenodoubtis Xprison orCrestoniaor
Croton,andthetownwhereitis,iscalledY ugya-carta-thisisalsoCarta-I udia
. Theminister
ofthekingiscalledAde-pati,thatis,fatherAd
. MataramisMatarea . BataviaisBuddha-via .
TheyhavealsoCheri-bon
. Thekingiscalledbyanamewhichmeansheadorchief Rato: this
isRasit
. I ntheGreeklanguagethenationalterminationmakestheword
Xp-qs
or
Xprio-T
into
Xprig-og : intheTamulthenationalterminationmadeit
Xpnr-sv or
Xgerr-ev
orCrisen. 4
This
wasevidentlytheChersonesus,anditwasnotthegoldenChersonesus,but(asMr
. Bryant's
argumentproves)thesacredpeninsulaisland,or "Tog . Thegoldencherson-nesusisatautology,
likeriverJordan,arisingfromtheGreeksnotunderstandingthemeaningofthemythos .
ThewordChersonesuscannotbeheldtomeanpeninsulaexclusively,asageneralterm,be-
causewefinditmeansalsopromontory
. Besides,I repeat,thetermland-islandisabsurd . I
believetheXcgTovinthecaseofSiamistheChrysenwhichwefindinPtolemy'smap,andthe
"Tog answerstothe nasus
oftheRomans,andmeanspromontory ; and,thatthewholeof-what
wecallthegoldenChersonesuswasthegoldenortheholypromontoryofChrysen
. I believe
the
vnaog,
nexus,nasus,andourwordneck,hadallthesameorigin,andmeantanyprojection .
OnthecoastofMalabar,inlat. 15N
. ,thereisnopeninsula,norcanSouthI ndiabecalledape-
ninsula,thoughitmaybedenominatedacapeorpromontory
. Butthereisasmallpromontory
attheabove-namedlatitude
. AllthatI havesaidrespectingthemeaningofChersonesus,is
confirmedbyanexpressioninWilkinson'sAtlas,inhismapofAchaia,No
. 28,inEuboea,
' Cola. Hib. Vol. I V . Pt. i. p. 54 0 .

2
Enc
. Brit.

'Hamilton'sGaz .

' SeePtolemy.
6 0 2

MythosinAfrica,Marcus
ChersonesusvelNasus
. I nHall'sAtlasthereisaCapeNose,inlat . 24 ,closetoEmeraldI sles .
I ntheSeaofMarmoraisfoundtheislandofProconnesus
. I ntheChersonesusoftheHellespont
maybeseen,lat
. 4 0 ,,Alopecon-nesusappliedtoaneckofland : thusitisplainthatnesus
meansboth
. ChalcidonorChrysopolisisevidentlyCityofChrysosorChersos . I ntheold
language,withoutvowels,theywouldbeboththesame. Though vieog means
island,it isvery
clearthatitdoesnotmeanislandexclusively,butthatitalsomeanspeninsula,andanswersto
theHebrew'tt ai,
andtheGreek
ata,
whichmylexicontellsmemeansatonceland,island,and
country
. TosupportthecommonexplanationallpeninsulasoughttohavebeenChersonesuses,
whichwasnotthecase,atleastwehavenoreasontobelievethattheywere
. I shallbetoldby
Sanscritscholarsthat ia,
inSanscrit,meansvictory ; nodoubtithasseveralmeanings,thesame
asthe ii and ie
andisoftheHebrews . TheGod
law,
Jah,wasalwaystheGodofthehostof
heaven,ofarmies,andofvictory.
Xeprog,
Jonessays,meansashell,andcomesfromtheHe-
brew
win
hrs,chers . I
daresayitcomesfromtheHebrew
His, orChres,orCres,orCeres,or
Cyrus
. AxiokersoswasCeres,thatis,AxiosworthyorgoodXegrog . Nimrod'says,theDii
MagniofSamothrace-Axieros,Axiocersos,andAxiocersa,plainlycorrespondwiththeI ndian
namesAsyoru,orAsyoruca,Asyotcersa,andAtcersaorAsyotcersas .
Georgius 2 says,NamobviisuntmultifortecumarticuloPi a
Greecisdictus
Bi-cheres, . 4 cen-
cheres,Mer-cheres,Tar-cheres,
etMoorXspig,
Mos-cheris, abEratosthene,nemihi]itemmoveasde
significationevocis,(queenonminus&gyptiaca,quamHebraicaest Din
hrs,cheres,)
Greeceversus
` Hatoaorogsoledatus,autsolisnatus,quemadmodumeruditorumpluresantehacobservarunt .
Again, 3
CheresSol, undeMen-cheres . HerewehavetheChresinEgypt,asmightbeexpected .
I begitmaybeobserved,thatinmyexplanationofthewordXg'~g,I havenotavailedmyself
oftheusualpracticeofetymologistsofchanginglettersforoneanother ; asforinstance,dentals
intodentals,labialsintolabials,&c . ,becausetheyaredentalsorlabials,butwhenI havechanged
aletter,itisbecauseI haveauthorityforit : forexample,Crest-ona,Cort-ona,Crest-onia,Cris-sa
.
AndineverycasethechangeswhichI havemadearesupportedbycollateralwrittenorcircum-
stantialevidence
. Minervawascalled
B88sia,
orBudea4 inThessaly . Thisiswhatwemight
expecttofindinthecountryoftheSindi,andwherethewivessacrificedthemselves
on thedeaths
oftheirhusbands . I tsupportsmysysteminawonderfulmanner. Themarksofthesuccession
ofthereligionsofBuddhaandCristnaareeverywhereapparent.
15
. AlearnedJew,ofthenameofMarcus,hasgivenanextractfromPhilosturgius,aGreekof
thefourthcentury,whosays,thattheinhabitantsoftheEastshoreofAfrica,asfarasCape
Guardafui,werecalledFupot,andweretout-a-faitbasanesparlachaleurdusoleil,ornearly
blacks. These~ ;
upotI
supposetohavebeenthesamepeoplewhowerecalledFupotand (avvoi
intheMesopotamiabetweentheI ndusandtheGanges . M
. Marcusobserves,thattheGeez
translatetheword
Z upoi
by Saman, whichresembles Samen.
ClaudiencallstheAbyssinians
Judcei. Now theseJudoeiorSamanorSamenweretheSamaneanswhomwehavefoundin
Meroe,andprovedtobetheEastI ndianGymnosophistsofthatstate,andwhoweresometimes
called,bytheGreekandRomanwriters,thepeopleofthe
nether I ndia,and,atothertimes,of
I ndia alone. 5
WehaveseenthederivationoftheGazas,andthatAjmerewasGazimera . Thisisexactly
liketheGazaofSyria,andGazaofEgypt,thesea-portofMemphis
. ThesewouldbeGazameres,
'
Vol. I I . p. 50 5 .

a
Alph. Tib.
P.
72.

'I bid . p84 .

4 Littl. Diet.
6 JournalAsiatiqueNouveau,No. 18,19,June,1829 .
BookX
. ChapterI I . Section15

6 0 3
infact. GazaisGoza
; foritisspeltwithan oin notwithan
aleph. Mons . Marcus,thelearned
andingeniousJew,thinkstheGeezofAbyssinia,andthePhilistines,meant
exiles . I
thinkthey
wereriotcalledbythesenamesbecausetheymeantexiles
; . butthattheywerecalledexiles,be-
causetheywerefromGazimeraandPallitanaofI ndia
.
Juba,intheearlypartoftheChristiansera,wrotethatthecountrybetweenSyeneandMeroe
wasoccupiedbyArabians,andthatthiscountryhadthesamenamesofplacesasArabia
:
for
instance,PtolemyplacesinNubia,Primis,Sacole,Nacis,Tathis,andNapata
; inArabia,Priom,
Sakie,Nascos,Thades,andthenationoftheNapatei . M
. MarcusallowsthattheAbyssinians
calltheircountryGys,which,hesays,signifies
emigration, becausetheyemigratedfromPhilis-
tinainSyria
. Buthedoesnotobservethatthesepeoplewerecalledbythesamenameinthe
countrytheyleft
. ThisI havealreadyaccountedforinobservingthattheywerecalledemigrants,
becausetheywereGeez-notGeez,becausetheywereemigrants
:
fortheyandthePalliwere
equallyemigrantsorexilesinWesternSyriaandNubia .
M
. Marcusobserves,itisastonishingthatnotwithstandingthehighantiquityofthefirstesta-
blishmentsoftheJewsinAbyssinia,theindustryofthesepeoplethrowsnolightonthesojourn
oftheirfathersinPalestine,orofthecivilizationofthePhoenicians,Assyrians,&c
. Thereason
ofthisisverysimple-becausetheycameatthesametimewiththosewhoarecalledtheirfa-
thers,andbeforeMoseslived :
andthisisthereasonwhytheyhadnoPentateuchtilltheyob-
tainedonefromtheChristians . M
. Marcusalsoobserves,thatthefoundingaswellasthe
declineofthekingdomofMeroeareinvolvedinequalobscurity
.
ThecountryoftheChaldeanswasNorthernI ndia
; inwhichtherewasadistrictcalledSyra,
(Syra-strene),andPallitana
; andasthepeoplewereJudiorJudaei,theyspoketheChaldeeor
Syro-Chaldeelanguage
. ThesametookplaceinSouthI ndia : MysoreisMaha-Suraorthe
GreatSyria. '
HeretherewasalsoaColidaorChaldea,thepeopleJudiorJudaeispeakingthe
Syro-Chaldeelanguage
; andtherealsowerefoundtheSamaneans .
I nAbyssinia,thecountrywascalledI ndiaand nether I ndia ; inalargedistrictofwhich,the
peoplewerecalled2; ugoi-asufficientproofthatthecountrywascalledSuraorSuria : therealso
peoplewerecalledJudwi,andtheylikewisespoketheChaldeeorSyro-Chaldeelanguage
. I nall
thesecountriesthePallestiniandSamaneansarefound ; andwhatismoreremarkable,the
PhannoiorPhoeniciansarefoundinEgypt,andintwooftheEasternSyrias,together,asthe
readerhasseen,withseveralotherstrikingcoincidences . I nthreeofthem,alltheMosaic
mythosisfound,butwithoutthePentateuch,whichwasalatercompilationofthepeopleofthe
fourthcountry,andinallthefour,CrestiansorChrestiansarefound,thoughtheiroriginsarefor-
gottenandvariouslyaccountedfor
. ThepersonswhomManethocalls
RoyalShepherds healso
calls Phcenices and Hellenes . 2
ThetribeofJudawasnotstoppedinitsmigrationwestwardbythesea ; or,perhapswhenit
wasdrivenoutfromEgypt,partofitmovedtotheWest,alongthecoastoftheMediterranean,
tillitgotroundtoGuinea,andthereitisyet,withitsnativecurlyhead,possessingabeautiful
country,fulloffinerivers,amongwhicharefoundariverPhratandaJachin . 3
I twouldbevery
curioustoexaminethelanguageofthispeople
. Edrisi,inthetwelfthcentury,saysthatJews
occupiedthecountryontheriver Lamlem, andthatitiscalled
Y ahandi . Thisisconfirmedby
Mr. Bowditch,inhisaccountoftheAshanteecountry . Everythingprovesthattheywereofthe
tribeJudi,though,astheyhavenoPentateuch,itisclearthattheycamenotfromthetribe
Buchanan.

Y
Bryant'sAnal . Vol . I I I . p. 250 .
3
SeeMem
. deBerlin, Tom
. XVI I
. b y M. deFrancheville .
6 0 4 Gaza-Mere
oftheWesternAsiaticJudaea,oratleastthattheydidnotemigratefromitafterthetimeofMoses
.
Nearlat. 10 , N
. ,willbefoundacountrycalledSoolimana,andnearitareplacescalledKisseand
BoodyieaandCambodiaandNalanbes-allI ndiannames
. I
I havelatelyfoundthatitisstatedintheTalmudofJerusalem,thatJoshua,beforeheentered
Canaan,senttoinformtheinhabitants,thatsuchaswishedtoescapemightdoso,andthat,in
consequenceofthispermission,greatnumbers,despairingofbeingabletodefendthemselves,fled
intoAfrica
. '
Piecesofevidenceofthiskind,unexpectedlyoccurringtosupportmytheory,are
verystriking . TheseCanaanitesmayhavebeenthepeoplewhosetupthepillarsattheStraits
ofGibraltar,(noticedinthelastpageoftheAppendixtomy CELTI CDRUI DS,)
describedbythe
GentileProcopius . Theymayhaveadvancedalongthecoasttilltheycametowheretheyare
nowfound .
I ntheMelpomeneofHerodotus,Sect
. lxiii
. ,willbefoundanaccountofoneSataspeswhoat-
temptedtosailroundAfrica,bygoingthroughthePillarsofHercules
. Aftersailingalongtime
hecametoanationin
E r&yri oivlxr~7r1 .
Thishasmuchpuzzledthelearned
. Thesepeople
wereanearlytribeofloudi,andtheyweredressedinPhoeniciandresses . Thatisall
. Butthis
andothercircumstancesprovethetruthofHerodotus'shistory
. Theywereprobablythepeople
justnownoticed,whofledfrombeforethefaceofJoshuatherobber,thesonofNun
.
16 . TheGazaofSyriaisevidentlythesameinnameastheAj-mereofI ndia,treatedofinBook
VI I I . ,forinPtolemytheyhaveboththesamename
: onebeingcalledGaza-mera,theotherGaza .
TheWesternGazawasalsocalledI ona ; thusI onaisthesameasAj,or,readintheHebrew
style,Ja,thefamousloofSyria,bothmaleandfemale ; the T E convertedintotheo(intheir
dialectmakingthelo)fromtheHebrewmaleandfemale I F_
ButthetownofGazaorI onain
theHebrewisspelt
iirv
Oze. This weseeanswerstotheAjiofI ndia ; andasthetzisnotoneof
the sixteen letters,itisprobablethatithasoriginallybeenliketheI ndian,theiorj
. Thus,again,
wegetatlasttothe ri' ie orJahoftheHebrews,whichwasofbothgenders,orperhapsmore
correctlyweshouldsay,ofneither
. The
-I pie
wassubstitutedforthe
'1w sdi,
whichParkhurst
clearlyshewstohavebeentheDeaMultimannnia. Thusitseemsthattheobjectofthechange
was,togetridoftheworship, exclusivelyfemale, ofHellenism .
Col . Todsays,thattheword Mer meansHill
. Now,asI havealreadyremarked,asfarasI
canmakeout,neareachofthesehilltownsthereisalwaysasacredlake,oftenuponthehill,and
frequentlymadeatverygreatexpense. Riversgenerallyflowfromthesehills,andthespring-
headwasconvertedintoalake,inapeculiarmannersacred
. Theselakesbybeingusedforthe
purposesofagriculture,wererealandgreatblessingstothecountriesbelowthem
. Therewasa
greatandsacredlakeatAjmere,GazaofI ndia . Amer,themrorartificialocean,isfoundat
Gazaor
my
oze ofWesternSyria,intherealocean :
itisfoundatMemphis,ofEgypt,inGize
nearthefamousLakeMeeris,theheadorbankofwhichwasofverygreatlength-Egyptofwhich
MemphisorGizewasonceasea-port. I fthe sea werenotthere,the lake was
. Thereisalsoin
CeylonaLakeorTank,thebanksfacedwithstone,ofasizealmostbeyondcredibility
. We
havealsomersormeersverycommoninEngland
. NowI cannothelpobserving,thatthese
wordsMrareallcomposedofthetwoletterswhichformthewordforMariaorthefemalegenerative
principle
. I apprehendthecaseofthe Mere. is
preciselysimilartothatofthe
Oceanus .
The
elementroundMount1leruwascalledOceanus,and,inimitationofMeru,noonewilldoubtthat
alltheMountOlympuseswereconsecrated
. I nimitationoftheseRomewasbuilt,androundit
' SeelargeMapattheOrientalClub,HanoverSquare,London
.
s
TalmudHierosol . apudMaimonid . Halach. Melachim,Cap
. vi . Sect. v . ; Sayle'sPrel
. Dis.
toKoran,Sect. vi .
p. 192.
BookX
. ChapterI I
Section16

6 0 5
afossewasdugansweringtotheOceanuscalled Mundus andOrbis,andUrbs(allthesame)
butthisMundusiscalledbyPlutarch,inGreek, 1
Olympus. Hereisthemountmostclearly
usedfortheoceanus . ThusitwaswithMere
. I twasamountandamarisorsea-as,Horn-sea-
mereandWittlesea-mereandMountMeru,andAj-mere,andCasi-mereorCash-mere .
I tisaverycuriousnaturalphenomenon,thatuponthetopofalmosteverymountainaspring
isfound
. Thiswasthemereormeer :
andfromthisthehillcametobecalledmere ; inlike
mannerlakesonthetopsofhillscametobecalledmounts
. Themereor lakeis themotherof
theriver ; themereor mountis
alsothemotheroftheriver. TherewasalakeinWalescalled
PembleorPendleMeer,inwhichwasasacredisland . 2 Wehavealsomountsofthemere : we
haveSled-mere,andPen-mawr,andPen-maenmawr.
ThewordmereormeerewasusedforalakebyPliny, 3 whosays, ` 1 wherenowisthemere- or
lakeSale ? " ThiswasnearErythraeaonthecoastofAsiaMinor
;
andinthenextsentencehe
says,itwasnearamountColpe. TherewasanErythraeanearGades,andCalpe,nowGibraltar,
isclosebyit. ByMountMeruwasprobablymeantMountofthemere-Mountrisingoutof
theMere-MotherOcean-MotherI sis
.
ThelakeMareotis,MoerisiscalledMaria,
4 andtheislandMeroe. I twascalled
island, pro-
bably,tomakeitassimilatetoMeru,thoughitwasnotnaturallyanisland
. Allthesesupersti-
tionsareevidentlycloselyconnected : anditiscleartomethattheadorationofthemaleand
femalegenerativeprincipleisatthebottomofthemall ;
andtheterriblewarswhichtookplace,
withalternatesuccessesandreverses,betweenthesects,furnishcauseenoughtoaccountforthe
mixturewhichweeverywherefind . I thinkthe
rt'
ie or Jah, theSelf-existent,wasthefounda-
tiononwhichallwasbuilt ; andwhatcouldbemorelikely ? I twasthe 4 ji
inI ndia ; to in
Syria ;
Ei
atDelphi ; andatGazainPali-stan,itwas
rity
oze, corruptedfrom A .
Themerand
the ~4 ji wefindalwaystogether ; itwastheMountMeruwithitsoceansurroundingit. Butwe
havefoundthelakesorinlandseascalledMareotisandMaretis,andinEnglandMeres . We
havefoundthemountsinI ndiacalledMeres,onwhich,generally,wereartificiallakes
; orthe
meercontainedasacredislandandtemple,asinCashmereorCashimere. Wehavefounda
MeroeinEgypt,beinganisland,artificiallymade,forthesakeofmakingamereroundit
. This
wasanimitationofMountMerusurroundedwithitsocean,andinimitationoftheMountof
Maria,onwhichtheGodssatonthesidesoftheNorth,atJerusalem,mistranslatedMoriab,
whichwasformedasnearlyliketheothersascircumstanceswouldpermit . For,thoughitwas
impossibletomakeasearoundthisfortress-thisacropolis,yet,inlieuthereof,ithaditsbrazen
seawithin
. I nWales,inI reland,inArabia, 5 wemeetwithmeresorlakescontainingsacred
islands . AllthesearisefromthefirstimaginaryMeru-thepoleoftheearth,withitsstarof
Judeoverit,intheheavens . AllthesemountsweremountsorislandsofMeruorMariaor
Maia
; andthesacredArgba,inwhichthelingaorpolewaserected,wasanemblemoftheMaria
ortheocean,fromthiscalledMare
.
Theword Aja meansself-existing,accordingtoCol
. Wilsford .
a
Howisitpossibletodoubt
thatwehaveherethe
ri' ieof Genesis ? Thefemaleenergyofnatureisdescribedbytheword
1. 7

ThisistheI orI ioftheTarguins .

I tistruethatAjmerishillofvictory,orhillofAjya,asCol . Todsays ; 8 becauseJahorI Eor
ri' ie or rnr acnewas theGodofvictory,asheisrepeatedlycalledintheOldTestament .
'
Rorn
. chx . ; Nimrod,Vol
. 1 . p. 3 13 .

s
Davies,CelticMyth. p
. 191 .
'
SeeNat. Hist. Lib . v. Cap. xxix .

4 Euseb . Hist . Cap. xvi .

s
VideDavies'sCelticResearches .

6 Asiat. Res . Vol . V. p. 24 7,ed . 8vo.

7 I bid .
8 P. 11 .
6 0 6
Bacchus
Aja,inSanscrit,meansgoat ; andGaza,inHebrew,alsomeansgoat ; 'thisprovestheidentity
ofthetwo
: butAjameansbothgoat,andsheep,andAries . 2 Thegoatcopulateswithasheepand
breedsforward
; (goatinHebrewis yyoz ; ) beingofthesameclassofanimals,likethegreyhound
andpointer,andnotlikethehorseandass. Herewehavethereasonwhythegoatisoftenfound
insteadoftheram .
Thebull,theram,andthegoat,arethethreeanimalsofwhichthesacrifices
oftheancientschieflyconsisted
. Thetwolast,I doubtnot,wereconsidered,astheyare,ofone
genus .
WhenI reflectuponthefact,thattheoriginaswellas,inagreatpart,themeaningoftheir
mythologieswerelostbytheGreeks,I aminclinedtogototheEastforanexplanationofthe
GaiaofPlato,andcalculateuponhisignoranceofhisownmythology . 3 I findoneofthemost
holyplacesofI ndiacalledGayaorGaia,famousasthebirthplaceofBuddha . I tisinlat. 24 ,4 9 ;
long. 85.
I nthiscasetheGaiamusthavebeenamysticaltermforthegenerativepower .
Gaia
wouldbesynonymoustoChaoniaorCaonia
. I fI beright,thiscaseisexactlysimilartothatof
the
konxorn pax
ofEleusisnoticedbefore ; thatis,itisanI ndianwordadoptedbytheGreeks .
I suspectithas,insomeway,comefromthesamesourceastheAj,Aja,Agi,Aje. Acityis
oftenalludedtointhemythichistoriescalledAiai-thatis,
placeof Ai ; thesamemeaningasthe
AjeandGaia.
17. OfthedifferentnamesofBacchus,therewasnotonemorecommonthanthatofDio-nusus,
orDio-nisos,ortheholyNisus . The Diomeans holy, andtheusorosismerelyaLatinorGreek
termination . ThenNisisthename. I nPagninus'sExodusthenameofJehovahNisiiswritten
twoways,oneinthetext,theotherinthemargin-,D3 nsi and
DDSnss
.
ButtheSamechsbeing
newletters,ifwewantitsmeaning,wemustputitinthelettersoftheoldorCadmeanorsix-
teen-lettersystem ; thenitwillbe vi nsi and
v,
nss, andwillmean
10

Again S; Z '=3 0 0

S
; L'=3 0 0
3 0 0

St; '=3 0 0

I ' = 10
N
1=50

Ni=50

N~=50
3 6 0

6 50

3 6 0
Cananymanbelievethatthesepeculiar,sacrednumberscomeoutbyaccident? -Thefirst,the
supposedlengthofthesolaryear,andthenumbersacredtoBacchus,ortheSun ?
Letusrecol-
lectthatPythagoras'slearnedsecretswereallfoundedonnumbers . WehaveheretheJehovah
Nisi.
'wsnint
ieuensi. w
SinandpSamechareindiscriminatelyused,asappearsfromtheau-
thorityofEliasinThisbi,andtheconstantpracticeoforientalwriters . 4
I tappearsfromthebookorhistoryoftheExod,thatitwasontheleavingofEgyptthat
MoseschangedtheobjectofadorationfromTaurustoAries . I twasthenthatherepresented
Godashavingordered,thatheshouldbecalledlaw,
1111vieue, andnotbyhisoldnameof'` Rj
sdi orMultimammia. I tappearsthatthechangetookplaceonthemountainof
Sin, or Nisi,
or
Bacchus,whichwasevidentlyitsoldnamebeforeMosesarrivedthere
. TheI sraeliteswerepu-
nishedforadheringtotheoldworship,thatoftheCalf,inoppositiontothepaschalLamb,which
Moseshadsubstituted-"theLambwhichtakethawaythesinsoftheworld,"inplaceofthe
BullorCalfwhichtookawaythesinsoftheworld
.
SeeFaberfortheprayertothebull
Taurus
the saviour-and Bryant,endofhisVol . I I I
. ,forthesame .
I supposetheexpression the Bull or
Calftakingawaythesinsoftheworld
willbemostun-
mercifullyridiculed
. I thasbeeninpartdonebyaveryworthypriest,towhomI openedthe
'
Drum
. LEd . Jud . p. 3 6 1 .

9
FromDr
. Wilkins's
MS. givenme by Prof. Haughton
.
3
SeeBk. Ch
. 11 . Sect. 4 ,ofthiswork.

4
Gerran'snoteonBenj . deTudela, Ch. xvii,
BookX
.ChapterII
.S ec ti on 1 7

6 0 7
subjec t .
ButIbegtobei n formedbythedealersi n ri di c ule,whyac alfshouldn ottakeawaythe
si n softheworldaswellasalamb ?
VerbumS api en ti .Ifi tbesai dthattheLambwasthe
emblemofthesec on dperson i n theTri n i ty,IreplythattheBullwas,i n aformerperi od,the
same
.ThewordfortheS un i si n Hebrew S ur,
i n Chaldee Tur . In theHebrewthi swouldbe
TR,thesameas Taurus.
HerewehaveT=40 0 ,R=20 0 =6 0 0
:butIthi n ki twouldprobably
havebeen T=40 0 R=20 0 H=8,
mn
trh.
Maywen oti n theTPHfi n dthemean i n gofthe
thre i n then ameEry-thre-a ?
Addressezvotrepri erean Taureauexc ellen t
:
addressezvotrepri ereauTaureaupur
: addressez
votrepri ere a c espri n c i pesdetoutbi en
:
addressezvotrepri ere, a laplui e,sourc ed'abun dan c e
addressezvotrepri ereauTaureaudeven upur,c eleste,sai n t,qui n 'aspaseteen gen dre : qui est
sai n t,&c . I
When theGreeksbec amerefi n ed,theydi dn otli ketoseethei rBac c huswi ththe
horn sofabull,li keMoses : but,astheyc ouldn otmythologi c allybedi spen sedwi th,i n thesta-
tueswhi c harereallyold,theyaretherehi dden un dervi n eori vyleaves
. "
Come,heroDi on usus,
"
tothytempleon thesea-shore : c ome, HEIFER-footeddei ty,tothysac ri fi c e,an dbri n gthegrac es
"
i n thytrai n ! Hearus,Bull,worthyofourven erati on
; hearus,0 i llustri ousBull
." 2
AstheGodsallc arri edbeadsappropri atetothesolarsi gn towhi c htheyweresac red,aBull's
headtoTaurus,aS heep'sheadtoAri es,sothei rgamesboreappropri aten ames,an dwerec alled
Tauroboli aan dCri oboli a ." Butwhen c ethemorec ommon Greekn ameDlovvo
-
ogi sderi ved,or

whati tsi gn i fi es,i sn otsoeasytodetermi n e,oreven toc on jec ture,wi than yreason able
proba-bi li ty .
Thefi rstpartofi tappearstobefromDETZ,QIOForAID,thean c i en tn ameof

thesupremeun i versalGod :
butwhethertheremai n deri ssi gn i fi c an toftheplac efromwhi c h

thi sDei tyc amei n toGreec e,orofsomeattri butebelon gi n gtohi m,wec an n otpreten dtosay

an dthec on jec turesofetymologi sts,bothan c i en tan dmodern ,c on c ern i n gi t,aren otworthy

" n oti c e ." 3 Aswehaveseen before,i ti ssai dbyAuson i ustobeIn di an ,an dbythemysti c si t
wasc alledPhan an i n -thati s,Phen .Ithi n kthi sallowan c ebythelearn edPayn eKn i ghtofthe
gen erali gn oran c eopen sthedoormostbeauti fullytomyexplan ati on above
:
an dIthi n ki n almost
everyc ase,i fn oti n everyon e,whereIhaveexplai n edthesepropern amesfromn umbers,li ke
then ame Ni si
ofBac c hus,theyadmi tn ootherderi vati on ,an dthi s,i n theen d,wi llbefoun dto
bean observati on ofthefi rsti mportan c e .Thi si sthec ommon c asewi ththen amesoftheGods
;
theyseldomoreveradmi tan etymologi c alexplan ati on .Thereason ofthi sIshallexplai n i n a
futurebook
.On thei den ti tyofBac c husan dIac c hus,Mr
.Payn eKn i ghtsays,"Theyarei n
"
fac tthesamen amei n di fferen tdi alec ts,thean c i en tverbFAXS 2,i n Lac aon i an ,BAXS 2,havi n g

bec omebytheac c essi on oftheaugmen tFIFAXS 2,

uaXw . "
TheIAXi slac c husan dour
Jac k .
TheTaran i softheDrui ds,n oti c edi n my CELTIC DRUIDS , 5
asthei robjec tofworshi p,an d,i n
fac t,havi n gthesamen ameastheS c an di n avi an GodThor,an dastheBeli n us,theHesus,an d
theThau,an dc alledthei rHi ghS pi ri tbyVetti usValen s, 6
i s,i n Hebrew, l1 n Trra,
T=40 0 ,
R=20 0 ,N=5 0 ,total6 5 0 -then umberofston esi n thetempleofAbury,an di n theHebrew
n ameMi tra
.Theori gi n aln ame,probably,was Tarn ,
thei sbei n gac orrupti on oftheGreek
os.
' Bryan t'sAn al . Vol .III .p .5 9 7
.
2
Queest .Graec , p .29 9 ; Davi es's Celti c Myth .
P
.1 7 4
.
Payn eKn i ght,Class.Journ 1 821 ,p .9 .

* Ibi d
sPp .1 3 0
( mi spri n ted TARAMIs)an d27 8.
eIbi d.p .
27 8.
6 0 8

Cusar
.theNi n thAvatar
In my CELTIC DRUIDS , Chap .VI .S ec t .XXV
.,Ihavegi ven thefollowi n gexplan ati on of
Mei thras
Thewordi soften wri tten Mi tra,parti c ularlyi n In di a ; thuswehavetwosac redn umbersfor
i t,aswehaveforBac c hus .Isthi sac c i den t
? Whatsaystheen emytodoubleetymologyto
thi s ?
Welearn partofthePythagorean sec retfromtheGreeks,an dapartfromtheHebrews
On thi s,verymuc hhereafter .
CHAPTERIII
CtesartheNi n thAvatar-Zari n a-Cvsarhon ouredasaGod-TwelveCwsars-
Adri ati c -S i byl'sProphec yofCaesar-Ili adasac redMythos-Cxsar'sDeath
followedbyDarkn ess-S tar-Roma-Ni ebuhr-Palladi um-Hi storyofItaly
-llun dus-Rajah-Pala
- Hellen -Atti la-Hi eroglyphi c s .
1 . WE aren owprepared,Ithi n k,foran otherdi vi n ei n c arn ati on -the
Ni n th-an d
weshallfi n d
hi mi n thec elebratedJuli usCresar .
In thehi storyofJuli usCaesar,an d,i n deed,i n thatofhi swholerac e,therei ssomethi n gpec u-
li arlyc uri ousan dmysti c al
.Hewasofthefami lyoftheJuli i ,whoweredesc en dedfromVen us,
byherson ,En eas,theson oftheTrojan An c hi ses .FromEn easan dCreusadesc en dedAsc an i us,
alson amedJuli us,wholi vedi n themysti c Alba,ti llthatc i tywasrui n edbyTullusHosti li us,
who,i ti ssai d,i n steadofdestroyi n gthefami lyofhi sen emyasusual,removedi ttoRome,where
i tflouri shedforman ygen erati on s,un ti li tac hi evedthesoverei gn tyn oton lyofRome,butalmost
oftheworld,towhi c h,i n averyparti c ularman n er,i tmaybesai d tohavebroughtpeac e .
The
greatestoftheCeesarswasCai usJuli us,whowasborn abouthalfac en turybeforeJesusChri st
.
ThewordJuli usi sthesameasthean c i en tY ule,whowasS aturn .TheQui n ti lemon th,the
mon thi n whi c hthegreatJuli usi ssai dtohavebeen born ,wassac redtoY ule
.S eeNi mrod, I
whohasshewn howtheS aturn ali abec ameourChri stmasgambols .Wemustn otforget,that
theMon sCapi toli n a,theRoman c api tol,whereJuli usestabli shedhi sempi re,wasfi rstc alled
S aturn i a .
TheRev.Dr .Barret 2 says, 1 thewoman oftheRevelati on c lothedwi ththesun ,an dhavi n gon
' Vol.I .pp .1 5 5 ,1 5 6 ,1 5 8.

' P.1 43 .
No .1 .
No .2. No .3 .
M
--
40
AI -- 40 u= 40
E --

5 I

-- 1 0 Or,i n Hebrew,
'= 1 0
I - 1 0 Buti twouldbebetter, 8 --

9
thus :

--
n = 40 0
-9 asmorean c i en t,thus : P --
1 0 0 n = 20 0
P - 1 0 0 A --

I '-
A -

1
g --
20 0
6 5 0
1 - 20 0
3 6 0
3 6 5
BookX.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 1

6 0 9
.t
herheadac rown oftwelvestars,bri n gsforthac hi ld, whi c hi s% i poullorChri st
." Thi si sY ule,
Juli us,orLulus .
In hon ourofthi sc hi ld,on the25 thofDec
.,wehavetheY ulec logan dthe
Chri stmasgambols,an don thi sday,i n themorn i n g,theoldwomen goaboutwi thac hi ldbeggi n g
fromdoortodoor,si n gi n g, tousa c hi ldi sborn ,&c . Fromthi sc ame,i fi tben oti tself,theHuli
festi val,toc elebratetheVern alequi n ox,orthen ewyear,wi ththeHi n doosan dPersi an s
.Now
what,atlast,i sthemean i n goftheY uleoran n ualgames-when c ec omestheJuli usortheGen i usof
theS aec ulumorCyc le ? Ibeli evethati tc omesfromtheHebrew
a5 1 y ouln z,sc ec ulum .
Abraham '
i n vokedGodi n then ameofIeuethe ~ 41 ei m ofthe S c ec ulum .
An dCyruswasc alledPaterfuturi
sc ec uli .
ThusJuli usmean ssaec ularorsaec ulum-ai wv TOW aLwvwv.
Theletter I i sprefi xedto
the 5 5 % y oull,
maki n gJuli us,forthesamereason thati ti sprefi xedi n thewordIIXOeus,i n the
S i bylli n eac rosti c ,tobedi sc ussedpresen tly
.Thepassagei n Gen esi sxxi
.3 3 ,ren deredbyme,
i n BookII
.Chap.I.S ec t .4, IeueDeumc etern um,i s ren deredbyPagn i n us
i n n omi n eDomi n i Dei
sc ec uli . Thi s,Idoubtn ot,wasthetruemean i n g .Hei n vokedGodi n then ameofJehovahor
Ieue,theGodofthesaec ulum,
.c yc le,orage ;
an di n man yotherplac esIeuei sc alledtheGod
( =5 i v oulm)
ofthesaec ulum,an dfromthi sc ameourword holy .
Thesi mi lari tybetween theexpressi on si n thefourthec logueofVi rgi lan di n theprophec yof
Isai ah,i sveryobservable
; an dhasbeen n oti c edbyBi shopHorsley,an d,aswehavebeforesai d,
byman yotherdi vi n es .Thereadermustn owsee,thatastheywerepoemsrelati n gtothesame
mythos,thi swasalmostan ec essaryc on sequen c e .Fromthepec uli arlymysti c c harac terofCreusa,
daughterofPri am,an dwi feof,En eas,( vi deLempri ere,)Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthatshewasa
Lati n Crees,orCrees-ta .Itmaybeobserved,thatshewasthe sti rps when c etheRoman n ati on ,or
atleasti tshi ghestbran c h,sprun g,asIhavelatelyobserved .Idon otun dertan dthederi vati on of
thewordn eas,fromwhomJuli uswasdesc en ded,butthemysti c c harac terofthathero,an dof
thehi storyoftheki n gdomofKi n gLati n usorLatei n us,maybeseen i n Ni mrod, 2 wheretheEn ei d
i ssati sfac tori lyshewn tobeasec on dIli ad
.Respec ti n gthen ameofKi n gLati n us,Ni mrodhas
poi n tedoutapec uli ari tywhi c h,when c oupledwi thotherc i rc umstan c es,an dtheveryc ommon
prac ti c eofgi vi n gn umeraln amestoperson s,i swellworthyofatten ti on ,an dwi llbeac c oun tedfor
hereafter .Ni mrodsays, 3
1
ApassageofIren musi sasfollows : 4 S edetLati n os, ( lege, Latei n os,)
Q n omen sexc en torumsexagi n tasexn umerum :
etvaldeveri si mi leest,quon i amveri ssi mumreg-
n umhoc babetvoc abulum,Lati n i en i msun tqui n un c regn an t
; sedn on i n hoc n osglori abi mur ."
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 0
A1
T3 0 0

. . . . . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
5
I

1 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
5 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 0
6 6 6
Thi ssac redn umberbei n gfoun dequallyamon gtheEtrusc an san dLati n s,an di n the
very
an c i en t Apoc alypse,provestomei tsverygreatan ti qui ty .rEn eas,i n fac t,c on queredLati n us,
an dbyforc eofarmsobtai n edhi ski n gdom .Thebeast6 6 6 wasoverc ome .Thi sstan di n galon e,
1 In Gen .xxi .3 3 .

Q
Vol.III .pp
.6 ,&c .

s
Ibi d .p .5 0 0 .
'AdversHaer .Li b.v
.Cap .xxv.p .3 6 5 ,ed .Gallasi i ,1 5 7 0 .
6 1 0
CasartheNi n thAvatar
wouldn otbeworthyamomen t'sc on si derati on . Iti sthec on n exi on ofc i rc umstan c eswi thi t,
whi c hgi vesi tan yvalue .
Of .peasan dVi rgi lNi mrodsays,
1 " Thi spoemori gi n allyc alled
GestaPopuli Roman i ,
repre-
"
c en tsn easasadesc en dan toftbgGods,hi mselfalsoaGod, a n ec roman c er, an dtheHi gh
"
pri est,Flamen ,an dHi erophan t,establi shi n gan dexpoun di n gthereli gi on sofRoma-Troja,an d
un foldi n gi tsfuturedesti n i es
.Hei sn oti dlyc alled pi us En eas,buthi ssan c ti tyasapri estan d
"
prophetwasthemai n objec ttowhi c hVi rgi lsoughttodrawhi sreaders'admi rati on ,hi swarli ke
"
ac hi evemen tsbei n gbutamen straumi n whi c hhemi ghtc on veythi spoli ti c alpoi son ."
IfJuli uswerethefami lyn ame,Caesarwashi sti tleofhon our,whi c hmi ghtbetaken fromthe
GodHesusofhi sown c on queredGaul
: an dthi sHes-usIc an n othelpsuspec ti n gwi llturn outto
be,when exami n edtothebottom,ac orrupti on oftheIH2
; ofBac c hus . ButNi mrod 2 says,

sar,whi c hi sthec hi efpartofthewordCaesar,mean t GOD i n Etrusc an : an dn odoubtthe

"
samefami lywhi c hi n heri tedthen ameofthe1 En eadHero,an dIn di geteJuli us,werealsothe
c ogn omen 1 Esar,orDeus,wi than hon ori fi c prefi x ." Now,whatc ouldthi shon ori fi c prefi xbe?
IfCaesartookhi sti tlefromtheCeltsofGaul,whomhehadc on quered,an di fthei rletterswere,
aswehavereason tosuppose,thelettersofGreec e,theywouldn otthen havethesi bi llan t9 ,but
mi ght,i n li euthereof,havetheGreekX,an dthen thewordwouldbeXaesar : an dthen thi s
hon ori fi c prefi xwouldbe,whatwemi ghtwellexpec t,thesi gn ofthe6 0 0 ,orXH-c raptheS ar,
6 0 8,thesac rumn omen ,c ogn omen ,etomen .
IfreadHebrai c t; i twouldbeRas-HX .
Ofallthe
mysti c n amesofan ti qui ty,therewasn oton emoreun i versalthan thatof&c arorCaesar . It
prevai ledi n alln ati on s .
IfIberi ghti n thi s,weseethatthemon ogramwi llc orrec tlyapplyto
Caesar,orTzar
.T=3 0 0 F=20 0 P=1 0 0 H=8=6 0 8 : HX=HTo-p=6 0 8.
Hen c etheTzars
ofMusc ovy,an dtheCaesarofGerman y
. AsCaesarwasheldtobean i n c arn ati on ofthe Xpj gos,
hi sbi rthwasfi xedtoaperi odwhi c hwehavefoun d,bymodern i n qui ri es,wason eofthesac red
aerasofIn di a,when then i n th Xprls wassupposedtobeborn ,orthen i n thben i gn an ti n c arn ati on
wasbeli evedtohavetaken plac e,orwhen then i n thsaec ulumbegan .
S ueton i usrelates,i n hi sLi feofAugustus,that"theletterCbei n gstruc koffbyli ghtn i n gfrom

thei n sc ri pti on on hi sstatue,thi srespon sewasgi ven ,thathehadon lyahun dreddaystoli ve,
"whi c hwasthen umberpoi n tedoutbythedefi c i en tletter :butthatheshouldbeafterwardrec kon ed

amon gtheGods,bec ause

desar, whi c hformstheremai n i n gpartofthen ameofCaesar,i si n the
"
Etrusc an lan guagetheden omi n ati on ofGod . 3 In theGothi c lan guage,As,Aes,Aesus,i sthe

n ameofOdi n ,orbywayofdi sti n c ti on ,thatofGod .In theplural,i ti sAsaran dAesi r

."
NowOdi n wi lln otbeden i edtobethesameasWoden ,an dWoden wehavetrac edfromthe
Carn ati c ,whereweshallfi n dtheKesari ,the
Xp~ s,
&c .,&c . S ol,i n Hetrusc aeti amli n gua
Esarvoc atusest . 4 TheEtrusc an smadei talawn ottorepresen tsarbyan yi mage : thi s
wastheEtrusc an n ameofthei n vi si bleGod,the greatCreator . ThePagan Iri shworshi pedhi m
un derthesamen ame,an dmaden oi magetohi m : thewordEsarorEsar,i sun doubtedly
Phoen i c i an .
` s'
i zr,i asar for :avi t . 5 " TheGodEsusi stheCelti c Mars,wherewehavethe

sen seofdestroyer
;
an di saredupli c ati on oftheelemen tS ,asEs-us,i n ordertoexpressthe
" i deamorestron gly ." Agai n ,
"
Ihavebeforeproduc edtheHebrewttty Oz-Uz,very or
ex-

c eedi n gly stron g,an dtheS yri ac Az-Az-os

( A ~ aY ,os)
an dtheArabi c Az-Eez, exc ellen t,
prec i ous."
1
Vol.III
.p
.46 6 .

s
Ibi d.p .45 6 .
' 2Esar,i dest,reli quaparseCaesari sn omi ueEtrusc ali n guaDeusvoc atur .Vi taAug.Cap .xc vi i
.Jami eson 's
Ori gofGreeks,p
.1 5 1
.
4 ElS c hedi usdeDi i sGerman .p .1 0 8 ; Vall.Coll.Hi b .Vol.V.p .9 1 .

s
Vall .Coll
.Vol.IV.p
.46 1 .
BookX.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 3

6 1 1
Headdsthat,i n theArabi c termAzan dAzar,the
.i deaofexc ellen c eun i tedtostren gth
seems to
prevai l
; an dalsowhateverten dstosupportli fe
.
1
Here,Ithi n k,boththegoodan devi lpri n c i -
plesseemtobefoun d
.
Atown ofCi li c i awasc alledCaesar-Augusti n i ,butwasan c i en tlyoc c upi ed
bytheAn azarben es ; thesewereevi den tlytheBen i -azar,theson sof,EsarorCaesar
.
a
These
prec ededJuli usan dAugustusCaesar .
2.TheZari n aofRussi a,then ameofthequeen softhatc oun try,i sevi den tlythe
gysr wi th
afemi n i n etermi n ati on . Thi si sthePhoen i c i an orChaldaean S ar or Zar,
apri n c eorgran dee
.
3
Thomyri s,theS c ythi an queen ,whowassai dtohavec on queredCyrus,wasc alledZari n a
. Ihave
astron gsuspi c i on thatthedespotsofRussi aac i dGerman ybothaffec tthen ameof
Cc esar, forthe
samereason thatthefami lyofCaesarkepti tsmythi c n ame . Ihaven odoubtthattheperson who
c lai msthi sti tle,c lai ms,thoughsec retly,tobeautoc ratoftheworld,bothbyri ghtofthesword
an dofthebook,-bothaspri estan dki n g .
Iti sn otori ousthatNerowasthoughtbytheRoman stobeapec uli arlysac redperson ,orto
haveopen edsomesac redperi od. On thi sac c oun thewas,i n morethan an usualman n er,hated
bytheChri sti an s,whotookhi mtobeAn ti c hri st,thati s,an otheroropposi ti on Chri st .
The
n ameofNero,whi c hhebore,looksveryli kethen ameoftheNeros,ac oi n c i den c ewhi c hwould
n everhaveoc c urredtomehadi tn otbeen fortheotherc i rc umstan c es . Weveryoften hearof
thewi c kedn essofNero,butweseldomhearofthewi c kedn essofCon stan ti n ethe GREAT, who
murderedhi sson ,hi sbrother-i n -law,hi swi fe,hi sn ephewun derage,an damusedhi mselfby
maki n gtheki n gstaken pri son ersi n warfi ghtwi ldbeastsi n thec i rc us .Notwi thstan di n g all thi s,
theRev.Dr .Lardn ertellsusthi s GREAT man
c c
wasn otabadman ," an dhi sgen eralc on duc ti s
markedwi ththeapprobati on oftheChri sti an world,byhi sequestri an statuebei n gplac ed,atthi s
veryday,Jun e1 83 2,i n theporc hofS t .Peter'sChurc hatRome!
! !
3
.Caesarhadallthehon ourspai dtohi mastoadi vi n eperson ,an dthatparti c ulardi vi n eperson
ofwhomwehavebeen treati n g .
Hewasc alledFatherofhi sc oun try,thati s,theAi wvTaw
armvaw, Paterfuturi saec uli . Attheen doffi veyears,afesti valwasi n sti tutedtohi shon our,as
toaperson ofdi vi n eextrac ti on . Ac ollegeofpri estswasestabli shedtoperformtheri tesi n sti -
tutedforthatoc c asi on . Adaywasdedi c atedtohi m,an dhehadtheti tlealsoofJuli an Jove
an datemplewaserec tedtohi m . 4 Hi s
templeboretheappellati on ofHeroumIuleum,an dc on -
tai n edi magesofVen us
.
Juli uswasfollowedbyhi sn ephewOc tavi us,whowasalsoc alled
Caesar,towhi c hwasaddedthemysti c ti tleofAugustus,
5 whi c hmean t san c ti ty
an ddei fi c ati on
upon earth .e Augusto auguri opostquami n c lutac on di taRomaest
. An dtomakethemytholo
.
gi c al c i rc umstan c esc omplete,wehavetheastrologi c aln umberof1 2appli edtothefi rst1 2Roman
Emperors,c alledCaesars,bythehi stori an softhoseti mes .
Wekn owthatdi fferen tRoman fami -
li eshadmythosesappli c abletothem,ortheywerei n somerespec tssac red
. Thi swasthec ase
wi ththeFabi i ;
thesamewi ththefami lywhohadthec areofthec eremon i eson Moun tS orac te,
&c .
Isupposethatthefami lyofJuli ushad,oraffec tedtohave,somesac redc harac terofthi s
ki n d,an dmai n tai n edthereali tyofthei ri magi n arypedi gree,fromthemysti c Ili umorTroy .An d
thi s,probably, i n n osmalldegree,ai dedthebri lli an tJuli usi n possessi n ghi mselfofthesupreme
power-theprophec yc on duc i n gtoi tsown fulfi lmen t,aswasthec aseofan othergreatman i n a
I S eeWhi ter'sEtymol .Un i v.pp .1 9 6 ,7 1 7 ,7 1 8
.

Q
Pli n .Nat .Hi st .Li b .v.Cap
.xxvi i .

En c .Bri t
.voc ePhi lology,p .5 6 8.
4 Di on .Cassi us,Li b
.xli v.Cap .i v. ; rerguson 'sRoman Hi story,Vol .III .Bookv.p.3 2.

TheNi lewasc alledAugustusbytheEgypti an s .Theyc alledi tKi n gAugustus.Basn age,Hi st .Jews,p

.247 .
6
En n i usap
.S uet .Oc tav.Cap .vi i .
; Hor.Li b.i v
.Cap .xi i .
6
1 2
Twelve Cwsars
laterday,asIshallpresen tlyshew . 1
Iti sprobablethatwhen Juli uswaski lled,someofthe
devoteeswouldadmi tthattheyweremi staken i n theperson ,butthi swouldn oti n thesli ghtest
degreei n jurethec redi tofthemythos .Thesupersti ti on on lytran sfersi tself
.
Evi den c eorex-
peri en c ei n thesec asesi sof-n oavai l
.
Oc tavi usbec ametheexpec ted
greaton e ;
an dof hi m hi s
followershadn odoubt,atleastthefoolsofhi sfollowers
.Hewasborn li keBac c hus,Herc ules,
Ni mrod,Cyrus,Alexan der,S c i pi oAfri c an us,S olomon , men sedec i mo
. HehadApollo,i n the
formofaserpen t,forhi sfather,an dathi sdeathhi ssoul,li kethatoftheHolyS t
.Polyc arp,flew
awaytoheaven i n theformofabi rd .
Allthi san dmuc hmoreofthesameki n d,maybefoun di n
di fferen tpartsofNi mrod'swork,butparti c ularlyi n Vol .III .p
.45 8. ButthemurderofCaesar
washi sAphan asi a-hi sApotheosi s . Itwasan i mi tati on ofthatofRomulus
. In everyc asethe
foun deroftheCyc leseemstohavesufferedavi olen tdeath,i n somewayorother,an dtheearth
tohavebeen darken ed ; butweshallseemuc hrelati n gtothi shereafter
.
4
.Theobservati on maderespec ti n gthetwelveCaesarson lyappli estoapartofan un i versal
mythos .
Thereweretwelvetri besofIsrael,whoallassembledtoworshi paton etemple
. There
weretwelvetri besofIon i an s,whoallassembledi n li keman n eraton etemple
. Therewere
twelvetri besofEtrusc an s,whoallassembledaton etemple
;
an dwho,byc olon i es,foun ded
twelvetri bes
i n Campan i a,an dtwelvemorei n theApen n i n emoun tai n s
.
Thereweretwelve
Caesars,an dtwelveImaumsofPersi a,followersofAli ,allbeli evedtobeforetoldbyEsdras,2,
c h .xi i .1 1 -1 5 .
When Mosesbui ltaDrui di c altemplen eartoS i n ai ,hesetuptwelveston es
; at
Gi l-Galagai n twelveun hewn ston es,an don Geri zi m,agai n ,twelveston esi n c i rc les
.
In eedn ot
poi n toutthec i rc lesoftwelvessooften foun di n theremai n i n gDrui di c altemples-allPythago-
rean an dMason i c -sti lli n telli gi blei n man yofourc hapter-houses,forthebui ldersofthesewere
theoldestmon ks( probablyCarmeli tes)an dmason s
.Forthousan dsofyearsthereweren o
ston e
edi fi c esexc eptthosefortheuseofthesac redorder,reli gi on ,an dthewallsoftown s
;
allothers
bei n gofsun -burn tbri c kan dwoodofc ourse,havedi sappeared
.
Thefi rsti n formati on whi c hwehaveofsusorAosari s,Ithi n k,i n thehi storyofthec ele-
bratedAbari s,whoc amefromtheHyperborean stovi si tPythagoras
.
Hei ssai dtohavestruc k
hi sharptotheDeli an ApolloorAosar .
Ofallti tlesofhon ouramon gthean c i en ts,perhapsthere
wasn oton esoc ommon asthatofCaesar
.
Thi swi llbethoughtextraordi n ary,butIshallprove
i ttrue .
Areli gi ousmythosorprophec yalwayshasaten den c ytoc ausei tsown fulfi lmen t,orat
leastapparen tfulfi lmen t .
Iti sn aturalthatthedevoteesattac hedtoi tshouldforc eeveryi n di f-
feren tc i rc umstan c etofi ttoi t,tosui ti t
.
An di ftheprophec ywerereallytrue,n umbersof
tri fli n gc i rc umstan c es,i n di fferen ti n themselves,wouldbefoun dtoai di torsupporti t .
Thusthe
person c alledCaesartookthatn ame,an d,i n i mi tati on oftheLuc umon esoftheEtrusc an s,he
wasfollowedbyeleven otherCaesars .
An dhi sassassi n ati on an dsi xhours'darkn essformedhi s
aphan asi a,si mi lartothatofRomulusan dothers
.
Wehavefoun dtheMoun tArarati n S outhIn di a,or,whati sthesamethi n g,i n Ceylon
. ( Thi s
i slan d,Ihaven odoubt,
was
formerlyc on n ec tedwi ththemai n lan d,an dwasprobablydi sc on -
n ec tedwhen thec i tyofMaha-bali -poor
2 wassun ki n thesea,an dwhen theAral,Caspi an an d
Euxi n eseasbrokethei rban ks,asn oti c edi n BookVI
.,ChapterI .)
Wehavefoun di ti n
NorthIn di a,i n I1 -av-rattaormoun tofNauban da
; an dtheS i bylli n eOrac lesgi veusan otheri n
Phrygi a,orRoumorRome
.
Ithadthesamen ameastheRamaofIn di a .
Ihaven odoubtthat
thewholemythoswasrepeatedi n Asi aMi n or
:for,Mon tan us,whoc amefromPhrygi a,was
beli evedtobethe
n i n th or ten th Avatar
. HewasthePhrygi an Avatar .
i On thi ssubjec t,seethe4thEc loguean dthe6 thbookoftheEEn ei d
' For
atreati seon Mahabali poorsee Trai ts .Asi at .S oc .Vol .II .p .
1 .
BookX .CharpterIII .S ec ti on 5

6 1 3
5 .
Atthefi rstsi ghtofthatpartoftheS i bylli n eorac lewhi c hrelatestotheEmperors,down to
Hadri an ,everyperson wi lli n stan tlysay,i thasbeen wri tten tosui tthehi story
; butwhen I
c on si derthatJuli usCaesarwasn amedc ertai n lyafterthemon th,themythos,an dn otthemythos
afterhi m,an dthec i rc umstan c eofthetwelveCwsars,Ic an n otavoi dasuspi c i on thattheEmpe-
rorstoHadri an tookthei rn amestosui tthemythosasCaesardi d
.Thatthehi storyi sdeeply
tai n tedwi thjudi c i alastrologyc an n otbedoubted,orwhyshouldtherebetwelveCaesars,an dwhy
should NERO ( Q.NerostheCyc leof6 0 0
? ) bec on si deredtheexpec tedMessi ahorten thi n c ar-
n ati on -thegen i usoftheten thc yc leofthe
NERDS ? I begmyreadertorec on si derthesi n gulari ty
ofthen ame,c oupledwi ththetradi ti on
.Ihadwri tten theabovewhen Idi sc overedthatthe
Adri ati c S eawasc alledtheAdri ates, Aopi ss,
byHerodotus ; an dalsobyHorac e
.Thi saton c e
provedthatmysuspi c i on waswell-foun ded,an dfromthi swemaylearn ,thatweoughtn ottobe
toohastyi n determi n i n gaworktobespuri ousfroman ac ron i sms-n otti lltheyareveryc arefully
exami n ed
.Iti sprobablethattheotherCaesarsbeforeHadri an hadthei rn amesfromthemythos
;
atalleven ts,wec an n olon gerc on c ludethattheS i bylsarespuri ousfromthen amesofRoman
Emperors .Howeverc orruptedtheymaybe,wec an n otc on c ludethemmereforgeri es
.When
wec on si derthatwehaven otasi n glebookwhi c hi sn otc orrupted,i twouldi n deedbeami rac le
i ftheS i bylshadesc aped
.When Ifi n dtwomysti c alperson sc alledbythesamen ame,Isuspec t
mysti c i sm .In theEastEli asi sc alledbyMusselman sKheser,an dKhi zi r,whi c hlooksli keCaesar
.
Eli aswassai dtobeadi vi n ely-i n spi redperson ,an dsowasCaesar,an dhereweseemtohavethem
bythesamen ame .
WehaveheardofthedeathofAdon i son lyfromtheGreeks
; MarswasjealousofVen us
.In
GaulMarswasc alledEsus,an d,Esus,an dHesus,an dHesar
.Whatwasi ti n Chaldaeathat
ki lledAdon i s ? -i n Hr, Chesar,Casar .But
1 'tn hzi r, awi ldboar,wastaken for
7 tn
hzr, an d
thusawi ldboarki lledAdon i s
.Theevi lpri n c i pleprevai ledoverthegood,butthegoodon erose
agai n toli fean di mmortali ty
. I
Buti n S aurashtra,theGodBalhadalsothen ameof
Cesar . We
n eedn otthereforebesurpri sedtofi n daCaesari n Italy,wherearethePalli ,theS aturn i a,the
templeofLoretto,&c .,ofS urastren e . 2
Jajati ( Y ayati )Kesari wasthen ameofthepri n c eof
Ori ssa . 3 Kan yai sc alledKesaran dKesu,whi c hmean s
i mperi al,royal .
TheArabi an hi stori an s
i n formusthatJaphethadason c alled
Khazar, fromwhomc ametheKhozari an son theWolga,
NorthoftheCaspi an S ea,an dthattheCaspi an i tselfwasn amedfromthi sperson
.In Arabi c i t
i sc alled Bahr-Khazar theS eaofKhazar . 4 Caesari stheIswaraofIn di a
.
TheIsan an dIsuren ofS outhIn di awasthesameastheHebrew y; v'
i so
tosave,ortheGreek
Zw-~ li fe, an d
~ 4w
orlowor
Xc oc eto
save.I thi n ktherootoftheHebrew
mv
i so
hasbeen the
word vv so, the ' i ,jod,prefi xedforthesakeofthemystery ;
then i twouldbe '
Ithesavi our .
Fromthemi xedn atureoftheS i gmaan dTaui tbec ameItzur-en an dItzaran dTzar
.Allthese
wordsarefoun di n S outhIn di a,havi n gthemean i n gofthe
c ruc i fi edGod,theWi se, or
theS avi our .
Fromthi sc ameIsar,Hmsar,Isar-di ordev,an dIsard,an dVi zard,an dWi sard,an dWi seman
;
an d,byasi mi larproc ess,Wi t,Wi tz,Wi tzard
.Esarparai tetreemployd,aujourd'hui en c ore,en
i slan dai s,c ommepluri elde As, si gn i fi an tDi eu
.Agai n ,dureste,len omg6 n eri quedeladi vi n i te
sedi sai ten lan gueEtrusque1 Esar,qui futraproc hedeCesarouCaesar,mai squi rappellebeau-
c oupplusn aturellemen tles
Ekes desS c an di n aves . 5 Ibeli eveori gi n allythewordCaesarwas
1 S ee Ouseley's Col.II .p
.221 .
s
Vi deCol .Todon
theTemplesofEllora,Tran s .Asi at
.S oc .Vol .1 1 .Pt .i .p .3 29 .
' Asi at .Res.Vol .XV .p .26 5 .

* D' Herbelot ; Vallan c ey'sColl .Vol

.VII .p .24.
a
Creutzer, Vol .II .p .40 9 .
6 1 4 S i byl's Prophec yofCwsar
As
.sar,ori n theHebrewstyleofreadi n gRas-sa,c loselyc on n ec tedwi ththeRas-seesofIn di a .
Upon thesethewordCaesarorTzarwasformed
.
In Iri sh,Godi sc alled
AOS AR, pron oun c ed AES AR.
In Hi sdostan eei ti sEashoor,Esur,Iswur .
In S an sc ri ti ti s Eswara
.
Arabi c eUsar,perlustran sDeus .( El .S c hei d.) Egypti orumpleri que
i dn omen pron un c i arun tOi shi ri ,Oi si ri ,Usi ri tJablon sky)
; an di n Chaldeewefi n d rt` vbt ai sra
Jupi ter .( D
.dePomi s .) I I
thi n kn oon ec an doubtwhyJuli ustooktheGalli c epi thetofCaesar
an dafterallthevi tuperati on whi c hhasbeen lavi shedon hi mformaki n ghi mselfaGod,li eappli ed
tohi mselfon lywhattheRomi shChurc happli estoi tssai n ts,theBeTsi an ottheAarpac a-
adi sti n c ti on whi c hveryn early( Idon otrec ollec tan exc epti on )allorthodoxProtestan twri terskeep
c arefullyoutofsi ght,when theytreaton thesesubjec ts
; i n orderthattheybeabletoc allthei r
Romi shfellow-c oun trymen i dolaters.
Butsc arc elyan ythi n gc an bemoregrossthan thei dolatry
ofourProtestan tbi shopsan dn obles .
For,di dtheyn ot,when theyan oi n tedGeorgetheFourth
Ki n g,
plac ehi mon thesac redblac kston ebroughtfromS c otlan dforthepurpose,an dkepti n the
mostsac redtempleoftheempi re,Westmi n sterAbbey,an dn everon allyac c oun tremoved-on
thatveryston e,whi c h,aseverybodykn ows,Jac oban oi n tedwi thoi l
? In fac t,thousan dsofthe
supersti ti on softhePapi sts,Hi n doos,Greeks,an dRoman s,weren omorei dolatrousthan that
desc ri bedabove,an dtheyarejustasfai rlyrepresen tedbymodern wri ters,asIhaverepresen ted
theaboveEn gli sh&a? ei aorsupersti ti on .
6
.Thei n terpretati oNovi S aec uli ,asthefourthec loguewasc alled,wasasac redmythos,an d
would,li keallothersac redmythoses,havean esoteri c an dan exoteri c mean i n g
.
In thesame
poeman ewgolden agei spromi sed
; butn ewTrojan warsarealsopromi sed . Thi sac c oun tof
Trojan warstoarri vei n theS aturn i an ti mesi s,i n somedegree,i n c on si sten twi thi tself,an dthi s
wouldformadi ffi c ultyi fwesupposedthesystemtobetrue
; buti tagreesverywellwi thmy
i dea,thatthesystemofAvatari smi n ren ewedc yc les,thoughi n i tselfi n thec hi efpartfalse,was
allbeli evedbythemysti c stobetrue .
Then ,ofc ourse,theywouldrun i n toi n c on si sten c i esan d
c on tradi c ti on stosupportthei rfai th,asweseeallerron eousreli gi oussystem-beli eversdoevery
day.
Nothi n gi stooabsurdformostperson stobeli eve,i ftheybeon lyeduc atedi n thebeli efofi t .
Absurdi tyn otbei n gobserved,rai sesn oobstac le .
Iti sveryc ertai n that,i fthesystemwerepart
ofthemysteri esofthereli gi on ,Vi rgi lc ouldn otdesc ri bei ti n an yotherwaythan en i gmati c ally
sothati tmi ghtbeun derstoodbythei n i ti ated,butn otbythevulgar . Thei n fan talludedto i n
theec loguehasbeen asubjec tofmuc hdi spute,butwhoeveri tmi ghtbemean tfor,Ithi n ki ti s
veryc leartowhomi twasafterwardac c ommodatedbyVi rgi l
: un lessi twas( athi n gn otun li kely)
i n terpolatedbyhi mafterwardtomakei tsui ttoOc tavi us
; when hebec ameapotheosi sed,or
c alledAugustus . Thefollowi n gpassageofthen ei d,Li b
.vi .,putsthi soutofalldoubt
Turn ,turn thi n eeyes ! seeherethyrac edi vi n e,
Beholdthyown i mperi alRoman li n e
Cmsar,wi thalltheJuli an n amesurvey ;
S eewheretheglori ousran ksasc en dto-day! -
Thi s-thi s
i s he! -thec hi efsolon gforetold
To blessthelan dwhereS aturn ruledofold,
An dgi vetheLern ean realmsasec on dageofgoldl
Thepromi sedpri n c e, AUGUS TUS thedi vi n e,
OfCmsar'srac e,an dJove'si mmortalli n e .
Allthi stheoryrespec ti n gAugustusCaesar,rec ei vesn oli ttlec on fi rmati on fromthefac tn oti c ed
bymei n BookV .Chap .II .S ec t . 7 ,
thathi sbi rthwasc oevalwi ththeseraofVi c ramadi tya,or
BuddhaofS i am,whi c hshewsbeyon dalldoubttheac tuali den ti tyofthetwosystems .
I Vallan c ey,Col.Vol.VI
.P
.87 .
BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 8

6 1 5
Itappearsfromapassagei n S ueton i us,thatthedeathofJuli usCaesar was
i n apec uli arman n er
deploredbytheJewsprc c c i puequeJudc ei
. I
thi n kfromthi san dman yotherc i rc umstan c esthat
thetwoCarsarsweren oton lyheldupbyafewc on tempti bleretai n ers,( han gers-on forbread,as
theyhavebeen represen ted,)astheCyrusortheGreatOn eoftheage,foretoldbythean c i en t
prophec i es,butbyagreatan dlearn edbodyofman ki n d,whowerebeli eversi n them
.TheCaesars
weresupposedbythei rfollowers,when theywereali ve,toberen ewedi n c arn ati on s,li kethe
LamasofTi bet
.ThePopessaythatCon stan ti n egaveupItalytothem
.Thi sIthi n kwasvery
li kelyasthepri c eofhi sabsoluti on ,when herec ei vedbapti smon hi sdeath-bed
.Atthesame
ti meheprobablysurren deredallc lai mtothepalli uman dtheotherpri vi legesofPon ti fexMaxi mus
.
Fromthatti meIthi n ktheemperorsruledbytheswordon ly,thePon ti fexMaxi musbythebook
.
Caesarruledbyboth
.When everaki n gi sc rown ed,hei salwaysmadetoswearthathewi ll
supporttheri ghtsofthec hurc h .Thi si sreallyn othi n glessthan fealtydi sgui sed
.
7 .
Ifmyreaderwi llmakeallowan c eforthec reduli tyoftheauthoroftheCambri dgeKeytothe
Chron ologyoftheHi n doos,i n thefollowi n gpassage,hemayobserveseveralveryc uri ousan d
i n teresti n gstatemen ts . 1
"
In theMahabharat,wearepresen tedwi thabeauti fulepi c poem
.
"
S oarewei n theIli ad
.Thelatterwaswri tten abouttwoc en turi esaftertheformer
:
an dIhave

been i n c li n edtothi n kthateac hwastaken fromthesamemythology :

theGodsan dGoddesses
"
bei n gn ootherthan thepatri arc hsofthean tedi luvi an world
.ThatVyasawasa,n ameassumed
"
bytheauthoroftheMaha-bharat,Ihaveli ttledoubt
.Thati s,Ibeli eve,theheroi c poem,as
"i ti sn owextan t,tohavebeen taken fromthehi story,asrec ordedbythean tedi luvi an sage
:an d
"
thatthepost-di luvi an author,bei n gafollowerofVi shn u,asc ri bedtotheblac kS hepherd,as
" Vi shn uorCri shn u,apri n c i palpartofthoseeven tswhi c hareadmi tted,beyon dc on troversy,by

everyHi n du,tohavetaken plac ei n thean tedi luvi an world

.Homer,on thec on trary,bri n gs
"
thean c i en tpatri arc hs,asdei ti es,forwardtothesei geofTroy
.Iti sn oton ei therthatwec an
"
safelyrelyforhi stori c truthsalthoughbothpoems,i ti smorethan probable,werefoun ded
"thereon .
Therei sagreatresemblan c ebetween theCri shn uofY almi c ,an dtheAc hi llesof
"
Homer . Eac hofthem,i n mythology,i ssupposedi n vuln erable,exc epti n theri ghtheel
:eac h
"waski lledbyan arrowpi erc i n gthatpart ; eac hwastheson ofthemotheroftheGodofLove
;

an dthepresen c eofeac hwasi n di spen sable,fortheoverthrowoftheen emy

." Thelatterpart
ofthi spassageofthei n gen i ousCan tab,i sn odoubtverystri ki n g,an dwemustrec ollec tthat
we
havebeforefoun dan Ili -vratta,an Ili um,
an dan
Ac hi lles,
i n In di a,an dalltheGreekGods-
Bac c hus,Herc ules,&c
. ; an dthatwehavealsofoun dtheJewsi n In di a,Jeptha'sdaughteri n
Iphi gen i a,an dtheJon asan dS amson i n Herc ules .Thelearn edJoshuaBarn esthoughtthatthe
Ili adwaswri tten byS olomon
.Thi swasveryodd
.Theseedofthewoman i n Gen esi swas
bi tten i n theheel,Cri shn uan dAc hi llesarebothshoti n theheel ! ! ! Respec ti n gthec losec on -
n exi on between thepoemofHomeran dS olomon ,ortheJewi shmythos,Basn age,i fmymemory
don otdec ei veme,hassomewhereexpressedthesameopi n i on asBarn es .
Thesac redbooksofIn di a,frombei n gc alledthebooksofWi sdom,wereatlen gthc alled
Wi sdom
i tself.
In somewhatasi mi larwaytheMusesac qui redthei rn ame .Allsac reddoc tri n es
werec on tai n edi n verse,whi c hwasi n ven tedforthepurposeofpreservi n gthem,an deveryc yc lehad
i tsepi c ,orson g,ormusa,torec ordi tsS avi ouror
; stun mse . ThusHomerc elebratedtheGreek
AvataroftheAsi an Cyrus,an dVi rgi l,thevates,sun gthearri valoftheXaesar .S oc ompletely
mythi c i si t,thatthehi stori an shavemadetheearlyli feofVi rgi lalmostac losec opyofthatof
Homer,asthemodern authorofhi sli fe,W
.Walsh,Esq
.,haspoi n tedoutan ddetai ledatlen gth
.
Thi saffordsan admi rableexampleofwhatIhaveobservedi n an otherplac e-thatallhi storyhas
' Vol .II,p .221 .
6 1 6 Ca? sar'sDeathFollowedByDarkn ess
been c orruptedbyjudi c i alastrology .
Noon ec an helpseei n gthesi mi lari ty,almostthei den ti ty,
ofthehi stori esofHomeran dVi rgi l
; butn oon ec an doubtthatVi rgi lli ved
; yetastruebi o-
graphytheac c oun tc an n otberec ei ved .
Iti sli ketheearlyhi storyofRome .
Noon ec an doubt
thatRomeexi sted,buti tsearlyhi storyi samythos
. Everyc yc lehadi tsmuse,i tsson g,i ts
savi our. Vi rgi li n ti matesthattheIli adi sasac redormythi c alpoem
.
Theexpec tati on ofthe
gen erali tyofperson swhotreaton thesesubjec tsi sextremelyun reason able . Theyexpec tthe
hi dden sec rettobesosli ghtlyvei led,thatallwhoreadi tmaydi sc overi tsmean i n g ; an di fthey
haven otthi sun reason ableexpec tati on grati fi ed,theyc an n otbebroughttogetthebetterofthei r
earlyprejudi c es .
Ifmyreaderwi lln owturn bac kan drun overi n rec ollec ti on theearlyhi storyofGreec e,he
wi llaton c esee,thati thasn omorec lai mtothen ameof
real hi storythan thatofTomThumb,
orJac ktheGi an t-ki ller .
Iti squi tec learthataBrahmi n i c aln ati on hasexi stedi n theS outh
partofThrac ean dtheNorthpartofGreec e . Theproofsofthefac tarec omplete
.Then
when
di di texi st ?
Aftergi vi n gthesubjec tallthec on si derati on i n mypower,an dadi li gen texami n ati on ofan c i en t
doc umen tsforman yyears,Ihavebec omequi tec on vi n c ed,thatalmostallthean c i en thi stori es
werewri tten forthesolepurposeofrec ordi n gamythos,whi c hi twasdesi redtotran smi tto
posteri ty-butyettoc on c eali tfromallbutthei n i ti ated
.
Thetradi ti on softhec oun tri eswere
madesubservi en ttothi spurpose,wi thoutan ysuspi c i on offraud ; an dweon lygi vethemthe
appearan c eoffraud,when wec on foun dthemwi thhi story . Thi si sthec asewi thallearlyhi sto-
ri es
.Theywereallan c i en tlyc omposed,or, i f wri tten , theywerewri tten i n verseforthesakeof
c orrec treten ti on bythememory,an dsettomusi c forthesamereason
.
Theywereallofthe
samen atureastheIli adan dEn ei d .
Themostan c i en tofthean c i en tshadn othi n gofthen ature
ofourrealhi stori es
.Realhi storywasn ottheobjec tofthei rwri ti n g,an ymorethan ofVi rgi l's
orMi lton 's .Herodotuswasthei n ven torofhi story .Ifi tbetrue,thatalltheseepi c sorpreten ded
hi stori esareun deron edi sgui seorother,butparti c ularlyun derthegui seofrealhi story,i n ten ded
toc on c ealasec retmythos,orreli gi oussystemfromthevulgar,howc ouldtheybeotherwi sethan
aswefi n dthem ? Theyare,n odoubti n somerespec ts,di fferen t,buttherearestri ki n gmarksof
i den ti tyherean dtheretobeperc ei ved . Themarksofi den ti tyarefac tswhi c hc an n otbeden i ed .
Letthemberati on allyac c oun tedforotherwi sethan asIhaveac c oun tedforthem,
vi z .b y on e
gen eralsystem'sprevai li n g,i n sec ret,throughalltheages . Buten oughofthi sdi gressi on
.
8
.When Caesarwasmurderedtherewasadarkn essovertheearth .
Vi rgi lsays,'
Cumc aputobsc uran i ti dumferrugi n etexi t
Impi aquaeaetern amti muerun tsaec ulan oc tem .
S ervi usi n hi sn oteon thi splac e,says,thi sdarkn esslastedabhorsn ext$ usqueadn oc tem,i
.e .
fromn oon ti lln i ght,whi c hatthatti meofyearmusthavebeen si xhours .
2
Hereweseethe
hi storyac c ommodatedtothemythos,butarewethereforetosupposethattherewasn oJuli us
Caesar? Herewealsoseeac on fi rmati on ofwhatIhavesai d,thatCaesar,attheti meofhi s
death,wasbeli evedtobethepresi di n ggen i usoftheage
:
an daswasthec aseatthedeathof
Romulusan dman yothers,thedeathdi dn otc han gethemythi c c harac terofCaesar
.S oon after
Caesar'sdeath,when Augustusobtai n edthepower,
he
wasbeli evedtobetheperson ,an dthe
1 En ei dwaswri tten toc elebratehi m
. TheDeathofCaesar,soli ketothatofRomulus,rather
ten dedtoprovehi masac redc harac terli keRomulus .The , darkn esswaseasi lyi n ven tedafter-
wardtoc ompletethepi c ture
.
3
t Georg .I .46 7 .

a
Costard,Astron
.p
.9 2.
3 1 muc hsuspec tthatallc hron ologywasc orrupted fur
mythi c alpurposes,asweareverysurehi storywas . S i r
BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 7
6 1 7
Iti sCaesarthatVi rgi lc elebratesi n allhi sverses .
Themythostaughtthatthereweretobe
twelveCaesars,an dJuli us'sprai sewi llsui talloran yofthem .
Ifthegen erati on i n thi sc ase
weretaken at thi rty
years,i tbri n gsustothemythosofCon stan ti n e,whofoun dedNovaRomaon
theseven hi lls,3 6 0 yearsafterthefi rstoftheCaesars
.
Ihaven odoubtthatthemythoswas,that
theJuli an fami lyshouldlastfortwelvegen erati on s-i n all3 6 0 years-ti llan ewperi odarose . I
thi n ki tn otun li kelythattheflatterersofCon stan ti n e( theson ofHellen byCoi lus)mi ghtper-
suadehi m,thatn otwi thstan di n gtheac tualn umberofRoman despots,yetthatbeforehi mthere
wereon lytwelvelegalEmperors
; an dthat he wasthedi vi n eori n spi redori n c arn atedperson
desti n edtofoun dan ewc yc lean daNovaRoma
. Thedi vi n ec harac terofCaesari sthec on ti n ual
themeofVi rgi l'sprai se
.'
Thec i rc umstan c esrespec ti n gtheCaesars,when allc on si dered,aresurelyveryc uri ous
. In the
fi rstplac e,thefami lyn ameofJuli usseemstoshewalaten tc lai mtosoverei gn ty,on lywai ti n ga
fi topportun i tyforthefami lytodi splayi tself . Itmustberec ollec tedthati n thosedaysheredi -
taryhi gh-pri esthoodsi n fami li eswereveryc ommon ,an dwi ththehi gh-pri esthoodasoverei gn
c lai m,si mi lartothatofTi bet,mostlyskewsi tself . S everalfami li espossessi n gsomethi n gofthi s
ki n dmaybeperc ei vedi n Rome .
Augustuswaspreten dedtobebegotten byaGod,i n theform
ofaserpen t,i n thetemple,an dtobebroughtforth
afterten mon ths . Howeverwemayvarythi s
i n lan guage,i ti sevi den tlywhatweshouldc allan i mmac ulatec on c epti on . An dtheten mon ths'
pregn an c yskewsi ttobeamythos,si mi lartothatofCri stn a,Herc ules,Bac c hus, S OLOMON ;
an d,
Idoubtn ot,that,hadwealltheapoc ryphalgospelsen ti re,si mi lartoan otheri mmac ulate
c on c epti on also
.
Then ameoftheIn di an ,Etrusc an ,an dCelti c God,EsarorCaesar,followedby
eleven otherCaesars,agai n shewsthean c i en tmythos,an dthatthetwelveLuc umon esofthe
Etrusc an swereperhapspri n c esan dhi gh-pri estsi n suc c essi on
. Juli usdec laredhi mselfhi gh-
pri est,Pon ti fexMaxi mus,an dprobably,thoughperhapssec retly,preten dedtotheoffi c ebyhere-
di taryordi vi n eri ght .
Hec ertai n lypreten dedtobethegreaton eofthen i n thage,whowasto
c ome,an dwasbeli evedtobeso,bothbyJewsan dRoman s
. An dthoughthi si ssc arc elyper-
c epti ble,yeti tmaybeperc ei vedi n thefourthec logueofVi rgi l,an di n theregretoftheJews .
Hi saphan asi aan dsi xhours'darkn essathi sdeathli ken hi mtoRomulusan dtoJesusChri st .
Thesufferi n gofavi olen tdeathseemsan ec essarypartofthemythos
;
an dIsuspec tthatthe
deathsofCalan us,ofCyrus,ofCroesus,ofHerc ules,ofRomulus,&c
.,&c .,&c .,allhadac on -
n exi on wi thi t .
Thefollowi n gtwoversesareofthemselvesen oughtoshewthatthefourth
ec loguereferstothemythosofwhi c hIhavewri tten somuc h
.
Isaac Newton thoughtthefoun di n g
of Romewas 1 20 yearswron g .Isuspec tthatthesera
of Nabon assar,that of the
fi rstOlympi ad,an dthat of thefoun di n g of
Rome,wereallmean ttobegi n theei ghthS aec ulum,an dthattheywere
mean ttobe
6 5 0 yearsbeforethec ommen c emen t of
then i n th .
Tuqueadeb,quern moxquaesi n t
habi turaDeorum
Con c i li a,i n c ertumest,urbi sn ei n vi sere,Caesar,
Terrarumqueveli sc uram,ettomaxi musorbi s
Aut-toremfrugum,tempestatumquepoten tem,ac c i pi at .Vi rg.Georg .Li b .i .24.
An dc hi eflythou,0 Caesar,c on c ern i n gwhomi t i s yetun c ertai n whattheGodsi n c oun c i lmaydetermi n e-whether
thouwi ltvouc hsafetovi si tc i ti es,an dun dertakethec are of
c oun tri es,an dthewi dely-exten dedgloberec ei vethee,
gi ver of thefrui tsan druler of
theseason s
.
Agai n ,i n Georg . II .5 0 3 . Agai n , II .1 7 0 .Thi s passage i s c learlyn otun derstood
.
Agai n ,i n Georg .
III .1 6 ,Vi rgi l says,heshallplac eCaesari n aTemple .Heprai sesthe boy Hylas,whi c hi sn othi n g
buttheboy1 u1 us-Y ule-thei n fan tJupi ter .S eeFi g. 20 , theblac kBambi n o .
Agai n ,n ei d . 1 .285 -29 5 ,VI . 7 7 5 ,&c .,
an d VIII
.6 7 8-7 1 4.
6 1 .8

S tar
In c i pe,parvepuer,ri suc ogn osc erematrem
Matri lon gadec emtulerun tfasti di amen ses
.
Herei sthec hi ldlaughi n gati tsmotherassoon asborn ,an di tsmothersufferi n gapregn an c yof
ten mon ths. Zoroaster,Buddha,an dJesusChri st,areallrepresen tedtohavelaughedassoon
astheywereborn .
9
.Whetheran an gelappearedtothemotherofCaesartowarn hern ottohavec on n exi on wi th
herhusban dduri n ggestati on Idon otkn ow,butthi si sprec i selywhathappen edtoAri stothe
fatherofPlato,ac c ordi n gtoApulei us,Plutarc h,an dHesyc hi us
. S othattherec an ben o
doubtthati twasapartofthemythos .'
Astarwassai dtoforetellthebi rthofCaesar
. Thi s
seemstohavebeen an ec essarypartofthemythos ; refertoBookV
.Ch .II .S ec t .
7 .
1 beli eve
when Vi rgi lwrotetheli n e
Ec c eDi on n i proc essi tCaesari sastrum,
hemean tthestarwhi c happearedon thebi rthofCaesar
. Col .Todsays, 2 "
TheChi n eseac c oun t
ofthebi rthofY u( Ayu)thei rfi rstmon arc h,
a
( Merc uryorFo,)astarstruc khi smotherwhi le
" travelli n g. S hec on c ei vedan dgavetotheworldY u,thefoun derofthefi rstdyn astywhi c h
rei gn edi n Chi n a ."
Herewehavethesamemythosofthei mmac ulatec on c epti on i n Chi n a,
an dofthesameGodi fImi staken ot -a' i e .
In Basn agei saveryc uri ousac c oun tofaki n gdomofCosarorCaesar,whi c hhasbeen muc h
soughtafter . 4 Italludestoan otherki n gdomoftheJewssomewherei n theEast .LordKi n gs-
boroughhasn oti c edthi si n hi smagn i fi c en tworkon Mexi c o . 5 Ibeli evethi saroseamon gthem
frommeeti n geverywherewi thremai n sofamythi c ki n gdomofaCaesarwhi c htheyc ouldn ot
un derstan d.Theylearn tthattherewasaki n gdomofCaesarorCosarorTZRorTzari n aruled
byJewson theNorthofIn di a,whi c htheyfon dlyflatteredthemselvesmustkeepali vetheprophec y
thatthesc eptreshouldn otpassfromJudati llthei rMessi ahc ame ; butwhen theyexami n edi t,
i tvan i shedfromthei rtouc h . Theyweretheremai n softheki n gdomofOudewhi c htheyfoun d .
Therei syeton emorec i rc umstan c eofthemythosofCaesarwhi c hshews,i n averyextraordi n ary
man n er,howallhi story,even almosttoourown day,hasbeen c orruptedtoc on c ealorrec ordthe
mythos
. Wehaveseen thatBuddhawasborn fromthesi deofhi smother,an dthattheChri sti an
hereti c staughtthesamethi n gofJesus. Toc ompletethesec retdoc tri n e,Caesarwassai dto
havebeen born bymean sofwhatwec alltheCaesarean operati on , fromthesi deofhi s .mother . No
doubtthi swastoldtothevulgar,buttothei n i ti atedthedoc tri n eofBuddhawastold .When all
theothermysti c alc i rc umstan c esrelati n gtoCaesararec on si dered,then atureofthi sstoryc an n ot
bedoubted .
Thedoc tri n eofthebi rthfromthesi de,beprobablylearn t,wi thmuc hmorethat
hasn otc ometous,fromthe
Chaldean sewhomheemployed
toc orrec tthec alen dar .
DezPrez,theauthorofthen oteson Horac ei n UsumDei phi n i ,begi n shi sdedi c ati on thus

En semdextra,lavali brumten en sJuli usi lleDi vusquon dami n n umi smatevolui teffi n gi ,c um

hac epi graphe,

Ex utroqueCaesar . Juli usCaesarorderedhi seffi gi estobestampedon ac oi n ,

holdi n gaswordi n hi sri ghthan d,an dabooki n hi sleft,wi than i n sc ri pti on thati mported,he
wasCaesarbothbytheon ean dtheother ." Malc olme'sLetters . Bythi shemean t,asan i n -
c arn ati on oftheGodMarsorHesusorAEsar,an dn otasc on querorofhi sc oun try,an dbythe
sec retdoc tri n esofthebook .
Byri ghtoftheLi ber,Bac c ,Boc ,Book,Ihaven odoubtthathe
an dhi sfami lyalways,thoughperhapssec retly,c lai medtobePon ti fexMaxi mus,whi c hon ly
'
Vi deTaylor'sJambli c us, p .6 , n ote .

s
Hi st .Raj.p .5 7 .
3 DeGui n es sur
lesDyn asti esdesHun s,Vol .I .p
.7 .
Bk.vi i . Chap . i .Bk .
vi i i
.

'
Vol.VI
.P.284
.

'
Provedhereafter .
BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 9
6 1 9
wai tedafavourableopportun i tytodi splayi tself . Thec lai mbythebi ber,thebook,i savery
c uri ouspartofthemythos,whi c hIhopetobeablebyan dbytoexplai n .
Man yc i rc umstan c es
mi ghtbepoi n tedoutwhi c hten dtoskewthati n allc oun tri es,i n veryearlyti mes,theoffi c eof
Pon ti fexMaxi muswasheredi taryi n fami li es,asi n thatofAaron ; an dIthi n ki n thatofRome
severalfami li eshadpreten si on stoi t,whi c hwerekeptdown bythejealousi esofthei rc oun trymen
.
In theti meofOc tavi uson eofthepri eststoldan oblematron ofRome,thatApollowasi n
lovewi thher. In c on sequen c eofthi sshewen ttothetemplean d,asshebeli eved,sleptwi ththe
God,buthavi n gmorevan i tythan pruden c e,sheboastedofi t,whi c hc ausedi ttoc ometothe
earsoftheEmperor,whoorderedthepri esttobeputtodeath
.
TheEmperordi dn otapproveof
thi si n tri gue : be smeltarat .
Ourpri ests,n otsowi seastheEmperor,areshoc kedatthei m-
morali tyc arri edon i n thetemples,an dprai sehi mforhi sregardforreli gi on an dmorali ty .But
theymaybeassuredthat,i ftherehadn otbeen someotherreason ,theGodmi ghthavei n tri gued
athi spleasure
.TheEmperorwi shed forn o son sofGod . Iti sprettyc learthatbutaverysmall
partofthi sstoryhasc omedown tous
.
Ihaven odoubtthati ftheproduc eofthi sholyamour
wereaboy,Augustustookc aretoprovi defori t,on lywi thmoresuc c essthan wearetoldHerod's
plan swereatten dedatBethlehem
.
IfPompeyhaddefeatedCaesarhewaspreparedwi thhi sdi vi n ec lai mexac tlyasCaesarwas .
Hewouldhavebeen an i n c arn ati on ofBuddhaorMerc ury
.
xaXwb'apc a
IIolCaawv Eppc rwx9 ovtov.t
APtolemyofEgyptwasc alledS oter
; thi sshewsthec lai magai n :
an dthen ameofthe
Ptolemi eswasoften wri tten Mptolemeus,when theMc ouldn otbeemphati c :thi swas,forthesame
reason thattheprefi xXmi ghtbegi ven toCaesar
.
Fromthesamepri n c i pleproc eedsthedi vi n e
ri ghtofallourki n gs .
Theki n gsc lai mi tbybi rth . Thepopesan dpri estspreten dtogi vei tby
i mposi ti on ofhan ds-Xstporawi a
.Itwastoc on c ealtheori gi n ofthi sc lai m,thatki n gsan dpri ests
havealwaysbeen sosoli c i toustoc on c ealthi smythos
. Theywi shedtoprofi tbyi t,butthey
fearedthatthepeopleshouldun derstan di t
.
In thesameway,i tappearsthatMarkAn ton ywasprovi dedwi th hi s di vi n eri ght,i fhehad
suc c eededi n possessi n ghi mselfoftheempi re
. Juri eusays,MarkAn ton ywasc alledMArc a
An ton i a,alludi n gtoan Egypti an supersti ti on
; buthedoesn ottrytoexplai n i t .
Atoweri n
Jerusalemwasc alledAn ton i a
. TheArc afloatedfromEgypttoByblos . WasByblosc alled
An ton i a? S omeveryi n gen i ousspec ulati on smaybefoun di n Mr
.Barker'sLempri ere,
2 by
ProfessorAn thon ,
3 respec ti n gtheoldRoman n obi li ty ; hesupposesthattheyweretheremai n s
ofasac redc aste .Thi sseemstometobeextremelyprobable .Theywereheredi tarylan dholders,
legi slators,an dsac redperson sorpri ests,eac hperhapsai mi n gtobethePon ti fexMaxi mus-who
wasun questi on ablythefi rstman i n thestate-alljealousofon ean other,an dperhapsagreei n gi n
n othi n gbuti n thec hoi c eofthemosti mbec i leforthatsi tuati on ,asBi shopsofCan terburyan d
PopesofRomearesai dtobeselec ted .
TheAvatarsseemtohavebeen veryn umerous .
M.Creuzer,who,I .suspec t,fromhi ssome-
Ajax,v.1 29 2 ; Ni mrod,Vol .II .p .47 9 .

s
In voc eRome .
3
Ibegleavetodrawmyreader'satten ti on tothi sworkof Mr.An thon 's .
Itexhi bi tsi n averyfavourablepoi n tof
vi ewtheli teraryc harac ter,an dtheen largemen tofmi n d,ofourformer
c oun trymen . Iti sawon derfuli mprovemen t
upon theobsoletean dc on tempti blepri esti smsofold Lempri ere .
Iti sthebestbooki n ourlan guagefortheeduc a-
ti on ofyouth . Itmi ghtbegreatlyi mprovedbymaki n gi tmore
ofan an c i en tGazetteer,an dIhopewhen an ew
edi ti on i spri n ted,Mr .Barkerwi lladdtotheobli gati on un derwhi c hhe
haslai dhi sc oun trybymaki n gthi saddi ti on to
i t . Bythi smean salon ethesi zeofi tmi ghtbealmostdoubledwi thverygreat
advan tage .
6 20

S tar
ti mesusi n gtheword Avatar,
hadagli mpseofthetruean dsec retsystemofthean c i en ts,shews
thatthesamemythoswasappli edtogreatn umbersofan c i en tGrec i an heroes,suc hasTheseus
an dHerc ules .Thi si sperfec tlyc orrec t .
Wehaveseen proofsfromthen amesoftown sor
plac esi n di fferen tc oun tri es,thateac hi n depen den tdi stri c thadi tssystemofAvatars : then ,of
c ourse,thereoughttohavepassed,i n theti meofJuli usCaesar,ei ghtAvatarsi n eac hc oun try
;
thi sac c oun tsforthei rgreatn umber,an dforthegreatn umbersofperson sorheroGodsofthe
samen ame .Eac hc oun tryhadi tsJupi ter ; an dtheon lythi n gwhi c hsurpri sesmei s,thatthe
devoteesdi dn otquarrelaboutthemi n theWest,astheyseemtohavedon ei n theEast
.That
thesystemi sn otmoreapparen ti seasi lyac c oun tedfor .Itwasasec retalludedtoi n thec ele-
brati on ofthehi ghestmysteri eson ly,an dperhapsun derstoodmerelybysomeoftheprofessors
ofthem
.Ti mehaslon gbeen atworkwi thhi sall-destruc ti vesc ythe,ai dedbythepowerofthe
Chri sti an pri ests,todestroyorputoutofsi ghtallthefac tsthattran spi redrespec ti n gi ti n the
worksofthean c i en ts,whi c hhadan yrelati on orsi mi lari tytothefac tsrelatedofJesusChri st
.
Howc an an yproofofthi sasserti on berequi redmorec learthan thatofthedi fferen tc ruc i fi xi on s
ofPrometheus,Ixi on ,&c
.,soc ompletelydi sgui sed,astheyare,an dwhi c hbygoodluc kon lyhave
esc apeddestruc ti on ?
Muc hn on sen sehasbeen wri tten c on c ern i n gtheheroesofan ti qui tybei n gc on vertedi n toGods
;
butn ow,i n theCmsars,Ithi n k,wemayseetherealn atureoftheapotheosi s
.Theyweren ot
supposedtobemen c on vertedi n toGods,buti n c arn ati on sofaporti on oftheDi vi n eS pi ri t
; at
leastthi swastherealan dsec retmean i n goftheapotheosi s .Theyweremen en dowedwi ththe
HolyGhost
.Theyweren othi n gbutmen supposedtobefi lledwi thmorethan an usualporti on of
thatspi ri twhi c hourbi shopsprofesstoputi n tothei rpri ests,when theyordai n thembythe
i mposi ti on ofhan ds-bywhi c htheygi vethemtheun c on di ti on alpowerofremi tti n gsi n s ; atleastso
thebooksays .Li ketheChri sti an sai n ts,theyweren ot gen erally dec lared,ti llafterthei rdeaths ;
thoughduri n gthei rli vestheymi ghtbebeli eved,byman yofthei rfollowerstobedi vi n elyi n spi red,
aswasprobablythec asewi thS t
.Fran c i s,
t asIshallpresen tlyshew
.
In hi sc ase,hi sfollowers
wereon lyfools ; i n suc hc asesasthatofOc tavi usadueadmi xtureofrogueswouldalsobefoun d
.
Oc tavi uswasasec on dCyrus .On thi sac c oun thewasc alled Augustus, an d,asthelastan d
mostholyappellati on ,thesameasCyrus,
FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY , the
Ai wvrawawwvwv-
Deusforti sfuturi smc uli . 2 I
amsurpri sedthatwehaven otali feofOc tavi usbyaLati n
Xen ophon ,tomatc hthe Heathen gospelc alledtheCyropc edi a .I haveveryli ttledoubtthatthe
prophec i es,i n thec aseofOc tavi us,c on duc edtothei rown fulfi lmen t,an dIthi n ki tveryprobable
thathereallybeli evedhi mselfforetold,asman yothers,wi thmuc hlesspreten si on s,havedon e
si n c e ; suc hasBrothers,S wen den borg,&c .Allthi swasi n stri c tkeepi n gwi thwhatIsuppose
wasthefac t,thattheearlyhi storyofRomewasmerelyamythos,whi c hi sstron glysupportedby
man yofi tspreten dedeven tsbei n gon lyc opi esfromthe
heroi c al hi storyofGreec e,asn oti c edby
Lumsden an dNi ebuhr,whi c hIshalli mmedi atelyexami n e
. Then ,astheArgon auti c expedi ti on ,
theTrojan war,&c
.,tookplac eattheen doftheformermi llen ary,orn eros,-theywouldtake
plac eagai n attheen dofthatthen c omi n g .
Ifwec on si derthatthepri n c i paleven tssai dto
havehappen edtotheearlyRoman sareon lyGrec i an fablesrepeated,i ti sn otun li kelythatthe
devoteesreallybeli evedthatn ewArgon auts,&c .,wouldari sei n afewyears .
Isuspec tsome
Gen ti lemysti c sfoun dthattheti mewasshortlyc omi n gwhen thetragedi esofBabylon ,Thebes,
An dJohan n aS outhc ote,whosereli gi on c on ti n uesto
flouri shshe havi n g,tomykn owledge,learn edProtestan t
pri estsamon gherfollowers,i n A.D.1 83 0 -=on e
oftheran k
ofhon ourable .
2
Isa .i x
.6 ,7 .
BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 1 1

6 21
an dTroy,wouldberepeatedi n Rome-NovaTroi aorn ewBabylon
.TheseweretheIrvi n gsan d
Fabersofthei rday,an dprobablythi swasthec orrec tmythos
.
1 0 .BeforeIproc eed,Ibegmyreadertolookbac ktoBookVII
.Chap .VIII
.S ec t .2,forwhat
Ihavetheresai drespec ti n gRome .TheTargumofJerusalemsays,RexMessi asegredi etur
exurbeRomft
.Edi t .Buxt
.Lex .i n Roma.l Thi sc on fi rmsmysuspi c i on ,thattherewasmuc h
moremythologi c matterappertai n i n gtoRome,than whatwehavebeen ac c ustomedtoc alc ulate
on . Isuspec tthatn ewTroys,&c .,wereexpec tedevery6 0 0 years
.In thec aseoftheRoman s
thi swasasupersti ti on ,whi c hc ouldn otbec orrec tedbythatki n dofexperi en c ewhi c hweac qui re
fromhi story,bec ausetheyhadn ohi story .Whatwec allthei r hi story, Mr.Ni ebuhrhasshewn
wasmere
mythos .
Thi swi llac c oun tforadegreeofsupersti ti on whi c hwouldbeotherwi se
sc arc elyc redi ble,amon gthehi gherran ksoftheRoman s .
Agreatman yyearsago,thequesti on ofthetruthorauthen ti c i tyofthehi storyofthefi rstfour
hun dredyearsoftheRoman empi re,wasdi sc ussedi n theTran sac ti on softheFren c hAc ademyof
In sc ri pti on ,
2
byMon s
.DePoui llyan dtheAbbeS alli er .Theformerassertedthesameashad
been assertedbyan En gli shman c alledLumsden ,i n hi stravelsi n Italy-thatman yofthei n c i den ts
i n theRoman hi storywerei den ti c alwi ththosei n theheroi c alhi storyoftheGreeks,an dthere-
foremusthavebeen c opi edfromthem . In replytothi s,theAbbeshewed,fromdatesan dc i r-
c umstan c es,thattheyc ouldn othavebeen c opi edbytheRoman sfromtheGreeks,an d,therefore,
thati fei therc opi ed,i tmusthavebeen theGreekswhoc opi edfromtheRoman s,whi c hwas
bri n gi n gthemattern earlytoaproof
ad absurdum .
Butthatwhi c hseemsprobablehasn ever
been suspec ted,-thattheyweren otc opi esofon ean other,butweredrawn fromac ommon
sourc e
; were,i n fac t,an exampleofremai n i n gfragmen tsofthealmostlost,butc on stan tly
ren ewed,mythos,whi c hwehaveseen everywherei n theEastan dWest,-n ewArgon auts,n ew
Trojan wars,&c .,&c .Butthesegen tlemen ,n othavi n gtheleastsuspi c i on ofan ythi n gofthi s
ki n d,were,aswellasthei rreaders,verymuc hpuzzledtokn owwhattomakeoftheseodd
thi n gs ;
forbothparti esseemedtoberi ght,as,i n fac t,i n greatpart,theywere .
TheAbbeS alli erobserves,thatalthoughDi on ysi us,ofHali c arn assus,fi xesthedateofRome,
yethedoesn otdetermi n ewhetheri twasthen fi rstfoun dedoron lyrepeopled .Di on ysi usc on -
ten ds,thatfac tshavebeen rec ei vedfromfathertoson i n fami li es,asasac redi n heri tan c e ; butto
thi si sopposedan observati on ofLi vy's,whi c hwekn owfromexperi en c etobeveryprobable-
thatfami li eshavei n sertedthi n gsi n thei rown prai sewhi c hhaven everhappen ed
: multaen i m
sc ri ptasun ti n ei s,quzefac tan on sun t :falsi tri umphi ,pluresc on sulatus,gen eraeti amfalsa . 3
Buttherei san otherpassageofLi vy'san don eofPlutarc h's,whi c hseem,taken together,to
plac etheabsoluteun c ertai n tyoftheRoman hi storyoutofreac hofreason abledoubt,even i fi ts
si mi lari tytotheGrec i an fablesdi dn otdothi s
: bec ausethesewri tersmustbec on si deredas
un wi lli n gwi tn essestoan un welc ometruth
.Li vy 4 says,Vi ti atammemori amfun eri buslaudi bus
reor,falsi squei magi n umti tuli s,dumfami li aqui equeadsefai n amrerumgestarum,hon oruwque
fallen temen dac i otrahun t
.In dec erteetsi n gulorumgesta,etpubli c amon i men tarerumc on fusa .
Neequi squamaequali stempori busi lli ssc ri ptorextat,quosati sc ertoauc torestetur .Plutarc h
says,attheen dofhi streati seon thefortun eoftheRoman s,speaki n goftheti meswhi c hprec eded
6 0 3 ofthefoun dati on ofRome,
TsBeti regi TavTa Bc a'pi gew,rc 4g ou7 ev,ou8e
moi o-lu
.evov eXei .
1 1 .In
August,1 83 0 ,afterthi sworkwassen ttopress,an oti c eofMr .Ni ebuhr'sworkmade
i tsappearan c ei n theEdi n burghRevi ew .Thatn oti c esurpri sedmegreatly,fori ti sn oti n the
usualstyleoftheRevi ew .Itc on si stsofalooseti radeagai n sttheprobabi li tyofMr .Ni ebuhr's
Ni mn rod,Vol.III .p.3 81 .

1 Fortheyear1 7 29 .

3 Li v.Li b.vi i i .Cap .xl.

, Ibi d .
6 22
Ni ebuhr
doc tri n e,thattheearlyhi storyofRomei samythos
.Itn oti c eshi sobservati on ofthepec uli ari ty
ofthen umberoftheyearsofi tski n gs,3 6 0 ,wi thoutn oti c i n gthec ollateralfac tswhi c hc on fi rm
themythi c c harac terofthehi story,vi z
.thec i rc umstan c ethattheyareon lyc opi esoffac ts
rec ordedoftheheroesofGreec e
.S uspi c i ousasthen umbersare,theywouldn otofthemselves,
perhaps,havebeen en ough,butsurelythec ollateralc i rc umstan c esoughttohavebeen n oted .In
di rec topposi ti on tothei n gen i ousRevi ewer,who,Ic omplai n ,hasn ottreatedMr .Ni ebuhr'swork
fai rly,'Imai n tai n ,thati ti sn otc redi blethattheverysi n gularn umberof3 6 0 yearsshouldhave
elapsedbetween thefallofTroyan dthebui ldi n gofRome
; 3 6 0 between thebui ldi n gofRome
an di tsdestruc ti on bytheGauls
; 3 6 0 moretothefoun dati on ofthemon arc hybythec aptureof
Alexan dri a ;
an dfromthelattertothededi c ati n gofCon stan ti n ople3 6 0 more ; 2 thewhole
maki n gthesumof1 440
.Ic on ten dthatthen umbers
c on n ec tedwi ththeothermatters doc learly
proveamythos,-amythoswhi c h,li keallothermythoses,wasori gi n allyc on c ealedi n poemsfor
ai di n gthememory-an d,perhaps,when lettersc amei n touse,ac rosti c poemstoo
.Di rec tly
agai n sttheRevi ewerIalsoc on ten d,thatthoughtheastrologi c altai n toftheearlyhi stori esdoes
n otprovethemallfalse,yeti tdoesren derthemdoubtful,wherevertherei stheleastreason to
suspec tthatthemythosmaybec on c ern ed
.An dIc on ten dthati ti sphi losophi c alto
holdi n
suspi c i on
( ROGERBACON)
allsuc hhi stori es,an dun phi losophi c altorec ei vethemwi thouti t .For,
asIhaveobserved,althoughthemythi c c harac terofthehi storydoesn otprovei tallfalse-that
therewasn oRome,thatthereweren oki n gs-yeti tplac esi ti n thesamesi tuati on wi ththe
heroi c hi storyofGreec e,thehi storyofTheseus,&c
.,un ti lthemythosi smadeout
.Ic on ten d
thatwhereverthemythosskewsi tself-an di tappearsthatan hi stori an has,li ketheRevi ewer,
n otc on si deredsuc hmythostobeasuspi c i ousc i rc umstan c e-thewholei sforthatveryreason
tobedoubtedi n agreaterorlessdegree
.Themythoshasc orruptedallhi story
.Whoc an
doubtthattheArgon auti c hi storyi s
a rec urri n g mythos ? Iti sn oti c edbyHomer,an dsomeof
i tsheroesaresai dtohaveli vedlon gafterhi sti me .Now,ourhi stori an shaveen deavouredto
c on c oc tthehi story,soastomakeouton eprobablestory
; whi c h,i fi tsc yc li c c harac terhadbeen
un derstood,theywouldi n stan tlyhaveseen i twasi mpossi bletodo,c on si sten tlywi thtruth .As
Vi rgi lhastoldus,n ewArgon autswouldari sefromti metoti me .TheRevi ewersays,that
GQ hi stori an sdrawlargelyupon thei rown an dthei rreaders'c reduli tyi n mattersc on n ec tedwi th
reli gi on ,when i n rec ordi n gc ommon sec ulareven tstheyobservethemostsc rupulousfi deli ty ."
Butthemi sc hi efi s,thatthemythosi shi stori c al,an dallhi storyi sc loselyc on n ec tedwi thi t .I
amsorryfortheli n ewhi c hthi si n fluen ti alrevi ewhastaken ,bec ausei tten dstoai dthepri ests
i n thei rattemptstorun down Ni ebuhr,an dthustostop i n li mi n e theattempts,byestabli shi n g
thefac tofthemythos,toremovethehi thertoi n superabledi ffi c ulti esatten di n galltheearly
hi storyofman ki n d
.However,Ileavei ttothewri terofthearti c letobeli evei n Romulusan d
theLadyWolf,an d,i fheplease,i n Jac ktheGi an t-ki ller .Ishallc on ti n uetodoubtthei rtruth .
Thefac tofthemythosi sestabli shed
; an dwhatevertheEdi tormaythi n korsayofmyworki n
otherrespec ts,Ihopehi slearn edc on tri butorswi llren dermethei rverypowerfulassi stan c e
i n maki n goutthewholesec retofthemythos . 3
When everIfi n dtheseri ousargumen tofasen si bleman treatedwi thri di c ule,Ialwayssuspec t
thatthepowerofan oppon en ttorefutei ti sweak
.Thehypothesi sofBai llyan dsomeothersso
muc hri di c uled,thattheori gi n ofman i stobesoughtfartotheNorthofIn di a,may,perhaps,
rec ei vesomesli ghtsupportfromapassageofGi bbon 's . 4 Itwi llbeac c oun tedforby
ri di c ule
' P.3 7 4.

s
Ni ebuhr,p .1 7 1 .
Ni ebuhrhasbeen ablyvi n di c atedbytheForei gn QuarterlyRevi ew
.

4
Hi mCh .xli i .
BookX.ChapterIII
S ec ti on 1 1

6 23
an d ac c i den t .I c on fessn ei therofthesemodesofrefuti n gi ssati sfac torytome
. " In themi dst
" oftheseobsc urec alami ti es,Europefelttheshoc kofarevoluti on ,whi c hfi rstrevealedtothe

worldthen amean dn ati on oftheTurks .Li keRomulus,thefoun derofthatmarti alpeople,

wassuc kledbyashe-wolf,whoafterwardmadehi mthefatherofan umerousprogen y
:an dthe
" represen tati on ofthatan i mali n theban n ersoftheTurkspreservedthememory,orrather
suggestedthei dea,ofafable,whi c hwasi n ven ted,wi thoutan ymutuali n terc ourse,bythe
" shepherdsofLati uman dthoseofS c ythi a ."When Ithi n kofCri stn aexposed,ofCyrusexposed,
ofMosesexposed,ofRomulusexposed,an doftheTurkexposed,an dall,li keJesus,savedfrom
thetyran ts'power,Ic an n otattri butethi ssi mi lari tytoac c i den t ; an dtheproofswhi c hIhave
gi ven ofthei den ti tyoftheLati n an dS an sc ri tlan guages,an dthei den ti tyofplac esi n In di aan d
Italy,&c .,&c .,prec ludethehastyc on c lusi on ofGi bbon ,thattherehasbeen n oi n terc oursebetween
Italyan dIn di a .Thec oun tryofJan us,ofS aturn i a,an dItalaortheBull, MUS T havehadac lose
i n terc oursei n
veryearlyti me
wi ththec oun tryofGen esa,S atrun -ja,an dthec oun trywhere
Taurusopen edtheVern alY earwi thhi shorn
.Ileavethesethi n gstothereflec ti on ofmyreader,
qui tec ertai n oftheresult,i fbewi llon lyemployhi sreflec ti on upon them .Toac c oun tforthem
Ic an fi n dn owayc on si sten twi thpresen tChri sti an i ty,exc eptbyadopti n gtheargumen tofPark-
hurst,that,li keHerc ules,Romulus,&c
.,theyareemblemsofafutureS avi our .Tothi s,at
presen t,Ishallmaken oobjec ti on ,whatevermypri vateopi n i on maybe,provi dedi tsproposers
wi llon lyhavec an douren oughn ottoi n sultmyun derstan di n g,bystori esofac c i den ts,an dwi ll
admi tthefac tswhi c hc an n otbedi sputed .
S upposi n gthetheorywhi c hIhavedeveloped,thati s,i n fac t,thetheoryofVi rgi l,tobec orrec t,
thefragmen tsoughttobefoun di n oc c asi on aldupli c ates,aswedofi n dthem,somei n on ec oun try,
somei n an other
.Forexample,thepartofthestoryc on si sti n gofCri stn a'sesc apean dpreserva-
ti on byac owherdfromatyran t,i sthesamestoryasCyrus's,thesameasMoses's,thesameas
Romulus's,an dasseveralothers .Therehas,n odoubt,been ori gi n allyon ehi storyofthemall,
an dthathi storyamythosoradoc tri n e :
an dthedoc tri n eofadi vi n ei n c arn ati oui n eac hage,
whi c hthepri estsofeac hc oun trypersuadedthepeoplemustbelon gtothem,asprovedbythei r
hi story
.ThoughIfeartherei sli ttlehopeofmaki n goutthestoryc ompletely,Idon otc on si der
i ten ti relyhopeless
.TheChri sti an wi llsay,thatthePen tateuc hi stheori gi n almythos ; then I
sayi n reply,byhopelessImean ,i fthatbethec ase,thatbythedi sc overyofamorefullan dpar-
ti c ularac c oun tthewholemean i n gofGen esi smaybedi sc overed
.ForIassume,thatn operson
c an n owbeli eve,thattherealmean i n goftheTreeofLi fe,&c
.,i skn own .Howmon strousi sthe
absurdi tyoftaki n gapartofthi smythos,thetreeofkn owledge,an dmaki n goutofi tsuc hadoc -
tri n easthatoftheaton emen t,adoc tri n en oton lyc on trarytothemoralattri butesofGod,but
subversi veofallmorali ty !
Thean c i en tspi ri tofmysti c i smi swellexempli fi edi n then amesofRome
.Amon gotherswe
aretold,thati twasc alled Epws orLove,bec ausei tsn ame,ofRoma,speltan agramati c ally,
madeAmn or . In thesameway,probably,i tslegi slator,Numa,wasc alledfromMen uorAmun
.
'
Iti sveryextraordi n ary,thatwhen i tmustbekn own tothelearn ed,thatallthewri terson mys-
ti c alsubjec tsc on c ealedthemasmuc haspossi blebyan agrams,an dac rosti c s,an daen i gmas,of
everyki n d,theyshouldbesoun wi seastoc astthesethi n gsaway,an dpayn oatten ti on tothem
.
TheJewsan dGen ti leswereequallyaddi c tedtotheseprac ti c es
.Theyalmostallgavethemselves
falsen ames,even down tothemodern John Calvi n
.Lyc ophron c alledII'ro7 e eoi s,Ptolemy,
aao ewrosfromHon ey :
Apri vorl my ragas, theArrowofVen us.
s
Un derthesec i rc umstan c es,
' Vi deCreuzer,Vol.II .p .5 21 .

'
Basn .Hi st .
Jews, Bk.i i i .Ch .xxi i i .S ec t .i i
.
6 24 Palladi um
howi san yon ewhodoesn otatten dtothemtobeexpec tedtofi n doutthemean i n gofsuc hworks
astheCassan dra ?
In IPet .v.
.1 3 ,Romei salludedtoun derthen ameof
Babylon . Thi sverymuc hperplexed
theLuthersan dCalvi n s,whoweren oti n i ti atedi n theRoman reli gi on
.Butthi swasthemysti c
n ameofRome,asi sprovedfromapassagei n theS i bylli n eOrac le,Li b
.i i i .,whereRomei smost
c learlydesi gn atedbythewordBabylon
.VerytrulyhasNi mrodsai d, t thattheS i bylli n eOra-
c lesareGn osti c performan c es
.
Urusi san ameforthemaleorfemalebeeve . Uri s
theroot . Ur, then ,mean s beeve . Ur-i a
orUr-i an aadi stri c tofIn di a,then ,mean sCoun tryofBeeve,orBull
.Italywasc alled Vi tala or
Itala, whi c hmean t bull.
Itwasc alledS aturn i aregn um ; then ,regn um S aturn i a mean tthesame
asregn um Urus .
S aman wastheGodofItaly .S aman -NathofthatpartofIn di ac alledS aturn ja,
i n whi c hGodwasalsoc alledS um-n aut,i sevi den tlythesame .TheIn di an S aturn jai sfoun di n
ac oun tryofPalli tan a,an dtheItali an Regn umS aturn i aon Moun tPallati n e . Palli oc c ursi n
both ; whi letherei saGod
Jai n i n theon e,an daGod Jan us i n theother .Godwasalsoc alled
S am
; an dMerumean t mere or moun t ; then ,S oi n eruorS ameruwasMoun tS am,ormoun tof
thesun
.
Iti sastri ki n gc i rc umstan c ethatRomeshouldbec alled Urum
;
buti ti sn otsosurpri si n g
when wefi n dItalyc alledItalusorVi tulus .
2
Li ttleton says,Quon damdi c tafui thxc urbsValen ti a,
S aturn i a,Flora, CEPHALON, 3
e7 rTUTo
( ;
orli vesepti c olli surbs,UrbsAugusta,S ac ra,tern a ;
Tusc i s URUM,
etChri sti an i spleri sque,hodi eBabylon
.
4
ThuswehaveRomec alledBabylon ,an dBabylon c alledRome
.Wehaveac i tyofRamaan d
an i slan dofRamai n In di a : an dapoi n tRoman i a . 5 Wehavei n Phrygi aMoun tAraratn oti c ed
bytheS i byl,an daRoma,&c .,an dac oun tryofRoum ; an d,toc ompleteall,wehavei n eac h,
forrulers,CaesarsorKesari .Can an yon edoubtac ommon mythos ? An di tmayhavebeen
an yoftheseRomestowhi c htheErythraean S i byli n herprophec yalluded
.RomewasBabylon ,
an dBabylon wasthec i tyoftheDove,an dLan c aorY e-lan ka
6 orCeylon wasthei slan dofRama,
( i n whi c hwereAraratan dAdam'sfoot-mark,)thec api talofwhi c hwasColumbo
.Wastherea
c i tyofRamaorRomai n Ceylon ,ori n thei slan dofRama
?
CreuzershewsthatRomewasc alledan Olympus, 7
an di n thei rc eremon i estheyc haun ted
Tri -omphe,Tri omphe-thati s,thetri pleOmpbe
.
1 2.Apollohadadaughterc alledChryses
; hemarri edherto
Dar-dan -usof
theopposi tec oast
toThrac eorTroy,an dwi thhergave,asamarri ageporti on ,the
Palladi um,
ori c on ofPallas,
theGoddessofwi sdom . 8
Itwasc arri edbyn easfromTroytoAlbaLon ga,on thec on quest
ofwhi c h,alon gwi thCaesar'sfami ly,i twasremovedtoRome,an dplac edi n thetempleofVesta
.
Caesar'sfami lywasspared,asEn eas'shadbeen ,atTroy
.Hi storyan dn otpoetry,saysthat
IEn eastreac herouslydeli veredupthePalladi um,bywhi c hhepurc hasedhi ssafetyan dsac ri fi c ed
hi sc oun try
.Wasi tthesamewi ththean c estorofCaesar
?
Therei saparallelforthi si n Holy
' Vol .I .pp .228,3 88.
3
M.Creuzer,Vol
.II .Li v.v.Ch .v.p
.5 1 8,shewshowthewordItalac omesfromthewordvi tulus
.
' Isthi satran slati on ofRasorApxt ?
,
Tarqui n thean c i en ti ssai dtohavebui lttheCloac aeMaxi mm,buti ti sforgotten ,when thi si ssai d,thatthefamous
statueofVen usCloac i n awasfoun di n thembyRomulus
; ( seeNi mrod,Vol .I .p .3 20
; )sothaton epartofthetradi -
ti on n ulli fi estheother
.
s
Hami lton 'sGaz.p
.1 84.

6 CalledY elan ki byWi lson .

7 Li v
.
Y . Ch.v.p .5 24.

8 S an dy'sTravels,p .23 .
Boot :X .ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 1 3

6 25
Wri t . Thec asei ssuspi c i ous . Aslon gasac i typossessedthi sPalladi umori c on of WIS DOM
i twasi mpregn able . Itwasc arri edfromRometoCon stan ti n oplethen ewc api talofThrac e,by
Con stan ti n etheFi rst . Imuc hsuspec tthati twasplac edbyhi mi n thec hurc hofS an c ta
S ophi a,an dthatforthi sreason i twasc alledS ophi a
. Con stan ti n ei ssai dtohavegi ven then ame
ofNovaRon i atoByzan ti um,an dtothedi stri c t,then ameofRomeli a :
butIi magi n efromi ts
propi n qui tytoAn ti qui ssi maRoma,asi tmi ghtbec alled,orTroy,thatheon lyrestoredthe
an c i en tn ames,i fhedi dgi vethemthosen ames . Iratherc on c lude,i twasli ketheRoumof
Phrygi aan dtheRamaofCeylon ,an dthathefoun dtheoldn ameswhen hefoun dtheseven hi lls
.
Thec oun tryofIli umwasc alledMysi a,( i a-` 1 n m
mstr,ftuc rlptov,)
li kethepartofThrac ec alled
Romeli a
.
Thi sstren gthen sthegroun dforsuspi c i on . Ptolemykn ewn othi n gofthen ameof
Romeli a . Heon lykn ewtheGreekn ames ; an dRomeli a,i fIberi ght,wouldbethen amewhi c h
prec ededthatoftheGreeks . Itwasthec oun tryofRama.
Letusc astoureyeson an c i en tThrac e,an dwhatdowefi n d? -thedi stri c tfi rstc alled
Thrac e
an dthen Mac edon i a, restoredtoi tsan c i en tn ame,ali ttlec orrupted,Rome-li a ; thati s,thec oun -
tryofRama,wi ththeLi n sertedfroman aturalten den c ytoi mprovetheEuphon yoftheword
.
ThuswehaveRomei n thec oun tryofS aturn -jaan dPalli tan a,an di n thec oun tryofRama
wheretheTri tn urti rei gn edan dthewi dowsweresac ri fi c ed
.Itwasprobablywhen i tfi rstborethe
n ameofRama,thatthegoldmi n eswereworked,thevesti gesofwhi c hwereobservedbythe
Greeks . When theTurks,i gn oran tofGreek,c on queredthec oun try,theyn aturallygaveplac es
then amesusedbythec oun trypeople-theoldn ames
.
In Phrygi a,wi ththeTurks,adi stri c thasrec overedi tsan c i en tn ameofRoum( Wi lki n son 's
Atlas) . Theremaybeseen also a pan i k-IILI, thati sluli ; an d a
Kai sari eh ;
atown ofS i vas ;
aGulfofS amson ; ari verEuphrates,&c .,&c
.Fromthi sc oun trytheRoman sgotthei rPessi -
n un c i an ston e . WemustrememberthatTroywasi n Phrygi a,an dthatRomawasNovaTroi a
.
In Lat .3 9 3 ,Lon g
.45 3 , t wehaveHadri an otherm ; an di n Lat
.3 9 1 ,Lon g
.47 ,wehaveHadri an i
adOlympum,n owc alled Edren os
bytheTurks .
HereIthi n kn oon ec an den ytheUdri n os,or
theTdpn i c .
Isthi stheoldn ame,ortheRoman on e?
1 3 .Ni ebuhrsays,i Itappearsthat,i n c leari n gawaytherui n softheColossaeum,belowthefor-
" merpavemen twhi c htheyhaddug,theydi sc overedremai n sofaCyc loptean wall
.Un fortun ately
" thei rdi rec ti on hasn otbeen stated
.
Itwi llprobablyappearthattheybelon gedto
RomaQua-
~ ~ drata . Iti srathersi n gularthattheyshouldhavec arri edi tthroughthi sdeepvalley
.
Thi s
" modeofbui ldi n gvouc hesforan ageofthec i tyfarbeyon dourc hron ology,an dforan ati on of
"
earlyi n habi tan tswhi c hhadutterlydi sappeared
." 2
Iti san extraordi n arythi n g,thatMr
.
Ni ebuhrshouldc on ten thi mselfwi ththi sobservati on ,wi thoutmaki n gthesli ghtestattemptto
followi tup,byi n qui ri n gwhatthi sn ati on waswhi c hhaddi sappeared,orwhen c ei tc ame
.The
hi storyofRomean dItaly,previ oustoaboutthreehun dredan dfi ftyyearsbeforeChri st,maybe
gi ven i n veryfewwords-asfaraswi than yc ertai n tyi ti skn own .
Itwasprobablyatfi rstoc c u-
pi edbyNomadetri besfromtheNorthofIn di a,whograduallysettledthemselvesi n i tsdeli ghtful
c li matean dsoi l ; an d,un derapatri arc halorpri estlygovern men t, 3
i ti n c reasedtogreatpopulati on
an den joyedastateofpeac eforman ygen erati on s,ti llthelawofc han geoperatedan ddestroyed
thi sgolden age,thi sPan daean state,thi sempi reofPan daea
. 4 Quarrelsan dseparatestatesarose
I D'An vi lle .

s
Vol.II .p
.5 3 0 .

'
Treated of hereafter.
4 Thi swastheti mewhen thec i ty of
S ybari sflouri shed,whi c hhadapopulati on sogreat,that i t
c ouldsen dan army
of threehun dredthousan dmen i n tothefi eld
.Posi don i aorPaestum,whosetemplesan dwallsyetremai n toprovei ts
In di an ori gi n an di tsmagn i fi c en c e,wason eofthetown s of thi sstate
.Theti mewhen i ten joyedtheadvan tages
of the
peac eable,patri arc halgovern men t,beforetheCyc lopoean wallsweren ec essary,wasprobablythati n whi c hi tsbeauti ful
temples of Neptun ean dCereswerebui lt,whi c hyetremai n
.
6 26
Hi storyofItaly
bydegrees,an dthei rtown sbec amesurroun dedwi thCyc lopaean walls
.Itremai n edi llthi ssi tua-
ti on ,someti meson estateprepon derati n g,someti mesan other,ti llthefamoustri beofGauls,un der
Bren n us,arri ved,whooverran thec oun try,pi llagi n gtheopen town s,butn otequaltoc on ten d
wi thhi llfortressesli ketheRoman Capi toli um,theCyc lopn an wallsofPaestum,Corton a,an dother
c i ti es,orthen aturaldefen c esofCi vi taCastellan aorVei i ,i fi twereVei i
.Afterashortc ourseof
vi c toryan dsuc c ess,agreatpartoftheGaulswereprobablydestroyedbytheperpetuali rrupti on s
ofthen ati vesfromthei rwalledtown s,an dfromthei rfastn essesi n theApen i n esupon thei rrear
;
ai dedbyamostpowerfulally,theAutumn Malari a
; an d,theremai n i n gpartweaken edan ddi s-
pi ri ted,li kealateretreati n garmyfromMosc ow,wereexpelled
.When thi shurri c an ehadblown
over,favourablec i rc umstan c esofwhi c hwearei gn oran tgaveaprepon deran c etotheRoman
state,an d,afteraseri esofwarsforac on si derablen umberofyears,un i tedthepopulati on ofItaly
un derherc omman d .Thefortun atec i rc umstan c eofhavi n gaNapoleon ari sei n herstate,i n the
person ofaCami llus,wasqui teen oughtoac c oun tforRomeac qui ri n gthesupremac y
.Perhaps
somesupersti ti on ,respec ti n gthean c i en tCyc lopean c i tyjustalludedto,mi ghtlen di tsai d
.How
thi smi ghtbe,wekn own ot,butprobablythepopulati on ofItaly,fromtheprevi ousstateofwar-
farei n whi c hi thadbeen ,mi ghtbemuc hmorewarli kethan thatoftheEastern an dc i vi li zed
states,orthetradi n gCarthagi n i an ;
an dthusItalymi ghtbequali fi edtoac hi evethec on questof
theworld
.Ithi n kthi si sn earlyallthatc an safelybesai dofRomeprevi oustoi tsdestruc ti on by
Bren n us,i n thefourthc en turybeforeChri st
.Thehi stori esofLi vy,Polybi us,Appi an ,&c
.,&c .,
aresc arc elyworthyamomen t'sc on si derati on
.Ni ebuhrhassuffi c i en tlyexposedthei rfalsi ti es
an dc on tradi c ti on s .
Wehaveformerlymadean observati on on theforgedVedahofRobertdeNobi li bus
.Thec ase
mayhavebeen si mplythi s
.AsAmmon i usS ac c as,i i i formerti mes,hadfoun dtheChri sti an an d
Gen ti lereli gi on stoberadi c allythesame,soRobertusfoun dtheBrahmi n an dChri sti an i n the
ti mesofthemodern s ;
an dheen deavouredsotoc on tri veaVedah,that,byleavi n goutpartof
then on sen seofeac hreli gi on ,hemi ghtbri n gthemtoan agreemen t,un derhi smaster,theGran d
LamaoftheWestern Roumorc i tyofRama
.Hemayhavefoun d,whatwasrealfac t,thatthe
mythosofmodern an dWestern Romewasatthebottomprec i selythesameasthatofan c i en tan d
Eastern Rome
.TheRamaofCeylon provesthepossi bi li tyofthi stheory .Ishallreturn agai n
tothen ameoftheEtern alc i ty
.
In fi n i tealmosti n n umberaretheplac esi n thewri ti n gsofthean c i en ts,an di n t
.i ei rc eremon i es,
wherethesac redArghaorArki sn oti c edoralludedto
.Everymythosofan ti qui tyi srepresen ted
ordi sgui sedi n theformofahi story
.WehavetheTrojan war,theadven turesofBac c hus,Her-
c ules,Theseus,Osi ri s,Cri stn a
.Theearlyhi storyofRomei sli kealltheothers
; an dofthesame
c harac teri sthehi storyofNoah-an allegoryc on c ealedun derthegarbofhi story-Buddha,Jai n ,
orMen u,floati n gon theoc ean i n aboat
; thati s,thepri n c i pleofgen erati on orthegen erati ve
powerreduc edtoi tssi mplestelemen ts
:
theLi n ga,i n theformofMen ufloati n gi n theY on i , i n
theformofaboat
.In Gen esi si ti sNoahan dhi sthreeson s
.Thesegreati n c arn ati on salways
affec tedasi mi li tudetothosewhi c hhadprec eded,then atureofwhi c hi sbestdesc ri bedi n the
prophec yofVi rgi l,an dexamplesofwhi c hmaybeseen i n alltheIn di an Avatars,parti c ularlyi n
thoseofBuddhaan dCri stn a
.Theyarevi si blealsoi n theac c oun tswhi c hwehaveseen ofthe
repeti ti on softheten years'si eges,oftown s,&c
.,&c
.,oftheWestern n ati on s
.Allthesehi s-
tori eswereprobablyrepeti ti on sofmythoses,on thesamepri n c i pleastheIn di an Avatars
.Pre-
c i selyli kealltheotherswastheMosai c hi story
.ThereareAdaman dhi sthreeson s,fromwhom
allman ki n ddesc en dedi n thefi rstyug,age,orworld
.Thesearesuc c eededbyNoahan dhi s
threeson s,atthesec on dyug,age,orworld
.Thoughtheyben otthesamean ymorethan the
hi stori esofBuddhaan dCri stn a,theydon otdi fferfromon ean othermorethan thetwolatter
BookX.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 1 5

6 27
di ffer .
Thetheorywas,thataren ewalofeverythi n gshouldtakeplac ei n everymun dan erevo-
luti on -n ewArgon auts,n ewsi egesofTroy,&c
.Thi sn aturepreven ted,butthepri estsc arri ed
theprac ti c easn eartothetheoryastheywereable
.S i mi laradven tureswereattri butedtoevery
n ewi n c arn ati on
.Thi si sn otatheory,i ti safac t
; an di fmymethodofac c oun ti n gfori tben ot
sati sfac tory,Ibegthaton emoreprobablemaybeproposed
.Mytheoryhasthi spec uli arrec om-
men dati on ,thati trequi resn omi rac lesoradmi ssi on sofi n c redi blefac ts,buton lywhati sprobable
an dc on si sten twi ththec ourseofn ature,whi c hwelearn fromexperi en c e
.
1 4.AsIhavejustn owsai d,i twasattheen dofa MUNDANE revoluti on thataren ewalofn a-
turewastotakeplac e ; butwemayreason ablyask,whatwasmean tbytheword
mun dan e? In
ourdi c ti on ari eswearetold,thatMun dusmean sworld
; buti talsomean saCyc le,whi c hi mpli es
thesameastheGreekwordKorpos
.Itshouldalwaysberec ollec tedthatIamdesc ri bi n ga
systemwhi c hwould,bybei n gc on stan tlyatvari an c ewi thn aturean dc i rc umstan c es,obli gethe
pri esttohaverec oursetosuc hexpedi en tsasc han c eaffordedhi m,whetheren ti relysati sfac tory
orn ot .
Plutarc hsays,thati twasPythagoraswhofi rstn amedallthepartsoftheun i verseKooi .og,on
ac c oun tofi tsorder
.IIvAayopag 7 rp( WTOs WY O! LCCaE
Tri vTa)vo'Amv7 repeoXrv, xO6 iu.OV,Ex
Tag Eli
auTpTa4swg .'Pli n y 2 saysalso,Quem xoap .ov
Graec i n omi n eorn amen ti appellavere,eumn os
aperfec taabsolutaqueelegan ti a . MUNDUM.
1 5 .Cri stn ai sc alledCan -ya .Thi s,when allotherc i rc umstan c esarec on si dered,i sevi den tly
theepi thetoftheApolloofAthen s,Cun -n i -us, 3
an dY atheIEon theDelphi c temple
.Eac hof
then i n ewi vesofCan -yai sc alledRadha,an dan swerstoon eofthen i n eMusesofAoollo
; an d
Radhai stheLati n Radi usorEn gli shRay .Eac hRadhaorMuseor
ri tvn mse or
rrtvn
mshor
femaleS avi ourorMessi ah,wasan eman ati on fromtheS olarDei ty,i n c arn atei n thepresi di n gge-
n i usofeac hageorc yc le .Eac hwasaRay,an dthuseac hki n g-pri estwasaRayjahorRa-yaor
Ra-ja,an dtheRajahwasan eman ati on ,ortheRayJah 4 eman ati n gfromthesolarpoweri n the
formofai ran dfi re .Itwas,Isuspec t,an i n c arn ati on ofwi sdom,ofthe
Raj or Ras. Thi sRas
gen erally,when vi si ble,appearedi n theformofAi ran dFi re
.'Thusc ametheRayofli ght,the
Ras,an dtheRajahorJah theWi se . Allki n gsorRajahswerepri ests,thusalli n spi red,all
i n c arn ati on softheRay-Jah
.Fromthesec ametheRex,Regi s,theRoi ofFran c e,an dthefemales
oftheseweretheRei n eofFran c e,an dtheRan aofNorthIn di a .
Parkhurst"says, " Theperson ali tyi n Jehovahi si n S c ri pturerepresen tedbythe
materi alTri -
"
n i tyofNature : whi c halso,li kethei rdi vi n ean ti type,areofon esubstan c e ; thatthepri mary
"
sc ri pturaltypeofthe Fatheri sfi re
: ofthe
Wordli ght : an dofthe Holy Ghost,S pi ri t,
or Ai r
" i n moti on ."Thi s materi alTri n i tyasatypei ssmi lartothemateri altri n i tyofPlato-asa
type toc on c ealthesec retTri n i ty.
An dthe LORD Godbreathedi n tohi mthebreathofli fe
; an dman bec ameali vi n gsoul .
That
Li b. vi i i . ; DePlac i t .Phi l .Li b . i i . Cap . i .

s
Li b . i i .Cap .i v.
3
Cun o-Beli n us,theadmi tted Apolloof Bri tai n ,was of bothgen ders .Therearec oi n syetexi sti n gwherehe i sso
desc ri bed .Butman ylearn edmedali stshavethought,thattheseweren otpi ec es
of mon ey,butmedalsstruc kbythe
astrologers .
4 Col.Bri ggssays,Rayan dRajaarefoun dtobesyn on ymous
. Vol .I
.P . 7
.Mayn otthewordRajbethesameas
theGreek Pewtoflow, an dtheHebrew 7 m+ i arorrai , toflow?
s
When theHolyS pi ri tdesc en dedupon theapostles,on thedayofPen tec ost,i twasi n theformofaton gueoffi re,
ac c ompan i edbyarushi n gwi n d .
G In voc e
1 7 7 hrb,II .
6 28

Rajah
i s,
hei n sti lledi n tohi mthe
mn
ruh, asParkhurstc allsi t,
ai r,
breath,wi thoutwhi c haperson
c an n otexi st .
When Godhasappearedtoman ,hei soften desc ri bedashavi n gassumedtheappearan c eoffi re
.
ThusheappearedtoMosesi n thebush,an dthuson themerc y-seati n theTempleatJerusalem .
Butwhen heappearedasthe thi rd person totheapostles,atthefeastofPen tec ost,heassumed
n ottheappearan c eon lybutthereali tyofc loven ton guesoffi re,an dthereali tyseemsc learlyto
bemean t,bytheac c ompan yi n grushi n gwi n d .Thatthefi rewasareal,materi alsubstan c e,i s
provedbythesoun doftherushi n gwi n devi den tlyc ausedbythefi redi splac i n gtheai r,theusual
wayarushi n gn oi sei sc aused . Thi sseemsfullytojusti fyParkhurst,i n hi sexplan ati on ofthe
an tv, -rp
qdi s ruh ofthefi rstbookofGen esi s,bythewords
ai r i n moti on . In thi sli ewassup-
portedbyalltheearlyfathers,whoheldGodtheCreatortoc on si stofasubti lefi re .
Herewe
c ometothetruetheoryofthesolarworshi p,an dasusualwefi n d .thean c i en tPhi losophersan d
theFathers,thei ri mi tatorsorpupi ls,tobemuc hn earerthetruththan wehavei magi n ed . If
thesubti lefi reweren otthesolarfi re,Ibegtobetoldwhatfi rei twas ? Wekn owbutofon efi re
orgen usoffi re,howevervari edmaybei tsappearan c e,un derdi fferen tc i rc umstan c es .In the
ton guesoffi rewehaveun questi on ablyaporti on oftheHolyGhostbec omi n gvi si blean di n c ar-
n atei n thetwelveapostles .
Howc an an yon emakeofthese twelve
ton gues on e Comforteror
Resoul ?
Thereweretwelvec omfortersorthereweren on e .
IfIen deavouredtomakeexplan a-
ti on si n suc haman n er,Ikn owwhatwouldbesai dofme . When allthesethi n gsarec on si dered,
Ithi n kmuc hofthevi tuperati on agai n st fi re-worshi pers mi ghthavebeen spared . Alltheholy
Chri sti an fathersbeli evedGodtobeasubti lefi re
.
IsupposetheS hepherdKi n gswhoc on queredEgyptwereRajpoutsorBuddhi sts,ofthe
c oun tryoftheRajahi Bedoueen s,fromRajah-stan .TheIsraeli tesaswellastheRoyalS hep-
herds,wereboth,i n fac t,Arabtri bes-tri besalsofromArab-i aon theIn dus
. FromRajah,an d
PoutorBuddha,c amethen ameofthec oun tryoftheRajaPouts,ortheRoyalBuddhi sts,for
Poutwasan ameofBuddha
.Thei n habi tan tsofthatc oun trywerePalli orS hepherds
.Theywere
RoyalS hepherdsorRaja-PoutS hepherds .
Theyc amefromac oun tryc alledArabi a ; an dasthey
c rossedtheWestern Arabi ai n thei rroutetotheAbyssi n i an Ethi opi a,when forc edforwardsbysuc -
c eedi n gtri bes,theyleftbehi n dthem,tothepen i n sula,then ameofArabi a,whi c hi tsti llpossesses
.
n wn
rusel
orMusewassupposedtobei n spi redwi ththesolardi vi n i ty,an dthi si sthereason
why weseeCri stn a,Apollo,an dJesus,surroun dedwi ththesolarhaloorrays
. In veryearly
ti meseveryki n gwasapri est,ori n otherwordsthepri estpossessedthepowerofthesword,an d
hewasalsoan i n spi redperson ;
when c ei tc ame,thateac hwasaRai orRa-jah .
Noon ec ould
offerthemostsac red( sac redi son ly sec ret)
sac ri fi c ebutaki n g ; when c ei n therepubli c sofAthen s
an dofRome,theyhadtheRexS ac ri fi c ulus,an dwhen c ealsoc ameoursac redherald,theki n gat
arms. Theki n gi n thec eremon i eswasbothki n gan dpri est,li keMelc hi zedek.
Hewassac red,
Xpc .
TheGodApollowas
Xprc ,
thati s, ben i gn us, an dhi spri est Xpro roc .
Hewasthe ; tt1 n
hrs c ommon lyren dered Chrs orCeres,an dthemotherofthefami lyoftheCwsarsofRomewas
Creusa ; an dshec amefromtheTer-i a( orTroyc oun try)an dthec i tyofIli -on ,orIli -vratta,
2
c i ti esoftheseven hi lls,wi ththetri murti ortri n i tyi n eac h . Creusac aused,byherdesc en dan ts,
thefoun di n gofthesac redc i tyofRomaorFloraor Epwc orAmor,readi n theHebrewan dEtrus-
c an fashi on Roma,
wi thi tsseven hi lls,an di tsc api talwi thi tsthreeDi i c on sortesorauyx? rpoi
.
Fromthebeli efthatperson swerei n c arn ati on softhesolaretherealfi re,c ametheglori es,asthey
'
S eeParkhurst,i n voc e,IT
.,whereI DREW, oughttobeI S AVED, hi mfromthewaters .
=Isuspec tthatIl-avrattai sac orrupti on ofn
5
n
ale-n
hw)
z
brat .
BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 1 6

6 29
arec alled,( or,asthelearn edpri estTaylorhasc alledthem,c larys,)roun dtheheads,an dsome-
ti mesroun dthebodi es,ofi n c arn atedperson s
.Wearesousedtoseethi ssolargloryi n pi c tures,
thatwethi n ki tofn oc on sequen c e
; butac arefulexami n ati on ofthemean i n gofthewordGlory
wi llshewthati ti sc orrec tlywhatIhavedesc ri bed
.Thesyc ophan tsofAugustusCaesarsai d,
thathi sglorydazzledthemwhen theylookedupon hi m
.Isuspec ttheRaj
run
rae hasn oton ly
an i n ti matec on n exi on wi ththe rn
rh, spi ri t,butwi ththe tvxn ras, wi sdom .' Gen erally,when
Di vi n eWi sdomortheLogosmadei tselfvi si bletoman ,i twasi n theformoffi reorarayof
li ght .
Thetri n eMusesorMessi ahswerethesameasthen i n eCuretesofCrete
. 2 ThewordCuretes
i son lyatran slati on ofMessi ahfrom
Kupwto
takec are
or preserve or save. Thi sshewsthe
uti li tyoftreati n gallthelan guagesbutasdi alec tsofon eori gi n al
.Ibeli evethat,i n boththeEast
an dWest,then amesoftheGodswereei thern amesfromotherc oun tri es,ortran slati on softhe
n amesoutofon edi alec ti n toan other,asthen i n eCuretesareevi den tlyatran slati on ofthen i n e
Messi ahsorMuses,orn amesformedfromn umbers,i n awaywhi c hIshallpresen tlyexplai n
.
G
ThepeopleofDelphi hadtoldusthattherewereon ly
fi veMuses, an dthattheopi n i on of
GQ therebei n gn i n ei n n umberwasaheresy
.S uc hdi sputesaboutthen umberoftheMuses
~ ~ exi stedi n an c i en tti mes,an dthe
Arrac ovi an Greeks
reduc edthei rn umberto three ."
a
I
thi n kthataMusehasbeen i n theHebrew thug msh .
Wi lln otthi sac c oun tforadoubti n the
ti mesoftheGreeks,orali ttleafterthebi rthofChri st,astowhethertheywereei ghtorn i n e ?
Therewason eforeac hc yc le,li ketheS ali vahan asofIn di a-ofwhommorepresen tly
.
In In di atherewereei ghtVasus
.ThesewereJesusesori n c arn ati on softheHolyS pi ri t,on e
foreac hc yc le
.In theearlypartoftheJewi shGospeltheyfadeaway,an daren otvi si ble
: but
Osee,theson ofNun ,was
on e,
prec ededbyMoses,orM-Oseh,asCri stn awasbyRam
.Eli sha
was on e,
prec ededbyEli jah
.TheVasus,theMuses,an dtheJesuses,wereall,orhadall,sofar
thesamesi gn i fi c ati on astomean on eoftheperson softheTri n i ty,-Tri un eGod-threei n on e,
an don ei n three ;
an dtheyallmean t S avi ours.
Theti tlePharaohi sprobablyac ompoun doftheword
Phre, an d roh-Raj, Roi ,Rex. 4 In
Hebrew -i p7 roe
mean s shepherd. TheshepherdsofEgypt,Ihaveshewn ,wereRajahpoutan s
.
Theyalsoborethen ameofPalli an d roe .
Froman un i on ofallthesec i rc umstan c esthey
bec ameRoyalS hepherds
.
ThestyleofNi mrodi ssuc hastoren deri taltogetheri mpossi bletomakeoutwhen hei s
utteri n ghi sown opi n i on s,ormerelydesc ri bi n gthedoc tri n esofMythology-when hei sthedupe
ofsupersti ti on ,orwhen hei son lydesc ri bi n gi t
:
butIthi n khehasc learlyprovedthatBabylon
wasasec on dMeru,Ili on asec on dBabylon ,an dRomeasec on dIli on
; an dIthi n kwemay
ven turetoadd,thatCon stan ti n e,i n i ti atedi n tothesameGn osti c an dCabali sti c doc tri n e,mean t
Con stan ti n ople,wi thi tsseven hi lls,toheon emoreexemplarofthean c i en tMythosofMeruan d
i tsseven moun tsan dDwi pas
.Hemean thi mself,theson ofHelen a,tobeasec on dCaesar
.If
hewerereallythedupeofsuc han halluc i n ati on ,hewi lln othavebeen theon lylun ati c soverei gn
whohasruledi n theworld
.Whatarec alledhi svac i llati on sbetween Heathen i sman dChri s-
ti an i tyc an n otbesati sfac tori lyac c oun tedforbytheusualresourc esei theroffraud,orofthe
c ommon supersti ti on .
1 6 .1 thi n ktherec an ben odoubtthattheword
K t7 E) pla
ren dered,when appli edtoCyrus,by
theword
won derful,
wastherootoftheepi thetofMi n erva-Pallas-an dassuc hmean talso
wi se
buti tprobablyc ametohavetheepi thetof wi sdom
fromtheuseoftheregi mi n e .In Chaldean
I
Vi deParkhurst .

3
Vi deDi od .S i c .Cap .i v .

3
Clarke'sTravels,Vol .IV.p .20 3
4 Drumi n on d,Pun .In s .p .5 1 .
6 3 0
'5 D pli i sdi judi c are,di squi rere, n KS D plae,
i n terpretati o . 1
5 5 E) phi i sbyParkhurstren dered
to
judge,tomedi ate, or toi n terc ede .I
beli evethean c i en tPhi li ahsorFi leahsofIrelan d,were
person swhosedutyi twastopreservean dexpoun dthean c i en tlaw,whi c hwashan deddown by
tradi ti on ,beforetheartofwri ti n gbec amekn own ; an dafteri tbec amekn own ,they fi led
or
han deddown judgmen ts . TheywerethePhi leati oftheS c ythi an san dIn di an s
. 2 Theywerethe
expoun dersormedi atorsofwi sdom ; thustheyc ametobeusedasexpoun dersormedi ator-
wi sdom .
ThustheGoddessMi n ervac ametobec alledPallas.
In Isai ah,Cyrusi sc alled
H5 D pla,i n ourbook tran slated won derful. Thi si stheholyPala,or
Palladi um,oftheGreeks,whi c htheRoman sgotfromTroyorTer-i a .
Iti sPallasorMi n erva ;
i twasan i dolwhi c hdesc en dedfromheaven ; i twas,Ibeli eve,ablac kston e,aCorn uAmmon i s,
li kethati n Westmi n sterAbbey,on whi c hourki n gsarec rown ed . Itwastheemblemof
Mi n ervaorWi sdom . ItwastheKi n g's-ben c hon whi c hhesat . Itwastheori gi n ofthePoli s
orgate,i n whi c hthejudgeorki n gsattoadmi n i sterjusti c e . Mordec ai sati n theki n g'sgate .
Fromthi sc ametheseatoftheki n g,
.orhi sresi den c e,tobec alledPala-c e . Itwasthesame
wi ththeS ophaortheDi van oftheEastern n ati on s . Di van i sDi v-an i a plac eoftheDi vus .
S ophai s
Zop-i a, plac eofWi sdom
. Di van i salsodi vustan i a,Di vus-sfan -i a, plac eoftheholy
ston e, soften ed,li keCasmi llusi n toCami llus,Pelasgusi n toPelagus,&c .,&c . Theseatofjusti c e
wasprobablyi n theouterc ourtofthepalac e,wheretheki n gc ametoadmi n i sterjusti c e,when c eall
porc heswerec alledgatesorpoli ses . Themen ti on oftheS ofabri n gsmetoan i n qui ry,whyour
hi ghestlawoffi c er,theChan c ellor,i sseatedon alargesofaofwool
. Theword2; 0 0 1 ai s
wi sdom .
Butsophalsomean swool,an dfromthi sdoublemean i n gc amethesofaofwool . The
PallasoftheGreeksi sthe
to
pla
ofIsai ahi x .6 ,mi stran slated,asalreadyn oti c ed, won derful, to
c on c ealtheGn osti c i sm
; fori ti sevi den tfromtheGreekPallas,thati toughttobe wi sdom .
HereIhaven ohesi tati on i n sayi n g,wedi sc overthelostmean i n gofaHebrewwordfromi ts
Greekdesc en dan t . 3 As n 5 D ple, i tmean si n terc essorbetween Godan dman
. ThePalla-di um
shewsthatthe si gma i son lytheGreektermi n ati on
.
IfthePallorPaloftheOri en talPalli orS hepherds,hadthesamemean i n gasthePallasofthe
Greeks,wen eedn otbesurpri sedthatMi n ervaorPallasshouldbeworshi pedi n Italy,Thrac e,
&c .,wherewefi n dsettlemen tsofthePalli orPalesti n i
. Then thePalli wi ll on ly
bean otherform
ofthen ameforRaj-pouts .
Ishallbetold,Ihaven oauthori tyforgi vi n gthemean i n g
ofwi se to
i. .
In deed,thi si strue
. PoorMr .Parkhursthashadgreatdi ffi c ultyi n avoi di n gtogi vethe
mean i n gof wi sdom
tothi srootoftheGreekPallasorMi n erva,an dhasbeen obli gedtotran slate
i textraordi n ary,won derful .
1 7
.Afterallthemostc arefulresearc hes,Ihaven otbeen abletosati sfymyselfrespec ti n gthe
mythologi c al,orratherIshould,perhaps,sayetymologi c al,ori gi n ofHellen orEllen
. ButI
suspec tthatIl-avratta,Il-i on ,
x5 al,el,` Hasoc , wereallc loselyc on n ec ted
; thattheLogosor
Di vi n eWi sdomwasi n c arn atei n man ,an dthatthePalladi um,thei mageofMi n erva,deposi ted
i n thePerg-amus,orPyrg,orfi retowerofTroy,wasallusi vetothi ssamemythos
.
Palla-di um
wasPallasdi us,holyPallas,an dPallaswasWi sdom,theHebrew
x5 D pla . Thepossessorsof
Pallaswerepossessorsofdi vi n ewi sdom,an dthepossessorsofdi vi n ewi sdomwerepossessorsof
salvati on .
Thusthec i typossessi n gthetali sman i c di u-Palla wassafe .
AlltheheroGods
Theseus,Bac c hus,zEsc ulapi us,&c .,weresavi oursan d blac k savi ourstoo
. Theseblac ki c on s
weremadewhen man hi mselfwasblac k
. Hemadehi sGodafterhi mself,an dthen sai dthatman
wasmadeafterthei mageofGod .
lIellen
1
V
all .Coll .Hi b .Vol.V.p .223 .

2
Ibi d .

3 Juri eu .
BookX.ChapterIII .S ec ti on 1 8

6 3 1
Respec ti n g the
Hellen es the learn edNi mrodsays,
"
Hesyc hi usi n ti matestous,thathi s

c oun trymen wereHellen esi n respec ttoc ertai n

Wi sdom
( thati s,c ertai n doc tri n es)whi c hthey

possessed
.` E? Tveg,ofa7 ro Ta
Otog, T8 ` E? vog ? ) 4ppovt oi , 7 )TOt a O~ oi .
In li keman n er

wehearn othi n goftheexploi tsofHellen ,buton lyofhi sprofoun dan dremotelyan c i en t

Cabali sm . ` Hellen ,thefoun deroftheGreeks,saysCassi odorus,deli veredman yexc ellen t
" ` thi n gsc on c ern i n gthealphabet,desc ri bi n gi tsc omposi ti on an dvi rtues,i n an exc eedi n gly
` subti len arrati on : i n somuc hthatthegreati mportan c eoflettersmaybetrac edtothevery
"
` begi n n i n gofthi n gs
."'Agai n Ni mrodc on ti n ues, " Now,Helen ai smerelythefemi n i n e

formofthen ameHelen ,an dtheybothservetoden otethebi sexual,but,ofpreferen c e,femi n i n e

dei ty :
appr 1 TOV avac vav
apc evaua ; Bgwv,B4Vn , .v
i ovIaxxov
.'

If Helen wereDi vi n eWi sdom,Con stan ti n ewastheson ori n c arn ati on ofDi vi n eWi sdom
.'
1 2
IsupposeIn eedsc arc elytoremi n dmyreaderthatJupi terwaslao,
t v i eu . ButHesyc hi us
says,theHellen esweren amedafterJupi ter,whowasHellen . 3 Heafterwardsays,thathi s
Coun trymen wereHellen es,i n respec tofc ertai n Wi sdom,
asjustn own oti c ed
.Weallkn ow
howCon stan ti n ewasc on n ec tedwi thHelen a
.Heun derstoodthesec retdoc tri n eof
WIS DOM
orHellen i sm :
forthi sreason ,asIhavei n ti mated,heprobablyc alledhi smetropoli tan c hurc h
S t .S ophi a . An dfromthi sweseethatHellen i smwasthedoc tri n eofWi sdom
.Eusebi ushas
formerlytoldus,thatHellen i smusc amei n wi thS erug,whi c hc hewsi tsgreatan ti qui ty
.Con -
stan ti n ewasaHellen i stan daGn osti c ,orfollowerofWi sdom,an dalsoof
Xpi g .
Caesar,the
desc en dan tofVen us,wasthesame,wi thhi sli berorbook,theemblemofWi sdom,i n hi shan d
.
Ihaven odoubtthattheuseofletterswasforman ygen erati on ssec ret,sac red,an dc abali sti c ,an d
usedon lyi n themythosan dthetemple
.
1 8.Gen gi sKhan wasc on si deredaprophet ;
theTurki shemperorsc alledKhan s,arealso
c on si deredtobeprophets .Thi si stheTi beti an supersti ti on
;
hen c etheKhan sofTartary . 4
Gui c hartderi vesKhan fromi t ken , i n Greekxo , Jg .5
Fromthi shederi vesDi ac on us
.
IfCon stan ti n ewerean i n c arn ati on ofDi vi n eWi sdomi n thefourthc en tury,Atti la,theS c y-
thi an an dtheHun ,an daKhan ofTartary,wasthesamei n thefi fth
.Heprofessedtobethe
own eroftheswordGodAc i n ac es,aki n dofPalladi um,whi c hen ti tledhi mtothesoverei gn tyof
theun i verse
.Hepreten dedtohavebeen rearedoreduc atedatEn gaddi ,an en c han tedspoti n
Palesti n eupon theshoresoftheseaofS odom
; butwhetherthi smi ghtn otbeaPalesti n ean d
S odomi n theS c ythi an orEastern S yri aIkn own ot
.Hec alledhi sc api tali n theWestthec i ty
ofBuda,Buddha,Babylon i a,an dS usa .
s
Hehadan i n vi n c i blehorsec alledGi an a,whi c hNi mrod
thi n kswasc loselyc on n ec tedwi ththephraseyspayi og
i a7 ro'aNssmp .
Atti ladi edi n hi s1 24th
year,almosttheageofaNestor
.Iti sprobablethathewasheldouttobearen ewedi n c arn ati on
ofOdi n .TheBuddhi stdoc tri n esc an n otbeden i ed
.Bymean softheHomeri dseorBards,suc h
asDamasc i us,patron i zedbyhi m,Ifeelli ttledoubtthatthean c i en tS c an di n avi an mythologywas
i n fac tren ovated,an dprobablyembelli shed,an dthushan deddown tous,whi c hwouldotherwi se
suspi c i on thatwehaveheretheori gi n ofHelen -Di -Al-i n
.
Nosuffi c i en tobjec ti on wi llari sefromtheletter H,when
thec ommon c on verti bi li tyofthetwolettersi sc on si dered
.
3 Ni mrod,Vol .I .p .46 8.

4 S an dy'sTravels,p
.3 7 .

s
Parkhurst,i n voc e i rm hen .
eWi lki n aS aga,Cap .c c c lxxi v.p
.6 0 5 ,i b .Cap .lxi i i .p .1 3 4,Cap .c c c lxxvi i ,p
.49 4
; Ni mrod,Vol . I,p .47 5 .
i Ni mrod,Vol
.I .p
.46 9 .
s
Then ameofDelosi s S n
-i dhl, an di n theplural
l,n ` i dhln . S eeBookVII .Ch .VI .S ec t :4. Ihave a great
6 3 2
Hi eroglyphi c s
havebeen alllost .
Ithi n ki tn otatallun li kelythatthi shardyoldwarri orshouldhavebeen i n -
duc ed,bytheflatteri esofhi sbards,reallytobeli evehi mselfthepromi sedon e,thedesi reofall
n ati on s
; an dIthi n ki tn otun li kelyalso,thatsomesupersti ti ousfearpreven tedhi mfromsei zi n g
theholyan detern alc i ty,when i twasreallyi n hi spower
. Thi sseemstobetheopi n i on of
Ni mrod.
Theren ewalofthean c i en tsupersti ti on byAtti laan dafterwardbyTheodori c ,maysa-
ti sfac tori lyac c oun tforman ypartsoftheotherwi sefadi n gmythosesofan ti qui tybei n gfoun di n
c oloursatfi rstsi ghtun ac c oun tablybri lli an ti n theNorthern c li mes
.
Ourhi stori an serron eously
supposeallthesemythosestohavebeen i n ven tedbylearn edmon ksi n themi ddleages,an dthus
di smi ssthemwi thoutexami n ati on .
On eofthemostc uri ousofallassembli eswasthec oun c i loftheAmphi c tyon s,whi c hc on -
si stedofdeputi esfrom TWELVE tri bes .
Itsdateorori gi n i stotallyun kn own .
An dalthough
i tdi dsometi mesac ti n poli ti c s,asmostbodi eswi llen c roac hon otherpowersi ftheyc an ,
yetIthi n ki twassolelyreli gi ousi n i tsobjec t .
Itwasun affec tedbythePersi an c on quest,
an dlastedti lltheti meoftheAn ton i n es
. ItmetatDelphi . Itwasc alled
Kowov raw
` Eaa
-~
vawouveaelov. Itwassai dtohavebeen foun dedbyaki n gofArgos,c alledAc ri si us
.
In thatc oun trytheyhadaMi n ervaAc ri us . When IobservetheHellen es,thati tassembled
n otfarfromthetempleofCeresatEleusi s,atthetempleofElorJah,wherewehave
foun dthe Xp-qc og an dseveralotherparti c ulars,Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthattheAc ri amust
havebeen ac orrupti on ofthe tv'1 rIr
tehrs theCeresorCres . Buti tmi ghtbe
Axpi oc ortheRam,
whi c hwouldben earlythesame,fortheRamwastheemblemoftheXp7 )g,an dmi ghtthen be
c alled
Ac ri os.
Wehaveherethetwelvetri besmeeti n gi n theS an hedri mor
FuveJpi ov : an d,I
suspec t ori gi n allysen di n g seven ty-two deputi es,howevertheyvari edafterward
.On eoftheGospels
statesJesustohavebeen theson ofaPotter,n otofaCarpen ter
; allthi sIthi n kc omesfromthe
Hebrewn ame tun a hrs,
whi c hmean sbothMac hi n atori n gen eral,an dPotteri n parti c ular .'Thi s
i salsotheGreekEgeug,orplasti c formati vepower .
Epwc
i sbut
wi ry
hrs, an d,i n fac t,i sthe
sameas
tn grs, 2 whi c hmean sCeres.
Fromthi swordc omestheword grass . Thi sbri n gsto
myrec ollec ti on themostan c i en tofthesac ri fi c esofEgypt,sti llc on ti n uedi n In di a,of Grass-
Cufa Grass. The
Hellen i an
Athen i an sparti c ularlyaffec tedtheworshi pofCeres .Theyhadher
atEleusi sasCeres,an datDelphi asXp i
g,an dagai n i n bothasBac c hus,for he wasboth XP-1 9
an dCeres .
1 9
.AsIpromi sedi n aformerpage,In owreturn foron emomen ttothesubjec tofhi erogly-
phi c s . Werec ollec tthatM
.Champolli on foun dwhatseemedtovi ti atehi swholesystem,the
n amesofPtolemi esan dRoman Emperorsupon theoldmon umen tsofEgypt . Wekn owthat
theword Augustus aswellas
Cc esar was sac red : n oon ec an doubtthatsuc hwasthec asealso
wi ththeword
Heli ogabalus :
n oon ec an doubtthemythi c orreli gi ousn atureoftheadopti on of
then umber1 2,bytheRoman s,asthepec uli arCaesars .
Mi ghtn otthen amesoftheEgypti an
ki n gsbeofthesamen ature?
S omeofthem,Ptolemy
S oter
an d Epi phan es, c ertai n lywereso .
Then ,Iask,mi ghtn otthewordswhi c hM
.Champolli on takesforthen amesofthesoverei gn sof
Egyptan dofRomebemerelythen amesoftheGodsadoptedbythesoverei gn sofboth,asthe
Roman di c tatorsadoptedthen amesofJuli usCaesaran dAugustus,thelatterofwhi c hi swell
kn own tobean Egypti an sac redti tle
? Whateverwemayfan c ytothec on trary,wec an n otbe
c ertai n thatthen amesoftheAn ton i n esan dtheothersofthe
twelve mayn otbeli kethewords
Caesaran dHeli ogabalus,thati s,mysti c words,forei gn Lati n i zedwords .Then amesoftheRoman
emperorsarefoun di n theS i byls,an dIdon otthi n ki tan ymorei mprobablethattheemperors
Vi de Parkhursti n voc e
.

' Vi deIbi d.i n voc e .

BookX
.ChapterIII
.S ec ti on 1 9

6 3 3
should
haveadoptedthemforthatreason ,than thatCaesarshouldadoptthen ameofAugustus,
fromtheEgypti an s,orHadri an hi sn amefromtheAdri ati c ,orfromthatsupersti ti on whi c hgave
i tsn ametotheAdri ati c ,theetymologyofwhi c hwedon otun derstan d
.Ihaven odoubtthat
uptoabouttheti meoftheCaesars,Egyptheldamuc h hi gherran ki n
theworldthan ei ther
Greec eorItaly .An dIseen othi n gi mprobable i n thei dea,that,alon gwi ththec eremon i esofIsi s
an dMi thra,the
c on querors ofEgyptshouldhaveadopted Lati n i zed n ames ofEgypti an Gods,of
an aturesi mi lartothen ameofAugustus
.Wemustn otdec i dethati twasn otso,merely
bec ausewec an n otshewhowthewordshadthemean i n g, or
howtheywerederi vedfromthe
Egypti an .Thoughwec an n otsaythati tc ertai n lywasso,wec an n otsaythati tc ertai n lywas
n otso .
Allthi sIproposei n perfec tfri en dshi ptotheHi eroglyphi sts,an dwi thasi n c erewi shtoremove
agreatstumbli n g-bloc ki n thei rway-fortruthi smyobjec t . In
an earlypageIsuggested,that
i ftheletterswereleavesoftrees,ahi eroglyphi c alsystemmi ghtbeformedbyaddi n gother
arti c lesbetween theleaves . S everalwri tershaveassertedthattheHebrewlettershadthe
mean i n gofthi n gs-fori n stan c e,Beth a house, Gi mel a c amel. TaeMarqui sS pi n etosays,that
hethi n kstheEgypti an lan guagehadori gi n allyon lysi xteen letters ; then ,thesemattersc on -
si dered,Iask,mayn otc ertai n thi n gshavestood forthesi xteen letters,an dtheotherpi c turesof
thi n gshavebeen on lyi n sertedamon gthemtoren derthemun i n telli gi bletotheun i n i ti ated? AsI
haveformerlysai d,thi swouldren derthemmoreeasytoperson si n thesec ret .Then thethree
lan guagesmaybefi rst,theepi stolaryorc ommon Copti c
; sec on dly,thesystemformedfromthe
fi rstletters,_asM .Champolli on supposes ; an d,thi rdly,asystemformedbythesymbolsthem-
selves : an d,thatsomei n sc ri pti on smaybei n on esystem,somei n an other ; butn oti n the
absurdwayofmi xi n gthethreei n eac hi n sc ri pti on .Thati saprac ti c ewhi c hi sn otc redi ble
.
Thefi guresfortheIi n M .Champolli on 'salphabet,haveagreatresemblan c etoourIan dthe
Jod.
Upon ac arefulsearc hamon gtherui n sofan ti qui ty,wefi n dalargepartofaMosai c mythosi n
NorthIn di a ; an other,athousan dmi lesdi stan ti n S outhIn di a ; an other,athousan dmi lestothe
Westi n Palesti n e ; an dmi n orpartsofthesamesystemi n otherplac es,asprovedi n then umbers
ofthetemplesofS olomon ,&c
.Thus,aswefi n dtheJudaean mythossc atteredallovertheglobe,
i twouldbeali ttlesurpri si n gi fi tweren otfoun di n Egypt.On thi sac c oun tperson smustn ot
i n ferthatIc on si derthesymptomsoftheJewshavi n gbeen i n Egypt,asthrowi n gadoubton the
hi eroglyphi c s .Iamqui tec ertai n thati fthesec retbeeverdi sc overed,marksofthetri beof
Abraham,ortheludi ,wi llbefoun di n greatn umbersi n Egypt
.Isuspec tthatwhen thetri be
ofwan deri n gArabssettled( squatted,asan Ameri c an wouldsay)i n Goshen ,thewholeDelta,
parti c ularlytheupperpart,wasan exten si vepasturec oun try,latelyemergedfromtheoc ean -
thelowerpart,perhaps,on lybegi n n i n gtoemerge .Itakethi semergi n gtohavebeen ,asCuvi er
wouldsay,somewhereabout20 0 0 yearsbeforeChri st
.Whyaretheren oPyrami dsi n theDelta?
Iwi shtheMarqui shadtolduswhytherearen ohi eroglyphi c son thelargePyrami dsi n Nubi aor
Egypt .Di dheoverlookthePyrami ds,orweretheyun worthyofhi sn oti c e
? Theshepherdki n gs
ofEgyptwerePalli ,ofRaja-poutan a,whofi rstc on quered,an dafterwardweredri ven outof,Egypt
-an dpartlysettledi n Palesti n e,an dmi ghtbui ldJerusalem,asthehi storytellsus
.Theshep-
herds,whoc ameasfri en dsan dweredri ven out,weretheJews
; bothli kethepresen tArab
tri bes-li kethepresen tshepherdMohamedan s
.Astheypassedtheen doftheRedS ea,thei r
pursuersmi ghthavebeen partlydrown ed
.Howveryextraordi n aryathi n gi ti s,thatthe
destruc ti on ofthehostsofPharaohshouldn othavebeen kn own toBerosus,S trabo,Di odorus,
orHerodotus ;
thattheyshouldn othaveheardof , thesestupen douseven ts,ei therfromthe
Egypti an s,orfromtheS yri an s,Arabi an s,orJews ! Thesamethi n ghappen edi n In di a .The
6 3 4
Fi shAvatar
Afghan sorRajapoutan s,shepherdtri besasatthi sday,i n vadedS outhIn di aan dc on quered
Ceylon ,an dweredri ven out,overAdam'sbri dge
; an dthesameki n dofac c i den ti ssai dtohave
happen edtothei rpursuersashappen edi n theWest
.Thi sac c oun tsforthemythosbei n g
substan ti allythesamei n thi si n stan c ei n both,
i n gen erals-but i n parti c ulars vari ed ; an d,as
therewasn olossbydrown i n gi n UpperIn di a,wehavetheNoah,Moses,Davi d,S olomon ,&c
.,
thesamemythosofthesamepeople,butn ohi storyofadrown i n g.Bec ausethehi stori esare
madesubservi en ttothemythoses,astheearlyhi storyofRomewas,wec an n omorei n ferthat
i n on ec asethereweren oJews,Moses,Dan i el,orS olomon ,than that,i n theother,there
wasn oRome,sen ate,ki n gs,orpeoples
.Nodoubt,i n thi sc ase,thetwodrown i n gsthrowsus-
pi c i on son both
.TheseAfghan s,orEastern S c ythi an s,orCeltae,c ametoItalyan dGreec eat
on eti meorother
.TheywereallPallati n i orPalli ,thati s,followersofPallasorWi sdom,an d
S hepherds
.ThuswehavePallati n i on thePoofItaly,on thePoofIn di a,an don theDon of
S yri a,an dDon -ube,n eartheDardan elles .
Ni mrod'hasun dertaken toprove,thattheTheogon yofLuc i an i sprec i selythesameasthat
ofMoses ;
thi sexac tlyharmon i zeswi thalltheotherc i rc umstan c espoi n tedoutbyme ; butto
hi sworkImustrefermyreader .
Thevi olen twayi n whi c h theMosai c system i sattemptedtobesupportedbyChampolli on ,an dhi s
c on n exi on wi thBlac as,Lewi s,Charles,an dtheJesui ts,justi fysuspi c i on .Whydi dn ottheMarqui s
S pi n etogi vealec tureupon thedi ffi c ultywi thwhi c hhei sperfec tlyac quai n ted,ari si n gfrom
thethreeac c oun ts,ordefec ti veac c oun ts,ofDi odorus,S trabo,an dClemen s ? Washeafrai dthat
theboysan dlearn edmen ofCambri dgeshouldkn owtoomuc h ? Hi sChapterXI .,tosupport
theMosai c c hron ology,maybesai dtobeami stake ; an dhi sti radeagai n stphi losophersatthe
en dofthelastc hapter,on lyproves,whatn umerouspassageshadbeforeproved,thatalthough
theMarqui smaybeagoodsc holar,an daveryhon ourablean dgoodman ,an dn owayc on n ec ted
wi ththefraud,i fi tbeafraud,yethemustbeplac edwi ththesai n ts,thedevotees,an dn otwi th
theS oc rateses,Pythagorases,orphi losophers
.
CHAPTERIV
Fi shAvatar-Fi shAc rosti c -Fi shesi n Italy-Dagon
.Jon as-Vi shn u-Nameof
Vi shn u-S ac redFi shes-O,n n es-Cyc lopes-Bi shop
Berkeley-+sc hylus-
Euri pi des-PetertheFi sherman -John -BalaRama-Zoroaster
- Jan us-
Poli oMason s-IdolsModern -John -Mun dai tes-Explan ati on ofWords-
Jasus .
1 .IN
aformerpartofthi sbookIobserved,thati fmytheorywereri ght,theAvatarofthe
i n c arn ati on ofAri es-oftheLamb--oughti n c oursetobesuc c eededbyan i n c arn ati on ofPi sc esor
theFi shes .Ishalln owshewthati tdi dsuc c eed,an dthati twasforetoldi n theS i bylli n eOrac les .
Aquesti on veryn aturallyari seshow,when thebooksoftheS i bylswereloc kedupwi thsuc h
! Vol .I .p .420 .
BookX
.ChapterIV. S ec ti on 2

6 3 5
greatc are,thei rc on ten tsc ametobekn own tobothGen ti lesan dChri sti an s
.Theyseemtohave
been equallywellkn own toCi c eroan dtoJusti n . Thi soffersatfi rstadi ffi c ulty
; but,forsome
reason n otkn own tous,i tc ouldn oti n thei rdayhavebeen adi fc ulty ; bec ausei fi thad,we
maybeverysurethatwhen Ci c erowasargui n gagai n stthem,i n opposi ti on tothefollowersof
Caesar,hewouldn othavefai ledtohaveurgedi t :an dwhen Celsuswas,i n li keman n er,attac ki n g
themi n opposi ti on toOri gen ,i twouldn othavebeen overlooked .
Ithasbeen sai dthatthough
theyweredeposi tedi n thetemple,yetn on eofthemwerec on c ealedexc epttheCum-c an prophec y
relati n gtothefortun esofRome,an dthi sdoesn otseemtohavebeen verysec ret,when Ci c ero
kn ewen oughabouti ttoarguethequesti on whethertheac rosti c di dforetellaki n gtohi sc oun try
orn ot-forthatc ertai n lyrelatedtoi tsfortun es
.
In favourofthegen ui n en essofthesebooks
thereseemsaregulartrai n orc hai n ofevi den c e . Ci c ero,byn otden yi n g,admi tsthatthebooks
ofwhi c hhespokewereac tuallythosewhi c hwerequotedbythefollowersofS ylla . Justi n ,i n
quoti n gthem,gi vesthesamedesc ri pti on ofthemi n substan c easCi c erohaddon e .Then c omes
Celsuswho,i n argumen twi thOri gen ,en deavourstoi mpugn them,butfai ls ; afterthatc omes
Con stan ti n e,exhi bi ti n g,orpreten di n gtoexhi bi t,theori gi n alsfromthetemple,astheyhadbeen
deposi tedbyAugustus .Allthi stookplac ei n an agen earlyasli teraryasourown : when allthe
questi on srelati n gtotheseorac leswerec on testedwi ththegreatestkeen n ess,an dyeti n n oi n -
stan c edoesan yon eoftheparti esden ythegen ui n en essofthem
.Theyn on eofthemgofarther
than toaffi rmthattheywerec orrupted,an dwhen thi si sallegedbyCelsus,bei ssuc c essfully
refutedbyOri gen . An dwhen n whatIhavesai drespec ti n gthen amesIHZ-ougan d
Xor)s-os
i s
c on si dered,wi thallthec ollateralc i rc umstan c esrelati n gtothem,i mparti alperson swi llbe
obli gedtoadmi tthataprobabi li tyexi stsofthehi ghestorder,thattheac rosti c alludedtoby
Justi n wasthesameasthatalludedtobyCi c ero ; an d,i n short,thatthetwoworks,however
c orruptedsi n c e,wereatthatti mesubstan ti allythesame .
In owrequestmyreadertorec ollec tthatwehavehadAvatarsofTaurusan dofAri es,an di f
mytheorybec orrec t,attheti meofChri st,weoughttohavehadan AvatarofPi sc es .
The
Xpl)c os wasadoredun dertheformofTaurus,an dofAri es
; an di ftheac rosti c oftheS i byl
foretoldthe Xpr)c os oftheZodi ac i n i tsproper
c ourse,
i toughttohaveforetoldthePi sc esor
Fi shestosuc c eedtotheLamb,asan objec t
.ofadorati on ; an dsoi n fac ti tdi d-thoughi thas
been keptoutofthesi ghtofthevulgarasmuc haspossi ble
. Theworshi persoftheBullorCalf
ofgold,wehaveseen ,i n an c i en tti mesdi dn otli ketoyi eldtotheRamorLamb . In thesame
man n erthefollowersoftheLambdi dn otli ketoyi eldtotheFi shes .Besi des,theadorati on of
twoFi shes, absurdasman i son thesesubjec ts,doesappeartohavebeen rathertooabsurdto
overc ometheoldprejudi c esofthepeoplefortheLamb
. I Thefi sheswerei n deedveryun seemly
Gods,sothattheattempttoi n troduc ethem,exc eptasasec retsystem,fai led .
Butn evertheless
theattemptwasmade,asIwi lln owprove
.Theac rosti c oftheS i byl,whi c hwasamodeofc on -
c eali n gthesec retmean i n goftheXg-qs-oftheLamb-hadalsoan othersec retmean i n g .
IH2
; O=XPEIY TMEOTTIOZY ,1 2THP.
2.TheAc rosti c i tselfformsan Ac rosti c ,asthelearn edBeausobrehasshewn
. 2 Thefi rst
lettersofthefi vewordsoftheAc rosti c mean IXO=, aFi sh,whi c hwasan amegi ven toJesus
Chri st .
Thi si den ti fi c ati on ofthe fi sh wi ththe
IHY ,XPH2; TOZ an dJesusChri st,an di tssuc -
' In formerti mestheLambwaseaten atthePassover .Thi si ssti lldon e by man yChri sti an devotees,buti t i s n ot
ordered as partofthereli gi on .Butthe fi shes havesuc c eeded,an dtheyaren owordered( thati s,afast-dayi n whi c h
meat i s forbi dden ,butfi shi sordered) .Thi si stheori gi n offi sh days .
Y
Basn age,Hi st .Jews,Bk
. III .
Ch . xxi v
.
6 3 6

Fi shAc rosti c
c essi on ,or,Ishouldrathersay,i tsattemptedsuc c essi on ,mustsurelyappearveryextraordi n ary,
an datfi rsti n c redi ble
.ButIask,whathasJesusChri sttodowi tha FIS H
?
Why was hec alleda
Fi sh ? WhywastheS avi our
IH2
; ,
whi c hi sthemon ogramoftheS avi ourBac c hus,c alled
IXOTY. ?
HerearetheS avi our,theCyc le,an dtheFi sh,alli den ti fi ed . Thean sweri s,bec ause
theywereallemblemsofthesun ,orofthathi gherpowerspoken ofbyMarti an usCapella,of
whi c hthesun i shi mselftheemblem
; or,asMr .Parkhurstwouldsay,theyweretypesofthe
S avi our .
Fromthi si twas,thattheChri sti an sc alledthemselves,
i n thei rsac redmysteri es,
bythe
n ameIIXOT~
; mean i n gIthe
IXOTZ,
an dPi sc i c uli . TheIwasprefi xedforamysteri ous
reason ,whi c hIshallexplai n hereafter .
I % 0 V;

Pi sc i s
Ir
g
Qas

Jesus
X
p"s-os

Chrestus
es .

Dei
Tto; . .

Fi li us
7. wlvp

S alator
.
Jesusi sc alleda,fi shbyAugusti n ,whosayshefoun dthepuri tyofJesusChri sti n theword
fi sh :" for hei safi sh
thatli vesi n themi dstofwaters ."
Thi swasAugusti n 'smodeofc on c eali n g
themystery .
Thedoc tri n ewasprobablyalludedtoi n some
way orotheri n themi rac leofthe fi veloaves an d
twofi shes, bec ause "
Pauli n ussawJesusChri sti n themi rac leofthefi veloavesan dtwofi shes,
" whoi sthefi shoftheli vi n gwater ."
Prosperfi n dsi n i tthesufferi n gsofJesusChri st
:
"for
he
"
i sthefi shdressedathi sdeath
."
Tertulli an fi n dstheChri sti an Churc hi n i t . Allthefai thful
werewi thhi m
.
S o
man yfi shesbredi n thewateran dsaved
BY ONEGREATFIS H .
Bapti smi s
thi swater,outofwhi c htherei sn ei therli fen ori mmortali ty
. S t .Jeromc ommen di n gaman that
desi redbapti sm,tellshi m,thatli kethe son ofaFi sh,hedesi resto
bec asti n tothewater . Here
wec ometothetrue,sec retori gi n ofbapti sm . Ibegmyreadertolookbac ktoBk.IX .Ch .VII .
S ec t .6 ,an dseewhatIhavesai drespec ti n gthesac redn essofwater . S t.Jeromn odoubtun -
derstoodtheesoteri c reli gi on .
TheLambkepti tsgroun dagai n sttheFi shes . Theyn ever
greatlyprevai led,an dsoon ,atleastamon gtherabble,wen toutoffashi on . I Y et,foraparti c ular
reason whi c hIwi lln owgi ve,Ihaveastron gsuspi c i on ,thattheyarekn own i n theAdytaofS t .
Peter'seven tothi sday .
In severalplac esi n ItalyIhaveseen veryexpen si vesepulc hralmon umen ts,n otofgreatage,
atthetopofwhi c h,i n theplac eoftheD .
M.,i .
e .Di s . Man .,grown i n totheDeoMaxi mo, , i s
i n sc ri bedtheword IXOus . Theyareveryexpen si vemon umen tsofperson sofc on sequen c e,to
whoserelati on stheesoteri c reli gi on maybesupposedtohavebeen kn own .
Mac key,2
i n hi sc uri ouswork,soc redi tabletotheshoe-maki n gc aste,c alledMythologi c al
Astron omy,says,thatan c i en tChri sti an mon umen tshadtwofi sheson them,fasten ed ; "li kethose
i n theZodi ac ,togetherbythetai ls,toshewthattheywerethoseofChri sti an s
. Wherehegot
hi si n formati on Idon otkn ow,ashegi vesn oreferen c e . Buthei sc on fi rmedbyCalmet,who
says, " Amon gthepri mi ti veChri sti an sthefi gureofafi shwasadoptedasasi gn ofChri sti an i ty
" an di ti ssc ulpturedamon gthei n sc ri pti on son thei rtombston es,as
a
pri vate i n di c ati on thatthe
0 0 person stherei n terredwereChri sti an s
.
Thi shi n twasun derstoodbybrotherChri sti an s,whi le
" i twasan en i gmatotheHeathen
.
Wefi n dalsoen gravedon gemsan dotherston esan an c hor,
Basn .Bk.i i i .Ch .xxi v
.
'
A veryprofoun d-thi n ki n gshoemaker,ofNorwi c h .
BookX
.ChapterIV
.S ec ti on 3

6 3 7
u
an don eac hsi deofi tafi sh,wi ththeletterswhi c hc omposethen ameofJesus,i n sc ri bed
"
aroun dthem . " I Thi semblemi sfoun di n theorthodoxc athedralofRaven n a,whi c hshews
thati tc an n otbemerelyan emblemoftheHereti c s
. 2 Besi des,i ti sc hi eflyi n mon asteri eswhere
Ihaveseen i t .An dIsupposetheletterswhi c hc omposethen ameofJesusc omposetheword
S avi our,an dthustheyarethesameasJesus .Thei deathatthefi shshouldi n formChri sti an s
thataChri sti an wasburi ed,an dn oti n formHeathen s,i sn on sen si c alen ough .Butallowi n gthi s,
praywhywasafi sh,ortwofi shes,selec tedi n steadofsomeotheran i mal
?
Itmustn otbesupposedthatImean toden ythattheS i bylli n eOrac leshavebeen greatlyc or-
ruptedbytheChri sti an s .Thi si safac twhi c hn oc ri ti c c an den y :butIon lyc on ten dthatthe
probabi li tyi wthatthi sfamousAc rosti c i sn oton eofthec orrupti on s,judgi n gfromthec i rc um-
stan c esoftherehavi n gac tuallybeen an ac rosti c ,asprovedbyCi c ero,an dc ombi n edwi ththe
an c i en tstyle,theX9 ug,an dthe4thEc logueofVi rgi l,&c .Ithi n kfromthi sveryac rosti c the
Chri sti an sbec amepi sc i c uli ,an dn otthatthe
XOus
wasc on tri vedfromtheChri sti an c harac ter,
byChri sti an i n terpolati on
.WhyshouldChri sti an smaketheallusi on totheZodi ac alfi shes? -=
an dsuc hthefi sheson themon umen tsn odoubtare .
3 .Theadorati on ofthefi shesmaybefoun d,aswemi ghtexpec t,i n an c i en tItaly
.Jan us
marri edhi ssi ster Cami ser, an dhadason an ddaughterc alledCamasen es,awordwhi c hi n
Greekmean s thefi shes,
lespoi sson s . Cam-i sei s CamatheS avi our,orIsi sofIn di a,
Eewg or
di vi n elovei n c arn atei n thefi shes .Brahmaseatedon theLotusswi mmi n gon thewaterswas
c alled Camasen es. 3 On eoftheMuses,ortheperson sc alled ri twn msh
ortheS avi our,wasc alled
bythi sn ame,ali ttlec orrupted . 4 AsIhavelatelysai d,Isuspec tthen umberofthesemuses( for
then umberwasn otfi xed)depen dedon then umberofc yc les,amuseforeac hc yc le-thatApollo,
ortheS un ,hadaMS HorS avi ourforeac hS oli -Lun arc yc le .Ofthi smorepresen tly
.
Person si n En glan dwi llsc arc elybebroughttoadmi tthati ti spossi bleforbeli eversi n suc h
n on sen sen owtobefoun d
.Butgreatlearn i n gan dfi n egarmen tsdon otalwaysproduc estren gth
ofmi n d. John son beli evedi n
sec on dsi ght . Erski n ewouldn otsi tdown attablewi thtwelve
others,maki n gtheun luc kyn umber thi rteen .How man yreadersofMoore'sAlman ac khavewe
!
S i rIsaac Newton beli evedi n daemon s,an dwrotesomeverysurpri si n gessayson theRevelati on s
.
JudgeHaleshan gedoldwomen an dc hi ldren forbei n gwi tc hes ; an dTyc hoBrahewasagreat
astrologer
aswellasastron omer
.WhatshallwesayofTran substan ti ati on beli evedbyman y
verylearn edan dtalen tedmen
? When I
c loselyobserve
thegoi n gson amon gtheoldladi esi n
redstoc ki n gsatS t
.Peter's,Ic an beli evean ythi n g .Iftheyhaveasec retreli gi on i tprobably
doesn otgooutoftheCon c lave,or
S t .
Jovan n i Lateran o.
Besi des,Idon otac c usethemof
worshi pi n gthefi shes,i n an yotherwaythan asemblemsoftheS upremeBei n g-astheprayers
ofthePersi an stotheGodBullwereused,whi c hIhavebeforegi ven fromMr .Faberan dMr .
Bryan t .
Theyprobablyon lypaythemthehon ourc alledDoulei a .
Iti sc hi eflyon ac c oun toftheac rosti c ,thattheS i bylshavebeen determi n edbythemodern s
tobespuri ous
. Butagai n ,Iask,whatChri sti an shadtodowi thfi shes,an d why theywere
c alled li ttle
fi shes? In thesefi sheswehavetheS yri an Dagon ,whi c hwasan attemptbydevotees,
who,i n thei rsec retlodges,un derstoodtherealdoc tri n e,toi n troduc etheAvatarofthefi shes,
butfai led .
Althoughthesi gn oftheZodi ac i sc alledPi sc es,i ti sremarkablethatthe two
are
joi n edi n to
on e byali gature,whi c hjusti fi estheChrestus,or
XQ7 jc os,
orben i gn an ti n c arn ati on
ofthatAvatarbei n gc alledIX'Y 'Fi n thesi n gularn umber :i tprobablyalludedtothemalean d
Fragmen ts,No .CXLV.p .1 0 5 .

s
Ibi d .
' Creuzer,Vol.II .Li v.v.Ch.i i i .p .440
.

4 Ibi d.pp .441 ,442.

6 3 8
Vi shn u
female,oran drogyn ous,Dei ty
.Aswemi ghtexpec tfromwhatwehavealreadyseen ,theori gi n
ofthi swi llbefoun di n In di a
.In theen tran c eofmostRomi shc hurc hes,i savasefullofwater .
Thi si sc alledPi sc i n a
.It i s truethatthewordmaymerelymean avesselforwater
.Butfew
person swi lldoubtthati thashereamoremysti c almean i n g
.Thi sPi sc i n awastheBowli foun d
i n therui n sofMun dore,byCol .Tod.
AstheLambwaseaten bytheEgypti an s,theHi n doos,an dtheJews,an di syeteaten by
man yChri sti an si n hon ouroftheS avi ourLamb,soi n laterti mesthefi shi seaten bytheRomi sh
Chri sti an s
.Ibegofthosewhothi n kthi sveryabsurd,as,bec ausei ti s
n ew, man ywi lldo,to
gi vemeamoreprobableori gi n ofthepi ouseati n g fi sh
on sac reddays .
4
.In thehi storyofJon as,wehaveasec on dn oti c eoftheGen ti leHerc ules,probablyi n a
sec on di n c arn ati on
.ThestoryofJon asswallowedupbyawhale,n earJoppa,i sn othi n gbutpart
ofthefi c ti on ofHerc ules,ofthesun i n i tspassagethroughthesi gn softheZodi ac ,desc ri bedi n
theHerac lei dortheLaboursofHerc ules,ofwhomthesamestorywastold,an dwhowas
swallowedupattheverysameplac e,Joppa,an dforthesameperi odofti me,threedays
.'Ly-
c ophron saysthatHerc uleswasthreen i ghtsi n thebellyofafi sh
.
s
Thesun wasc alledJon a,
asappearsfromGruter'si n sc ri pti on s . 3
TheS yri an Godi sc alledDag-on
.Now,thefi shi n whi c hJon ahwaspreserved,wasc alledi n
theHebrew,someti mesi n themasc uli n e
a't dg,
someti mesi n thefemi n i n e,ac c ordi n gtothe
Rabbi es,
r
dge .
Calmethasobservedthatthi sword
Dag mean s preserver, whi c hIsupposei s
thesameasS avi our,awordwhi c hCalmetorhi stran slatordi dn otli keto
.use .Herei sJon as
buri edthreedaysi n theoc ean ,an dc astupagai n bythi spreserver-rai sedagai n to-day
.Jon as
mean s Dove, theemblemofon eoftheperson softheTri n i ty,an dthesameas
Oan n es an das John .
Dagon hasbeen li ken edtotheshi pofNoah,byMr
.Taylor,theEdi torofCalmet'sFragmen ts .
In severalparti c ularstheli ken essbetween Jon ah,an dNoah,an dtheshi porark,an dDagon ,are
poi n tedout .Butthemodern dateoftheti mewhen thi sDagon savedJon ah,about6 0 0 or7 0 0
yearsbeforeChri st,atfi rstsi ghtappearstomakei ti mpossi blethati tshouldbeNoah,exc eptas
aren ewedi n c arn ati on ,an dthean c i en tdateofi tseemsequallytomi li tateagai n sti tsbei n gan em-
blemofthesun 'sen tran c ei n tothesi gn Pi sc es .ButIshallpartlyremovethi sobjec ti on byshewi n g,
i n afuturebookofthi swork,thataveryextraordi n arymi staketookplac eamon gmythologi sts,
an di n deedamon gastron omers,bothi n theEastan dtheWest,ofmorethan 5 0 0 years,i n thei r
c hron ologyorc alc ulati on softi me .In deedthean c i en ts,beforetheti meofHerodotus,i n the
Western partoftheworld,hadn omorekn owledgeofc hron ologythan theyhadofhi story
.
Thei rwholesystemwasmadeupafterhi sti me,fromtradi ti on an dafewobservati on softhe
plan etarybodi esmadeforthepurposeofAstrologyan dAstron omy,n otofHi story .
Besi des,therei san otherwayofac c oun ti n gforthi s
.Wemustrec ollec tthattheNerosc yc le
waspassi n gi n abouti tsmi ddlestate-abouthalfofi thadpassed,when thec yc leoftheZodi ac
Taurusen ded,an dthec yc leof21 6 0 ,ofAri esbegan
.In thesameman n erwhen thesun en tered
Pi sc esatthevern alequi n ox,abouthalfoftheNerosc yc lehadpassed ;
thusthei n c arn ati on of
thatc yc lewasbothAri esan dPi sc es,asi n theformerc asehewasbothTaurusan dAri es
.
Thi si sthereason whytheword Ram mean sbothBeevean dS heep .Asthi sAvatar-Jon asen ded
wi thChri st,hewouldbeborn aboutsi xhun dredyearsbeforeChri st .
5 .In Taylor'sCaltn ettherei sapri n tgi ven oftheIn di an AvatarofVi sh-Nun c omi n gforth
fromtheFi sh,whi c hlooksverymuc hli keJon ahc omi n gfromtheFi sh'sbelly .( Fi g.3 2.)Healso
1 S eeDupui s,Hi st
.detouslesCultes,Vol .I .pp .3 3 5 ,5 41 .

3
Ni wrod,Vol.I .p .21 1 ,S up .Ed .
3 V.Atlan ti c II .pp .1 49 ,1 5 0 .
BookX.ChapterIV
.S ec ti on 5

6 3 9
n oti c esJon ah'sli ken esstotheOan n esofS an c hon i athon .
Thewholeofhi sverylon gtreati seon
thi ssubjec t,i n whi c hhehasc ollec tedan drepeatedamostsurpri si n gmassofn on sen se,
i si tselfa
mostextraordi n arymassofc on fusi on . Thi sari sesfromhi sseei n gmarksofsi mi lari tybetween
severalperson s,wi thoutkn owi n ghowtoac c oun tforthem. Buthehasmadeasortoftable,
un c on sc i ousofwhathewasdoi n g,whi c hwi llshewthe readerthatthi sJon ahorDagon wasa
ren ewedi n c arn ati on . Iti sasfollows
NOAH
In thewater,
i s preserved
byDi vi n epower
i n hi sArk,
i n whi c hhe was
1 ,
part ofa year,
2,
thewhole of asec on dyear,
3 , thebegi n n i n g
of athi rdyear .
JONAS
In thewater,
i s preserved
by
Di vi n epower
i n hi sDag,
i n whi c hli e was
1 ,
part of aday,
2, thewhole
of asec on dday,
3 , thebegi n n i n g
of athi rdday
.
JES US
In theearth,
i spreserved
by Di vi n epower
i n hi stomb,
i n whi c hhewas
1 , part of afi rstday,
2, thewhole of asec on dday,
3 , thebegi n n i n g of athi rdday.
Healsoshewsthatthi sDagon wastheBuddhaNar'ayan a,orBuddhadwelli n gi n thewatersof
theHi n doos .I Nara mean s
waters.
In Hebrew -vi n n er mean s ri ver . 2 Ay-an ai stheHebrew
; r i e orGod,wi ththetermi n ati on an a maki n gNara-ayan a-Godfloati n gon thewaters . Butthe
mostdec i si veproofthatthi sflagon wasan i n c arn ati on ofPi sc es,i sfoun di n fi g .3 1 ofmyplates
ofDagon , male an d female, c opi edfromCalmet,wherethereaderwi llseethedoublefi shesi n
on e-Malean dFemale . 'Iheren ewedi n c arn ati on removesallthedi ffi c ulti es .
Wearei n formedbyMr .Fi n layson ,thatthetemplesi n S i amarec alledPra-c ha-di , an dbythe
Buddhi stsofCeylon Dagoba ; themean i n gofwhi c h,hesays,i s roofoftheLord . TheGodi s
gen erallyrepresen ted asleep . Ithi n kthi sproveswhatIhavebeforestated,thatthi sGodi s the
Dagon ofWestern S yri a .TheDag-oba,orroofoftheLord,Isuspec ti s Dag-o-bi t-n dgi i e
n '3
bi t-houseoftheDag . Mr.Fi n layson ,probablyfromfearofbei n glaughedat,c allstheoldc api tal
ofS i am Y uthi a i n steadof Judi a, asi ti sc alledbyLaLouberean dothers
.
3 Iti sfromthi s
c oun trythattheLasc arsc ome,someofwhomwerefoun d byMr .S alometospeakHebrew .
S eeBookVIII .Ch .VIII .S ec t
.3 .
Twotemplesaredesc ri bedbyHami lton ,i n hi sac c oun toftheEastIn di es, 4 n earatown c alled
S Y RIAN, i n Pegu . On ewasthetempleofKi aki ac korthe
GodofGods .
s
Thei mageofthe
Dei tyi ssi xtyfeetlon g,i n asleepi n gposture ; i twassupposedtohavelai n there6 0 0 0 years
.
Thi si sevi den tlyBuddhaorBac c hus,asweseehi mi n severalexemplarsi n theIn di a-house
.
Theothertemplei softheGodDagun . Theywouldn otletthi sGodbeseen ,buttheysai dhe
was
n otofahuman form . Ithi n khemustbeverybli n dwhodoesn otseeheretheS yri an God
Dagon -theS yri aan dDagon oftheWesti n theS yri an ofPegu
. 6
Amon ghi sepi thets,i n the1 8thOrphi c Hymn ,Bac c hus
i sc alledfi rst-born ,double-n atured,
thri c e-born orthi rd-born ,theKi n gBac hei us,thetwo-horn ed,thedouble-shaped,the
Ayvov an dthe
UlAabi ov.
The
ayvos
maymean
c haste,
butIrathersupposei ttobetheobjec tofthefamous
In di an sac ri fi c e,an dtomean boththeLamban dFi re
; an dthe
wp
.cc i ov, Itake,agai n ,tobea
Hi n dooword,an dtomean the holy Om . The
wordi sc ertai n lyn otGreek : Om-a-di osi sthe
sameasOm-n u-al .
In theorgi esofDyon usustheGreekssun goutthewords TgATrgs .'
Fragmen t, No .CCCCLXXII .p .1 81 .

1
Asi at
.Res . Vol .V.p .V I .
' Mi ssi on to S i am,pp1 5 6 ,220 ,244
.

* Vol. 1 I .
P.
5 7 .
,1 refermyreaderto
BookVI . Ch.III
.S ec t. 2,for the proof, thatthi sKi aki ac ki sthe
IHXor Bac c hus.
6 Vi deBryan t'sAn al
. Vol .III .5 5 8.

'
Bryan t, Vol .II .p .3 3 9 .
6 40

NameofVi shn u
The
Ti ts wasthesac redn omen ,c ogn omen ,etomen
.
ATTri c , ATTri c ,
wasan i n voc ati on ofthe
femalepri n c i pleofGen erati on -theGreatMother .
Bi shopWalton i says, 1 1 Chaldai c e, n zuli er
xn rt
ata vel
rtn n x
atta di c i tur ."
Thuswefi n dBac c husc alledVesta,aswehavebeforefoun d
hi mc alledCeres ;
forthewordVesta,i n Chaldai c ,i s ti rflV asta : thi swordi n Persi an i sAt-esh,
bothhavi n gthesamemean i n g-thatofFi re
.HerewehavetheAn agram
. 2
In theVi shn uofIn di a,( Fi g .3 2,)myreaderwi llperc ei vethat,asusual,theren ewedi n c arn ate
person orAvatar i s treadi n gon theheadoftheserpen t
.
Herealsoweseehi mwi thhi sfouremblems
the book an dthe
sword,to shewthat,li keCtsar,heruledbothi n ri ghtoftheswordan dofthe
book
;
the
c i rc le, emblemofetern alren ewal,an dthe shell wi thi tsei ghtc on voluti on s,toshewthe
plac ei n then umberofthec yc leswhi c hheoc c upi ed . Hi sTri pleCrown orMi tre,orthreeTufts,
skewhi mtobean emblemofthetri pleGod .Theshell,also,i spec uli arlyappropri atetothe
fi sh God .
Hi sfooton theS erpen t'sheadc on n ec tshi mwi ththeJewi shseedofthewoman ,i n
aman n erwhi c hc an n otbedi sputed .
6 .When Ic on si derthesurpri si n gsi mi lari tyofsomeori en talwordstowordshavi n gthesame
mean i n gi n theWest,Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthatVi sh-n u,i sthe Fi shNu .
TheFi shGod,
treadi n gon theheadoftheserpen t,i sverystri ki n g .
Wehavesai den ough,perhaps,oftheTri n i ty-theTri murti -theCreator,Preserver,an d
Destroyer ; butwehaven everi n qui redi n tothemean i n gofthen ameofthi stri pleHypostasi s
.
Wefi n dthesec on dperson c alledBuddha,an d,i n suc c essi on ,Can i yaorCri stn a,an dtheBrahmi n s
n owc allthe
three Brahma,Vi shn u,an dS eva . Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthat,i n formerti mes,
an dwi thBuddhi sts,then amehasbeen Brahma,Buddha,an dS eva,an d,i n suc c essi on ,Brahma,
Cri stn aorCan i ya,an dS eva
; 3 an dthati ti son lysi n c etheequi n oxfelli n Pi sc es,thatthesec on d
person hasbeen c alledVi shn uorFi shn u
. Iti sn otveryabsurdtosupposethemodern Brahmi n s
mayhavemadeami stakei n ac asewhi c htheyac kn owledgetheydon otun derstan d
. Ifthi sbe
admi tted,allthepartsoftheMythosarei n harmon y .
Ikn owthi swi llbec alledaveryboldspe-
c ulati on
: butIrec ollec tthat God, i n S an sc ri t,i sChodorChoder,theEn gli sh
samei s S ami n
S an sc ri t,an dBowlthePi sc i n ai sBowli
. Van Ken n edyhasfoun dman yotherS an sc ri twordsi n
En gli sh,an dIseen oreason whythewordFi shorVi shmayn otaddon emoretothen umber
.
Iti sn otden i edthattheGodVi shn uwasi n c arn atei n aFi sh
. '
Asmi ghtbeexpec ted,thesameprophec ywhi c hwehavefoun di n theWest,i sfoun di n the
East . Vi shn ui n thesac redbooksoftheHi n doosi sprophesi edof,astoappeari n hi s
NINTH
i n c arn ati on i n theformofBuddha,son ofJi n a .
Thi sn umberexac tlyagreeswi th
all myc alc ula-
ti on san dtheori es
.'
Thi si sthe n i n th
AvataroftheBuddhi stsorJai n s .
Col.Todsays,
"
TheBullwasofferedtoMi thrasbythePersi an s,an dopposedasi tn ow
""
appearstotheHi n dufai th,heformerlybledon thealtarsofthesun God( BAL-IS wARA),on
"
whi c htheBuld-dan
( offeri n g
ofthebull) wasmade ." 5
Thi swasthepredec essortotheY ajn i
orAgn i sac ri fi c eoftheLamb ;
whi c h,n otwi thstan di n gtheobjec ti on softheBrahmi n stothe
sheddi n gofblood,yetbleedson thealtarsofCan i ya
.
An d,Ihaven odoubt,i fwec ouldc ome
atthetruth,thatthesac ri fi c eoftheLambwouldbefoun dtobeyetfollowed,ortohavebeen
followedbythesac ri fi c eofthe
Fi shes,
taken fromthesac redfi n n ytri bepreservedi n thetan ks
n earsomeofthelargetemples,parti c ularlyatMatura
.
Ithi n kIrec ollec tthatwhen Ihavetalkedwi thIn di an gen tlemen respec ti n gthetan ksan dthe
' Prol .i i i .p .1 5
.

s
Hagar, p
.1 0 ; seeVallan c ey,
Coll . Hi l,
.
Vol .V.p .223 ,u .
' S eva, I suspec t,
i s S ebaan d S aba,
thereason forwhi c h I shallshewhereafter .
Asi at .Res. Vol .III .p .41 3
.

s
T ran s.Asi at
.
S oc .Vol .II .p
.279 .
BookX.ChapterIV.S ec ti on 8

6 41
sac redfi shes,theyhavealwaysc alledthemVi shn u'sfi shes
.An dwemustrec ollec tthatthe
Brahmi n sarejustasi gn oran t( an di n deedi n man yrespec tsmorei gn oran t)ofthemean i n gofthei r
mythologyasweare .TheBul-dan mean sthe
don umoftheBull. OurEn gli shword bull,
i n
Hebrewwri tten 5 y1 hol,
i sc on stan tlytran slated,ac c ordi n gtothei di oms,bol,bul,bal,an dbel
;
maki n gac asesi mi lartothatoftheVi sh-n uorFi sh-n ujustn oti c ed
.The dan i s theLati n
don um.
Butallthi si sn on sen se,tothosewhodon otun derstan dsomethi n goftheHebrew,an dalsoto
thosewhosemi n dshavebeen poi son edbytheMazoreti c n on sen seofmodern Jews-tothosewho
wi llren derthesi mpleHebrewword 5 va bol bytheletters bn gl orperhaps ben gel, bec ausethey
fi n dmodern Jewspron oun c ei tthroughthen ose .Thi sexamplei sveryapposi tetoshewthen e-
c essi tyofreturn i n gtothesi xteen -lettersystem, tothesystemoftheS yn agogue, i fthesc i en c eof
thean c i en tsi severtoberec overed .
7 . In thei slan dofCeylon orLan c a,tan ksarec on struc tedi n theCyc lopaean styleofbui ldi n g,
an dofasi zetobereallyalmosti n c redi ble .Theseen ormousbasi n s,orBowli , 1 orPi sc i n ae,were
n otfor a few hun dredpri eststowashi n ,butfortheen joymen tofthesac redfi n n ytri be,suc c es-
sorsoftheLamb.
AtthetemplesofIn di a,beforethepri estoffi c i ates,abluti on alwaystakesplac ei n thesac red
ri ver,ortan ki n whi c htheholyfi shesarekept .In In di aeverytemplehasatan kforthefi shesof
Vi shn u . In humblei mi tati on ofthi s,wehavethePi sc i n ai n everyRomi shc hurc h .Iti sn ot
merelyavasorc i stern a,i ti s a pi sc i n a .
Theabluti on i n theEuropean c li matewouldn otalways
beagreeableeven i n Rome .Eac hoftheGrec i an templeshad,ati tsen tran c e,thepi sc i n a,forthe
holywaterofthefi shes.S eePotter'sAn ti qui ti es,an dMi ssS tarke'sTravels .
Ifmymemorydon otdec ei veme,when IwasatNaplesIwastold,thatun derthepalac eof
Nero,on theban kofthegulfofBai ae,wasaverywon derfulreservoi r,api sc i n a,i n whi c hhekept
thefi shforhi stable .NowIi magi n e,thatthi swasforac ollec ti on ofholyfi shes .S urelythe
GulfofBai aan dtheBayofNapleswerethefi n estpi sc i n xi n theworld,aboun di n gi n everyki n d
ofdeli c i ousfi sh .Iti si mpossi bletoi magi n ean ythi n gmoreun n ec essarytoaRoman Emperor
than an i mmen sefi shpon dun derhi spalac e,c losetotheBayofNaples .Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n g
thatthi sfi ddli n gbrute,c alled Nero-s,
wasverypi ous,li keDavi d,orS olomon ,theson ofDavi d
bythewi feofUri ah,whousurpedthethron eofhi smurderedelderbrother,an dli keCon stan ti n e,
c alledbyChri sti an sofallsec ts, theGreat, the n ot-badman ofLardn er,an dwhoseequestri an
statuestan ds,asIhavebeforestated,i n theporc ho S t .Peter'sChurc hatRome,adi sgrac e
tothec i vi li zedChri sti an world .
Mr
.Mauri c e 2 hasprovedthei den ti tyoftheS yri an Dagon an dtheIn di an Avatar .Hesays,
~ Fromtheforegoi n gan davari etyofparallelc i rc umstan c es,Iami n c li n edtothi n kthatthe
~ ~ Chaldai c Oan n es,thePhoen i c i an an dPhi li sti an Dagon ,an dthePi sc esoftheS yri an an dEgyp-
C
ti an Zodi ac ,werethesameDei tywi ththeIn di an Vi shn u ."Thi sIthi n kwi lln otn owbedi s-
puted.
8
.Wi threspec ttotheOan n es,severalperson smaketwoofthem,an dBerosussaysthatthere
wereotheran i malssi mi lartoOan n es,ofwhombepromi sestogi vean ac c oun ti n hi ssec on d
book .
Thesewouldmostli kelyhavebeen shewn toberen ewedi n c arn ati on s,butthebookdoes
n otn owexi st
.Hasi tbeen purposelydestroyed ? Isuspec ttheJohn s,orOan n eses,areli kethe
Merus,theBuddhas,theMan wan taras,theS olei man s,&c .Theywereren ewedi n c arn ati on s,
an dthen amewasgi ven afterdeath,an dsometi mesduri n gli fe,toan yperson whomthepri ests
thoughtpropertodesi gn ateastheguardi an gen i usoftheage .
I N . B. Bowli abowl ! Ac c i den tasusual.

4
Hi st .Hi n d.Vol.I .p5 6 6 .
6 42
Cyc lopes
In thePen tateuc h,whi c hi sthesac redbookoftheIsraeli tes,wemeetwi thn oDagon Fi shor
God .
Butwedomeetwi thi ti n thebook
of
Judges,wri tten n obodykn owswhen orwhereor
bywhom,an dwhi c hwasalwaysheldtobespuri ousbyten outofthetwelvetri besoftheloudi
.
Ibeli evethi sDagon tobethe
fi sh
AvatarofIn di a-theDagon ofS yri an i n Pegu
;
i n fac t,the
emblemoftheen tran c eofthesun i n toPi sc es
.
Theorderofsi tuati on i n whi c hthe
fi sh
Avatari s
n owplac edamon gtheAvatars,bythei gn oran tBrahmi n s,i sofn oc on sequen c e,an dc an n otmi li -
tateagai n stthefi shAvatarbei n gDagon
; asMr
.Mauri c ehasshewn thatthei rexac torder,that
i s, whi c hi sthe
sec on d or
thi rd,&c .,
afterthefi rstBuddha,i sun c ertai n
. I
Atfi rst,n odoubt,my
readerwi llbeverymuc hsurpri sedat,an dperhapstreatwi thgreatc on tempt,thei deaofthe
devoteeshavi n gc on vertedJesusi n tothe
fi sh Avatar :
butwhywashec alledtheLamb
?
An d
whywerehi sfollowersc alledhi sfloc k,an dhi ssheep,an dhi slambs?
Itdoesn otappeartome
tobemoreextraordi n arythathi sfollowers,
asi t
i sadmi ttedthatthey di d,
shouldc allhi ma fi sh,
an dthebeli eversi n hi m
pi sc i c uli ,
than thattheyshouldc allhi malamb,an dhi sfollowerslambs
.
An dIbegtoi n formmyreaderthathewasori gi n allyrepresen tedasalambun ti lon eofthePopes
c han gedhi seffi gytothatofaman on ac ross,ofwhi c hIshalltreatatlargebyan dby
.
Applyi n g
theastron omi c alemblemofPi sc estoJesus,doesn otseemmoreabsurdthan applyi n gtheastro-
n omi c alemblemoftheLamb .
Theyappli edtohi mthemon ogramofBac c hus,
IM ;
the
astrologi c alan dalc hymi c almarkorsi gn ofAri es,ortheRam
M ; an d,i n short,whatwas
therethatwasHeathen i shthattheyhaven otappli edtohi m
?
Theyhaveac tuallyloadedthe
si mplean dsubli mereli gi on ofthepri estofMelc hi zedek,wi theveryabsurdi tyofGen ti li sm
. An d
thi sIwi llamplyprove,i fIhaven otalreadydon ei t,beforeIc on c ludethi svolume
: forIkn ow
n oton eabsurdi tythatc an beexc epted
.
9
.In theearli estti me,perhaps,ofwhi c hwehavean yhi story,GodtheCreatorwasadoredun der
theformoremblemofaBull .
Afterthat,wereadofhi mun dertheformofac alfortwoc alves,
afterwardi n theformoftheRaman dtheLamb,an dthedevoteeswerec alledlambs
:then c ame
thefi shortwofi shes .
Iti safac t,n otatheory,thathewasc alledafi sh,an dthatthedevotees
werec alledPi sc i c uli orli ttlefi shes
.
Arethesec i rc umstan c esac c i den tal ; or,i sasec retsystemof
reli gi on orsupersti ti on heretobeseen
?
Isupposefewperson swi llattri butetheseappearan c es
ofsystemtoac c i den t .
Aswehave lambs an d li ttlefi shes
i n thefollowersoftheRam,Ari es,an d
thec on stellati on Pi sc es,i ti son lyi n c harac tertohavethefollowersoftheBull( thoughn ow
almostlostsi ghtoffromgreatlapseofti me)c alled
c alves,
an dIambyn omean sc ertai n that
wehaven otthemi n theCyc lops .
On eofthemostdi ffi c ultetymon swhi c hIhavekn own ,an dyettomyselfon eofthemostsa-
ti sfac tory,i sthatoftheCyc lopes,whi c hIshalln owc on c ludefromBk
.1 X
.Ch .V .S ec t
.4,5 .
Wemustn otforgettheCyc lopean bui ldi n gs,an d,un derthi sterm,Ii n c ludeallthoseveryan -
c i en tstruc tureswhi c haresoan c i en t,thateven tradi ti on doesn otpreten dtoassi gn own ersto
them-an dthosec alledDrui di c al,whi c haresowon derfullymarkedwi ththen umbersofthe
an c i en tc yc les,markedi n thi sman n er,Ihaven odoubt,beforetheartofli teralsyllabi c wri ti n g
wasdi sc overed,oratleastbeforei twasmadepubli c
.
TheHebrewword n *
.v
oglut
mean tbothyoun gbeevesan drevolversorc i rc ulatorsofthe
etherealflui d . 2
~ 4
gl
mean sac i rc lean dalsoayoun gbeeve,an d
Isuspec t theword 'gay ogl
mean s,S yri ac i 3 , THE c i rc leor THE
youn gbeeve-theHebrewemphati c arti c le
ri ebei n g,i n the
usualS yri ac di alec t,the
yo
. NowCyc le,
theCpron oun c edhard,i sveryn earthe
5 a gl, both i n
soun dan dsen se ; an dtheGreekxuxa-o g
c ,'i ftheGreektermi n ati on betaken off
; thewordsarevery
I
Hi st .Hi n d .Vol .I .p .440 ,4to.
3
An a
g? n l
bec ameCamelorKamel .
2
Vi deParkhursti n voc etai
ogl, VI .VII .
BookX.ChapterIV
.S ec ti on 1 0

6 43
n earlythesame
.Thi stheorymustbec on si deredi n c on jun c ti on wi thwhatIhavesai drespec ti n g
theCyc lopesan dMun dorei n Bk .IX .Ch .V.S ec t .4,5 .
Itc an hardlybeden i edas
a si n gular c oi n c i den c e,thatthi swordshouldhavethesamemean i n g
astheGreekxux% -og,an dasayoun gbeeve,an droun dn essorac i rc leorc yc le,an dthatallthese
c i rc umstan c esshoulddovetai lsoc uri ouslywi thwhatwearetoldofthec yc lesi n thebui ldi n gsor
templesoftheearli estrac esofpeople,an dthemysti c aln umbersofthec yc lesan dtheTauri c
worshi p . Allthi sseemstoagreeverywell,asi tdoesalsowi threspec ttotheGreek o4~ ts .
Wehaveseen howtheserpen ti n eworshi pi severywherec loselyi n terwoven wi ththeBuddhi stor
earli estworshi p .Mi ghti tn otbe
1 1 n t5 ap
oglaubg
In oldIri shChui gorJogmean sac yc leorperi od .In Chaldee
ai r
hug mean sac yc le .Thi si s
evi den tlytheHi n dooY ug .An an c i en tHebrewword( n oti n Parkhurstbuti n Frey)fortheAsp
orS erpen ti s=
y
oksub. In the oksI suspec twehavetheGreek
oc pts ;
an d,i n the
st
ub, the
S IN
aub or w ob, thefami li arorevi lspi ri t,orspi ri tofdi vi n ati on -theWestIn di an OuborAubi
orObi . Butwhen Irec ollec tthec losec on n exi on between theserpen ti n eworshi pan dthec yc les
asexhi bi tedi n thetemples,Istron glysuspec tthatthi swordi s yo theemphati c arti c le,
tt
ks
or
=ksthen umerati on orn umberi n g,
ai
ub or my ob serpen t . Ithi n ktheori gi n alwordhasbeen
3 y ob ;
thereason forthi sIshallgi vehereafter
.Thus,then ,i n theCyc lopes,wehavethefol-
lowersoftheTauri c an dS erpen ti n eworshi p,an dthei n ven torsofthean c i en tc yc les .
1 0 .Ithi n kn operson wi lldoubtthesleepi n gGodKi aki akabovespoken oftobeBac c hus
; an d
wehaveseen also,afewpagesago,thatBac c huswasc alled
w
li aai os, an dwassai di n thehymn
ofOrpheustohavesleptthreeyears . .Althoughtheperi odduri n gwhi c htheGodKi aki akslept,vi z .
6 0 0 0 yearsi sverydi fferen tfromthethreeyearsoftheGrec i an mythosofBac c hus,yet,un derall
thec i rc umstan c es,therei sen oughtoexc i teabeli ef,thatthesamepri n c i pleormythosi satthe
bottomofthemboth .An opi n i on hasbeen en tertai n edbysomei n etaphysi c i an s,thattheworld
i samerei dea,adreamoftheS upremeBei n g,i fImayusesuc han an thropomorphi ti c alexpres-
si on -thatweareallli kethefi guresi n themagi c lan tern , i llusi on -that allatlastresolvesi tself
i n toGod-thegreatPan .Thi sseemstometobetheHi n doodoc tri n eofi llusi on c arri edtoi ts
fi rstpri n c i ples .
Thi sIapprehen ddi ffersn otgreatlyfromthetheoryofBi shopBerkeley,an di sperhapsthe
mostprofoun dan drec on di teofalldoc tri n es .Iti si n perfec tkeepi n gwi ththeHermaphrodi ti c
Tri n i ty-theCreator,Preserver,an dDestroyer .Iti sthefashi on toturn thi stheoryi n tori di -
c ule,butIobservethati ti son lyri di c uledbyperson sofweakun derstan di n gs,c hi eflythepri ests
an dperson swhohaven everreadwhatBerkeleyhassai drespec ti n gi t : person sofun derstan di n g
whorefusei t,don otri di c ulei t .Ihavetwoverylearn edfri en dswhobeli evei n thi sdoc tri n e
.
Theyarebothexc ellen tc lassi c alsc holars,an d,besi des,theyaremen whosemi n dshaveesc aped
theen feebli n gi n fluen c eoftheeduc ati on whi c hhas,un ti lverylately,prevai led i n ourun i -
versi ti es.'Ithi n ki n thesleepi n gKi aki ak,si xtyfeetlon g,ofMoun tS i an , of
Judi a,i n Pegu,we
havethei c on of thi s greatPan . Hei stosleep6 0 0 0 years : when heawakesthedreamen ds,
an dallresolvesi tselfi n toi llusi on -alli sabsorbedi n toGod-thesc en ei n themagi c lan tern
en ds.
' Ihavemuc hpleasurei n gi vi n gan opi n i on ,thatatthepresen tmomen tagreati mprovemen ti staki n gplac ei n
bothourun i versi ti es,parti c ularlyatCambri dge
.
Itrustthat,i n averyli ttleti me,n oon ewi llbeable tosay,that
thei rmembersare on ly remarkableforgreatsc holarshi pan dmean n essofun derstan di n g . Althoughamostlearn ed
wri ter,un derthen ameofNi mrod,Ibeli eveaCan tab,often quotedbyme, hasshewn ushowghostsmovethroughthe
ai r,demon stratedbytheRev.Mr .Ri ddlewhosawon eof them-Iamsati sfi edtherei sn otn owan ymemberof Tri -
n i tyCollege,Cambri dge,whoi safrai dofthem,un lessi tbeNi mrodhi mself .
6 44

Euri pi des
Thi ssleepi n gGodi salsotheOm
: i n theGreekepi thetsofBac c hus,( 0 1 =81 0 S -theDi os-OM-
the Om ofthe Judi a,
an dthe S i an
ofPegu,an dthe OM ofIsai ah .
Myopi n i on respec ti n gthemetaphysi c aldoc tri n eoftheHi n doosrec ei vesastron gc on fi rmati on
fromthelawsofMen u
:"
Thi sun i verseexi stedon lyi n thefi rst
di vi n ei dea
yetun expan ded,as
"i fi n volvedi n darkn ess,i mperc epti ble,un defi n able,un di sc overablebyreason ,an dun di sc overed
" byrevelati on ,asi fi twerewholly
IMMERS ED
IN S LEEP
."I Allthi si smerei dleattemptto
desc ri be that
ofwhi c hman c an formn oi dea,an dthereforebestdesc ri bedbytheHi n dooterm
i llusi on .
1 1
.Ithi n ktherec an ben odoubtthattheseri esofthetragedi esoflEsc hylusc on tai n eda
sac redmythos
.
Butsoman yofthembei n glost,an dthosewehave,bei n gmi sun derstoodan d
c orrupted,i ti sn otprobablethati tshouldbeevermadeoutc learly
. Butyet,i fthefoun dati on
ofthemythosshouldbedi sc overedbymeorbyan yon eelse,therui n softheedi fi c e,whi c hthi s
fi n epoethaserec ted,mayperhapsbesuffi c i en tlyun i tedtoshewthattherealfoun dati on has
been di sc overed .
Thetheorymaybefoun dtofi ttothemythos,an dthemythostothetheory,
an dthustheymaymutuallysupporteac hother
.
Whati ssai di n theplayof .sc hylusrespec ti n gthec ruc i fi xi on ofPrometheus,on Moun t
Cauc asus,fi n dsaparalleli n theAlc esti sofEuri pi des,whi c hi sprovedbyagen tleman ofthe
n ameofH
.S .Boyd,i n theClassi c alJourn al,
2
li kethe Prometheusboun d, tobeasac reddrama
an dheshewsthattheremaybefoun di n i tthewholeoftheChri sti an Aton emen t . Nodoubtall
thesedoc tri n esc amefromIn di a,an darefoun dedon Gen esi s . TheTri n i ty,theAton emen t,the
Cruc i fi xi on ,areallfromthesamequarter,wheretheywerethefoun dati on softheun i versal,
sec retreli gi on ,lon gbeforeJesusofNazarethwasborn .
Mr
.Boydobserves,thatAlc esti sofferedherselfasasubsti tuteforherhusban d,an dyetthe
preposi ti on
vi rep
i s employedasoften as
as' i ,
an dthatthewi feofAdmetusi sn otdesi gn atedby
sostron gan expressi on as avrtXo'rpov,
whi c hi sappli edtoChri stbyPaul .
Ikn owwhatIatn goi n gtosaywi llbethoughtfan c i ful,an dbeturn edi n tori di c ulefori tsex-
c essi vemysti c i sm,butwhen allattemptsatexplan ati on havehi thertofai led,surelygreatlati tude
maybeallowed
. In thePrometheus boun d
wehaveseen ac ruc i fi edGod . Iti ssai d ; thaton e
shallc omeatlastwhoshallhurlJovefromhi sthron e
.Whatc an allthi smean ? Can an yon e
beli evethati thadn omean i n g ?
Io,the femaleTaurus,i s told,thatthi sshallbedon ebythe
" Thi rdofthyrac e,thefi rstn umberi n gten desc en ts,"thati s,bythethi rdofherki n dorrac e,
thei n c arn ati on oftheZodi ac alsi gn s,di sti n gui shedfromthei n c arn ati on softheNeroses
; an d
afterten desc en ts,theten agesofVi rgi l,orc yc lesoftheNeros . In an otei n Potter'ssc hylus
i ti sobserved,that
THETIS ,
thedaughterof
OCEANUS ,
shouldbri n gforthason ,whoshouldper-
formtheac tofdeposi n gJove . Thi si sthefi shAvatar,orthemalean dfemale,an drogyn ous
Pi sc es,daughterofOc ean us,when thefamous6 0 0 0 yearsshoulden dan dthemi llen i umbegi n -
when Jove,thec reator,should,wi thallthi n gselse,resolvehi mselfi n totheBrahme-Mai a,orIllu-
si on ofIn di a .
Ishallexplai n thi shereafter . 3
1 2
.Theheadofthereli gi on i n whi c hwehavefoun dthefi shesi n Italy,thePope,rec ei vedall
hi sauthori tyfromafi sherman ,c alledPeter .Wemustn owmakeali ttlei n qui ryi n tothehi story
ofthi sPeter,whomweshallfi n daverymysteri ousperson .
Matt .xvi
.1 7 -1 9 :
An dJesussai dun tohi m,Blessedartthou,S i mon Bar-Jon es .
Agai n
. I sayun tothee,thatthouartPeter :an dupon thi sroc kIwi llbui ldmyc hurc h .
' Chap .i .5 .Adverti semen ttoVol .V.Asi at
.Res.p .v.

Q
Vol. XXXVII . p.1 0 .
3
Thetragedi esofthean c i en tswereori gi n allyallofasac redc harac ter,an dwerei mi tatedbyourplaysc alled
mys-
teri es, i n theti meofEli zabeth .
BookX
.ChapterIV.S ec ti on 1 2

6 45
Agai n .
I wi llgi veun totheethekeysoftheki n gdomofheaven
.
Whatc an bethemean i n gofthi sPeterorRoc k,c alledS i mon ,theson ofJan usorJon as,orthe
son ofJai n ,ortheson oftheDove,ortheson oftheIon i -tbegen erati vepri n c i ple ? Doesi t
mean ,thaton theun i on ofthetwopri n c i plesofgen erati on thec hurc hshallbefoun ded
? What
saytheoppon en tsof allegory i n theS c ri pturestothi s ? Daretheyden ythatthi si sfi gurati ve
lan guage ?
Wi lltheytellmei tsli teralmean i n g? Wi lltheydaretosaytherei sn otac on c ealed
mean i n gi n thesetexts?
On thi s ston e,
whi c hwastheemblemofthemalegen erati vepri n c i ple,theLi n ga,Jesusfoun ded
hi sc hurc h
.Thi ssac redston ei sfoun dthroughoutalltheworld . In In di aateverytemple .The
Jewshadi ti n theston eofJac ob,whi c hhean oi n tedwi thoi l.TheGreeks,atDelphi ,li keJac ob,
an oi n tedi twi thoi l
.Theblac kston ewasi n theCaaba,atMec c a,lon gbeforetheti meofMoha-
med,an dwaspreservedbyhi mwhen hedestroyedtheDovean dtheImages
.Hen oton lypre-
servedi t,buthec ausedi ttobe bui lti n tothec orn er ofthesac redCaaba,wherei ti sn owki ssedan d
adoredbyallMohamedan swhomakethepi lgri magetoMec c a .Isi tthec orn er-ston eon whi c h
theTempleorChurc hi sbui lt? TheRoman sgotpossessi on ofthesac redPessi n un c i an ston e .
When Cambysesdestroyedthetemplesi n Egypt,helefttheobeli sksorsi n gleston es-theLi n g-
amsun touc hed,an di n li keman n ertheyaren owleftun touc hedbytheMohamedan s .Themodern
Roman shaveon ei n fron tofalmosteveryc hurc hi n Rome,an dtherearefewc hurc hyardsi n En -
glan dwi thouton e,on thetopofwhi c hi sfi xedadi al,orformerlyac ross .Wehavei tyeti n the
fi retowersofIrelan d,an di n thesi n gleston efoun dn eareveryGi lgalorDrui di c alc i rc le ; wehave
i tasaboun dary,atermi n us,atthedi vi si on ofallourpari shes,an don ourMotehi lls,an di n Rud-
ston ec hurc hyard,i n Y orkshi re ;
1
an d,toc ompleteall,wehavei ti n Westmi n sterAbbey,on
whi c hourki n gssi tatthei rc oron ati on s
.When Iexami n edthi sston e,Igreatlyshoc kedthereli -
gi ousfeeli n gofthekeeper,byproposi n gtoapplyac hi seltoseewhatwasi tsn ature : buti t
appearedtobeashellli meston e
.IthoughtIperc ei vedtheCorn uAmmon i sorArgoArgon auta
upon i t. Whethertheallusi on i n theGospeli stothi sspec i esofston e,Iwi lln otbeposi ti ve,
butthec i rc umstan c esaresurelysuspi c i ous .
Ibeli eveIamn ottheon lyperson ,byman ythousan ds,whohasthoughtthatexpressi on of
Jesus'sveryextraordi n aryi n whi c hhesaysto
Peter,Bar-Jon a-thouartPeter
; an dUpon THIS
roc kIwi llbui ldmyc hurc h . Peterwasn otthec ommon n ameofthi sapostle,butac ogn omen or
si rn amegi ven tohi mbyChri st .Hi sn ameappearstohavebeen S i n -i on . Mr .Bryan t
2 says,
~ ~ When theworshi pofthesun wasalmostun i versal,thi swason en ameofthatdei ty,even amon g
~ Q theGreeks
.Theyc alledhi mPetor,an dPetros,an dhi stemplewasstyledPetra ."Wherethe
templeshadthi sn ame,heshewsthattherewasgen erallyasac redston ewhi c hwassupposedto
havedesc en dedfromheaven .Peteri salsoc alledCephas,whi c h,i n Hebrew,mean saston e
.
In theori en tallan guages,wi thoutvowels,Petor,Petra,Patera,areallthesame
.In theWest-
ern lan guages
Peter hasthreesi gn i fi c ati on s : Paoter,
a
pastor
;
Peter( Be-ti r),afi sherman ofa
Peter boat
; an d Petra, a Roc k
.
3
S axavoc an tItali medi i s quae i n fluc ti busAras
'
TheFren c hPeterorPi errei sPi -ara,an dourPi er-glassc omesfromthi s
.Ari n Celti c mean s
ston e ; thi si stheHebrew 7
; 1
er orHar,ston emoun t,roc k,asHar-geri zi m
.Thi sston ewasthe
emblemofwi sdomorthegen erati vepower,"an dIsuspec tfromthi s,aston ec ametobec alled
S ax-um . WhysaxIshallexplai n hereafter
.Mi thraorthesun c opulatedwi thaston e,when c e
c ameason c alledDi -orphosorLi ght . 5
Thi si stheHolyOrpheus
.An dfromthefi reproc eed-
S ee S eeCelti c Drui ds,plates .

'
An al. Vol.I .p .29 1 .

' Clelan d'sS pec i men , p

.6 2.
* Vi rgi l .

' Mauri c eIn d .An t . Vol.II,p .20 7 .

6 46

PetertheFi sherman
i n gfromtheFli n tston e,c ameAllegori esrespec ti n gthePetrosorston e,i n en dlessvari ety .S i r
W.Ouseley 1
hasshewn Mi thra tomean c yc le .
Thepri estsoftheorac lesoftheGreekswhowerec alledOmphi ,orDelphi ,ortheOsMi n xae,
ortheMatri x,ortheUmbi li c us,werec alledPaterm. 2
Boc hartsays,"Paterae,S ac erdotesApol-
" li n i s,orac ulorumi n terpretes :" on whi c hMr
.Bryan t 3 observes,
a
PatororPetor,wasan Egyp-
ti an word ;
an dMoses,speaki n gofJosephan dthedreamsofPharaoh,morethan on c emakes
"
useofi ti n thesen seabove .Itoc c ursGen esi sxli .8,1 3 ,an dman i festlyalludestoan i n terpre-
tati on ofthatdi vi n ei n terc oursewhi c htheEgypti an sstyledOmphi .Thi swasc ommun i c atedto

Pharoahbyadream
.TheseOmphean vi si on swereexplai n edbyJoseph : hei n terpretedthe

dreamsofPharaoh : whereforetheti tleofPatori srec kon edbytheRabbi n samon gthen amesof

Joseph . Therei sthoughttobethesameallusi on todi vi n ei n terpretati on i n then ameofthe
ApostlePeter :
IIezgog, o e7 ri ? uc ov, o e7 rgwc o6 xwY .
Hesyc h .Petrus,Hebrxosermon e,agn o-
" sc en sn otatArator .""
In aformerpartofthi sworkIhaveshewn thatthegolden Patermwhi c hwerehun groun dthe
largeUmbi li c usorOmphalos,when i twasc arri edi n proc essi on atDelphi ,an di n Egypti n thei r
voyagesofsalvati on ,argon auti c expedi ti on s,werethesameasthevesselc alledArghai n In di a
.
Theywerevoti veofferi n gs,emblemati c alofthegen erati vepowersofn ature
.Itwasfromattac h-
men t,orallegedattac hmen t,tothi ssupersti ti on ,i n somewayorother,thattheMan i c haean swere
c alledPateri n i ,bythei radversari es,asatermofreproac h .Itoften happen sthatsec tsarec alled
byan ameallusi vetosomedoc tri n eorperson towhi c htheyhavean utteraversi on ,bythei rad-
versari es,asatermofi n sult,an dfromthi s,wi thoutmuc hc are,greatmi stakesmayari se
; an d
thi sobservati on i spec uli arlyappli c abletosuc hsec tsastheMan i c hn ags,ofwhomwekn ow
sc arc elyan ythi n g,exc eptfromthei rmostbi tteren emi es .An exampleofthi swehavei n the
Un i tari an s . HalfthepeopleofEn glan d,whobeli evewhateverthei rpri eststellthem,suppose
themS oc i n i an s,an dc allthemso .Theymayaswellc allthemChi n ese
.
1 3 .TheBapti stan dtheauthoroftheApoc alypsewerec alledJohn ,orJoan n esor
Imavvri c .
Bryan tsays, 5 "Thi sn ame,whi c hweren derJohn ,Ihaveshewn toben ootherthan Ion a .It
" si gn i fi es a dove ; butmean sli kewi sean orac ularperson : bywhomthevoi c eoftheMostHi gh
"
i smadekn own an dhi swi llexplai n ed
."Thati s, a resoul or
prophet . Thi swastheIon assen t
totheNi n evi tesasn oti c edbefore .
In Berosusan dotherauthorsthebei n g,halfman ,halffi sh,c alledOan n es,i ssai dtohavec ome
outofthe ERY TARIEAN S ea,an dtohavetaughttheBabylon i an sallki n dsofusefulkn owledge .Thi s
i sc learlythefi shAvatarofIn di a ; whetherorn oti tbetheloan n esorJon asIleavetothereader .
Iapprehen di ti sthesameastheDagun ofPeguan dthefi shsi gn oftheZodi ac
.Veryli ttlei s
kn own abouti t,buti texac tlyan swersthedesc ri pti on ofan Avatar .Theextraordi n aryn umber
ofextraordi n aryc i rc umstan c esdetai ledabovewi llc ompelmyreader,Ithi n k,tobeli eve,thatthe
i n c arn ati on ofthefi sheswason c e,i fi tben otyet,amon gthesec retdoc tri n esoftheVati c an .I
begthosewhodoubt,totellmewhythefi shesti edbythetai lsaretobeseen on theItali an mon u-
men ts,ofthemean i n gofwhi c hn on eofthepri estsc ouldorwouldgi vemean yi n formati on
.
r

Jon ah"aDove"wasan appellati on deemedappli c abletoon esen ton adi vi n emi ssi on ; an d
hen c e,amon gothers,John theBapti sthadhi sn ame
.
6
An n a,ortheyear,wasthemotherofMari aorMaeraorMai a,allofwhom( asIhaveshewn or
shallshewhereafter)werethesame,an dMai awasthefi rstmon thoftheyear,on whi c h,i n very
* In theCol .Ori en t .

I Matri x, 7 rpa
v,repa
S eh4rrs. Li ttleton 'sDi c t .

3 An al .Vol .I .p .249
.
4
Ibi d.

'Vol .II .p . 29 3 .

6 Class .Jour .Vol.VI .p .3 29 .

BookX.ChapterI1 ' .S ec ti on 1 3

6 47
an c i en tti mes,began boththeyearan dtheCyc leof
IM-og,
or6 0 8. Therewasalsoac ertai n
An n awhowassupern aturallypregn an t( li kethewi feofAbraham,whowassometi mesc alledMari a'
an dIsha,butc ommon lyS arahorS arai orS ara-i swati )i n heroldage ;
an dshewasdeli veredofa
son whosen amewasJohn ,Joan es,orJohn a,orJan a,orOan es
.Hewasborn attheMi dsummer
solsti c e,exac tlysi xmon thsbeforetheson ofMari a
.Thushemi ghtbesai d,astrologi c ally,as
Matthewmakeshi msay,tobedec reasi n gwhen theson ofMari awasi n c reasi n g .Heprepared
thewayfortheson ofMari a,-astheprophetsai d,hewasthevoi c eofon ec ryi n gi n thewi lder-
n ess . Washeaprevi ousAvatar,asthelearn eddi vi n eParkhurstwouldsay,sen tasatypeor
symbol ?
Jesusc ametohi sexaltati on orgloryon the25 thofMarc h,theVern alequi n ox
.Atthatmo-
men thi sc ousi n John wasattheAutumn alequi n ox :
asJesusasc en dedJohn desc en ded
.Theequi -
n oxesan dsolsti c esequallymarkedthebi rthsan ddeathsofJohn theBapti st,an dofJesus .John
makestheBapti stsay,c hapteri i i .ver .3 0 , Hemusti n c rease,butImustdec rease . As Mi c haeli s
hasjustlyobserved,thi si ssuffi c i en tlymysti c al .Howc an an yon edoubt,thatwhatwasadmi tted
bythefatherswastrue-thattheChri sti an shadan esoteri c an dan exoteri c reli gi on ?
s
Ihaven o-
thi n gtodoherewi ththei rpreten dedexplan ati on s,buton lywi ththefac twhi c htheyadmi tted-
thattherewasan esoteri c reli gi on
.Itc an n otbedoubtedthatalltheexplan ati on spreten dedtobe
madeoftheesoteri c reli gi on byJeromean dtheearlyfathers,aremerefablestodec ei vethevulgar .
Howabsurdtosuppose,thatwhen thesemen ,whowereattheheadofthereli gi on ,wereadmi tti n g
thattherewasa S ECRET reli gi on forthei n i ti atedon ly,theyshouldexplai n i ttoalltheworld !
Thei rexplan ati on stothevulgararesui tabletothevulgar,an dweremean tmerelytostopthei r
i n qui ri es.
Attheti meofwhi c hIn owspeak,themysteri esoftheGen ti lesweren oten ti relyaboli shed,
an dman ki n d,educ atedi n arespec tforthem,feltn oobjec ti on tothepri n c i pleofsec retsormys-
teri esi n reli gi on ; butn ow,si n c ei thasbec omethei n terestofthepri ests,oratleastsi n c ethey
thi n ki thasbec omethei ri n terest,todi sallowthem,person sc an seetheabsurdi tyofthem
.But
Idon otdoubtthatasec retsystemi syeti n thec on c lave,guardedwi thasmuc hormorec are,or
atleastwi thmorepower,than thesec retsofmason ry .Thepri estskn owthaton eofthebest
modesofsec reti n gthemi sto .den ythattheyexi st .In deed,theheadsofthec hurc hmustn ow
seeveryc learly,i ftheyweretoc on fess
what c an n otbeden i ed,
that( i fthemostlearn edan dre-
spec tableoftheearlyfathersofthec hurc haretobebeli eved)Chri sti an i tyc on tai n edasec retreli -
gi on ,thatthepopulac ewouldn otc on sen ttobekepti n thedark
.Butwhetherthesec retdoc -
tri n ebelostorn ot, IT IS A FACT
thati twasthefai thofthefi rstChri sti an fathers,admi ttedby
themselves,thattherewassuc hasec retdoc tri n e,an dbeforeIhavedon e,Iwi llprovei tc learly
en ough .
On themysti c aln atureofthen ame John I amn otsi n gulari n myopi n i on
.Mr .Bryan t,i n
an otherplac e,says, 3 L Thean c i en tan dtruen ameofthedovewas,asIhaveshewn ,Ion ah,an d
uIon as . Itwasaverysac redemblem,an dseemstohavebeen aton eti mealmostun i versally
~ ~ rec ei ved
.
For,n oton lytheMi tzrai m,an dtherestoftheli n eofHam,esteemedi ti n thi s
'~ li ght : buti twasadmi ttedasan hi eroglyphi c amon gtheHebrews :
an dthemysti c dovewas
~ ~ regardedasasymbolfromthedaysofNoah,byallthosewhowereoftheChurc hofGod
.The
~ ~ prophetwhowassen tupon an embassytotheNi n evi tes,i sstyledIon as :
ati tleprobablybe-
t Ni mrod,Vol.III .
s
S eeBasn age'sHi storyoftheJews,Booki i i
.Ch
.xxi v.,forS t .Jerome'sac c oun tofi t .
s
An al .An c
.Myth
.Vol
.II
.pp
.29 1 ,29 3 .
6 48 John
"
stowedupon hi masamessen geroftheDei ty
.ThegreatPatri arc hwhopreac hedri ghteous-
"
n esstotheAn tedi luvi an s,i s,byBerosusan dAbyden us,styled
OAN an d
OANNES , whi c hi sthe
" sameasJon ah
.TheauthoroftheApoc alypsei sden omi n atedi n theli keman n er
:whomthe
"
Greeksstyle
Iwavv
,~
s, Joan n es
.An dwhen thegreatforerun n erofourS avi ourwastobe

n amed,hi sfatheri n dustri ouslyc alledhi mIwav"g,forthesamereason

.( Then amewasi m-
posedan tec eden ttohi sbi rth
.)Thec i rc umstan c es,wi thwhi c hthei mposi ti on ofthi sn ame
" wasatten ded,areremarkable
;
an dthewholeproc ess,asdesc ri bedbytheEvan geli st,well

worthourn oti c e
.Lukei .5 9 ,&c ., '
An di tc ametopassthaton theei ghthday,'&c
."
In deed,Mr
.Bryan t,yousayverytruly-thec i rc umstan c esarewellworthourn oti c e
: butwhy
haveyoun oten deavouredtoexplai n them
?
Iti sperfec tlyc lear,thattheIon asorOan n eses
weretypes,asMr
.Parkhurstwouldmai n tai n ,oftheJohn ofthegospelhi stori es,orthegospel
hi stori eswerec opi edafterthem
.On thi ssubjec teveryon emustjudgeforhi mself
.Ion ly
statethec i rc umstan c esasi mparti allyasIamable
;
mypri vatejudgmen toropi n i on Iretai n ,ti ll
Ic ometomyn extvolume .
When Jesuswasbapti zedbythatverymysteri ousc harac ter
Imavvmg
i n theJordan us, the
HolyS pi ri tdesc en dedon tohi mi n theformofadove,an dafi rewasli ghtedi n theri ver
.Now
Ic an n othelpsuspec ti n gthatamysti c un i on wasmean ttoberepresen tedherebetween thetwo
pri n c i ples-i n fac tthereun i on ofthesec tsoftheLi n gaan dtheIon i orDove-whi c hweyetfi n d
i n Jesusan dhi smotheri n theRomi shreli gi on
.Justi n says,when Chri stwasbapti zedafi rewas
li ghtedi n Jordan
.Thesamethi n gi ssai di n theGospeloftheNazaren esan dthepreac hi n gof
Paul.'
1 4
.In theIn di an ac c oun tofBalaRamaan dCri stn a,adi ffi c ultyoc c urs .BalaRamai sevi -
den tlythesame,an di ssai dtobethesame,asCri stn a,an dthi si strueupon thepri n c i ple,asI
haveformerlysai d,thattheyarebothi n c arn ati on softheS un
.Buttheyarethesameon an other
pri n c i ple
.AsBalaRama,thi sperson i san i n c arn ati on ofthesun i n hi sc yc leoftheNeros,as
Cri stn a,ofthesun i n hi sc harac teroftheZodi ac alsi gn Ari es
.Thi si stheJan usoftheWest,
theBi fron s,theori gi n oftheJai n s,whowereBuddhi stsan dalsofollowersofCri stn a,asfaras
heexi stedi n hi sc harac terofTaurusorAri es,but'hadn othi n gtodowi ththeseparati on fromi t
ofthefemalepower
.HewasBrahmawi thhi sfourfac es .BalaRamawastheprec ursorof
Cri stn a,an dai dedhi mi n thedestruc ti on ofmon sters,an di n theregen erati on oftheworldan d
i tspreparati on forthedayofjudgmen t
; butsti lltheperson swhothusdesc ri behi malsosay,that
hewasthesameasCri stn a .ThewordRammean sbothBullan dmaleS heep-Ram
.Thi s,as
Ihavebeforestated )
i sbec ausehewasan i n c arn ati on i n bothTaurusan dAri es .
Mr
.Ben tleythi n kshehasprovedthatRamawasborn about1 20 0 yearsbeforeChri st .Ithas
been often observedthatRamawastoCri stn awhatS t
.John wastoChri st ; parti c ularlyi n as-
si sti n ghi mi n c leari n gtheworldofmon stersan di n prepari n gi tforadayofjudgmen t,an d
thathewasan i n habi tan tofthedesert .Thei den ti tyofthemythosesc an n otbedi sputed ; an dn o
doubt,wi thCri stn a,Ramawasren ewedeverysi xhun dredyears
.Buttheexac tmean i n gofthe
parableIhaven otbeen abletodi sc over
.
Mr
.Payn eKn i ght,speaki n gofRameses,whoi sprobablytheEgypti an Rama,says, " Theage

ofRamesesi sun c ertai n

; butthegen erali tyofc hron ologerssupposethathewasthesame

person asS esostri s,an drei gn edatThebesabout1 5 0 0 yearsbeforeChri st .TheEgypti an

pri estshadatradi ti on ,whi c htheypreten dedtoc on fi rmbythei rmon umen ts,thathehadc on -

q

uered queredallAsi a
." 2 Thi sRamesesi sevi den tlyRawa-Isi .But,asMr
.Payn eKn i ghtobserves,
yJustag .Tryph .,S ec t .lxxxvi i i .p .6 0 ,n ote .

s
Payn eKn i ght,Evors .Pr .p .89 .
BookX .ChapterIV.S ec ti on 1 4

6 4 9
i t
i s pretty c learthat Homer kn ew
n othi n g ofthi s ki n g. Butwhowas S es os tri s ?Now
Ithi n kS es os tri s was aZoroas ter,whowas Zuror
S uras tra . Hyde I s ays " S upradi c tus Zer-
"
dus htapudori en tales (utdi c tum)dec oraturti tulo~,Rad,i .e .S api en s ."NowhereIs uppos e
thatthe
4 , Rads houldbe1 ,Ras
.
Herei s ac on fi rmati on ofwhatIhaves ai doftheRas ,the
Haki m,an dtheS api en s .Dr.Hydehas evi den tlymi s taken orfoun dthe .1 mi s taken fortheS
.
In theli feofZoroas terthec ommon mythos i s apparen t . Hewas born i n i n n oc en c eofan i mma-
c ulatec on c epti on ,ofarayoftheDi vi n eReas on
.Js s oon as hewas born ,thegloryari s i n gfrom
hi s bodyen li ghten edtheroom,an dhelaughedathi s mother. Hewas c alledas plen di dli ghtfrom
thetreeofkn owledge,an d,i n fi n e,heorhi s s oul
was s us pen s us ali gn o
hun gupon atree,an dthi s
was thetreeofkn owledge . 2
Leti tberemembered,thatIformerly,i n BookX .Ch .II .S ec t
. 7 ,
poi n tedoutthefac t,thattherewereprobablyas man yZoroas ters as Cyc les . Herewehavethe
un i vers almythos ,thei mmac ulatec on c epti on an dthec ruc i fi xi on ;an dwefi n dthi s c ruc i fi xi on
c on n ec tedwi thletters an dthetreeofkn owledge
.
Amon gtheJews an damon gtheIn di an s ,Ramawas als okn own bythen ameofMen uan d
Noah
.
Thes tri ki n gs i mi lari tyofNoahtoJan us has been remarked,an dthei ri den ti ty,i n fac t,
admi ttedbyeverypers on whohas wri tten upon thes es ubjec ts . Theproofs ofi ttoan ypers on
ofobs ervati on havebeen exhi bi ted a thous an dti mes i n thec ours eofthi s work . Iapprehen dthat
Bala-Ramai s s ai dtobethes ameas Cri s tn a,bec aus ehi s c yc leran ,i n part,alon gwi ththatof
Cri s tn a.
Itwas probablypartlybeforethefloodoren tran c eofthes un i n toAri es ,an dpartly
after,as S hem,foun derofon eofthec yc les ,li vedpartlybeforean dpartlyafteri t
. Thus hi s
c yc lewas on thedec li n ewhen thatofCri s tn abegan . IfhewerethefourthAvatar,hewould
begi n i n theyearofthes i gn Taurus 1 801 ; an dwhen Cri s tn abegan ,i n theyear2 1 6 1 ,hewould
havepas s edthebes tpartofhi s ti meof6 00years ,vi z .36 0,an dwouldbedec li n i n g
. Wemus t
n otforgetthattheBrahmi n s s ay,Ramaan dCri s tn awerethes ame .
S i mi lartothi s mi ghtbe
themean i n gofthei n c reas eofJes us an ddec reas eofJohn ,jus tn owpoi n tedout .
Ilean s wers
c los elytoJohn
. Hes tan ds ,as latelyremarked,i n thes amerelati on toCri s tn athatJohn does to
Jes us .
Hei s n owtobes een ,as thereaderhas been i n formed,i n atempleafewmi les from
Muttrai n theverydres s ofHerc ules ,as des c ri bedbyArri an ; an dyetpi ous peoplepers uade
thems elves thatJohn an dJes us aretheori gi n als fromwhi c hCri s tn aan dBala-Ramaarec opi ed
. 3
When wec ometothen extZodi ac ali n c arn ati on ,wehavei ti n thefi s hAvatarofIn di a,an d
theDagon oftheS yri an s ;an das theRomi s hJes us was an Avatari n thes amei n termedi ates tate,
partaki n gofthetwoc yc les ,weoughttofi n dhi m,as wehavefoun dhi m,mi xedwi ththeZodi ac al
s ymbols ofPi s c es
.
In referen c etothedoublec yc les ,n amelythec yc les of6 00an dof2 1 6 0years ,wemayobs erve
howc on s tan tlythedoublemythos es oftheAvatars ,oftheNeros ,an doftheZodi ac als i gn s ,keep
s pewi n gthems elves .Theys upporteac hother . Ac los eatten ti on tohi s toryan dc i rc ums tan c e
wi llc on vi n c ean yon e,that,i n theWes tatleas t,thekn owledgeofthes ys temwas bec omi n g
obs c urei n man yc oun tri es ,an ddoubtfuli n all . Thec on ques ts oftheS c ythi an s ,ofCambys es ,of
Alexan der,an dman yotherc as ualti es ,operatedagai n s ttheregulartran s mi s s i on ofthes ys tem
;
buts ti lli tmaybefoun d.
In addi ti on toalltheotheroddc i rc ums tan c es relati n gtotheloan n es an dS t
.Peter,Ihaveto
DeRel . Vet .Pers . p.31 2 .

s
Vi deMalc olm's Hi s t.Pers . Vol .I .Ap .p .4 9 4 ; Ni mrod, Vol.II .p .31 .
' E us ebi us men ti on s an i doldedi c atedtothes un -K (paXY fY K PL8 K K n 4 lAavOY va,$a?A t0Y K Para?pagerxav, vi z .havi n g
the
lordlyan dregalhead
of aRamwi thG oat's horn s
.S harpeon Cherubi m, p .1 4 9 .
6 5 0
BalaRama
i n formmyreaderthat,i n theG os peloftheNazaren es ,Peteri s c alled S i mon fi li us Joan n a' .' Thi s
s hews thatJon as an dJohan n es werethes ame .
Theapos tles ofJes us ,Ibeli eve,weremos tofthemfi s hermen . Thereareman ys tori es ofmi -
rac ulous draughts offi s h,an dothermatters c on n ec tedwi thfi s hes ,i n theG os pelhi s tori es ; an d
Peter,thes on ofJohn ,loan n es orOan n es ,thegreatfi s herman ,i n heri tedthepowerofruli n gthe
c hurc hfromtheLambofG od .
Thefi s herman s uc c eededtothes hepherd
.
ThePopec alls hi m-
s elfthegreatF i s herman ,an dboas ts ofthec on ten ts ofhi s Poi tri n e .
Vallan c eydi tque Ion n 6 toi tlememequeBaal .E n G alloi s Joa,leS ei gn eur,Di eu,lac aus e
premi ere . E n Bas queJan n a,Jon ,Jon a,Jai n ,Jai n c oa,Jaun qoi c oa,Di eu,etS ei gn eur,Mai tre .
Les S c an di n aves appeloi en tles olei lJohn ,pouri n di querqu'i lttoi tleli tredel'an n ee,ai n s i quedu
c i eletdelaterre . Un edes i n s c ri pti on s deG rutermon trequeles Troyen s adoroi en tlememe
as tres ous len omde Jon a .2
E n Pers an les olei les tappele
Jawn ah . Tous c es n oms on tun
rapportevi den taverleJan us des E trus ques ,qui etoi tc on s i ders c ommeleDi eus upreme,etque
les poems s ali en s appeloi en tDeorumDeus . 3 On pourroi ten c orerapproc herc es den omi n ati on s
del'ArabeJan ab,Majes ts ,pouvoi r,etduPers an Jauan ,un c hef . 4
1 5
.Althoughi tc an n otbes hewn exac tlyhowi twas effec ted,yetIthi n kn opers on whoc on -
s i ders allthec i rc ums tan c es c an doubtthattherewas an c i en tlys omec on n exi on between the
Roman G odJan us an dS t
.Peter-thaton ei s theprototypeoftheother . Jes us i s c alled
thePri n c e
ofPeac e,
thes ameas Jan us ,an dhi s reli gi on thereli gi on oftheG odofPeac e .
Peterwas thec hi ef
ofhi s apos tles . Hi s n amewas ori gi n allyon lyS i mon ,buthewas s urn amedPeteran dCephas by
Jes us ,bec aus eon hi mJes us s ai dhemean ttofoun dhi s c hurc h . As s uc c es s orofJan us heheldthe
keys ofheaven . Matthew,as bri eflyquotedalready,i n hi s s i xteen thc hapters ays ,ver . 1 7 ,An d
Jes us an s weredan ds ai dun tohi m,Bles s edartthou,S i mon Bar-Jon a ;forfles han dbloodbath
n otrevealedi tun tothee,butmyF atherwhi c hi s i n heaven .
Ver .
1 8,An dIs ayun tothee,thatthouartPeter
;an dupon thi s roc kIwi llbui ldmyc hurc h,
an dthegates ofhells halln otprevai lagai n s ti t .
Ver .
1 9 ,An dIwi llgi veun totheethekeys oftheki n gdomofheaven
;an dwhats oeverthous halt
bi n don earths hallbeboun di n heaven ; an dwhats oeverthous haltloos eon earths hallbeloos edi n
heaven
.-John s ays ,c hap .i .ver
.4 2 ,
An dwhen Jes us beheldhi m,hes ai d,ThouartS i mon ,thes on ofJon a
;thous haltbec alled
Cephas ,whi c hi s ,byi n terpretati on ,as ton e .
Therec an ,Ithi n k,ben odoubt,thatoutofs ometradi ti on n otun ders toodbyus n owc on c ern -
i n gJan us ,Peterhas been madethec hi efofthetwelveapos tles ,en dowedwi ththekeys ,an dmade
keeperofthegates ofheaven .In thi s
.c as etheproc es s bywhi c htheeffec twas produc edi s los t,
buttheeffec ti ts elfc an n otbedoubted
;an ds urelyi n allthi s ,aparable,afi gurati vemean i n g,
mus tbeallowed. 5
I S eeJon es on theCan on ,Vol
.L
P .
ICh .xxv.p
.2 6 9 .

s
Jami es on 's Hermes S c ythi c us ,p .6 0 .
3 Creuz
.S ymb . p.5 07 , i n Aus z .

`
Pi c tet,DuCultedes Cabi ri ,p .1 04 .
" Man yyears agoas tatue of theG odJan us ,i n bron ze,bei n gfoun di n Rome,hewas perc hedupi n S t
.Peter's
wi th hi s keys i n hi s han d
:
theveryi den ti c alG od-n otthebron zemerelymeltedan drec as t-butthei den ti c alG od
hi ms elf,i n allhi s n ati veugli n es s ,as i s provedbyhi s dupli c atei n s ton e,whi c hIfoun di n thevaults below
.Thi s the
Roman pri es ts c an n ots ayhas been rec as t fromtheoldbron ze,as theys ay of
thePeterabove-s tai rs
.Thi s s tatues i ts
as S t .Peter, un derthec upolaoftheChurc h of S t .Peter
.Iti s lookedupon wi ththemos tprofoun dven erati on
thetoes aren earlyki s s edaway by devotees .Thepri es ts ,when c hargedwi thi ts bei n g a Heathen
G od,den yi t ;they,
however,allowthatthebron zean c i en tlyformedthes tatueofaHeathen G od,buttheys ayi twas rec as ti n toaPeter,
BookX.ChapterIV . S ec ti on 1 5

6 5 1
On theJan us Ihaves omeveryc uri ous obs ervati on s fromMac ken zi eBeverley,E s q
.,LL.D. :
"
Man yreas on s havebeen propos edforthepos i ti on ofJan us atthegates ofc i ti es ,butthetrue
"
mean i n gi s tobefoun don lyi n theLi n g-yon i doc tri n e-than whi c hn on ei s morean c i en t
. The
"
arc horgateofJan us was as ymbolofthatmys teri ous gatethroughwhi c hallmen an dan i mals

en teri n totheworld,an doverwhi c hthetwoorfour-fac edJan us pres i ded,repres en ti n gthes un

"
ri s i n gi n theE as tan ds etti n gi n theWes t,orthepoweroftheS un i n thefourquarters
. The

S un ,LordofProc reati on ,was i n hi s

mos tan c i en thuman
fi gurethequadri fron tJan us orBrahma
.
"
Thequadri fron tBrahmai s tobes een oc c as i on allys i tti n gbeforetheLi n gam-Y on i ,pres i di n g
" over thegreatmys tery
;
an dthekeyofJan us i s butan otherformofthec rux-an s ataofE gypt,
"
thekeythatopen s the ARCH
throughwhi c hweallpas s
. Thec rux-an s atai s theli n gam,an di s
"
themon ogramoftheplan etVen us ,thekeythatopen s thegreatdoorofmys teryoverwhi c hthe

vei lofIs i s was drawn

.
Thi s keyi s i n thehan dofJan us -S ol,bec aus ei topen s thegateofthe
" mys teri ous arc h .
Butas thes un was always tri pli fi edi n hi s power,an das the
TRIANG LE i s

an otherformofthegreatgateofmys tery,theywerefon doferec ti n gtri plegates i n theE as t,as

i n thetri pleportalorTri poli aoftheRajas ofIn di a,

t fromwhi c hrootals oc omes thewordTri -
p

oli .
F romtheS an s c ri tPola,wehavetheG reek
guar)
agate ;
an d,as Is us pec t,thepolean d

phallus always i n s eparablyc on n ec tedwi ththemys teri ous gate

.Pylos s i gn i fi es als oapas s ,an d
"
i n S an s c ri tthes en aturalbarri ers arec alledPalas ,whi c hIc on s i deran earapproac htotheG reek

Phallus .
"G an es a,theIn di an Jan us ,was expres s lyformedbyOomi a(theIn di an Juli o,an dtheG oddes s
OUM)
toguardtheen tran c eofherc avern edretreati n Cauc as us
. G an es ai s four-armedan dc ar-
"
ri es adi rk,ac lub,alotus ,an das hell
:
thetwolas tareemblems ofthefemalemys tery
. On e

ofthegates ofeveryHi n duc i tyi s c alledG an es a-pol

;c learlypoi n ti n gtoJan us orG an es ,Lord

ofthePole,May-Pole,orPhallus ,an dthereforemos tappropri atelymadetoguardthe

G RE AT

ARCH ofmys tery, 2

throughwhi c hallmus ten ter
."In thec ros s weheres eetheemblemofge-
n erati on ,an das thei n s trumen tofdeathofdes truc ti on -ofdes truc ti on an dreproduc ti on ,regen e-
rati on ,-oftheCyc leoftheS un an dMoon ,of6 00.
Jes us Chri s twas an i n c arn ati on ofdi vi n eWi s dom
. Hetaughtthathewas the
door, orthat
throughhi mwas the en tran c e
totheki n gdomofheaven .
Hethaten terethn otbythedoori s a
thi efan darobber
. Agai n , I amthedoorofthes heep . Agai n , I
amthedoor
;bymei fan yman
en teri n hes hallbes aved. 3
Thi s doororgatei s the7 ruarl-the
5
p1 l,thei n terc es s or .
Thi s i s
(i .e
.)Bar-Jon as
.Un luc ki lyfortheverac i ty of thes epri es ts ,thean c i en ts ton es tatue,exac tlythes ame,foun d
I i n
thevaultun derthec hurc h,s hews thatthi s i s n otBarJon as ,butJon as orJan us hi ms elf
.Itwi llbeobjec ted,that
thePeteri n theVati c an Churc hhas n ottwofac es .True :
buton emayhavebeen removedordi s gui s ed
;(therei s
n ogetti n gati ttoexami n ei t
;)ortheRoman s ,i n laterti mes ,mayhaves ofari mprovedi n tas te,as todropthe
Hi n dooc us tom
of maki n gmon s ters of thei rG ods ,an dhavereturn edtothegoodtas te
of
thei rE trus c an an c es tors .
Ibeli evethepres en ts tatuewas aJan us ,an dn otaJupi ter
.Probablyon thi s verys pottheri tes
of Jan us hadbeen
formerlyc elebratedi n atemple,an dthi s verys tatuefoun dun dern eath,wi ththereli c s
of theG od,& c
.,& c .In thi s
way,an dfroms uc hri di c ulous mi s takes
of thei gn oran tpri es ts of themi ddleages ,few
of
whomc ouldei therwri teor
read,an dallofwhomc on s i deredHeathen learn i n gas wi c ked,mos tofthelegen ds oftheChri s ti an s hadthei rori gi n
.
Veryli kelytheyhadn everheardofJan us ,an das forthehi s tori es oftheearlypopes ,as gi ven byE us ebi us ,orother
wri ters afterhi m,theyareevi den tlyun worthyofthes li ghtes tregard
.Almos tthewholei s aman i fes tforgery of
E us ebi us 's
.Theremay,perhaps ,havebeen s uc hpers on s as man y
of
thos ehedes c ri bes ,as et of
obs c urepers on s ,but
n otan ythi n gli kewhathemakes themouttohavebeen
.Theymayhavebeen s omethi n gli keourpres en tMethodi s ts ,
wi thas i mi larorgan i zati on .
' Tod,Hi s t .Raj .p
.5 89 .

s
Royal-Arc h-verbums api en ti .

3
John x_ 1 ,9 .
i Is awi t .
6 .5 2

Bala
Rama
als o
rc -5 D
pl-a, wi s dom,Pallas . Thi s i s theG an es aPol I
ofIn di a,the G ate ofWi s dom.
F rom
thi s ,Polc omes tomean head. Here we
haveaen i gmawi thi n as n i gma,parableupon parable
.
When Jes us dec lares hi ms elfthedoorofli fe,s urelyn oon ewi llden ytheallegoryorfi gureof
s peec h,an di ti s i n perfec tkeepi n gwi ththedec larati on thathetaughti n parables -thatthe
un i n i ti atedmi ght
hear an d n otun ders tan d.
Amphi poli s i s Poli s -om ;AmorOm-bra-s i us i s atown ofOm-c reator,
wi
bra ; Om-phi , voi c e
or Orac leof Om
;
Om-phi -ari us , plac e of theorac leofOm :
Om-ai ari us i s Om-ari a, c oun try or
plac eof Om. Om-phalei s Om-phallus
;
an dwhati s phallus
butaformati on from
k5 D
pla,di vi n e
wi s dom, theformerorc reator?Thi s i n theG reeki s 4 PT?=6 00 .
Am-pulla(ofRhei ms )i s the
s ame . Allthes upers ti ti on s aboutthe 7 ru\ i g,
thepole,an dthegate,ari s efromthes ames ourc e .
IIpoao%og
s i gn i fi es ei theramaleorfemaleatten dan t
;
au.4 pI7 roXog
on lyafemaleatten dan t .
s
Thi s
s eems toc on fi rmwhathas been s ai doftheamphi
.
Therearepeoplewhowi llc allthi s obs c en ean dfi lthy
; peoplewhos emi n ds aredepravedby
theeduc ati on ofmon ks ormon ac hi s m.To me
theyaremos tbeauti fulallegori es .Pers on s who
takethei ri deas frommon ks arei n c apableofrai s i n gthei rmi n ds abovethedebas i n gi deas en ter-
tai n edbythegen erali tyofpers on s ofthatdes c ri pti on
.To them
thes ebeauti fulallegori es are
i n vi s i ble,buttheyc an c learlys eetheabus es i n troduc edi n tothembyfi lthypri es ts
.Myreader
wi lls eehere,as jus tlyobs ervedbyCol
.Tod,thec oun terpartoftheS c ri ptureG ate,i n whi c h
Haman an dMordec ai s attoadmi n i s terjus ti c e,an dhewi llrefertowhatIhaves ai di n
Bk. VII .
Ch.VI
.S ec t . 7
an d1 0,res pec ti n gthevari ous Tri poli s ,an dwi llfi n damoreprobableori gi n for
thei rn amethan Iwas ac quai n tedwi thwhen Iwrotethos eobs ervati on s
.ButIwi lln otalter
them :
i twi llben oi n c on ven i en c etomyreadertopermi tthewayi n whi c h,bydegrees ,mydi s -
c overi es ri pen edi n tos ys tem,tos hewi ts elf .
Here,as Col
.Todhas obs erved,an di ti s veryworthyofobs ervati on ,wehavetheori gi n ofthe
Ottoman PORTE .
Di dtheOttoman s bri n gthi s wi ththemfromNorth-eas tern Tartary
?
Or,di d
theyfi n di tamon gtheArabi an s ?
ThePorte,thati s ,theLati n orE trus c an wordPortus ,forthe
G reek
7 ruXrl or auXi c .
Hen c etheori gi n ofour
ports ;
an dfromthegateofOudi poor,c alled
G an es a-dwara,
c omes ourword door.
TheTri poli s ofan ti qui tyaregen erally,butn otalways ,s ea-
ports . Buts ti ll
apolls always mean t ac i ty ;
fori n s tan c e,theDec apoli s ofS yri a
.Thi s was an
i mi tati on oftheDec an ofIn di a,whi c hlaybeyon dtheri verBuddha,as theDec apoli s ofS yri a
laybeyon dthes ac redJordan
.Buttherei s an otherPolewhi c htheColon elhas forgotten to
n oti c e-thePoleoftheglobe
.Whydoes theaxi s oftheearthbearthi s n ame,butbec aus ei ti s
themun dan eemblemofthegen erati vepower-thes ac redMeru-wi ththebeauti fuldi amon dat
theen dofi t-the Pole-s tar,
c alledbytheArabi an s thes tarofIudeorJuda ?
Ihaven odoubt,an dIthi n kmyreaderwi lln owhaven odoubt,ofthequarterwhen c ec ame
theLati n orE trus c an Jan us -a
G odolderthan an yoftheG ods ofG reec e
.Hewi lln otfai lto
bes truc kwi ththerec ollec ti on ofthewayi n whi c hJan us i s c on n ec tedwi ths everalothermatters -
hi s c on n exi on wi thPeter,wi thloan n es ,an dwi ththeJun oArgi vaorLuc i n a-thetwolatterboth
male an dfemale .
TheJan es aholds i n hi s han das hell-s ometi mes theCorn uAmmon i s ,s ome-
ti mes thebeauti fulArgo-Argon autoe-aton eti mes etti n gors uppos edtos eti ts prettys ai l,an d
s c udbeforethewi n d
;butatallti mes s afefromthes tormybi llows
;atan otherti mebroodi n g
on thes urfac eofthedeep
.Whoc an doubtthatthes ehavethei rn ames fromIn di a
?
Hereals owehavethemys ti c tri an gle,(F reemas on s un ders tan dthi s ,)an dthetri an gletri pli -
c ated,as n oti c edi n my
CE LTICDRUIDS . When IwrotethatworkIwas n otaMas on
.Iti s n o
' G an es a, G od of
Wi s dom.

2
Mon k,i n Clas s .Jour .Vol.XXXVII .p .1 2 6 .
BookX. Chapter IV . S ec ti on
1 6

6 5 3
s ec ret,buti ti s aMas on i c emblem ; an d,as Col
.Todhas obs erved,i s foun dwi thotherMas on i c
emblems on probablytheoldes tbui ldi n gi n theworld,theCyc lopaean walls ofMUND-ore
. Di d
Mas on ryari s eduri n gthebui ldi n gofthes ewalls ? WhatdoMas on s kn owoftheTempleof
S olomon ? Havewen ots een thatparts ,atleas t,ofthi s templewerebui ltofthes ac redwood
a1
] 5 K alrg ofRajabpoutan a ?
Havethes ematters an ythi n gtodowi ththelodgei n Chi n a ; 1
wi ththeprobablymuc h-c alumn i atedman ofthemoun tai n ,an dtheS arac en i c Lodges ,orLodges
oftheK n i ghts Templars ? Whydothepri es t-ledmon arc hs ofthec on ti n en tpers ec uteMas on ry?
Is i tbec aus etheyaren oten trus tedwi thi ts s ec rets ; or,bec aus ethei rpri es ts c an n otmakei t
s ubs ervi en ttothei rbas epurpos es
?
Allthes eareques ti on s Imayas k,gen tlereader ;but allI
mayn otan s wer . Ifyouben ots ati s fi ed,as khi s RoyalHi ghn es s theDukeofS us s ex :
hec an
an s weryou i F HE c Hoos E S . Butthi s Imays ay,i ti s n oteveryappren ti c eorfellow-c raftwho
kn ows allthes ec rets ofMas on ry
.
Mas on ryi s n oti n i mi c altopri es ts ,orki n gs ,orreli gi on s ; butthoughi ti s n otan ac ti ve en emy,
i ti s n ofri en dtobadpri es ts ,orbadki n gs ,orbadmorals . Mas on ryi s patron i zedbytheRoyal
fami ly,an dbyman ypri es ts i n Bri tai n
. Thereas on ofthi s i s n oMas on i c s ec ret .
Iti s bec aus e
thepri n c es ofBri tai n aren ot,an ddes i ren ot,tobethetyran ts ofthei rc oun try,an dbec aus e
amon gthepri es ts ofBri tai n aretobefoun dman ywhoaren ei therfan ati c aln orbas e ; but,on the
c on trary,men pos s es s edofeveryvi rtue,an dwhos emi s fortun ei tmaybe,butn otwhos efault,to
belon gtothei rpern i c i ous order
.
1 6 .When Ireflec tupon theman yevi den tproofs ,alreadys ooften n oti c ed,thatthephi los o-
phers ofG reec ean dRome,theHerodotus es ,theCi c eros ,theCorn utus es ,& c .,werec ompletely
i gn oran tofthemean i n gofthei rmythologi es ,an dyetthattheyhadc ertai n greatmys teri es i n
whi c htheywerealli n i ti ated,Iami n duc edtodevi s es omes c hemeortheorytoac c oun tforthi s
s eemi n gc on tradi c ti on -an dIhavec ometoan opi n i on that,i n alateday,thes emys teri es c on -
s i s tedi n parti n akn owledgeofthes ys temofs ac redn umbers an dc yc les ,an di n thefi rs tpri n c i -
ples ofG n os ti c i s m. Thes eIhaveparti allyun folded,an dtheyweres oc los elyc on n ec tedtoge-
ther,thattherei s everyreas on tobeli evePythagoras adoptedori n ven tedthi s expedi en tto
c on c ealhi s doc tri n es .
Whatels ewas there,i n fac t,ofwhi c hthei rs ec retmys teri es c ouldc on s i s t?
Ihaves hewn byhi s tori c alevi den c e,thatallthei rDei ti es res olvedthems elves i n tothes un : an d
thateverywherealmos twi thi n thereac hofhi s tory,then ati on s -theLati n s ,theG reeks ,the
E gypti an s , 2
theIn di an s ,theBuddhi s ts -hadn oi mages ,an dgaven on ames tothei rG ods .s
An di fthemys teri es di dn otdes c en dfromorweren otthelearn i n goftheearli es tti mes ,whi c h
mus thavebeen theti mes when n oi magen orn ames ofG ods exi s ted,ofwhatc ouldtheyc on s i s t
Theres eems tohavebeen s c arc elyan yotherthi n gforthemtohavec on s i s tedof
. However,of
thi s Ifeelprettyc on fi den t,thatIhaves hewn thepri n c i pleupon whi c hallthean c i en tmythology
was foun ded,an dhowi taros e .
When theG ods hadn on ames ori mages ,howwas i tpos s i ble
forthemtohaveexi s tedatall ?
Howwas i tpos s i bletohavebeen an yotherthan theDei s ti c al
Buddhi s mwhi c hIhavedeveloped,an d,atfi rs t,i n i ts extremes ts i mpli c i ty,even wi thoutthe
i c on ? Thi s Is uppos etohavebeen abouttheti mewhen theearli es tDrui di c alorCyc lopman
bui ldi n gs wereerec ted,an di tac c oun ts forthei rexi s ten c e-an dthei rexi s ten c ei n c yc les ,i s fac t,
n ot theory, an dc on n ec ts themmos tc los elywi ththeCyc li c s ys temofren ewedi n c arn ati on s ,whi c h
wehavetrac eduptothefi rs tIn di an s . When Ifi n dthen umbers 1 4 4 ,6 00,6 08,6 5 0,i n c i rc les
Vi deTran s .As i at
.S oc .

s
Larc her's n oteon Herodotus ,Vol
.1 .p .1 9 3 ; Beloe ;Ous eley's
Coll .
Huethas obs ervedthattherewas ori gi n allyn oi magei n thetempleofJupi terAmmon .G eorg .
Alph
.Ti b .
p .1 1 6 .
6 5 4

Jan us
of
s ton es i n Bri tai n ,Ic an n otdoubtthattheyalludedtothec yc les ofthes amen umbers i n In di a
an dG reec e .
Theaffec tati on ,i n deed,ofc on c eali n gthei rdoc tri n es ordi s c overi es ,was amon gthean c i en ts
c arri edtoan extremethati s s c arc elyc redi ble ;an dthi s prac ti c ewas c on ti n ueddown toamuc h
laterti methan pers on s whohaven oti n qui redi n tothes ematters woulds us pec t
. Lei bn i tzpub-
li s hed,i n theAc taE rudi torumofLei ps i c ,hi s s c hemeofDi fferen ti alCalc ulati on ,s oas todi s c los e
n ei therthemethodn ortheobjec t . Lei bn i tz,i ti s true,was detec tedbythec on s ummatemathe-
mati c als c i en c eofthebrothers James an dJohn Bern oui lli .Newton ,i n li keman n er,explai n ed
hi s i n ven ti on ofIn fi n i teS eri es ,an dyetc on c ealedi tbyatran s pos i ti on oftheletters thatmakeup
thetwofun damen talpropos i ti on s i n toan alphabeti c alorder . S oals oAlgebra,as faras the
Arabi an s kn ewi t,exten di n gtoquadrati c equati on s ,was i n thehan ds ofs omeItali an s ,an dwas
pres ervedn early300years as as ec ret .'
Wi thres pec ttoAlgebra
Is us pec t i twas kn own i n the
E as tthous an ds ofyears ago .
In themys teri es ,thei n i ti ateds worebythes ac redc yc les ofthes un ,moon ,an dplan ets .
"Omn es qui i n c i deri n t,adjuropers ac rums oli s
c i rc ulum, i n wquales lun gec urs us ,reli quorumque
" s i derumvi res ets i gn i ferumc i rc ulum,uti n rec on di ti s haec haberen t,n eti n doc ti s autprofan i s

c ommun i c en t,s edpreec eptori s memores s i n t,ei quehon oremretri buan t ." 2 Thi s s urelyten ds
s tron glytoc on fi rmmyhypothes i s ,thatthekn owledgeofthec yc les c on s ti tutedapartatleas tof
thes ac redmys teri es .
1 7
.Iwi llheres hortlyn oti c ean otherpers on age,c alledJohn ,whoi s veryproblemati c al,an d
has been theobjec tofmuc hi n qui ry,an dofwhomwes halls aymorepres en tly .
" Dr . Hakewi ll,
3
i n hi s i n gen i ous `
Apologi eforthePoweran dProvi den c eofG od,'c i tes good

authori ti es tos hew,whatc an n otbuts eempas s i n gs tran ge,thatthewan deri n gJewwas i n the

thi rteen thc en turyen ti tled Johan n es ButtaDeus , whi c hIdoubtn ottobeapi ec eofc rus adi n g
" erudi ti on broughtfromthec oun tryoftheDrus i an an dAs s as s i n Curds
."
Agai n , "
Thefableofthewan deri n gJewi s ,thatJes us s ai dtotheman whorevi ledhi mwhen

on thec ros s ,Thous haltremai n ti llIc ome .'

1 4
Agai n , "
Imayfartherobs erve,i n c on c lus i on ofthi s topi c ,thattheti tleJohan n es Buttamean s
"thes ameas Pres byterJohan n es As i ati c us ,as ortofhi erarc h,whowas lookeduptowi ths i n -
"gularawei n the1 2 than d1 3thc en turi es ,an dwhowas probablythes amepers on ageas the
" S en exdeMon tan i s ,whos eLi euten an twas foun di n Phoen i c i abytheleaders ofthethi rdc ru-
s ade,an dwhowas a 5 CurdorCordi vi an
.s When thePortugues ehadvi s i tedthedomi n i on s
" oftheki n gorNegus oftheAbys s i n es i n Meroeti c .E thi opi a,theypron oun c edthathewas

Pres byterJohan n es ,butthey,as wellas Mr .Bruc e,as s ureus thattheAbys s i n i an ki n gs gi ve

thems elves outforan Hybri drac eofJews ,an ddi s playalon gpedi greeofthei rli n ealdes c en t
" fromS olomon an dtheQueen ofS heba
: whi c hexplai n s thereas on whythePortugues ethought

theAbys s i n i an ki n gdomwas thatofPres treJohn orthewan deri n gJew.

Theprophec i es

above-c i tedwouldn aturallyleadthei n qui s i ti vetos eekfortwoPres treJohn s ,theon ebeyon d

"
theri vers ofE gypt,an dtheotherbeyon dtheri vers ofAs s yri a
."'
Agai n , "
TheIon i an expuls i on was thes ameas theIac c hi c egres s i on : an deven n ow,when

thec aus es ofthei rc on n exi on havebeen lon gforgotten ,then amelatc hi s i den ti fi edwi thJohn
S outhern NorthAmeri c an Revi ew,F ebruary,1 82 9 ,p .1 7 9 .
Y
S elden ,de
Di i s S yr
.-fromVetti us Valen s .

3 Li b.i i i .
S ec t.7 , p .1 81 ,Oxf.1 6 35 .
4 Ni mrod, Vol.I
.S up . E d.

"
Marc o Polo,Cap.xxvi i i .

6 G alfVi n i s auf. Li b .vi .Cap .xxi .

7
Ni mrod,
Vol .III .p .4 01 .
BookX.ChapterIV
.S ec ti on 1 7

6 5 5
"
orJohan ,an di s s ai dtobeadi mi n uti vethereof,thoughi tbeofexac tlythes amelen gth ." 1
Herewefi n dthen ameJohn c on n ec tedwi th,orthes ameas ,Bac c hus ;thereas on ofthi s wes hall
di s c overi n afuturebook,when wereturn tothewordJohan n es
.
"
Butwhats tri kes memos tforc i blyi s ,thes toryputaboutbythePortugues e,thatPres byter
"
John 's domi n i on s weregovern edbyaqueen n amed
HE LE NA." 2 " Thi s fataln ames peaks vo-
" lames
.ThewholeofIlli on ,then urs eofRomulus ,theG oddes s c on c ubi n eofS i mon the
"
Magi an ,an dthemotherofthatbalefulc atec humen Con s tan ti n etheG reat
." 3
Ihavei n s ertedtheaboveobs ervati on toc allmyreader's atten ti on toi t,as Iamqui tec ertai n
s omec uri ous mean i n gli es hi dun derthemys ti c alc harac terofthePres terJohn
.Ic on fes s Iam
n ots urethatIun ders tan dNi mrod,thoughthen ameofHelen amay
s peakvolumes . I wi s hhe
hadbeen ali ttlemoreexpli c i t
.Johan n es orJohn was c alled
Xpr1 c ogIwotvveg
byJuli an
. Thi s
Xpr,s oc
Ibeli evealways mean s thegoodgen i us ofac yc le
.Thi s
Iwavv_ gXpri c oc
dec reas ed,as
the IHM;
Xpri s o g
c
i n c reas ed
.
Thi s Joan n es ,whomMr
.Bryan ti n den ti fi es wi ththeOan n es oftheAs s yri an s ,whomthePor-
tugues ec allPres byter,an dJohn ,whowas des c en dedfromS olomon an dtheQueen ofS hebai n
Abys s i n i a,an dwhomMr
.Mauri c ehas dec laredtobethefi s hAvatarofIn di a,an dtheG odDagon ,
an dwho,Ni mrodobs erves ,was Johan n es -ButtaDeus ,was i n reali tyaren ewedi n c arn ati on of
Buddha
;or,perhaps ,ratheras upers ti ti on whi c htooki ts ri s efromthehalf-un ders tooddoc tri n e
oftheren ewaloftheIn di an i n c arn ati on s
.Jes us i s madetodec larethatJoan n es s houldremai n
ti llhec ame
;thati s ,that,as thefi s hi n c arn ati on ,hewouldremai n un ti ltheen dofthes i xmi lle-
n ari es ,whi c h,as theE qui n oc ti ali n c arn ati on ,hewoulddo
;forthefi s hwouldremai n theequi -
n oc ti ali n c arn ati on ,ortheemblemofi t,ti lltheten les s avatars wereallfi n i s hed .Thi s s ugges ts a
doubtwhetheralltheE qui n oc ti alAvatars weren otBuddhas
.Ofthi s Oan n es orJohn Mr .Bryan t
s ays ,"Oan n es appeared
ev-rc o
-. pwTwevtai rw,
4
forti mec ommen c edfromhi s appearan c e.
Wearen owi n thec en treofthelan dofmys ti c i s m
.E verythi n gi s aparable,an oen i gma,a
mys tery .
Whatc an bemoremys ti c althan Matthew's expres s i on ,thatJes us s houldi n c reas ean d
John dec reas e
?
Whatc an bemoremys ti c althan whatwehaves een res pec ti n gtheJoan n es ,an d
Butta,an dDeus ?
Whatmoremys ti c althan theexpres s i on ,thatJohn s houlds topti llJes us
c ameagai n i n hi s glory?
Whatmoremys ti c althan thattheBapti s twas E li as ,thati s ,i n plai n
G reek,thes un -HAooc ?
Jon as ,theamphi bi ous ,was s wallowed,an dreturn edagai n i n threedays fromthefi s h .Hewas
thes amepers on as Herc ules oras Heri -c lo,thes avi our6 08,s wallowedatthes ameti mean d
plac ewi thJon as ,who(vi deBk
.V.Ch
.VI .S ec t .6 )prophes i edthedes truc ti on ofNi n evehabout
theyear6 00B .C
.Thi s was theti meofthefamous c en tralec li ps eofThales ,
6
orc on jun c ti on of
Ni mrod,Vol .I .p .1 7 0,S up
.E d.

s
Purc has ,Pi lg . V .pp.7 4 4 ,7 36 ,7 4 2 .
3 Ni mrod, Vol .I .p .2 80,S up . E d
.

* Alexan d.Polyhi s t .apudE us

.Chron . p
.6 .
5
An al . Vol.II .
P .
35 7 .
6 Theec li ps e of Thales i s s ai d to havehappen edi n theyear
6 1 0B .C . S eeHerodotus ,an dan E s s ay on i t, byM.
Bai lly,i n thePhi l
.Tran s .for
1 81 1
; Pri tc hard, p .4 4 2 .
Thereares omelearn eddi s s ertati on s on thi s ec li ps e,i n the
fi rs tfourvolumes
of theE di n burghPhi los ophi c alTran s ac ti on s ;
butthelas tdi s s ertati on whi c hIhaves een upon i t,i s
byS i rWi lli amDrummon d.In hi s Ori gi n es ,hemakes i ttofalli n theyear
6 03 beforeChri s t .Vol.IV.p . 2 6 4 . S ee
als oHales 's Chron ology, Vol .I . I
begmyreaderparti c ularlytoatten dtothec i rc ums tan c es thatthi s c en tralec li ps e
orc on jun c ti on ofthes un an dmoon ,was thebi rthdayofCyrus theMes s i ah,whos eadven tures ,wehavebefores een ,
werepartlythes ameas thos eofCri s tn aofIn di a,an dwhos en ameCyrus i s as olarti tle : an dthatthi s was exac tlythe
begi n n i n gofthec yc leof 6 00 years beforeChri s t.Is therean yman li vi n gs os tupi das toattri butethi s c oi n c i den c eto
ac c i den t?
6 5 6 Poli s Mas on s
theS un an dMoon ,theti mewhen theori en talMes s i ah, Cyrus ,
was born ,hehavi n gthes olarti tle,'
an dwhohavi n ges tabli s hedthePers i an mon arc hyatBabylon ,res toredtheJews an daboli s hedi do-
latry . Hei s s ti llwors hi ped,un derthen ameofJon as ,on Moun tLi ban us ,
s
bytheCurds orCul-
dees formerlyn amed
. Hehas thes ameappellati on ,ac c ordi n gtoMr
.Bryan t,(vi deBk .VII .Ch .
V .,Bk .VIII
.Ch . II .,) as thehalf-man ,half-fi s h,oramphi bi ous bei n gc alledOan n es ,whoappeared
forthei n s truc ti on ofman ki n d,& c .,ac c ordi n gtoS an c hon i athon ;
thes ameas Dagon ,whi c hwas
then ameofthefi s hwhi c hharbouredJon as ,or S AVE D
hi m,an dthemean i n gofwhi c h i s s avi our .
Thi s Oan n es orloan n es wefi n dagai n afterabout6 00years ,born ofan agedwoman ,c alledAn n a,
then ameofthemotheroftheItali an Jan us ,mi rac ulous lyforetoldbytheprophetZac hari as ,to
whomhi s bi rthwas an n oun c edbyan an gel .
Hewas theforerun n erofJes us Chri s t,an dc alled,
as above-men ti on ed,bythec elebratedJuli an , Xp-s os Ic oavves .
Hewas byprofes s i on as avi our
ofmen bymean s ofbapti s mori mmers i on ,li keJon as i n thewater
.Jon as was i mmers edthree
days i n theoc ean forthes alvati on oftheNi n evi tes ,as Jes us afterwardwas buri edthreedays forthe
s alvati on oftheJews an dofman ki n d .
Afterthi s wefi n dan otherpers on c alledloan n es ,afi s herman ,
belovedbyJes us ,ofwhomJes us dec laredfromthec ros s thathes hould
n otdi e ti llhi s return
.An d
afterthi s ,an otherloan n es ,whohadrevelati on s fromG od
;an d,atlas t,wehavethatloan n es
orderedbyJes us toremai n ti llhi s return ,as
Ioan n es ,Butta,an dDeus , orthefi s h,orOan n es
G odBuddha . Iti s i mpos s i bletoc on c ei vean ythi n galtogethermoremys ti c althan thec harac ter
ofI-oan n es ,whom,i twi llberec ollec ted,Mr .Bryan tdec laredtobethes ameas Oan n es
.
Now
John theBapti s tortheProphet,Regen eratorbymean s ofwater,whowas als oarevi vedE li as ,
was thei mmedi ateforerun n erofJes us -i n almos teveryres pec tan exac tc opyofBala-rama,the
forerun n erofCri s tn a .An dJohn theBapti s t,orS avi ourofmen bymean s ofwater,was the
Oan n es orAvatarofPi s c es ,as Buddhawas ofTaurus ,an dCri s tn aofAri es
;or,ac c ordi n gtoMr .
Parkhurs t's doc tri n e,Oan n es was thetypeoftheBapti s t,i feverheappeared
;
an d,i fhedi dn ot,
then ,ac c ordi n gtoMr
.Parkhurs t,thehi s torymus thavebeen afi gurati verepres en tati on ofan
avatar,foretelli n gtheBapti s t .
John theBapti s twas born on the2 5 thofJun e,thedayofthes ols ti c e,s othathebegan tode-
c li n ei mmedi ately. S t
.John theE van geli s t,ortheen li ghten er,orteac herofglad-ti di n gs ,was
born atthes ameti meoftheyear ;
(but,as i ti s s ai d,twodays afterJes us
;) an das Os i ri s ,an d
Bac c hus ,an dCri s tn a,an dMi thra,an dHorn s ,an dman yothers
.Thi s wi n ters ols ti c e,the2 5 thof
Dec ember,was afavouri tebi rth-day .
TheE n gli s hprayeron thi s S ai n t's dayi s ,"Merc i fulLord,
" webes eec htheetoc as t thybri ghtbeams ofli ght
upon thyc hurc h,that,i tbei n gen li ghten edby
" thedoc tri n eofthybles s edapos tle,mays owalk
i n theli ghtof
thytruth,"& c . Thi s i s ,Ipre-
s ume,fromtheRomi s hc hurc h,an di ti s un ques ti on ablyfromtheG en ti leG n os ti c s ,ofwhomI
s hallpres en tlytreat .
Li ghtfoot 3 obs erves ofthebi rths ofJohn an dJes us ,
"
S othec on c epti on s an dbi rths ofthe
` ~Bapti s tan dourS avi our,en n obledthefourfamous Tekuppas (Revoluti on s )
of theyear
: on e
bei n gc on c ei vedatthes ummers ols ti c e,theotheratthewi n ter
:
on eborn atthevern alequi n ox,
" theotherattheautumn al ."
1 8 .In theE as tern c oun tri es ,c hi eflyn owi n then ei ghbourhoodofBus s ora,thereexi s ts as ec t
c alledMan dai tes ,Hemerobapti s ts ,Nazorean s ,Nazarean s ,Nazi rean s ,an d,amon gtheMus s el-
man s ,Nous ai ri en s .
Theyareevi den tlyallthes ames ec t,on lywi ths omes li ghts hades of
di fferen c e,whi c hmus tn ec es s ari lyari s ebetween theparts ofas ec t,s c atteredi n todi s tan tc oun -
Vi de Vi deUn i vers .Hi s t .Vol .XXI .p
.5 9 .

s
S eeClarke's Travels ,Vol
.II .Ch .xi i i .
3 E xer .on Matt
.Ch.i i i .Vol.II .p .1 1 3 .
BookX.ChapterIV S ec ti on 1 8

6 5 7
tri es ,an dun c on n ec tedforlon gperi ods ,an ddi vi dedbydi fferen c eoflan guage
.Nodoubtthey
maybes ubdi vi dedi n tos ec ts ,as ourProtes tan ts oftheChurc hofE n glan dmaybedi vi dedi n to
E van geli c als an dNon -evan geli c als :
butmys pec tac les don otmagn i fys omuc has toen ableme
totreaton thos emi n utedi fferen c es
.Theyaren oti c edbythelearn edMatter .'
Thi s i s as ec tn amedbyS t .E pi phan i us ,an ds ai dbyhi m
tohavebeen i n exi s ten c ebeforethe
ti meofChri s t,an dn ottohavekn own theS avi our . Thes epeoplehaveabookc alledthebookof
Adam,i n whi c h,Mon s .Matters ays ,i s themythos ofNoean dmos tofG en es i s ,buthes ays they
equallydetes ttheJews an dChri s ti an s , an dputthei rfoun der,theHemero-bapti s tJohn ,i n the
plac eoftheS avi our
: thati s ,i n otherwords ,thatthei rfoun derwas aS avi ourori n c arn atepers on
.
Thi s i s veryi mportan t-thes epeoplehavi n g,as E pi phan i us i n forms us ,exi s tedas as ec tbefore
theti meofChri s t
.Theyhavei n thei rmythos apers on ,the Pri n c i pedeVi e,Ahatour,
` i n maK
abatur,patertaurus ,
whi c han s wers totheK ai omorts oftheZen daves ta,tran s latedTaurus
.Thi s
Abatour
hadas on ,thec reator,c alledF eta-Hi lorE 1 -Phtha(n oti c edbyMatter,Vol .II .p .2 03) ;
butE l-Phthai s theG odPhtha,or(~-O-a-,c -4 p=5 00,0=9 ,a=1 ,5 =9 0,=6 00,beforen amed .
Ifan i mparti alpers on wi llc on s i derthehi s toryofJohn theBapti s t,hewi llaton c eperc ei ve,
that,as an adjun c toraprec urs orofJes us ,hei s totallyun n ec es s arytothes ys tem.Thepre-
ten dedprophec i es ofhi mareac tuallyri di c ulous ,an dhi s bapti zi n g n othi n gpec uli artohi m,buta
c ommon Mi thrai ti c ri te,prac ti s edi n hi s ti mebymulti tudes ofwan deri n gdevotees ofthelatter
reli gi on . Thattherewas s uc haman c an hardlybedoubted
; an d,li keJes us ,hehadhi s apos tles
an ddi s c i ples ; oftheformer,twelvei n n umber
;ofthelatter, thi rty, i n s teadof s even ty
.Hi s
s ec texi s tedbeforethedateas c ri bedtoJes us ,an dwerec alledHemero-bapti s ts ,an d,as above
s hewn ,theyyetc on ti n ue .As hortac c oun tofthemmaybefoun di n Mos hei m's Commen tari es .
2
Theres eems toben oreas on whyJohn mayn othavebeen arelati on ofJes us Chri s t's ,orwhyhe
mayn othavebapti zedhi m .Hemayhaveadmi ttedhi mbythec eremon yofbapti s mi n tohi s
s ec t : thi s c eremon ymayhavebeen then ,as i ts ti llc on ti n ues ,abadgeofhi s reli gi on .An dfrom
thi s ,allwereadres pec ti n ghi mi n thegos pelhi s tori es mayhavehadi ts ori gi n
.
Thes epeopleholdthedoc tri n eoftheetern alren ewalofworlds ;theyabhorallbloodys ac ri -
fi c es ; an dtheydon otus etheri teofc i rc umc i s i on .Hen c eIthi n kwemayc on c ludethatthey
aredes c en dan ts ofthean c es tors ofMelc hi zedek .F romtheJews theyc an n othavec ome ;for,i f
theyhad,theywouldhavehadtheri teofc i rc umc i s i on : an dfromtheChri s ti an s theyc an n othave
c ome,bec aus etheyexi s tedbeforeChri s ti an i ty .Myreaderwi llpleas etoobs erve,thatthes e
Man dai tes or Nazareen s or DIS CIPLE S OF
S T.JOHN, arefoun di n c en tralIn di a,an dthattheyare
c ertai n lyn otdi s c i ples oftheWes tern Jes us ofNazareth
.Hewi llals orec ollec twhathas been
s ai dres pec ti n gJoan n es ButtaDeus orPres terJohn ,ortheoldman ofthemoun tai n ,as hewas
often c alled.In Lardn er's Cabi n etCyc lopwdi a, 3 i ti s s ai d,byami s s i on aryc alledCarpi n i ,that
theMon golarmymarc hedi n to G reater In di a,an dfoughttheki n gofthatc oun try,c alledPres ter
John .
M.Matterhas gi ven themean i n gof
Man da,
theori gi n ofMan dai s mi n theword
G n os i s . 4
Thi s s ui ts verywellwi thmybeli ef,thatallG n os ti c i s mc ameori gi n allyfromIn di a,an dperhaps
fromMun dore .Mun dus i n Lati n , xoq%os i n G reek,wekn owmean s c yc le or c i rc le
.Ai wvwe
kn owals omean s aperi odofti me
or c yc le .
An dIthi n kMatterveryc orrec tlys ays ,
a
Les
D'tt1 y
G 0 ols i m,auovs g
s on t a lafoi s les mon des ,les peri odes detemps ,etles i n telli gen c es ,qui vi ven t
' Hi s t .G n os ti ques ,Vol .II
.Ch. i v.
S ec t.i i i .p.39 4 .

x
In t.Ch .i i .
3 Vol.I .p
.2 5 8.

4
Hi s t.G n os t
.Vol.II .pp .4 00,4 07 .
6 5 8
"dan s c es peri odes etdan s c es mon des
."
1
Agai n ,hes ays ,
" Len omde Man dai
offreun ec er-
"
tai n ean alogi eavec c elui deG n os ti ques
.Man da,
y,7 m mn do, en Chaldden ,s i gn i fi e
s c i en c e-
"yvwri g : le Man da di hai ,
las c i en c edelavi e,es tun des gen i es c eles tes ,c ommela
Tvwn i g
"
des Barbelon i tes
."2
F romthi s i ti s c learthatMan d-orMun dore,thelas ts yllablemean i n g
town orplac e,wi llbe
c i tyofwi s dom
. 3 An dtheMan dai tes orNazareen s aren ootherthan the
s ec tofG n os ti c s ,an dtheextremeE as ttheplac eofthei rbi rth
.Wemus tn otforgetthatthe
wordy-] rn
mn do
c orrec tlymean s yvwoi g-Mun dul-ooe,Mun dul-eeh,thati s ,Mun dul-ai a(G reek)
c i rc le
or
trac tofc oun try-Man do
mean i n gwi s dom
:
' i ti s probable,Ithi n k,thatthes eMan dai tes
mayhavebeen Chaldaean s orfollowers ofCali ,un deran othern ame-thewordCali havi n gthe
mean i n gofc alli dus ,
wi s e as wellas
beauti ful. Vi deBookX.Chap
.II
.S ec t
. 7 .
Iqui teagreewi thM
.Matter,thatthei rn umerous s ac redbooks des erveamuc hmorec areful
exami n ati on than theyhavehi thertorec ei ved,an dIthi n kthes ec tc omes fromMun dorei n In di a
.
1 9
.In theTi beti an lan guageJohn i s c alledArgi un
. 5 Thi s i s Arjoon , (Ar-John , thec oadjutor
ofCri s tn a.
Nearthes malltempleatMalvali puram,or
the Ci ty
oftheG reat
Bali , hollowedoutofas i n gle
mas s ofG ran i teabout2 6 feetlon gan d1 4 feetbroad,i s afi gureofCri s tn aan dArjoon ,wi ths ome
i n s c ri pti on s i n averyan c i en tc harac teran dn owtotallyun kn own
. 6 Thes i zeofthes ton es us ed
i n theDrui di c altemples i s equalledbythatofthos ei n thetemples ofIn di a
.S omeofthes e,as
atS eri n gham,on theri verCaveri ,bei n g30feeti n len gth
.On thes es ton es arei n s c ri pti on s i n
c harac ters n owtotallyun kn own
.'
As Jes us was IXOTY ,wi ththemys ti c mon ogramI,prefi xed,I-IXOT~ ;,an dtheDei tyof
E gyptwas Omthawi ththemys ti c mon ogramM,prefi xed,M-omtha,s omayIxi on , di vi n elove
c ruc i fi ed,
havebeen X-i on wi ththemys ti c Xprefi xed ; an dagai n ,Caes arX-aes ar - an dIohn may
havebeen theLon eorS pi ri tus Mun di ,theDove,thec ruc i fi edS emi rami s ,whoflewawayi n the
formofaDove
.Whatdoes the
X-Iov lookli ke ? Ion Ion aeus orDi -lon -eus
.Iti s pos s i ble
thattheXpi g,mi ti s ,ben i gn us ,mayhaveobtai n edthi s mean i n gas wellas thepropheti c c on -
n exi on evi den ti n the xgri , fromtheXan dPan dY o=6 00 ;an dXPM~=6 08.
Theremarkableus eoftheM,puzzledVallan c eyas wellas Y oun g .Hes ays ,M,i n man y
words ,i s on lythes i gn ofan oun den omi n ati n gthei n s trumen toftheac ti on ,as i n theOri en tal
lan guages .
s
Alln on s en s e
.Itwouldhavebeen bettertohaves ai dhekn ewn othi n gabouti t
.
ThewordMagi c us was ori gi n allywri tten byCi c eroMaji c us .Heals owrote Aji o an d Maji a. Is
i tpos s i blethattheMagemayhavebeen age or qje wi ththemon ogramprefi xed ?
Ithas been repeatedlyobs erved;thattheMi s often prefi xedtowords i n awaythati s qui te
un ac c oun table Iwi lltrytoexplai n i t ."E veryon ekn ows thatthevi n ewas s ac redtoBac c hus
.
Thefi n alletterMs tan ds for6 00, n ow thelen gthoftheNeros ; butIhaves hewn i n BookV
Ch .II .S ec t .5 ,thatthelen gthofthi s c yc lewas atfi rs ts uppos edtobe6 6 6
.Thi s was madeup
ofMi ts fi gureormon ograman d VIN i ts n ame.
Vi n
was
then ameoftheletter M, when the
letters hadthen ames oftrees i n Iri s han dHebrew,an djoi n tlytheymade6 6 6 ,then umberi n that
veryearlydays ac redtoBuddha,Bac c hus ,an dS oli n Taurus , 1 0 thus
Man dai tes
' Hi s t .G n os t
.Vol .II .p .4 08
.

2
CodexNazar.,I .p .6 2 .
s
S eeParkhurs ti n voc e 7 1 n mn d,
pun
mdo, an d
v1 +
i do,V. an dVII .
' Parkhurs t,p .2 7 4 .

5
G eorg.Alp.Ti b .xc v .

6 Ibi d.Vol.II .p .9 2 .
7 Crauford's Res .Vol .II.p .85 .

' Coll .Hi b.Vol .IV.Parti i .p .2 2 8 .

9
RefertoBookV .Ch .II .S ec t .4 .

1 0 Carmelwas vi n eyardofG od.

BookX.ChapterI1 ' .S ec ti on 1 9
M=6 00

=6
i = 1 0

= 5 0
6 6 6
Mui n
then ameoftheletterMi n theoldIri s h .'
Aftertheerrorofthe6 6 6 was di s c overed, 2 an d
aftertheequi n oc ti als un goti n toAri es ;
when Cri s tn aaros ean dBuddhabec ameahereti c ,forthe
doublereas on ,6 6 6 bec amethemarkofthebeas t,
ofthedeadc yc le,an dXwas then s ubs ti tuted.
Buts ti lli n theari thmeti c theMi n s omen ati on s wouldc on ti n uetokeep
i ts power. TheIri s h
an dtheHebrews kepti t,theG reeks c han gedi t,as maybes een i n thetableabovec i ted,
totheX
for6 00.
Nei los ,ortheri vers ac redtotheS un ,was
thus des c ri bedi n myCelti c Drui ds

= 5 0
E =5
I=1 0
A=
30
= 7 0
1 =2 00
36 5
Buti twas morean c i en tlythus ,forthe
E gypti an s atfi rs ts uppos edtheyeartoc on s i s t
on lyof
36 0days

= 5 0
I=
1 0
A= 30

= 7 0
x =2 00
36 0
' S eeTable,Prel .Obs .Chap .I.S ec t . 4 7 .

s
S eeBookV
.Ch .II .S ec t. 5 .
3 Chron .Vol.I .p . 4 4 .
6 5 9
Butthe Ni le was c alled S i r or S ur, or,i n Hebrew,
S r.
Ithas been beforeobs ervedthat
the
E as tern peopleoften c han gedtheTforthe
S ,an dvi c evers a,an dwrote Cuti tes for
Cus i tes ,Turi a
for S uri a, an dvi c evers a . Now n
Ti n Hebrewi s 4 00,an di Ri s 2 00,
thi s makes TRs tan dfor
6 00.
TheRev.Dr .Hales di s ti n c tlyadmi ts
thatatradi ti on ofs i xmi llen aryages oftheworldpre-
vai ledthroughouttheE as t,
an dwas propagatedtotheWes t,
bytheS i byls an dothers
; 3 an dhe
expres s lyfoun ds an argumen tupon thefac t
thatChri s t,tous ehi s words ,
thes tarofJac ob,the
s tarofours alvati on ,thetrueApollo
ors un ofri ghteous n es s ,the
pri n c eofpeac e,was ac tually
born i n thes i xthmi llen aryage .
Whateveroffen c eImaygi veby
theas s erti on ,i ti s i mpos s i ble
toden ythatwhattheRev .
RobertTaylorhas s ai d,res pec ti n gtheepi thets ofChri s tbei n gappli c able
tothes un ,i s true .
Theymeetus ateverys tepwetakei n forms
i n n umerable,an dwouldbes een byeveryon e
i fn ot
preven tedbyearlyprejudi c e . Ofthes eas s erti on s In eedn otproduc ea
s tron gerproofthan the
gloryorrays ofli ghtroun dtheheadof Chri s t .
Theymarkthes olari n c arn ati on i n away whi c h
devotees maydi s gui s etothems elves ,
butwhi c htheprejudi c es ofeduc ati on
on lypreven tthem
6 6 0

Jas i us
froms eei n g.
Buthavewen ots een thatthes ec on dpers on oftheTri n i tywas theS un ,orthat
hi gherpri n c i pleofwhi c hthes un i s theemblem
;thathi gherpri n c i plewhi c hwas addres s edbyall
thehi gherc las s es ofthen ati on s ofan ti qui ty,when theyaddres s edtheS un
;prec i s elyas Jes us
Chri s ti s addres s edbyan en li ghten edCatholi c when headdres s es ac ruc i fi x
;an das thePers i an
addres s edtheS un -OhTi i oufromwhomTn ourec ei ves tthys plen dour,& c
.
2 0
.Wewi lln owi n qui rei n tothehi s toryofapers on c alledJas i us
.
Mr
.Bryan ts ays ,"Jus ti n plac es hi m(Jas on )i n thes ameli ghtas Herc ules an dDi on us us ,an d

s ays ,that,bymos tofthepeoplei n theE as t,hewas lookeduptoas thefoun derofthei rn a-

ti on s
.,
an dhaddi vi n ehon ours pai dtohi m
. ItaqueJas on i totus fermeori en s utc on di tori ,
"
di vi n os hon ores ,templaquec on s ti tui t
. Is us pec t,thatAs on ,Jas on ,Jas i on ,an dJas i us ,were
" ori gi n allythes ameti tle
;
thoughatthi s ti meofdaywec an n otperhaps arri veatthepurport ."
On thi s Mr
.Bryan thas thefollowi n gn ote
: " Itmaybeworthwhi letos eethehi s torywhi c hthe
"mythologi s ts gi veofthes epers on ages
.
Jas us was thes on ofArgus .' Jas i us ,Jan i gen a,tem-
"
poreDeuc ali on i s ,c ujus n upti i s i n terfec i tlo .
Hoffman fromBeros us . Iao-uav Ojprpos
" epa6 8eIg . S eeS ervi us i n AE n ei d. 2
Iw
Ia6 m'uyarri p
.' Iaa-eBw
t
u.og. 4
1 E s on was re-
" s toredtos ec on dyouth
."
a
Ithi n kfewpers on s whoc on s i derthi s wi lldoubtthatlas -on was
on lythepers on whohadthes ac rumn omen ,c ogn omen ,etomen ,
IHF -os ,
wi ththeG reektermi -
n ati on ,an dIHS -us thes amepers on wi ththeLati n termi n ati on -theHes us ofG aulan dCaes ar
.
Quan dles Jui fs furen ts oumi s auxroi s G rec s delaS yri e,leG ran dpretreJes us ,s efi tappeler
parmi les G rec s Jas on . 6
D'An vi lle,i n lat.37 ,lon g
.4 5 ,has agulfofIs s i us
.
Pli n y'c alls thi s thegulfoflas i us . As
bothwords c omefromtheHebrewword
ytv'
i s o,tos ave, i tmayhavehadbothn ames
. Does thi s
provethatIs i s an dJes us werethes amen ames
?
Is i s was bothCeres an dBac c hus ,an dwas thus
bothmalean dfemale .
Clos etotheG ulfIs s i us s tan ds thetown oflas s us .
Therei s averys i n gularexpres s i on i n Vi rgi l,Ias i us quepater,gen us
a quopri n c i pen os trum
"
An dfatherJas i us ,fromwhi c hpri n c eourrac ei s des c en ded
: "s i .e. Caes ardes c en ded.
ItakeJas i us orIas i on s on ofAbas (father)an dJupi ter,tobethes ameas Jas us ,s on of
Tri opas :
s eeLempri erei n voc e .
las i us hadadaughterc alledlas i s . Thi s was Is i s . Ni mrod 9
s hews thatthi s las i us was theBabylon i an Jove
; an d,probably,thattheti tles ofY azeedi s ,Y as -
s i di s ,Y ezi di s ,orJezi di s ,werec orrupti on s oftheAs s yri an las i des .
Herei s evi den tlytheY es -
dan oftheDes ati r,then ameofthes un
.Ni mrodobs erves ,thatY ezd,i n Pers i an ,mean s ei ther
Di eutoutPui s s an t,
ortheevi lpri n c i ple . Herei s thedes troyeran dregen erator . ButY ezdi s
on lyTHX-di ,di s ,di vus .
As appli c abletoallthes ec as es Ibegmyreadertorec ollec twhatwas s ai dbefore,an di n the
Celti c Drui ds ,
ofthi s THF ,mean i n g
'1 =4 00,Y =2 00,H=8, =6 08,thes ac redn omen ,c ogn omen ,
etomen .
Iti s verymuc hthefas hi on wi thc ertai n learn edmen toturn i n tori di c ule,totreatwi thc on -
tempt,theexpos i ti on ofn ames byn umbers ,an dS i rW
.Drummon dhas c alledi tbuffoon ery .
Butbuffoon eryorn ot,i s n ottheques ti on
. Theques ti on i s n otwhetheri tbeori tben ot
fooli s h,butwhetheralmos tallthos ewhomwehavebeen ac c us tomedtoc allthegreatmen of
an ti qui tyweren otthec on tri vers an dprac ti s ers ofthi s buffoon ery,an dwhethertheydi dn otc on -
c ealthei rkn owledgeben eathi t
.
Ifi tbean s weredi n theaffi rmati ve,then wherec an welook
' Apollod.Li b . i .pp .5 9 ,6 0.

s
Li b. i i i . ver.
1 6 8 .

' Paus an .Li b .

i i ,p .1 4 5 .
4 Ibi d. p .4 1 2 .

5 Bryan t, Vol. II .p
.5 1 5 .

6
S alvertes urles
Noms ,Vol.I.p .36 9 .
7
Li b. v. Cap .xxi x.

8 AE n ei d i i i .1 6 8 .

9 Vol .1 .P
.7 0,E d.2 .
BookX.ChapterIV
.S ec ti on 2 0

6 6 1
wi ths omuc hprobabi li tyofs uc c es s foran c i en tlearn i n gas un derthi s fool's dres s ,i fi tbefooli s h?
Ipromi s emyreaderthatbyi ts mean s Is hallbyan dbymakeadi s c overywhi c hwi lls ati s fyhi m,
thati twas ori gi n allyan ythi n gbutbuffoon ery
.ButbeforeIc on c ludethi s c hapter,Imus tgi vehi m
on emoreexampleofi t
.Mon s
.Matter,s peaki n gofthean c i en tCabbalaan dtheAdam,K admon ,
s ays , "
Toutes tli edan s l'an ti queAs i a,et a
c haquepas deplus quen ous fai s on s dan s I'hi s toi re
"
des es mon umen ts ,n ous dec ouvron s un en ouvellepreuvedec egran dfai t
.IIyameme,dan s
"1 'examples pec i alqui n ous oc c upe,un ean alogi eden omqui es tfrappaute
:
l'i magede
S ei r4 n pi n
"
s ec ompos ede2 4 3members ,n ombreexpri meparles letters tram
.dbrm
Abram,Bramah ." I
A=1 ,B=2 ,R=2 00,M=4 0,total=2 4 3
.Abrm,Bram,Brma
.Thi s i s tomec on vi n c i n gevi -
den c eofwhatwas mean tbytheS ei rAn pi n
.An di ti s als oac uri ous proofofwhatIhavefor-
merlytaught,thatAbrahamwas aBrahmi n
.
Agai n ,Matters ays ,
s
"
thattherei s on ewhowatc hes themarc hofthes un ,an dthathehas un der
" hi s c omman d2 9 6 armi es ,an di s c alledi n Hebrew
harez, thati s , arez : "
K =1 ,-t=2 00,j7 =5 ,y(tzdi )
=9 0,total=2 9 6 .1 -
c an n otc on c ei veproofs ofaprac ti c e,althoughi tmaybebuffoon ery,mores tri ki n g
orc on vi n c i n gthan thes e
.Iti s s urpri s i n gtomethatwhi lethes egen tlemen admi tthatallthes e
G n os ti c doc tri n es ,foun datAlexan dri aan di n S yri a,c amefromtheE as t,theys c arc elyevergoto
theE as tofthes eplac es tos eekthei rori gi n ,buts eekthemi n theWes t
.Ic alleveryplac eWes t
whi c hi s Wes toftheIn dus
.Nowthatwehaveac c es s toallthelearn i n goftheE as t,thi s n eglec t
i s i n exc us able .
Cri ti as makes S olon s ay,thatn ei therhen oran yotheroftheG reeks hadan ykn owledgeof
remotean ti qui ty . 3
Heafterwardmakes theE gypti an pri es tdec laretoS olon ,thattherehave
been man ydeluges oftheearth,an dthatamos ti llus tri ous an dexc ellen trac eofmen on c ei n ha-
bi tedG reec e,ofwhomtheG rec i an s areperfec tlyi gn oran t,thei ran c es tors havi n glos ttheus eof
letters ,i n c on s equen c e,hes eems tomean ,ofthelas tflood
. 4
Agai n ,Platos ays ,F orthec aus e
ofthi s i s as follows
: -S olon i n ten di n gtoi n s ertthi s n arrati on i n tohi s vers es ,i n ves ti gatedforthi s
purpos ethepowerofn ames ,an dfoun dthatthos efi rs tE gypti an s whoc ommi ttedthes eparti c u-
lars towri ti n g,tran s ferredthes en ames i n tothei rown ton gue
.He,therefore,agai n rec ei vi n g
themean i n gofeveryn ame,i n troduc edthatmean i n gi n toourlan guage
. 5
Allthi s ten ds toprove
aon c egreatpeoplei n G reec e,whomus thavebeen thepers on s whoerec tedtheCyc lopeean bui ld-
i n gs .
Was thi s reallythen ati on ruledbyPan dea,li kean Alexan der?Wekn owhowhes uc -
c eeded.
Whathappen edtohi mmayhavehappen edbefore
.Therei s n othi n gn ewun derthe
s un .
Ali ttleti meagoIn oti c ed,fromtheCambri dgeK ey,thei den ti tyofG rec i an an dE as tern
mythos es
.Thepas s ageofPlatos hews thatweoughttolooktotheE as tforthemean i n gof
propern ames .
Is halln owas s umethattheS i bylli n eOrac les aregen ui n e,an dthattheyforetelltheChres tos
orthen i n thAvatar,i n whomals oi s blen dedthe
fi s h Avatar.
Thi s i s exac tlywhattookplac e
wi thCri s tn a .
In hi s pers on hewas mi n gledbothwi thTaurus orBuddhaan dwi thBalaRama
.
An dherewehavemi n gledtogetherBuddha,Dagon ,Pi s c es ,Jon ah,an dJes us ortheLamb,an d
wehaveCri s tn aan dArjoon ,(Ar-John ,)Jes us an dIohn ,I-Oan n es
.In everyc as eIs us pec t
Buddhawi llbefoun dtobean ameoftheZodi ac ali n c arn ati on -perhaps ofeveryi n c arn ati on
.
Nodoubtallthi s wi lls urpri s emyreaderverymuc h,buti twi lln ots urpri s ehi mmorethan i thas
don eme . Butthefac ts c an n otbeden i ed .
Voy.
K abbaladen udata appar.a d li br
.S ohar,Parti v . p .2 1 2 ;
Matteron G n os ti c s ,
Vol
.1 .p.1 04 .
In p .1 1 4 .

3
PlatobyTaylor .

4 Ibi d.

s
Ibi d. p .5 82 .
6 6 2
S ali vahan a
CHAPTE R V
S ali vahan a-Thomas -S haron Turn er-ChaldeeTon gue-Tamas -Jes ui ts -Vi c -
ramadi tya-Rama-Dan i el-Crus ades -Mohamed-S ubjec tc on ti n ued-M-
OM-OMD
.
1
.WHE THE R
i twereori gi n allyapartofthes ys tem,thattheres houldbeon lyon eAvataror
S avi ourorgen i us ofeac hc yc leforthewholeworld,orthattheres houldbean umberforeac h
c yc le,di s pers edi n todi fferen tc oun tri es ,thati s ,on eforeac hc oun try,i n eac hc yc le-i twas
almos tan ec es s aryc on s equen c ethatthelatters uppos i ti on s houldhaveprevai ledas theworld
bec amedi vi dedi n ton ati on s
.Wewi lln owi n qui rei n tothelatterAvatars oftheE as tern Coun tri es .
S ometi meafterthehi s toryofCri s tn ahadfoun di ts wayi n toE urope,thelearn edOri en tali s ts
weres urpri s edwi thwhatappearedtobean othervers i on ofthes ames tory,fromtheS outhern
partofthePen i n s ulaofIn di a
.
In theAs i ati c Res earc hes ,
t therei s an ac c oun tofapers on c alled
S ali vahan a,n earCapeComori n .
Hewas adi vi n ec hi ld,born ofavi rgi n ,an dwas thes on of
Tai s hac a,
2 ac arpen ter .
Hewas attemptedtobedes troyedi n i n fan c ybyatyran twhowas
afterwardki lledbyhi m
:
mos toftheotherc i rc ums tan c es ,wi ths li ghtvari ati on s ,arethes ameas
thos etoldofCri s tn a . Mr
.Mauri c e 3
s ays ,"
Theman us c ri pts fromwhi c htheabovei s taken
G Q
havebeen c arefullyexami n edan das c ertai n edtobegen ui n e
."Agai n , G S i rW.Jon es has
~exami n edtheageofthes eman us c ri pts ,an dheun dertakes toprovethei rdate
COE VAL wi ththe
G
bi rthofChri s t ."
Col
.Wi lford,i n theten thvolumeoftheAs i ati c Res earc hes ,has gi ven alon gac c oun tofthi s
S ali vahan a,whoi s c learlyi den ti c alan ds yn c hron i c alwi thChri s ti an i ty,an devi den tlyan s wers to
thei n c arn ati on ofthen i n thage,alludedtobeforethebi rthofChri s tbytheS i byls ,an d,as mos t
Chri s ti an s ,butn otall,havethought,byIs ai ah
. Therei s ,mos tc learly,theori gi n orthepro-
duc eofMan i c hwi s mi n thi s pers on ,an dperhaps ofthes ec tc alled
theChri s ti an s ofS t .Thomas .
S ali vahan a's c ruc i fi xi on i s averys tri ki n gc i rc ums tan c e
; butthi s ,wehaves een ,was n otthefi rs t
c ruc i fi xi on
.Bali i an dS emi rami s ,or
E ems ,
(Di vi n eLove,)an dBuddha,an dCri s tn a,hadbefore
s ufferedi n li keman n er
.
TheBrahmi n s mai n tai n thatS ali vahan a,ortheCarpen ter,was then i n thavatar
: theys ayhe
was als o(i
.e
.bytheBuddhi s ts )c alledBuddha,ordi vi n ewi s dom
.Theyaffi rmthatan other,the
ten th,avatarwi llc omeorhas c omei n thes hapeofa
hors e . TheJapan es es ay,
a
thati n the
rei gn ofS yn -mu,Budo(orBuddha)otherwi s ec alledCobotus ,c ameoverfromtheIn di es i n to
Japan ,an dbroughtwi thhi m,upon awhi tehors e,hi s reli gi on an ddoc tri n e
. Thi s i s theten th
avataroftheBuddhi s ts .
Thus s everal
n i n th
avatars maybeperc ei ved,wi thouthavi n grec ours etothen ec es s i tyofs up-
pos i n gthattheyc opi edfromon ean other
.
Therewas S ali vahan a,wi ththeBrahmi n s ,an dwhat
they
c alledthe
s ec on d
Buddhawi ththePegues ean dBuddhi s ts ,an dtheTeve-tat
5 who,theytold
LaLoubere,was Jes us Chri s t
;
an damon gtheWes tern n ati on s Caes aran dJes us Chri s t . E ac h
s ec t
s ai dthatthen i n thavatarhadappearedtoi t,oramon gi ts an c es tors
;an dwhen theys ay
' Vol .IX . Prefac e,& c . ;Mauri c e,Brami n .F raud.
E xp .p .6 1 .
s
Ta-i s h-ac a . Is
thi s an ythi n gbutTAmean i n g THE , an d i s ha, an d S ac a-The
S avi ourS ac a?
' Brami n
.F raud.E xp .p .5 9 .

4 Vi deK aempfer's Japan ,quotedbyBryan t

.

I Di vus TAT .
BookX .ChapterV . S ec ti on 1

6 6 3
thathehadbeen amon gothers ec ts ,theyon lymean toadmi t,thathewas c lai medbyother
s ec ts as havi n gbeen amon gthem,butthatthepers on thus c lai medwas n ottheAvatari n reali ty,
butan i mpos tor. TheBrahmi n s wi lls aythattherehavebeen n i n eavatars wi ththeBuddhi s ts ,
on eforeac hc yc le,butthattheywerealli mpos tors . TheBuddhi s ts wi lls aythes amethi n gof
theavatars oftheBrahmi n s
.
Jus ti n s ays ,thattheE rythraean S i byltells allthi n gs whi c hwi llhappen toJes us Chri s t .
We
fi n dan i s lan dofE rythrma,Ceylon probably,un kn own toJus ti n : an di n then ei ghbouri n g
c oun try,apers on ,i n man yres pec ts s i mi lari n c harac tertoJes us Chri s t,i s foun d,towhom
almos tallthethi n gs as c ri bedtoJes us Chri s tareas c ri bed,lon gbeforetheti meofChri s t,vi z .
Cri s tn aorCrys en -an dagai n ,i n theti meofChri s t,toS ali vahan a . 1 Ithi n kmyreaderwi ll
n owun ders tan dthen atureofthi s mythos ,whi c hhas hi thertopuzzledourori en tali s ts
. Ibeg
hi mtorec ollec t,thati twas heldbyAmmon i us S ac c as on eofthemos tearlyan dres pec tableof
theChri s ti an fathers ,thatthereli gi on ofJes us ,an dthatoftheG en ti les ,werethe s ame, i fc leared
ofthec orrupti on s ofpri es ts :
an dtheBrahmi n s c on s tan tlytellourmi s s i on ari es thatourreli gi on
i s on lyc orruptedBrahman i s m.
Imus tn ows us pen dmyhi s toryofS ali vahan a,toi n troduc eto
myreaderaveryc elebratedpers on -S t
.Thomas ofIn di a .
When thePortugues earri vedataplac eon thec oas tofCoroman del,c alledMalli apour,
whi c hwas c alledbyPtolemyMalli arpha,theyfoun dthen ati ves profes s i n gareli gi on wi thn ames ,
doc tri n es ,an dri tes ,s oli kethos eofChri s ti an s ,thatwi thoutmuc h,perhaps wi thoutan y,i n qui ry,
theydetermi n edthattheywereChri s ti an s ; butjudgi n gfroms everalpoi n ts wherei n thes en a-
ti ves di fferedfromthems elves ,theyc on s i deredthattheywerehereti c s
.
Theys uppos edthatthe
an c es tors ofthes epeoplehadbeen c on vertedbytheApos tleS t
.Thomas .
Iti s c learthatthey
pai dthei radorati on toa
Thomas , whowas s lai n i n thei rc oun try,an dwhos etombtheys kewedi ll
thec hurc hofamon as tery. Thes ameki n dofpeoplewerefoun dbythePortugues eon thec oas t
ofMalabar,c alledMan dai tes orNazarean s . When thePortugues eexami n edthemtheyfoun d
themtoac kn owledgeforthei rs pi ri tualc hi efaS yri an . Ofc ours e,i n thei rs uperfi c i alan dpreju-
di c edwayofexami n i n g,theyc on c ludedthathemus thavec omefromS yri aoftheWes t,n ot
fromon eoftheS yri as oftheE as t,ei therthatofS i amorS i on ,(LaLoubere,)orthatofS yras -
tren e :
ofthes eS yri as ,i n fac t,theykn ewn othi n g . Themi s take,i fi twereon e,was avery
n aturalon eforthemtomake . Buts ti lltheyoughttohaveexami n edhowthes epeoplec ameto
wors hi pthe apos tle i n s teadofhi s mas ter . Thes eChri s ti an s ares ai dtohavehadforthei rBi s hop,
aMar-Thome,as uc c es s oroftheApos tleS t
.Thomas ,whom,toc ompletethes tory,theymake
tohaves ufferedmartyrdomattheplac eformerlyc alledBetumaorBei t-Thomaan dCalami n a,
an dbyPtolemyMali ar-pha ; i n S an s c ri t,Meyur-puraorthec i tyofPeac oc ks . 2 S t .Thomdi s
n eartoJay-pour,thati s ,Is houlds ay,town ofJah,on theCoroman delc oas t,wherethetombof
S t
.Thomas i s s hewn . TheBi thuma,Bi tuma,n earthepromon toryofTamuz,wehaveformerly
foun di n thepen i n s ulaofS yras tren e,as thebi rthplac eofCri s tn aan dBuddha . ThePortugues e
s tatethes eChri s ti an s tohavebeen Nes tori an s when theyfoun dthem,an dthattheywereori gi -
n allyc on verts madebytheApos tle,butafterwardc orrupted,byac olon yofNes tori an s fleei n g
fromthepers ec uti on ofTheodos i us theS ec on d.ThePapi s ts s tatethi s to s upportthei rdoc tri n e
oftheun i vers ales tabli s hmen tofthePapalc hurc h,i n theearli es tti me,an dthefleei n gNes tori an $
ac c oun tforthei rn otbei n goftheRomi s hreli gi on . Mos tProtes tan ts turn i n tori di c ulethei dea
' There was als o
n oti c ed by an c i en tauthors an i s lan d
of
E rythraea,n oti n E gypt : wherethi s was i s un kn own :
i t
was thought to ben eartoCades : butIbeli evethe i s lan dof
E rythraeawas Ceylon ,theplac ei n whi c htheS amari tan
Pen tateuc hplac es Moun tArarat.
2 As i at .Res .
Vol .X
.P
.7 7 .
6 6 4 S haron Turn er
ofthec on vers i on ofthes en ati ves byS t
.Thomas ,buts uppos ethemtohavebeen Hi n doos c on -
vertedbyNes tori an preac hers . Butthes toryofChri s ti an s i n In di awas kn own toS t.Jerom
(adMarc ellamE pi s t .)beforetheNes tori an heres yaros e,thereforetheyc an n othavebeen ori gi -
n allyNes tori an s
. 1 Thi s i s n ots urpri s i n g,i ftheywerepeopleofthereli gi on ofthatpers on c on -
c ern i n gwhomtheE rythrman S i bylhadforetoldallthethi n gs whi c hs houldhappen toJes us
Chri s t . Theyares ai dbythei rpri es ts tohaves en ttoBabylon forPatri arc hs ,an dtohaveob-
tai n edthemfromtheres olatelyas therei gn ofthePortugues eQueen Don n aCathari n a,n ot
kn owi n gthatatthatti meBabylon mus thavebeen foralmos tathous an dyears beforeades ert,
c apableofs upplyi n gn othi n gbutati gerorali on .
Thi s fals i typroves thatn odepen dan c ec an be
plac edon an ythi n gwhi c htheys ay . In s hort,thewholes toryi s fullofabs urdi ti es an di n c on -
s i s ten c i es ,an dthetruthi s c ompletelydi s gui s ed .In deedi ti s evi den tthatourIn di an travellers
tellus res pec ti n gthereli gi on s an dlan guages ofS outhIn di aan umberofs tran ges tori es ,whi c hI
don otdoubttheybeli evetobetrue,althoughapparen tlyi n c on s i s ten twi thon ean other .
Ithi n k,
however,theyareallc apableofbei n gexplai n ed,thoughc ertai n lytheexplan ati on wi llups et
s omeveryfavouri tetheori es
.
2 .In Mr .S haron Turn er's Hi s toryoftheAn gloS axon s ,therei s averyparti c ularac c oun tof
an embas s yfromAlfredtotheTombofS t .Thomas i n In di a . Mr .Turn erhas di s playedthe
talen tofas ki lfullawyer,an dhas c ollec tedalltheevi den c eon thes ubjec twhi c hlaterti mes
afford ; butIthi n khehas overlookeds omeoftheearli er ; perhaps hewas afrai dofprovi n gtoo
muc h .
Nodoubttheevi den c eforthefac ti s verys tron g,an di n an yc ommon c as ewherereli gi on
was n otc on c ern ed,Ithi n ki twouldbec on c lus i vetoprove,thattheChri s ti an s hadas ettlemen t
i n In di a
.
Buti n thi s c as e,wherehabi tualfraud,addedtothegreates tprejudi c ei n wi tn es s es ,
has ren deredallevi den c edoubtful,Ic an n othelpthi n ki n gthateven i fthetruthbetoldbythem,
theyhavealludedtotheTamuzofWes tern S yri aan dE gypt,n oti c edi n theBi ble,an dofthepro-
mon toryofTamuz,whi c hwas theThomas oftheMan i c haean s : an dthateverythi n gi n fac t
relati n gtotheThomas ,was tothatpers on ofwhomthehi s toryi s gi ven i n theE rythrman S i byl .
Ihaveveryli ttledoubtthatthewholepromon toryofIn di awas on c ec alledthepromon toryof
Tamas orThomas .
TheIn di an s s aythatthei rG odNarayan a,(whi c hmean s movi n gon thewaters ,) i n thebegi n -
n i n g,was whollys urroun dedbyTamas ,whi c hmean s darkn es s : Col. Wi lfords ays ,perhaps the
Thamas orThaumazofthean c i en tE gypti an s
. Parkhurs tgi ves on eofthemean i n gs of
on tam
dark .'
Thi s Is hallrefertoan dexplai n pres en tly. Heals ogi ves themean i n goftwi n ,or
Dydi mus tothewordTam
. In theHebrew
ogn tam orDtrl tum mean s twi n s
.
S eeParkhurs t,
als o i b .i n voc e ton tmz,
als opp .1 9 ,7 89
.
Itc an n otbedoubted,Ithi n k,thattheTamuzoftheBi bleorAdon i s was Buddhati n deradi f-
feren tn ame,thati s ,un derthen ameofthe
Zodi ac altwi n s oron eofthem,orwas i n s omeway
c los elyc on n ec tedwi ththem
.
An di ti s worthyofobs ervati on ,thatthi s i s theac c oun twhi c hthe
n ati veVi s hn uvi tes ofMalabargi veofthei rThomas -c alli n gtheChri s ti an s
Baudhen mar
ors on s
ofBaudhen . 3
An dtheChri s ti an s ofthepres en tdayalways c allthei rbi s hops bythen ameof
Mar-Thome,thati s ,s on ofThome,Thome-mar
.Man es ,whos eexi s ten c eImuc hdoubt,i s s ai d
tohavehadforhi s an c es tors orpredec es s ors aBudwas an daThomas ,an dli emayhavec on e
fromMalabar,orfromtheMaturaofUpperIn di aorS yras tra,fromtheBi tuma,wheretherei s
Thi s fac taton c eren ders i n c redi blealltheotherhi s tori es ofNes tori an c on vers i on s E as toftheIn dus
.As i at .Res .
Vol .VII .p .36 6 ,n .
aAs i at .Res
.Vol .III,p .35 8
.

9
Bartol .S ys tem.p
.1 6 1 .
BookX. Chapter V .
S ec ti on 3

6 6 5
thes amemythos
.
Bi thumai s evi den tly ;torn -n '
bi t-tome,hous eofTome .Thi s Bi thomai s n ot
farfromthepromon toryofTamus an dthei s lan dofChrys e
.
3
.ThePortugues es tate,thattheS t
.ThomeChri s ti an s hadallthei rs ac redbooks i n theold
Chaldeeton gue,butwhattheyc on tai n edwec an n everkn ow,as Men ezes an dthePortugues ei n -
qui s i ti on ,afterhavi n gheldaS yn odatOdi amper,s oughtthemoutwi ththegreates tc arean d
des troyedthemall,s ubs ti tuti n gi n thei rplac es books ofthei rown ,
butyeti n theChaldeelan guage .
Thi s Ithi n kproves thatthec ommon vern ac ularlan guageofthepeopleofthi s c oun trywas the
Chaldee
.Thes ai lors i n thes ervi c eoftheIn di aCompan y,whomMr .S alomefoun di n Wappi n g
s peaki n gHebrew,mus thavec omefromthec oun tryi n then ei ghbourhoodofCalami n a . Its eems
thattheRoman Catholi c s i n thi s i n s tan c ebroketheruleofthei rc hurc h,tohavethes ervi c ei n
Lati n ,i n ordertoi n dulgethes eIn di an s wi ththeChaldee
. Nothi n gc an bemoreabs urdthan to
s uppos etheys houldhavebroken thei rrulewi thres pec ttotheLati n tohavegi ven theIn di an s
books i n alan guagen otthei rown
. Thereforei ti s prettyc learthatChaldeemus thavebeen the
vern ac ularlan guageofthes epeople
.Nowi fwegran tthattheywerec on vertedbyS t .Thomas ,
wec an n ots uppos ethathewho(wemus tallow)was en dowedwi ththegi ftofton gues ,would
c han gethei rlan guage,althoughhec han gedthei rreli gi on
. Itfollows ,therefore,thatthei rlan -
guagemus thavebeen atthatti metheChaldee
.
NowIthi n kthen aturali n feren c efromthi s i s ,
that on e
atleas tofthe broken
di alec ts ofIn di a,as theyarec alled,mus thavebeen theChaldeeor
Hebrew.
Itmus tbeobs ervedthatIams peaki n gbothoftheChaldeeletteran dlan guage
.
Iapprehen dtheNes tori an s di dn otari s eti lltheChaldeewas adeadlan guage
: atalleven ts i t
was n otthei r
pec uli ar lan guage .
Nes tori us was an ati veofG erman y
.
F orvari ous reas on s whi c hIs hallgi vebyan dby,Iams ati s fi edthattheChaldeeparaphras es or
Targums weren otwri tten ti llaftertheti meofOri gen
; howlon gafterIwi lln otun dertaketo
s ay ;
an datthes ameti meIs halls hew,thattherei s averys tron gprobabi li tythattheChaldee
lettern everwas i n c ommon us ei n Babylon
.
Nes tori us li vedi n thefi fthc en tury,an dIappre-
hen di ti s n otc redi blethatthi s G erman s houldhavees tabli s hedas ec ti n thatday,whi c hwould
c arryalon gwi thi t,as i texten dedi ts elf,thepec uli arChaldaean lan guage-thi s lan guagen ot
bei n gthatofi ts foun der-i n s teadofexten di n gi ts elfi n thevern ac ularlan guages ofthec oun try
i n towhi c hi tpen etrated
.Therei s n oi n s tan c ekn own ofas ec texten di n gi ts elfi n toan yc oun try,
an dc han gi n gthevern ac ulardi alec tofi t,un les s i twas atten dedbyac on queri n garmy
.
Ibeli eve
wehaven oreas on tos uppos ethattheNes tori an s oftheWes t,as as ec t,everus edtheChaldee
ton gue .
TheChri s ti an s ofS t
.Thomas ares ai dtohavehadon lythrees ac ramen ts ,Bapti s m,theE uc ha-
ri s t,an dOrders .
Thes ewereallJewi s hri tes ,fortheri teoforders i s n othi n gbutthes amac h
1
ori n ves tmen twi thoffi c e,orc ommun i c ati on oftheholys pi ri tbyan oi n tmen tan dthei mpos i ti on
ofhan ds . Thetwoformer1 s halltreaton atlargebyan dby
. 2 In thei rus eoftheChaldee
theyarethes ameas theremai n s oftheIoudi ofRajapoutan aan dAfghan i s tan ,i fS i rWi lli am
Jon es c an bec redi ted,forhehas s tatedthemtohavealan guage,tous ehi s words ,
veryli kethe
Chaldai c . 3
Thelaws oftheChaldee-s peaki n gMalabarChri s ti an s havean earaffi n i tytothos eof
theJewi s h-looki n g,Jewi s h-n amed,Chaldee-s peaki n gAfghan s ofNorthIn di aan dtothos eofthe
Wes tern Jews . Thi s affi n i tyi s fartooc los etobetheeffec tofac c i den t
. Thei rlaws ofi n heri t-
S ee CE LTICDRUIDS , Chap .IV . S ec t . IX .

Ithi n ktherec an beli ttledoubtthatc opi es oftheri tuals oftheChri s ti an s ofMalabarmus thavebeen s en tby
Men ezes toRome,an dthattheyarepres ervedthere
.Ifaphi los opherc ouldgetholdofthembeforeourpri es ts ,they
mi ghtyets eetheli ght,an dtheywouldbeveryi mportan ti n deed .

Iobs erveon theMalabarc oas tthedi s tri c tofCherc ull

.Thi s i s ofHerc ul
.
6 6 6
Tamas
an temaybes pec i fi edforon ei n s tan c e,outofgreatn umbers ,un derwhi c hthelan dgoes tothe
n extmalec ous i n orun c le,i n s teadofthedaughter .Ouri ll-i n formedan dprejudi c edwri ters
as s ert,thatthes eChri s ti an s haven otyetlos tallthei roldhabi ts ,butthattheys ti llfollowthe
Brahmi n c us tomofabs tai n i n gfromthefles hofan i mals : i n defi an c eofallPortugues epers ec u-
ti on s ,thes epeopleabs tai n ,whowereChri s ti an s beforethePortugues ec ameamon gthem!The
fac ti s ,i ti s evi den tthattheyareBrahmi n Xpc tavot,havi n gn othi n gtodoei therwi thNes tori us
orthePope .Theywereofthes amereli gi on as thatoftheY outhofLari s s a,theS INDI,whos e
wi dows wereburn ton thedeathofthei rhus ban ds .Theyareofthes amereli gi on as thepeople
referredtobytheE rythran an S i byl .Theyareofthereli gi on oftheX"s atDelphi .Thei r
c hurc hes ortemples weremos tlydes troyedbyTi ppooS ai b .Buts omeofthemwereveryhan d-
s ome,an deac hmus thavec os tas muc has alac kofrupees .Ic an n othelpen tertai n i n gas us pi -
c i on thattheywereatri beoftheIoudi ,fromUpperIn di a,an dthatthetown ofOdi amperought
tobeloudi -pore .
4 .Thetown ofMalli apourwas n everc alledthetown orportofS t .Thomas ,ti llthePortugues e,
un derVas quezdeG ama,arri vedthere
.1 Iti s qui tec learthat,judgi n gfromthelegen dwhi c h
theylearn tfromthen ati ves thataholyThomas hadbeen puttodeaththere,theyi n s tan tlyc on -
c ludedthati tmus thavebeen theplac etowhi c hAlfreds en thi s embas s y .An dtheydi s torted
everytradi ti on an dc i rc ums tan c etomakei tfi tthi s theory .
Ifmyreaderhaven otaverys hortmemoryhewi llrec ollec tthat,i n Ch
.II
.S ec t .9 ,wefoun d
thei s lan dofE rythri eai n Ceylon orDi u,an dthat,on thec oas tofMalabar,weals ofoun dthe
E rythraean S ea,an dac oun tryofE rythraeabetween theIn dus an dG an ges
.Wehaveals ofoun d
aCri s tn ai n thei s lan dan dc oun trywas hedbythi s s ea,ofwhomthes amethi n gs aretoldas are
toldofJes us Chri s t
.Wehaveals ofoun dthat,ac c ordi n gtoJus ti n Martyr,theE rythrc ean S i byl
foretoldallthi n gs whi c hs houldhappen toJes us Chri s t
.Nowwehaveli kewi s es een thatAdon i s
i s theTamuzoftheBi ble,an dthaton thec oas tofMalabarwas apromon toryofTaurus ,as re-
portedbythean c i en tG reekgeographers ,an di n thi s c oun trytherei s atown ordi s tri c tc alled
Adon i
.NowaThomas i s s ai dtohavebeen foun di n In di a,an dtohavebeen puttodeath,an da
bodyofChri s ti an s arefoun dwho,i ti s s ai d,werefollowers ofthi s Thomas
.Is theren otgreat
roomfors us pi c i on ,thatthi s Thomas was theTamus forwhomthewomen ofJudeawept,an d
thathi s followers weren otChri s ti an s ,butXpg-ti an s ,followers ofhi mofwhomtheE rythraean
S i bylprophes i ed?Iti s averyi mportan tfac t,thatthec i tyofAdon i s houldn otbefarfromthe
plac ewhereThomas was puttodeath,an dthatalargeTE MPLE s houldbeplac edon thehi ghes t
moun tofthec oun tryc alledS ALE M,ofc ours ei s poc -S alem2
ThePortugues efi n di n gthes eChri s ti an s wors hi pi n gan dbewai li n gaThomas orTamuz-putto
deathatthevern alequi n ox,an dafterthreedays ri s i n gagai n toli fe,as Is halls kewi n afuture
book-towhomwereattri butedallthi n gs whi c hwereattri butedtoJes us Chri s t,s ettledi ti n -
s tan tly,thattherewas ami s takei gn oran tlymadebetween S t
.Thomas (whomus thavegon eto
In di aas theybeli eved)an dJes us Chri s t-ami s takebeforemadebyJerom : theythen proc eeded
todes troythei rs ac redbooks i n theHebreworChaldeeton gue,thelan guagei n whi c hwehave
theac c oun tofthewomen weepi n gforTamus ,an dgavethemthei rown gos pels
: thes ethey
properlygavethemi n theChaldeeorHebrew,thatbei n gthelan guagewhi c hthen ati ves ofthi s
c oun try,theLas c ars ,s peakatthi s day,an dthatoftheMan dai tes orNazaren es ,Chri s ti an s ofS t
.
Chatfi eld's Hi s t
.Rev.Hi s t .ofHi n d.p
.331 ,n .
zIn then ameofThamas K ouli -K han wehavean exampleoftheadopti on ofas ac redn ameaftertheHi n doo
fas hi on .
BookX.ChapterV . S ec ti on 5

6 6 7
John . F romthi s quartertheMan i c haeaus hadbeforec ometotheWes t,bri n gi n gwi ththemals o
thei rApos tleThomas .
5 .Nowletus lookatMaduraon theJumn a,wherewehavefoun dourCri s tn a,an dafterward
towards theS outh,n earCapeComori n an dthei s lan dofCeylon orE rythreea,wheretheS i byl
c amefrom,an dwes hallfi n dan otherPan di on ,aMadura,aTan jore,aTri c ala,aS alem,an Adon i ,
a
COLIDA n owCoc hi n ,an dadi s tri c torplac ec alledAur, URR, orOri s s a,an daTri c hi n opoly . At
Madurai s amos tmagn i fi c en ttemple,probablythelarges ti n In di a,oc c upyi n gaboutas quare
mi leofgroun d.
TheJes ui tBouc het,i n alettertotheBi s hopofAvran c hes ,abouttheyear1 7 1 0,has gi ven an
ac c oun tofthereli gi on oftheBrahmi n s atthi s temple,wheretheMohamedan s n everhadan y
powerori n fluen c ewhatever . Thi s i mmen s etemplewas thepropertyofthegovern men tofthe
c oun try,n otofas ec t . Ac c ordi n gtothei rdoc tri n e,fromtheS upremeeman atedtheTri murti ,
on eofwhomformedourworldan dman ,an dplac edhi mi n agarden ofdeli ght,whereweretwo
trees ofG oodan dE vi l . Thi s s torywas ac c ompan i edwi ththatofthetemptati on ,& c .,& c
.
Therei s als oan ac c oun tofAbrahaman dS aras vedi ,theattempttos ac ri fi c eIs aac ,thes on ,an d
thepreven ti on ofi t
. Then wehave a relati on ofCri s hen (Mos es )expos edon ari ver,an ds avedby
apri n c es s : afterthatCri s hen expos edon ari veran dtheri veropen i n gtos avehi mfromatyra
whopurs uedhi m,an dwhi c hc los edon thetyran tan ddrown edhi man dhi s followers . Afterthi s ,
theJes ui tgoes on todes c ri betheVeda,gi ven fromamoun tai n ,li kethelawatS i n ai ,an dman y
oftheri tes an dlaws ofthec oun tryres pec ti n gbothreli gi on an dproperty,as bei n gac los ec opy
ofthos eoftheJews . Hedes c ri bes thepas c hals ac ri fi c eoftheLamb ;
an d,whati s veryextra-
ordi n ary,theheadc hi efs ofthen ati on ,butn oothers ,havetheri ghtofc i rc umc i s i on
. Thes ub-
s tan c eofthi s i s repeatedbyBartolomeus ,Tab .XIX
.,who,i n addi ti on towhattheJes ui thas
s hewn ,has proved,byquotati on s fromArri an ,Pli n y,& c
.,thatthi s c oun trywas an c i en tlykn own by
then ameofPan di on ,whi c hi tbears tothi s day .
Altogetherthi s i s amos tc uri ous hi s toryofthi s
Jes ui t's ,thoughevi den tlyfullofmi s takes ,an dwellworthyoffurtheri n qui ry
. AlltheMos ai c
hi s tory,an dmuc hoftheRomi s hChri s ti an ,i s herei n terwoven wi ththeoldes tIn di an c us toms ,
n ames ofplac es ,laws ofproperty,as exi s ti n gi n theti mes beforeChri s t,as provedbytheG reek
an dLati n authors .
Ihavebeforeobs erved,thats omeofthes epeoplec alledChri s ti an s i n In di a
abs tai n edfroman i malfood,whi c hs eems tos hewthemtobeBrahmi n s
. Thi s theyc ouldn otbe,
un les s theytookwateri n theE uc hari s t,n orc ouldtheybeJews an dBrahmi n s als oi ftheyatethe
Pas s over,exc epton thegran doc c as i on oftheY ajn i orY -agn i s ac ri fi c e
. , Atali ttledi s tan c efrom
Madurai n Coc hi n or COLIDA,
an dtheplac ec alledAur,i s theUroftheChaldees c alledn ow
Uri -yaan dOri s s a . Iti s perfec tlyc learfromthewholetextan dc on textoftheletters ,thatthes e
peopleweren ei therJews n orChri s ti an s i n ours en s eofthes ewords ,butBrahmi n s -buts ti lln ot
S an s c ri t-s peaki n gBrahmi n s -as Ibeli evetheyus edthelan guagen owc alledTamul . Thefac ti s ,
theywereChri s ti an s ,ofthes ec toftheY outhofLari s s ai n Thrac e .
In thec en treofthi s c oun try,i n lat .1 34 6 ,lon g.7 9 2 4 ',s tan ds thefamous templeofTri petty
orTerputtyorTri pati ,beforen oti c edi n Bk .IV .Ch .II .S ec t .3,wherei s thec ruc i fi edWi ttoba
orBal-i ji ,orRamaorTri pati
. Pi lgri ms ,i n greatn umbers ,c omehi therfromtheBatti es orBat
ten i an s ofNorthIn di a .
NoE uropean has everpen etratedi n tothes an c tums an c torumofthi s
temple . I
'
S eeTravels of Jes ui ts ,i n E n gli s h,
1 7 1 4 , Lon d.
Y
Beyon dthes ac redri verDon , or the Ri verofWi s dom,
was ac oun tryc alledDec apoli s .Beyon dtheRi verNer-
buddhaortheRi ver
of Buddhaor Wi s dom was ac oun tryc alledDec an
. Thetopographi c als i mi lari ty of the holy lan d
of In di a,an d of that
of Wes tern As i a, i s verys tri ki n g.Hami lton 's E as t-In di a G az . 2 Vols
.
1 82 8 .
6 6 8
Jes ui ts
Upon theac c oun toftheJes ui t
6
G ogueti tmaybeexpedi en ttoobs erve,thati ti s evi den c ewhi c h
c an n otbei mpeac hed
: an dherewes eeveryc learlythatthepeoplewhomhedes c ri bes as pos -
s es s i n gthedoc tri n es ofMos es an dJes us Chri s t,orCri s tn a,areBrahmi n s ,an dn ei therJews
n orChri s ti an s i n theus uals en s eofthes ewords
.Thes epeoplewerethegovern ors orhead
c las s ofa great s tate
c alledMadura
;therefore,i fabodyofrefugeeJews di darri ve,as a
gen tleman ofthen ameofBaber,fromapaperreadtotheAs i ati c S oc i ety,i n Marc h,1 830,would
haveus beli eve,i n theyearofChri s t5 6 ,an d
purc has e
the s overei gn ty ofac oun try,
(theon ly
i n s tan c eoftheki n di n thehi s toryoftheoldworld,)thi s mus thavebeen atotallys eparateaffai r
.
Mr
.Baberproduc es agran ttoJews ,an dtells us thattheJews ofthepres en tdayadmi tthatthe
Chri s ti an s werei n thec oun trybeforethen
.
Allthi s i s eas i lys een through .
TheChri s ti an s
wereCres ti an s ofColi da
.TheJews wereCres ti an s ofan earli eri n c arn ati on orofMos es
. The
c hi lddes ertedan ds aved,an dtaken bytheJes ui tforMos es alon e,i s n othi n gbutthes torywhi c h
wehavebefores een ofMos es ,Cyrus ,Cri s tn a,Romulus ,partofthemythos ofVi rgi l's n ew
Argon auts an dn ewTroys
.
Thus when thePortugues e,un derG ama,arri vedatMelli apour,
theyfoun das toryofTamuz,& c . ;
alltheres tfollowedofc ours e
. Thepeopleofthetri beof
Ioudi ,an dtheXp-~s -ti an s ,thes ameas theChrees ti an s ofDelphi ,arefoun dherebyWes tern
Jews an dChri s ti an s :
but,li keallan c i en ttri bes ,theykn owli ttleorn othi n gofthei rveryearly
hi s tory .
Then ewc omers proc eedtoc orrec twhattheyc allthemi s takes oftheoldi n habi tan ts ,
gi vi n gthemPen tateuc hs an dG os pels ;
thus s ec ts ofeac harerai s ed
. TheBrahmi n s ,atthe
i mmen s etempleatMadura,keeptheoldhi s toryofMos es an dCri s hen ,thes ec ts takethebooks
ofthen ew-c omers fromtheWes t .Thes torytoldtoMr
.Baber,oftheJews havi n gboughtthe
c oun try,i s an evi den tli e,toac c oun tforwhatwas totheman un ac c oun tablefac t,theBrahmi n s '
govern men tbei n gJewi s h .
Thegran tofs even ty-twohous es toexac tlys even ty-twofami li es
arri vi n gfromtheWes t,as Jac oban dhi s s even ty-twos ouls arri vedi n E gypt,proves thewhole
tobeamythos .
S odec i dedlyBrahmi n was thec oun try,whi c hhadi n i ts reli gi on allthefac ts
s tatedaboveres pec ti n gMos es an dCri s tn a,thattheJes ui tRobertus deNobi li bus an dhi s as s o-
c i ates ,i thas been s ai d,an das Ihaveformerlyn oti c ed,wereobli gedtoturn ,toallappearan c e,
Brahmi n s an dS an i as s es ,whi c htheyc ertai n lydi d,i n ordertoproc ureatten ti on -an dthatthey,
wi thafraudulen tdes i gn ,preten dedthattheywereofthes amereli gi on ,on lyfromadi s tan tBrahmi n
n ati on ,c alledRoum
.Ithas been s ai d,Ibeli evebyVoltai re,whopreten dedtoprovei tagai n s t
them,thattheyhadgon ethelen gthofforgi n gaVeda,whi c hac tuallypas s edforman yyears as
gen ui n e INTHE COUNTRY : butIhaveas us pi c i on thatthi s Vedawas n otforged
.Heon lyjudged
i ttobes ofromi ts c on ten ts ,c on s i s ti n gofdoc tri n es s tri ki n glys i mi lartothos eoftheChri s ti an s
.
Its eems tobeas abs urdtos uppos ethatthelearn edBrahmi n s ,theon lyreaders oftheVedas ,
s houldn otkn owthei rown Vedas ,as i twouldbetoas s ertthatourpri es ts di dn otkn owthei r
own Pen tateuc horG os pels .
TheJes ui tBouc hetc omplai n s thathec an n otgets i ghtofthes ec ret
books ,thoughhelearn s thec on ten ts ,as detai ledabove,fromtheBrahmi n s
. TheVedaafterward
produc edbyRobertus ,was probablythebookc on tai n i n gthi s hi s tory,an dforthatveryreas on
s uppos edbyVoltai retobeaforgery,an dforthatreas on alon e . Mr
.Baberthi n ks hehas proved
theChri s ti an s tohavebeen i n thi s c oun tryatMadura,i n theyearofChri s t5 6
. 1 don otdi s pute
hi s proof,as Ithi n khemi ghthavegon ebac ktos omeyearofac yc leathous an dyears s oon er
.
Its eems almos tc ertai n thattheBrahmi n s ofMadura,i n thei rs ac redbooks ,mus thavehada
hi s toryofaMos es ,an dan E xod,an dals oahi s torys i mi lartothattoldbytheS i byl
. Hadtheya
Pen tateuc h? Hadtheyan yotherJewi s hbooks ?
Hadtheyan ybooks aboutTobi t,orS aul,
Davi d,orDaud-potri ,orS oluman n ee,orS olomon ? Idon otmean theS olomon , whos emagn i fi -
c en tempi rewas i n vi s i bletoHerodotus ,
when s earc hi n gforki n gdoms i n Judaea,buttheS olomon
whogaven ames tothemoun tai n s i n Rajah-poutan a,an dwhobui ltthetemplei n Cas hmere,n ear
BookX.ChapterV
.S ec ti on 6

6 6 9
whi c hMos es was buri ed,an dwherehi s tombremai n s ,an dtheotherTec t-S olomon s i n In di a
.I
wi lln ows us pen dforali ttleti mewhatIhavefarthertos ayc on c ern i n gS t
.Thomas ,leavi n gthes e
obs ervati on s res pec ti n ghi mtomyreader's reflec ti on s ,an dreturn toS ali vahan a
.
6 .Then i n thAvatari n In di a,was kn own bythen ameofVi c ramadi tya,as wellas bythatof
S ali vahan a,thec arpen ter
.As maybereas on ablyexpec ted,man yeven ts ofhi s li febearac los e
res emblan c etothos eofCri s tn aan dotheri n c arn ati on s ,whi c hwehaves een bore,i n man y
res pec ts ,ac los eres emblan c etoon ean other
.'S ali vahan abears datethei den ti c alyearofJes us
Chri s t : yeti ti s ac kn owledgedthattherewerefoun d,as Col
.Wi lfords ays ,on c los eexami n ati on ,
n i n epers on s ofhi s n ame,havi n gn earlythes amehi s tory
.2 Thi s i s prec i s elyas i toughttobe
.
Therei s on eforeac hofthen i n ec yc les
.Thi s i s c on fi rmedbythefac t,thattheBuddhi s ts ,as
wellas theBrahmi n s ,3c lai mS ali vahan aas belon gi n gtothem
.S ali vahan aan dVi c ramadi tya
areon lydes c ri pti veterms orepi thets ,mi s taken forpropern ames
.
Wereadi n Hi n doobooks ofn i n eG ems ,i i i thec ourtofthemon arc hVi c rama
.Thi s i s an
allegory .TheG ems ,li ketheMus es ofG reec e,vari ed
.4 Theyi n c reas edas thec yc les i n c reas ed
.
In theti meofChri s tthereweren i n eofthem
.Theywerethes ameas thewi s emen ors ages ,
s even ofwhomwereadofi n thewri ti n gs oftheoldG reekauthors
: s even on lyhadthen pas s ed
theMes s i ahs wereMus es ,an dals oCuretes -i n li keman n ervaryi n g-thefi rs tfromyw'i s o,to
s ave,theotherfromtaro
.
S ali vahan a,S ali -vahan ,S ali ban ,orS alban ,i s formedofthewordS ali borS alb,whi c hhas the
mean i n goftheG reek6 Tavpos ,furc a,orc ros s ,orc ruc i fi ed,an dvahan a,c arri ed,fromtheS an s c ri t
verbvah,Lati n veho,toc arry
.5 Then S ali vahan awi llhavethemean i n gofc ros s -born e
.Thus
thereweren i n ec ros s -born eAvatars ,letthembewhotheymay,an dli vewheretheymay
.An d
n ow,i fwelookbac ktotheBk
.IX .Ch .III .S ec t
.6 ,on S emi rami s ,wes hallfi n dthatherIn -
di an c on querorwas c alledS taurobates ,whi c hi s ali teraltran s lati on ofthewordS ali vahan ai n to
theG reeklan guage-as i fwes houldfi n dapers on c alledLuc as i n Lati n ,an ds houldc allhi m
G rove : orLi gn uman ds houldc allhi mWood
.
1 s us pec tthatourS alva-ti on c omes fromthec ros s -born eS ali -vahan a
;an dthatallthefollowi n g
words haveac los ec on n exi on ei therbyderi vati on ortran s lati on
S ali -vahan a--s ales -veho,Ibri n ghealthors alvati on
.
S ally-then ameofthewi feofAbraham,S arah,S arai s wati ,c alledn tt"i s eorIs c ahorE veor
Is i s .
S alus -health .S aluti s ,ofhealthorS alvati on
.
S alus -buryorS arumorS ares buri e,i
.e .S ares -pore .
S olym-theHebrewo5 ws lm,S alem,peac eors alvati on
.
S uli -Mi n erva,theBathG oddes s ofhealth
.
S ol-theS avi ourorHealer,when c ethes pri n gatBathwas F on s S oli s orF on s S uli -Mi n ervae
.
TheearlyChri s ti an Mon ks werec alledTherapeutaeorphys i c i an s ofthes oul
.
Thewords Deo-S oli aretobes een on n umerous pi c tures oftheblac kmotheran dc hi ldi n
Italy-theblac kc hi ldhavi n gaglory
.Thes ewords Is hallexplai n byan dby,when Ireturn to
theori gi n ofletters .
Thefollowi n gextrac tfromBan i er's Travels c on tai n s s omes tri ki n gparti c ulars ,an dwi llc on -
fi rmwhathas been s ai dabove
.
'As i at
.Res .Vol .IX .p .2 1 1 .

aIbi d
.p .1 1 7 .

3Ibi d
.p.2 1 1 .
4 An otherexampleofaG reektran s lati on maybefoun di n then ameofthec i tyPalai gon os whi c hi s n owc alled
Pali putraan dPali bothra,(As i at.Res .Vol
.III .p.36 9 ,)bothwords mean i n gc hi ldren ofPallorBali .
5 As i at
.Res
.Vol
.X
.p .1 2 0.
6 7 0
Vi c ramadi tya
" Moreover,Ihaves een the
Rev .
fatherRoa,aG erman Jes ui tan dMi s s i on aryatAgra,who
"bei n gwellvers edi n thei rHan s c ri t,mai n tai n edthatthei rbooks di dn oton lyi mporttherewas
"
on eG odi n threepers on s ,buteven thes ec on dpers on ofthei rTri n i tywas i n c arn ated
NINE

TIME S .
An dthatImayn otbethoughttoas c ri betomys elfthewri ti n gs ofothers ,Is hall
"
relateun toyouwordforwordwhatac ertai n Carmeli teofChi ras pathli ghtedon ,whi c hhe
"
relatedwhen theabove-men ti on edfatherRoapas s edthatwaytoc omebac ktoRome
.The

G en ti les (s ai thhe)doholdthatthes ec on dpers on oftheTri n i ty

WAS INCARNATE DNINE TIME S ,
"
an dthatbec aus eofdi vers n ec es s i ti es oftheworld,fromwhi c hhehathdeli veredi t
: butthe
"ei ghthi n c arn ati on i s themos tn otable
;
fortheyhold,thattheworldbei n gen s lavedun derthe

powerofgi an ts ,i twas redeemedbythes ec on dpers on ,i n c arn atedan dborn ofaVi rgi n atmi d-
'`
n i ght,thean gels s i n gi n gi n theai r,an dtheheaven s pouri n gdown as howerofflowers allthat
"
n i ght ."
Hethen goes on tos ay,thatthei n c arn ateG odwas woun dedi n thes i debyagi an t,
i n c on s equen c eofwhi c hhei s c alled
thewoun dedi n thes i de
; an dthat ATE NTH
i n c arn ati on i s yet
toc ome
.
Heafterthi s relates as torythatthethi rdpers on oftheTri n i tyappearedi n theform
offi re .'
Theobs ervati on thatthe ei ghth
avatarori n c arn ati on i s themos tn otable,i s i n deedverytruly
s o ;
bec aus ei tproves thatthemythos orhi s toryofthe
ei ghth was prec i s elythes ameas the
n i n th,
prec i s elyas i toughttobe,ac c ordi n gtomytheory,an dac c ordi n gtoVi rgi l
.Thewords
n i n eti mes
whi c hIhaveputi n c api talletters provethathec learlydi s ti n gui s hedbetween the
ei ghthan dn i n thti me,thus gi vi n gus aproof,whi c hwehaven owhereels e,s oc lear,that,i n s e-
veralres pec ts ,theavatars werethes ame .
F ewthi n gs havec on duc edmoretothec on fus i on ofhi s tory,than themi s taki n gofdes c ri pti ve
terms forpropern ames
.Alon gwi ththi s maybec las s edtheaddi ti on oftheemphati c arti c leto
n ames ,bywhi c h,i n man yc as es ,an amebec omes c ompletelydi s gui s ed .TheK oran an dthe
Alkoran furn i s haprettygoodexample .Mi tzrai mi s probablyon lyOs i ri s orIs i ri s i n theplural,
as Bi s hopCumberlan dhas obs erved,when theletterM(themys ti c alM,whi c hhedi dn otpre-
ten dtoun ders tan d)i s leftout . 2
Col
.Wi lfordc on fes s es ,thatS ali vahan aan dVi c ramadi tya,whomhes hews tobeon ean dthe
s amepers on ,(thoughheafterwardc on tradi c ts thi s ,an dmakes S ali vahan aki llVi c ramadi tya,)
are
i n volvedi n i mpen etrabledarkn es s .
Hewas toowellreadi n In di an hi s torytobeli evethatS ali -
vahan awas ac opyfromJes us oftheWes t .Itwas agai n s thi s fai thtobeli evethatJes us was
c opi edfromS ali vahan a .Thus i twas veryn aturalthatWi lfords houldbei n as tateofgreatper-
plexi ty .
Aboutthebegi n n i n gofthes eraofS ali vahan a,theRoman s bec amepos s es s edofalargepartof
As i a,an dpen etratedi n toIn di a,wi thwhi c htheyc arri edon agreattrade ;an ddevotees wi lltell
us ,thattheyc arri edthedoc tri n es ofJes us Chri s ttoIn di a,fromwhi c hthehi s toryofS ali vahan a
was c opi ed.Ofc ours ethi s wi llbeverys ati s fac torytopers on s ofthi s des c ri pti on .Butphi los o-
phers wi lldoubt,an das k,howc ametheretoben i n eVi c ramadi tyas orS ali vahan as ,orc ros s -
born eAvatars ? E veryon emus tjudgeforhi ms elf.Iti s on lyn ec es s aryformyargumen t,to
poi n toutthewell-markedAvatarorCyc lec orrec tlyi n i ts properplac e,an dthat,i n otherre-
s pec ts ,i tres embles thos ewhi c hprec ededi t .Is hallthereforedwellupon i tn olon ger .F or
moreparti c ulars myreadermayc on s ultthen i n than dten thvolumes oftheAs i ati c Res earc hes .
Ifthes ehi s tori es ofCol.Wi lford's bec redi ted,alltheac c oun ts ofCri s tn awi llhavebeen taken
from Modern Rome . Perhaps Imaybetold,thattherewouldben odi ffi c ultyi n getti n g BLACK
G ods -Chri s ts -fromItaly,on myowls s hewi n g,s oman yofthembei n gyetleft
.
' Tavern i er's an dBern i er's Travels , Vol .II .p .1 06 ,E d.fol.

'
Ori g. G en . p .1 00
.
BookX
.Chapter V .S ec ti on "

6 7 1
Thec i tyon thec oas tofAs i aMi n oroppos i tetoChi os c alledE rythraea,i s s uppos edtohave
been thattowhi c hAugus tus s en tfortheE rythraean S i byl,buttherewas
at averygreatdi s tan c e
fromthi s an E rythrrean s ea,n owc alledbytheG reeks Oman orOm, whi c hexten dedas faras
Taproban e,S eri n di ve,Lan c a,orCeylon ,orthei s lan dofRama,thes ac redIs lan d,wherethe
S amari tan Pen tateuc hs ays thearkres ted,wheretherei s themarkofthefootofbothAdaman d
Buddha,wheretherei s als oatown c alledColumbo,thes ameas i s foun di n thes ac redi s lan dof
Ion a,i n theWes t,allwhi c h,wi thvari ous othermatters ,Ihavebefores hewn .In thi s i s lan dthe
wors hi pofS ali vahan aprevai led.NowIas ktheques ti on ,Is i tn otprobablethattheadven tures
ofthec arpen terofS yri a,whi c hwefi n drepeatedordupli c atedbytheE rythraean S i byl,maybe
fromthec arpen terthec ros s -born eS ali va-han aofIn di a?An di fs o,theE rythraean S i byl,who,
wehaves een ,exi s tedbeforeChri s t,mayhavec omefromS eri n di veortheholyi s lan d .In a
formerS ec ti on ofthi s book,wefoun dthattheS i byl,as Lardn ertrulys tates ,i s repres en tedby
Jus ti n Martyrtohaveforetoldn oton lythec omi n gofJes us , BUT
ALL
THING S
THAT S HOULD
BE
DONE BY HIM. Nowi ti s evi den t,thattheS i bylmayhavec opi edfromthegos pelhi s tori es ,or
thegos pelhi s tori es mayhavebeen c opi edfromtheS i byl
: an di ti s abs olutelyi n c umben ton us
toen terupon ac los ean dveryc arefulexami n ati on i n tothegen ui n en es s ofthegos pelhi s tori es .
E xc eptthegos pelhi s tori es beearli er,therei s n ogen ui n eChri s ti an authoren ti ren owexi s ti n g,
earli erthan Jus ti n 's fi rs tApology :
(alltheApos toli c fathers ,Con s ti tuti on s ,& c
.,areforgeri es : )
an dwes eefromthequotati on fromLardn er,thattheeven ts relati n gtoJes us mus thavebeer
i n terpolatedi n theS i byls ,i ftheywerei n terpolatedbeforeJus ti n 's ti me .Jus ti n 's obs ervati on ,
thatallthethi n gs whi c hweredon etoJes us weretobefoun di n theS i byl,almos tproves thati t
c an n othavebeen i n terpolatedafterhi s ti me ;bec aus e,i fthes ethi n gs wereputi n totheS i byl,
theymus tratherhavebeen c opi es fromtheoldc opi es oftheS i bylthan i n terpolati on s .People
c ouldn oti n terpolatewhatwas therealready .Iti s trulyverys urpri s i n gthattheS i bylfromthe
E rythraean s eabeforetheti meofChri s t,s houldc on tai n thehi s torybothofJes us an dofS ali va-
li an a .
Theobs ervati on ofJus ti n Martyrthatalmos tthewholehi s toryofJes us Chri s twas tobe
foun di n theS i byl,mus tn otbeforgotten ,as hereafterIs hallreturn toi t,an di twi llbefoun dto
i n volveac on s equen c eoftheveryfi rs ti mportan c e
.
7 .
Iti s allowedthatRamaprec ededCri s tn a,an dyettheyareboths ai dtobethes ame .In
Hebrew
tort` )
ram mean s Bull ;
buti ti s eas ytos eefromParkhurs t,(i n voc e,)thati tals omean s
Ran t or maleLamb. Thus as Ramai s thes ameas Cri s tn a,an dCri s tn ai s thes ameas thes un
i n Ari es ,Ramai s als othes ameas Adon i s ,whi c hwas thes un i n Ari es
.Adon i s i s thes ameas
Tamuz,ki lledan dbewai ledi n Wes tern S yri a
.Tamuzi s foun dtohavedi ed,ortohavebeen
ki lledan dbewai led,on thec oas tof Coroman del.
K p-toe an d
7 3
kr mean aLambRam.' Man -
dalammean s ac i rc le or c yc le : 2 then ,c oas tof
Cr-man dalwi ll mean c oas tofc yc le ofthe Ram
Lamb. In thelan guageoftheWes t,thi s i s themean i n gofCoroman dal
.Thelan guageofthe
Wes tbei n gfoun di n an E as tern c oun try,wi llradi c allys ti llretai n i ts Wes tern mean i n g .The
loc ali tywi llmaken odi fferen c e . 3
TheRama,Adon i s ,Tamuz,was theE gypti an a4 m-on orIn di an
Om, wors hi pedi n theformofaLamborS avi ouratS ai s an dThebes
. 4
S eri n di vemean s ,i n theS an s c ri t,S re-rama-di ve,theIs lan doftheholyRama
.When Ic on -
s i derthati n HebrewthewordRammean s both s tron g an daRam,an dthatRomewas c on s i dered
an dc alledbytheHeathen s a s ac redc i ty, I
c an n othelps us pec ti n gthati twas thec i tyoftheholy
Rama .
'
An dals oac i rc le .Parkhurs t, i n voc e '1 3 kr,II .pp .337 ,6 6 7 .

s
Tran s .RoyalS oc .E d.Vol .II . p.1 4 1 .
a
Iti s jus tthes amewi thNerbuddha .

4
Parkhurs t,i n voc e ` o hr,II .
6
7 2
Dan i el
When Irec ollec tthefarc eofthePes s i n un c i an s ton e,broughtfromPes s i n us ,i n Phrygi a,to
Rome,toen s urei ts s afety,byS c i pi o, thebes t man
i n thatc i ty,an dIc on templatetheplac es c alled
Roma,an dthec oun tryofAs i aMi n orc alled Roum,I
c an n otdoubtthattherewas amythos
c ommon tothetwoc oun tri es
.Lon gbeforetheti meofChri s t,orthec on ques tofAs i aMi n orby
theRoman s ,Creuzers ays ,'thePhrygi an s c lai medtobethemos tan c i en tpeopleoftheworld,
an dtohavebeen c i vi li zedbytheG reatMotherc alledMa,orCybele .In theClas s i c alJourn al I i t
i s s ai d, "
Nordoan yremai n s ofthi s lan guageappeari n theNorthern c oun tri es ofAs i a,n ori n
u
RouM(thati s tos ay,i n As i aMi n or)
."Imuc hs us pec tthattheRamaofIn di aoughttobe
Roma,ortheRoma,orPwrlofG reec e-Ramaor
Pa . When Ifi n dtheS aturn i as ,Palli s ,
Vi terbos ,Ladi es ofLoretto,& c .,& c
.,& c .,i n Italy,i ti s n otabs urdtoexpec ttodi s c overthe
Ramas
.
ADyn as tyofE gypti an pri es ts on c erei gn ed,c alledPi romi s ,whi c hthean c i en thi s tori an
expoun ds agood or vi rtuous man .
Buti ti s evi den tlytheemphati c arti c lePi an dRomaor
Rama . 3
On eoftheG ates ofAn ti oc hwas c alledtheRoman es i an byS eleuc as Ni c ator,towhomWes tern
Romec ouldbekn own on lybydi s tan trumour . 4
In owreques tmyreadertorec ollec twhathas been s ai dbefore,i n di fferen tparts ofthi s work,
ofRoma,orRama,orRam.
In theIn di an ac c oun ts oftheS ali vahan as orVi c ramadi tyas
frequen tmen ti on i s madeofaplac ewhen c etheyc ame,c alledbyourauthors ,Roum,or
ROM
.,
or
Ram.ThattheS ali vahan aofIn di a,i n theti meofChri s t,s houldhavec opi edfromthePapal
c hurc h,n otes tabli s hedti llthreehun dredyears afterward,s eemedi mpos s i ble,buthowtoac c oun t
forthi s Ic ouldn ottell
.Atlas tIac c i den tallylearn t,froman In di an s c holar,thatthec elebrated
Lan c a,S eri n di ve,Pali s i mun da,Ceylon ,c alledals oTaproban e,was thes ac redi s lan dofRam,
whi c hIdoubtn otwas c orruptedtoRomorRoum :
thi s removes allthedi ffi c ulti es .Wemus t
rememberi n whatas i n gularwaytheG odRamaorHerc ules was s ai dtobethes amewi th
Cri s tn a ;an dherewefi n dhi mc on n ec ted,i n as tri ki n gman n er,wi thS ali vahan a ;forbothRam
an dS ali vahan awerefavouri teobjec ts ofadorati on wi ththeCi n gales e .Ibegmyreadertoatten d
tothec los ec on n exi on whi c hMr
.Parkhurs ts hews exi s ted,i n words an di n s en s e,between the
n ames of Pwp, Rome,Valen c i a,RamaofS yri a,theHebrewword
=K
-) ram, (mean i n g,li kethe
G reekPa)1 %7 j, s tren gth,) theE n gli s hRam,themaleS heep,an dtheLambRam,bothi n the
Romi s hreli gi on an di n ours ,an dthati tals ohadthemean i n gofBull-bothBullan dS heep
.
Wemus tals orec ollec tthedoubleAvatarofRamaan dCri s tn a : an dherei s thedoubleAvatarof
Ramaan dS ali vahan aorCri s tn a,forS ali vahan awas an i n c arn ati on ofCri s tn aorVi s hn u .Rama
prec ededCri s tn awhen thes un en teredAri es .Di dRama,i n li keman n er,prec edeTaurus or
thetwi n s ,when thes un en teredG emi n i ? forTamus mean s twi n s , theDi dymus orThomas .
Ofthi s morepres en tly .
8
.Imus tn owreturn tothec yc les an dtheprophec i es ofDan i el .
Dan i eli s s ai dtohaveli vedatthec ourtoftheki n gofBabylon ,tohavebeen attheheadofthe
As trologers ,Magi ,an dChaldean s ,an dtohaveflouri s hedbothbeforean dafterthetaki n gofthat
c i tybythePers i an s .Whoan dwhathewas s eems doubtful
.S everalbooks ofprophec yareextan t
un derhi s n ame .Theyarepatron i zedbytheChri s ti an s ,butthei rauthori ty,Ibeli eve,i s den i ed
bytheJews
.F ews ubjec ts haveexerc i s edthepen s an dwi ts ofpolemi c s an ddevotees morethan
TomeII
.P
.5 7 .

s
1 82 8,p .2 9 0 .

3 Un i vers . An c .Hi s t .Vol .XVIII .Chap .xx .p .31 2 .

4
Ni mrod,Vol.III.p .302 .
BookX.'ChapterV
. S ec ti on 8

6 7 3
thes eprophec i es .Ithi n kDan i elun ders toodthedoc tri n eoftheren ewalofCyc les ,as Vi rgi ldi d
i n alaterday,an dIs halln owen deavourtos hew,thathi s prophec i es hadareferen c etothem,as ,
i n fac t,theChri s ti an s s ay.' BeforeIproc eedImus tobs erve,thati n alltheprophec i es ofDan i el
an dtheApoc alyps e,adaymean s ayear,an daweeks even years .In keepi n gwi ththi s ,i n the
Ori en talc yc li c almythos es ,1 2 ,000years arec alledadayofBrahm,an d1 2 ,000x36 0=4 ,32 0,000
arec alledayear .
Ithi n kthegreaterpartofDan i el's prophec ymaybeexplai n ed
.Is uppos ei twi llbeallowed,
thattheMes s i ahwas toappearan dbec utoffabouttheen dof6 9 weeks or6 9 X7 =4 83years ,
afterthepredi c ti on ofDan i el .The7 0weeks make4 9 0years .Hewas tobec utoffi n themi ds t
ofthelas tweek,thati s ,aboutthreean dahalfyears afterhehadbegun hi s mi n i s try .S othat
wemus tfi n d4 86 years fromthetwen ti ethyearofArtaxerxes (as s tatedbythemys ti c s )tothe
deathofChri s t .TheHeathen c hron ologers rec kon 35 4 years fromthedeathofAlexan dertothe
n i n eteen thyearoftherei gn ofTi beri us ;an di ftothi s beadded1 32 years ,theti mefromthe
twen ti ethyearofArtaxerxes toAlexan der,wehave4 86 -then umberrequi red .Is uppos ethat
Dan i elc alc ulatedthec yc le,fromthebi rthofCyrus tothebi rthofChri s t,at6 00years ,an dc alc u-
latedtheMes s i ah's li feat33or34 years .Thi s mi ghtbethereas on whytheChri s ti an s fi xedhi s
li feat33years .IftheMes s i ahweretobec utoffabout4 83years afterthepredi c ti on ofDan i el,
then i f4 83years -33years thedurati on ofhi s li fe-bec alc ulatedbac kfromthec on jun c ti on of
theS un an dMoon i n thethi rdorfourthyearbeforeChri s t,wes hallhavetheyeari n whi c h
Dan i elmadehi s prophec y,whi c heveryas trologeri n theworldc ouldhavemadeas wellas Dan i el ;
an di fwec alc ulatebac ktotheec li ps eofThales ,i toughttomakeupthe6 00 .
TheAs trologers an dtheChaldean s wereprophets ,orrathertheprophets wereas trologers
.
Dan i elwas attheheadofthematBabylon ,as i s mos tc learlyprovedbytheBi ble .Is ai ah
foretoldtheMes s i ahCyrus -Om-n ual,Om-our-G od
.Dan i elforetoldJes us ,Ham-Mes s i ah,or
Om-theS avi our,an dJes us was beli eved,as Is hallpres en tlys hew,bytheG n os ti c s an dTem-
plars ,tohaveforetoldMo-hamedorOm-ahmed,Om thedes i reofalln ati on s . Hen c ei twas ,as
Is halls hew,thatthes etwos ec ts ororders ofpers on s werebothoftheChri s ti an an dMohamedan
reli gi on s .
Ihaveoften won deredwhytheword Mo
was prefi xedtotheAhmed,butherewe
havethereas on .Thereas on i s thes ameas thatwhi c hc aus es themys teri ous ,i n expli c able
M-6 00-tobeprefi xedtos oman ymys ti c words ,s uc has M-Omptha,M-ui n ,& c .,& c .
Iti s allowedi n theDi alogues on Prophec y, 2 thatwearen owi n the s even th
mi llen aryofthe
world. Thi s i s exac tlymytheory .When Dan i elprophes i edtoNebuc hadn ezzarofthegolden
head about theyearbeforeChri s t6 03,
3
hec learlys peaks offourki n gdoms ,(c h .i i .39 ,4 0,)i n -
c ludi n gthatthen goi n g,forhec alls Nebuc hadn ezzarthegolden head
.
Afterthee
(hes ays ) s hall
an otherri s e,
(thec yc leofCyrus ,)an dthen athi rdofbras s (thec yc leofJes us ) :
an dafourth
s tron gas i ron (thec yc leofMohamed) .An dthen (vers e4 4 )s hallaki n gdombes etupwhi c h
s halllas tforever-theMi llen i um.Thes eki n gdoms arec yc les of6 00years ,an dbri n gthec om-
men c emen toftheMi llen i umtoabouttheyear1 2 00,ac c ordi n gtowhatIhaveproved,thatthe
s eraofthebi rthofChri s twas thebegi n n i n gofthen i n thageoftheRoman s an dS i byls ,an dthe
n i n thAvatarofIn di a .
Ifthelearn edNi mrodberi ght,thatthebeas tofJohn ,wi thten horn s ,i s thefourthki n gdom
ofDan i el,whi c hIhaves ugges tedtobetheten thNeros ,'then thebeas tmaybethec on s umma-
ti on oftheten Cyc les .Thebeas twi ths even heads an dten horn s wi llbethes i xthous an ds ,an d
thes even thwi llbetheMi llen i um,an dtheten Cyc les wi llbetheten horn s
.Thebeas tthatwas
' Vi deDan i eli x .2 4 -2 7 .

f
Parti v
.p .338.
3
Un i vers .Hi s t .Vol.XXI.p
.5 9 .

4
N'i mrod, VolIII .p.5 9 5 .
6 7 4

Dan i el
toberes us c i tatedun deron eoftheheads -thebeas tthatwas ,an di s n ot,an dgoes i n toperdi ti on ,
thati s ,goes todes truc ti on ,revolves an dpas s es awayas theformerhaddon e .Ithas been ob-
s ervedthatfi veheads werepas s edattheti meofthevi s i on ,an dthatthes i xthwas goi n g ;thi s i s
as i toughttobe-thes i xthmi llen aryrun n i n g
.Thi s an s wers tothebeas twi ths even heads an d
ten horn s .
In c hap .vi i i .ver .1 4 ,i ti s s ai d, Un totwothous an dan dthreehun dreddays ;then s hallthes an c -
tuarybec lean s ed. Thepres en tfas hi on ablemys ti c s ,Mes s rs .Irvi n gan dF rereagreei n opi n i on
thatthe
2 300
years oughttobe 2 4 00 . Theyarejus ti fi edi n thi s bythewordi n goftheLXX .
wherei ti s wri tten
Tezpaxoatal . Thewayi n whi c hthes emys ti c s an dc alc ulators ac c i den tally
an dun c on s c i ous lys upportmys ys temi s verys tri ki n g,an dmorec on vi n c i n gthan an yc alc ulati on s
whi c hIc ouldmake ; forherei ti s evi den tthatDan i el
t
alludedtothec yc lethen run n i n g,an dto
then ext,vi z .thatofCyrus ; then tothetwoafterChri s t ; i n all,fourc yc les or 2 4 00 years ; an d
tothe s i x whi c hhadprec ededthem ;thati s ,to 6 x6 00=36 00-1 -2 4 00_ -6 000 .
Hi s famous ti me,ti mes ,an dhalf
a ti me,or 1 2 6 0, aros eas follows :
2 1 6 0+2 1 6 0+4 2 0+1 2 6 0=
6 000.The
4 2 0 years wemus tobs erveareequaltobetterthan 5 degrees ,butn ottos i x .Thus
30 degrees 2 1 6 0
30 degrees 2 1 6 0
Iti s n ec es s arythattheres houldbeafrac ti on ofadegree,i n c on s equen c eofthetwoc yc les of
theNeros an dtheten Zodi ac als i gn s n otrun n i n g pari pas s u, an dofc ours en otc oi n c i di n gti llthe
en dofthegreatc yc leof 2 1 ,6 00 an d 4 3,2 00 years .
The4 9 0years aretothedes truc ti on ofJerus alem ; then takeoff s even ty, thes pac etoi t,from
thebi rthofChri s t,an dwehave 36 0+6 0=4 2 0 . On emodeofc alc ulati on proves theother,
whi c h,i fi tweretrue,ofc ours ei twoulddo .Itmus tbeobs ervedthatthes eareloos ec al-
c ulati on s (n otpreten di n gtoac c urac y)i n wholen umbers .Is hallrefertothi s byan dby,when
i twi llbemorec learlyun ders tood.
Dan i els ays ,xi i . 1 2 , Bles s edi s hethatc omethtothe 1 335 days .
Voln eyremarks , " Ac c ordi n gtothes epri n c i ples ,whi c harethos eofallas tron omers ,wes ee
"
thatthean n ualprec es s i on bei n g
5 0" an dafrac ti on ofaboutafourthorafi fth,thec on s equen c e
"
i s thatan en ti redegreei s los tordi s plac edi n s even ty-on eyears ,ei ghtorn i n emon ths ,an dan
" en ti res i gn i n about 2 1 5 2 or 2 1 5 3 years ." S eeBk.V.Ch .II .S ec t . 5 , prec i s elyi n on eyear
5 01 , 9 1 " 11 .
Ifthen umber2 4 00weren ottheori gi n al,i tmus thavebeen c orrec tedi n the L
XX.b
y
thepopes ,tomakei ts ui ta
c ertai n mythos whi c hIs hallexplai n pres en tly .
2 1 5 3
30 : 2 1 5 3 : : 5 : 35 8 =6 .
2 1 5 3
35 9
4 6 6 5
1 335
6 000
5 degrees beforeChri s t
. . . .
36 0
An dafrac ti on ,vi z. 6 0 years 6 0
4 7 4 0
1 2 6 0
6 000
BookX.ChapterV .S ec ti on 8

675
T heM es s i ahi s s ai d toprec ed ethef i n al en d of al l thi n g s , ati m e, ti m es , an d ahal f ti m e, or, as
g en eral l y ad m i tted , 1 2 60 y ears .
I f w eal l ow f orthem i s takeof U s heran d throw b ac ktheb i rthof Chri s ttothef i f thy ear,
m aki n g thei n terv al b etw een hi s b i rthan d thed es tru c ti on of theT em pl e75y ears ortothe75th
y ear, an d ad d the1 2 60 tothe75, w es hal l hav e1 3 3 5w hi c h, + 4 665= 60 0 0
.I f D an i el kn ew the
ti m eof J es u s Chri s t, an d w hen thetem pl ew ou l d b ed es troy ed , an d theref orew hen theM i l l en i u m
w ou l d c om m en c e, c ou n ti n g f rom thef i rs tof T au ru s , hew ou l d f i x thes u m s of 1 2 60 an d 1 3 3 5
w i thou tan y d i f f i c u l ty .
I f 1 2 60 ( D an .x i i .7) b ead d ed to70 , an d the4 y ears of U s heral l ow ed f or, i tw i l l al l b u ton e
m akeu pthe1 3 3 5
.T hed es tru c ti on of J eru s al em ou g ht, ac c ord i n g toCal m et, tob e74 , n ot70
then , 1 2 60 + 74 = 1 3 3 4 .
I n theel ev en thv ers etheres eem s tob eac orru pti on , ors om ethi n g al l u d ed toi n theJ ew i s h
hi s tory w hi c hhas n otc om etou s , f ori ts ay s , ors eem s tom ean that, attheen d of 1 2 9 0 y ears , b u t
b ef oretheen d of the1 3 3 5d ay s al l u d ed toi n then ex tv ers e, thes ac ri f i c ean d ob l ati on s hou l d
c eas e .
I n Cal m et' s Chron ol og y thes ac ri f i c ei s s ai d n ottohav ec eas ed ti l l they earof thed es tru c -
ti on of thetem pl e, w hi c hw as 74 y ears af tertheb i rthof Chri s t, w hereas the1 2 9 0 w ou l d b ri n g i t
toab ou t4 5y ears af terhi s b i rth, w hen n othi n g parti c u l arappears tohav ehappen ed , atl eas tthe
d ai l y s ac ri f i c ed oes n otappeartohav ethen c eas ed .A s w ehav ef orm erl y s een av ari ou s read i n g
orc orru pti on of thetex ti n the2 3 0 0 an d 2 4 0 0 y ears , i ti s n otu n f ai r, u n d eral l thec i rc u m s tan c es ,
tos u s pec ton ehereal s o .I f i tb en otac orru pti on , I d on otu n d ers tan d i t .Bu tas i tc on tai n s , i n
l an g u ag e, ac on trad i c ti on tothe- c on tex t, I am j u s ti f i ed i n s u s pec ti n g an otherm i s take .
T hen u m b er666i s c al l ed P s eu d opropheti c al , orw ou l d - b epropheti c .I ti s al s oc al l ed the m ark
of theb eas t, the n am e of theb eas t, an d the
n u m b er
of hi s n am e, ' an d thekn ow l ed g eof i t
w i s d om . I f I had u s ed thos ew ord s I s hou l d hav eb een s ai d toac c om m od atethel an g u ag eu n f ai rl y
tom y theory of thef i rs tl etters b ei n g f i g u res ; of thi s I s hal l treati n af u tu reb ook .
A l m os tal l thed i v i n es NOW
f i x u pon s om ey earb etw een 60 0 an d 61 5f ortheb eg i n n i n g of
D an i el ' s peri od of 1 2 60 y ears
.I n f orm erti m es thi s peri od w as s u ppos ed , an d ri g htl y s u ppos ed ,
tob eg i n w i thChri s t, w hi c hm akes i ten d an d theM i l l en i u m c om m en c ej u s tab ou ttheti m es of the
Cru s ad es : al i ttl eb ef orew hi c h, al l m an ki n d ran toP al es ti n etob eread y f ortheL ord ' s c om i n g
.
Wehearn othi n g of thi s n ow , b ec au s etheti m ei s pas tan d n ew arti f i c es ared ev i s ed toc on c eal
thetru th ; b u ttheCru s ad ers w ereri g ht : thi s w as theen d of theten thNeros an d s i x thM i l l en ary ,
an d w earen ow i n thes ev en thM i l l en ary
.T hew ay i n w hi c hm os tof them od ern m y s ti c s f i x
u pon s om ey earab ou t60 8 f ortheperi od i s v ery s tri ki n g
.S u pers ti ti ou s pers on s i n theb eg i n n i n g
of Chri s ti an i ty f i rs tthou g httheM i l l en i u m w ou l d c om m en c eab ou tthey ear60 0 , then i tw as ad -
j ou rn ed to1 2 0 0 , an d then i tc am eto1 8 0 0 , an d i tw i l l s hortl y b ead j ou rn ed to2 4 0 0 .L on g b ef ore
thatti m e, l i ketheI s rael R ed u x , al l them y s ti c s of thi s d ay w i l l b ef org otten , an d thi s b ookb e
b u rn tb y thepri es ts .
T heR ev
.D r .Bu c han an 2 s ay s , " I n they ear1 667, M r.S am u el L ee, as c hol arof en l arg ed
GC
v i ew s , w hohad s tu d i ed thepropheti c al w ri ti n g s w i thg reatatten ti on , pu b l i s hed as m al l v ol u m e,
u
en ti tl ed , ' I s rael R ed u x , ortheR es torati on of I s rael
.' H ec al c u l ates theev en tf rom theP ro-
phec i es of D an i el an d of S t .J ohn , an d c om m en c es theg reatperi od of 1 2 60 y ears , n otf rom
~ A .D .60 8 , b u tf rom A .D .4 76, w hi c hb ri n g s i tto1 73 6
." H ethen ad d s , " A f tertheg reat
~ ~ c on f l i c ts w i ththepapal pow ers i n theWes t, w i l l b eg i n thes ti rs an d c om m oti on s ab ou tthe
G J ew s an d I s rael i n theE as t.I f then to1 73 6w ead d 3 0 m ore, they reac hto1 766 : b u tthe
' Vi d eM ed e' s Works , 79 2 ; R ev .x i i i .1 7, 1 8 .

1 1 Chri s t. R es .E d .1 8 1 9 , p.2 4 5 .
676

Cru s ad es
" ti m es
of perpl ex i ty ared eterm i n ed ( b y D an i el ) tol as t4 5y ears l on g er . I f then w ec on j oi n
" thos e4 5y ears m oreto1 766, i tprod u c es 1 8 1 1 , f orthos eti m es of happi n es s toI s rael ." t I d o
n otu n d ers tan d thi s , b u ti ti s ev i d en tf rom w hatD r
.Bu c han an s ay s , thatthen u m b er60 8 w as the
en d of on eof theperi od s tow hi c hthem y s ti c s , i n thei rex pos i ti on of D an i el , had c om e . Bu thow
they had arri v ed atthi s I c an n otf i n d ou t
.
I hav en otb een ab l etog ettheb ook . I b eg toref er
m y read ertothethi rd v ol u m eof M on s
.D u pu i s ' w orkon al l rel i g i on s - to thees s ay on theA po-
c al y ps e, w herehew i l l f i n d ag reatn u m b erof m os ti n teres ti n g ob s erv ati on s , an d w herehew i l l
al s of i n d thed oc tri n es of D an i el , E zeki el , an d J ohn , prov ed tob ei d en ti c al , an d al l tob ed raw n
f rom thes c hool of theori en tal M ag i .I am c on v i n c ed that, b y thetheory w hi c hI hav es u g g es ted ,
i f then u m b ers i n thes eb ooks b ef reef rom c orru pti on , I hav eex pl ai n ed them ean i n g of them al l
b u ton e ; an d w i thres pec ttoi t, w em u s tn otf org etthev ari ou s read i n g s hew n i n then u m b ers
2 3 0 0 an d 2 4 0 0 ; an d i f thereb e on e c orru pti on i n thev ers i on s , af ac ti n d i s pu tab l e, i ti s n oti m -
prob ab l ethatthi s m ay b ean other .
A d eepref l ec ti on on theori g i n of n ati on s an d rel i g i on s has i n d u c ed m etoc om etoac on c l u s i on ,
thatal l rel i g i on s hav eb een thec hi l d ren of c i rc u m s tan c es , an d thos ec i rc u m s tan c es ari s i n g al m os t
en ti rel y ou tof j u d i c i al as trol og y . T hef i rs tob j ec t, i n al l prophec y , w as tof oretel l af u tu re
S av i ou r, orthec om m en c em en tof af u tu rec y c l e, w hen an ew ory ou n g S av i ou rw as tob ri n g an
ag eof happi n es s . Of c ou rs etheas trol og ers w ou l d hav en o d i f f i c u l ty i n n earl y f i x i n g theti m e,
an d f rom thi s ari s es thed eg reeof pl au s i b i l i ty w hi c hw ef i n d thean c i en tprophec i es topos s es s .
T oac ertai n d eg reethey f i tted toev ery c y c l e. H en c ehas ari s en thes pec i ou s c on tri v an c eof a
d ou b l em ean i n g ; f ortheprophec y w hi c hw ou l d appl y toCy ru s , w ou l d equ al l y appl y toJ es u s .
T hes ec tari es of rel i g i on , i n eac hc y c l e, c l ai m ed thev eri f i c ati on of theprophec y as thec y c l ec am e
rou n d , an d thes ec tari es of eac hs ec tof thec y c l arrel i g i on al s oc l ai m ed i t, thati s , therew ere
s ev eral ei g hth an d s ev eral n i n th
av atars
. T hes ew ereA n ti c hri s ts toeac hother . From thi s , al on g
w i ththeb el i ef thatthepl an ets ru l ed theaf f ai rs of m en , aros em ag i c oras trol og y i n i ts b ad s en s e,
an d f orthes ereas on s w ef i n d prophets patron i s ed b y theJ ew i s hl aw , an d as trol og y prohi b i ted .
9 .Wen ow c om etothef am ou s Cru s ad es , thereal ori g i n orc au s eof w hi c h, i n m od ern ti m es ,
has n ev erb een u n d ers tood . T hey w i l l b ef ou n d tooc c u py aprom i n en tpl ac ei n thec om pl ete
d ev el opm en tof m y s y s tem , an d parti c u l arl y of theten thA v atar, an d w i l l l ead toav ari ety of m at-
ters w hi c hw i l l g reatl y s u rpri s em y read er .
I n theti m eof R i c hard theFi rs t, ab ou tA .D .1 1 8 9 , ag en eral b el i ef prev ai l ed thattheen d of the
w orl d d rew n ear, ab el i ef w hi c h, i n ag reatm eas u re, c au s ed thec ru s ad es toP al es ti n e, w here
thed ev otees ex pec ted theS av i ou rtoappear
.T hi s i s attes ted b y S t .Bern ard , of Cl ai rv au x , an d
w as f oretol d b y J oac hi m , A b b otof Cu rac i oi n Cal ab ri a,
2
am os tren ow n ed i n terpreterof prophec y
i n thos ed ay s . A n ti c hri s tw as toappearat A NT I OCH , an d thec ru s ad e w as theg atheri n g tog ether
of theki n g s of theearthtotheb attl eof theg reatd ay of God A l m i g hty . 3 I ts eem s f rom theac -
c ou n ts thatthepos s es s i on of A n ti oc hw as m ad eag reatpoi n t, al m os tas m u c hs o, i n d eed , as that
of J eru s al em . I tw as am on g thef i rs tc i ti es taken b y thec ru s ad ers .
Vari ou s reas on s hav eb een g i v en toac c ou n tf orthec ru s ad es , b u tthes ew erethetru eon es .I n
M os hei m , ad etai l of thereas on s g en eral l y as s i g n ed m ay b es een , b u tthey aread m i tted b y hi m to
b ei n s u f f i c i en ttoac c ou n tf orthes ew ars
.I n d eed , ev ery c au s ei s as s i g n ed b u tthetru eon e, 4 w hi c h
s eem s n ev ertohav eb een s u s pec ted b y M os hei m orhi s tran s l ator . I thi n ktherew i l l b en od ou b t
i n f u tu reu pon thi s s u b j ec t .
'
I s rael R ed u x , p
.1 2 2 , pri n ted i n Corn hi l l , L oad .1 677 .
s
R og erH ov ed en , ap .S c ri pt
.pos tBed am , p .68 1 .
3
R ev .x v i .1 2 , 1 4 ; Ni i n rod , Vol .I I I .p .3 9 3 .

1 Cen t
.x i .P arti .pp .4 4 6, & c .
BookX.ChapterV
.S ec ti on 9

677
I n Baron i u s t
m ay b es een an ac c ou n tthatb othS ai n tBern ard an d an em i n en tm an c al l ed Nor-
b ert, preac hed thes peed y en d of thew orl d .
T hec el eb rated R og erBac on w as b orn i n they ear1 2 1 6, an d d i ed , ag ed 78 , i n they ear1 2 9 4 .
H ew as am os tex traord i n ary m an f ortheti m ehel i v ed
. I hav en od ou b tthathew as c on v ers an t
w i thal l thes ec retkn ow l ed g eof thean c i en ts , w hi c hrem ai n ed i n hi s d ay
.
Gu n pow d er, tel es c opes ,
theartof pers pec ti v e, an d m an y otherb ran c hes of phi l os ophy an d s c i en c es u ppos ed tob ethen
u n kn ow n , hew as w el l ac qu ai n ted w i th . I hav el i ttl ed ou b tthatheperf ec tl y u n d ers tood thepro-
phec i es of D an i el an d theR ev el ati on ; b u t, i n c on s equ en c eof them i l l en i u m n otc om i n g atthe
ti m epred i c ted an d c al c u l ated on , hew as i n d u c ed tob el i ev e, l i kem os tothers of hi s ti m e, thathe
w as m i s taken
.
T hel earn ed Ni m rod af f ord s hi m n oqu arter, b u tthef ol l ow i n g ac c ou n tw hi c hb e
g i v es i s en ou g hf orm y pu rpos e
.
H es ay s ,
When R og erBac on tel l s u s , 2 thaton e
A rti f i c i u s
w as then l i v i n g , w hohad al read y b een kept
al i v e1 2 50 y ears b y the oc c u l tpow ers of n atu re, an d w hohad s een T an tal u s on hi s g ol d en thron e,

an d rec ei v ed hom ag ef rom hi m , i ti s on l y an otherw ay f orthat

m an tos ay thatA n ti c hri s tw as
" ab ou ttoretu rn i n ten y ears f rom thatti m e
. Cred i tu r, hes ay s , ab om n i b u s s api en ti b u s 3 qu od
" n on s u m u s m u l tu m rem oti atem pori b u s A n ti c hri s ts ;
an d i n an otherpl ac ehes ay s , thatthe
ti m eof A n ti c hri s tm i g ht 4 b ef i x ed w i thc ertai n ty b y c om pari n g s c ri ptu rew i ththeprophec i es of
' ~ S i b y l l a, of M erl i n , 5 an d of J oac hi m , of Cal ab ri a, w i thhi s tory , w i ththeb ooks of phi l os ophy , an d

thec ou rs es of thes tars ."

6
I f w ekn ew w hen theob s erv ati on res pec ti n g the1 2 50 y ears w as w ri tten , w em i g htpretty n earl y
tel l on w haty earhes u ppos ed thec al c u l ati on s m ad eou tthem i l l en i u m as ab ou ttohappen . By
A rti f rc i u s
heprob ab l y m ean s thel oan n es w how as tow ai tti l l J es u s retu rn ed , an d w ho, f rom
hav i n g s een T an tal u s on hi s thron e, w as ev i d en tl y aren ew ed i n c arn ati on , orperhaps hem ean t
S al hi v ahan athe c arpen ter or arti f i c er, ori tm ay b ea M A S ON.
T hepers on s w how erei n i ti ated i n totheE s oteri c rel i g i on of theVati c an , af terb ei n g d i s ap-
poi n ted i n they earof Chri s t60 0 , i m ag i n ed , thatthef am ou s 60 0 0 y ears w ou l d en d atorab ou tthe
y ear1 2 0 0 of Chri s t, w hen them i l l en i u m w ou l d c om m en c e, an d i tw as thi s w hi c hc au s ed the
c ru s ad eag ai n s ttheM oham ed an A n ti c hri s t, w hohad ari s en ag ai n s tthen ew , theten th, an d the
l as tM es s i ahorA v atar, patron i s ed b y theP opeof R om e, w hom
I s hal l d raw f rom hi s ob s c u ri ty .
I f then i n thag eb eg an w i thChri s t, then theten thw ou l d b eg i n w i ththey ear60 0 , an d f i n i s hw i th
they ear1 2 0 0
; an d then w ou l d b ethem an i f es tati on of theL ord atJ eru s al em ,
w hi c hthed ev o-
tees w i s hed topreparef orhi s rec epti on .
T hes ec i rc u m s tan c es prem i s ed , w en ow , atl as t, c om etothe ten th A v atar, an d thef ac ts re-
s pec ti n g i taren otl es s rem arkab l ethan theothers
.
M y read erw i l l rec ol l ec tthat, i n theGos pel
of them y s teri ou s I oan n es , J es u s , theA v atarof the S i b i l l y n eorac l es , i s m ad etod ec l arethathe
w ou l d s en d an otherpers on toc om pl etehi s m i s s i on , c al l ed i n ou rtran s l ati on
ac om f orter, an d al s o
thes pi ri tof tru th . T hew ord s s pi ri tof tru th w ou l d w el l j u s ti f y theex pec tati on , thatthi s pers on
w ou l d b ean i n c arn ati on of D i v i n eWi s d om i f heappeared i n hu m an f orm .
I n c on s equ en c e, w e
1 A n
.1 1 0 6, T om . XI I .p
.51 .

s
E pi s tol ad em i rab i l i P otes tateA rti s etNatu re, Cap . v i i . p
.50 .

Opu s M aj u s , p.2 54 .
I b i d . 1 69 . Notohi c pron ereos m eu m i n
c ael u m , s ed s c i oqu od s i ec c l es i av el l etrev ol v eretex tu m s ac ru m et
propheti as s ac ras , atqu epropheti as S i b y l l e, etM erl i n i , etA qu i l e, et S es ton i s , J oac hi m etm u l toru m al i oru m , i n s u per
hi s tori as etl i b ros phi l os ophoru m , atqu ej u b eretc on s i d erari v i as as tron om i m , i n v en i retu rs u f f i c i en s s u s pi c i o
v el m ag i s
c erti tu d od etem poreA n ti c hri s ti . P
.1 69 , E d .Bow y er, 1 73 3 , L on d

I ts eem s ou r Bri ti s hM erl i n w as i n thes ec ret . 6

Ni m rod , Vol .I I
.P
.1 78 .
678
M oham ed
an d thatv ari ou s teac hers of d oc tri n es w ereb el i ev ed , b y thei rf ol l ow ers , tob ethi s pers on . For
i n s tan c e, S i m on M ag u s , M on tan u s , M arc i on , M an es , w ereal l s oc on s i d ered , an d i n c on s equ en c e
hav eb een g ri ev ou s l y ab u s ed b y theR om i s hw ri ters f ortheu n paral l el ed w i c ked n es s of g i v i n g
them s el v es ou tas b ei n g the H ol y Ghos t- thes ew ri ters n ev erattem pti n g , perhaps n otb ei n g ab l e,
toex pl ai n then atu reof thec as e . T hem os trem arkab l eof thes eT eac hers w as thepers on c al l ed
S i m on M ag u s , c al l ed b y theR om i s ts M ag u s , prob ab l y as aterm of reproac h .
From thei m m en s em as s of l i es an d n on s en s ew hi c hhav eb een w ri tten res pec ti n g hi m , I thi n k
w em ay s el ec ten ou g htos kew theprob ab i l i ty of hi s f ol l ow ers hav i n g b el i ev ed hi m tob etheper-
s on f oretol d b y J es u s
; an d theH el en eorS el en e, b y w hom hew as s ai d tob eac c om pan i ed , an d
w i thw hom hew as en am ou red , w as w hatM on s
.Beau s ob re t c al l s L a S ag es s e,
g en d ratri x d etou tes
c hos es . 2
A f terS i m on M ag u s , M on tan u s w as hel d tob ethepers on prom i s ed ; an d , af terhi m ,
M an i
: an d thi s b ri n g s u s to a ten th an d l as t A v atar, thec el eb rated prophetof A rab i a- M o-
ham ed
.
1 0 .M r .Fab er,
3 w hoi s them os ts en s i b l eof al l them y s ti c s , m akes on ev ery s tri ki n g ob s erv ati on ,
w hi c hI s hal l g i v ei n hi s ow n w ord s : ' Now i ti s an u n d ou b ted hi s tori c al f ac t,
w hatev erappl i c a-
G ti on w em ay m akeof thef ac ti ts el f , thati n they ear60 8 or60 9 , M oham ed , d ex terou s l y av ai l i n g
~ ~ hi m s el f of theu n s c ri ptu ral d em on ol atry w hi c hhad i n f es ted theChri s ti an c hu rc h, s eton f ootan
~ ~ i m pos tu re, w hi c hs oon ov ers pread thew hol eM ac ed on i an em pi re, an d w hi c hperf orm ed
thev ery
L Q ac ti on s
thatareas c ri b ed tothes ec on d pred i c ted pow er, b othi n
the s am e g eog raphi c al
reg i on an d
0
d u ri n g thes am ec hron ol og i c al peri od ."
T hi s f orm s , tom y m i n d , thef i n es tex am pl eev er
kn ow n of aprophec y c au s i n g i ts ow n v eri f i c ati on orc om pl eti on .
I n theGos pel s , Chri s ti s m ad e
toprophes y thaton es hou l d c om eaf terhi m toc om pl etehi s m i s s i on .
T hi s w as n othi n g b u tthe
repeti ti on of al l theGen ti l eprophec i es of a
ten th an d l as t A v atar
.M oham ed w as b el i ev ed b y hi s
f ol l ow ers tob ethi s pers on , w hos en am ethey s ai d , i n theori g i n al , u n c orru pted g os pel , w as g i v en
b y J es u s , as thatof Cy ru s w as b y I s ai ah . I am qu i tec ertai n thatthec on tex tan d thec on c om i -
tan tc i rc u m s tan c es ares u c has toi n d u c ean y u n prej u d i c ed pers on tothi n k, thattheas s erti on of
theM oham ed an s res pec ti n g thi s prophec y i s tru e .
I n thec on tex t, apers on w how as toc om e, i s
repeated l y ref erred to .
T hen w hatw as thef ac t ? J es u s Chri s tw as b el i ev ed , b y thef ol l ow ers of M oham ed , tob ea
d i v i n ei n c arn ati on , orapers on d i v i n el y i n s pi red , an d tohav ef oretol d then ex tan d thel as tA v atar,
M oham ed ,
toc om pl etethe ten
peri od s , an d thes i x m i l l en ari es , prev i ou s totheg ran d M i l l en i u m ,
L i v .v i i . Ch . v i .p .51 1 .
s I
l earn f rom Beau s ob re, thati tappears , f rom apas s ag eof P l atoan d an otherof S ex tu s E m py ri c u s , that, ac c ord i n g
toan c i en tau thors , thew arb etw een theGreeks an d T roj an s w as ab ou tas tatu eof S el en eortheM oon ,
( I s u ppos ethe
P al l ad i u m ori m ag eof M i n erv a, w hi c hprob ab l y w as b el i ev ed tohav ec om ef rom heav en , ) an d thatS i m on m ai n tai n ed ,
i tw as f orthel ov eof theS el en aorH el en a, theM oon , thattheGreeks an d T roj an s had g on etow ar, an d thatthe
H el en ehehad w i thhi m w as theT roj an H el en
.I n al l thi s I thi n ki teas y tos eethem i s takec on s tan tl y m ad e, as
I hav e
n oti c ed , b etw een theM oon an d theM ai aorM ag n aM ater, thef em al eg en erati v epri n c i pl e
.I tappears thattheQu een ,
theM other, of al l thi n g s , theD i v i n eWi s d om ( L aS ag es s e)
w hi c hprod u c ed al l thi n g s , w as equ al l y c al l ed L u n a, S el en a,
an d H el en a
.( Beau s ob re, i b .)
By thean c i en tE g y pti an m y s ti c s , Os i ri s w as them al eg en erati v epri n c i pl e- I s i s thef em al e, hi s w i f e
.I n j u d i c i al
as trol og y orm ag i c , theS u n w as s ac red toOs i ri s , theM oon to
I s i s ; thu s i tw as thatthem i s takec on ti n u al l y aros e, an d
theem b l em s an d n am es of thef em al eg en erati v epri n c i pl ew ereattri b u ted totheM oon
.T hi s perhaps m i g htn otb e
f rom m erem i s take, b u tf rom as pi ri tof m y s ti c i s m
.T hu s , on the1 7thof them on th, theS u n orOs i ri s
i s
s ai d toen ter
i n totheM oon an d i m preg n ateher . Bu t
thi s n oti on res pec ti n g theM oon w as n ottheori g i n al d oc tri n e, b u tac orru p-
ti on of i t, f ortheM oon w as of ten m as c u l i n e .
3
S ac red Cal .of P rop.
Vol
.I .p .73 .
BookX.ChapterV .S ec ti on 1 0

679
ortherei g n of the Xprl c og ,
orChri s t, on earth, f orthel as tan d s ev en thperi od , of on ethou s an d
y ears .
I ren aeu s an d thef i rs tChri s ti an f athers s ai d , that, d u ri n g thi s peri od , the l i on w as
tol i e
d ow n w i ththe l am b , an d theg rapes w eretoc ry ou ttothef ai thf u l
to
c om ean d eatthem !
I thi n k, i n theex pres s i on al l u d ed toi n theK oran , ' i f I m i s taken ot, therei s aproof that m y
d oc tri n eof theren ew al of thec y c l ew as hel d b y M oham ed , orw as thou g httob eappl i c ab l eto
hi m ;
an d i ts eem s thatthew ri terof thatb ookhel d u pM oham ed as an ew i n c arn ati on
.D i v i n e
L ov e, c om i n g i n theten ths aec u l u m , as f oretol d b y theS i b y l s , b y J es u s , an d al s ob y theP rophet
H ag g ai , ( i i . 7, )
" A n d thed es i reof al l n ati on s s hal l c om e : " L mi n H M D , From thi s root, " ( s ay s
P arkhu rs t, ) "
thepreten d ed prophetM oham m ed , orM ahom et, had hi s n am e ." 2 H ereM oham ed i s
ex pres s l y f oretol d b y H ag g ai , an d b y n am e
; therei s n oi n terpol ati on here
.T herei s n oev ad i n g
thi s c l eartex tan d i ts m ean i n g , as i tappeared tothem i n d of them os tu n w i l l i n g of w i tn es s es ,
P arkhu rs t, an d ac om peten tj u d g etoow hen hehappen ed n ottob ew arped b y prej u d i c e .H ed oes
n ots u ppres s hi s opi n i on here, as hed i d i n thec as eof the Wi s d om of theJ eru s al em T arg u m , b e-
c au s ehehad n oob j ec ttos erv e ;
hed i d n ots eetow hatthi s tru thw ou l d l ead .I b eg toref erto
w hatI hav es ai d i n thel as ts ec ti on ;
therem y read erw i l l s eethattheen d of theten thc y c l ew as
f oretol d b y Chri s ti an as trol og ers , w hi c hc au s ed thef an ati c al c ru s ad ers , al m os tb y m i l l i on s , to
f l oc ktoJ eru s al em ab ou tthey ear1 2 0 0 , theen d of M oham ed ' s c y c l e .T heob s erv ati on of M r
.
Fab er, thatM oham ed ' s m i s s i on b eg an atthey ear60 8 , i s i m portan t .T hi s i s thev ery peri od
w hen theten thA v atarou g httoc om m en c e, ac c ord i n g toon eof m y tw oNeros ' s y s tem s .I f thi s
b eac c i d en t, i ti s s u rel y av ery ex traord i n ary ac c i d en t, that, am on g al l then u m b ers , thei d en ti c al
n u m b erof theg reatNeros s hou l d b ef al l en on ; an d thatn u m b erthev ery n u m b errequ i red to
s u pportm y s y s tem - n ay , toprov ethetru thof i t, i f thes y s tem b etru e .
T heex pres s i on w hi c htheM oham ed an s s ay has b een ex pu n g ed f rom theR om i s hGos pel s , i s as
f ol l ow s : "
A n d w hen J es u s , thes on of M ary , s ai d , 0 c hi l d ren of I s rael , v eri l y I am theapos tl e
CQ
of God s en tu n toy ou , c on f i rm i n g thel aw w hi c hw as d el i v ered b ef orem e, an d b ri n g i n g g ood
' ~ ti d i n g s of an apos tl ew hos hal l c om eaf term e, an d w hos en am es hal l b e A H M E D ." Chap .l x i .
T hi s i s c orrec tl y as f oretol d b y H ag g ai .
On thi s S al e s ay s , " Whos en am es hal l b eA hm ed
.ForM oham m ed al s ob orethen am eof
A hm ed
: b othn am es b ei n g d eri v ed f rom thes am eroot, an d n earl y of thes am es i g n i f i c ati on
.
' ~ T heP ers i an paraphras t, tos u pportw hati s hereal l eg ed , qu otes thef ol l ow i n g w ord s of Chri s t
~ ~ I g otom y Father, an d theP arac l etes hal l c om e
: 3 theM oham ed an d oc tors u n an i m ou s l y
~ ~ teac hi n g , thatb y theP arac l ete( or, as they c hoos etoread i t, theP eri c l y teorI l l u s tri ou s ) , thei r
" propheti s i n ten d ed , an d n oother ." 4
M r.S al e, i n pag e9 8 of hi s P rel i m i n ary D i s c ou i s e,
d i s ti n c tl y ad m i ts , thatP eri c l y te, i n A rab i c , m ean s
i l l u s tri ou s ,
them ean i n g of then am eof
M oham ed .
Bi s hopM ars hhas ob s erv ed thatthi s w ord P arac l etem u s thav eb een theS y ri ac orA rab i c 5
w ord topS p- D
prg l i t tran s l ated i n toGreek .
I apprehen d thew hol earg u m en tb etw een the
M oham ed an s an d Chri s ti an s w i l l tu rn u pon thequ es ti on , w hetherthew ord i 0
' 5p 1 D
prg l i t ou g ht
tob e, w hen tran s l ated i n toGreek, ren d ered b y thew ord T apax 6
roc or 7repi x av rog .
Now ' I
m ai n tai n , thati f Bi s hopM ars hs ay s thew ord
prg l i t w as thew ord u s ed b y J es u s , an d thati t
m ean s i l l u s tri ou s ,
i ti s ag ros s m i s tran s l ati on toren d eri tb y 7rapax ? 7J rog , w hi c hm ean s
c om -
f orter.
T hepas s ag es i n J ohn , c h .x i v .1 6, 2 6, x v .2 6, x v i
.7, an d i n L u kex x i v .4 9 , arethos ew hi c hw e
Vi d eS al e' s pref ac e, p .9 8 .

s
S eeP arkhu rs ti n v oc e, - i n n hm d .

'
J ohn x v i .7, & c .
* K oran , Vol .I I .p
.4 2 3 , n ote .

M ars h' s M i c hael i s , Chap .i v .S ec t .x i v .

68 0 M oham ed
tran s l ate f rom theGreek7roepax M v rog
c om f orter, an d w hi c htheM oham ed an s s ay ou g httob e
aepi x % u rog i l l u s tri ou s .
T hi s Com f orteri s s ai d b y Chri s ti an s tohav ec om e,
as d es c ri b ed i n the
b ookc al l ed theA c ts of theA pos tl es , on thed ay of P en tec os t, i n aton g u eof f i res ettl i n g on
eac hapos tl e .
T heM oham ed an s s ay thi s i s ri d i c u l ou s as thes en d i n g of aCom f orter ; an d i t
c ou l d n othav eb een n ec es s ary toen ab l ethem tow ork m i rac l es , b ec au s e, i f theGos pel hi s tori es
c an b eb el i ev ed , J es u s had g i v en them thi s pow erb ef ore, as appears f rom thef i rs tv ers eof the
ten thc hapterof M atthew
; an d thatw i thres pec ttothem ereen d ow m en tw i ththeH ol y Ghos t,
i tc ou l d b eas l i ttl en eed f u l , s i n c ei tappears
f rom thetw en ty - s ec on d v ers eof thetw en ti eth
c hapterof J ohn , thathehad en d ow ed them w i ththi s g i f tpri ortohi s as c en s i on , n ottw om on ths
b ef ore.
T heM oham ed an s f u rtheral l eg e, thattheb ookof the
A c ts n ow heres ay s thatthes ef i ery
ton g u es w eretheprom i s ed Com f orter, w hi c hi tw ou l d hav ed on ei f they had b een s o ; an d f u rther,
thattheob j ec tof them i rac l eof theton g u es of f i rei s ev i d en t,
an d ad m i ts of n od i s pu te, n am el y ,
theen d ow m en tof theapos tl es , as thetex tc l earl y ex pres s es , w i ththepow erof s peaki n g al l
l an g u ag es .'
Bes i d es , theM ob am ed an s m ay f ai rl y as k, how c am eJ es u s n ottos ay hew ou l d
s en d them the
n i
tri p qd s - ru h,
the` A y i ov I I v eu ot orS an c tu s S pi ri tu s ? I f hehad theg i f tof
pres c i en c ehem u s thav ekn ow n thathi s equ i v oc al ex pres s i on w ou l d c au s e i n f i n i tem i s c hi ef i n the
w orl d .
I n repl y tothed em an d of Chri s ti an s , Why d i d n otM oham ed perf orm am i rac l e ? thean s w er
has b een , T hev i c tory of theCres c en tov ertheCros s i s them i rac l e . I f thec au s eb eof God ,
i tw i l l s u c c eed w i thou totherm i rac l e . Bu ton thev i c tory of theR u s s i an Cros s ov ertheCres c en t,
i tw i l l s hortl y f al l
.
T heM oham ed an s , i n thed ef en c eof thei rd oc tri n eof thew i l f u l c orru pti on of the
m an u s c ri pts of
theGos pel hi s tori es , c al l u pon theChri s ti an s toprod u c etheau tog raphs , orv ery ol d m an u s c ri pts .
Bu tton ei therof thes ec al l s c an as ati s f ac tory an s w erb eg i v en . T herearen oau tog raphs an d n o
m an u s c ri pts ol d erthan thes i x thc en tu ry
.
T heM oham ed an s s ay , y ou rc hu rc hes i n R om e, b ei n g
R om an tem pl es , arem an y of them m u c hol d erthan thi s peri od , w heretheM S S . m i g hthav eb een
pres erv ed , al on g w i ththerel i c s w hi c hab ou n d of P eter, P au l , an d others ai n ts , i f y ou had thou g ht
proper
. Bu ts om eChri s ti an s s ay , thes erel i c s aref org eri es ; tow hi c htheM oham ed an repl i es ,
thatthi s i s am eres u b terf u g etoev ad ehi s u n an s w erab l earg u m en t
.
A n d thi s i s f ai ri n them ou th
of aM oham ed an , w hoc an n otb eex pec ted tom aked i s ti n c ti on s b etw een theP rotes tan t an d P api s t
s ec ts of Chri s ti an s . Bu ti n d epen d en tl y of thi s arg u m en tu m ad hom i n em , therec an b eas s i g n ed
n og ood reas on w hy them an u s c ri pts w eren otpres erv ed i n theol d c hu rc hes .
T heGoths an d
otherc on qu erors of R om ei n ten ti on al l y d es troy ed n ei therthetem pl es , c hu rc hes , n orb ooks .T he
tem pl es arethere, y etex i s ti n g as c hu rc hes
.
T hec hu rc hi n w hi c hared epos i ted them os ts ac red
thi n g s of therel i g i on , theb od i es of P eteran d P au l , w as n ev erd es troy ed .
Bu tthou g htheChri s ti an s c an n otprod u c etheau tog raphs orv ery ol d m an u s c ri pts , they s ay ,
thatthequ otati on s of c ertai n v ery ol d au thors , c al l ed Fathers , w i l l prov ethatthew ord w as
w ri tten P arac l etos an d n otP eri c l y tos , l on g b ef ore
theti m eof M oham ed , an d theref orethatthey
c an n othav eb een c orru pted i n ord ertooppos etheM oham ed an s . T othi s i ti s repl i ed , thatthe
w ord w as n otc orru pted toc ou n terac ttheM oham ed an P arac l ete, b u ttheP arac l eteg en eral l y - the
v ari ou s P arac l etes , as they c al l ed them s el v es , l on g b ef oretheti m eof M oham ed - S i m on M ag u s ,
M an es , M on tan u s , an d M arc i on , w how ereal l s etu pas parac l etes b y thei r f ol l ow ers , an d w ho
' I n al l u s i on tothei d eaof f i rean d l an g u ag eb ei n g c on n ec ted i n s om ew ay orother, w ehav e theprov erb , thef i re
ki n d l ed an d hes pake .
BookX .ChapterV . S ec ti on
1 0

68 1
w ou l d al l hav eb een c al l ed the
i l l u s tri ou s prophets i f thei rheres i es had prev ai l ed i n s tead of d y i n g
aw ay
; an d , thati ti s thepec u l i arob j ec t of the c orru pti on tob ol s teru ptheT ri n i ty , i n oppos i ti on
totheU n i tari an d oc tri n e, b y m aki n g the pes ron tob es en t, i n tothe H ol y Ghos t . I
Bi s hopM ars h, M i c hael i s , an d d i v ers otherl earn ed m en , hav eal l eg ed , w i thm u c hpl au s i b i l i ty , the
d i f f i c u l ty an d al m os ti m pos s i b i l i ty
of
c orru pti n g theg os pel s af terthef i rs tf ew c en tu ri es .Bu tthe
f ol l ow i n g pas s ag es f rom thepen s of u n w i l l i n g w i tn es s es tothe FA CT S of w hi c hthey i n f orm u s , w i l l
s hew how l i ttl ed epen d en c ec an b epl ac ed on thi s ki n d of s pec i ou s reas on i n g
.
I n theel ev en than d tw el f thc en tu ri es , theBi b l es w erec orrec ted b y L an f ran c , A rc hb i s hopof
Can terb u ry , an d b y Ni c ol as , Card i n al an d L i b rari an
of theR om i s hChu rc h, s ec u n d u m orthod ox am
f i d em .
z
T hel earn ed Beau s ob rehas thef ol l ow i n g pas s ag e : 1 1 1 1 s epeu tf ai re, d i tM .S i m on , a
" qu ec ettehi s toi reai tetkpri s ed equ el qu ean c i en l i v reA poc ry phe, ou el l eetoi tc om m u n ed an s
"
l es prem i ers s i ec l es d u Chri s ti an i s m e, etpeu t- etrec roy oi t- on , qu ' el l ev en oi td es A potres , ou d e
" l eu rs d i s c i pl es . C' es tpou rqu oi c eu x qu i an tos d retou c heren tan td ' en d roi ts l es prem i ers ex -
"
em pl ai res d u Nou v eau T es tam en t, d an s l as eu l ev u ed el eren d rei n tel l i g i b l e a tou tl em on d e,

n ' au ron tf ai tau c u n ed i f f i c u l ted ' y aj ou terc es s ortes d ' hi s toi res , qu ' i l s c roy oi en tetrev d ri tab l es .
" J em ets au b as d el apag el ej u g em en td ' u n au tres av an tm od ern e, m ec on tes tan td erem arqu er,
" qu es i l es H ereti qu es 6ten tu n m otd u tex teS ac re, ou s ' i l s en aj ou ten tu n , c es on td e
s ac ri - l eg es
v i ol ateu rs d el as ai n teted es d c ri tu res .M ai s , s i l es Cathol i qu es l ef on t, c el as ' appel l e R E -

T OU CH E R l es prem i ers ex em pl ai res , l es

ref orm erpou rl es ren d repl u s i n tel l i g i b l es
.M . S i m on f ai t
` ` l ' hon n eu rau x Ben ed i c ti n s d ' av oi rref orm ed em em e
l es ou v rag es d es P eres ,
af i n d el es ac c om -
m od er a l af oi d eI ' eg l i s e . M etton s l epas s ag ed eM
.S i m on , D i s s ert.p .51
.Nou s l i s on s d an s
"
l av i ed eL an f ran c , M oi n eBen ed i c ti n , eten s u i teA rc hev equ ed eCan torb 6ri , qu i aetepu b l i ee
" parl es Ben ed i c ti n s d el ac on g reg ati on d e S t.M au r, av ec l es ou v rag es d ec etarc hev Cqu e,
" qu ' ay an ttrou v e l es l i eres d el ' ec ri tu reb eau c ou p c orru m pu s parc eu x qu i l es av oi en tc opi ez, i t

s ' & oi tappl i qu e a l ea COR R I GE R , A U S S I - BI E NQU E L E S L I VR E S D E S S A I NT S P E R E S S E L ON L A FOE

" OR T H OD OXE - S E CU ND U M FI D E M OR T H OD OXA M ." 4
I ti s i m pos s i b l etod en y thattheBen ed i c tri n eM on ks
of
S t .M au r, as f aras theL ati n an d Greek
l an g u ag es w en t, w ereav ery l earn ed an d tal en ted , as w el l as n u m erou s b od y of m en .I n Cl el an d ' s
l i f eof L an f ran c , A rc hb i s hop of
Can terb u ry , i s thef ol l ow i n g pas s ag e : " L an f ran c , aBen ed i c ti n e
I S oon af term y A pol og y f ortheL i f eof M oham ed c am eou t, m y f orm erf ri en d , M r
.Bev erl ey , pu b l i s hed an an s w er
toi t, partof w hi c h( as b etol d m ehi m s el f w hen w ri ti n g i t) w as w ri tten i n m y b reakf as troom
.I w i l l
n otd en y thati t
c au s ed m es om eu n eas i n es s , f orI f el tthatm y f ri en d had n otw ri tten of m e, as I s hou l d hav ew ri tten of hi m
.I n hi s
w hol earg u m en ttheP ros opopeei a, w hi c hI u s ei n m y arg u m en t, i s pu tou tof s i g ht, an d hetreats m eas g i v i n g m y ow n
opi n i on , i n s tead of g i v i n g thearg u m en ts of theM oham ed an s
.I requ es ted hi m , at m y
ex pen s e, toad d as hortappen -
d i x , as al etterf rom m e, totherem ai n d erof hi s w orkw hi c hw as n ots ol d , an d tog i v ei ttothos eof hi s f ri en d s tow hom
l i ehad g i v en hi s b ook, b u tthi s hed ec l i n ed .I c on s i d ered hi s c on d u c ttoproc eed f rom al i ttl eCal v i n i s ti c zeal w hi c h
had g ottheb etterof hi s ki n d f eel i n g s , an d w hi c hI l am en ted , b u tI tookc arethatm y f eel i n g s hou l d n otc au s e, n ord i d
i tc au s e, an y s u s pen s i on of thei n terc ou rs eb etw een u s
.Bu ts i n c ehehas an n ou n c ed hi m s el f tothew orl d as aCal v i n i s -
ti c preac her, hehas s en thom etheb ooks w hi c hhehad of m i n e, has n otan s w ered m y l as tl etter, an d has d ropped m y
ac qu ai n tan c e
.S om eti m eaf terM r
.Bev erl ey ' s b ookw as pri n ted , I open ed
a v ol u m ei n
m y b ooks el l er' s s hop, an d , on
read i n g thef i rs ts en ten c em y ey em et, I f ou n d i tw as an an s w ertom y M oham ed , b y al earn ed f ri en d , w hohad n ots en t
m eac opy . From thes en ten c ew hi c hI read , I i n s tan tl y perc ei v ed thathehad taken thes am el i n eof arg u m en tw i th
M r
.Bev erl ey , hav i n g ov erl ooked theP ros opopaei a, an d that, b ec au s eI hon es tl y g av ethearg u m en ts of theM oham e-
d an s , hec on c l u d ed I ad opted them f orm y ow n
.I b ou g httheb ook, b u tI read n om oreof i t
.I had b ef ored eter-
m i n ed toread n om oreof thean s w ers of m y f ri en d s , an d I ad heretothes am ed eterm i n ati on .P ol em i c al c on trov ers y ,
w i thaf ri en d , i s n ottom y tas te .
f
Wets tei n , P rol og om . pp.8 4 , 8 5 ; Gi b b on , Chap . x x x v i i .N.1 1 8 ,

3
A p . S i m
.D i s s ert .p .2 0 .
4
Beau s ob re, H i s t .M an i c h
.L i v . i i . Ch .i .p . 3 4 3 .
68 2

M oham ed
"
M on k, A rc hb i s hopof Can terb u ry , hav i n g f ou n d theS c ri ptu res m u c hc orru pted b y c opy i s ts , ap-
pl i ed hi m s el f toc orrec tthem , as al s othew ri ti n g s of thef athers ,
ag reeab l y totheorthod ox f ai th,
s ec u n d u m f i d em orthod ox am ."
T hes am ev ery l earn ed P rotes tan td i v i n ehas thi s rem arkab l e
pas s ag e : "
I m parti al i ty ex ac ts f rom m ethec on f es s i on , thattheorthod ox hav ei n s om epl ac es
al tered theGos pel s ." '
L an f ran c w as head of theM on ks of S t .M au rab ou tA .D .1 0 50 , an d
i tappears thatthi s s oc i ety n oton l y c orrec ted theGos pel hi s tori es , b u tthey al s oc orrec ted the
f athers , i n ord erthatthei rg os pel c orrec ti on s m i g htn otb ed i s c ov ered :
an d thi s w as prob ab l y the
reas on f orthepu b l i c ati on b y them of thei rv ers i on of thew hol eof thef athers
.T otheob s erv ati on
thatthey w ou l d n otc orrec tal l thec opi es , thats om em u s tes c apethem ,
Xm ay b erepl i ed , that
they thou g htotherw i s e, an d therec an b en od ou b tthati f theP opean d theM on ks thou g hti t
w orththei rw hi l etoc orrec ttheGos pel s , they w ou l d s paren opai n s tom akethec orrec ti on
u n i v ers al
.
T hu s w es eethef ac tprov ed , n oton l y thattheH ol y S c ri ptu res hav eb een c orru pted b y the
u n i ted ex erti on s of theM on ks an d theP apal s ee, b u tthatthew orks of thef athers hav eal s ob een
c orru pted tob ei n u n i s on w i ththem , an d thi s n otb y on em an , b u tb y av ery g reatan d pow erf u l
s oc i ety i n l eag u ew i ththeP ope .
S u rel y af tertheproof of s u c haf ac tas thi s , i ti s on l y f ai ri f a
pas s ag eb ef ou n d w hi c hc om prom i s es them oral attri b u tes of God ( w hi c hapas s ag ew ou l d d oi f i t
es tab l i s hed theaton em en t)
tos u ppos ethati ti s apas s ag ew hi c hhas b een retou c he. I m ay b ean
ob s ti n atehereti c f oren tertai n i n g s u c hb el i ef , b u tI c an s oon erb el i ev ethatapas s ag ei s on eof
thos e R E T OU CH E than thatGod i s u n j u s torc ru el . From theob s erv ati on of M r .Gi b b on , f rom
Wets tei n , thattheretou c hi n g w as d on eb y c on s en tan eou s m ov em en tatR om e, S t
.M au r, an d
Can terb u ry , w em ay f orm apretty f ai rj u d g m en tthatan u n i v ers al m ov em en tof theM on ks of the
w orl d then tookpl ac etoef f ec tthed es i red ob j ec t . T herec an b en od ou b t, I thi n k, thatthev ery
f i n eed i ti on of thef athers w hi c hw as pu b l i s hed b y theBen ed i c ti n s of S t .M au rw as d on etorem ov e
an y pas s ag es w hi c htheol d b ooks m i g htc on tai n oppos ed tothe R E T OU CH A s Gos pel s .
Bu tthi s i s n ottheon l y c orrec ti on theGos pel s ares ai d tohav eu n d erg on e . L ard n er 2 s ay s ,
" Vi c torT u n u n en s i s , an A f ri c an Bi s hop, w hof l ou ri s hed ab ou tthes i x thc en tu ry an d w rotea
" Chron i c l e, en d i n g atthey ear566, s ay s , When M es s al aw as Con s u l ( thati s , i n they earof
" Chri s t50 6) atCon s tan ti n opl e, b y ord erof theE m perorA n as tas i u s , thehol y Gos pel s b ei n g
" w ri tten b y i l l i terateE v an g el i s ts arec en s u red an d c orrec ted
."
A s m ay b eex pec ted , g reatpai n s
hav eb een taken toru n d ow n an d d eprec i atethi s pi ec eof ev i d en c etoad ry f ac t, thetru thorf al s i ty
of w hi c hthen arratorm u s thav ekn ow n
.Vi c tor w as aChri s ti an Orthod ox Bi s hop . I ti s n otc re-
d i b l ethathew ou l d i n hi s Chron i c l erec ord af ac tl i kethi s i f i tw eref al s e . H i s ev i d en c ei s ren -
d ered m oreprob ab l eb y thec as u al w ay i n w hi c hi ti s g i v en ;
an d hem u s tb ec on s i d ered them os t
u n w i l l i n g of w i tn es s es .
I f ev i d en c e l i kethi s , tos u c has i m pl ef ac t, i s tob eref u s ed , therei s
i n d eed an en d of al l hi s tory , an c i en tan d m od ern .T hec harg eag ai n s ttheru l i n g pow erof c or-
ru pti n g theGos pel s i s n otthatof on ei n d i v i d u al on l y
: thes am ec harg ew es eew as m ad e .ag ai n s t
i tb y theM oham ed an s , an d i tw as d on eb ef oreb y theM an i c haean s .
I ti s w orthy of ob s erv ati on ,
thattherei s n otam an u s c ri ptof theGos pel s i n ex i s ten c eearl i erthan thes i x thc en tu ry
.A s tron g
prob ab i l i ty ari s es thatthean c i en tGos pel s w ered es troy ed atthi s ti m e
.
T othearg u m en ts of Bi s hopM ars h, M i c hael i s , & c
., tow hi c hI al l u d ed al i ttl eti m eag o, I repl y ,
thati n theti m es b othof A n as tas i u s an d L an f ran c thew hol ew orl d w as i n av ery c on s i d erab l e
d eg ree, as f aras c on c ern ed rel i g i on , i n thepow erof theE m perorof Con s tan ti n opl ean d theP ope
.
' Cl el an d ' s S pec i m en s , & c ., p .62 .

2 Cred .Gos p.H i s t .Ch.c l v .

BookX.ChapterV
.S ec ti on 1 1

68 3
I hav en od ou b tthattherew as am on as tery , orpri es tof s om es ort, i n ev ery s m al l d i s tri c tof
Northern A f ri c a, E g y pt, Wes tern A s i a, an d E u rope .I c an n otb el i ev ei tpos s i b l ethattheres hou l d
hav eb een ahu n d red c opi es of theorthod ox Gos pel s i n ex i s ten c ew hi c hw eren otw i thi n thereac h
of theM on ks an d pri es ts , an d I hav en od ou b tthati n ei therti m e, an ord ertoc orrec ttheg os pel s
g i v en ou tatCon s tan ti n opl e, R om e, an d Can terb u ry , w ou l d b ec om peten ttoc au s eev ery c opy , pro-
b ab l y al tog ethern ottw othou s an d , tob erew ri tten .T hi s rati on al l y ac c ou n ts f ortheex traord i n ary
f ac tof thed es tru c ti on of al l m an u s c ri pts b ef orethi s peri od
. E v ery i n qu i rerkn ow s thatS t .A u -
g u s ti n ei s l ooked u ptob y b othP api s ts an d P rotes tan ts as on eof thef i rs tl u m i n ari es of theChri s -
ti an Chu rc h ; an d hen oton l y prof es s ed toteac hthattherew eres ec retd oc tri n es i n therel i g i on ,
b u thew en tas tepf arther- f orheaf f i rm ed , M u l taeas ev eraqu m v u l g os c i ren on s i tu ti l e, et
qu aed am qu aetam ets i f al s aau n t, al i terex i s ti m arepopu l u m ex ped i at : t thattherew erem an y thi n g s
tru ei n rel i g i on , w hi c hi tw as n otc on v en i en tf orthev u l g artokn ow ; an d ag ai n , s om ethi n g s w hi c h,
thou g hf al s e, y eti tw as ex ped i en ts hou l d b eb el i ev ed b y them . I ti s n otu n f ai rtos u ppos ethati n
thes ew i thhel d tru ths w ehav epartof them od ern Chri s ti an m y s teri es , an d I thi n ki tw i l l hard l y
b ed en i ed , thatthec hu rc h, w hos ehi g hes tau thori ti es hel d s u c hd oc tri n es , w ou l d n ots c ru pl eto
retou c h thes ac red w ri ti n g s .
1 1 .A s I hav ef orm erl y s ai d , i n theearl y ag es of Chri s ti an i ty thed oc tri n eof theM i l l en tu m w as
theu n i v ers al f ai th . A s i td i d n otc om ew hen ex pec ted , thec on s i d erati on of theU l ti m aCu s n ae
c arm i n i s aetas , of Vi rg i l , an d then i n thag eof J u v en al , an d c i rc u m s tan c es w hi c htheR om i s hes o-
teri c pol i c y an d u n i v ers al pow erhav ec on c eal ed f rom u s ; ( b u tw hi c hR og erBac on i n al aterag e
partl y l etou t, 2 ) tau g httheCol l eg eof Card i n al s , thattheten thag ew ou l d n otc om eti l l ab ou tthe
y ear60 0 , an d w ou l d , of c ou rs e, n oten d ti l l ab ou ttheti m ew hi c hw ehav es een f i x ed b y Bern ard
of Cl ai rv au x an d J oac hi m , v i z .they ear1 2 0 0 . H ow f arthi s kn ow l ed g em i g htex ten d , or m ay
ex ten d , i ti s n otpos s i b l etos ay , b u ttheL i n g ai n thei rtem pl e, w i thi ts Z eu s S oter, & c ., s eem s to
s kew thatthew hol ei s u n d ers tood .
From theM oham ed an s w ec an l earn l i ttl e
; w eareattoom u c hen m i ty w i ththem
; an d i ti s
prob ab l ethattheT u rks m ay real l y pos s es s n othi n g of theA rab i an kn ow l ed g eu pon thes es u b j ec ts .
Bu ti ti s am os ti m portan tf ac t, thattheBrahm i n s m ai n tai n thatM oham ed ei therw as orpreten d ed
tob eaVi c ram ad i ty aan d A v atar . T hi s w i l l l ead u s tos om ev ery i m portan tc on s equ en c es .
T hef ac tc an n otb ed en i ed , an d av ery i m portan tf ac ti ti s , thatw hen theM oham ed an s ov erran
I n d i a they d i d n otd es troy thei m ag es of theBu d d hi s ts .T hereas on w as b ec au s e, i n thes i m pl e,
u n ad orn ed , u n c orru pted i c on of Bu d d ha, they f ou n d thei row n Om , aan d I hav en od ou b tthatthey
w erei n real i ty Bu d d hi s ts , an d M oham ed w as
b el i ev ed b y hi m s el f , ( f orw hati s tooab s u rd f or
hu m an f ol l y n ottob el i ev e?
H ow m u c horhow f ari s pros peri ty c apab l eof c orru pti n g ev en the
s tron g es tm i n d s ! 3 )
orb y hi s f ol l ow ers , tob etheten than d l as tA v atar- i n c arn ati on of thes ac red
Oru - theA m ed or d es i reof al l n ati on s .
On thi s ac c ou n ti tw as , that the A f g han s an d them ou n -
tai n eers of M ew aran d M al w ac am etob eam on g thef i rs tof M oham ed ' s f ol l ow ers ,
I f w erec on s i d erw hatI hav es ai d i n Bk .VI I I . ; Chap .V ., res pec ti n g atri b e : proc eed i n g f rom
I n d i a, as theM oham ed an s s ay , an d thei rhav i n g c arri ed b ac ktherel i g i on of M oham ed , theten th
' Ci v . D ei . L i b
.i v
. Cap. x x x i .
4
R og erBac on s pen ttheg reaterporti on of hi s l i f ei n pri s on
.T hi s w as - n otf or kn ow i n g tooom u c h, b u tf orb etray i n g
thes ec rets of
i n i ti ati on , f ortel l i n g thes ec rets ou t of thec on c l av e
.
3 When I c on s i d erthatA l ex an d erw as b orn ex ac tl y w hen theS u n en tered A ri es , an d thatM oham ed ' s n am e .au n t
Great,
i n c on n ex i on w i thotherc i rc u m s tan c es , I
am i n d u c ed tos u s pec tthatthey w ereb oth, as w el l as Con s tan ti n e,
c al l ed Great, b ec au s ethey w erethou g httob eA v atars .I thi n k thi s
s u pers ti ti on m i g htprob ab l y m akethem c on
.
qu erors .
68 4
T heS u b j ec tCon ti n u ed
av atar, w em ay ob s erv e, thattherew as n og reatm an i n thei row n c ou n try - toan s w erto
theten th
w hom they d ai l y ex pec ted ; an d w hen they s aw thi s Om - am ed , thed es i reof al l n ati on s ,
c on -
qu eri n g al l A s i a, an d d ec l ari n g thathi s s u c c es s w as theproof of hi s m i s s i on , i tw as v ery n atu ral
f orthem torec ei v ehi m : i tw as n oc han g e, b u ton l y an ec es s ary c om pl eti on of thei rrel i g i on ,
arri v i n g , as they w ou l d l earn , tothev ery y eari n w hi c h, ac c ord i n g tothei rd oc tri n es , heou g htto
arri v e .
I n theprov i n c eof Ou d eorJ u d aea, i n NorthI n d i a, thepeopl es ti l l f l atterthem s el v es w i ththe
hopes of aS av i ou r, of w hom they kn ow n othi n g , ex c eptthathei s tob eaten thOu tarorOn tar .
H ei s tob ec al l ed the" s potl es s , " b ec au s ehei s tob eb orn of apu rev i rg i n
.
H ei s ex pec ted to
appeari n theprov i n c eof Ou d e, i .e . You d i a.
H ew i l l d es troy al l d i s ti n c ti on s , an d es tab l i s hhap-
pi n es s on theearth . , A s thes epeopl ed i d n otac c eptM oham ed f orthei rl as tA v atarori n c arn a-
ti on , an d al l thei rs em i n ari es of s ac red l earn i n g w ered es troy ed , they s ti l l , l i ketheJ ew s , c on ti n u e
i n ex pec tati on of they kn ow n otw hat .
Col .T od s ay s , 2 " T hel i b rari es of J es s u l m er, i n thed es ertof A n hu l w ara, thec rad l eof thei r
` ( m ean i n g theBu d d hi s tan d J ai n ) f ai th, of Cam b ay an d otherpl ac es of m i n ori m portan c e, c on -
` s i s tof thou s an d s of v ol u m es .T hes eareu n d erthec on trou l n otof thepri es ts al on e, b u tof c om -
m u n i ti es of them os tw eal thy an d res pec tab l eam on g s tthel ai ty , an d arepres erv ed i n thec ry pts

of thei rtem pl es , w hi c hprec au ti on en s u red thei rpres erv ati on , as w el l as thatof thei rd ei f i ed

teac hers , w hen thetem pl es them s el v es w ered es troy ed b y theM oham ed an i n v ad ers , w hopai d
m ored ef eren c etothei m ag es of Bu d d hathan tothos eof S i v aorVi s hn u ." H erew ehav ea
partof thes ec retrel i g i on of M oham ed
. A m on g hi s f ol l ow ers , as am on g theChri s ti an s , w hen , i n
thethi rteen thc en tu ry , thes tars d i d n otf al l f rom heav en orthes u n c eas etog i v ei ts l i g ht, the
d oc tri n eb ec am ef org otten . Bu ti n thi s pas s ag etheCol on el d oes n otd i s pl ay hi s u s u al ac u ten es s
of u n d ers tan d i n g . I f hew i l l ref l ec t, hew i l l s eethatthei d eaof l arg el i b rari es orteac hers b ei n g
pres erv ed i n c ry pts u n kn ow n toc on qu erors i s n otc red i b l e . T hey w erepres erv ed , b ec au s ethe
A rab i an s w erethepatron s of l i teratu reof ev ery ki n d .T hey n om ored es troy ed l i b rari es i n I n d i a
than they d i d i n E g y pt
.
I hav eb ef oreob s erv ed , thattheterm Vi c ram ad i ty ai s m erel y ad es c ri pti v eterm .T hi s i s c on -
f i rm ed b y them od ei n w hi c htheH i n d oos appl y i ttoM oham ed , w hom they c ou n taVi c ram ad i ty a,
an d w hom they s tatetohav em ad ehi s appearan c eA .D .62 1 - an d w hos es erab eg an f rom that
y ear
; b u theb eg an topreac h, orheappeared , as M r .Fab erhas ob s erv ed , i n A .D
.60 8 . 3
T hen am eVi c ram ad i ty ac on s i s ts of thes ew ord s : Vi c ra, w hi c hm ean s Vi c ar, thes am eas Vi c a-
ri u s ; thew ord Om , an d D i ty a : thew hol em ean i n g thehol y Vi c arof theGod Om , or the Vi c arof
thehol y Om . M oham ed w as al s oc al l ed R es ou l : thati s , theR as of A l , orthe w i s d om of God .
T heH eb rew I ON am d i s f orm ed of thew ord OM an d d i , thehol y OM . T heM oham ed an s ec tof
theS hi ahs , i n thel an g u ag eof S i am an d of M al ab ar, i s c al l ed R af zi .T hi s i s ev i d en tl y f rom the
H eb rew R as - R as hees .
T heprej u d i c es of m od ern Chri s ti an s en ti rel y b l i n d them totheu n d en i ab l ef ac t, thatev ery M o-
ham ed an i s as real l y aChri s ti an as them s el v es . I f thi s b ethec as e, i ti s i n perf ec tkeepi n g w i th
thei rpos s es s i on of them ag n i f i c en tc hu rc horm os qu eof S t
.J ohn , atD am as c u s , w herehi s head
i s pres erv ed , an d s om u c hv en erated , thattheT u rks w i l l n otperm i tev en on eof thei row n rel i g i on
tol ookati t, an d n ev erperm i taChri s ti an tog oi n tothec hu rc horm os qu e . 4
Col .Brou g hton ' s P opu l arP oetry , n otes , p
.1 52 .

Y
P .52 0 .
' A s i at .R es
.Vol .I X .p .1 60 .

4
M au n d rel ' s J ou rn ey , p .1 70 .
BookX
.ChapterV
.
S ec ti on 1 2
68 5
Vi c en ti u s Bel ov ac en s i s n oti c es thec u s tom of tw oI n d i an n ati on s m aki n g Carn s i n hon ou rof thei r
God s , attheequ i n ox es .' T hi s i s s ti l l c on ti n u ed i n T i b et, an d w hati s v ery rem arkab l e, hes ay s the
c u s tom pas s ed f rom theI n d i an s totheA rab i an s , an d w as ord ered tob ec on ti n u ed b y M oham ed
.
T hi s s eem s tos u pportw hatI hav es ai d of theA rab i an s ' f i rs tc om i n g f rom I n d i a, an d tohav eb een
c on n ec ted w i ththeM oham ed an s ' protec ti on of theBu d d hi s ti m ag es i n I n d i a
. 2 Bu d d haw as
s pared , b ec au s ehew as them al eg en erati v epri n c i pl e, as theL i n g as w eres pared b y Cam b y s es
.
L atetrav el l ers hav ef ou n d , as w em i g htex pec t, Carn s i n Wes tern S y ri a
.
T hef ac ti s , M oham ed i s m w as n o n ew rel i g i on ;
i tw as on l y ac on ti n u ati on of Bu d d hi s m .
M ec c a, thes ac red c i ty of M oham ed , w as w el l kn ow n tothean c i en ts b y an am ew hi c hhad the
m ean i n g of then am eof M oham ed . I tw as c al l ed M ac o or M oc aR ab ab y P tol em y , or
M oc athe
g reat or i l l u s tri ou s , 3 ori n otherw ord s , thec i ty of M o- han zed . Gu y P ati n m en ti on s am ed al of
A n ton i n u s P i u s
w i ththi s l eg en d M OK .I E P . A XY.A YT O
.w hi c hhev ery properl y tran s l ates
M oc a, s ac ra, i n v i ol ab i l i s , s u i s u ten s l eg i b u s :
M oc athehol y , thei n v i ol ab l e, an d u s i n g herow n
l aw s
. T hi s , Wi l f ord s ay s , c an on l y b eappl i c ab l etothepl ac en ow c al l ed b y u s M ec c a, an d i n the
Brahm i n b ooks M oc s ha- s t' han , an d c on s i d ered am os thol y pl ac e, tow hi c htheI n d i an s f orm erl y
m ad epi l g ri m ag es , an d n ottothel i ttl epl ac ec al l ed M oc ha . 4 T hem ed al of A n ton i n u s s erv es to
s hew theu n i v ers al n atu reof theGen ti l erel i g i on . Col .Wi l f ord i n f orm s u s , thattheA rab i an
w ri ters u n an i m ou s l y s u pportthed oc tri n e, thatthepres en tM ec c ai s theM oc aof P tol em y . T he
s ea- portof thi s M oc ai s thetow n orportof Bad - d eo, reg i a, orthec i ty of thehol y an d roy al
Bu d d ha.
M oc s ham ean s
etern al b l i s s ; then then am ew i l l b e pl ac eof etern al happi n es s . T hei n d u b i tab l e
f ac tthatM ec c aw as apl ac es ac red totheA m ed or
d es i reof al l n ati on s b ef oreM oham ed , the
c am el - d ri v er, w as b orn , open s toou rv i ew an ew aen i g m a, w hi c hc an n otb es ol v ed w i thou ts u p-
pos i n g an es oteri c rel i g i on i n M oham ed i s m , as w el l as i n al l otherrel i g i on s , as hel d b y thec el e-
b rated A v i c en n aan d m an y others , an d i n tow hi c hI s hal l i n qu i reb y an d b y . T hew hol ehi s tory
of M oham ed f u rn i s hes am os tc u ri ou s ex am pl eof aprophec y c au s i n g i ts ow n v eri f i c ati on
.
1 2 . T heJ ew s w el l kn ow thattherei s av ery pec u l i arm y s tery c on c eal ed u n d erthel etterM ,
as M .Cas s i n i has s hew n .T heJ ew s hav ethes am etw en ty - ei g htl etterf i g u res as theA rab i an s ,
w i ththes i n g l eex c epti on thatthey w an tthe l as t
f orthen u m b er1 0 0 0 . T hi s i s c on tri v ed f orthe
pu rpos eof m aki n g thei rm y s ti c al l etterM thec en tral l etterof thei ral phab et
. T hey hav eon l y
tw en ty - tw ol etters , b u tthey ad d f i v ef i n al s f orthi s pu rpos e
. A n d s i m i l artothi s they f orm a
s ac red c ab al i s ti c w ord n n rt am t or n D rt am t,
w hi c hhas them ean i n g of tru th . I tc om es f rom the
root j D t am n , w hi c hi s the A m en an d Om en
of Chri s ti an s ; theOm - m an an d A m u n of E g y pt
c orru pted , as i s al l ow ed , to A m m on
b y them od ern s , an d i ti s theOatof I n d i a . I ti s thef i rs t,
an d m i d d l e, an d l as t- s i m i l artotheA l phaan d Om eg a, w i ththes i g n f or60 0 i n them i d d l e ; as ,
i n theCri s m on S an c ti A m b rog i i , w ehav etheA l phaA , an d Om eg aQ, w i ththe
..2 i n them i d d l e,
theem b l em of 60 0 .
T hef i g u reatthetopof thec ros s i s theS am ari tan R es h, w hi c hm ean s 2 0 0 ,
an d thec ros s , w hi c hon S am ari tan c oi n s i s pu tf ortheT au , s tan d s f or4 0 0 .T hel etterR es hi s
' P arkhu rs ti n v oc e, rm 1 rrn e .
s
T heChri s ti an s ac c u s etheJ ew s of b l i n d n es s i n b el i ev i n g thattheprom i s ed M es s i ahorS av i ou rw as tob eatem poral
pri n c e
.
I n thi s c as e, i ti s n ec es s ary , i n j u s ti c etotheJ ew s , toas ki n w hats en s ethew ord w as u s ed i n thei rs ac red
w ri ti n g s .
I thad al w ay s on es en s e, an d I b el i ev e on l y
on es en s e, an d thats en s ei s aton c es een w hen w el ooktoI s ai ah .
w hereCy ru s i s ex pres s l y c al l ed aM es s i ah .
3 A s i at .R es .Vol .I V .p .3 69 .

4
I b i d .
68 6
M - OM - OM D
read f rom l ef ttori g ht
. T hi s m ay b eb ec au s ei ti s u s ed b y m od ern Greeks ,
or i tm ay b ef rom i ts
ex trem ean ti qu i ty ; f ori ti s thes taf f of Os i ri s
.I f l etters w eretaken f rom f i g u res , as they w ere
al w ay s read f rom l ef ttori g ht, of c ou rs ehereu s ed as af i g u re, i tw ou l d read f rom l ef ttori g ht
.
I ti s , as j u s tn oti c ed , theCri s m on S an c ti A m b rog i i , i n thec hu rc hof M i l an - A
- P
S 2 . I hav e
al read y s ai d , i ti s thes am eas thes ac red w ord of theJ ew s f or
tru th M K am t, b u tI s u s pec ti t
m ean tb oth tru th an d WI S D OM - f or
T ru th i s
Wi s d om - Wi s d om i s T ru th . T heR es has here
u s ed m i g htc om ef rom A f ri c an E thi opi a, w herethel an g u ag eread f rom l ef ttori g ht, an d i ti s
n otori ou s l y thes taf f of Os i ri s , theM on og ram of J u pi terA m m on , an d theL ab aru m of Con -
s tan ti n e .
I n theS y ri an c opy of theA poc al y ps e, f orou rGreek
A pha an d Om eg a, thereare
A l pha an d T au .
H erew ehav e n am t.
I b el i ev en oon ed i s pu tes thattheGreeks had thei rs i x teen l etters f rom theP hoen i c i an s or
H eb rew s . Now , i tc an n otb es u ppos ed thatthey w ou l d rec ei v ethel etters an d n otthel etter
n u m b ers , thou g h, f orv ari ou s reas on s , they m i g htn otc om ei n toc om m on u s e ;
i n f ac t, thei rother
s y s tem w as m orec on v en i en t, ortheH eb rew m i g htb eas ec retan d m y s ti c al s y s tem . I f thi s w ere
thec as e, theR hom u s thav eb een thes am eas theS am ari tan an d Chal d ee, an d hav es tood f or2 0 0
.
I ti s v ery pos s i b l ethattheGreeks ab an d on ed theu s eof theH eb rew Qu othorK oph, f rom i ts
g reats i m i l ari ty totheK appa ;
an d thatthi s b y d eg rees , m ad ethei rR es horR hos tan d f or1 0 0 ,
i n s tead of 2 0 0 , w hi c hi tm u s thav eori g i n al l y d on e
. T hi s m ay hav eari s en w hen ac han g ei n the
l an g u ag etookpl ac e, w hi c hI s hal l ex pl ai n i n m y b ooku pon theori g i n of l etters . T hel etterM ,
the
M I D D L E
l etter, w as ad opted as as ac red m y s tery . I tw as theOm phal os orA s % Ou g .
I tw as
theM on og ram of M ai a, M ari a, M ary , theR eg i n aCoel i .
T heGreeks appeartohav ec opi ed theH eb rew s , f orthey hav e( s eethef i rs ttab l eof l etters ) the
s am eCad m ean al phab etof s i x teen l etters , b u tthey hav etw en ty - s ev en l etterf i g u res f orn u m b ers ,
an d them i d d l eon ehas I thi n kf orm erl y b een theM . I f m y read erl ooktotheT ab l ei n the Cel ti c
D ru i d s
hew i l l ob s erv ethattheD i g am m aex pel l ed theVan , w hi c htooku pi ts pl ac eaf tertheT au ,
m aki n g as ev en teen thl etter, an d n otb ei n g
on e of thel etters ad d ed b y P al am ed es orS i m on i d es
.
Now w hen I c on s i d erthec l os ec on n ex i on w hi c hm u s thav eon c eex i s ted b etw een theS an s c ri tan d
theGreek, I c an n othel p s u s pec ti n g
thattheA , U , M , has b een theA , M , Q- A l phaan d Om eg a-
taken f rom theGreek, w hen theM has b een i n s om ew ay , w hi c hI c on f es s I c an n ots ati s f ac tori l y
ex pl ai n , thec en tral l etteras i tw as am on g theH eb rew s .Wef i n d al l theI n d i an n ati on s ad m i tti n g
thei ri g n oran c eof theety m ol og y orm ean i n g of thei rs ac red A U M . Wef i n d them c on s tan tl y
y s i n g i tas Om , w hi c hthey ac kn ow l ed g etob eac orru pti on , b u tthey kn ow n othow .T hen m ay
i tn otas eas i l y hav eb een A M Qas A U M ? I f they kn ew thati tw as thethreel etters c orru pted
i n totw o, OM , i tw as n atu ral totaketheA % QM f ortheori g i n al , an d n otA M S 2
.
A l l thi s re-
s pec ti n g theOM I g i v eas am eres u s pi c i on . I td oes n otaf f ec tthetheory thatb oththeGreek
an d H eb rew hav ehad thec en tral M . Wem ay ob s erv eu pon thi s , thati tc on n ec ts w el l w i ththe
m y s ti c A m o, I l ov e- d i v i n el ov e- an d M o- ahm ed ; i n s hort, w i ththeOm i n ahu n d red s en s es an d
m y s ti c al rel ati on s
.
m y s ti c al
i f i n theen d i ts hou l d prov ethatm y s u s pi c i on b ew el l f ou n d ed , hav etheI n d i an s c opi ed
f rom theGreeks , ortheGreeks f rom theI n d i an s ? Nei ther .T heGreeks c opi ed f rom theH eb rew ,
an d theH eb rew w as thel an g u ag eof S ou thI n d i a, an d Corom an d al , an d theL as c ars , b ef orethe
S an s c ri tw as f orm ed : b u tn otb ef orethei rm y thol og y w as f orm ed . T heS an s c ri tl an g u ag em u s t
hav eb een perf ec ted s i n c ethes u n en tered A ri es , as theBu d d hi s ts hav ei tn ot ; an d g reati n g en u i ty
w as ex erted tom akei tas d i f f eren tas pos s i b l ef rom i ts paren t, i n ord ertokeepi tf rom theBu d d -
hi s thereti c s , as theBrahm i n s c al l ed them . I n c on s i d eri n g thequ es ti on of theprob ab i l i ty of m y
BookX
. ChapterV. S ec ti on
1 2

68 7
s u s pi c i on
rel ati v e totheM , al l them y s ti c al parti c u l ars w hi c h w e hav e b ef ore, s een res pec ti n g thi s
l etter, an d thec y c l eof 60 0 , m u s tb etaken i n toc on s i d erati on
.
I n thew ord r1 n rt
am t theJ ew s f i n d v ari ou s m y s teri es . T hey s tri keof f thec i phers f rom the
n u m b ers w hi c hthes el etters d en ote, v i z .4 0 0 an d 4 0 , an d they hav e4 , 4 , 1 , w hi c hm ake9 , w hi c h
al w ay s m u l ti pl i ed , an d then ad d ed , al w ay s m ake9 .
T hu s 9 + 9 = 8 1 , an d 8 + 1 = 9 , an d the 1 3 ,
the
m i d d l el etteri s thef ou rteen thl etter, an d d en otes thef ou rteen attri b u tes of God , w hi c hthey f i n d
s om ew herei n E x od u s .Wes eei n theearl i es tof them on u m en ts of theBu d d hi s ts of I n d i athe
n u m b er n i n e
rec u rc on ti n u al l y as as ac red n u m b er
. T hi s s pew s thatm y s u s pi c i on i s i n perf ec t
keepi n g w i ththeapparen tl y tri f l i n g n on s en s e of f i g u res g i v i n g n am es , b u tf rom w hi c h
I i m ag i n eI
s hal l i n af u tu reb ookev ol v es om ethi n g v ery f arf rom n on s en s i c al .
I ti s v ery w on d erf u l how prej u d i c em ay b l i n d theu n d ers tan d i n g s of m en u pon thes u b j ec tof
rel i g i on , thou g hthey reas on w el l u pon ev ery others u b j ec t
.
M .Beau s ob res ay s , " Bes i d es the
" f u l f i l l i n g of thean c i en tprophec i es , theM es s i ahs hi n es s o
c on s pi c u ou s l y i n
thew ri ti n g s of the
" New T es tam en t, an d al l thes es oex ac tl y c en tre i n J es u s Chri s t, thati ti s ab s ol u tel y i m pos s i b l e
" am i n d f reef rom prej u d i c e s hou l d n otb eaf f ec ted w i ththes em arks of tru than d s i n c eri ty ." '
T hec as ei s s i m pl y thi s , i n the s ac red b ooks of theJ ew s w ri tten f rom ti m etoti m e, apers on i s
pred i c ted b y then am eof M es s i ah .
T hem ean i n g of thi s w ord i s ov eran d ov erag ai n
ex pl ai n ed to
m ean apers on tod el i v erthem f rom b on d ag e .I f therec ou l d b ean y d ou b tof i ts m ean i n g , the
ex am pl es w herei ti s appl i ed topers on s w ou l d rem ov ei t .Cy ru s , f ori n s tan c e, i s ex pres s l y c al l ed
theM es s i ahof God . H ew as atem poral pri n c ean d ac on qu eror
.
H ow s u rpri s i n g thatD r
.A
.
Cl arkes hou l d n otb eab l etos eethes e c on s pi c u ou s prophec i es !
A c c ord i n g tothed oc tri n es of theJ ew i s h
P hari s ees an d theChri s ti an s , thew orks of theprophets
aref u l l of prophec i es of aM es s i ah ; b u ti n n oc as ew hatev erc an an y
pas s ag eb epoi n ted ou t
w herei ti s ex pres s l y s tated thattheM es s i ah
al l u d ed tow as tob e
as pi ri tu al n ot a tem poral ki n g .
T hem ean i n g of thew ord M es s i ahw as n ev erd ou b ted : theprophets w hom God had s en thad f i x ed
i ts m ean i n g b y repeated l y d ec l ari n g d i f f eren t pers on s tob eM es s i ahs , s u c hf ori n s tan c eas Cy ru s .
T hes eprophets , i ti s s ai d , w erec on ti n u ed atd i f f eren tti m es ev en tothepres en tati on of J es u s i n
thetem pl eb y hi s f atheran d m other .H ow c an i tb erec on c i l ed totheg ood n es s
of God thatev en
u n tothev ery ti m ew hen thel as t prophets , Z ac hari as , S i m eon , an d A n n a, L u kei
.67, i i
.2 5, 3 8 ,
prophes i ed of aM es s i ah, hes hou l d n ev er hav ei n s pi red on eof them toex pl ai n tothe
J ew s thata
n ew M es s i ahw as toc om etotal l y d i f f eren t i n c harac terf rom al l theM es s i ahs they
had had b ef ore,
an d thatthev i s i b l ec hi l d w as tob eas pi ri t !
T hi s , i thas b een s ai d , w as tob l i n d theJ ew s , l es t
they s hou l d s eean d repen t, an d b es av ed ; thati s , s hou l d n otb ed am n ed
.
D i d an y on eev erb e-
f orehears u c hs hoc ki n g i m pi ety ?
I n repl y tothi s l as tob s erv ati on I s hal l
b etol d thatthepas s ag e
i s i n thes ac red b ook ; tow hi c hI rej oi n - I n d eed i ti s , an d i s , l i kem an y others i n thes ac red b ooks ,
ac orru pti on of theg os pel of J es u s , as i n m y n ex tv ol u m eI w i l l en d eav ou rtos hew
.
I c an m ore
read i l y b el i ev ethati tw as pu ti n totheb ook,
b y A n as tas i u s orL an f ran c , f rom hatred to
theJ ew s ,
than thati tw as pu tthereb y d i v i n ei n s pi rati on .
T hed i f f i c u l ti es w hi c hhav eari s en i n thec on s tru c ti on of thes eprophec i es
b etw een atem poral
an d as pi ri tu al M es s i ah, areal l
rem ov ed b y thef ac tw hi c hI hav epoi n ted ou t, thattheM es s i ah
w how as tod el i v ertheJ ew i s hn ati on f rom
b on d ag ew as tob ean i n c arn ati on of theS u prem e
Wi s -
d om , i n thef l es h, l i keCy ru s .
T hu s hew as b oths pi ri tu al an d tem poral , thou g hn otex ac tl y i n
thes en s ec on ten d ed f orb y ou rd i v i n es ;
b u ti n s u c has en s eas j u s ti f i es , i n ag reat m eas u re, m an y
1
I n t
.New T es t .P t
.i i .pp .2 , 3 .
68 8
T em pl ars , Ob s erv ati on s On
of thec on s tru c ti on s pu tu pon g reatn u m b ers of thepas s ag es b y thef ri en d s of b othopi n i on s .I n
f ac t, i ts hew s thatw hen thetw oparti es hav eb een oppos i n g eac hotherw i ththeg reates tb i tter-
n es s , thereal m ean i n g of thetex ts j u s ti f i es b othof them .I ti s c u ri ou s tos eehow pers on s perm i t
thei rpas s i on s tom i s l ead thei rreas on , as w el l i n I n d i aas i n E u rope
.T hef ol l ow ers of Cri s tn a,
n ev erthi n ki n g thatthey c an hon ou rthei rf av ou ri tetoom u c h, m ai n tai n thathei s n otan i n c arn a-
ti on , b u tVi s hn u hi m s el f .T hi s i s ex ac tl y f ol l ow ed b y ou rd ev otees , w hoc on ten d thatJ es u s Chri s t
i s n otan i n c arn ati on orapers on d i v i n el y i n s pi red , b u tthathei s God hi m s el f
.
A m on g s om es ec ts of theJ ew s , ab ou ttheti m eof Chri s t, an opi n i on prev ai l ed thattherew ereto
b etw oM es s i ahs , on eof thetri b eof E phrai m , ' theotherof thetri b eof J u d ah
.T hi s opi n i on
ref erred tothetw oc y c l es toc om e, of w hi c hthes epeopl ehad ob tai n ed s om ei n f orm ati on - i n f ac t,
tothec y c l es of J es u s an d M oham ed .
On eof thes eM es s i ahs w as tob e a s u f eri n g , theother a tri u m phan t M es s i ah .
H ow c u ri ou s l y
thi s d ov etai l s i n tothehi s tory of J es u s an d M oham ed !
H ow c u ri ou s l y ex hi b i ti n g , i n thec as eof
M oham ed , an ex am pl eof aprophec y c au s i n g i ts ow n f u l f i l m en t
! I s u s pec tthatthi s s u pers ti ti on
has c au s ed m an y g reatm en toari s e, an d al s o, as I c on j ec tu re, i tc au s ed Napol eon tof al l
.Ni m rod
thi n ks thatBrothers an d S ou thc otew erei n s tru c ted b y pers on s w i s erthan them s el v es
: theti m e
they appeared i s v ery rem arkab l ean d s u s pi c i ou s
.I ti s n oti m pos s i b l ethatv an i ty orpri es tl y
kn av ery m ay hav ew hi s pered toNapol eon thatag reaton ew as y ettoc om e, an d v an i ty ari s i n g
f rom u n ex pec ted s u c c es s m ay hav ere- ec hoed thew hi s per, that he
w as them an .
CH A P T E R VI
T em pl ars , Ob s erv ati on s on - Chai rof S t .P eter- Gos pel of S t
.J oac hi m - S t .
Fran c i s - I s hm ael l i an s orA s s as s i n s - Gi b l i m - Cas i d ean s - T em pl ars res u m ed
T em pl ars c on ti n u ed - Good an d E v i l
.M an es - R as i t .Wi s d om - T em pl ars re-
s u m ed - M as on s - M as on s c on ti n u ed - M an es , M as on s c on ti n u ed - S ophees -
L oc km an , 2E s op .
1 .
I N thed arkan d m y s ti c al l earn i n g of them i d d l eag es w em eetw i thm an y v ery od d c i rc u m -
s tan c es w hi c hhav en ev ery etb een ac c ou n ted f or, b u tw hi c hhav ei n v ai n attrac ted thec u ri os i ty
of thephi l os ophers : u n ti l atl as tthei n qu i ry s eem s tohav eb een g i v en u pas hopel es s .T hec i r-
c u m s tan c es tow hi c hI al l u d es eem toc on n ec tthel earn i n g c al l ed Gn os ti c i s m w i ththeChri s ti an
an d M oham ed an s y s tem s
: b u tthou g hac on n ex i on ev i d en tl y ex i s ted , y eti tw as i n an ob s c u re,
m y s ti c al an d i n c om prehen s i b l ew ay , of w hi c hn oon ec ou l d m akean y s en s e
.A l l thi s l earn i n g w as
c l os el y c on n ec ted w i thj u d i c i al as trol og y - w i thaf am ou s propheti c m ag i c al d em ag org on orb razen
' T heE d i torof M r
.Bru c e' s T rav el s has ob s erv ed , thatthew ord P U R E , w hi c hhes ay s m ean s the s u n , oc c u rs c om -
m on l y i n thec om pos i ti on of E g y pti an n am es
.Fori n s tan c e, M ephres , U eb phres , i n Greek Ov aop% i n H eb rew H ophra,
pri es tof thes u n
.Vi d eM ars ham i Can
.Chron .pas s ; Bru c e' s T rav el s , Vol .I I .' p .4 66.
BookX.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1

68 9
b ead , an d v ari ou s i d ol atrou s an d Gn os ti c em b l em s - w i ththew el l - kn ow n m y s teri ou s m an of the
m ou n tai n orS y ri an A s s as s i n s , an d w i ththepers on c al l ed J ohan n es , Bu tta, an d D eu s , of w hom w e
hav el atel y treated .
On c harg es i n ti m atel y rel ated tos ec rets of thi s ki n d thef am ou s K n i g hts
T em pl ars w ered es troy ed . T heac c u s ati on s b rou g htag ai n s tthem , as w el l as thei rd ef en c es , w ere
i n v ol v ed i n m y s tery .
T hi s w as c l os el y c on n ec ted w i ththeM i l l en i u m , an d theCru s ad es i n the
el ev en than d thetw el f thc en tu ri es w eretheef f ec ts of thatd oc tri n e . T hef ou n d ati on of thi s w as
l ai d i n theVi rg i l i an d oc tri n eof theren ew ed c y c l es - theex pec ted c om m en c em en tof theM i l -
l en i u m attheen d of 1 2 0 0 y ears , oratm os ti n thethi rteen thc en tu ry , an d theb el i ef thatM oham ed
w as ei thertheten thA v atarorBeas tof theR ev el ati on s , orA n ti c hri s t, orthepers on f oretol d b y
J es u s , b y D an i el an d theprophets , an d ref erred tob y theM ag i c i an Vi rg i l . 1 A n d thu s c am eto
b eu n i ted thed oc tri n es of M ag i c , H eathen i s m , Chri s ti an i ty , an d M oham ed i s m , an u n i on atf i rs t
s i g httotal l y i n c om prehen s i b l e, of thi n g s toal l appearan c eab s ol u tel y i n d i am etri c al oppos i ti on
.
T heex pec tati on of theM i l l en i u m w as c l earl y en tertai n ed b y theP apal S ee, w hi c h, on thi s ac -
c ou n t, en c ou rag ed theCru s ad es , an d thou g htheCard i n al s of c ou rs ec ou l d n otb el i ev ethatM o-
ham ed w as theheroof theten thag eorc y c l e, y etthey b el i ev ed thatthes ev en thm i l l en ary orthe
M i l l en i u m w as ab ou ttoc om e, ti l l thethi rteen thc en tu ry had c on s i d erab l y ad v an c ed , prob ab l y ti l l
af terthey ear1 2 60 , an d ti l l i ts n on - arri v al had prov ed tothem , as w el l as totheothers , thei r
m i s take . T hen thi s d og m a, f rom i ts ev i d en tf al s i ty , w as d es pi s ed , an d b y d eg rees al m os tf org ot-
ten . T hen an d f rom thi s c au s earos eareac ti on i n thec ol l eg eof Card i n al s . From thi s d i s ap-
poi n ted s u pers ti ti on , i n theti m eof L eoX
., i tb ec am eD ei s ti c al orA thei s ti c al , an d how l on g i t
thu s c on ti n u ed , ori f i td oy ets oc on ti n u e, m ay b em atterof c u ri ou s s pec u l ati on . I hav en o
d ou b tw hatev er, thattheR om i s hs ec retrel i g i on w as es s en ti al l y m ag i c al oras trol og i c al , ti l l ab ou t
theen d of thethi rteen thc en tu ry , w hen theprophec i es of theM i l l en i u m f ai l ed , an d prov ed i ts
f al s i ty . 2 P erhaps i tm i g htex i s ti n ad ou b tf u l ki n d of w ay , ti l l af terthey ear1 2 60 had pas s ed
ov er ; then , i f n otb ef ore, as trol og y b ec am eheres y .
I n thepros ec u ti on s of theK n i g hts T em pl ars , w hi c harekn ow n toev ery b od y , ac ertai n m y s ti f i -
c ati on an d s ec rec y m ay b eob s erv ed , as i f thew hol eof thec harg es ag ai n s tthem w eren otb rou g ht
pu b l i c l y ou t. T hi s aros ef rom v ari ou s c au s es
.T hepers ec u ted w erereal l y v ery rel i g i ou s , an d
w ereb ou n d b y them os ts ol em n M as on i c oaths ( an d M as on ry w as i n ti m atel y c on n ec ted w i ththes e
m atters ) n ottod i v u l g ethes ec rets of theord er .
T hi s c au s ed them torec an tatthes take, w hen
al l hopehad f l ed , w hatthey had c on f es s ed w hen on thew heel
;
an d b y thi s m ean s they en d ea-
v ou red tom akeam en d s f orthes ec rets b etray ed , an d theoaths i n v ol u n tari l y b roken on therac k
.
Bu ty eti ti s c harg ed u pon them thatal thou g hatthel as tthey d ec l ared them s el v es i n n oc en tof
thec harg es b rou g htag ai n s tthem , y etthey ac kn ow l ed g ed them s el v es g u i l ty an d d es erv i n g of pu -
n i s hm en t
; b u tthew i c ked n es s w hi c hthey ares ai d tohav ec on f es s ed i s c on c eal ed f rom u s
. I
hav en od ou b ti tc on s i s ted i n part, atl eas t, i n hav i n g , w hen u n d erthetortu re, ac c u s ed , an d
thereb y hav i n g b rou g hton theru i n of , theord er
.
T heP apal S eehav i n g f i rs tc om eatthes ec rets
b y m ean s of c on f es s i on , of pers on s w hohad g on eov ertotheH ereti c s , an d af terw ard repen ted
1 I b el i ev ea l i f eof Vi rg i l
i s
y etex tan td es c ri b i n g hi m as ag reatm ag i c i an .A n d he
i s s ai d tohav eb een c on s u l ted
b y Oc tav i u s on as trol og y .
9
M r.Gi b b on has s om ev ery c u ri ou s an d s tri ki n g pas s ag es i n Chap . XV
.N.64 , 65 ; Chap . XX
.N
.59 ;
Chap . XXI .
N.1 9 , 2 4 , & c
.,
on theM i l l en i u m , an d on i ts u n i v ers al rec epti on i n theearl y ag es of thec hu rc h
.( S eeBu rn et' s
S ac red T heory , Ch
.
V.p
.i i i ., J u s ti n ag .T ry pho, pp
.1 77,
1 78 , E d i t .Ben ed . ; L ac t
.L i b . v i i . ;
D am e( teU s u P atru m ,
L i b .i i .Cap . i v .) T heT ri n i tari an d oc tri n es of P hi l oares hew n tohav eprec ed ed thed eath, orprob ab l y theb i rth,
of
Chri s t, Ch . x x i .N. 1 7.I t w i l l
b e of
i m portan c etorem em b erthi s .
69 0

T em pl ars , Ob s erv ati on s On

an d c on f es s ed , proc eed ed w i ththeg reates tc ertai n ty
; b u tatthes am eti m ei n aw ay w hi c hap-
peared v ery c ru el , an d al s ov ery m y s teri ou s
: f ori tkn ew thetru th, b u ti tw ou l d n otd i v u l g ethe
m od eb y w hi c hi tob tai n ed i t, n am el y , thati tac qu i red i tb y c on f es s i on .
P rotes tan ts s ay , thes epers ec u ti on s w ereu n d ertaken f orthes akeof thew eal thof theord er
.
T hi s I thi n ki s am i s take
.T hei g n oran td ev otees of thatd ay w erem u c hm orel i kel y
tog i v e to
hol y m otherc hu rc hthan
torob her, an d thei d eathattheP opew ou l d au thori zetherob b ery , b y
theki n g s , m erel y f orthes akeof g i v i n g them thew eal th, of thew el l - trai n ed an d d i s c i pl i n ed l i g ht
troops of thec hu rc h, i s ou tof al l prob ab i l i ty
.T hattheki n g s m i g htb etem pted totakes om eof
i tI d on otd en y , b u tm os tof i tw as b es tow ed on otherord ers , w i thw hom theT em pl ars w how ere
n otm u rd ered , af term aki n g ev ery requ i red c on f es s i on , w erei n c orporated .ForI d on otb el i ev e
thattheP opes pu tm oreof them tod eaththan they thou g htn ec es s ary toerad i c atetheheres y ,
an d tos ati s f y theb i g oted ki n g s
.I n tru th, theb i ttern es s ag ai n s ttheT em pl ars w as w i ththe
ki n g s m orethan theP ope, an d thi s aros ef rom thekn ow l ed g ew hi c hthec on c l av epos s es s ed that
thed oc tri n es of theT em pl ars w ereon l y arem n an tof thos ed oc tri n es w hi c hi ts el f had prof es s ed a
v ery f ew y ears b ef ore, as w es hal l s oon s ee
.Bu tthi s i tc ou l d n otex pl ai n totheki n g s .
When i n hu m b l el i f eac ob b l erc on f es s es tohi s pri es tthathehas s tol en af al l en appl eorpoi -
s on ed hi s paren ts , thes ec reti s kept ; b u tn ots ow hen apers on of hi g hd eg reec on f es s es s u c ha
f ac t, as , thatan ex trem el y ri c han d pow erf u l b od y en tertai n opi n i on s d an g erou s totheR om an S ee
an d tothehol y f ather :
then thec as eb ec om es v ery d i f f eren t .Forthepri es tm u s tc on f es s , an d
f rom v ari ou s c au s es heb eg i n s toen tertai n ad ou b thow f arhei s j u s ti f i ed i n keepi n g s u c hd an -
g erou s , s u c hs i n f u l , kn ow l ed g ef rom hi s s u peri or, tow hom atl as thes tates thed ou b tw hi c h
pres s es u pon hi s c on s c i en c e, orhi s s u peri orhas as c ru pl ehow f arhei s j u s ti f i ed i n keepi n g s u c h
as ec ret .
T hec as eg oes toR om e, b y ac on f i d en ti al m es s en g erorb y thepri es thi m s el f .A n
ord ertoc on f es s i n f u l l retu rn s ori s g i v en , an d al on g w i thi tapl en ary ab s ol u ti on f orb etray i n g
thes ec retof c on f es s i on .I n thi s w ay i tari s es , thattherearev ery f ew thi n g s d on e, orpropos ed
tob ed on e, b y c ou rts prof es s i n g theR om i s hrel i g i on , i f they af f ec tthei n teres tof theP apac y ,
w hi c haren otas w el l kn ow n totheP ope, as i f they w erei n s erted i n theD i ari ad i R om a .I n thi s
m an n erev ery g ov ern m en tof theR om i s hrel i g i on i s pros trateb ef oretheP opean d hi s c ab i n etor
c on c l av eof Card i n al s , w hoareal l b ou n d toeac hotherb y them os ts ol em n oaths , an d thes eoaths
s tren g then ed b y thekn ow l ed g ethatab reac hof them w ou l d b ef ol l ow ed b y thec el l s of thei n qu i -
s i ti on , ( s ti l l retai n ed i n R om ef ortheu s eof thepri es thood , ) thepoi s on ed c hal i c e, orthe
pon i ard .'
T hed oc tri n es tow hi c hI hav eal l u d ed ab ov e, arev i s i b l eev ery w herei n thec u ri ou s m y s ti c al
f i g u res al w ay s s een u pon them on u m en ts of theT em pl ars , i n thef i s hes b ou n d tog etherb y the
tai l s , on thetom b s of I tal y - i n theas trol og i c al em b l em s on m an y c hu rc hes , s u c has theZ od i ac s
on thef l oorof thec hu rc hof S t .I rem eu s atL y on s , an d on ac hu rc hatYork, an d NotreD am eat
P ari s , an d Bac c hu s ortheGod I H Z f i l l i n g thew i n e- c as k, f orm erl y on thef l oorof thec hu rc hof
S t .D en i s .A g ai n , i n therou n d c hu rc hes of theT em pl ars , i n i m i tati on of therou n d c hu rc hatJ eru -
s al em , prob ab l y b u i l tb y them i n theCi rc l arorCy c l arorGi l g al f orm i n al l u s i on tov ari ou s rec on -
d i tes u b j ec ts w hi c hI f l atterm y s el f I n eed n otn ow poi n tou ttom y read er, an d i n them on og ram s
I M an d XH i n thou s an d s of pl ac es .I n thes em y s teri es , n oton l y theCard i n al s , b u tthehead s
an d c hapters of al l theord ers of kn i g hthood , an d of al l theol d ord ers of M on ks , w erem oreor
t I f m y m em ory d o n ot d ec ei v em e, therec ord s of Fl oren c etes ti f y thattheE u c hari s t, ev en the s ac red E u c hari s t,
has b een m ad es u b s erv i en ttothed es tru c ti on of theen em i es of God an d the P apac y .
BookX.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 2
- 69 1
l es s i m pl i c ated
; an d f rom thatpartof them m orei n ti m atel y c on n ec ted w i ththe
an c i en td oc tri n es
of l on i s m , aros etheprof ou n d d ev oti on of al l ord ers of kn i g hthood
tothef ai rs ex an d them other
of God .
T hattheGn os ti c d oc tri n es n am ed ab ov e, thati s , thatChri s ti an i ty w as
on l y as pec i es ,
oran u n c orru pted orref orm ed ki n d , of P ag an i s m ,
w eres ec retl y hel d b y theCard i n al s i n the
Vati c an , I c an s c arc el y d ou b t, an d I thi n kI s hal l prov ei tb y an d b y
; an d thei rref u s al tob e-
l i ev eM oham ed tob etheP arac l etei s eas i l y ac c ou n ted f or
.
I n n on eof them od ern hi s tori es of thec hu rc hw hi c hhav eb een w ri tten ,
has an y attem ptb een
m ad etopen etratei n tothes ec retm y s teri es of therel i g i on
;
al thou g hev ery ag eex hi b i ts av ow al s
orad m i s s i on s of thehead s orc hi ef pers on s of i t, thattherew eres u c hs ec rets , the
tru thof w hi c h
ad m i s s i on s orav ow al s i s prov ed b y c i rc u m s tan c es w hi c hc an i n n ootherw ay b eac c ou n ted f or
.
I n
theearl i erperi od s w ehav ehi s tori es of w hatd i f f eren tem i n en t
pers on s hav es tated them tob e
;
thes eou rw ri ters hav ehan d ed tou s , c red u l ou s l y b el i ev i n g them ,
an d n ev erad v erti n g tothi s
g l ari n g f ac t, thati f s u c hm en as Ori g en had real l y ex pl ai n ed them ,
they w ou l d hav eb een g u i l ty
of theb l ac kes tperf i d y an d perj u ry , an d w ou l d s oon hav eb een m u rd ered
:
w hen c ei tf ol l ow s , that
theex pl an ati on s w hi c hthey g av ec ou l d on l y hav eb een i n ten d ed tom i s l ead ,
orw eren otm ean tto
appl y tothe
s ec retm y s teri es properl y s oc al l ed .
A n d w i thres pec ttothes ec rets them s el v es , they
areprob ab l y l i kethos eof theFreem as on s
.I f they w eretol d b y an y trai tor, s om an y otherf al s e
s tori es w eretol d al on g w i ththetru eon es , thatthei rs ec rec y i s
b y thi s m ean s m os tef f ec tu al l y
s ec u red .
I ti s al s opretty c ertai n , I thi n k, thatthi s es oteri c rel i g i on m u s tb eof
s u c han atu reas
tol eav eroom f orheres i es an d phi l os ophi c al v ari eti es of opi n i on
totakepl ac etoac on s i d erab l e
ex ten t, w i thou tm u c haf f ec ti n g i t .
Now I thi n ki n theM i l l en i u m an d i ts c ol l ateral d oc tri n es of
as trol og y an d s om eparts of Gn os ti c i s m thes erequ i s i tes m ay b e
f ou n d , an d m os tas s u red l y i n
al m os tev ery ag eev i d en tproof s of thes em atters s hew them s el v es , w hen thehi s tory i s c aref u l l y
l ooked i n to .
T hes earethec au s es w hy s om an y i n c on s i s ten c i es m ay b eob s erv ed i n al l theac c ou n ts
of thec hu rc h, w hi c hthew ri ters of them hav eb een u n ab l e
s ati s f ac tori l y toex pl ai n .
When a
pers on read s M os hei m orotherec c l es i as ti c al w ri ters ,
n othi n g i s m oreeas y an d f l ow i n g than the
hi s tory :
theres eem tob en od i f f i c u l ti es .
Bu tw hen heex am i n es i n tothed oc u m en ts on w hi c hi t
i s f ou n d ed , n othi n g i s m ored i f f i c u l t
.
2
.A tev ery tu rn w em eetw i ths om erem n an ts of P ag an i s m ,
an y on eof w hi c htaken b y i ts el f
w ou l d b eof n oc on s equ en c e, b u tw hi c hb ec om es of c on s equ en c ew hen
u n i ted tom an y others
.
S om eof thes eareri d i c u l ou s en ou g h
.T heP opeb oas ts of b ei n g d es c en d ed f rom S t
.P eter, Bar-
J on as , orJ an u s ,
i . e. s on of J an u s , an d as
he hel d thekey s of heav en , s otheR om an i s ts m ai n tai n
thatthei rP opehol d s them , an d , b y v i rtu eof thi s ,
pos s es s es thepow erof g ran ti n g orref u s i n g
ab s ol u ti on f ors i n s - open i n g ors hu tti n g theg ates of heav en
.
T hi s i s ev i d en tl y ag ran d s tep
tou n i v ers al em pi re, an d i ti s n ots u rpri s i n g thatg reatex erti on s s hou l d hav eb een
m ad etoes ta-
b l i s hi t .
Vari ou s m i rac l es arerec ord ed of S t .P eter, atR om e ; an d ,
tos u pportthec red i tof the
c hi ef of theapos tl es , theac tu al c hai ron w hi c hthi s Bar- J on as s atw as f orm erl y ex hi b i ted
. A s Bar-
J on as w as hol y , i tf ol l ow ed thatthec hai ron w hi c hhes atm u s tal s ob ehol y
;
theref ore, af es ti v al
w as i n s ti tu ted on the1 8 thof J an u ary tothehol y c hai r, w hi c hon thatd ay w as an n u al l y ex pos ed
tothead orati on of thepeopl e .
T hi s c on ti n u ed ti l l they ear1 662 , w hen u pon c l ean i n g i t, i n ord er
tos eti tu pi n s om ec on s pi c u ou s pl ac eof theVati c an , the
tw el v el ab ou rs
of H erc u l es u n l u c ki l y
appeared en g rav ed on i t . "
Ou rw ors hi p, how ev er, " s ay s Gi ac om oBartol i n i , w how as pres en tat
thi s d i s c ov ery , an d rel ates i t, "
w as n otm i s pl ac ed , s i n c ei tw as n ottothew ood w epai d i t, b u tto
" thepri n c eof theapos tl es , S t
.P eter. A n au thorof n om ean c harac ter, u n w i l l i n g tog i v eu pthe
" hol y c hai r, ev en af terthi s d i s c ov ery , as hav i n g apl ac e, an d apec u l i ars ol em n i ty am on g the

others ai n ts , has attem pted toex pl ai n thel ab ou rs of

H erc u l es i n am y s ti c al s en s e, as em b l em s

repres en ti n g thef u tu reex pl oi ts of theP opes

. Bu ttheri d i c u l ou s an d d i s torted c on c ei ts of
6 9 2
Chai rof S t
.P eter
" thatw ri teraren otw orthy ou rn oti c e, thou g hb y Cl em en tX
.they w erej u d g ed n otu n w orthy of
"
arew ard ." '
When thew i c ked Fren c hg otpos s es s i on of R om e, they d i d n otf ai l toex am i n ethi s c el eb rated
rel i c , an d to
!
i n ad d i ti on tothel ab ou rs of H erc u l es , they d i s c ov ered en g rav ed u pon i t, i n A rab i c
l etters , theM oham ed an c on f es s i on of f ai th
.'
I n thes etw of ac ts therei s ab eau ti f u l ex em pl i f i -
c ati on of thed oc tri n ehel d b y m ean d A m m on i u s S ac c as , thatal l thev ari eti es of rel i g i on s areat
theb ottom thes am e- b u ti n c l u d i n g , i n thec ol l ec ti on kn ow n toA m m on i u s , them od ern M oha-
m ed an rel i g i on , w hi c hw i l l b eac c ou n ted f orpres en tl y
.I c an s c arc el y c on c ei v eam orem arked
proof of then atu reof thes ec retd oc tri n eof theCon c l av e .T hes tory g oes , thatthi s c hai rw as
b rou g htf rom Con s tan ti n opl eb y aP i l g ri m , w ho, of c ou rs e, c ou l d n ei thers eetheZ od i ac , n or
read , n orkn ow , w hen hes aw A rab i c l etters , thatthey w erethel etters of thec ou n try w herehe
had b een trav el l i n g
.A n d i ti s al s oc l earthattheP opean d al l theCard i n al s w hoad opted thi s
c hai rw ereequ al l y b l i n d ,
an d c ou l d n ots eetheZ od i ac al s i g n s , an d equ al l y i g n oran t of theA rab i c
l etters .
Bes i d es , i ti s al s om an i f es t, i f they d i d s eethem , thattherew as n otatthatti m ea
c arpen teri n theR om an d om i n i on s b y w hom thes eof f en s i v eem b l em s m i g hthav eb een rem ov ed
f rom thec hai r, orw hom i g hthav es i m pl i f i ed them atterb y s u b s ti tu ti n g an ew on e, i f on em u s t
b ehad , an d i f theem b l em s prov ed thef al s i ty of thes tory of i ts b ei n g S t .P eter' s .
I ron y as i d e, thef ac ti s , therei s n od ou b tthat, u n d erthes em y s teri ou s c i rc u m s tan c es , s om ethi n g
l i es hi d .
T hes eem b l em s an d l etters d i d n otc om ethereb y ac c i d en t
: n orarethey tob eas c ri b ed
tothei g n oran c eof theP opean d thew hol ec ol l eg eof Card i n al s , an d thepri es ts an d theP ropa-
g an d aem pl oy ed i n ed u c ati n g y ou thi n
A rab i c an d otherl an g u ag es f orthef orei g n m i s s i on s
.
A l l thes ec i rc u m s tan c es aref u l l of i n teres t, b u tI thi n ktheti m ei s c om ew hen they m ay b e
ex pl ai n ed .
T hew hol eten u reof thi s w orkg oes toex pl ai n thel ab ou rs of H erc u l es , thes y m b ol s ,
as M r
.P arkhu rs tc al l s them , of w hatthereal S av i ou rw as tod oan d s u f f er
.FortheotherI
w i l l propos eatheory f ou n d ed on ac on d i ti on al f ac t, w hi c h, of c ou rs e, i f thef ac tb en ottru e, f al l s
totheg rou n d .
I hav eread , b u tw hereI c an n otn ow rec ol l ec t, an d w hi c hattheti m eI thou g htof n oc on s e-
qu en c e, of s ev eral m i s s i on s hav i n g b een s en tb y theP opes toc on v erttheCal i phof theM oha-
m ed an s toChri s ti an i ty
.T hi s w as theos ten s i b l ereas on g i v en totheChri s ti an w orl d f orthe
m i s s i on s .
Bu tI am of opi n i on thatthes em i s s i on s had al s othes ec retob j ec t, i f c on v ers i on w ere
n otpos s i b l e, of ef f ec ti n g ac c om m od ati on
; an d thi s w as i n ag reatm eas u rec au s ed b y theex pec -
tati on of aM i l l en i u m , ad ou b tw hetherM oham ed m i g htn otreal l y b ethepers on f oretol d b y
J es u s ;
an d af ear, w hetherhew eres oorn ot, thatthew arl i keS arac en , hi s s u c c es s or, s hou l d
ov erru n I tal y an d s u b v erttheP apal pow er
.Wem u s tn otf org etthatattem pts atac c om m od ati on
w ou l d b ekepti n them os tprof ou n d s ec rec y , an d i f s u s pec ted ord i s c ov ered m os ts tren u ou s l y
d en i ed - perhaps n ev erc om m i tted tow ri ti n g
.
I n thehi s tory tow hi c hI al l u d e, on eof theP opes i s s ai d tohav es en tam os tarrog an tm es s ag e
totheCal i phtorequ i rehi m totu rn Chri s ti an
.T hi s s tory d oes v ery w el l tob l i n d i g n oran t
peopl e, an d f orP rotes tan ts tol au g hat, b u tI b el i ev ethatthetru thw as , thatan eg oc i ati on w as
attem pted w i ththeCal i phb y theP ope, w hi c hf ai l ed , an d thes tory of theP ope' s
arrog an c e
w as
tol d , as w ehav ei t, toc on c eal thetru th
.I kn ow thatthei d eaof an i n c l i n ati on of theR om an
S eetoan u n i on w i thM oham ed i s m w i l l b etreated w i thri d i c u l e
.H ow ev er, l ettheA rab i c i n s c ri p-
ti on b eac c ou n ted f or
; n otb y apreten d ed ac c i d en t, the
g reat res ou rc eof l i ttl e
m i n d s , b u tb y
s om erati on al theory .
'
Bow er, H i s t .P opes , p
.7 .

2 L ad y M org an ' s I tal y .

BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 3

69 3
I f theP opehad an y i n c l i n ati on toad m i tM oham ed as thepers on tob es en t, as f oretol d b y
J es u s Chri s t, theA rab i c i n s c ri pti on m i g htb epl ac ed u pon thec hai ras apreparati on f orapre-
ten d ed m i rac l etoes tab l i s hthef ac t . Ori f theP opef eared thearri v al of theCal i phatR om e, he
m i g htb eprepari n g f oram arc hou ttom eethi m w i ththekey s of theH ol y Ci ty an d of H eav en i n
hi s b an d , w i thapreten c ethathew as atl as tc on v i n c ed b y them i rac u l ou s i n s c ri pti on on thec hai r
( an i m i tati on of thei n s c ri pti on on thew al l atBab y l on ) thatM oham ed w as theA pos tl eof God
.
T hem arc htom eetthec on qu erorw ou l d f i n d an ex ac tprec ed en ti n thec on d u c tof theJ ew i s h
H i g hP ri es t( as d es c ri b ed i n thel y i n g ac c ou n tof R ol l i n ) proc eed i n g , i n P on ti f i c al i b u s , i n c om -
pl i an c ew i thad ream , ( tob etray thef orm errac eof M es s i ahs w hi c hb ad res tored thetem pl e, ) an d
tod el i v erthekey s of J eru s al em toA l ex an d ertheGreat, the n ew i n c arn ati on .
Wes hal l pres en tl y s ee, n otw i ths tan d i n g theb oas ted i m m u tab i l i ty of theH ol y S ee, thatatthe
ti m eof w hi c hI am n ow s peaki n g , i tw as n ots od eterm i n ed ag ai n s tal l c han g eas i ts f ol l ow ers
preten d , an d thati thad n otan y v ery g reatob j ec ti on toan ew i n c arn ati on . I thi n kw hen the
read erhas peru s ed therem ai n d erof thi s c hapter, hew i l l n otc on s i d erm y theory s oi m prob ab l e
as hem ay d oatpres en t
.
T heA rab i c i n s c ri pti on m u s thav eam ean i n g
.
3 .A b ou ttheti m eof w hi c hI am s peaki n g , theres eem s tohav eb een s om ethi n g s tran g el y
u n s ettl ed i n theR om an S ee . T hi s i s prov ed b y thef ac t, n ow al m os tc on c eal ed b y thepri es ts ,
thatan ew Gos pel w as preac hed w i thi ts perm i s s i on , an d ac ti v el y an d en erg eti c al l y s u pported b y
i t, as M os hei m s ay s , f orab ov ethi rty y ears .
Forv ari ou s reas on s , w hi c hw i l l b ed etai l ed , i tw as
atl as ts u ppres s ed , thezod i ac I an d i n s c ri pti on on thec hai rw eref org otten , an d theT em pl ars
w ereb u rn t .
When theGran d L am aof T i b etm ad ead v an c es totheE m perorof theE as t- theE m perorof
Chi n a- i n f orm i n g thi s w i s ean d pol i ti c pri n c ethathew ou l d rec ei v ehi m as theel d es ts on of the
c hu rc h, thec u n n i n g m on arc hac c epted theof f er, ac kn ow l ed g ed theL am af orhi s f ather, an d thu s
heb ec am ethes ov erei g n an d protec torof thes ac red an d hol y i n c arn ati on of D i v i n eWi s d om at
L as s a .
When theGran d L am aof R om em ad ead v an c es , i f hed i d m akethem , totheE m perorof
theWes t- theCal i ph- thi s pri n c eb ei n g l es s pol i ti c than theChi n es e, theWes tern L am aw as
l es s s u c c es s f u l than hi s b rotherL am ahad b een i n theE as t
. H ad then eg oc i ati on s u c c eed ed ,
an d an ew Gos pel taken pl ac eof theol d on es , how d i f f eren tm i g hthav eb een thes tateof the
w orl d ! T hatthew orl d w as read y f oran ew Gos pel I w i l l n ow prov e .
T hen ew Gos pel of w hi c hI hav es poken ab ov ew as c al l ed the
E v an g el i u m E tern u m , an d , af ter
b ei n g s om eti m epreac hed i n the1 2 thc en tu ry , w as f i rs tpu b l i s hed i n aw ri tten b ookb y on eJ oa-
c hi l n , A b b otof S oraorFl ora, i n Cal ab ri a, of w hom I s pokei n Chap
.V .S ec t .9 , f rom w hi c hi tw as
c al l ed the ]BOOK OF J OA CH I M
. 2 T hi s Gos pel w as c al l ed the
c ov en an tof peac e . I tw as i n ten d ed
tos u pers ed eal l theol d Gos pel s , an d b y i tan u n i on w as ex pec ted totakepl ac ew i ththeM oha-
m ed an s an d al l theothers ec ts , w hi c hc au s ed i ttohav ethi s l as tn am e
. I thad then am eof
E VA NGE L I U M E T E R NU M ,
orthe E VE R L A S T I NGGOS P E L ,
ev i d en tl y toi n s i n u ateori n ti m atetothos e
c apab l eof u n d ers tan d i n g i t, thatal l otherg os pel s w ereon l y of atem porary n atu re . T hi s ex ac tl y
ag rees w i ththeM oham ed an d oc tri n eof theP arac l ete .
T hi s g os pel , kn ow n an d preac hed i n the
en d of thetw el f thc en tu ry , w as rec ei v ed b y n earl y al l them on ks , b u tparti c u l arl y b y theD om i n i -
' T hi s Z od i ac i s i n g ood keepi n g w i ththeZ od i ac i n thec hu rc hof S t .I rem eu s , atL y on s , w i ththew i n ec as katS t .
D en i s , w i ththeZ od i ac on thec hu rc hatYork, an d w i thm an y others i m i l arm atters .
s
T hi s w as thes am em an s poken of b ef oreas A b b otof Cu rac i o .H erew es eethatthi s l o- s ki m , that i s , l othew i s e,
w as al s o
A b b otof Fl ora, them y s ti c , perhaps s ec ret, n am eof R om e
.T hes em y s ti c n am es b etray them y s ti c n atu reof
thes y s tem .
6 9 4
Gos pel of J oac hi m
c an s an d Fran c i s c an s , an d they w erem os tw arm l y s u pported b y theP opes , w hoc en s u red thei r
oppon en ts , an d parti c u l arl y on eS t .A m ou r, an d c au s ed thei rb ooks tob eb u rn t .i
T he
E v erl as ti n g Gos pel
w as al s oc al l ed the Gos pel of theH ol y Ghos t. I thad i ts n am eof
E v an g el i u m E tern u m f rom thef ou rteen thc hapteran d s i x thv ers eof theR ev el ati on of l oan n es or
J ohn , of w hi c hi tw as thec om pl eti on , an d i n w hi c h, as the
ten th A v atar, or CYCL E ,
orA g e, w hi c h
w ou l d c om eorb ec om pl eted ab ou ttheen d of thetw el f thc en tu ry , i tw as of c ou rs ef ou n d ; f or
theA poc al y ps ei s av ery an c i en tas trol og i c al w orkon theZ od i ac al L am b , an d thed oc tri n eof the
ten Cy c l es an d theM i l l en i u m . I ts othern am e, g i v en ab ov e, of the H ol y Ghos t, ortheP eri - c l y te, or
P ara- c l ete, i s ev i d en tl y i n ac c ord an c ew i ththeM oham ed an d oc tri n e . T heR om an S ees u pported
the E v an g el i u m E tern u m b y al l them ean s i n i ts pow er . T hi s g os pel an n ou n c es thattherehav e
b een tw o i m perf ec tag es , theon eof theFather, theag eof theOl d T es tam en t, an d on eof theNew
T es tam en t, u n d erthead m i n i s trati on of theS on , an d thatthethi rd ortheperf ec ton e, of theH ol y
Ghos t, w hi c hw as tob epreac hed toal l n ati on s , w as athan d
. H ere, m os tc l earl y , w ehav ead oc -
tri n ew hi c has s i m i l ates ag ai n toM oham ed i s m , an d totheex pec tati on of theM i l l en i u m .
T heE v an g el i u m E tern u m c on s i s ted of threeb ooks
. T he L i b erCon c ord i c v Veri tati s , i
.e
. the
Bookof the H arm on y of T ru th,
the
A poc al y ps i s Nov a or New R ev el ati on , an d the P s al teri u m
d ec en tChord aru m , P s al tery of theten c hord s ,
orthe
T E N- s tri n g ed H arp . T heread erw i l l pl eas eto
ob s erv ethatthi s b ei n g an ew A poc al y ps e 2 w i l l , l i ketheol d on e, b ei n tel l i g i b l eon l y tothos e
i n i ti ated i n them y s teri es ; an d , thi s u n d ers tood , I thi n kI n eed n otex pl ai n tohi m them ean i n g of
theH arpw i th
T E Ns tri n g s . I thi n ki f hew i l l n ow l ookov ertheol d A poc al y ps eag ai n , hew i l l s ee
thati ts d oc tri n es al l ref ertotherev ol u ti on of thed i f f eren tc y c l es . 3 A n d i f hel ooktotheGrec i an
hi s tory b ew i l l f i n d thattheL y reof A pol l oatf i rs thad on l y three s tri n g s , b u tthey i n c reas ed ti l l
they am ou n ted to s ev en .
T heM u s es an d theCu retes al s oi n c reas ed as ti m e, ad v an c ed , ti l l they
g otton i n e, w hen theGreektem pl es w ered es troy ed .
T hey i n c reas ed as thec y c l es i n c reas ed i n
n u m b er.
I b el i ev ethatthrou g hou tal l theR om an Chri s ti an w orl d , theGos pel of S t
.J oac hi m w as re-
c ei v ed .
Vari ou s c i rc u m s tan c es c on v i n c em eof thi s . I n thel atteren d of the1 3 thc en tu ry w hen
theen d of thew orl d w as d ai l y ex pec ted , theM on ks i n c reas ed i n n u m b erb ey on d al l c red i b i l i ty ,
an d them os tv i ol en tc om m oti on s aros eam on g them
; b u t, how ev erthey m i g hthate
.on ean other,
'
M os hei m , H i s t .Cen t .x i i i
.S ec t . x x v i i i .
$ E ras m u s , L u ther, an d Cal v i n , had l i ttl ees teem f ortheA poc al y ps e .S t.J erom s ai th, ( E p .c x x i x .a d D ard an u m , )
thats om ec hu rc hes of theGreeks w ou l d n otac c epti t .Greg ory Nazi an zen has om i tted i ti n hi s poem ab ou tau then ti c
S c ri ptu re .T heCou n c i l of L aod i c ea, ( Can
. 59 , ) hel d ab ou t3 64 , g i v i n g al i s tof c an on i c al b ooks , hathl ef ti tou t
.
A m phi l oc u s , c on tem porary w i thS t
.Bas i l , s ai th, thatthou g hs om ei n s erted i ti n thel eg i ti m atew ri ti n g s , y etthem aj ori ty
d i d s l i g hti tas as pu ri ou s pi ec e
.Vi d e E
u s eb .E c c l .H i s t .L i b .i i i .Cap . x x v i i i ., al s oE c c l .H i s t .L i b .v i i .Cap .x x v .
D orotheu s , Bi s hop
of T y rean d aM arty r, ow n s thatS t
.J ohn w ri thi s g os pel atP atm os , b u t' n otaw ord of thi s b ook,
thou g hthef i rs tc hapterl ets u s kn ow thathew as i n thati s l ew hen hehad hi s v i s i on s
.- D i s c ou rs eon theL ord ' s - d ay , b y
R ev .T hom as M orer, 1 70 1 .
3 T he c an d l es ti c k .i n thetem pl ehad s ev en b ran c hes
.T heL am b of theA poc al y ps ehad s ev en horn s an d s ev en ey es ,
w hi c harethes ev en s pi ri ts of God , an d tw en ty - f ou rel d ers
.When thes i x s eal s areopen ed thes tars w i l l f al l ; that
i s ,
attheen d of the s i x
m i l l en ari es theM i l l en i u m w i l l
c om e. 1 4 4 , 0 0 0 pers on s w eres eal ed , 1 2 , 0 0 0 of eac htri b e.T he
m y s tery w i l l
b ef i n i s hed w hen thes ev en than g el b eg i n s tos ou n d
.T hen u m b erof theBeas ti s 666 .T hec i ty i s 1 2 , 0 0 0
f u rl on g s s qu are
; thew al l 1 4 4 c u b i ts .( R ev
.x x i .1 6, 1 7
.) I n c hap . x i v .1 , 1 4 4 , 0 0 0 i s ag ai n n am ed .T herei s ari v er
on eac hs i d e, atreeof l i f eb eari n g tw el v ef ru i ts , on eeac hm on th, an d them os trem arkab l ethi n g of al l i s , thatthe
L ord i s s ai d , c h .i i , v er .
8 , tohav eb een al s oc ru c
j ed i n E g y pt. I m u s tn ow requ es tm y read ertol ookb ac ktoBook
V ., an d he w i l l
n otthen b es u rpri s ed thatthec hron ol og y of thetri b eof A b raham orJ u d ahs hou l d c oi n c i d ew i th
thatof theH i n d oos ;
as i ti s v ery ev i d en tthes ec rethi s tori es
of thetw on ati on s arethes am e .
BookX.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 4

69 5
they al l j oi n ed i n s u pporti n g the ev an g el i u m etern u m
.
A n i n s tan c eof thi s m ay b ef ou n d i n the
w orks of S t.A m ou rw hi c hI hav en otb een ab l etos ee, f orthou g hheattac ked theM en d i c an t
ord ers w i ththeg reates tb i ttern es s , hef ou n d ed hi s proof s ag ai n s tthem on the ev erl as ti n g g os pel ;
heattac ked them w i ththei row n w eapon s .' T hereas on w hy w ehav ev ery l i ttl el ef tres pec ti n g
thi s g os pel i s tob ef ou n d i n thef ac tof i ts u n i v ers al rec epti on , f oral l parti es b ei n g equ al l y ex -
pos ed tori d i c u l ew hen thef ai l u reof theM i l l en i u m tookpl ac e, al l w ereequ al l y i n teres ted i n l et-
ti n g thes u b j ec td i ean d b ef org otten . Bu tI thi n ks u c has retai n ed an y of thed oc tri n es w ere
pers ec u ted as M an i c han an s
.
s
4 .A f terthed ev otees an d f ol l ow ers of then ew Gos pel , i n the1 3 thc en tu ry , had i n v ai n ex pec ted
the hol y on ew ho w as toc om e, they atl as tpi tc hed u pon S t .Fran c i s as hav i n g b een theex pec ted
on e, an d , of c ou rs e, them os ts u rpri s i n g an d ab s u rd m i rac l es w eres ai d tohav eb een perf orm ed b y
hi m .
S om eof thef an ati c s hav i n g an i n d i s ti n c ti d eaof thes ec retd oc tri n e
of ren ew ed i n c arn a-
ti on s , orl etti n g thei rkn ow l ed g eof thepri n c i pl eof ren ew ed i n c arn ati on s es c apei n theheatof
c on trov ers y , m ai n tai n ed thatS t .Fran c i s w as
a
w hol l y an d en ti rel y tran s f orm ed 3 i n tothepers on of
Q0 Chri s t- T otu m Chri s toc on f i g u ratu m . " 4 M os hei m s ay s , b y s om eof them theGos pel of J oa-
c hi m w as ex pres s l y pref erred totheGos pel of Chri s t . 5
T heGos pel of theH ol y Ghos t, ortheE v an g el i u m E tern u m of theb ookof J oac hi m , w as n ev er
c en s u red ori n an y w ay s u ppres s ed b y an y ac tof theP ope, b u ton l y thei n trod u c ti on toi t, w hi c h
d ed u c ed f rom i tthed ow n f al of theH ol y S ee .J ohn of P arm a, Gen eral of theFran c i s c an s , w how as
on eof them os tv i ol en t- of i ts s u pporters , has apl ac eam on g thes ai n ts i n theac tas an c toru m .
6
H e
pref erred theGos pel of J oac hi m tothatof Chri s t . Nothi n g c an b em oreerron eou s than there-
pres en tati on of D r .M ac l ai n e, thati tw as on l y s u pported b y af ew Fran c i s c an s , c al l ed s pi ri tu al s ,
w hen i tw as atl eas tf orm orethan hal f ac en tu ry s u pported b y thew hol eR om i s hChu rc h ;
how
m u c hl on g erI d on otkn ow .I ti s n ec es s ary c aref u l l y toav oi d f al l i n g i n tothem i s takeof s u ppos i n g ,
thatthos ew how roteag ai n s ttheM en d i c an tord ers w roteag ai n s ttheE v an g el i u m E tern u m , w hi c h
w as rec ei v ed b y them , f orthey had m an y ad v ers ari es w horec ei v ed theg os pel as eag erl y as they d i d .
A l l thes em atters s hew , w i ththeP opes , pol i c y , w i ththe c om m on
M on ks , f an ati c i s m . A s
m i g htb eex pec ted , am on g them on as ti c f an ati c s , w how eren oten tru s ted w i ththeH i g hS ec rets
of theCon c l av e, d i f f eren topi n i on s an d them os tv i ol en tc on trov ers i es aros e, eac hc l ai m i n g f orhi s
ow n ord erthec hi ef m eri ts of then ew g os pel . A f terac ertai n ti m ethi s pl ac ed theH ol y S eei n a
m os taw kw ard d i l em m a
. I tc ou l d n otc on d em n theg os pel w hi c hi thad s u pported , an d on w hi c h
i thad s of arrel i ed as tob el i ev ethat, atthec om m en c em en tof , ors om eti m ei n , thethi rteen th
c en tu ry , them i l l en i u m an d thec om pl eti on of theten c y c l es , orthec om pl eti on of thef am ou s
1 2 60 y ears , w ou l d arri v e . Bu taf terthef ai l u reof i ts prophec i es , theH ol y S eec ou l d n ol on g er
s u pporti t. I tc ou l d n otex pl ai n tothei n tem peratem on ks thereal s ec ret, an d i td i d n otl i keto
pers ec u te
; perhaps d i d n ot d are topers ec u tethel i g httroops of thec hu rc h- theu n i ted D om i -
n i c an , Fran c i s c an , an d A u g u s ti n i an M on ks , al l of w hom s u pported then ew g os pel .
1 M os hei m , H i s t.Cen t . x i i i .p .i i . S ec t .x x v i i i .

2
I b i d .S ec t .x x x v i i i .
3 T hew ord tran s f orm ed i s u s ed heretoc on c eal them etem ps y c hos i s an d ren ew ed i n c arn ati on .I thas the
s am e
m ean i n g as thew ord tran s f i g u red i n theg os pel s
.
Forparti c u l ars rel ati n g toS t .Fran c i s s eethew orks of Barthol om ew A l b i zi ord eA l b i zi s , parti c u l arl y thatc al l ed
L i b erc on f orm i tatu m S an c ti Fran c i s c i c u m Chri s to, Ven i c e, f ol . ; orA n ti qu i tates Fran c i s c an aes i v eS pec u l u m Vi tae
b ead Fran c i s c i etS oc i oru m , & c ., Col og n e, 1 62 3 ; al s othew orkof P eterof A l v aan d A s torg a, en ti tl ed Natu raeprod i -
g i u m , Grati aeporten tu m , & c ., M ad u ti , 1 651 , f ol .
4
Vi d eL i teraM ag i s troru m d eP os ti l l aFratri s P .J ob .Ol i v i i n Bal u zi i M i s c el l an .T om .I .p .2 1 3 ; Wad d i n g i A n n a] .
M i n or.T om . V .p .51 ; M os h.H i s t
.Cen t .XI I I
.P t . i i .
S ec t
.x x x v i .
S
I b i d .S ec t
.x x x i v .n ote
.

6 T om .I I I .M ard i , p .1 57.
69 6

S t .Fran c i s .I s hm ael i an s orA s s as s i n s

T heR ev .D r
.M ac l ai n es ay s , thattheE v an g el i u m E tern u m c on s i s ts ,
as prod u c ti on s of thatn a-
tu reg en eral l y d o ( how tru ean ob s erv ati on
! ) of am b i g u ou s pred i c ti on s an d i n tri c ateri d d l es .T hi s
i s w hatw em i g htex pec t
.A f teri thad b een pu b l i s hed s om eti m e, an d had rec ei v ed theg reates t
s u pportpos s i b l ef rom theP opes an d al l ord ers of M on ks , theFran c i s c an f an ati c
Gerhard pu b -
l i s hed thew orkc al l ed an i n trod u c ti on tothi s Gos pel , i n w hi c hhec en s u red thev i c es of the
Chu rc hof R om e, an d i n s etterm s prophes i ed ord ed u c ed f rom theE v an g el i u m E tern u m the
d es tru c ti on of theR om an S ee
.T hi s appeared i n they ear1 2 50 , c l os eu pon thel as tperi od to
w hi c htheM i l l en i u m c ou l d b ed el ay ed , v i z
.1 2 60 y ears .A s thi s d read ed m om en tapproac hed ,
thepas s i on s of thed i f f eren tord ers of M on ks w ereex c i ted totheg reates thei g ht . Gerhard ' s
b ookw as b u rn tan d i ts au thorw as pers ec u ted , thou g hhi s f ol l ow ers , am on g theFran c i s c an s ,
c l ai m f orhi m theg i f tof prophec y , an d pl ac ehi m am on g thes ai n ts
. T hef ol l ow ers of S t
.Fran c i s
g en eral l y - theg reats u pporters of then ew g os pel - an d Gerhard m ai n tai n ed ,
thathe, S t.Fran c i s ,
w how as thean g el m en ti on ed i n theR ev el ati on s ,
c h .x i v .6, had prom u l g ated tothew orl d thetru e
an d E v erl as ti n g Gos pel of God :
thattheGos pel of Chri s tw as tob eab rog ated i n they ear
1 2 60 ,
an d tog i v epl ac etothi s n ew an d ev erl as ti n g g os pel , w hi c hw as tob es u b s ti tu ted i n i ts room : an d
thatthem i n i s ters of thi s g reatref orm ati on w eretob ehu m b l ean d b aref ooted f ri ars , d es ti tu teof al l
w orl d l y em ol u m en ts .' T hi s w as s tri ppi n g of f thev ei l an d s hew i n g them ean i n g of theetern al
g os pel w i thou td i s g u i s e .
I tex c i ted them os tl i v el y f eel i n g s of s u rpri s e, of hope, orof i n d i g n a-
ti on , ac c ord i n g as i ts u i ted oroppos ed theopi n i on s of thed i f f eren tf an ati c s
.T heP oped i d n ot
ac c ord i n g totheu s u al pl an
.b u rn theau thor, theb ookon l y w as b u rn t, an d i ts au thorm i l d l y c en -
s u red
an d b an i s hed tohi s hou s ei n thec ou n try
. T hi s tookpl ac ei n they ear1 2 55, w hen thepar-
ti es , ex pec tan ts of theM i l l en i u m , m u s thav eb een i n thehi g hes ts tateof f earan d an x i ety .
T hey ear1 2 60 arri v ed an d pas s ed aw ay
; b u t, w on d erf u l ! thes u n d i d n otc eas etog i v ei ts
l i g ht ; them oon an d thes tars d i d n otf al l f rom heav en ; n othi n g parti c u l arhappen ed ; thepi ou s
f ool s s tared on eatan other, an d thei m pi ou s rog u es l au g hed
. T heP opean d Card i n al s atR om e,
hal f rog u es hal f f ool s , an d thef ool s ev ery w hereel s e, f i n d i n g them s el v es al l i n thew ron g , s oon
b eg an toc harg ethef ol l y u pon on ean other, an d as they had qu arrel l ed b ef orew hos hou l d d i s pl ay
them os tzeal f orthe n ew
g l ad - ti d i n g s , they n ow b eg an toqu arrel ab ou tw hos hou l d b earthe
b l am e- eac hs hu f f l i n g theod i u m on tos om eother . D r.M ac l ai n e, f eel i n g theex trem ed eg reeof
ri d i c u l ei n w hi c hthew hol ethi n g i n v ol v es thec hu rc h, an d n otu n d ers tan d i n g thetru thi n the
s l i g htes td eg ree, orn ots u s pec ti n g thati thad an y c on n ex i on w i ththeM i l l en i u m , i n en d eav ou ri n g
tothrow thew hol eb l am eon an ob s c u res m al l s ec tof Fran c i s c an s , on l y ex pos es hi s u n av ai l i n g
w i s hes an d c on trad i c ti on s . H ean d M os hei m hav ec l earl y prov ed the g reat an d , i n d eed , I m ay
al m os ts ay , the u n i v ers al rec epti on of theE v erl as ti n g Gos pel
. A f ters om eti m e, thef an ati c s
hav i n g , b y d eg rees , c eas ed topreac h, an d theP opes tos u pport, then ew g os pel , theol d g os pel s
rec ov ered thei rc red i t, an d thef ri en d s of then ew on ed i ed aw ay , orw ereb u rn tas they c am eto
b ec on s i d ered hereti c s .Wem u s tn otf org etthattheex ac tperi od w hen the1 2 60 y ears of D an i el
w eretoc om m en c ew as al w ay s , as i ty eti s , am atter
of g reatd ou b tw i thd ev otees :
an d i ts eem s
pretty c l ear, thati n theen c ou rag em en tof S t .Fran c i s orof theGos pel of J oac hi m , theP opew en t
u pon thei d eathattheten thav atarw as toc om m en c eattheen d of 1 2 60 y ears , n ottoen d atthat
ti m e . A tal l ev en ts , u n c ertai n ty i s i n thev ery n atu reof thec as e, an d i tappears v ery prob ab l e
thatthec ou rtof R om een d eav ou red tog u ard ag ai n s tw hatev erm i g hthappen
.T hi s w as ex ac tl y
i n c harac terw i ththeA rab i c i n s c ri pti on on thec hai r
.
I ti s v ery c u ri ou s toob s erv e, thatthi s g os pel i s n ow s oc om pl etel y f org otten orc on c eal ed , that
A n d , I hav el i ttl ed ou b t, al on g w i ththi s , theS pen c ean d oc tri n eof equ al i ty of property am on g al l i ts v otari es .
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 4

69 7
therei s n otthrou g hou tE u ropeon ei n athou s an d , of c om m on l y w el l - ed u c ated pers on s , w ho
kn ow s thatthereev erw as s u c hag os pel
;
thou g hi ti s v ery c ertai n thati f , w i thou rpres en tm y s -
ti c s , the1 2 60 y ears had b een f oretol d toen d i n 1 8 60 , i n s tead of 1 2 60 y ears af terChri s t, thew hol e
rel i g i on of theChri s ti an w orl d m i g hthav eb een c om pl etel y c han g ed , an d an ew g os pel w ou l d hav e
b een rec ei v ed , an d , i n S t .J oac hi m orS t .Fran c i s , w es hou l d hav ehad ari v al of P au l ,
an other
apos tl eb orn ou tof d u es eas on
.
I f w el ookb ac ktothehi s tory of thew orl d i n thef i f than d s i x th
c en tu ri es , w es hal l f i n d thattheM on ks i n thatd ay s w arm ed al m os tb ey on d c red i b i l i ty
.T hi s ,
l i kethei ri n c reas ei n theel ev en than d tw el f thc en tu ri es , aros ef rom theex pec tati on of theM i l -
l en i u m ab ou tthey ear60 0 , an d I hav en od ou b tthatthou s an d s of theord er, al i ttl el ater, j oi n ed
thearm i es of theprophetof A rab i a
.A f tertheti m ef i x ed f ortheM i l l en i u m toc om m en c ehad
pas s ed aw ay , i tappears thatv ari ou s w ri ti n g s , c al l ed theGos pel of J oac hi m ,
w erehan d ed ab ou t
I tal y , b u teac hof them d en i ed , b y theP api s ts orM on ks , tob ethe real g os pel
. T hi s w as d on ei n
ord ertoen ab l ethem toparry theri d i c u l etow hi c hi tan d they w ereex pos ed , b y s ay i n g , i n eac h
c as e, thati tw as n otthereal b ook .On thi s ac c ou n ti tw ou l d b ei m pos s i b l etom akeou tthereal
g os pel i f i tw erew orthan y pers on ' s trou b l etoattem pti t, w hi c hI thi n ki tc an hard l y b e
.
A l i ttl eti m eag oI ob s erv ed thatM r
.M os hei m had s ai d , thattheE v an g el i u m E tern u m w as i n
f as hi on orw as rec ei v ed f orm orethan thi rty y ears
.Nod ou b tthi s g os pel hi s tory i s as d i s ag ree-
ab l etoM os hei m as tothepri es ts of m os tothers ec ts , b u thehad toom u c hpri n c i pl eortoom u c h
reg ard tohi s ow n f am etos u ppres s thehi s tory
:
y ethes of ten s an d d i s g u i s es w herei ti s i n hi s
pow er . I ti s tru e, as hes ay s , thati tw as rec ei v ed f orm orethan thi rty y ears , f ori tw as preac hed
( I d on ots peakhereof i ts b ei n g w ri tten ) b ef oretheen d of thetw el f thc en tu ry ( how l on g b ef oreI
d on otkn ow ) , an d thei n trod u c ti on toi t
;
an d theex pl an ati on of Gerhard , thou g hg ros s l y l i b el -
ou s on theR om an S ee, w as n otb u rn tti l l they ear1 2 56, w hi c hs hew s i ttohav eb een preac hed
f orm orethan f i f ty y ears atl eas t
; s othatb ef oretheChu rc hc on s en ted tob u rn Gerhard ' s b ookan d
i n f l i c tthed read f u l pu n i s hm en ton hi m , ( how d i f f eren tf rom i ts g en eral treatm en tof hereti c s
! ) of
s en d i n g hi m tohi s f am i l y res i d en c ef rom P ari s , i tprob ab l y m ad ei ts el f c ertai n thattheg reatex -
pec ted ev en tw ou l d n othappen ac c ord i n g tothei rrec kon i n g i n they ear1 2 60
.
A f tertheex pec tati on of theM i l l en i u m had en ti rel y pas s ed aw ay , an d thepow erof theS arac en s
s eem ed toi n c reas e, theP opes b ec am em orethan ev erem b i ttered ag ai n s ttheM oham ed an s , an d
equ al l y f u ri ou s ag ai n s tal l w hos u pported an y thi n g rel ati n g tothen ow b ec om eob s ol eteGn os ti c
orCy c l i c d oc tri n es , ortheex pec tati on of aM i l l en i u m
.T hi s ac c ou n ts , i n av ery s ati s f ac tory
m an n er, f orthezeal of theP opes u ptoac ertai n ti m ef orthen ew g os pel , an d thei rb i ttern es s
af terw ard tow ard s theT em pl ars an d theA l b i g en s es , am on g w hom s om erem n an ts of thes es u per-
s ti ti on s rem ai n ed .T hepec u l i arc i rc u m s tan c ethatag reatpartof thes ed oc tri n es w as n ec es s a-
ri l y i n v ol v ed i n theg reates tob s c u ri ty , an d kepts ec retw i ththeg reates tpos s i b l ec are, b ei n g , i n
f ac t, thees oteri c d oc tri n e, ac c ou n ts f orm an y of theapparen tl y i n c on s i s ten tc i rc u m s tan c es w hi c h
w eev ery w herem eetw i th .I teas i l y ac c ou n ts f orthem al l .
T herec an b en od ou b tthatthead orati on of theM ari a, theR eg i n aCc c l i , them otherof God ,
ex i s ted b ef oreChri s ti an i ty
.Bu ti tw as b rou g htf orw ard i n tom oren oti c eaf terac ertai n ti m ei n
oppos i ti on toM oham ed , an d I c an n otm u c hd ou b tthati tw as on thi s ac c ou n tad opted pec u l i arl y
b y theord ers of kn i g hthood : f ortherel i g i on of M oham ed w as u tterl y oppos ed toev ery thi n g
w hi c hhad thel eas tten d en c y tothead orati on of the f em al epri n c i pl e orl on i s m .T hi s has g i v en
c ou n ten an c etotheas s erti on of P rotes tan ts thati td i d n otc om ei n totheR om i s hChu rc hti l l
ab ou ttheei g hthc en tu ry , c om parati v el y s peaki n g arec en tperi od .Bu tthey hav ef al l en i n tothi s
m i s take, f rom thei rzeal tom akei tou ttob eam od ern c orru pti on , f eari n g thati f they ad m i tted
i ts an ti qu i ty , they w ou l d prov ei ttob ean i n teg ral partof Chri s ti an i ty .T heb l ac kv i rg i n s an d
Bam b i n os of I tal y aref arol d erthan Chri s ti an i ty
.Forthes ereas on s theCarm el i tes , theg reat
69 8
Gi b l i m
f ri en d s of theVi rg i n M ary , thef em al eg en erati v epow eri n oppos i ti on tothem al e, w ereb rou g ht
f orw ard i n apec u l i arm an n erb y theP opes , an d b ec am ethei rf av ou ri tes tos oab s u rd al en g th,
thatthos eP opes c ou n ten an c ed thed oc tri n e, thatev ery pers on w hod i ed w i ththes c apu l ary of the
ord eron hi s s hou l d ers w as c ertai n of etern al s al v ati on
.'
A s w ehav es een , theg ran d reas on w hi c hc au s ed theCru s ad es w as theex pec tati on of theM i l -
l en i u m ;
thed es i retob epres en tatJ eru s al em , attheg ran d d ay w hen theS on of M an s hou l d
c om ei n hi s g l ory - theg reatd ay of God A l m i g hty
.H erew ehav ethereal reas on of theCru -
s ad es
.T hew i s htoprotec taf ew pi l g ri m s , w as b u tav ery s m al l partof thec au s ew hi c hm ov ed
them i l l i on s totheH ol y L an d
.
T herei s ab ookref erred tob y D r
.M ac l ai n ec al l ed the
A L COR A ND E S COR D E L I E R S , w hi c h
s pew s , I thi n k, 2
thatS t.Fran c i s w as s etu pb y hi s f ol l ow ers as the
ten th
A v atar i n oppos i ti on to
M oham ed .
A tal l ev en ts i tc ertai n l y i s d es i g n ed tos hew , thathew as i n ten d ed tos u pers ed e
J es u s Chri s t
.
E v ery s ec tof rel i g i on i s ts rec ei v i n g them i l l en ary s y s tem b el i ev ed them s el v es tob e
thef av ou ri tes of God , theref ore, of c ou rs e, they b el i ev ed thattheten thav atarw ou l d appearam on g
them ;
they w eretheref oreread y toc atc hatan y ex traord i n ary pers on as hew hom they ex pec ted -
as hew how as thed es i reof al l n ati on s . T hu s w ehav es ev eral n i n thav atars , an d s ev eral ten th
av atars ru n n i n g atthes am eti m ei n d i f f eren tpl ac es
.
I n f orm erparts of thi s w orkw ehav es een thattheJ ew i s hpatri arc hs w eres ai d tohav ehad
thei ri m ag es i n thetem pl eatM ec c ab ef oretheti m eof M oham ed , al on g w i than ef f i g y of aD ov e,
w hi c hM oham ed hi m s el f d es troy ed .
T hi s s eem s v ery s i n g u l ar .
Wehav es een al s ow hathas b een
s ai d of theI s hm ael i tes hav i n g b rou g htthel an g u ag e, atthatti m ethes am eas theJ ew i s horChal -
d ean , f rom them ou n tai n s of U pperI n d i a . Wehav eal s os een thattheBrahm i n s c ou n tM oham ed
am on g thei n c arn ati on s , ad m i thi m tohav eb een aVi c ram ad i ty aorahol y en erg y , ( as Col
.T od
w ou l d s ay , ) an d thatthey f orm erl y f requ en ted an d m ad epi l g ri m ag es tothetem pl eatM ec c a.
M ay n otM oham ed hav eb een m erel y aD ei s ti c al ref orm erof am y thos , thes am eas thatof the
A f g han s of U pperI n d i a, c orru pted b y hi s s u c c es s ors ? T heK oran , f org ed tw en ty y ears af terhi s
d eath, of f ers n oi m ped i m en ttothi s
.
Orm ay n otM oham ed hav eb een an n ou n c ed b y hi m s el f as
theten thav atar, an d theK oran am ad e- u parti c l e, partl y i n v en ted an d partl y f orm ed f rom the
m em ori es of hi s f ol l ow ers , of s u c hs peec hes as hed el i v ered atd i f f eren tti m es an d they rem em -
b ered , m erel y tod ec ei v ethev u l g ar, tow hom thes ec retm y thos w as n ev ertru s ted i n an y c ou n try ,
an d w hi c hw as n ev erkn ow n ti l l i tg otou tb y d eg rees
. 3
T hi s w i l l b ef ou n d tob ei n perf ec t
keepi n g w i ththes ec retd oc tri n eof hi s rel i g i on , w hi c hI s hal l ex pl ai n b y an d b y
. T heab ov e
theory res pec ti n g theK oran i s v ery n earl y ac c ord an tw i ththehi s tory w hi c hw ehav e
. T hati t
s hou l d b ef org otten s i n c ethef ai l u reof theM i l l en i u m i s n ow ay s u rpri s i n g .
5
.I n theWes tern partof A s i ai n theb eg i n n i n g of thetw el f thc en tu ry , thes ec torrel i g i ou s
tri b ec al l ed I s hm ael i an s orBatten i an s orA s s as s i n s b eg an tob en oti c ed .
M an y pers on s hav e
attem pted , an d s om earen ow attem pti n g , thei rhi s tory , w hi c hi s i n ahi g hd eg reed i f f i c u l tan d
m y s teri ou s ;
b u tthen u m b erof thes ehi s tori an s s hew s , thatthey hav en on eof them y etg i v en
s ati s f ac ti on . A s u s u al i n c as es of thi s ki n d , thereports of theen em i es of thes epeopl e, al m os t
w i thou td i s c ri m i n ati on , hav eb een rec ei v ed as hi s tori c al ev i d en c eb y thos ew hohav eu n d ertaken
' S eethew orkof Ben ed i c tXI V .D eFes ti s B
.M ari an
Vi rg
.L i b .i i .Cap .v i .p.4 72 , T om .X.opp . ed i t . R om .M o-
s hei m , Cen t . XI I I . P arti i .
Y
T om . 1 .pp .2 56, 2 66, 2 78 , & c . ; L u c . Wad d i n g i A n n al es M i n or .
T om .I I I .p .3 8 0 ; M os h.H i s t .Cen t . XI I I . P art
i i Ch . x x x .
3 I t i s av ery s i n g u l arc i rc u m s tan c ethatn oton e
of thef ou rg reatteac hers of thed oc tri n eof Wi s d om i n theWes tern
w orl d , S oc rates , P y thag oras , J es u s , orM oham ed , l ef tan y m em ori al of hi s ex i s ten c eorof hi s d oc tri n es i n w ri ti n g .
BookX
.ChapterVI . S ec ti on 5

69 9
tog i v eu s an ac c ou n tof them .
T hi s ren d ers al l thes ehi s tori es d ou b tf u l toaphi l os opherw ho
u n d ers tan d s thev al u eof ev i d en c ean d c hoos es toatten d toi t
.
T hec as ei s v ery d i f f i c u l t, f or
w ehav es c arc el y an y otherd oc u m en ts than thos ereports tores ortto
.
I f l atterm y s el f thati t
w i l l b ei n m y pow ertoc as taray of l i g hton thi s ob s c u res u b j ec t
. Bu tthes ev eri ty of m y ru l ei n
c as es c on n ec ted w i threl i g i on of s c arc el y ev ertaki n g thetes ti m on y of an oppon en t, w i thou ti t
hav es om eothers u pport, as c on c l u s i v e, w i l l red u c eou rkn ow l ed g eof them , as thes am eru l e
red u c es thehi s tory of M oham ed , toav ery s m al l c om pas s
.
I b el i ev etherei s n otas i n g l ew ri tten
d oc u m en tof theI s hm ael i tes i n ex i s ten c e
.T hey w ereequ al l y atw arw i ththeM oham ed an Ca-
l i phs , theChri s ti an s , an d theJ ew s
.T hey aren ow n earl y ex ti n c t . I thi n kI c an s hew how thi s
al l aros e .
T hey s eem aton eti m etohav eb een c on s i d ered i n S y ri aw i ththes am eki n d of horror
w i thw hi c hthei m ag i n ary v am pi res w erec on s i d ered
i n
Germ an y f orm erl y , an d prob ab l y ahorror
n otm u c hb etterf ou n d ed .
I f w em ay b el i ev etheA rab i an hi s tori an s them u rd ers w hi c hthey c om -
m i tted w erei n n u m erab l e .
Bu tev ery f i reorrob b ery s eem s , w i thou td i s c ri m i n ati on , tohav eb een
attri b u ted tothem
.Of s om eof thec ri m es w i thw hi c hthey hav eb een c harg ed they hav eb een
prov ed i n n oc en t, an d i ts eem s n oti m prob ab l e, thatthei rn am ehas b een u s ed as av ery c on -
v en i en tc ov eru n d erw hi c htheg ov ern ors of theA rab i an tow n s m i g htrev en g ethem s el v es w i th
i m pu n i ty on thei ren em i es .
M
.Qu aterm ere, f rom an an on y m ou s P ers i an au thor, s ay s , thatthey c al l ed them s el v es
P arti s an s
d el as ec tequ i c on d u i td an s l ed roi tc hem i n ,
an d M i rkon d c al l s them L es S ec tateu rs d eBab on
.
A b ou tthes am eti m e, atl eas ti n thes am eCy c l e, w hen S t
.Fran c i s w as s etu pb y theCor-
d el i ers f orthel as tm an i f es tati on of God on earth, prev i ou s totheM i l l en i u m , thes eA s s as s i n s w ere
f i rs tn oti c ed i n theWes tern w orl d w i ththei rc hi ef H akem ' Bem ri l l ahorH akem - b i am r- al l ah,
w how as hel d u pi n S y ri af orthes am epers on .
H ew as s ai d ]BYH I S FOL L OWE R S tob e T H E
T E NT H A VA T A R ,
or, as I s u ppos e, i n c arn ati on , an d , as I hav es ai d , thef ou n d erof w hathi s en em i es
c al l ed theA s s as s i n s . H i s i d eas of God w erev ery ref i n ed
. T hef i rs tof thec reatu res of God , the
on l y prod u c ti on
i m m ed i ateof hi s pow er, w as the i n tel l i g en c eu n i v ers el l e,
w hi c hs hew ed i ts el f at
eac hof them an i f es tati on s of theD i v i n i ty on earth
; thatb y m ean s of thi s m i n i s teral l c reatu res
w erem ad e, an d hew as theM ed i atorb etw een God an d m an . T hey c al l ed them s el v es
U n i tari an s .
T hi s i n tel l i g en c eu n i v ers el l ei s ev i d en tl y theL og os , R as i t, orA px ' J orBu d d haorM rl - ri s of w hi c h
w ehav es een s om u c h . I n thed oc tri n eof theten i n c arn ati on s , an d thatH akem w as theten th,
an d i n the
i n tel l i g en c eu n i v ers el l e, w ehav ethec om pl eteproof of thereal i ty of thes y s tem w hi c h
I hav eb een d ev el opi n g an d trac i n g throu g hthes i x thou s an d y ears f rom thef i rs tof them
. I t
c om pl etes m y proof s i f an y w erew an ted
. I tw as n otd i s c ov ered b y m eti l l m orethan hal f thi s
v ol u m ew as pri n ted .
I thi n ki ts eem s prob ab l ethatthef ol l ow ers of Bem ri l l ahw ereori g i n al l y ad orers of T au ru s or
theCal f orCal v es , w hi c hthey c on ti n u ed tom i x w i ththeotherd oc tri n es of Bu d d ha, an d that
af terH akem ' s d eaththey retu rn ed tothes u pers ti ti on of thei ran c es tors , av ery l i kel y ef f ec tto
f ol l ow am on g an i g n oran tpeopl e, w hen thed i s appoi n tm en tof theex pec ted M i l l en i u m happen ed
.
I hav el i ttl ed ou b tthattheT em pl ars w eref ol l ow ers of thi s Bem ri l l ah
. M u c hc u ri ou s m atter
res pec ti n g thes epeopl e, u n d erthen am eof D ru s es , m ay b ef ou n d i n the3 rd Vol .of theT ran s ac -
ti on s of theA c ad em y of I n s c ri pti on s , A n .1 8 1 8 , an d i n m y Cel ti c D ru i d s .
' T hew ord H akem
i s
n othi n g b u tthew ord = n n hkm w hi c hm ean s
w i s e. A l l phy s i c i an s i n theE as tarec al l ed
H akem
.T hi s m an w as b el i ev ed tob etheten thi n c arn ati on of D i v i n eWi s d om
; an otherS ol om on , w hoI am per-
s u ad ed w as an i n c arn ati on
of
theR as i t
.I f thi s I s hm ael i tehad n otc l ai m ed tob es om ethi n g m orethan c om m on , the
w ord H akem m i g hthav eb een c on s i d ered m erel y ati tl eof hon ou r
.I ti s c u ri ou s toob s erv ehow c on s tan tl y thei n c ar-
n ati on of theWi s d om oc c u rs
.
70 0
Gi b l i m
T hereas on w hy w ehav es u c hahorri b l ei d eaof them an of them ou n tai n an d of theA s s as s i n s
i s , as I hav es ai d b ef ore, b ec au s eou ri n f orm an ts , as u s u al i n rel i g i ou s m atters , takethei rac c ou n ts
f rom theen em i es of thepers on s of w hom they w ri te, f rom pers on s b l i n d ed b y b i g otry an d hatred
tothei ren em i es tos u c han ex c es s , as tothi n ki tm eri tori ou s toprac ti s ean y f rau d toi n j u re
them .
Of theol d m an of them ou n tai n an d hi s s ec tors oc i ety of A s s as s i n s , ahi s tory has l atel y b een
w ri tten b y M r .Von H am m er, of Vi en n a, w hohas f rom hi s c om m an d of b ooks an d kn ow l ed g eof
l an g u ag es ev ery requ i s i tequ al i f i c ati on , on eex c epted ,
tou n rav el them y s tery w hi c hs u rrou n d s
them , b u tu n f ortu n atel y thew an ti n g qu al i f i c ati on i s i n d i s pen s ab l e- an
en l arg ed an d u n prej u d i c ed
m i n d . H ew as theau thors om ey ears ag oof atreati s e, i n theM i n es d e) ' Ori en t, c al l ed
M y s l eri u m
Baphem ati s rev el atu m ,
b u tw hi c hw as i n real i ty atreati s eon theK n i g hts T em pl ars , i n w hi c hthe
s am ei l l i b eral an d n arrow m i n d i s d i s pl ay ed as i n thi s hi s tory .
Bes i d es , therei s s om ereas on to
b el i ev ethatb ei s m erel y pl ay i n g ag am etopl eas ehi s en l i g hten ed m as terthel ead en - head ed E m -
perorof A u s tri a .Bu tc ertai n f ac ts m ay b eg l ean ed f rom hi s w orkw hi c hareof i m portan c e
. I t
i s v ery c ertai n thattheI s hm ael i an s ors oc i ety of A s s as s i n s i s aM oham ed an s ec t
; thati tw as at
on c eb otham i l i tary an d rel i g i ou s as s oc i ati on , l i ketheT em pl ars an d T eu ton i c K n i g hts
;
an d that,
l i ketheJ es u i ts , i thad i ts m em b ers s c attered ov erex ten s i v ec ou n tri es
. I tw as al i n kw hi c hc on -
n ec ted an c i en tan d m od ern Free- m as on ry .
A m an c al l ed H as s an S ab ahi s s ai d tohav ef i rs tf ou n d ed thed y n as ty of A s s as s i n s , w hi c hc on -
ti n u ed f ors ev en orei g htg en erati on s , i n 1 0 9 0 , atA l m aw tortheE ag l es ' n es t, b etw een Cazv i n
an d Gi l an . H ew as c al l ed S hei khal J eb al orc hi ef orel d erof them ou n tai n s
.' S ab am ean s
w i s d om , as I s hal l pres en tl y s hew .
T hu s w ehav eH as s an thew i s e an d Bem ri l l ah
thew i s e . 2
T heA s s as s i n s s eem tohav es hew n them s el v es totheWes tern w ri ters ab ou tthes am eti m ei n
tw opl ac es ;
on eparty c on s i s ted of theI s hm ael i an s f rom theNorth- eas t, u n d erH akem Bem r- i l l ah,
an d theotheru n d erH as s an S ab a, Cal i phof E g y pt
; an d I thi n k, i f therew as an y s eparati on
b etw een thel ead ers , i ti s prob ab l ethatthei rf ol l ow ers u n i ted
.
A n d i f thi s w erethec as ew e
s hou l d hav etw oM oham ed an ten thav atars ;
b u tthi s i s n otqu i tec l ear .
A c c ord i n g totheI s h-
m ael i tes of theE as tthei n c arn ati on d es c en d ed i n thes am em an n eras i td oes i n theL am aof
T i b et. Bu tH as s an S ab a, i ti s ex pres s l y s tated , c l ai m ed tob e
theten th
i n c arn ati on .
T hepri n -
c i pal w as c al l ed S hei kh- el - J E BE L , of w hi c hM r
.H am m ers ay s , theL ati n
Fetu s d eM on tei s
a
f ai rtran s l ati on ,
Now thi s i s av ery c u ri ou s c orru pti on orex am pl eof ad ev i s ed d ou b l em ean i n g
.
T hew ord J eb el tran s l ated m ou n ti s theH eb rew w ord
5m g b l , an d m ean s
Cab al a or trad i ti on of
Wi s d om , an d
w as then am eg i v en toam ou n ti n P al es ti n e, w hi c hw as thu s them ou n tof the
trad i ti on orCab al a, w hen c ethew ord Gi b el c am etohav ethem ean i n g ortob etran s l ated am ou n t
.
I ti s of ten c al l ed Gi b l i m - v erb u m s api en ti
.T hu s hew as n ottheol d m an orthef atherof the
m ou n ton l y , b u tof the trad i ti on of Wi s d om
ord oc tri n es han d ed d ow n b y trad i ti on .
D ' 53 1 Gb l i m , D ru m m on d s ay s ,

w erem as ter
M as on s , w hopu t thef i n i s hi n g han d totheT em pl e
~ ~ of S ol om on ." 3 I n I K i n g s v
.1 8 , thew ord i n ou rtran s l ati on ren d ered s ton es qu arers , i s
D ' ?
Gb l i m . T hi s theL XX .ren d er Bu s ; a: oi .
T hi s i s s ai d tom ean m en of By b l os
. T hi s i s n am ed
E zek.x x v i i .9 . 4 By b l os w as thec i ty of theBi b l eortheBook
; w hi c hc on tai n ed i n thel an g u ag e
of parab l etheCab al a, or ~ = g b l orc hi . T hes ew eretheM as on s w hol i v ed atthi s tow n , an d I
d ares ay m i g htb etheoperati v es w hof i n i s hed thetem pl e, of w hom I hav etreated i n Bk
.VI I I .
'
Ou s el ey , S i rW.,
T ran s .S oc .L i t.Vol .I I .p .2 2 .
S eeD u l au re' s H i s t
.of P ari s , T om eVI I I .pp
.8 7,
9 0 , & c .
3 Ori g .Vol .I I I .p .1 9 2 .

4
M au n d rel ' s T rav el s , p.4 5.
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 6

70 1
Chap
.I V.S ec t .1 .Wem u s tal s oob s erv ethatof w hatev erag ethepri n c i pal of theA s s as s i n s
m i g htb e, heal w ay s b orethen am eof ol d
m an ,
w hi c hw as ati tl eg i v en toBu d d ha, i n I n d i aan d
S c otl an d
.I n f ac t, i tw as on l y aS ag a, S ag ax orS ag e .T hetru ec harac terof thi s n am eChri s ti an
w ri ters d i s g u i s eb y thed es i g n ati on ol d m an .
T hu s w ehav ehereaten thav atard es c en d i n g , l i ketheL am aof T i b et, f rom theE as t, an d a
ten thav atari n l i kem an n eri n E g y pt, i n H as s an , f rom w hom theI l l u m i n ati ared es c en d ed
. T he
I s hm ael i an s s eem toc l ai m tob ethes am eas theI m au m s of P ers i a, an d M r .H am m er, I thi n k,
g i v es u s reas on tob el i ev ethattheK oran w as hel d toc on tai n as ec retd oc tri n e, an d thatM o-
ham ed i s m w as , i n thi s res pec t, l i keChri s ti an i ty , ( " w hi c hw as i n i ts ori g i n a s ec ret s oc i ety ; " ' ) a
f ac t, as I hav eb ef oreob s erv ed , w hi c hw as m ai n tai n ed b y theM oham ed an w ri terA v i c en n a- a
f ac tof w hi c hI hav en od ou b t, an d ad oc tri n ew hi c hI s hal l pres en tl y ex pl ai n .
I hav en od ou b tw hatev erthatM oham ed w as c on s i d ered , i n hi s d ay , as theten thav atar
: an d
ag ai n i n theti m eof S al ad i n an d H akem Bem ri l l ah, thatthey w ereeac hs oc on s i d ered
2
b y thei r
f ol l ow ers , an d as s u c hw erec on s i d ered b y Chri s ti an s ei theras A n ti c hri s ts , or, as J oac hi m of Cal a-
b ri ai n f orm ed R i c hard thef i rs t, thel as thead of theb eas t, thei m m ed i atef oreru n n erof A n ti c hri s t
- an d of c ou rs e, as J oac hi m w ou l d tel l hi m , ahead tob ec u tof f b y hi m . 3 Wew i l l n ow en d ea-
v ou rtof i n d them ean i n g of thew ord A s s as s i n s .
6
.D u rets ay s , Chas c hed d i m , qu i es t a d i rel en om d eChal d ees , s on s 1 ' appel l ati on d u qu el s on t
c om pri s es tarten g en kral qu es pec i al tou tes l es s ec ts d es s ag es d eBab y l on n e, s i g n i f i eproprem en t,
etparti c u l i krem en td an s i c el u y D an i el au d i red eS .H i eros m eu n g en red ' hom m es , qu el ev u l g ai re
d es L ati n s appel l een l an g u eL ati n M athkm ati c os , etGen ethl i ac os , M athem ati c i en s etGen eth-
l i aqu es .
H epres en tl y ad d s , P hi l on J u i f au l i v
.d ' A b raham en parl een c es m ots . 4
Wehav e
f ou n d thes eChas d i n s orCas i d ean s i n thec ou n try of Cal i d a
.I b el i ev ethey w eref ol l ow ers of the
hol y L am b thattaketh
aw ay
thes i n s of thew orl d , of thec ol l eg eof
s tt1 3
ks b
or
ri w
s e a l am b .
H erew es ee, D u rets ay s , theChal d ean s w erec al l ed
M athem ati c i , an ob s erv ati on w hi c hw i l l
pres en tl y b ef ou n d of m u c hc on s equ en c e
.D u rets ay s , Chas c hed d i m i s
D ti t
c s d u m , w i thv ow el s
c as ed i m . 3
T heChas - c hi s d i m w eretheChal d ean s orA s s ac en i , orA s s ac an i n am ed b y R en n el l . 6
T he
w ]
ks o r
' - I c ) 2 ks d i ,
theChas d i m or s i d i
v 3 ks w erehol y n u m erators orc al c u l ators .Ci c ero
s ay s , thatChal d ean i m pl i es S ab zean . 7 Bu tI s hal l pres en tl y s pew thatthew ord S ab am ean s
w i s d om .
T hew ord Chal d ean s i s s ai d tob eac orru pti on of thew ord Chas d i m , an d thi s i s m os tc l earl y
thes am eas theCol i d a, an d Col c hi d a, an d Col c hi s , of A s i a, an d as theCol i d ei , an d Cu l d ees of
S c otl an d .Now al l thi s , an d thec i rc u m s tan c es rel ati n g totheChal d ees , of ten c al l ed M athem ati c i ,
totheA s s as s i n s , theT em pl ars , M an i c haean s , & c ., b ei n g c on s i d ered , then am eof theA s s as s i n s or
H as s es s i n s orA s s an i tes orChas i en s
s
or
A l c has c hi s c hi n w i l l n otb ethou g htu n l i kel y tob eac or-
ru pti on of Chas d i m , an d tom ean Chal d ees orCu l d ees - Cu l d ees atYork, ac ertai n c l as s n oti c ed
i n m y Cel ti c D ru i d s - an d thatthey w erec on n ec ted w i ththeT em pl ars
.When theA rab i c em -
phati c arti c l e
A L i s taken f rom thi s hard w ord A I - c has c hi s c hi n i ti s Chas - thi s - c hi n
.T heA s s as -
s i n s w ereal s oc al l ed D ru s es orD ru i s ean s
:
i n m y Cel ti c D ru i d s I hav e
prov ed thes eD ru s es tob e
b othD ru i d s an d Cu l d ees
.I n al l ac c ou n ts of theA s s as s i n s they ares ai d al s otohav eex i s ted i n
theE as ti n c on s i d erab l en u m b ers
.T hey areal s os tated tohav eb een f ou n d n u m erou s b y B
.D e
T u d el a, n otv ery f arf rom S am arc an d orBal k- w hereheal s od es c ri b es m an y g reattri b es of
' Forei g n Qu arterl y R ev i ew , No
.I I .p .4 71 .

s
Ni m rod , Vol .I I I .p .4 9 3 .
3 Ni m rod , Vol .I .

4 Ori g .d es L an g . p.3 2 9 .

S eeD u ret, p
.3 2 8 .
6 M em .p .1 1 6.

'
Cl el an d , S pec i m en , p .1 0 0 .
8 Vi d eBen j .T u d el a, Ch.v i i .n ote .

9 Ch .x v .
70 2
Cas i d ean s
w hathec al l s J ew s tol i v e,
s peaki n g theChal d eel an g u ag e,
oc c u py i n g thec ou n try , an d pos s es s i n g
theg ov ern m en tof i t . H es ay s thatam on g thes eJ ew s ared i s c i pl es of
thew i s em en . H es ay s
they oc c u py them ou n tai n s of H aphton . H ereare, I thi n k, theA f g han s tooc l earl y tob ed i s -
pu ted . U n d erthew ord H aphton l i es hi d thew ord A f g han , an d thed i s c i pl es of the
w i s em an
H akem
f requ en ted thetem pl es of S ol om on i n Cas hm ere, & c
., an d w erec al l ed H kem - i tes , I s h-
m ael i an s , an d Batten i en s , thati s , Bu d d b ean s , of w hom I s hal l s ay m orepres en tl y .
I n thes tu d en ts of theCol l eg eof Cas hi orCas i , w hos pokeChal d ee, I thi n ki tprob ab l ethatw e
hav etheK as i d ean s orA s i d ean s , thew ord on l y as pi rated , w hom akeaf i g u rei n thehi s tory of the
T em pl eof S ol om on , an d of theJ ew s i n theti m eof theM ac c ab ees , an d w hos eori g i n has n ev er
b een s ati s f ac tori l y ac c ou n ted f or .
T hes eCas i d ean s , s peaki n g Chal d ee, w eretheChal d ean s c al l ed
Chas d i m , an d i td oes n ots eem v ery u n l i kel y thatthey m ay hav eb een ab ran c hm oreparti c u l arl y
d ev oted tooperati v earc hi tec tu rethan others of theChal d ean s orCal i - d ei .
A l earn ed w ri teri n
theE d i n b u rg hE n c y c l opaed i as ay s , " T heK as i d ean s w erearel i g i ou s f ratern i ty , oran ord erof
" _ the K n i g hts of theT em pl eof J eru s al em , w hob ou n d them s el v es toad orn theporc hes of that

m ag n i f i c en ts tru c tu re, an d topres erv ei tf rom i n j u ry an d d ec ay . T hi s as s oc i ati on w as c om -

pos ed of theg reates tm en of I s rael , w how ered i s ti n g u i s hed f orthei rc hari tab l ean d peac eab l e
" d i s pos i ti on s , an d b y thei rard en tzeal f orthepu ri ty an d pres erv ati on of thetem pl e
." i
T heCam b ri d g eK ey
2 s ay s , "
H eob l i g ed M ahad ev athes on of thef i rs tc reated toreti ref rom

thec i ty of Cas i orthes pl en d i d , an d tores i d eon theM an d araH i l l , orH ol y M ou n t

. Wi ththi s

b od y of ev i d en c eb ef oreu s , w em u s tei therrej ec ttheH eb rew , orad m i ttheH i n d u an d Chal d ean

" ac c ou n tof theA n ted i l u v i an w orl d .
Forthi s c oi n c i d en c eof d ates m ay b ec on s i d ered m athe-

m ati c al d em on s trati on ."

H ere, I thi n k, i n thi s c i ty of Cas i , I hav eGaza, orGazam eraor
A j m ere, an d hereI hav ef orthes ac red c i ty , theCy c l opean M u n d oreof M ew ar- R aj ahpou tan a
.
T herew eres ev eral Cas i es , as w ehav es ev eral tow n s c al l ed U n i v ers i ti es , as w ehav eothers c al l ed
Col l eg es . 3
T hew ord c ol l eg ew as prob ab l y d eri v ed f rom i ts b ei n g thepl ac ew heretheCol i d ei
res i d ed .
I ti s av ery ex traord i n ary thi n g thattheChri s ti an T em pl ars s hou l d c al l them s el v es T em pl ars
i n hon ou rof theT em pl e, thed es tru c ti on of w hi c hal l Chri s ti an s b oas ted of as am i rac u l ou s
ex am pl eof D i v i n ew rathi n thei rf av ou r, as Chri s ti an s
. T hi s g oes toprov etheT em pl ars m u c h
ol d erthan theCru s ad es , an d thatthepreten d ed ori g i n of thes epeopl ei s total l y f al s e
. I c an
en tertai n l i ttl ed ou b tthatthei rori g i n i s b es ou g hti n theCol l eg eof Cas hi , an d theT em pl eof
S ol om on i n Cas hm ere, orthel akeorm ereof Cas hi
. I d on otthi n ktheCal i d ei had thei rn am e
f rom theChas d i m , b u ttheChas i - d i m w ereCal i d ei
.T heGy m n os ophi s ts , theK as i d ean s , the
E s s en es , theT herapeu tae, theD i on es i an s , theE l eu s i n i an s , theP y thag orean s , theChal d ean s ,
w erei n real i ty al l an ord erof rel i g i on i s ts , i n c l u d i n g am on g them , an d c on s i s ti n g i n g reatpartof ,
an ord erof M on ks , w how ere, i n f ac t, thehead s of thes oc i ety .
T heT eu ton i c K n i g hts s eem tohav eb een thef i rs ti n s ti tu ted , b u tI thi n ki tappears thatthey
w ereg raf ted u pon ac l as s of pers on s - c hari tab l ed ev otees - w hohad s ettl ed them s el v es , as the
hi s tori an s s ay , n earthetem pl eatJ eru s al em , toas s i s tpoorChri s ti an pi l g ri m s w hov i s i ted i t ; al thou g h
thereal tem pl ehad d i s appeared , ev en tothel as ts ton e, f orathou s an d y ears . T hi s s hew s
how l i ttl eu s ethes ehi s tori an s m akeof thei ru n d ers tan d i n g s .
T hey ares ai d tohav ec om ef rom
Germ an y , f rom theT eu ton i c tri b es
.
T hew ord T en ti s T at, an d T ati s Bu d d ha . T hen am eof
I S c al i g erd eE m en d
.T em p.
; al s oE l eu c h.T ri hm res i i Ni c ol ai S u ran i i , Cap
.x x i i .p .4 4 1 ; al s oI M ac c ab ees v i i .1 3 ;
Bas n ag e, Bk.i i .Ch
.x i i i .S ec t .4 ;
E n c y c l op .i n v oc eM as on , S ec t .x x x .
2
Vol .1 .p.3 0 9 .

'
Cal i - ag e- aj i - ai .
BookX
.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 6

70 3
Bu d d haw i ths om eof theGerm an n ati on s w as T u i s to, an d f rom thi s c am etheT eu ton es ,
T eu ti s c i ,
an d theT eu ton i c K n i g hts , an d then am eof M erc u ry T eu i s c o. I
T heK n i g hts of S t .J ohn aref i rs tn oti c ed , as as oc i ety , ex i s ti n g n earthean c i en ttem pl eof
J eru s al em , w hen apers on c al l ed R ay m on d D u pu i s d i s ti n g u i s hed hi m s el f am on g them
.Ou r
s u perf i c i al hi s tori an s , w hos el d om hav ean y tas tef ord eepres earc hes , s u ppos ethey aros ethen ,
b u ti trequ i res b u tl i ttl epen etrati on tos eethattherei s n oproof w hatev erthatthey then
aros e.
A tf i rs tthey w ereattac hed ton oon eof theord ers , b u tw ereprob ab l y ( w i thou thav i n g
then am eof Carm el i tes ) of theE s s en ean orT herapeu ti c as c eti c s of Carm el i n theWes t, orT i b et
i n theE as t .
I ti s prob ab l ethatthey ex i s ted i n J eru s al em i n theti m eof i ts c aptu reb y the
S arac en s .
T hey w ou l d b eXpr) c i an oi orS ophi tae, as w ere, I d on otd ou b t, thean c i en tCarm el i tes
.
A l l tem pl es w eres u rrou n d ed w i thpi l l ars rec ord i n g then u m b ers of thec on s tel l ati on s , thes i g n s
of thezod i ac , orthec y c l es of thepl an ets , an d eac htem pl u m w as s u ppos ed i n s om ew ay tob e
am i c roc os m ors y m b ol of thetem pl eof theu n i v ers e, orof thes tarry v au l tc al l ed
T em pl u m . 2
I tw as thi s T em pl u m of theu n i v ers ef rom w hi c htheK n i g hts T em pl ars tookthei rn am e, an d n ot
f rom thei n d i v i d u al tem pl eatJ eru s al em , b u i l tprob ab l y b y thei rpred ec es s ors , an d d es troy ed
m an y y ears b ef oretheti m eal l otted f orthei rri s e, b u tw hi c hri s e, I s u s pec t, w as on l y arev i v i f i -
c ati on f rom as tateof d epres s i on , i n tow hi c hthey had f al l en
.
I s hal l retu rn totheex pl an ati on
of thew ord tem pl u m i n af u tu reb ook
.
A l l thetem pl es w erei m i tati v e- w erem i c roc os m s of thec el es ti al T em pl u m - an d on thi s
ac c ou n tthey w eres u rrou n d ed w i thpi l l ars rec ord i n g as tron om i c al s u b j ec ts , an d i n ten d ed b othto
d ohon ou rtothes es u b j ec ts , an d tokeepthem i n perpetu al rem em b ran c e
. Wehav erec ord s of
ev ery c y c l eex c eptof thatof theb eas t666
. Wehav ei n A b u ry thec y c l es of 650 - 60 8 - 60 0 -
60 - 4 0 - 3 0 - 1 9 - 1 2 , & c . Wehav ethe f orty
pi l l ars arou n d thetem pl eof Chi l m i n ar, i n P er-
s i a ; ' thetem pl eatBal b ec , w i th
f orty pi l l ars ; 4
theT u c teS ol om on , on thef ron ti ers of Chi n a,
i n T artary , c al l ed al s otheT em pl eof the
f orty pi l l ars . T herei s thes am en u m b eri n eac h,
an d prob ab l y f orthes am ereas on . 5
I n theT em pl es atP aes tu m , on eac hs i d eof theT em pl e
f ou rteen
pi l l ars rec ord theE g y pti an c y c l eof thed arkan d l i g hts i d es of them oon , as d e-
s c ri b ed b y P l u tarc h, an d thew hol ethi rty - ei g ht, w hi c hs u rrou n d them , rec ord thetw oM eton i c
c y c l es s oof ten f ou n d i n theD ru i d i c al T em pl es
.
A l l tem pl es w ereori g i n al l y open atthetop ;
s othattw el v epi l l ars c u ri ou s l y d es c ri b ed theb el tof thezod i ac , an d thev au l tof heav en the
roof .
T heatres w ereori g i n al l y T em pl es , w herethem y thos w as s c en i c al l y repres en ted
; an d , u n ti l
they w ereab u s ed , they w erei n ten d ed f orn othi n g el s e :
b u ti ti s ev i d en tthatf orthi s pu rpos ea
pec u l i arc on s tru c ti on of thetem pl ew as n ec es s ary
. When S c au ru s b u i l taT heatrei n Greec ehe
s u rrou n d ed i tw i th3 60 pi l l ars .
T heT em pl eatM ec c aw as s u rrou n d ed w i th3 60 s ton es , an d i n
l i kem an n erw i ththes am en u m b ertheT em pl u m atI on ai n S c otl an d w as s u rrou n d ed
. T he
T em pl ars w eren othi n g b u ton eb ran c hof M as on s ;
perhaps ab ran c htow hi c hthec areof s om e
pec u l i arpartof T em pl es w as en tru s ted , an d , I thi n k, thatthen am eof T em pl ars w as on l y
an othern am ef orCas i d ean s .
' P ow n al on A n ti qu i ti es , p .2 9 , s ay s , Now
A erl ax i aarl ax s a
an d ec c ax s a
arethes am e : b u tT ' u at' d al ei n the
Cel ti c m ean s , rel ati v el y s peaki n g , n orthern d i s tri c t
.Wi l l an y on ed en y that
A arl ax u a an d T ' u at' al i aarethes am e?
T hi s T u atal i a, w hi c hi s T hes s al y , i s
T eaas tu
then am eof Bu d d ha
; an d , w i ththei s ad d ed toi t, T hes s al i a, thec ou n try
w herew ehav ef ou n d theI n d i an m y thos d es c ri b ed s oc l earl y
.S eeBookV .Ch
.I .S ec t .2 , an d BookX .Ch.I I .
S ec t .1 1 .
2
T em pl u m i s s hew n b y Cl el an d tob eaCel ti c w ord
.

' Chard i n .

4
M au n d rel L
'
Forty i s on eof them os tc om m on n u m b ers i n theD ru i d i c al tem pl es
.
70 4
T em pl ars R es u m ed
I n m an y s tri ki n g parti c u l ars M r
.Von H am m erhas s hew n thes i m i l ari ty of theA s s as s i n s tothe
T em pl ars , s othatthey m i g htb em i s taken f orb ran c hes of thes am eord er
. I ts eem s v ery c ertai n
too, thatthey had eac has ec retd oc tri n eorm y s tery , w hi c hw as g u ard ed w i ththem os tan x i ou s
c are, an d w i ththem os ts ac red oaths
;
an d w es hal l s eef rom c i rc u m s tan c es , thatthi s s ec retw as
prob ab l y thes am ei n thetw os oc i eti es
.Wem u s tn otf org etthattheT em pl ars w erean ord er
w hi c hw as s ai d tohav eari s en ab ou tthetw el f thc en tu ry , ' w hen theM i l l en i u m , as w ehav es een ,
w as d ai l y ex pec ted , an d thati taros ei n thec ou n try w hi c hw as apartof thati n w hi c htheol d
m an of them ou n tai n res i d ed ,
v i z .i n
thel of ty an d i n ac c es s i b l ef ores ts of L eb an on , w herehi s
f ol l ow ers aren ow kn ow n b y then am eof Cu rd s , orCu l d ees , orD ru s es , treated on i n m y Cel ti c
D ru i d s .
T herei ti s s hew n thatthes eD ru s es s ti l l retai n thead orati on of theg ol d en c al f , an d
hav es om eotherrel i g i ou s prac ti c es ( c om m on totheI s rael i tes i n thed es ertof S i n ai ) w hi c hthey
ares ai d , i n av ery u n ac c ou n tab l em an n er, tom i x w i thb oththeM oham ed an an d Chri s ti an d oc -
tri n es - an ex traord i n ary c i rc u m s tan c e, w hi c hou rtrav el l ers , n otkn ow i n g how toac c ou n tf or,
attri b u tetoi g n oran c e, an d thu s en d eav ou r, w i ths u c hf l i m s y preten c es , tos ati s f y thei row n m i n d s
.
Bu tthou g hthes eres i d en ts of M ou n tCarm el ( theres i d en c eof theCarm el i tes ) m ay b ei g n oran t
n ow , thei rrel i g i ou s ri tes aren ottheprod u c eof i g n oran c e, b u tof an c i en tl earn i n g
.
7.
I w i l l n ow poi n tou tac i rc u m s tan c ec ertai n l y tru ean d m os tex traord i n ary
. T heChri s ti an
K n i g hts T em pl ars , theen em i es of al l M oham ed an s totheex trem el en g thof b ei n g s w orn n ev er
tom akepeac ew i ththem on an y c on d i ti on s , en tered i n toac on s pi rac y w i ththes eM oham ed an
s ec tari es , I s hm ael i tes , Battan ean s , orA s s as s i n s , b y w hi c hthey ag reed tob etray tothem theri c h
c i ty of D am as c u s , i n retu rn f orw hi c hthec i ty of T y rew as tohav eb een g i v en u ptothem
. T he
attem ptm i s c arri ed , b u ti tprov es thec on n ex i on b etw een thetw ob an d s of f an ati c s , an d f an ati c s
d on otof ten u n i teex c epttherei s s om ethi n g i n c om m on i n thei rf an ati c i s m
. H ow ev er, therec an
b en od ou b tthattherew erec ertai n poi n ts of rel i g i on c om m on totheI s hm ael i tes , orthes eM oha-
m ed an s ec tari es , an d totheT em pl arChri s ti an s
.
T hes eI thi n kc ou l d b en ootherthan thos ef or
w hi c htheT em pl ars w erepers ec u ted an d d es troy ed
.
A n d i f thed oc tri n eof theGn os i s , the
M i l l en i u m , orof theren ew al of c y c l es , w erethef ou n d ati on of them , as I b el i ev ei tw as , w es eeat
on c ew hy they s hou l d b eof al l thethreerel i g i on s
.
I n theti m eof thei l l u s tri ou s S al ad i n ,
2
the
head of theA s s as s i n s w as c al l ed S i n an , an d c l ai m ed tob e, orw as s ai d b y hi s f ol l ow ers tob e, an
i n c arn ati on of theD ei ty . H erew ec om etotheol d s tory
. A s w ehav es een , thes oc i ety , l i ke
m os tothers of i ts ki n d , had i ts s ec retm y s teri es , g u ard ed b y i ts m os ts ol em n oaths
; an d M r .Von
H am m er, l i keal l otherhi s tori an s of s oc i eti es of thi s ki n d , g i v es them tou s w i thas m u c hprec i s i on
as i f they w ered ai l y proc l ai m ed f rom thetopof them os qu eb y thec ri er
. I s u ppos eI n eed n ot
f ol l ow hi m . Whatthey w erew ec an n ev erkn ow
:
b u t, f rom thec i rc u m s tan c es orf ac ts w hi c hI
hav ed es c ri b ed ab ov e, I thi n kw ehav ereas on tob el i ev e, they w ereal l of thes am eki n d as the
m y s teri es of theM i l l en i u m , Gn os ti c i s m , & c ., & c
., w hi c hI hav etrac ed ov ers u c hal arg epartof
thew orl d , an d f rom s u c harem otean ti qu i ty
.
A n d I thi n km y read ern ow w i l l n otb es u rpri s ed
tof i n d thi s ol d m an of them ou n tai n c al l ed b y thethen s i n g u l arn am es , am on g others , of l oan n es ,
Bu tta, an d D eu s
.
I tw as of thef i rs ti m portan c etotheT em pl ars topos s es s T y rei n s tead of
D am as c u s .
T hey w ou l d hav eb een s eparated i n D am as c u s f rom al l thei ri m m en s ees tates i n
E u rope
; b u ti n T y re, b y m ean s of f l eets , they c ou l d ex ten d thei rarm s ev ery w here
.
' J eru s al em w as taken
b y theChri s ti an s i n 1 0 9 9 ,
an d retaken b y
S al ad i n i n 1 1 8 8 . T heK n i g hts of S t
.J ohn are
s ai d tohav eb een i n s ti tu ted i n 1 0 9 9 ,
theT em pl ars i n 1 1 1 8 ,
theT eu ton es i n 1 1 64 .
s
I n R ei n au d ' s H i s tory of theCru s ad es , p.3 2 0 , an ac c ou n t i s
g i v en of an eg oti ati on b etw een S al ad i n an d R i c hard ,
w hen thef orm erd em an d ed thes u rety of theT em pl ars f ortheperf orm an c e
of
thetreaty , w hi c hthel atterref rai n i n g to
g i v e, thetreaty w en tof f
.T hey w ou l d tru s tthepeopl ew how ereof thei row n rel i g i on .
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 8

70 5
T heT em pl ars had n ow herepos s es s i on of a . c i ty as as ov erei g n pow er, thou g hthey had
arm i es .I f they had ob tai n ed T y re, they w ou l d then hav eb een as ov erei g n pow er, w i than arm y
of d ev otees , an d f an ati c al trai tors , an d i m m en s ew eal th, i n ev ery c ou n try of E u rope, w hi c hthe
g ov ern m en ts d ared n ottotou c h .I ti s qu i tec l eartom ethati f they had g on eon ti l l they g oton e
of thei rord erel ec ted P ope, they w ou l d i n s tan tl y hav eb een s ov erei g n s of E u rope, an d al l thee
ki n g s thei rv as s al s .T heT em pl ars pos s es s ed 9 0 0 0 m an ors i n E u rope, theK n i g hts of S t .J ohn
1 9 , 0 0 0 .1
J u s tn ow I ob s erv ed , thattheol d m an of them ou n tai n w as c al l ed l oan n es , Bu tta, an d D eu s ,
an d thaton eof then am es of hi s peopl ew as Batten i an s ; thi s , of c ou rs e, i s thes am eas Bu d d aean s .
I ti s v ery c l earthatac l os ec on n ex i on ex i s ted b etw eei f them an d theT em pl ars , an d w ef i n d the
T em pl ars ad optf orthei rem b l em ord i s ti n c ti v eb ad g e, orc oatof arm s , av ery pec u l i arc ros s ,
w hi c hi s thatw orn b y theM an i c haean s w how eref ol l ow ers , as w earetol d , of on eBu d d aeu s , an d
al s oof T hom as of I n d i a
.T hed oc tri n es of theM an i c haean s areal s o, i n m an y res pec ts , thes am e
as thos eof theA s s as s i n s an d theT em pl ars .T hi s c ros s i s al s of ou n d tob etheem b l em of the
Bu d d hi s ts of I n d i a
.I ti s of av ery pec u l i aran d s tri ki n g ki n d ; i ti s red , an d i s m ou n ted on a
Cal v ary . I ti s an em b l em of thetreeof l i f e ; i ti s thetree
T aran i s of theD ru i d s .
I m u c hd ou b ttheex i s ten c eof M an es
.A tal l ev en ts , i f therew eres u c hapers on , hew as an I n d i an
f ol l ow erof Bu d d ha, orof theXpi g - i s m , of theT am u z, of I n d i a, af ol l ow erof theGod Cri s en of the
T am - u l s . H i s s ec tb ad ab ookc al l ed the T R E A S U R E
ortheb ookof perf ec ti on .T hi s w as prob ab l y
an i m i tati on of theS ophi I b rahi m of P ers i a
.
I am n otaM as on i c T em pl ar, b u tI hav eas c ertai n ed thaton eatl eas tof thes y m b ol s of the
M as on i c T em pl ars i s theei g ht- poi n ted red c ros s of theBu d d hi s ts an d theM an i c haean s .S eem y
f i g u res 1 2 an d 1 3 .T hi s c om pl etes theproof thatthey arearem n an tof thes am es ec ts orord ers
of m en . When I i n qu i red i n tothehi s tory of theT em pl ars , I s ai d toab rotherof theord er, I f y ou
b earem n an tof thean c i en tori en tal phi l os ophers of I n d i a, y ou w i l l hav etheei g ht- poi n ted red
c ros s f ory ou rs y m b ol ; an d I f ou n d they had i t
.I am of opi n i on thattheT em pl ars orCas i d aean s
w ereres i d en ti n thec i ty of J eru s al em w hen i tw as taken b y theChri s ti an s .P erhaps i n f orm er
ti m es , af terthed es tru c ti on of thetem pl ean d thereb u i l d i n g of i t, orof thepres en tb u i l d i n g w hi c h
s tan d s i n i ts pl ac e, they appl i ed thei rs erv i c es tothen ew tem pl eas they had d on etotheol d on e,
an d i f they prof es s ed theCab al i s ti c d oc tri n es w hi c hI attri b u tetothem , an d thed oc tri n es of
S ophi s m w hi c hI s hal l pres en tl y ex pl ai n , therei s n oi n c on s i s ten c y i n thei rd oi n g s o .
I f theK n i g hts T em pl ars w erec on v erts totheb el i ef thatthel ead erof theI s hm ael i tes w as the
ten thA v atar, thi s ac c ou n ts f orthei rs u pporti n g hi m ag ai n s ttheCal i phs , as w el l as f orthei r
treac hery totheChri s ti an c au s e, of w hi c hm os tc ertai n l y they w erec on v i c ted
.T hey areac c u s ed
of M an i c haei s m .Whatd i d theM an i c hm an ei g ht- poi n ted red c ros s l ookl i ke? I ti s an em b l em
w hi c hhas n oan ti ty peb u ti ts el f .I c on s i d erthi s ei g ht- poi n ted red c ros s as d ec i s i v eev i d en c e, that
Bu d d hi s m , M an i c haei s m , an d T em pl i s m , w erei d en ti c al : thati s , M an i c haei s m as f aras M an i c haei s m
c on s i s ted of Gn os ti c i s m , f orthe
pri n c i pl es of
b othw erethes am e, thou g hi n l aterti m es , i n s om e
i n s tan c es , they d i v erg ed as f rom ac om m on c en tre, as they b ec am ec orru pted .
8 .Fau s tu s i s m ad e, b y A u g u s ti n e, m os tc l earl y 2 toad m i ttheT ri u n eGod i n thef ol l ow i n g
w ord s , an d thu s hec on n ec ts theM an i c haean s w i ththeH i n d oos : " Wetheref orew ors hi pon e
" an d thes am eD ei ty , u n d eratri pl eappel l ati on of theFather, theGod A l m i g hty , an d of Chri s t
" hi s S on , an d of theH ol y Ghos t .I g i tu rn os P atri s qu i d em D ei om n i poten ti s , etChri s ti Fi l i i
" ej u s , etS pi ri ths S an c ti , u n u m i d em qu es u b tri pl i c i appel l ati on ec ol i m u s n u m en ." When i ti s
' H ai l l am , p .3 8 .

0 I n Chap .x x .of Oper .A u g .Ben .

70 6
T ern pl ars Con ti n u ed
c on s i d ered thatA u g u s ti n ees teem ed ab el i ef i n theT ri n i ty tob em eri tori ou s , an d thathen ev er
c eas ed v i l i f y i n g theM an i c hau an s , hi s ev i d en c ei n thi s c as ei s u n i m peac hab l e
.T heM an i c haean s
b ei n g T ri n i tari an s theon l y
i m portan t
poi n tof heres y w hi c hthey hel d , an d am os ti m portan ton e
i tw as , c on s i s ted i n d en y i n g thes u prem ac y of thehol y s ee
.H ad they g i v en u pthi s poi n t, there
w ou l d hav eb een an i n s tan tc oal i ti on
.
I m u s tn ow m akeaf ew ob s erv ati on s , b u tthey w i l l b ev ery f ew , u pon thec el eb rated d oc tri n e
of theg ood an d ev i l pri n c i pl es , Os i ri s an d T y phon , Orom as d es an d A rhi m an i u s
.T hi s , I hav en o
d ou b t, w as ad oc tri n etaken u pi n thec ou n tri es Wes tof theI n d u s , w hen thef i n ephi l os ophy of the
s ag es of I n d i aw as b eg i n n i n g tob ef org otten
;
v ery prob ab l y af tertheti m eof Cam b y s es .On
thi s d oc tri n eM r
.K n i g hts ay s , ' "
T he1 E g y pti au s hel d thattherew eretw ooppos i tepow ers i n
" thew orl d , perpetu al l y ac ti n g ag ai n s teac hother
: theon eg en erati n g an d theotherd es troy i n g : the
"
f orm erof w hom they c al l ed Os i ri s , an d thel atterT y phon
.By thec on ten ti on of thes etw o, that
" m i x tu reof g ood an d ev i l , of proc reati on an d d i s s ol u ti on , w hi c hw as thou g httoc on s ti tu tetheb ar-
"
m on y of thew orl d , w as s u ppos od tob eprod u c ed
." A c c ord i n g tothi s , w hi c hw as i n f ac tan ew
s y s tem of theE g y pti an an d P ers i an d oc tri n eorm y thos , therew as an ori g i n al
ev i l
pri n c i pl ei n n a-
tu re, c o- etern al w i ththeg ood , an d ac ti n g i n perpetu al oppos i ti on toi t
.I thi n kthi s s y s tem d i d n ot
takei ts ri s eearl i erthan ab ou ttheti m eof Cy ru s orCam b y s es
.On thi s M r .K n i g hts ay s , 2 " T hi s

opi n i on ow es i ts ori g i n toaf al s en oti on w hi c hw eareapttof orm of g ood an d ev i l , b y c on -

s i d eri n g them as s el f - ex i s ti n g , i n heren tproperti es , i n s tead of rel ati v em od i f i c ati on s d epen d en t

u pon c i rc u m s tan c es , c au s es an d ev en ts
: b u tthou g hpatron i zed b y v ery l earn ed an d d i s ti n g u i s hed
"
i n d i v i d u al s , i td oes n otappeartohav ef orm ed apartof therel i g i ou s s y s tem of an y peopl eor
" es tab l i s hed s ec t
." U pon them od ern d ate( c om parati v el y s peaki n g ) of thi s d oc tri n eI thi n kM r .
K n i g hti s u n qu es ti on ab l y c orrec t
; b u ti tm ay b ed ou b tf u l i f hed on otg otoof ari n s ay i n g thati t
n ev erw as apartof an y rel i g i ou s s y s tem
.I thi n khew ou l d hav eb een qu i tec orrec ti f hehad
s ai d , i tw as n ev erapartof thes y s tem of
an y
peopl eu n ti l thef i n es y s tem .of theI n d i an s an d of
Orpheu s b eg an tob em i s u n d ers tood an d f org otten . 3
I am of opi n i on thatthes y s tem of Orpheu s
c am ef rom orori g i n ated i n P ers i a, i f i treal l y c am ef rom there,
b ef ore theri s eof thetw opri n c i pl es .
T hi s s u b j ec topen s am os tex ten s i v ef i el d of d i s c u s s i on , b u tI s hal l atthepres en td ec l i n ei t, res ti n g
u pon thef i rm s u pportan d au thori ty of M r
.K n i g ht.
I tc l earl y appears thattheM an i c haean s d i d n ot, as Chri s ti an s hav eas s erted , hol d thed oc tri n e
of tw oequ al an d c o- etern al God s .Fau s tu s s ay s , "
I s thereon eGod ortw o? P l ai n l y on e .

H ow then d oy ou ( M an i c haean s ) as s erttw o? Nev erw as then am eof tw oGod s heard i n ou r

" as s erti on s
.Bu tI w i s htokn ow w hen c e y ou s u s pec tthi s ? Bec au s ey ou teac hthetw opri n c i -
p
l es of g ood an d ev i l .I ti s i n d eed tru ethatw ec on f es s tw opri n c i pl es , b u ton eof thes ew e
" c al l God , theotherH y l e
; ortos peaki n thec om m on an d u s u al w ay , theD aem on .Bu ti f y ou
"
thi n kthatthi s m ean s tw oGod s , y ou m i g htal s othi n kthattherearetw os orts of heal thw hen a
" phy s i c i an d i s pu tes ab ou theal than d s i c kn es s
: an d w hen an y on en am es g ood an d ev i l , y ou
" m i g htthi n kthattherearetw og ood s :
an d b eari n g of pl en ty an d w an t, y ou w i l l s u ppos ethere
" aretw opl en ti es . Bu ti f w hen I am d i s pu ti n g ab ou tb l ac kan d w hi te, hotan d c ol d , s w eetan d

b i tter, y ou s hou l d s ay thatI c hew thattherearetw ow hi tes , an d tw ohots , an d tw os w eets , w i l l

" y ou n otappeartob ed ev oi d of reas on an d of u n s ou n d head ? A n d thu s w hen I teac htw opri n c i -
p
l es , God an d H y l e, I ou g htn ottheref oretoappeartos hew tw oGod s ." I ti s of n o
c on s equ en c ew hetherthearg u m en tpu ti n tothem ou thof Fau s tu s b eab s u rd orn ot ; thef ac t
I n qi n toA n c .S y m .L an ., S ec t .1 0 5.

'
I b .1 0 6 .
Orpheu s , H y m n l x x i i .ed .Ges n er .

Oper.A u g .Ben ed .ed .Vol . VI I I .Chap .x x i .p .3 4 9 .

BookX
.ChapterV .S ec ti on 9

70 7
c l earl y c om es ou t, thattheM an i c hzean s d i d n otrec ei v etw oequ al an d oppos i n g pri n c i pl es as the
orthod ox Chri s ti an s hav ec al u m n i ou s l y s tated them tohav ed on e
.
Wi thres pec ttotheP an thei s m of w hi c hw ehav eheard s om u c h, I c on s i d erthatthed oc tri n e
of E m an ati on an d R eab s orpti on i n totheS u prem e, of w hi c hI s hal l hav em u c htos ay hereaf ter,
i s s on earl y c on n ec ted w i ththeP an thei s ti c d oc tri n eof God i n al l , an d al l i n God , i n thei rf i rs t
an d m os trem otepri n c i pl es ;
thati ti s al m os ti m pos s i b l e, perhaps qu i tei m pos s i b l e, tos eparate
them , an d tos hew ex ac tl y w herei n they d i f f er
.When they d i v erg ef rom thec om m on c en tre, n o
d ou b tthed i f f eren c eb ec om es perc epti b l een ou g h .Bu tthepec u l i ari ty of then atu reof the
d i f f eren c ei n m an y i n s tan c es s hew s thec l os eaf f i n i ty of thei rori g i n .T heex i s ten c eof theearl y
Cab al i s ti c , Gn os ti c , M an d ai s ti c , an d m os ts u b l i m ed oc tri n e, w hi c hI s hal l pres en tl y u n f ol d , c an
b eattri b u ted ton othi n g b u tad i v i n erev el ati on , ortoas oc i ety i n as tateof ref i n em en t, v as tl y
s u peri ortothes tateof theg en eral i ty of m an ki n d ev en atthi s d ay , how ev erv ai n w em ay b eof
ou rs el v es ;
an d u n l es s w ead optthed oc tri n eof rev el ati on , i n thi s i n s tan c eu n phi l os ophi c al , b ec au s e
u n n ec es s ary , toac c ou n tf oran ef f ec t, w em u s tad m i t
a l on g c ou rs eof g en erati on s tohav eb rou g ht
thi s d oc tri n etoi ts perf ec ti on .
I n thean c i en tc ol l ec ti on s w eof ten m eetw i thapers on i n thepri m eof l i f e, s om eti m es m al e, s om e-
ti m es f em al e, ki l l i n g ay ou n g b u l l
.H ei s g en eral l y ac c om pan i ed w i than u m b erof as trol og i c al em -
b l em s
.T hi s Bu l l w as them ed i atori al M i thra, s l ai n tom akeaton em en tf or, an d totake
aw ay , thes i n s
of thew orl d
.T hi s w as theGod Bu l l , tow hom thepray ers aread d res s ed w hi c hw ef i n d i n Bry an t
an d Fab er, an d i n w hi c hhei s ex pres s l y c al l ed theM ed i ator
.T hi s i s theBu l l of P ers i a, w hi c hS i r
Wi l l i am J on es an d M r .Fab eri d en ti f y w i thBu d d haorM ahab ad
.T hes ac ri f i c eof theBu l l , w hi c h
takethaw ay thes i n s of thew orl d , w as s u c c eed ed b y thes ac ri f i c eof theL am b , c al l ed b y the
Brahm i n s theYaj n a, orA g n i , orOm - an , s ac ri f i c e,
or
thes ac ri f i c eof theA g n i orof Fi re, b y ou r
I n d i an s
.T hi s d oc tri n earos eam on g theI n d i an s i n , c om parati v el y s peaki n g , m od ern ti m es
: i t
w as c l os el y c on n ec ted w i ththetw opri n c i pl es s poken of ab ov e
.Whi l etheS u n w as i n T au ru s ,
theBu l l w as s l ai n as thev i c ari ou s s ac ri f i c e ;
w hen i tg oti n toA ri es , theR am orL am b w as
s u b s ti tu ted
.T heI n d i an hi s tori es s ay thatZ erad u s tc am ei n toI n d i aan d b rou g hthi s d oc tri n es
thi ther ;
b u tthi s m u s thav eb een f rom North- eas tern P ers i a
.I kn ow n othi n g w hi c hhec an hav e
b rou g htb u tthi s
;
an d i f heex i s ted an y thi n g n earthed ateu s u al l y as s i g n ed
to hi m , thou g hthey
m i g hthav ethes ac ri f i c eof theBu l l as w el l as theR am i n P ers i a, hew ou l d , f orob v i ou s reas on s ,
on l y b ri n g thatof thef orm eri n toI n d i a
.Gem s hi d an d theR am s u c c eed ed A b ou d ab an d theBu l l
.
T hem od ern Brahm i n s , theCri s tn u v i tes , arew el l kn ow n tom ai n tai n thed oc tri n eof theA ton e-
m en t
.
From them an d f rom theP ers i an s theChri s ti an s hav ec opi ed i t
.I f thi s heres y c an n ot
b ef ou n d here, I kn ow n otw heretol ookf ori t
.I s ay heres y
b ec au s eI b el i ev ei ti s n opartof the
d oc tri n eof theR om i s horGreekrel i g i on
.T hey f ortu n atel y kn ow n othi n g of thi s pern i c i ou s , d e-
m oral i zi n g
d og m a- ad og m athan w hi c hi tw ou l d b ev ery d i f f i c u l ttod ev i s eon em orei n j u ri ou s tothe
m oral i ty of as tate, - an as s erti on prov ed b y theex am pl es of theov erf l ow i n g pri s on s of Bri tai n ,
w hereof l atey ears i thas prev ai l ed m orethan i n an y f orm erti m e, ori n an y otherpl ac e
.
9
.T hev ery rem arkab l ec i rc u m s tan c e, thatH akem
Bem ri l l ahw as s u ppos ed tob ethe
ten th
i n c arn ati on , ten d s s tron g l y toc on f i rm m y hy pothes i s
; f orw hy s hou l d heb ethe ten th
; an d w ho
an d w hatw eretheothern i n e, ac c ord i n g tohi s s y s tem i f ortherem u s thav eb een othern i n e, or
hec ou l d n othav eb een theten th
.
.
I c an n othel pb el i ev i n g thatthew hol ed oc tri n ew as w el l
I Vi d eD ' H erb el oti n H akem Bem ri l l ahan d i n D arari ou n , D i et
.Bi og .Vol .XI X.p.3 2 1 , P ari s , 1 8 1 7
; Ni m rod ,
Vol .I I I .p.4 9 3 .
70 8
Good an d E v i l
kn ow n tothepers on s w hohel d thi s of theten thav atarori n c arn ati on
. A l l thi s i s b u tthem y thos
of the rl ' tv t .r
ras i t, the
M i l rtg , or, i n aw ord , d i v i n ew i s d om , I ' I n tel l i g en c eu n i v ers el l e . I
A l i ttl eti m eag oI ob s erv ed thatthes ac red b ookof theM an i c haean s w as c al l ed theb ookof
P erf ec ti on . T hu s i tappears tob ethes am e, as the rn n n
hkm e or A n
p .
, or P E R FE CT I ON, or
Wi s d om of theJ ew s an d Greeks
. On thi s w ord
n on
hkm e or Chokm e as , ac c ord i n g tothe
v i c i ou s hab i tof them od ern s , i ti s of ten w ri tten , I m u s tm akean otherob s erv ati on , w hi c hI thi n k
v ery i m portan t .
Weev ery w heref i n d thew ord s A pX71 an d P l ' ttl r' 1
ras i t w ri tten torepres en teac h
otheri n thetw ol an g u ag es ; an d they b othm ean
head an d b othm ean w i s d om . T hew ord
n oon
hkm e m ean s w i s d om , thati s , thes am eas thetw of orm erw ord s
: b u tthew ord
; on hkm e, A km e,
i n theE n g l i s hl an g u ag e, m ean s head , oru pperen d , orpoi n t, ortop, of an y thi n g
. I n af i g u rati v e
s en s ei tal s ohas them ean i n g of perf ec ti on
. H en c ew es eethatthew ord
n i n e
hkm e,
w hi c h
m ean s w i s d om , has thes am em ean i n g as thew ord s i n theGreekan d H eb rew w hi c hm ean f i rs t or
b eg i n n i n g .
T hi s R as i tor
tn n ]n
hkm ei s the
n n i m n p1
b qm au teof theS am ari tan Gen es i s , theR as
of theE thi opi an s , theS ophi a of theGn os ti c s , theM eti s of theGreeks , theL og os of P l ato, the
S of i of P ers i a, i n theb ook of theP ers i an s c al l ed S of i I b rahi m , theBu d d ha of theH i n d oos , theS ag a
of theS c an d i n av i an s , an d theS ag ax of theL ati n s , w hen c ec om eou rS ag es , an d theS ag as of
I n d i a, al l u d ed tob y M r .S c heg el .
s
P erhaps i tm ay n otb ei rrel ev an t, i n ref eren c etothepl u ral i ty of theGod i n thef i rs tv ers e of
Gen es i s , toob s erv e, thattheGn os ti c s ares ai d tohav ew ors hi ped ab ei n g c al l ed A c ham oth . T hi s
i s ev i d en tl y n othi n g b u ttheH eb rew w ord
; ti tan
H km e
w i s d om , s api en ti a, i n thepl u ral n u m b er,
an d i ti s f em i n i n e
. T hi s i s thef i rs tw ord i n Gen es i s , as w ehav es een , an d as rec ord ed b y the
J eru s al em T arg u m , an d theS am ari tan v ers i on ; an d hereI c on c ei v ethes el earn ed Ori en tal i s ts ,
theGn os ti c s , w ors hi ped thepl u ral of theL og os f orthe w hol e three .I f thi s b en otthem ean i n g ,
w hy i s n otthew ord i n thes i n g u l ar ? Forthi s A c hom oththeVal en ti n i an s had ag reatres pec t
.
Of thi s Beau s ob res ay s ,
a
L eu r A c ham oth es tl a
Coc hm ah d es H eb reu x , on l a
S ag es s e ." 3
I t
prov es thattheVal en ti n i an s ex pl ai n ed Gen es i s b y w i s d om , & c ., l i keal l otherearl y Chri s ti an s , an d
as theI s rael i tes f orm erl y d i d . Gn os ti c i en i m i ps am J c ham oth s pi ri tu m s an c tu m arb i trab an tu r, et
s u b s pec i ec ol u m b aerepraes en tab an t.
T heu n l earn ed read erm u s tb ei n f orm ed thatthem os tc om m on w ord i n H eb rew f orw i s d om i s
n n ]n
hkm e,
an d f orw i s d om s i n thef em i n i n eg en d er
pl u ral rn n 3 n hkm u t . T hef ol l ow i n g arethe
tw of i rs tw ord s i n theS am ari tan f i rs tv ers eof Gen es i s : XA VA i t? 9 .
B- km au te.
T hou g hI
hav en oS am ari tan L ex i c on , I thi n kI c an s eethatBi s thes i g n of theab l ati v ec as e, thes am eas
i n theH eb rew l an g u ag e, an d thel as tetheem phati c arti c l e, an d
km au t
thes am eas theH eb rew
I Bes i d es thi s Bem ri l l ah, i n theel ev en than d tw el f thc en tu ri es , an d i n d eed s i n c ethatti m es ev eral pers on s hav e
ari s en , preten d i n g tob ethe ten th
i n c arn ati on ; ac u ri ou s ac c ou n tof w hom m ay b ef ou n d i n thev ery l earn ed an d
hon es t, how ev erof ten m i s taken , Ni m rod .E u d es of Bretag n ew as on e ; J oan D ' A rc w as an other
; an d Brothers an d
S ou thc otew ereothers ; i n ten d ed f orthey ear1 8 0 0 , orthey ear1 8 2 4 , orthethi rd c y c l ef rom Chri s t .I n I rel an d , i n
they ear 1 771 , aR om i s hP ri es t, Vi c arA pos tol i c of
theR om an S eei n them i d l an d d i s tri c tof E n g l an d , of then am eof
Wal m es l ey , u n d erthef ei g n ed n am e of P as tori n i , pu b l i s hed an E x pos i ti on of theA poc al y ps e, i n w hi c hhem ad eou t,
b y s om em od e of c al c u l ati on w hi c h I hav en ev erb een ab l etos ee, thatthem i l l en i u m w ou l d takepl ac eattheen d of
they ear1 8 2 4 .H erew ehav eex ac tl y threeg reatNeros es toay ear, f rom the, b i rthof Chri s t .S om eti m eaf terthe
y ear1 8 2 4 had pas s ed , hi s f ol l ow ers f ou n d ou tthati tw as aty pog raphi c al m i s take, an d thati tou g httob e1 8 2 9 , an d ,
tos av e thec red i t of
theR om an b i s hop, they s ay , i torheon l y al l u d ed tothepeac ew hi c hw as tob eg i v en totheI ri s h
R om i s hChu rc hb y theD u ke of Wel l i n g ton ' s f am ou s E m an c i pati on Bi l l i n 1 8 2 9
.T hu s pri es ts d ec ei v e, an d d u pes are
d ec ei v ed
.S eeT i m es n ew s paper, f oral etterf rom D u b l i n , d ated A pri l 2 4 th, 1 8 2 9 .
1 1 Qu oted b y D r .P ri tc hard .

' H i s t, M an i c h .L i v .i v .Ch.i .
BookX .ChapterVI .S ec ti on 9

70 9
w ord f or w i s d om
i n thepl u ral f em i n i n e : then i tw i l l b e
b y thew i s d om s God c reated . T hu s then
theol d S am ari tan j u s ti f i es m y ren d eri n g of R as i t .
P hi l oc al l s theL og os A pX71
.'
T heL og os b ei n g prov ed tob e w i s d om , A pXq m u s tc on s equ en tl y
m ean w i s d om .
s
On kel os tran s l ates thew n rd b y i am r v erb u m , 3 w hen c ec om es thew ord
K ` l m n
m i m ra,
a
w ord
or
v oi c e, w hi c hI s u ppos ei s thes am eas theBathkol
5prn n a
b et- ql , d au g hter
of v oi c e . A s theH eb rew n am ef orGod , A L , i s s ai d tohav ethem ean i n g of
c u rs e,
s o QL has the
m ean i n g of
v i l e
.
T hes eari s ef rom them i s u n d ers tood i d eaof thed es troy er .T heA m ar,
4
M i m ra,
an d Bathkol , hav eal l them ean i n g of L og os an d R as . From thi s w ord QL v oi c e, c om es theGreek
x aaew an d E n g l i s h c al l , w hi c hM r .Cl el an d has s hew n has them ean i n g of w i s d om i n theCel ti c
l an g u ag e : w hen c ec om es ou rw ord c al l i n g orv oc ati on , b othev i d en tl y c on n ec ted w i ththei d eaof
v oi c e, w ord , an d w i s d om .' T heNes tori an s hav ethei rs erv i c ei n theChal d ean ton g u e .
s
Nes -
tori u s w as aGerm an i n theti m eof T heod os i u s
. T hi s b ri n g s tom y rec ol l ec ti on theas s erti on of
D r
.Ged d es , thathew ou l d s om ed ay prov e, thatthel an g u ag eof theS ax on s ( thati s , theS ac ae,
Bu d d haw as S ac a) w as n earl y pu reH eb rew . H ereareas on pres en ts i ts el f w hy w ehav es om an y
H eb rew w ord s i n E n g l i s h . When theS ax on s arri v ed i n Bri tai n they m u s thav es poken al m os t
thes am el an g u ag eas then ati v es .
I rec ol l ec tn othi n g i n hi s tory ag ai n s tthi s c on c l u s i on . I s hal l
hav em u c htos ay on thi s s u b j ec thereaf ter
. QL has al s o, I thi n k, them ean i n g of
w om b x o ; a ; a, an d
thu s of thef em al eg en erati v epow er, thed au g hterof theL og os orof Wi s d om , an d al s oof the
Greek
x a% og , g ood or b eau ti f u l . J ehov ahb y w i s d om hathf ou n d ed theearth, b y ( Bi n ah) u n d er-
s tan d i n g b athhees tab l i s hed theheav en s . P rov
.i i i .1 9 . T heT arg u m al s ou s es thew ord
D 1 a qd m
f ortheL og os orR as , w hi c hm ean s
f i rs t, an d Bi n ahf orthef ol l ow i n g w ord , w hi c hm ean s s ec on d ,
f rom hi s , b i n u s , 8
; 8 u ~ u .os .
P roc l u s , on theT i m aeu s , s ay s , thataf terthew el l - kn ow n s en ten c eon thetem pl eof I s i s w ere
ad d ed thew ord s
ov era) x ap7rov E T E x oy , j Xi os
E VE I I E T O- T hef ru i tw hi c hI hav eb rou g htf orthi s
thes u n . T hi s aton c eprov es thatI s i s w as D i v i n eWi s d om , an d thatthes u n w as n otad ored as
theCreator, b u ton l y as an em b l em
.
A then w i s on l y Nei theorNei tha, w ri tten ' an ag ram m ati c al l y , orH eb rai c al l y av ery l i ttl ec or-
ru pted .
I s i s w as c al l ed Nei thorw i s d om : s hew as theGod d es s of S ai s , w hi c hprob ab l y m ean s
S av i ou r, f rom
y t
v
i s o
an d ~ 1 %
c o,
an d al s ow i s d om f rom s c i o tokn ow orb ew i s e
.
Wi s d om w as the
S av i ou r ;
thu s they al l d ov etai l i n toon ean other .
T heterm S of i ,
7
s ay s K n ol l es , s i g n i f i es am on g thes epeopl e
a
w i s e m an , orthei n terpreterof
theGod s . T hi s w ord i s thes am eas theGreek
Fo4 ; a .
s
Fors teraf terw ard s ay s ,
1 S om ec l as s es
" c
of theS hi ahs b el i ev ethatA l i w as an i n c arn ati on of theD ei ty , w hoperc ei v i n g , they s ay , the
tQ
m i s s i on w hi c hhad b een d el eg ated on M oham ed tob e i n c om pl ete, as s u m ed thepers on of thi s
~ Q
Cal i ph, f orthepu rpos eof f i x i n g theM os l em f ai than d pow eron af i rm erb as i s ." 9 H ere, ag ai n ,
thed oc tri n es of theten thi n c arn ati on , thereg en erati on , an d m etem ps y c hos i s , s hew them s el v es ;
1 D eCon f u s .L i n g .
P .
2 67 . B.

f
M au r.I n d .A n t.Vol .I V
.pp
.9 4 , 9 5.
' From thec l os ec on n ex i on b etw een theL og os an d theL am b , l am b s c am etob ec al l ed rn i n i t am ru t.
4 Qy .R am at
6
T heab s ol u tei d en ti ty of theCel ti c an d theH eb rew has b een m ai n tai n ed , atg reatl en g th, i n theU n i v ers al H i s tory ,
i n
Vol .XVI I I
.p
.3 63 , Vol .V.p
.4 1 1 ; s eeal s oD i s s ert .on H i s t .of I rel an d , D u b l i n , 1 753 , p .4 8 .
S an d y s ' T rav el s , p.1 3 5.
'
Gi v en toam an c al l ed I s hm ael , w how as , I thi n k, thean c es torof theBattan ean s .
1 1 Fors ter' s T rav el s , Vol .I I .p .1 2 7.

9 I b i d . p.1 3 0 .
71 0 R as i t . Wi s d om ,
b u ttheti m eof theten thi n c arn ati on b ei n g pas s ed , theperpetu al ren ew al orreg en erati on , l i ke
thos eof T i b etan d R om e, i s b eg i n n i n g toari s e ;
an d I thi n ki tv ery prob ab l ethattheperpetu al
ren ew al of T i b etaros eon l y s i n c eab ou tA
.D .1 2 0 0 .
T hem i s s i on of M oham ed w as n otc om pl ete, b ec au s ei tw ou l d n otb ec om pl eted ti l l theen d of
hi s c y c l e, w hen theM i l l en i u m c om m en c ed
.I n theI n d i an b ooks w eread ac c ou n ts of pri n c es
b ei n g ex trem el y d es i rou s of es tab l i s hi n g aeras b y thei rn am es
.T hi s has b een m i s taken , I thi n k .
T hey w i s hed toes tab l i s hthem s el v es as i n c arn ati on s of thec y c l ei n w hi c hthey l i v ed , as Cm s ar
an d s ev eral others d i d
.T hes i x ty y earorVri has pati c y c l ew as on l y ad ec i m al of the60 0 y ear
orNeros c y c l e, an d i tm ad en od i f f eren c ei n c al c u l ati on w hetheron eortheotherw as u s ed - ten
Vri has pati s b ei n g equ al toon eNeros
.
Of thed i f f eren td ream s w hi c hhav eterri f i ed thei m ag i n ati on s of thew eakerc l as s of m an ki n d ,
therei s , perhaps , n oon ew hi c hhas pl ay ed ag reaterg am ethan thatof thef earof A n ti c hri s t, a
pers on w hom I b el i ev etohav eb een pretty g en eral l y m i s u n d ers tood
.T hew ord A w r1
, Ypr) S os I
b el i ev ed oes n otm ean apers on oppos ed toChri s t, b u tas u b s ti tu tef orChri s t- an otherChri s t, a
Chri s ti n s u c c es s i on
.I n ou rs ac red b ooks thed i s c i pl es arec on s tan tl y w arn ed ag ai n s tf al s e
Chri s ts , b u tn ow herei s i ts ai d thattheres hal l n otb ean otherChri s t .T hi s i s al l i n u n i s on w i th
theprophec y i n J ohn , thatJ es u s w ou l d s en d apers on tothem i n s om ec apac i ty orother
.M o-
ham ed w as b el i ev ed tob ethi s A n ti c hri s t, an d s ow as b othH aki m Bem ri l l ahan d S t .Fran c i s .I t
i s , as I hav es ai d b ef ore, n othi n g b u ttheH i n d oos y s tem , eac hparty b el i ev i n g thattheten thi n -
c arn ati on w as w i ththem .T hec i rc u m s tan c ethatan A n ti c hri s toran otherChri s ts hou l d b ef ore-
tol d i s v ery c u ri ou s , an d c ertai n l y Fl oy eran d s ev eral otherChri s ti an s hav es hew n as tri ki n g
s i m i l ari ty b etw een theprophec i es of theChri s ti an s an d M oham ed
:
b u tthey n ev erd i s c ov erthat
thi s ari s es , i n ag reatm eas u re, f rom M oham ed an d ev otees d oi n g ev ery thi n g i n thei rpow ertoai d
theChri s ti an s , as they hol d thatM oham ed w as thereal A n ti c hri s t- thepers on f oretol d b y J ohn
.
1 0 .T heT em pl ars w ereac c u s ed of w ors hi pi n g ab ei n g c al l ed Bahu m i d , an d Baf om et, orK haru f
.
M r .H am m er I s ay s thatthi s w ord w ri tten i n A rab i c has them ean i n g of Cal f , an d i s w hatK i rc her
c al l s A n i m aM u n d i . I ti s d i f f i c u l tn ottob el i ev ethatthi s K haru f i s ou rCal f .Bahu m i d m u s t
b eP i theE g y pti an em phati c arti c l e, an d
rok am i d
the d es i reof al l n ati on s ,
thati s M oham ed .T he
A s s as s i n s , w em u s trec ol l ec t, ares ai d tohav ew ors hi ped ac al f , b u tou rtrav el l ers w hotel l u s thi s
s tory , d on ottel l u s thatthey s aw thec al f , an d i ti s eas y toperc ei v ethatthey taketheac c ou n t, as
w el l as thec u s tom of theA s s as s i n s of ri s i n g u pto pl ay , 2
as ou rBi b l ew ou l d c al l i t, f rom thei r
M oham ed an en em i es .I f they hav eac al f i n u s eas an em b l em , I s hou l d c on s i d eri taproof that
they areatri b eof ex trem ean ti qu i ty , w hi c hthou g hhol d i n g thed oc tri n es of theten i n c arn ati on s ,
y ets ti l l c l i n g s tothean c i en tw ors hi pof T au ru s .I ti s of thes am en atu reas thepi c tu rei n R u s s i a
of thehol y f am i l y i n w hi c hthec al f i s f ou n d i n s tead of theR am .
T hey of ten n am eari teord oc tri n ec al l ed theBapti s m of Wi s d om
.T hi s has b een s ai d tob e
them ean i n g of thes ec on d w ord Baf om et, an d i s f rom theGreek
Bac p
- j M i ros .
T hes tory of theGn os ti c s an d T em pl ars w ors hi pi n g an I D OL
c al l ed Baf om etan d Bahu m i d i n
thes en s ei n w hi c hw ec om m on l y u s ethew ord w ors hi p,
I l ooku pon as total l y i n c red i b l e .Bu t
P rotes tan ts al w ay s f org etors hu tthei rey es tothed i s ti n c ti on b etw een theD e? es aan d A arps u a .
I f they had af i g u reas an ef f i g y of theBac P i j M i ) zeos , b apti s m of w i s d om , they prob ab l y pai d i t
thes am eki n d of ad orati on as P rotes tan ts pay totheb read an d w i n ei n theE u c hari s t, an d as ou r
ki n g pay s totheb l ac ks ton eon w hi c hhes i ts tob ec row n ed
.I ti s v ery c l earthatthi s Baf om et
i s theL og os , tow hi c hthey g av ethi s n am e- thes ec on d pers on of theT ri n i ty
.H ow ev er, the
1 On A n c .A l p.P raef.p .x i i i .

I E x od .x x x i i
.6 .
Book X.
ChapterVI .S ec ti on 1 0

71 1
c i rc u m s tan c es al tog etherrai s eas tron g prob ab i l i ty , thatthed oc tri n es of theA s s as s i n s an d the
T em pl ars w erethes am e
.
I n thef ou rthn u m b erof theForei g n Qu arterl y R ev i ew , pu b l i s hed b y T reu tel an d Wu rtz, m ay
b ef ou n d av ery i n teres ti n g ac c ou n tof theT em pl ars , thou g hI thi n kn otac orrec ton e
; f or, u pon
thei ri n n oc en c eof Gn os ti c i s m , thereares ev eral thi n g s total l y u n ac c ou n tab l e
.Bu tof thei rc ri m es ,
totheex ten tc harg ed , I d on otb el i ev eas i n g l ew ord
.T hei r( 3 aq5rl p, 4 T eos , orb apti s m of w i s d om ,
I d ob el i ev e, an d thatou tof i tw as prob ab l y f orm ed , b y thei ren em i es , thei rBaf om et, then am eof
thei m ag ethey w erec al u m n i ou s l y s ai d tohav ew ors hi ped , an d w hi c hi s al l eg ed tob eac orru pti on
of M oham ed , orm ean tf orM oham ed , w hi c h, i f tru e, as I al l eg e, m u s thav eb een m ean tf orthel as t
i n c arn ati on of d i v i n ew i s d om , u n ti l thef ai l u reof theM i l l en i u m prov ed thathem i g hthav eb een an
i m pos tororf an ati c , b u tn oi n c arn ati on of d i v i n ew i s d om - of theD ei ty
.
T hetru thc reeps f rom u n d erthev ei l , i n thei n s tan c eof thes y m b ol of theR ed - c ros s K n i g hts
T em pl ars
.T hei rb ad g e, thered c ros s w i th
E I GH T P OI NT S , them on og ram of theBu d d hi s ts
of T i b etan d of theM an i c hm an s I c on n ec tb eau ti f u l l y .
T hi s b ad g ew as areal T al i s m an
.I n
peac ei tc om m an d ed theri g hts of hos pi tal i ty .I n b attl eon ered c ros s w ou l d , of c ou rs e, n ev er
s tri kean other ;
thou g hthey m i g ht, as i n thec as eof theI s hm ael i au s an d theT em pl ars , f rom c i r-
c u m s tan c es b eob l i g ed tooppos eeeac hother .
T herev en u es of theT em pl ars i n thetw el f thc en tu ry ares ai d tohav eam ou n ted tos i x m i l l i on
pou n d s s terl i n g ay ear
.Notw i ths tan d i n g thi s i m m en s ew eal th, i ti s v ery c ertai n that
thei rc hi ef s
w ererepeated l y g u i l ty of b etray i n g theChri s ti an c au s etotheA s s as s i n s , an d toac c ou n tf orthi s ,
i n on ei n s tan c e, av ery m i s erab l epi ttan c eof m on ey i s s tated tohav eb een therew ard , 3 0 0 0 pi ec es
of g ol d
.T hi s I c an n otb el i ev eof am an of s u c hi m m en s ew eal thas thei rc hi ef
.On taki n g the
v ow s they tookthem os ts ol em n oaths of f i d el i ty totheChri s ti an c au s e, b u tthey tookthem as
ad m i n i s tered toon ean other, an d i n thes en s ew hi c hthey al on em i g htu n d ers tan d
.H ow i s al l
thi s apparen tc on trad i c ti on
to
b erec on c i l ed ?
I b el i ev ethey tookthei roaths tothec au s eof the
X
prf c og , theChrees ti an c au s e, an d thati f as m al l b od y of theK n i g hts s eparated f rom theH os -
pi tal l ers tof orm theord erof T em pl ars of theT em pl e, of thean c i en t
c i rc u l ar orc y c l artem pl es ,
n otof thec hu rc h, ( thei rc hu rc hes d i f f eri n g f rom al l otherc hu rc hes i n thew orl d i n b ei n g of the
c i rc u l arf orm , ) they had b ec om epros el y tes toorw ereof an opi n i on i n i ts n atu reM an i c haean , that
H akem Bem ri l l ahw as , as hew as c l ai m ed b y hi s f ol l ow ers tob e, theten thav atar- they w ere
b el i ev ers i n s om es en s ei n theE v an g el i u m E tern u m , an d thu s they c on ti n u ed tob eti l l thepas s i n g
y ears prov ed thef al s i ty of thei rs y s tem , as w el l as thatof theFran c i s c an s
.T hen , thou g hthey
prob ab l y ab an d on ed theM i l l en i u m , they retai n ed partof thei rM an i c haean orGn os ti c d oc tri n es
.
T hu s w i ththeA s s as s i n s they w ereen em i es of theCal i phs , thou g hi n s om es en s eM oham ed an ;
an d , thou g hf ri en d s totheM oham ed an I s hm ael i tes , they w eres ti l l Chri s ti an s , b u ti tw as the
Gn os ti c Chri s ti an i ty , w hi c hw as i n f ac ttheori en tal Bu d d hi s m of thean c i en tGy m n os ophi s taeor
S am an ean s , of w hi c hw es hal l pres en tl y s eem ore .
T heT em pl ars w ered i v i d ed i n toord ers ex ac tl y af terthes y s tem of theA s s as s i n s : K n i g hts ,
E s qu i res , an d l ay b rethren , an s w eri n g totheR ef ec k, Fed av ee, an d L as eek, of theA s s as s i n s ; as
the P ri or, Gran d P ri or, an d
Gran d M as ter, of thef orm er, c orres pon d w i ththe D ai , D ai - al - keb i r,
an d S hei k
of them ou n tai n , of thel atter .A s theI s hm ael i teR ef ec kw as
c l ad i n w hi te, w i th a red
m arkof d i s ti n c ti on , s o
theK n i g htof theT em pl ew oreaw hi tem an tl ead orn ed w i thared m arkof
d i s ti n c ti on - thered c ros s
.I ti s prob ab l ethatthered c ros s w as w orn b y b oth, 2
thou g hf or s om e
reas on i t i s keptb ac k.T heau thors ay s ,
a
A s theI s hm ael i teR ef ec kw as c l ad i n w hi te, w i tha
' Vol
.X.A s i ati c R es earc hes .

2 Forei g n Qu arterl y R ev i ew , No
.I I .p .4 64 .
71 2

R as i t . Wi s d om
"
red m arkof d i s ti n c ti on ,
s o
theK n i g htof theT em pl ew oreaw hi tem an tl ead orn ed w i ththered
" c ros s
." I ti s rem arkab l ethatthey w erec al l ed i l l u m i n ators
; i an d I s u s pec t thered m ark of
d i s ti n c ti on
n otd es c ri b ed w as ared ei g ht- poi n tc ros s , orared ros eon ac ros s
.Why has n otthe
R ev i ew ertol d u s w hati tw as
?
I n thev ery hi g hes tord ers of Freem as on s , v i z
.theT em pl ars an d R os s i c ru c i an s , as I i m ag i n e
them tob e, therei s n oem b l em m ores ac red than thec ros s
.H ereI s top .Verb u m S api en ti .
M r
.H am m erhas ob s erv ed , thatthei d en ti ty of thes y m b ol s of theT em pl ars an d of the
A rc hi tec ton i c i , b y w hom hem ean s theFreem as on s , ared em on s trated
.Bu thed oes n otd ou b t
thattheA rc hi tec ton i c i ex i s ted b ef oretheT em pl ars
: hes ay s , D oc tri n aeA rc hi tec ton i c aes y m b ol a,
f i g u reen i m i ru m m athem ati c aeeti n s tru m en taaed i f i c atori a, qu aei n pi c tu ri s ec c l es i aeT em pl ari oru m
eti n s c u l ptu ri s Baphom etoru m i n v en i m u s , ead em eti am i n aed i f i c i i s an ti qu i ori b u s , praec i pu e
S c oti c i s , eti n m on u m en ti s Gn os ti c i s u ti n s i g i l l i s etA b rax i s c on s pi c i u n tu r( v i d eI c on es ex
M ac ari od es u m ptas , eti n orn atu m f ron ti s pi c i i l i b ri s u i
a Ni c ol ai oad hi b i tas ) ; s ed ead em j am i n
m on u m en ti s v etu s ti ori s ad hu c aev i , n i m i ru m R om an i s d eprehen d u n tu r( v i d etab u l aI V
.f i g .9 , i n
m y f i g u res , No
.3 3 ) ex qu oru m i n s c ri pti on i b u s n i hi l arg u erel i c et, haec m on u m en taab arc hi tec ti s
au tf ab ri s m u rari i s pos i taf u i s s e
. 2
A g ai n hes ay s , S en atu s c on s u l to( i rri to) u rb e, pu l s os , etex
hi s ad ori en tal em P hi l os ophi am , Chal d ai c am , S y ri ac am , etE g y pti ac am , ref errel i c eb i t
.H ereM r.
H am m erref ers theM athem ati c i an s toa
CH A L D A I C ori g i n al
.I n thef orm erpartof thes en ten c e
hehad i d en ti f i ed theM athem ati c i an s an d theA rc hi tec ti orFreem as on s
.I n thi s I thi n khei s
perf ec tl y c orrec t
.T heChal d ean s an d theM athem ati c i an s of w hom w eread i n theA u g u s ti n ag e
as b ei n g thef ortu n e- tel l ers , orthem ag i c i an s , orj u d i c i al as trol og ers of theg reatm en of thed ay
i n R om e, w erei n f ac tFreem as on s , an d of thi s theem b l em s , ab ov ec opi ed f rom hi s w ork, i n pl ate
I V
., areas u f f i c i en tproof
.I n eed n ottel l an y on e, w hetherM as on orn ot, how l arg eas pac ethe
hi s tory of theb u i l d i n g of thetem pl eof S ol om on oc c u pi es i n thec erem on i es of M as on ry .A n d I
thi n kI n eed n otrem i n d m y read erthatthetem pl eof S ol om on , w i thi ts J aki m an d Boaz,
d i s pl ay s ev i d en tm arks of A s trol og y an d A s tron om y i n ev ery part
.A l l thes ac red n u m b ers , an d
thes eas tron om i c al s y m b ol s , rel ated i rec tl y totheb u i l d i n g of
thetem pl eof theu n i v ers e . T he
w hol etem pl ei s am i c roc os m oran em b l em of theu n i v ers e, an d thehi s tory of theb u i l d i n g of i t
i s aGen es i s :
an d u n d ertheal l eg ory , ab eau ti f u l an d ref i n ed c os m og on y i s c on c eal ed .
I n theb u i l d i n g of thetem pl eof S ol om on them os tprof ou n d s i l en c eprev ai l ed
; n otan ai l w as
d ri v en , n otab l ow w as s tru c k
.A s theCreatorb u i l tu ptheed i f i c eof thew orl d f rom m atter
prev i ou s l y prepared , s oi n l i kem an n erw as ev ery thi n g prepared i n thetem pl e
.Wi s d om , the
L og os , w as theM eg al hi s tororGran d A rc hi tec tof theU n i v ers e
.S ol om on T H E WI S H w as the
Gran d A rc hi tec tof theM i c roc os m of thetem pl e
.T hearc hi tec torb u i l d erof theu n i v ers ew as the
L og os , theP ri n c eof P eac e
.T hearc hi tec torb u i l d erof thetem pl e, w as S ol om on , thepri n c eof
Z ero- S al em or
thehol y peac e .
By hi s L og os , w ord , orc om m an d , God f orm ed thew orl d .By hi s
w ord , w i thou tab l ow of ham m er, S ol om on f orm ed thetem pl e
.D om i n u s i n S api en ti af u n d av i t
terrai n
; d i s pos u i tc eel os i n I n tel l i g en ti d
.P rov .i i i .1 9 .
I n theWi s d om of S ol om on an d E c c l es i as ti c u s thes ec retd oc tri n eof theR as , orWi s d om , or
L og os , thati s , of theCab al aan d theGn os i s , i s c on ti n u al l y s hew i n g i ts el f
: 3 thou g htherec an b e
n od ou b tthatthei n ten ti on of the tran s l ators i s
toc on c eal i tas m u c has pos s i b l e
.P erhaps they
_ d i d n otu n d ers tan d theCab al i s ti c d oc tri n e
.I thi n kI c an n otw el l w i s hf oram ored ec i s i v eproof
of thetru thof m y s y s tem than thatS ol om on s hou l d b eaten - m on thc hi l d l i keH erc u l es , A l ex an -
d er, Caes ar, & c ., & c ., as i s prov ed b y Wi s d
.v i i .2
.T hekn ow l ed g eof thed oc tri n eof thec y c l es
an d of theab errati on s of thepl an ets i s s hew n c h .v i i
.v ers .1 8 , 1 9 .
Forei g n Qu arterl y R ev i ew , No .I I .p .4 64 .

s P .4 3 .

3
Wi s d om i .6, i v .9 , 1 0 , & c .
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 0
71 3
I n ev ery qu arterof theg l ob ew ehav em etw i thac u ri ou s repeti ti on of n am es
.Wehav e
n u m erou s ri v erD on s , J ord an s , m ou n ts Ol y m pu s , A rg o, & c . ; an d i f w ec on s i d erthem atten ti v el y ,
I thi n kw es hal l s eereas on tob el i ev e, thatthi s w as i n c on s equ en c eof eac htri b e, w hen i tb ec am e
f i x ed , hav i n g es tab l i s hed arou n d i ti ts ow n l i ttl em y thos w hi c hi thad b rou g htf rom theE as t
: i ts
s ac red m ou n t, i ts A rg o, i ts D on , i ts L ab y ri n thperhaps , & c .T hu s w hen theM an d ai tes orthe
Nou s ai rean s , i n c om parati v el y - s peaki n g m od ern ti m es , arri v ed i n S y ri a, they f ou n d them ou n t
Carm el , them ou n tof theg ard en of God , thes ac red I r- d on , thec i ty of Nazareth, & c
. I s tron g l y
s u s pec tthatthos epers on s w ereon l y d es c en d an ts , oras u c c es s i on of thef i rs tM an d ai tes or
Nou s ai rean s orNazarean s , d ri v en ou tf rom thec i ty of theCy c l opaean M u n d orew hen i tw as
d es troy ed , an d of w hi c htheres ti l l arethei m m en s eru i n s . T heI s hm ael i an s w ereas u c c es s i on of
thes am epeopl e . A n atten ti v eob s erv erc an n otf ai l tos eethes am em y thos u n d eras u c c es s i on of
l ead ers , perhaps al l hav i n g thes i m i l ard oc tri n eof i n c arn ati on s , b u tu n d erd i f f eren tn am es , an d
n ec es s ari l y w i ths om ev ari ati on s . When I c on s i d eral l thec i rc u m s tan c es rel ati n g toE l i as - hi s
g reatm i rac l es w hen heov erc am ethepri es ts of Baal - then u m erou s c i rc u m s tan c es w hi c hten d to
prov eNazarethas ac red pl ac e, an d thel aw s res pec ti n g Nazari tes , theros eof S haron b ei n g c al l ed
Nazi r, thes c hool s of theprophets w hi c hw ereon them ou n tof Carm el orthev i n ey ard of God , I
c an n othel ps u s pec ti n g thatthes eNazarean s w erethes am ew i ththeM an d ai tes , w how erec al l ed
Nou s ai rean s .' T heA rab i c Nu zu rm ean s prophet.
I had l on g s ou g hti n v ai n f orthem ean i n g of thew ord D on , w hi c h, f rom i ts u n i v ers al i ty , i s
ev i d en tl y aw ord of g reati m portan c ei n m y s y s tem , w hen I f ou n d i ti n P ers i a .D r .H ag ars ay s
thattheP ers i an n am ef or
s c i en c e
or
kn ow l ed g e, w hi c hI c al l w i s d om , i s D an u s h . 2 When c ec om es
theP ers i an w ord Behar- d an u s h, ortheg ard en of kn ow l ed g e .T hi s g ard en of D an u s hi s the
g ard en of A d on i s . 3 T heri v erA rax es , w ehav ef orm erl y s een , w as c al l ed D on . T hi s ri v er
w as an c i en tl y c al l ed b y theA rab i an s , R os h
. T hi s i s R as orWi s d om . A tran s l ati on of the
w ord D an
. 4 A rax i s prob ab l y on l y R as w i ththeem phati c arti c l e . T hean c i en tn am eof the
P ers i an I s pahan A s pad an a ex hi b i ts thes am em y thos , as thatof theP ad u s of I n d i aan d I tal y .
I am s ati s f i ed that P ad an d Bu d w erethes am ew ord s , an d as D on i n an c i en tP ers i an m ean t
w i s d om , thi s s eem s c on f i rm ed . I hav el i ttl ed ou b tthattheD ru i d i c al c ol l eg es i n g rov es w ere
g ard en s of A d on i s , l i keou ru n i v ers i ti es , i n ten d ed toed u c atey ou n g pers on s i n s c i en c eas w el l
as rel i g i on , an d theref orerepres en ted b y others ec ts as rec eptac l es of v i c e. Bu t -
they m i g ht
b e, l i keou ru n i v ers i ti es , n ottoog ood . D r .H ag aral s os ay s , " D an ai n P ers i an s i g n i f i es a
GC w i s eorl earn ed m an
." 5 T hi s , head d s , i s d eri v ed ; thati s , i ti s thes am eas theChal d ai c
m i n
I n a,
al earn ed m an
. From thi s c om es thew ord T i tan s
. T hey w ereT at- tan s .
T at- tan i s thew i s d om
of Bu d d ha
; an d f rom thi s w ord
tan a, w i s e, c am ethen am eof thel aw s w hi c htheI ri s hb oas tof s o
m u c hf orthei rw i s d om , an d w hi c hthey c al l thel aw s of T an i s try .T heP ers i an s al s ohav ethe
w ord
D an i s h- M E ND w hi c hhas thes am em ean i n g ( thi s , I thi n k, i s l earn ed m i n d or m an ) .
T he
H i n d oos of Ben g al an d Bom b ay u s ethew ord
D an i s h- M E ND i n thes am es en s e .
A l i ttl ec on s i d erati on w i l l s erv etos hew thati n ev ery c as e
M en u
has aref eren c etom i n d , to
u n d ers tan d i n g , tow i s d om
. H erew eatl as tc om etotheori g i n of thew ord M an an d H om o,
hom i n i s an d Nem o, n em i n i s , i
.e
.n e- hom o
.M an i s the M n of Om hom an , orhu m an
.I n hu m an i s
then eg ati v eof hu m an
.T heM en d of P ers i ai s M n - d i hol y M n Om - m an n u s , m i n d of
Om .I n
1 M atter, Vol .I I .p.3 9 4 .

4
D i s s .on Bab .Bri c ks , p
.7.
3
I n Wes tern S y ri ai s ari v erof A d on i s ; thi s i s n ow c al l ed theri v erof A b raham orof Brahm a .T hi s s eem s tom e
as tri ki n g c i rc u m s tan c e, w hen I rec ol l ec tthattherei s ac i ty
of A d on i s i n Col l i d a, i n S ou thI n d i a
.
I
P ax ton , I l l u s t
.of S c ri p . Vol .I
.P
.73 .

6 P .2 2 .
71
.1

R as i t .Wi s d om
I ri s hOm m ean s m an , Om on a hu m an . I
Vos s i u s , S c al i g er, an d others , d eri v etheA m an u s or
Om an os of theP ers i an s f rom
orhu m Chom , Cal or ; u n d e rm r7 hm e,
S ol etI g n i s . 2 T herec an b e
n od ou b tthatthey arethes am ew ord s . I f w el ookb ac ktoBk
.V .Chap .V.S ec t .2 , w es hal l f i n d
thatNoahi s c al l ed ' ri i ' i n hm n i. I
hav en ev erb een s ati s f i ed w i ththeety m on w hi c hI hav ethere
g i v en . I n thef i rs tw ord
i t
i n or i n i w e
hav etheGreekw ord f oras on . A propheti n I n d i ai s
c al l ed aM u n i orw i s em an .
T hi s s eem s tob ethes am eas M en u . A n d hen c eI thi n khas c om e
ou rNh m i n d , thes on of theM u n i .
Noahw as an A v atarorren ew ed i n c arn ati on .M an n u s am an ,
n am eof Noah . 3 M i n d an d M an w ere, i n f ac t, thes am e .M an w as an i n c arn ati on of thehol y
m i n d , M n - d i = M n = 650
.
T heroot, M an , thi n k, rem em b er, m akes i n thepreteri teM am an ac or-
res pon d i n g w i th M en ai n i t. From thi s rootc om es M an a, m en s , m i n d .
T hen am eof thef i rs t
hu m an b ei n g M an u i s ob v i ou s l y d eri v ed f rom thi s root, an d s i g n i f i es
en d ow ed w i threas on . M an -
ki n d arehen c en am ed M an av a- am an , s on of M an u ; thi s w ord b ei n g thereg u l arpatron y m i c of
M an u . From thi s w ord theGothi c w ord M an n , i s m an i f es tl y d eri v ed , b u ttheGerm an s appearto
hav eretai n ed s om etrad i ti on of M an u hi m s el f .
T ac i tu s s ay s of theGerm an s , c el eb ran tc arm i n i b u s
an ti qu i s T u i s ton em d eu m terraed i tu m etf i l i u m M an n u m ori g i n em g en ti s c on d i tores qu e . 4
T heM an d ai tes tau g htthatf rom thethron eof God f l ow ed a J ou rd ai n pri n ai ti f ,
of thepu rew ater
of l i f e, f rom w hi c hag ai n f l ow ed 3 60 , 0 0 0 J ou rd ai n s . When w ec on s i d ertheproof w hi c hI hav e
g i v en thattheJ ord an on l y m ean ttheri v erof w i s d om orof A d on i s orof thes u n , them ean i n g of
thi s w i l l b es u f f i c i en tl y c l ear . T heob s erv ati on ab ov ei n d u c es M on s
.M attertom akethef ol l ow i n g
c u ri ou s ob s erv ati on , w hi c hc hew s thatw i thou tm y theory thef ac ts u pon w hi c hI hav ef ou n d ed i t
f orc ed them s el v es u pon hi m : f
1
L en om d eM an es , M an i on M an i tho, reg oi tpeu t- etrei c i s on ex -
1 pl i c ati on
. I l s ' appel l ai tM an o, i n tel l i g en c ed el u m i Cre, c om m eS i m on l em ag i c i en s ed i s ai t
" 8 u v a ag
u 4 i s ou .
P eu t- etreu n j ou rn ou s parv i en d ron s
a s av oi rs i M an es af ai td es em pru n ts
9 1
au x M an d al tes , on , s i c es d ern i ers f u ren ten qu el qu ec hos es es d i s c i pl es
?
I l es tv rai qu el es
" M an d ai tes , s on tl es en n em i s d es M an i c hd en s ;
m ai s i l s s on teg al em en tc eu x d es Chreti en s etd es
" J u i f s , eti l s prof i ten tn ean m oi n s d es d oc tri n es d es u n s etd es au tres
." 5
Carc ham , s oc el eb rated i n thehi s tory of M an i , i s c al l ed S y ri aan d M es opotam i ab y theT artars
.
K arm ean s
hab i tab l ec ou n try .
T hen I thi n kthi s w ou l d b eK ar on n hkm , c ou n try of w i s d om ,
c ou n try of M an i orM en s , M i n d
Georg i c s s ay s of thi s Carc ham , H oc es tR eg i optea ' rw v
, ro- rapt
WY i n ter- am n i a .
6
H eaf terw ard 7
s hew s thatthi s i s thes am eas Catai a( n ow Cu thay ) , an d
s ay s , Qu i d am au tem K athai am S OP H I T 1 9
reg i on em , qu i u n u s f u i tex n om arc hi s i n hac M es opo-
tam i ac ol l oc aru n t . T hi s w as theD oab b etw een theI n d u s an d Gan g es , w hi c hhec al l s S oph- i ti s
orthec ou n try of Wi s d om .I tw as thel ou d - i aorYou d y aorOu d e
.
T heM og u l w as theI ri s hM og orM og h ;
an d theM og hw as thehead pri es t- c hi ef pri es t
.
Z oroas ter
or Z erad u s tw as an i n c arn ati on , ag en i u s of ac y c l e
. H ew as c al l ed H akem , s an d al s o
M og orM og h, w hi c hm ean tS api en ti a . H epred i c ted theM es s i ah 9 b y then am el os a, i n I ri s h
E es a, i n A rab i c I s s a . H ec am ef rom thec i ty of Boc haraorof w i s d om orof l earn i n g orof theBoc
orBook
.
Bu tw hen c ec om es thew ord M og h ? T hew ord og h i n I ri s hm ean s c i rc l e, pu re, hol y ,
ahero, an d eag w i s d om ;
1 0
thes am ei n theS an s c ri t, an d theS an s c ri tYu g orYog .
Now I thi n k
M og hi s thew i s d om orc y c l eof M
: then , b y thereg i m i n e, i tb ec am eM og h
.
T hehi g hes tn ob l e
1 V al l .Col l .H i b .Vol .V.p.67 .

a
I b i d .Vol .I V.p .50 8 .
I n trod .t o Web s ter' s D i c ti on ary , p
.i .n ote .
E d i n b u rg hR ev i ew , of D r .Wi l ki n s ' s A rab i c D i c ti on ary .

' M atters u r Gn os t . Vol .I I .p

.4 0 5 .
6 S ec t . c x v i .

7
I n S ec t . c x v i i .

a
Val l .Col l . H i b . Vol . I V . P t. i .p .1 9 7.
0 Val l .Col l .H i b .Vol .I V.P t
.i .pp.1 9 9 , 2 0 2 .

1 0 I b i d .p .8 2 .
BookX.ChapterVI . S ec ti on 1 1

71 5
an d pri m em i n i s terof theM og u l w as m ad eb y hi m an Om rah, Om - ray . I
T heE es an am ed ab ov e
i s theE tru s c an E s ar1 E s aran d Czes ar, theBrahm i n E es w ar .
s
A m on g theI ri s h
a
an d P ers i an s
4
M og hw as equ al l y then am eof apri es t, an d hen c eM og u l - al - m og h, thepri es tx c ' s Z oXg v .
H ere
w ehav etheori g i n of thew ood , w i thw hi c hthes ac red partof thetem pl eof J eru s al em w as b u i l t,
A l m u g . I tw as thew ood of 5K al
an
n ag , thetreeof w i s d om , thetreeof theM ag u s orw i s em an .
T heChal d w an s hav ethew ord
an
m g , w hen c etheGreeks m ad eM ay os
a
T heI s hm ael i tes arethes am e, I b el i ev e, as theNas areen s orNas ou ri an s , orNes s een es orNes -
s ari es , an d theYezeed i s orYezi d i s orYes d es . M r.Bu c ki n g ham has ob s erv ed thei rs i m i l ari ty to
on ean otheran d totheH i n d ooc as tes . T heYezd es ori n f ac tYes - d es , thati s , thef ol l ow ers of
thehol y Yes orI H S = 60 8 , ares ai d tow ors hi pS atan orS hei tan . M r .Bu c ki n g ham g i v es
an
ac c ou n tof them f rom on eP ereGarzon i , w hos ay s of them , I ts n ' on tn i j ef l n es , n i pri eres
;
etd i s en t, pou rj u s ti f i er1 ' om i s s i on d ec es oeu v res d erel i g i on , qu el es c hei khYezi d as ati s f ai t
pou rtoes c eu x qu i f eron tprof es s i on d es ad oc tri n ej u s qu ' al af i n d u m on d e . T T hej u d g m en t
of thef atheran d thed epen d an c etob epl ac ed on hi m , m ay b ees ti m ated f rom thef ol l ow i n g
pas s ag e, w hi c hheg i v es al i ttl eprev i ou s l y
:
L em ati n , a pei n el es ol ei l c om m en c e- t- i l
a
parof tre, qu ' i l s s ej etten t a g en ou x l es pi ed s n u s , etqu etou rn es v ers c etas tre, i l s s em etten ti n
ad orati on , l ef ron tc on treterre . T hes epeopl earef ou n d atpres en ti n theM es opotam i aof the
E u phrates , n earapl ac ec al l ed R A S - E L - A I N, ( thef ou n tai n of
w i s d om , )
atthef ootof w hatM r .
Bu c ki n g ham c al l s M ou n tS i n j ar, an d P tol em y M ou n tM as i u s , i n ab ou tl at .3 7+ , on theri v er
K hab oororChab oras .
Garzon i s ay s , they hol d thatthed ev i l w hom they w ors hi p has res i d ed i n
M os es , J es u s , an d M oham ed ;
thatthed ev i l has n on am ei n thei rl an g u ag e, b u t " I ts s es erv en t
" tou tau pl u s pou rl ed es i g n erd ec ettepd ri phras e,
s c hei khm azen , l eg ran d c hef ."
s
I hav ea
s tron g s u s pi c i on thatthes ed w el l ers atthe R A S - E L - A I N, c al l thei rc hi ef S c hei kh R az- en , n ot
M az- en ; an d thatthel atteri s am i s take ; orM - R az- en has b ec om eM azen . T hey areav ery
l arg ean d pow erf u l tri b e . I n thei rc ou n try aChal c b os , an H ou ran , orU rri an aaref ou n d , an d i n
s horttheev i d en trem ai n s of theChal d ean m y thos . I n thei rd oc tri n etheren ew ed i n c arn ati on i n
M os es , J es u s , an d M oham ed , i s ob v i ou s ;
an d thec reati v ean d d es tru c ti v epow erc on f ou n d ed b y
them orb y Garzon i . I n l at
.ab ou t3 5i i s aS u l i m an i a, an d n eari ti s aJ eb el J u d ee .
I n thel an g u ag eof theYezeed i s Yes d an m ean s
God , an d i tm akes Yes d am i n thepl u ral . 1 0 T hi s
i s ev i d en tl y aH eb rew term i n ati on
. T heau thorof theD es ati rc al l s God Yes d an . T hi s rai s es a
pres u m pti on thathew as of thi s tri b e- Yes - d an , Wi s d om , of YE S , or
T H E .
1 1
.Cl el an d s tates thead heren ts of D ru i d i s m tohav ehad v ari ou s n am es ,
Gu y d el i an s , P au l i -
c i an s , M an i c hc ean s , L eog ri an s , Ou g hers ,
1 1
M ay ' s - on s , b es i d es others . Bu tas thew ord M ay ' s - on
i s heretheparti c u l arob j ec tof i n qu i ry , I s hal l c on f i n em y s el f pri n c i pal l y toi t
; an d ev en u pon
that, w i thou tpu s hi n g thean al y s i s l ow er, I s hal l
on l y ob s erv ethat, i n thes en s eof theb ou g h, or
1 Val l
.Col l
.H i b .Vol
.I V.P t .i .pp.3 4 , 3 5 .

s
I b i d .p .8 1 .

s I b i d .
* H y d e, d eR el .Vet.P ers . p.3 57 .

S
I b i d
. p .2 4 2 .
6 T rav el s i n M es opotam i a, S v o., Vol .I .p .2 1 0 .

7
P .2 1 2 .

' I b i d .
Bu c ki n g ham , p .4 74
.

1 0 I b i d . Vol .I I .p .1 0 9 .
1 1 T hew ord P ag an u s d eri v es f rom P ay en : thi s an s w ers toou rol d w ord P ay n i m ; w hi c hm ean taw ors hi perof the
M ay ; aP ay i n hom , oras thel ab i al s P an d M f requ en tl y c on v ert,
a M ay m hom , M ay ' s - hu m , or M as on , w ord s n otm ore
es s en ti al l y d i f f eren tthan H en ri qu es K en ri c k, H en ry H arry , w hi c hareatb ottom al l thes am en am e .T hef es ti v al
M au i m e, i n
S y ri a, n earGaza, ab ol i s hed b y A rc ad i u s , an d s ai d tohav etaken i ts n am ef rom ac ou n try v i l l ag e, w as m ore
l i kel y
a
M ay f es ti v al , or M ai - c hom m e i n s ti tu ted thereb y s om eof theNorthern m i l i tary i n thes erv i c eof Con s tan ti n e
.
T hi s , how ev er, i s on l y as l i g httc on j ec tu re
.Cl el an d ' s A ttem pttores toreCel ti c L i t . p.1 2 1 .
71 6

T em pl ars R es u m ed
of f i c eof j u s ti c e, ( thethy rs u s orthew an d of theM ag i c i an orD ru i d w hi c hCl el an d s hew s tohav e
b een i d en ti c al , ) thew ord M ay i s pri m i ti v etothem on thof M ay , toM ai atheGod d es s of J u s ti c e,
toM aj es tas , an d tothepropern am eam on g theR om an s , of
M ai u s , M ag u s or M aj i u s .
Con s i -
d eri n g too, thattheM ay ( M ay P ol e) w as em i n en tl y theg reats i g n of D ru i d i s m , as theCros s w as
of Chri s ti an i ty , i s therean y thi n g f orc ed orf ar- f etc hed i n thec on j ec tu re, thatthead heren ts of
D ru i d i s m s hou l d takethen am eof
M en of theM ay ,
orM ay ' s - on s ? H erethe on
s tan d s f or
hom m e, as i td oes i n thev ery pol i tes tFren c htothi s d ay ,
on d i t f or hom m ed i t ; or, as an c i en tl y ,
P reu d on
f orP reu d - hom m e, as m ay b es een on thetom b of on eof thehi g hc on s tab l es of Fran c e .'
FreeM as on i s P H - R E - P H
theCopti c em phati c arti c l ean d re thes u n , M as on of thes u n . R e
i s roi , rex , rai , ray , w hen c eP h- aroah . Cl el an d ob s erv es 2 thattheD ru i d s tau g htthed oc tri n es of
an ov erru l i n g prov i d en c e, an d thei m m ortal i ty of thes ou l
: thatthey had al s othei rL en t, thei r
P u rg atory , thei rP arad i s e, thei rH el l , thei rS an c tu ari es ,
an d thes i m i l i tu d eof thel b l ay P ol e
I N
FOR M T OT H E CR OS S ,
3 & C., & C .
From Cl el an d I l earn thati n Cel ti c S ab m ean s w i s e, w hen c eS ab aan d S ab as i u s , n od ou b tw i s e
i hthes tars . From thi s c om es theS ab - b athord ay d ed i c ated toWi s d om , an d theS ab b at, as pe-
c i es of Fren c hM as on ry , 4 an ac c ou n tof w hi c hm ay b es een i n D u l au re' s H i s tory of P ari s
. 5
S u n d ay w as thed ay of i n s tru c ti on of theD ru i d s , w hen c ei tw as c al l ed S ab s , f rom thepreac hm en t
of theS ab s orS ag es orWi s e, S ag arts ac erd os .
6
T hed i s c ov ery of thi s m ean i n g i n thew ord S ab , s u ppl i es al i n kw hi c hs eem ed w an ti n g i n the
c hai n .
A n d I n ow b eg m y read er, b y m ean s of thei n d ex , torev i ew an d torec on s i d erthe
d i f f eren tpas s ag es w herethew ord S ab aean orS ab ai s u s ed , an d hew i l l i n s tan tl y s eehow i ts u p-
ports m y s y s tem i n s ev eral c as es
.A prac ti c ei n theFren c hs c hool s s u ppl i es ag ood c om m en tary
u pon thi s .
T hey had T hes es perf orm ed f ortheex erc i s eof thew i s d om oru n d ers tan d i n g of the
pu pi l s , c al l ed S ab b ati n es :
b u tthey had n othi n g tod ow i ththeS u n d ay , they w eren otperf orm ed
on theS ab b ath, b u ton
an y d ay .
T hed ay s ac red to d i v i n ew i s d om w as thed ay of S ab ,
an d as i t
w as ad ay of res tthew ord
S ab c am etom ean
res t. A n d as thepl an etary b od i es w ereen d ow ed
w i thw i s d om , thed i s pos ers of theaf f ai rs of m en , they w ere$ ab , i n thepl u ral S ab aoat, ou r
S ab aoth .
M r
.H am m er, toac ertai n ex ten t, d oes n oterrv ery m u c hi n hi s ex pl an ati on of Gn os ti c i s m
T otag n os eos d oc tri n a, u tv i d i m u s c i rc ad u opraec i pu epu n c tav ers atu r, Cos m og on i am n em peet
Gen es i n , u t, qu od m ortal i b u s s c i rehau d d atu m es s ev i d etu r, qu om od om u n d u s hi c g en i tu s s i t, et
qu om od operGen es i n c on ti n u am c on s erv etu r, i n d ag aretu r
.
Of theearl i es tw el l - rec ord ed L od g eof Freem as on s w hi c hI hav em etw i th, M r
.H am m erg i v es
thef ol l ow i n g v ery i n teres ti n g ac c ou n t
:
M aj orem m eren tu rf i d em , qu aed epri m aaed i s arc hi tec -
ton i c as eu
d om u s s al om on i c c v
i n s ti tu ti on eex hi s tori c i s arab i c i s ref eri m u s , etc u m n u l l u m tes ti m o-
n i u m hi s tori c u m n ob i s i n n otu eri t, qu od m el i u s i n s ti tu toarc hi tec ton i c oc on g ru at,
c ed em
i l l am
s api en ti c e( D arol - hi km et)
qu am H akem u s
i n f i n es aec u l i u n d ec i m i Cahi rm f u n d av i t, rev eram pri m am
eratg tav ( L od g e)
arc hi tec ton i c am f u i s s ec red i m u s , qu am hi s tori aetes ten tu r
.E ratau tem haec
c ed es s api en ti ae( u tex
M ac ri s i o
d i s c i m u s ) ac ad em i aqu m d am , i n qu aad os ten tu m om n es P hi l os o-
phi s eetM athes i os praec eptatrad eb an tu rreg al i b u s d i v i ti i s au c ta, etf requ en s s tu d i os oru m om n i s
Cl el an d ' s A ttem pttorev i v eCel ti c L i t
. p .1 2 2
.

a
I b i d .p
.1 0 2 .
L ' E s c al opi ers u g g es ts ac u ri ou s ety m ol og i c al c on j ec tu re
. H i s w ord s arethes e :
P roH es o, qu i d em M u m , n on -
n u l l i E s u m s i n eas pi rati on s s u b s ti tu an t, v el J es u m s u b
H es i
n om i n ec u l tu m v ol u n tf u ti l i c om m en to
.Cap.
V.
Cl el an d ,
i b .p.1 0 3
.H eob s erv es thatK ru y s m ean s ac ros s i n theCel ti c ton g u e
.
4 P .4 4 .

1 Vol .VI I I .p
.9 0 .

6
Cl el .S pec .p .9 5 .
BookX.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 1
71 7
g en eri s , ets ex es c aterv i s .
P raeterhan c au tem pu b l i c am d oc tri n am arc an aeti am i b i d em d i s c i -
pl i n ev i g eb at, c u j u s v ari i eran tg rad u s , perqu o' s c an d i d atu s d ed u c tu s ,
i n u l ti m o n i hi l c red ereet
om n i a f ac erel i c ere d oc eb atu r . I
Now I b eg m y read ertoob s erv e, thatthi s L od g eof Freem as on s
w as c al l ed theL od g eof
S OL OM ONorof w i s d om ,
an d thati tw as f ou n d ed b y theBattan ean ( qu ery
Bu d d w an , I s hm ael i an H akem ,
i . e. O7rT
H km orthew i s e, an d thati ttau g htthem athem ati c s ,
an d b es i d es thi s that
c ertai n s ec retd oc tri n es
w eretau g htthere, an d , am on g otherthi n g s , i tw as
tau g ht n i hi l c red ere
. Now , M r
.H am m er' s ob j ec tb ei n g toru n d ow n theM as on s an d Carb on ari
i n ev ery pos s i b l e
w ay ,
I c on s i d eral i ttl eb ef oreI c on s tru ethes ew ord s , an d I g ototheau thori ty
of Fau s tu s , of theM an i c haeau , f oran ex pl an ati on , as I f i n d i tw as al s othei rd oc tri n e, ac c ord i n g
totheac c ou n tof thei ren em i es
; b u tI f i n d they s ay i t w as
n i hi l c red ere, ex c eptaf terc aref u l ex am i -
n ati on ,
an d u n l es s i tw as c on s i s ten tw i ththem oral attri b u tes of God , an d them oral f i tn es s of
thi n g s ;
an d they s ev erel y c en s u red theP api s ts f orb el i ev i n g w i thou ti n qu i ri n g oru s i n g thei r
u n d ers tan d i n g s
.T hen ex tw ord s om n i a
f ac erel i c ere,
m u s ti n as i m i l arm an n erb equ al i f i ed . A s
they areg i v en w i thou tqu al i f i c ati on , they arem os tc l earl y n othi n g b u tarepeti ti on of on eof theol d
c al u m n i es propag ated ag ai n s ttheGn os ti c s 1 50 0 y ears ag o, an d repeated b y theR ev
.M r.R eev es
i n thel as tc en tu ry , - s u c has that
A L L
hereti c s eatc hi l d ren . 2
I n thes c hool of H akem , atCai ro, ( w hatd oes thew ord
Cai ro
m ean , an d how ou g hti ttob e
s pel t ? )
w eread i l y rec og n i s ethes c hool of P y thag oras , w i thi ts s ec retn u m b ers an d i ts m athes i os ,
w hi c hi n al aterd ay w as s u c c eed ed b y theE s s en i en s
.
T hes tri ki n g s i m i l ari ty b etw een M as on ry an d P y thag orean i s m has b een w el l poi n ted ou tb y M r
.
Cl i n c hi n hi s E s s ay s on M as on ry .
a
T heb es tac c ou n tof M as on ry w hi c hI hav es een i s i n the
E n c y c l opaed i aL on d i n en s i s i n v oc eM as on ry :
thou g h, as ev ery M as on m u s ts ee, i ti s n otc orrec t,
an d parti c u l arl y res pec ti n g theYorkM as on s .
I thi n ki tm ay b ed i s c ern ed thattherew eref orm erl y s ev eral l od g es of Freem as on s i n Bri tai n ,
w hos eori g i n c an n otb etrac ed :
b u tperf ec tl y i n d epen d en tof eac hother, thou g hn ow u n i ted u n d er
on ehead , theD u keof S u s s ex - theol d L od g eatYork, n ow ex ti n c t, b ei n g c l earl y theol d es t, as
f aras c an b etrac ed .
T heChal d ean s aref ou n d i n S c otl an d , u n d erthen am eof Cu l d ees orChal d ees ,
4
an d thel as t
n oti c eI hav eof them i s ab ou tthey ear9 0 0 , i n theChu rc hof S t .P eter' s atYork
. 5 M y read erw i l l
n otf ai l toob s erv ethen oti c ei n on eof theab ov epas s ag es of M r
.H am m er' s of theem b l em s , & c
.,
f ou n d
i n S c oti c i s
;
an d i f b ekn ow an y thi n g of thehi s tory of M as on ry hew i l l kn ow thatpopu l ar
prej u d i c ehas s u ppos ed Freem as on ry tohav eb een i n v en ted i n S c otl an d , an d tohav etrav el l ed
then c etoFran c ew i ththeS tew artref u g ees
.
T hattheS c otc href u g eeM as on s m i g htes tab l i s h
l od g es i n Fran c eI thi n kv ery prob ab l e ; b u tthey w eren otthen
n ew ; thou g hperhaps they m i g ht
n otb en u m erou s orm u c hkn ow n
.
'
M i n es d e I ' Ori en t, T om e
VI .p .4 6 .
- T hos eac c ou n ts " areen ti tl ed tog reaterc red i tc on c ern i n g the, f i rs t
M as on i c i n s ti tu ti on of atem pl eorhou s eof S ol om on , w hi c hw eob tai n f rom A rab i c hi s tori an s - s i n c etherei s n o
hi s tori c tes ti m on y kn ow n tou s w hi c hb etteran s w ers toaM as on i c i n s ti tu ti on than thatH ou s eof Wi s d om ( D arol -
hi km et) w hi c hH akem , i n
theen d of
theel ev en thc en tu ry b u i l tatCai ro, es teem ed , w eb el i ev e, tohav eb een thef i rs t
M as on i c b rotherhood ( L od g e) w hi c hhi s tori es attes t
.Bu ttherew as aH ou s eof Wi s d om , ( as w el earn f rom M ac ri s i u s , )
ac ertai n ac ad em y ad orn ed w i threg al ri c hes , f u l l of thes tu d i ou s of ev ery
ex trac ti on , an d of m u l ti tu d es of
thes ex , i n
w hi c hal l theprec epts of phi l os ophy an d of them athem ati c s w eretau g ht
.Bu tb es i d es thi s pu b l i c i n s tru c ti on there
prev ai l ed i n thes am epl ac e a s ec ret d oc tri n e,
of w hi c htherew erev ari ou s g rad es , throu g hw hi c hthepu pi l b ei n g l ed ,
hew as u l ti m atel y tau g ht
tob el i ev en othi n g , an d thati tw as l aw f u l tod oal l thi n g s ."
s
T heT em pl ars hav eb een v i n d i c ated f rom thec al u m n i es of M r .H am m er, b y M on s
.R ay n oard , i n theJ ou rn al d es
S av an s , f orM arc h,
1 8 1 9 .
' Vi d eA n thol og i aH i b ern i c a, f or 1 79 4 .

'
S eeCel ti c D ru i d s .

a
Noti ti aM on .
71 8

M as on s
I hav en od ou b tthattheM as on s w ereD ru i d s , Cu l i d ei , orChal d ei , an d Cas i d w an s
. T he
Chal d aean s aretrac ed d ow n w ard toS c otl an d an d York, an d theM as on s b ac kw ard s f rom thi s d ay
tom eettheCu l i d ei atYork .
I thas b een ob s erv ed thattheM as on s , an d parti c u l arl y theT em -
pl ars , al w ay s hel d thei rl od g es orc hapters u n d erthec ry pts of theCathed ral s :
of thi s I en tertai n
n od ou b t . FR OM A M A S ONI C
D OCU M E NT NOW I N M Y
P OS S E S S I ON, I c an prov ethatn ov ery l on g
ti m eag otheChal d ees atYorkw ereFreem as on s , thatthey c on s ti tu ted the
Gran d L od g eof
E n g l an d , an d thatthey hel d thei rm eeti n g s i n thec ry pt, u n d ertheg ran d Cathed ral of thatc i ty
.
T he c i rc u l ar
c hapterhou s ed i d v ery w el l f orord i n ary b u s i n es s , b u tthes ec retm y s teri es w ere
c arri ed on i n thec ry pts .
I thi n ki ti s v ery prob ab l ethattheGn os ti c d oc tri n es w erehel d am on g
thes el ec thead s of al l ord ers of m on ks
.
T hou g hi tb ev ery tru e, as M r
.H am m ers ay s , thattheT em pl ars hel d thei rL od g es orChapters
i n thec ry pts of thec hu rc hes , i tb y n om ean s f ol l ow s thatal l thec hu rc hes i n w hi c hGn os ti c
ef f i g i es aref ou n d b el on g ed totheT em pl ars
.T hes eGn os ti c em b l em s aref ou n d i n n u m b ers of
c hu rc hes , of w hi c htherec ord s arequ i teperf ec t, an d s hew thatw i ththem theT em pl ars n ev er
had an y c on c ern , an d w hi c hw ereb u i l tl on g b ef oretheT em pl ars ares ai d tohav eex i s ted w i thu s .
T hes eef f i g i es prov ethei d en ti ty of P api s m an d Gn os ti c i s m , f orI c an n otf oram om en tc red i tthe
as s erti on , thatthey w erepl ac ed on thes eb u i l d i n g s b y Gn os ti c Freem as on s w i thou tthec on s en t of
thei rem pl oy ers .
1 2 .T heChal d ees orM as on s hav i n g c om etoBri tai n b ef orethees tab l i s hm en tof theP apal pow er
here, of c ou rs ei thappen ed thatw hen theR om i s hChu rc hob tai n ed thec om m an d , i tf ou n d them
( them on ks , Xp
n s tav os , Chrees ti an s
prob ab l y ) i n pos s es s i on of m on as teri es , b u ti n s om eres pec ts
d i f f eri n g f rom i ts el f .
Bu ti td i d n otb u rn them as hereti c s , i ton l y s ei zed them on as teri es , l eav i n g
them ac orn erorreti red pl ac ei n thec hu rc h, w herethey c on ti n u ed toperf orm thei row n c erem o-
n i es an d rel i g i ou s ri tes . A n d they c on ti n u ed thu s to perpetu atethei rord er an d rel i g i ou s s erv i c e,
f orm an y hu n d red y ears , al on g w i ththeR om i s hm on ks . T hey , had on l y thethree
J ew i s h an d ol d
M i tf i rai ti c , an d perhaps Bu d d hi c s ac ram en ts - theeu c hari s tors ac ri f i c e of
b read an d w i n e, the
ord i n ati on of pri es ts , an d b apti s m . T hey keptthei rv ern al or
pas c hal f es ti v al ac c ord i n g tothe
E as tern orJ ew i s hti m e ; an d , n otw i ths tan d i n g al l theef f orts of the .res pec tab l eP res b y teri an
J am i es on toprov etothec on trary , I thi n kthatthes em on ks , l i kethei rm on ki s han c es tors i n
T i b et, had ahi erarc hy .I hav en od ou b t of i t ; they w eren othi n g b u tD ru i d s . T hey c on ti n u ed
toen j oy thei rD ru i d i c al Col l eg e
of I on aorCol u m ki l , al on g w i ththeR om i s hm on ks , f rom the
m os trem otean ti qu i ty , ti l l they , thei rm on as tery , an d thei ran c i en tl i b rary , w ered es troy ed , as f ar
as i tw as i n thepow erof thed i s c i pl es of J ohn K n ox , attheR ef orm ati on .
T heE u c hari s ts poken of ab ov ew as thes ac ri f i c eorf eas tof b read an d w i n e ; an d I apprehen d
thereas on w hy the
w i n e i n s tead of w ater w as taken atthi s s ac ri f i c e, b y thos ew hon ev ertook
w i n eon an y otheroc c as i on , w as thes am eas thatw hi c hc au s es theBrahm i n s , ( w hon ev ereat
f l es hatan y otherti m e, ) i n theP as c hal f es ti v al ortheYaj n as ac ri f i c e, toeatthef l es hof thel am b .
I tw as tob eaf eas t, thati s , an i n d u l g en c ei n s om ethi n g m orethan u s u al - ori tw ou l d n othav e
b een af eas t
. A l l s ac ri f i c es w eref eas ts .
"
T heD i on y s i ac s of A s i aM i n orw ereu n d ou b ted l y an as s oc i ati on of arc hi tec ts an d en g i n eers ,
"
w hob ad theex c l u s i v epri v i l eg eof b u i l d i n g tem pl es , s tad i a, an d theatres , u n d erthem y s teri ou s
tu tel ag e
of Bac c hu s , an d d i s ti n g u i s hed f rom theu n i n i ti ated orprof an ei n hab i tan ts b y thes c i en c e

w hi c hthey pos s es s ed , an d b y m an y pri v ates i g n s an d token s , b y w hi c hthey rec og n i zed eac h

other
.T hi s as s oc i ati on c am ei n toI on i af rom S y ri a, i n tow hi c hc ou n try i thad c om ef rom P ers i a,

al on g w i ththats ty l eof arc hi tec tu rew hi c hw ec al l Grec i an ." 1 T hes ty l eheres poken of , I
I R ob i s on ' s H i s tory of aCon s pi rac y ag ai n s t
Gov ern m en t, & c ., Chap .i .p.2 1 , 1 79 8 .
BookX.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 3

7 1 9
apprehen d , i s thatof thetem pl es atP aes tu m , theP arthen on , an d thetem pl es , w hi c hm ay b es een i n
Col .T od ' s H i s tory of R aj ahpou tan a .T hes eM as on s w eretheb u i l d ers of S ol om on ' s tem pl e, an d
they proc u red thew ood A l m u g f rom In d i a, w hen c ethey an d thei rartc am e .A s R ob i s on s ay s ,
they c am ei n toS y ri af rom P ers i a .T hey w erethean c es tors of ou rF reem as on s .T hetem pl eat
J eru s al em , w ekn ow f rom J os ephu s , w as of theCori n thi an ord er
.T hi s had thec api tal s of i ts
c ol u m n s orn am en ted w i ththeR am ' s horn an d theetern al P hoi n i x tree .
S peaki n g of thei n i ti ati on of M os es b y theE g y pti an pri es ts , S c hi l l ers ay s ,
u
T hes ec erem on i es w erec on n ec ted w i ththem y s teri ou s i m ag es an d hi erog l y phi c s .A n d the
~ ~ hi d d en tru ths s oc aref u l l y c on c eal ed u n d erthem , an d u s ed i n thei rri tes , w ereal l c om pri s ed
~ ~ u n d erthen am em y s teri es , s u c has had b een u s ed i n thetem pl es of Is i s an d S erapi s , w hi c hw ere
' ~ them od el s of them y s teri es of E l eu s i s an d S am othrac e, an d i n m orem od ern ti m es g av eri s e
' ~ totheord erof F reem as on ry ."
Id ou b tn otthatw hatM r .S c hi l l ers ay s i s tru e, w i thon eex c epti on : them y s teri es w eren ot
theori g i n of M as on ry ; they w ereM as on ry i ts el f : f orM as on ry w as apartof them , an d ev ery
part, ex c eptthatw hi c hm y M as on i c en g ag em en ts prev en t, Iw i l l ex pl ai n b ef oreIf i n i s hthi s
w ork.
W ekn ow v ery w el l thattherew eren oarc hes i n thetem pl eof J eru s al em , thati s , rad i ated
arc hes ; b u tw eal s okn ow thattherew erev au l ts i n w hi c htherew ereg reattreas u ri es , ( w hi c h
w eres ai d tohav eb een c on c eal ed b y S ol om on an d hi s s u c c es s ors , ) an d f rom w hi c h, w hoev erpl ac ed
them there, thes u b s i d i es ton ei g hb ou ri n g S tates , m u c htool arg ef orthetem porary m ean s of
J u d eatohav es u ppl i ed , w ered raw n i n l aterti m es
.T hes earc hes , Iapprehen d , w ereof the
n atu reof thatof thetreas u ry of A treu s atM es s i n a, an d of theCu pol aof K om i l m ar, d es c ri b ed b y
Col .T od
.If apers on w an ted toopen s u c han arc h, hew ou l d u s earope, pu tti n g i trou n d thec ap,
an d pu l l i n g i tas i d e ; i f hew an ted toopen akey - s ton ed arc h, hew ou l d n otu s earope, b u ta
ham m er . W hen thekey - s ton ed arc hw as d i s c ov ered i ts u pers ed ed thean c i en ton e
.T hi s i s on e
of theparts of m y s u b j ec ton w hi c hId on otc hoos etos ay al l Ikn ow
.
T hef orm of thec hu rc hof thehol y S epu l c hreatJ eru s al em i s rou n d
.Vi d eA d am n u s d el oc i s
s an c ti s apu d A c taS an c toru m . I In thatw orktherei s ac u tof theol d c hu rc hatJ eru s al em .T he
ol d partof therou n d c hu rc hatCam b ri d g ei s of S ax on arc hi tec tu re- theref oreof as ty l eol d er
than theT em pl ars ; i n f ac t, ac orru pted G rec i an orR om an s ty l e
.T herew as
ad om u s tem pl i at
Cam b ri d g e, an d i tw as prob ab l y S t
.J ohn ' s Col l eg e .T hi s S ax on rou n d c hu rc h, an d thead j oi n i n g
Col l eg eof S t
.J ohn ' s , c al l ed i n ol d b ooks thehou s eof theT em pl ars , areex ac tl y s i m i l artothe
hou s eof S ol om on an d theCol l eg eof E d u c ati on of H akem atCai ro .T hec hu rc hatM apl es tead ,
i n E s s ex , an d i n theT em pl ei n L on d on , arerou n d .In thel attertherehav ef orm erl y b een , as i s
ev i d en t, on l y tw el v earc hes , eac hc on tai n i n g s i x S tal l a, orS tal l s , orCel l s , m aki n g s ev en ty - tw oi n
al l , an d s i x s m al l eran d i n n erarc hes , u n d ereac hof w hi c hprob ab l y s attw okn i g hts , tw el v ei n al l ,
attherou n d tab l e
.Ien tertai n l i ttl ed ou b tthatS t
.J ohn ' s Col l eg ei s ac ol l eg eof theCu l i d ei ,
i n s hortof thean c i en tD ru i d s , an d perhaps theon l y on ew hi c hhas d es c en d ed tou s , i n an y thi n g
l i kei n teg ri ty .
T herei s s om ethi n g ab ou tthec i rc u l arc hu rc hes of theT em pl ars , w hi c hs eem s tom etob ev ery
rem arkab l e
.W ehav eon l y f ou ri n E n g l an d Ib el i ev e
; an d they areal l rou n d .T hi s f orm , w eare
tol d , w as ad opted i n i m i tati on of therou n d c hu rc hatJ eru s al em .Bu thow c am ethec hu rc hat
J eru s al em tob erou n d ;
an d how c am ethes eChri s ti an kn i g hts tob ec al l ed b y then am eof the
d etes ted J ew i s htem pl e ?
' Ord .S t.Ben ed
.S ec t .i i i
.P arti i . praef . p .5 0 5 .
7 20

M as on s
T hei n ti m atec on n ex i on b etw een theK n i g hts of S t
.J ohn of J eru s al em an d theT em pl ars i s w el l
kn ow n , an d i ti s w orthy of ob s erv ati on , thatthey areb othd ed i c ated toS t
.J ohn theBapti s t
.
T hei rc hu rc hes arem os tl y rou n d , an d theb apti s teri es thes am e
.T hef ol l ow ers of S t .J ohn the
Bapti s tarec al l ed N az areen s , M an d ai tes , an d Iohn i tes
.W em u s tn otf org etthel ohan n es , Bu tta,
an d D eu s .M r
.Bri tton has c ol l ec ted ev ery thi n g w hi c hi s kn ow n res pec ti n g ou rc i rc u l arc hu rc hes ,
b u ts ti l l hei s ob l i g ed tol eav ethem i n v ol v ed i n v ery g reatd i f f i c u l ti es
.Ihav eas tron g s u s pi c i on
thattheT em pl ars tookthei rn am ef rom theG n os ti c d oc tri n e, thatthetem pl eatJ eru s al em w as
theem b l em of theu n i v ers e, as Ihav eb ef ores u g g es ted , w hi c hhad ac l os eal l i an c ew i ththeJ ew i s h
Cab al a
.E ac hc hapterc on s i s ted of tw el v e
el ec t, perf ec t, ori n i ti ated , pas tm as ters , af terthetw el v e
s i g n s - an d s ev en ty - tw oi n i ti ated , af tertheD od ec an s , thes y m b ol s of theu n i v ers e
.
T heT em pl ars had n oob j ec ti on totheJ ew i s htem pl e, f orthes am ereas on thattheM oham ed an ,
theJ ew , an d theChri s ti an , al l s i td ow n tog ether, as Ihav e, w i thg reatpl eas u reex peri en c ed ,
atal od g eorc hapterof F reem as on s
.A n d Itakethel i b erty of tel l i n g theR os s i c ru c i an s an d
T em pl ars , thati f thereb ean y thi n g i n thei rc erem on i es toprev en tthi s , i ti s aheres y , an d c on -
trary tothes pi ri tof thei rord ers
.L etthem rem em b erthi s
: w i thou tJ ew , thati s , J u d ai te, there
i s n oChri s ti an , w i thou tb othJ ew an d Chri s ti an therei s n oM oham ed an
.T heChri s ti an s , thati s ,
X
prc i av oi of M al ab aran d Corom an d el , aref ou n d ed on thel ou d i of T ri c hi n opol y .
In ow b eg m y read ertorec ol l ec ts om ec u ri ou s c i rc u m s tan c es atten d i n g then u m b erten .Iti s
d es c ri b ed i n L ati n b y theX, w hi c hXi n G reeks tan d s f or6 0 0 , an d i s on eof them on og ram s of
Chri s t. Iti s al s oon eof them on og ram s of Bu d d haof In d i a
.Its n am ei n G reeki s Iota, i n
H eb rew Iod , an d i n ol d Iri s hIod ha, an d g i v es n am etothes ac red treec al l ed w i thu s Y ew , ev i -
d en tl y thel aw of D i od oru s S i c u l u s .T heten thl etterof theH eb rew w hi c hs tan d s f orten i s
P i od , an d thi s i s c om m on l y w ri tten f orthen am eof G od b y theH eb rew s .T hen am eof thepol e-
s tarw as , w i ththeChal d ean s ,
m i l '
i u ta, an d w i ththeA rab i an s i ti s c al l ed thes tarof
j u d o > > '
W i ththeT i b eti an s thew ord f or ten w as L am b , an d w as d es c ri b ed b y an X ; an d i n theW es tthe
pers on c al l ed Chri s tan d d es c ri b ed b y them on og ram Xw as al s oc al l ed aL am b , theL am b of G od
- an d w as d es c ri b ed b y aL am b c arry i n g ac ros s i n hi s paw , an d b y thehead of thes u n oras ol ar
g l ory .Ib eg m y read ertol ookb ac ktos ev eral parts of thi s w ork, an d torec on s i d erw hati s
s ai d res pec ti n g theA rg a, an d theN ab l i orn av el of theearth, of thel eof D el phi an d M os es , an d re-
s pec ti n g J as on orl es , ori n G reek T g - ov
orJ es u s i n L ati n , an d theH el l en i c w ors hi p
; torec ol -
l ec thow M os es w as ed u c ated b y theH el l en i en s , b othi n E g y ptan d atS i n ai , an d thatthec hu rc h
of thehol y s epu l c hre, of theG od Ies - es , w how as s l ai n an d af terthreed ay s ros eag ai n , w as b u i l t
b y H el l en thed au g hterof
CoIL US . T hen l ethi m rec ol l ec tthatatthi s c hu rc h, tothi s d ay , the
d eathof theG od i s l am en ted w i ththes am ec ri es , an d hi s res u rrec ti on c el eb rated w i thprec i s el y
thes am ec erem on i es as thos eof T A M UZ orA d on i s , as 1 s hal l c hew i n m y n ex tb ook
.A l l thi s
c on s i d ered , hew i l l n ol on g erb es u rpri s ed tof i n d thec hu rc hof thehol y s epu l c hreb u i l ti n ac i r-
c u l arf orm , n orthat, i n thec en treof i t, tothi s d ay , i s theN ab l i orn av el of theearth, as i s d e-
s c ri b ed b y D r .Cl arke . 2
H erew ehav etheu n i on of thew ors hi pof theL i n g aan d Y on i , an d the
reas on w hy theT em pl a- s b u i l tal l thei rc hu rc hes rou n d , an d w hy they b ec am ethed ef en d ers of
u n f ortu n atef em al es .
Ic on s i d erthef ac tof thes u pers ti ti on of theN ab l i , theN av el , theOm phal e, theUm b i l i c u s ,
s ti l l b ei n g c on ti n u ed atthec hu rc hof thehol y s epu l c hre, w i thal l i ts atten d an tc i rc u m s tan c es , as
d ec i s i v eaproof as - c an b ei m ag i n ed of thec on ti n u an c eof thean c i en ts u pers ti ti on , an aof there-
I Val l .Col .Vol
.V
.p
.1 9 6 .

2
T rav el s , Ch .v i .p .228 .E d .8 v o .
BookX.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 3

7 21
u n i on of thew ors hi pof theL i n g aan d Y on i .
Ib eg m y read er' s atten ti on totheT am u z i n the
l as tpag e, torec ol l ec ttheex c l am ati on i n theY aj n as ac ri f i c eof theL am b ,
w hen w i l l i tb ethatthe
S av i ou rw i l l appear! i n b othIn d i aan d W es tern S y ri a, an d thes am ead orati on of theL am b , the
S av i ou r, w hi c hIs hal l s b ew w as prac ti s ed am on g theCarn u tes of G au l .
W hen al l thi s m y s ti c i s m has b een w el l c on s i d ered , an d al s othes i n g u l arw ay i n w hi c htheT em -
pl ars an d red - c ros s K n i g hts hon ou red thef ai rs ex , m y read erw i l l n otb es u rpri s ed , perhaps , to
f i n d , thattheprophec y i n H ag g ai of Chri s tan d M oham ed , w as d el i v ered b y aw ord i n thef em i -
n i n eg en d er,
m on
hm d t, as M r.- P arkhu rs t I has ob s erv ed .
S u rel y thi s i s m y s ti c al en ou g h
. Bu t
Ic on s i d eri tas al l u s i v etothed ou b l ew ors hi p, an d parti c u l arl y tothatof theIs hm ael i tes
.
W ehav es een thes u rpri s i n g af f i n i ty b etw een therel i g i on s of theIn d i an s , J ew s , an d W es tern
n ati on s
.
E v ery on ehas rem arked i n thec harac terof Con s tan ti n ethes on of H el en a, an ex traor-
d i n ary m i x tu reof Chri s ti an i s m an d H eathen i s m - am i x tu rehi thertoq u i tei n ex pl i c ab l e
. On e
l i ttl ec i rc u m s tan c eIthi n kl ets u s i n tothes ec ret .
H i s Chri s ti an i ty w as i n s u b s tan c e, thou g h
perhaps i n s ec ret, thean c i en tG n os ti c i s m .
Ithi n kthef ac tthathed ed i c ated hi s m ag n i f i c en tn ew
c athed ral atBy z an ti u m orN ov aR om ab u i l ton s ev en hi l l s , n ei thertoG od , n ortoChri s t, n ortothe
T ri n i ty , b u ttotheS an c taS ophi athe
hol y
w i s d om , l ets u s i n tothes ec ret
.
Itw as totheL og os ,
R as i t, W i s d om - thec reati v epow er, b y then am eof 2 ; oc ps a
S ophi a.
1 3
.Col
.W i l f ord n oti c es atri b eof Batten i an s , thati s Bu d d hi ean s , atri b en am ed b y P tol em y
l on g b ef oretheH eg i ra, an d w hom w ehav eprov ed tob etheIs hm ael i an s w hoem i g rated tothe
W es t .
T hepeopl eof thi s tri b e, theCol on el s ay s , w eref ol l ow ers of S al i v ahan ab ef orethey tu rn ed
M u s s el m an s .
s
If m y theory b ew el l - f ou n d ed , thi s ac c ou n ts f orH akem b ei n g theten thA v ataror
S al i v ahan a, an d w em ay s eew hy they w ou l d b eam on g thef i rs tM oham ed an s , as b ew as b el i ev ed
tob eaVi c ram ad i ty aortheten thi n c arn ati on .
T hi s , perhaps , ac c ou n ts f ortheearl y c on v ers i on
of theA f g han s toM oham ed i s m . Col .W i l f ord s ay s ,
a
Bhats orBhatti es , w hol i v eb etw een
Q D l l f ( Is u ppos eD el hi ) an d theP an j ab , i n s i s tthatthey ared es c en d ed f rom ac ertai n ki n g ,
CQ
c al l ed S al i v ahan a, w hohad threes on s , Bhat, M aha, orM oy e, an d
T ham az orT hom as .
M oy e
' ~ s ettl ed atP atty al eh, an d ei therw as
aT haw ov i or
T haw ov i , orb ad as on s oc al l ed
. W hen
~ ~ A m i r- T i m u ri n v ad ed In d i a, hef ou n d atT og l oc poor, totheN
.W
.of D i l l f , atri b ec al l ed
S ol ou n
u
orS al i v an , 3 w how ereT hon ov i s or1 Vl an i c haean s
. " 4
A f terthi s theCol on el g oes on tos hew
thaton theroc ks of G u al i or
i s ag rou pof thi rteen f i g u res c al l ed , b y Chri s ti an s , Chri s tan d hi s
apos tl es , n ow v ery m u c hd ef ac ed . H ethen s tates thattheH i n d oos c on s i d erM an es tob ea
S al i -
v ahan a, an d heob s erv es thatM an es had tw el v eapos tl es an d T H R E E
D IS CIP L E S , E XA L T E D
A BOVE
T H E
R E S T , CA L L E D BUD D H A OR
A D D A S , H E R M A S OR IIE R M IA S , A N D T H OM A S ,
w hom hes u ppos es
tob ethes am ew i ththes on s of S al i v ahan a, c al l ed Bhat, M aha, an d T ham az
.
H ethen g oes on
tos ay , thattherew as a
Chri s ti an m on as tery atS i rhi n d , an d m on ks w hob rou g hts i l kw orm s to
Con s tan ti n opl ei n theti m eof J u s ti n i an , i n thes ev en thc en tu ry
.
Bu tthem os ti m portan tpartof
W i l f ord ' s i n f orm ati on c on s i s ts i n hi s ob s erv ati on , thattheBhats ex i s ted as atri b el on g b ef orethe
ti m eof M an es orprob ab l y theChri s ti an E era, s i n c ethey aren oti c ed as atri b eb y P tol em y
.W hen
Il ookon them apan d c on s i d erw hatIhav ew ri tten res pec ti n g theJ ew s , thetri b eof Y ou d e, & c
.,
& c
., Ic an en tertai n n od ou b tthattheori g i n of theM an i c haean s i s f ou n d hereas w el l as theBat-
tan i an s orIs hm ael i an s an d T em pl ars of S y ri a
.
5
T heJ ew i s hS an hed ri m c on s i s ted of s ev en ty - tw o
I In v oc e' i n n hm d , II
.

s A s i at . R es . Vol .IX.p.221 .
Ihav en od ou b ti n S ol ou n w ehav ean otherS ol om on .

4 A s i at
.R es .Vol .IX .p .21 2.
s
W ehav ethes am em y thos as thi s w hi c hw ehav es een i n theki n g d om of
Ou d e, i n partrepeated i n theCarn ati c at
T ri c hi n opol y .
7 22

M as on s Con ti n u ed
p ers on s
. IT
H A D T H R ICE P R as ID E N T S ,
b u tw hetherthey w erei n c l u d ed i n thes ev en ty - tw oi s n ot
kn ow n
.T hef i rs tP res i d en tw as c al l ed ' =
n s i , thes ec on d
taD s g n , or
r
i d i n
J i m
b i t M R ab ord b -
b i td i n ,
thati s A b b ot, F atherof thehou s eof w i s d om ,
d i n ord on , an d thethi rd D S ri hkm ,
thew i s e .
Cal m et' s D i c t
.i n v oc eS an , an d i n v oc eS ag an
.M os es w as aS ag an toA aron .T hi s i s theL ati n
S ag ax an d S c an d i n av i an S ag a
.
T hethreef i rs td i s c i pl es of M an es w ere
T hom as , J d d as or Bu d d has , as Cy ri l w ri tes thew ord
d d d as , an d H erm es .
T hethrees hew then atu reof them y thos v ery c l earl y , an d theex pl an ati on
of
A d d as ,
b y Cy ri l , s pew s w hatw as m ean tb y theG od an d K i n g , of W es tern S y ri a, an d al s oof
R aj ah- pou tan orE as tern S y ri a, b ei n g c al l ed A d , an d A d ad , as Ben - ad ad , & e
.H ei s s ai d tohav e
s en t T hom as
i n toE g y pt, an d A d d as i n toS c y thi atopreac h .
T hew ord M an es has b een d eri v ed b y Us herf rom then am eof
a ki n g of Is rael c al l ed M en ahem , 1
an d b y theL XX
.M av an j u ., w hi c hhas them ean i n g , as hes ay s , of P arac l eteorCom f orter, orra-
ther, Is hou l d s ay , S av i ou r.
T hi s aton c el ets u s i n tothes ec ret- an ew i n c arn ati on of Bu d d ha,
theg en eral m y thos - b orn f rom thes i d eof hi s m other, an d pu ttoav i ol en td eath- c ru c i f i ed b y a
ki n g of P ers i a
.T heteac herw i thhi s tw el v eapos tl es on theroc ks of G u al i oraton c es hew s that
hew as n otac opy i s tof theJ es u s of W es tern S y ri a .'
T hem i s takes of thef athers res pec ti n g M an es , or, m orec orrec tl y , theM an i c haean d oc tri n e, are
w on d erf u l
.On es ay s thatthed oc tri n ew as f i rs tpreac hed b y am an c al l ed S c y thi an i n thec ou n try
of theS arac en s i n A rab i a, an others ay s hew as of therac eof theBrahm i n s an d f i n d s hi m ata
c as tl ec al l ed A rab i on , on ari v erc al l ed S tran g a, i n M es opotam i a
.T hes earen othi n g b u tIn d i an
S c y thi aorIn d i an A rab i a, theD oab , theG an g es ; an d theS arac en s aretheS u rac en i .A n other
m akes hi m tohav ec om ef rom J u d ea .T hi s i s theIn d i an J u d i a.A n others ay s hi s d oc tri n ew as
f i rs tpreac hed i n E g y ptb y on eP - api s .T hi s i s n othi n g b u tA pi s w i ththeE g y pti an em phati c
arti c l eP i - api s .T hew orkc al l ed theac ts of A rc hel au s i s g en eral l y s u ppos ed tob eag ros s f org ery .
If m y read erw i l l c on s u l tthef i rs tthreec hapters of Beau s ob re' s hi s tory , b eari n g i n m i n d theex -
pl an ati on w hi c hIhav eg i v en of them y thos of M an es , thew hol ew i l l u n rav el i ts el f an d thed i f f i -
c u l ti es w i l l ex pl ai n them s el v es .
W hen aM an i c haean c am eov ertotheorthod ox hew as req u i red toc u rs ehi s f orm erf ri en d s i n
thef ol l ow i n g term s :
u
Ic u rs eZarad es 3 w ho, M an es s ai d , had appeared as aG od b ef orehi s ti m e
" am on g theIn d i an s an d P ers i an s , an d w hom hec al l s thes u n . Ic u rs ethos ew hos ay Chri s ti s
Q thes u n , an d w hom akepray ers tothes u n , an d tothem oon , an d tothes tars , an d pay atten ti on
~ ~ tothem as i f they w erereal l y G od s , an d w hog i v ethem ti tl es of m os tl u c i d G od s , an d w hod o
~ ~ n otpray tothetru eG od , on l y tow ard s theE as t, b u tw hotu rn them s el v es rou n d , f ol l ow i n g the
~ ~ m oti on s of thes u n w i ththei ri n n u m erab l es u ppl i c ati on s .Ic u rs ethos epers on s w hos ay that
~ Q Zarad es an d Bu d as an d Chri s tan d M an i c haeu s an d thes u n areal l on ean d thes am e
." By
Zarad es i s ev i d en tl y m ean tZoroas ter, an d thew hol es hew s u s thattheorthod ox b el i ev ed M an i to
b eb oththes u n , an d , as Ihav es ai d Ib el i ev ed hi m tob e, Bu d d haof In d i a- theten thi n c arn ati on
of Bu d d ha, w hos ef ol l ow ers aros eon theN orthof In d i a, an d b ec am ev ery n u m erou s , b u tw eren ot
ab l etoov erc om etheBrahm i n s , thef ol l ow ers of S al i v ahan a .
Col .W i l f ord , i n p .21 8 , g i v es u s an otherac c ou n tof M an es ; thathew as c al l ed T ereb i n thu s
an d hi s f atherS c y thi an u s , an d thatM an es propag ated hi s d oc tri n es i n T artary
.W em u s trec ol -
l ec tthatM an es i s s ai d , b y Chri s ti an au thors , tohav ef l ed f rom theW es ttoIn d i a ; an d , Col
.
W i l f ord tel l s u s , then am eof thetreec al l ed T ereb i n thu s i s n ottob ef ou n d an y w hereex c ept
b ey on d theIn d u s .Iti s thetrees ac red toBu d d ha, on w hi c htheM an i c haean s hel d Chri s ttohav e
Us her' s A n n al .Vol .I .A n .3 0 3 2, p .m .8 2
; 2K i n g s x v .1 4 , 1 6
.
s
Beau s ob .H i s t.M an i c h .T om eI .
P .
7 1 .

' Cotel eri i , P at .A p . 1 .p .5 4 3 .

BookX.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 3

7 23
b een c ru c i f i ed .' S eem y f i g u res , N os .1 2, 1 3 , 1 4
.T hi s s tory of aT ereb i n thu s g oi n g toIn d i a, as tol d
b y E pi phan i u s , i s l i keal l therem ai n d erof thes es tori es , an d c an d ec ei v en on eb u tthos ew hoare
d eterm i n ed tob ed ec ei v ed
.H ow ab s u rd i s i ttos u ppos ethatas ec tof Chri s ti an hereti c s s hou l d
hav ef l ed totheE as t, an d hav eretu rn ed , b eari n g In d i an n am es , l i kethos eab ov e
! T hef ac tw as ,
thef athers f ou n d them c om i n g f rom theE as t, an d f rau d u l en tl y orc red u l ou s l y as s u m ed , thatthey
m u s thav ef i rs tg on ef rom theW es t
.P erhaps they n ev ers u s pec ted i tpos s i b l ef orthem tohav e
ari s en i n theE as t .
F ree- m as on ary i s kn ow n tob ef ou n d ed on pri n c i pl es of u n i v ers al
b en ev ol en c e, an d n ottob e
c on f i n ed toon ec l as s ortoon erel i g i on
.Ithi n kIm ay v en tu retos ay i ti s s oc on s ti tu ted , that
al thou g hi tw ou l d n otref u s etorec ei v eas i m pl eD ei s t, n otes tb ei n g req u i red , y etal l i ts f orm s ,
c erem on i es , an d d oc tri n es , ares oc on s ti tu ted , as , i n av ery pec u l i arm an n er, tob eappl i c ab l eat
thes am eti m etothed oc tri n es of J u d ai s m , Chri s ti an i ty , an d M oham ed i s m .Chri s ti an i ty i s f ou n d ed
on J u d ai s m : M oham ed i s m on Chri s ti an i ty
.M oham ed i s m c an n otf oram om en tex i s ti n d epen d en t
of Chri s ti an i ty , n orChri s ti an i ty i n d epen d en tof J u d ai s m
.W ehav es een theR os y c ros s w i th
ei g htpoi n ts of theT em pl ars , theCros s of Chri s t, an d of M an es , an d of Bu d d ha, an d the ros eof
S haron , s y m b ol s of theT em pl ars an d of theR os s i - ( R os y ) - c ru c i an s .Iam n otof thetw ol atter
ord ers ; Ihav eab s tai n ed f rom b ec om i n g am em b erof them , thatIm i g htn othav em y ton g u eti ed
orm y pen res trai n ed b y theen g ag em en ts Im u s thav em ad eon en teri n g thec hapteroren c am p-
m en t. Bu tIhav ereas on tob el i ev ethatthey aren ow b ec om ei n av ery parti c u l arm an n erw hat
i s c al l ed ex c l u s i v el y Chri s ti an ord ers , an d on thi s ac c ou n tarethou g ht, b y m an y pers on s , tob e
on l y ab as tard ki n d of m as on s .Bu therearetw om i s takes .T hey arereal m as on s , an d they
ou g httob eof thatChri s ti an i ty w hi c hi s f ou n d i n In d i a, atD el hi an d atT ri c hi n opol y , of that
u n i v ers al Chri s ti an i ty orCrees ti an i ty , w hi c hi n c l u d ed J ew s , Bu d d hi s ts , Brahm i n s , M oham ed an s ,
an d w hi c h, b ef oreIc on c l u d ethi s w ork, Is hal l s hew , w as as u b l i m ean d b eau ti f u l s y s tem - the
s ec rets y s tem of therel i g i on of ten al l u d ed tob y theChri s ti an f athers
.Iam n ow on l y s peaki n g of the
R os s i c ru c i an s an d T em pl ars
.T hi s aton c e, an d v ery n atu ral l y , ac c ou n ts f ortheK n i g hts T em pl ars
b ei n g Chri s ti an s , an d u n i ti n g w i ththeBattan i an s orIs hm ael i an s orA s - c has - d i m orA s s as s i n s .
T hes ew eretheChal d aei of D an i el , of theR om an s , i n theti m eof theearl y em perors , c al l ed
Chal d aei , M athem ati c s , A rc hi tec ton i c i , an d w how ereb an i s hed an d pers ec u ted b y them
.T hey
w ereas pec i es of S od al i tates oras ec retord er, of w hi c htheg ov ern m en tb ec am ej eal ou s
.T hey
aretheCu l d ees of Ion aan d of theCry ptof Y orkM i n s ter, w heretheg ran d M as on i c L od g eof
E n g l an d w as hel d ;
they aretheG n os ti c M an i c ha; an s , w hopos s es s ed therou n d c hu rc hes atthe
T em pl ei n L on d on , M apl es tead i n E s s ex , atN ortham pton an d Cam b ri d g e, an d w hoi n ti m eb ec am e
theT em pl ars
.In w hatotherw ay theT em pl ars c ou l d b ec om epos s es s ed of thes ec hu rc hes Id on ot
kn ow .P erhaps they m i g htb eb u i l torm oreprob ab l y reb u i l tb y them
;
b u ttheS ax on ord erof arc hi -
tec tu rei n thec hu rc hatCam b ri d g es kew s ad ateb ef oretheu s u al l y s u ppos ed ex i s ten c eof theOrd er
of T em pl ars i n E n g l an d .T heT em pl ars i n otherc ou n tri es d i d n otb u i l d thei rc hu rc hes rou n d ,
b u tperhaps they f ou n d them herei n thehan d s of thei rb rethren theCu l d ees , an d they c oal es c ed
w i ththei rb rethren w hom they f ou n d here, w hen they b rou g htthei rd oc tri n es f rom thec ru s ad es
.
T hu s they aref ou n d i n thec ry ptof theCathed ral atY ork
.A l l ou rol d es tab l i s hm en ts of c ol -
l eg i atec hu rc hes , d ean s an d c hapters , w ereCu l d eees tab l i s hm en ts , w hi c hac c ou n ts f ortheCu l d ees
i n them n otb ei n g d es troy ed b y theR om i s hc hu rc h .T hec hu rc hof S t
.M arti n , atY ork, w as b u i l t
f orthem orb y them , an d thi s ac c ou n ts f oran ex traord i n ary pu l pi tc l oththeretob es een , w hi c hI
s hal l n oti c epres en tl y
.A l l therou n d c hapterhou s es
of ou rCathed ral s w ereb u i l trou n d f orthe
A s i at.R es .pp
.21 6 - 21 8 .
7 24

M as on s Con ti n u ed
s am ereas on thatthef ou rab ov e- n am ed c hu rc hes w ererou n d
. In thes ec hapters an d thec ry pts ,
ti l l thethi rteen thc en tu ry , thes ec retrel i g i on w as c el eb rated f araw ay f rom theprof an ev u l g ar
.
F rom thi s c am etheb ri d g eof H am orOm c orru pted i n toCam b ri d g e, an d Is i s an d
Ox orBu l l of
Ox f ord .
T hes eb u i l d i n g s are, Ithi n k, thes u c c es s ors of theCav es of In d i a, an d af terw ard of the
c u pol a- f orm ed b u i l d i n g s there, w hi c hw es eei n Col
.T od ' s b ook, - of theCy c l opean treas u ry of
A treu s atM es s en a, an d of theL ab y ri n ths of w hi c hw eread i n E g y pt, Crete, Ital y , & c
T hes e
l ab y ri n ths c ou l d b eon l y f orthepu rpos es of rel i g i on , an d Id ou b tn otof thatrel i g i on of the
Cy -
c l opes w hi c hu n i v ers al l y prev ai l ed
.
T heu n d erg rou n d c ry pts of ou rc athed ral s w i ththei rf ores ts
of pi l l ars w erel ab y ri n ths i n m i n i atu re .
T herou n d c hu rc hof J eru s al em , b u i l tb y H el en a, theM y s ti c H el en a, ( d au g hterof
Col L OS , )
M otherof Con s tan ti n e, w how as b orn atY ork ; an d thec hapter- hou s es atY orkan d atother
c athed ral s w erec hi l d ren , g ran d org reat- g ran d c hi l d ren , of thec i rc u l arS ton ehen g ean d A b u ry
;
an d thec hoi rs of m an y of thec athed ral s i n F ran c ean d E n g l an d areb u i l tc rooked of then av eof
thec hu rc h, f orthes am ereas on , w hatev erthatm i g htb e, thattheD ru i d i c al tem pl ei s s ob u i l tat
Cl as s ern i s s , i n S c otl an d . Vi d e Cel ti c D ru i d s , pl ate28 .
Ithi n kIhav es tated en ou g htorai s eorj u s ti f y w hattheJ es u i ts w ou l d c al l a prob ab l eopi n i on ,
thatthem as on i c c erem on i es ors ec rets ared es c en d an ts of theE l eu s en i an M y s teri es .
E v ery b od y
kn ow s then ow ri d i c u l ou s trad i ti on ary f an c y thatam as on i s , i n s om ew ay , m arked orb ran d ed or
m u ti l ated b ef orehec an b ead m i tted i n totheord er . Ib el i ev ethi s , l i kem os tothertrad i ti on s , had
n oti ts ori g i n f rom n othi n g . Ib el i ev ethehi g herc l as s es of M as on s w ereori g i n al l y pers on s .w ho
w eread m i tted i n tothem y s teri es of E l eu s i s an d E g y pt, an d thatthey w ereChal d m an s an d M athe-
m ati c i , an d Ib el i ev ethatw hattheab ov etrad i ti on of theb ran d i n g al l u d ed to, w as Ci rc u m c i s i on ,
an d thatthey w erec i rc u m c i s ed
.
Ori g en an d Cl em en s A l ex an d ri n u s b othaf f i rm , thatthes ec ret
l earn i n g of theE g y pti an s w as on l y tau g httos u c hpers on s as had u n d erg on etheoperati on of c i r-
c u m c i s i on , f orw hi c hreas on i tw as s u b m i tted tob y P y thag oras .' T hes am ew ord i n H eb rew
m ean s b othi n i ti ated an d c i rc u m c i s ed
.
A s i n f an ts aread m i tted i n toChri s ti an i ty b y b apti s m , s o
they w eread m i tted am on g thei n i ti ated b y c i rc u m c i s i on . If m y m em ory d on otd ec ei v em ethe
pri es ts on l y of theE g y pti an s w erec i rc u m c i s ed ; an d theT am u l , Chal d ee, orP u s hto- s peaki n g
pri es ts of Cri s tn a, i n S ou thIn d i a, arec i rc u m c i s ed ; an d w es hal l f i n d theri te, b y an d b y , i n a
pl ac ew herew el i ttl eex pec ti t . A b raham , theChal d ean , i s c al l ed an as tron om eran d am athem a-
ti c i an b y P hi l o .s In thetw el f thv ol u m eof theA s i ati c R es earc hes , p .4 6 1 , m ay b es een an
ac c ou n t, g i v en b y aM r.M oorc rof t, of as oc i ety i n T i b etw hi c hc an b en ootherthan F ree- m as on s
.
In theb eg i n n i n g of thec el eb rati on of theG en ti l em y s teri es aheral d proc l ai m ed ,
P roc u l ! hi n tproc u l es te, prof an i !
S ai n tChry s os tom 3
s ay s , w hen w ec el eb ratethem y s teri es , w es en d
aw ay
thos ew hoaren oti n i -
ti ated , an d s hu tthed oors , ad eac on ex c l ai m i n g , C 0 F arf rom hen c e, y eprof an e
! c l os ethed oors ,
1 1
them y s teri es areab ou ttob eg i n . T hi n g s hol y f orthes ai n ts ; hen c eal l d og s ."
( F rom s om e-
thi n g al l u s i v etothi s has prob ab l y b een d eri v ed thec u s tom am on g theM oham ed an s of c al l i n g
Chri s ti an s
d og s .) M .D u l au re, i n hi s hi s tory of P ari s , 4 has ob s erv ed , thattheex pl an ati on of the
d oc tri n es of theT ri n i ty an d theE u c hari s tc on s ti tu ted prob ab l y theChri s ti an m y s teri es , an d ,
i n
part, hei s c ertai n l y ri g ht
. Bu them i g hthav ead d ed theG en ti l em y s teri es al s o, f ortheG en ti l e
' Ori g en , Com m en t
.ad 2E p. ad R om .
; Cl em en s , L i b .i .p .1 3 0 ; Con c ord i aN atu raeetS c ri ptu rm , Capu t v .
I S tan l ey ' s H i s t
.Chal d
.P hi l
.P
.7 9 6 , 4 to .

3 H om el i a
23 , i n M att .

4 Vol .VIII .p .8 0 .
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 3

7 25
T ri m u rti , In eed n otd es c ri b eag ai n , an d theChari s ti aof theR om an s w as theE u c hari s tof the
Xp1 S ,
orL ati n Chri s tu s - thes ac ri f i c eof P y thag oras , of w hi c hIs hal l s ay m oreb y an d b y
.
In M .D u l au re' s 8 thv ol u m eof thehi s tory of P ari s m ay b ef ou n d , av ery i n teres ti n g ac c ou n tof
theu n i on of thepag an m y s teri es orc raf ts of thean c i en ts w i ththos eof theChri s ti an s i n the
s ev en than d ei g hthc en tu ri es .A n y pers on w hohas read thi s w orkw i thatten ti on m u s ts eethat
them y s tery orc raf tof m od ern trad es i s b u ttheR az of In d i a, al l c on ti n u i n g u n ti l they b ec am en o
l on g erm y s teri es .A l l ou rg u i l d s an d c orporati on s hav ec om ef rom thi s s ou rc e
.H en c eal l thei r
m y s teri ou s n u m b ers - tw el v e al d erm en , tw en ty - f ou rc om m on c ou n c i l m en , & c ., & c .Ithas b een
s ai d 1 thattheT em pl ars , f l eei n g f rom thepers ec u ti on of P hi l i pl eBe] , tookref u g ei n S c otl an d ,
an d thats om eapos tates , atthei n s ti g ati on of R ob ertBru c e, f ou n d ed theord erof T em pl ars i n that
c ou n try . A l l thi s m ay b ev ery tru e, w i ththes i n g l eex c epti on , thati ti s ab s u rd toc al l them
apos tates . T hey w ereev i d en tl y em i g res b ec au s ethey w ou l d n otb eapos tates , an d therew as n o
apos tac y i n open i n g al od g e, an d i n i ti ati n g R ob ertBru c ean d others i n tothem y s teri es , an d thu s
c on ti n u i n g theord eri n d ef i an c eof P hi l i p
.
T hew ord R az , i n In d i a, s i g n i f i ed m as on ry orm y s tery ors ec retl earn i n g orw i s d om , oraray
em an ati n g f rom thes u n , as Ihav ef orm erl y s hew n .Ital s ohad thes i g n i f i c ati on of K i n g , w hen c e
c am etheR aj - ah, an d theR aj ah- pou t- an s , w ho, w hen they c am ef rom theE as ttotheW es t- to
S y ri aan d E g y pt, w ere, f orthi s reas on , R OY A L - pal l i orS hepherd s .F rom thi s c am etheR as of
A b y s s i n i a ; an d m oretotheW es t, theR ex ,
a
R eg e, of R om e, an d theR oi of F ran c e, an d the
pers on , i n theR om an an d theE l eu s i n i an m y s teri es , c al l ed aki n g , orR ex
; b u tw ho, i n the
m os tearl y ti m es , w as aR as orpers on i n w hom w as i n c arn ateac ertai n porti on of D i v i n eW i s d om
ortheL og os . M el c hi z ed ekw as aR as , an d an A rc he, an d pri es t, as Ihav el i ttl ed ou b tthat
al l ki n g s w ereori g i n al l y .Itw as thew i s d om ( orperhaps m oreproperl y
c u n n i n g ) thatm ad ethem
ki n g s . T hey w eres u ppos ed tob ei n c arn ati on s of w i s d om orS on s of G od
.T hi s w as thec as e
w i thA l ex an d ertheG reat .
Iti s c ertai n l y w orthy of ob s erv ati on thati n theH i n d os tan n ee, thel an g u ag eof thec ou n try i n
w hi c hIb el i ev em as on ry had i ts ri s e, am as on i s c al l ed
a raz , an d has them ean i n g of m y s tery .
T hi s w ord has thes am em ean i n g as thet' r
ras
of G en es i s , theA p

of S t.J ohn .
T hepers on s
c al l ed R oy al - A rc hM as on s w eretheA rc hi - tec t- on i c i , b ef orethei n v en ti on of key - s ton ed or
rad i ated A rc hes , theCy c l opean b u i l d ers of theon l y s ton e ed i f i c es , atthatti m e, i n thew orl d ,
w hi c hw eretem pl es
.Itw as n otti l l c om parati v el y m od ern ti m es thatpri v atepers on s had s ton e
hou s es . In thei m m en s ec i ti es of Ben ares , D el hi , & c ., they ares ti l l c hi ef l y b u i l tof m u d ors u n -
d ri ed b ri c ks an d w ood .D w el l i n g - hou s es w ereal s of ram ed of oakti m b er, f i l l ed i n w i thb ri c kor
m u d , an d w ere, as w em ay y ets eef rom af ew pooron es w hi c harel ef ti n E n g l an d , i n af ew ol d
tow n s , c apab l e
of g reatm ag n i f i c en c e .H en c ethereas on w hy , i n thec ou n tri es w heretheru i n s of
tem pl es , arec om m on , an d w herew ekn ow thathi g hc i v i l i z ati on on c eprev ai l ed , therearen oru i n s
of hou s es .T heA rc hi tec ton i c i , theChal d aei , theG n os ti c i , theM athem ati c i , theD i on i s i ac i , c on s ti -
tu ted a M Y S T E R Y ,
an d erec ted G othi c b u i l d i n g s , theru i n s of w hi c hn ow rem ai n i n In d i a, thou s an d s
of y ears b ef orethey ex i s ted i n E u rope . 2 In , I b el i ev e, therem ai n s of M u n d ore, an d i n al l v ery
an c i en ttow n s , w ef i n d on l y theru i n s of thetem pl ean d perhaps of thepal ac e
.W ekn ow thes i z e
of thetow n on l y f rom theru i n s of thew al l s
.T hu s i n E n g l an d an d Irel an d w e hav eS ton ehen g e
an d A b u ry , an d tu m u l i , w i th
g l as s b ead s an d g ol d orn am en ts i n pl en ty , b u tn otthel eas tappear-
an c eof ad w el l i n g - hou s e
.Can an y on es u ppos ethatthepeopl ew horai s ed thes ton el i n tel s u pon
thej am b s atS ton ehen g e, d i d n otkn ow how topl ac eb eam s of ti m b er, on eov ertheother, s oas to
1 1 b .1 26 .

2 Vi d .H i s t .D i on .A rti f .b y D aCos ta .
7 26

M an es , M as on s Con ti n u ed
f orm roof s f orhou s es ?
Iti s thed ef i c i en c y of therem ai n s of hou s es w hi c hi n d u c es pers on s to
thi n k, thattherec an hav eb een n ohi g hc i v i l i z ati on i n thes en orthern c ou n tri es .
Id es i res u c h
pers on s toex am i n etheM os ai c f l oors , threeorf ou rf eetu n d erg rou n d , atA l d b orou g hi n Y ork-
s hi re, thean c i en tIs eu rorIs u ri u m , thec api tal of Bri g an ti a, f rom w hi c hBoad i c eal ed f orthher
8 0 , 0 0 0 m en ag ai n s ttheR om an s w hod ef eated her, an d d es troy ed herc api tal , rem ov i n g i ttoE v ora
orY ork .
T heM as on s w erethef i rs tpri es ts , orab ran c hf rom them , an d as they w erethepers on s em -
pl oy ed toprov i d eev ery thi n g req u i s i tef orhon ou ri n g theG od s , theb u i l d i n g of tem pl es n atu ral l y
f el l i n tothei rhan d s , an d thu s pri es ts an d m as on s w erei d en ti f i ed
.T hi s w as thef i rs tprac ti c al
attem ptatM as on ry .
T hu s theM as on s w erean ord erof pri es ts , thati s , of i n i ti ated
.
E v ery
i n i ti ated pers on w as apri es t, thou g hb em i g htn otex erc i s ethef u n c ti on s of apri es t
. T hu s they
b ec am ei d en ti f i ed w i ththem os tpow erf u l an d i n f l u en ti al b od y of s oc i ety , an d thou g hal l pri es ts
w eren otM as on s , Ithi n kthatal l M as on s w erepri es ts i n on es en s e, b ei n g i n i ti ated . Ithi n kthey
w erepri es ts ori g i n al l y ; an d , as w as tob eex pec ted , they prov i d ed g ood hou s es f orthem s el v es ,
an d , w hen m an y of them c on s i s ted of M on ks , M on as teri a .
In m an y i n s tan c es , f rom s u peri ori ty
of i n tel l ec t, thec on s eq u en c eof thec on s tan tu s eof thei rf ac u l ti es , they ac q u i red thes ov erei g n
pow er
.
1 4 .H av i n g s hew n how theM oham ed an an d v ari ou s s ec ts w erec on n ec ted tog ether, i ti s n ow
ti m etou n v ei l thes ec retd oc tri n eof M oham ed , w hi c hw i l l b ei n ag reatm eas u rethatof them al l ,
an d w i l l , Ithi n k, eas i l y ac c ou n tf ortherapi d d i f f u s i on of M oham ed i s m , an d f ori ts ad opti on w hen
f i rs tprom u l g ated b y them os tl earn ed an d tal en ted of theA rab i an phi l os ophers - as ec retd oc tri n e
y etf ou n d i n as tateof pers ec u ti on am on g thef ol l ow ers of A l i i n P ers i a .
W hatm y read erhas
s een Ihad pri n c i pal l y w ri tten b ef oreIm ad ethed i s c ov ery of thes ec retd oc tri n e, an d Ithi n ki t
ex ped i en ttol eav ew hatIb ad w ri tten , as i ti s , tos hew how thew hol e, b y d eg rees , u n rav el l ed
i ts el f - tos hew thattherew as n oprec on c ei v ed s y s tem attheb ottom tow hi c hev ery thi n g w as to
b em ad etob en d , an d thel i teral m ean i n g of w hi c hIhad d eterm i n ed n othi n g s hou l d ev erpers u ad e
m etod i s b el i ev e . W em u s tn ev erf org etthati n ev ery thi n g res pec ti n g M oham ed i s m w el ab ou r
u n d ertheg reates td i f f i c u l ti es . T hetru thi s , thati ts real d oc tri n ei s n ow c on f i n ed toapers ec u ted
s ec t, w hi c hc on s i d ers thattou n v ei l i ts m y s teri es w ou l d b etob eg u i l ty of theg reates tm oral
tu rpi tu d e ;
an d thepreten d ed hi s tory , as w e hav ei t, has b een rec ei v ed f rom them ean es t- m i n d ed
of d ev otees , orf rom z eal ots of an others ec t, theChri s ti an s , w hos em al i c ean d hatred hav eb l i n d ed
thei ru n d ers tan d i n g s - z eal ots s om ean i n m i n d too, thati f they had b een w i l l i n g toex erc i s ean y
thi n g l i kec ri ti c i s m they w erei n c apab l eof i t
. W hatarew etoex pec tf rom ev en s u c hm en as the
v ery g reats c hol ar, b u tm ean - m i n d ed P ri d eau x
!
Iti s w el l kn ow n thatal m os ti m m ed i atel y on thed eathof M oham ed hi s f ol l ow ers d i v i d ed i n to
tw os ec ts , thatof A b u b eker, an d thatof A l i , thel atterof w hom had thetw el v eIm au m s - hi s
s u c c es s ors - thes am ei n n u m b eras theapos tl es of Chri s tan d as thetw el v eCaes ars
.
T hef ai th
of thel atterof thes es ec ts b ec am ean d s ti l l c on ti n u es therel i g i on of P ers i a
.
T hi s Ihav en o
d ou b t w as
theori g i n al orrather, perhaps , c on tai n ed
theori g i n al es oteri c rel i g i on of M oham ed ,
w hi c hi s y ettob ef ou n d i n thes ec tof theS of ees as they arec al l ed b y S i rJ ohn M al c ol m , i n hi s
H i s tory of P ers i a .
T hes earef ol l ow ers of thean c i en t 2
; o4 P oi ,
on eof w hom w as M o- am ed , thati s ,
M oorOm , thei l l u s tri ou s
or d es i re of al l n ati on s .
T heS ophoi orS of ees areal l ow ed b y thev u l g ar
or pres en torthod ox P ers i an w ri ters
1
tohav ed es c en d ed f rom thean c i en tS ab eean s an d tohav e
b een c on tem poran eou s w i ththeprophet, thati s tos ay , they f i n d them an d thei rd oc tri n es tohav e
'
S i rJ ohn M al c ol m ' s H i s tory
of P ers i a, Ch .x x .
BookX
.ChapterVI
.S ec ti on 1 4
c o- ex i s ted w i thhi m f rom hi s f i rs tappearan c eorf rom theb eg i n n i n g of hi s em pi re, b u tthey kn ow
n othow orw hy
.S i rJ ohn j u d i c i ou s l y ob s erv es , that "
thei rraptu rou s z eal , perhaps , ai d ed , i n
9 9 n os l i g htd eg ree, i ts f i rs tes tab l i s hm en t
." ' Ihav en od ou b tthati td i d
.Bu tthi s ac kn ow l ed g -
m en tc on v ey s al on g w i thi tthe ad m i s s i on
of thef ac t, thatM oham ed w as aS of ee, an d hi s s ec ret
rel i g i on S ophei s m
.S i rJ ohn then ad d s , thatthey hav eb een s i n c ec on s i d ered as i ts m os td an -
g erou s en em i es
.T herec an b en od ou b tthatthey arethu s c on s i d ered b y al l thev u l g arrab b l e-
b y s u c hpers on s as b el i ev ethatM oham ed d i d real l y ri d eahors ec al l ed Borakf rom M ec c ato
J eru s al em i n am i n u te
; thati s , b y thef ol l ow ers of thel i teral m ean i n g of thef org ed K oran
.By
thes e en l i g hten ed pers on s i n m od ern ti m es theS ophees hav eb een pers ec u ted
.W hetheri n P ers i a
thes ec tof S of ees pos s es s ed thepow erw i thou ti n term i s s i on f rom theti m eof thetw el v eIm au m s
totheti m eof N ad i rS hah, i tm ay n ow b ed i f f i c u l ttod eterm i n e ;
b u tc ertai n l y they ru l ed P ers i a
f rom A .D
.1 5 0 0 to1 7 3 6 , w hen theki n g d om w as c on q u ered b y N ad i rS hah, w how as hi m s el f
ori g i n al l y aS ophee, b u tw ho, af terthec on q u es tof P ers i a, i s s ai d tohav eab an d on ed theS ophee
d oc tri n es , an d tohav ec om pel l ed hi s f ol l ow ers an d hi s n ew s u b j ec ts toc han g ethei rrel i g i on al on g
w i thhi m
.T hereas on of thi s i s v ery perc epti b l e
.T heP ers i an s w eren ol on g erc apab l eof apprec i -
ati n g theref i n ed d oc tri n es of S ophei s m , of W i s d om , of G n os ti c i s m
.W hatev erhean d hi s tw el v e
Im au m s , i f hehad s u c hac ab i n et, m i g htb el i ev e, thetras hof theK oran w as ' m ores u i tab l etothe
v u l g arpopu l ac e .S ophei s m , thes ec retd oc tri n e, m i g hthav eb ec om etooc om m on
; i tw as n ec es -
s ary topu ti td ow n - tokeepthepeopl ei n i g n oran c e .T hi s w as w hattheP opes d i d w i thG n os ti -
c i s m - prohi b i ti tpu b l i c l y , hol d i ts ec retl y
.T hi s w as , perhaps , theori g i n al reas on of thec om po-
s i ti on of theK oran , atal l ev en ts Ic an n otd ou b tthati tw as thereas on w hi c hc au s ed theCal i ph
Othm an tored ac ttheK oran
.F oran y thi n g w ekn ow , thef i rs tc opy of i tm ay hav eb een an
ex pos eof thed oc tri n es of S ophei s m orW i s d om as tau g htb y theG reatM oham ed , an d i f w ej u d g e
of i tf rom hi s hi g hc harac ter, w em ay read i l y b el i ev ethati tm ay hav eb een v ery f i n ean d w orthy
of i ts au thor ; b u tw ereal l y c an kn ow n othi n g ab ou ti t, n ori s i tl i kel y thatw eev ers hal l kn ow
an y thi n g u n l es s s om ec opy of i tm ay rem ai n am on g theS ophees of theE as t
.
Ic an en tertai n l i ttl ed ou b tthatal l theCal i phs of theS arac en s w eres ec retl y oropen l y S ophees
;
an d thatS ophei s m c on ti n u ed theE s oteri c rel i g i on of thes tateti l l theT u rki s hb arb ari an s ov erran
thei rem pi re, an d c am eov ertotherel i g i on of thev u l g arK oran f rom thei row n , w hatev eri tm i g ht
b e.W hethertheS u l tan s an d theu pperc l as s es of theT u rks areatthi s d ay i n an y res pec ts u peri or
tothei rf ol l ow ers u pon thes es u b j ec ts , Ihav en otthem ean s of ac q u i ri n g i n f orm ati on .Iti s pro-
b ab l ethat, l i ketheChri s ti an s an d theJ ew s , they areal l v i c ti m s of thepol i c y w hi c hf orm ed or
retai n ed , w hen f orm ed b y ac c i d en tal c i rc u m s tan c es , aref i n ed rel i g i on f orthec ab i n et, thec on c l av e
- ab as eon ef orthepeopl e .A l as 1 w hatm i s ery has thi s b rou g htu pon thew orl d
! Bu ti ts d ay
i s n earl y pas t .
T hew ord S oph, i n P ers i an , has them ean i n g of w ool , an d theref ores om epers on s hav ethou g ht
thed oc tri n es of S ophei s m w eren am ed f rom i t- ov erl ooki n g w hatIs hou l d hav ethou g htc ou l d n ot
w el l b em i s s ed , thew ord 2
; o ,
~ ' ta
w i s d om , f rom w hi c hn od ou b ti ttooki ts n am e .W eareal s o
tol d b y S i rJ ohn M al c ol m thatthes epeopl ehad av ery rem arkab l en am e, thatof
P hi l os au f s , that
i s , phi l os ophers
.
T hes ov erei g n s of P ers i ahav etheti tl es of S ophi an d S hah .
T hef i rs tex pl ai n s i ts el f ; the
s ec on d m ean s , protec tor, pres erv er, s av i ou r, f rom theH eb rew w ord
y w '
i s o, tos av e . F rom E l i - s ha,
s u c c es s orof E l i j ah, of the G od
J ab , has c om etheti tl eof al l theS has of P ers i aan d otherc ou n tri es .
T heP a- s hai s thes am e ; thew ord P ai s ei therBaorA b
f ather ortheE g y pti an an d Copti c em -
' S i rJ ohn M al c ol m ' s H i s tory of P ers i a, Ch
. x x . p .26 6 .
7 27
7 28

M an es , M as on s Con ti n u ed
phati c arti c l eP i
.A s w ec al l ou rki n g m aj es ty ;
an d as theR om an s c al l ed thei rem peror
D i v u s , s o
theA s i ati c s c al l thei rki n g s S has
.
Om - rahs areOm - ray s , j u d g es , pos s es s ors of w i s d om , ray s orem an ati on s of Om
.
In T ai t' s
E d i n b u rg hM ag az i n e,
1
an ac c ou n ti s g i v en of s om ey ou n g M oham ed an d ev otees c hau n ti n g i n
c horu s , i n prai s eof theprophet, thew ord
A m b er- ee . Ic an n othel ps u s pec ti n g thathei s here
i n v oked b y theti tl eof Om , an d thatthen am eof thef am ou s pal ac ei n S pai n , A l am b ra, has b een
thehou s eof A l - am - b ra,
thehol y ri m - the
b ra u s ed l i ketheL ati n D i v u s .
Ithi n kthew ord f or w i s e
m ay b ef ou n d i n theH eb rew rT m w s pe, rel i g i ou s s en ti m en t . S eeP ark-
hu rs ti n v oc e, IV, an d i n T ow
s pt, j u d g m en t, w hen c ec am etheS u f etes orj u d g es of theT y ri an s .
Bu t
e, tv
s p w i l l b etheroot, the
i n m u tab l eorom i s s ab l e
. H en c eS api oan d S api en ti a .
S i rJ ohn M al c ol m takes hi s ac c ou n ts of thes epers on s f rom thei ren em i es , theref orei n ev ery
partof i tan ev i d en tb i as ag ai n s tthem m ay b eperc ei v ed
; b u thead m i ts thatthey hav ehad am on g
them g reatn u m b ers of thew i s es tan d ab l es tm en an d f i n es tpoets an d l i terary c harac ters of P ers i a
an d theE as t .
H es ay s , 2 " T heM ahom ed an S oof ees hav een d eav ou red toc on n ec tthei rm y s ti c f ai th
i w i ththed oc tri n eof thei rprophet, w ho, they as s ert,
w as hi m s el f an ac c om pl i s hed S of ee
. T he
"
P ers i an f ol l ow ers of thi s s ec td eem A l i , hi s s on s , an d al l thetw el v eIm au m s , teac hers of S of ee-
C 1
i s m ; " 3
an d they c l ai m as f ol l ow ers of thei rs ec tal m os tal l theg reatm en of thew orl d . 4 H ere,
i f Id on otg reatl y m i s take, w ef i n d theE s oteri c rel i g i on of M oham ed , how ev erm u c hpers ec u ted
an d en d eav ou red tob es u ppres s ed b y hi s v u l g arf ol l ow ers thepres en tT u rks .
S ophei s m , w earetol d , i s d i v i d ed i n tof ou rs tag es
. In thef i rs t, am an i s req u i red toob s erv e
theri tes an d c erem on i es of rel i g i on f orthes akeof thev u l g ar, w hoarei n c apab l eof l ooki n g to
hi g herm atters
. In thes ec on d s tag e, am an i s s ai d toob tai n pow erorf orc e, an d m ay l eav ehi s
teac hertos tu d y b y hi m s el f ; hei s s ai d toen terthepal eof S ophei s m , an d hem ay q u i tf orm s an d
c erem on i es , w hi c hheex c han g es f ors pi ri tu al w ors hi p .T hi s s tag ec an n otb eob tai n ed w i thou t
g reatpi ety , v i rtu e, an d f orti tu d e :
f orthem i n d c an n otb etru s ted i n then eg l ec tof u s ag es an d
ri tes n ec es s ary tores trai n i tw hen w eak, ti l l i thathac q u i red s tren g thf rom hab i ts of m en tal d ev o-
ti on , g rou n d ed on aproperkn ow l ed g eof i ts ow n d i g n i ty , an d of theD i v i n en atu re
.T hethi rd
s tag ei s thatof kn ow l ed g e, i .e . W i s d om , an d thed i s c i pl ew hoarri v es ati ti s d eem ed tohav e
attai n ed s u pern atu ral kn ow l ed g e ; i n otherw ord s , tob ei n s pi red ; an d w hen hearri v es atthi s
s tate, hei s s u ppos ed tob eeq u al tothean g el s
.
T hef ou rthan d l as ts tag ed en otes hi s arri v al at
tru th,
w hi c hi m pl i es hi s c om pl eteu n i on w i ththeD i v i n i ty . 5
Itappears thatb y thei rteac hers they " arei n v i ted toem b arkon thes eaof d ou b t
; "
6
u n q u es -
ti on ab l y thi s m u s tb eheres y i n ev ery rel i g i on .T hey hol d d oc tri n es res pec ti n g theex i s ten c eof
m atters i m i l artotheref i n ed d oc tri n es of thei l l u s i on of In d i a, an d Ihav en od ou b t, f rom w hat
d rops f rom theg al l an tkn i g ht, 7 al s os i m i l artothed oc tri n es of theem an ati on f rom the roov
of
P l atoan d of Orpheu s , an d of theIn d i an s , w i ththel atterof w hom hes ay s thatthes ed el u s i v ean d
v i s i on ary d oc tri n es hav em os tf l ou ri s hed . 8 H ef u rthers tates thatthei rd oc tri n es m ay b e
" trac ed
i n s om es hapeorotheri n ev ery reg i on of thew orl d ."
0
Id ares ay they m ay
.A g ai n , hes ay s ,
~ ~ T heS of ees repres en tthem s el v es as d ev oted tothes earc hof tru th, an d i n c es s an tl y oc c u pi ed i n
~ ~ ad ori n g theA l m i g hty , an u n i on w i thw hom they d es i rew i thal l thef erv ou rof d i v i n el ov e
.T he

Creator, ac c ord i n g tothei rb el i ef , i s d i f f u s ed ov eral l hi s c reati on .

H eex i s ts ev ery w herean d
" i n ev ery thi n g . 1 0 T hey c om paretheem an ati on s of hi s es s en c eors pi ri ttotheray s of thes u n ,
N o.1 .p .3 2 .

2
P .27 9 .

3
P
.27 6 .

4 P .27 8
.
P .27 0 .

6 P .26 8 .

7 P
.26 9 , n .

P .26 8 .
9
P .26 7 . 1 0 Ib i d .p.26 9
.
BookX
.ChapterVI .S ec ti on 1 4

7 29
` ~ w hi c h, they c on c ei v e, arec on ti n u al l y d arted f orthan d reab s orb ed , an d they b el i ev ethatthe
" s ou l of m an , an d thepri n c i pl eof l i f ew hi c hex i s ts throu g hou tal l n atu re, aren otf rom G od , b u t
" of G od
." IH erei s c ertai n l y theG n os ti c d oc tri n eof em an ati on s w hi c hIhav ei n partex -
pl ai n ed , an d of w hi c hIs hal l hav em u c htos ay hereaf ter
.
T heS of ees ared i v i d ed atthi s d ay i n tom an y s ec ts , an d , i n thei rf ou rs tag es , they hav eas pe-
c i es of M as on i c orE l eu s i n i an i n i ti ati on f rom l ow ertohi g herd eg rees
.A s w ehav ej u s tn ow s een ,
S i rJ ohn s ay s , thethi rd s tag ei s thatof kn ow l ed g e, thef ou rthof tru th
.Is u s pec tthati tou g htto
b e, thethi rd of tru th, thef ou rthof kn ow l ed g e, i
.e
.W IS D OM , 2
; oc i a .T heS of ees of P ers i aare
en thu s i as ti c al l y attac hed topoetry an d m u s i c , b othof w hi c hIhav en od ou b tow ethei rori g i n to
rel i g i on , an d thatrec i tati v ean d c hau n ti n g aren otm od ern Ital i an i n v en ti on s , b u tthatthey hav e
ex i s ted f rom them os trem otean ti q u i ty .S i rJ ohn , af ters tati n g thec hi ef partof w hattheread er
has s een , ad m i ts thatthey i n v ol v ethei rten ets i n m y s tery , 2an d thatthey hav es ec rets an d m y s -
teri es of ev ery s tag e, w hi c haren ev errev eal ed totheprof an e, an d torev eal w hi c hw ou l d b ea
c ri m eof the
.d eepes ttu rpi tu d e .3 On eof thei rm os tl earn ed w orks , c al l ed theM u s n av i , w hi c h
teac hes , i n thes w eetes ts trai n s , thatal l n atu reab ou n d s w i thd i v i n el ov e, w as w ri tten b y a
pers on c al l ed theM ool l ahof R oom
.Ihav en od ou b tu n d erthi s m y s ti c n am em orei s m ean tthan
m eets theey e .4 S i rJ ohn s ay s H as an S ab ahan d hi s d es c en d an ts w ere( as Ithi n km i g htb eex -
pec ted ) arac eof S of ees , 5 an d thatthey w ereof thes ec tof Bi tten ehh, thati s Bu d d ha .T hey
w ereT em pl ars , orCas i - d ean s orChas - d i - i m , orf ol l ow ers of R as , orM as on s
.
T heu s eof theP al l i u m ors ac red c l oaktoc on v ey thec harac terof i n s pi rati on w as prac ti s ed b y
theIm au m s of P ers i a, thes am eas prac ti s ed b y E l i as an d E l i s hah, E l i - S hah
; an d i ti s c on ti n u ed
b y thei rf ol l ow ers tothi s d ay
.W hen apers on i s ad m i tted tothehi g hes td eg ree, hew i l l rec ei v e
thei n v es ti tu rew i ththeP al l i u m an d theS am ac h, w hi c hi s theXetpoT w v i a
.W hen theG ran d
S ei g n orm ean s tohon ou rapers on heg i v es hi m aP el l i s e, aP al l , aK 6 g pl a, as ac red c l oak, arem -
n an tof theol d s u pers ti ti on , them ean i n g prob ab l y b ei n g f org otten
.
F rom thi s .c om es thew ord pal l s atou rf u n eral s
.On eof then am es of thec hi ef of theA s s as -
s i n s w as Ol d m an of them ou n tai n - S en ex d em on ti b u s .T heBu d d w aof S c otl an d w as c al l ed ol d
m an , an d Bu d d ha, i n In d i a, m ean s ol d m an .M y opi n i on thattheA s s as s i n s w ereBu d d hi s ts re-
c ei v es c on f i rm ati on i n partf rom thi s .H ew as thean c i en tof d ay s , w hos ehai rw as w ool , of a
w hi tec ol ou r
; b u ti n P ers i an thew ord S of eem ean s b othw i s d om an d w ool
.L on g w hi tehai r
w as thepec u l i arem b l em of w i s d om .
A c aref u l c on s i d erati on of w hatIhav es ai d w i l l en ab l em y read ertoac c ou n tf orm an y c i rc u m -
s tan c es w hi c hhehas s een s tated res pec ti n g H as s an S ab ahan d theS arac en c hi ef s , i n theti m eof
theCru s ad es , thou g hthes u b j ec ti s s ti l l n oten ti rel y w i thou td i f f i c u l ty
: an d w i l l f u rn i s has ati s -
f ac tory reas on w hy , ab ou tthey earof Chri s t1 20 0 , w hen theex pec ted c om pl eti on of theperi od of
c y c l es arri v ed , an d b rou g htn othi n g w i thi tb u ttheu s u al phen om en aof n atu re, theex pec tan ts of
thes ec rets y s tem l os tthei rhopes , an d g rad u al l y s u n ki n tothev u l g arm as s .
T hetru ec harac terof theS of ees an d of theE s oteri c f ai thof pu reM oham ed i s m m ay b ec l earl y
d i s c ern ed f rom thef ol l ow i n g c on c l u d i n g pas s ag eof S i rJ ohn M al c ol m ' s res pec ti n g them
: " Ihav e
" ab s tai n ed f rom an y d es c ri pti on of thev ari ou s ex traord i n ary s hapes w hi c hthi s m y s ti c al f ai thhas
" taken i n In d i a, w herei thas al w ay s f l ou ri s hed , an d w herei thas atti m es b een b en ef i c i al i n
" u n i ti n g theoppos i teel em en ts of theH i n d u an d M oham ed an f ai th
: 7 n orhav eIv en tu red to
IS i rJ ohn M al c ol m ' s H i s t
.p .26 9
.

4 P
.28 1 .

' P
.29 0 .
4 P
.27 9

6 P
.29 3
.

6 M al c ol m ' s H i s t
.P ers .Chap
.x x .-
S hew n i n thec as eof theS i khs
.
7 3 0

M an es , M as on s Con ti n u ed
` ~ of f eran y rem arks on thes i m i l ari ty b etw een m an y u s ag es an d opi n i on s of theS oof ees an d thos e
` of theG n os ti c s an d otherChri s ti an s ec ts , as w el l as of s om eof thean c i en tG reekphi l os ophers
.
` ~ T hepri n c i pal S oof eew ri ters aref am i l i arw i ththew i s d om of A ri s totl ean d P l ato
: thei rm os t
" c el eb rated w orks ab ou n d w i thq u otati on s
f rom thel atter .
A n ac c ou n tof P y thag oras , i f tran s -
l ated i n toP ers i an , w ou l d b eread as thatof aS oof ees ai n t
.
H i s i n i ti ati on i n tothem y s teri es of
` ~ theD i v i n en atu re, hi s d eepc on tem pl ati on an d ab s trac ti on , hi s m i rac l es , hi s pas s i on atel ov eof
"
m u s i c , hi s m od eof teac hi n g hi s d i s c i pl es , thepers ec u ti on hes u f f ered , an d them an n erof hi s
` ~ d eath, pres en tu s w i thac l os eparal l el tow hati s rel ated of m an y em i n en tS oof eeteac hers , an d
` ~ m ay l ead toas u ppos i ti on
thattherem u s thes om ethi n g s i m i l ari n thes tateof kn ow l ed g e an d of
` ~ s oc i ety , w herethes am ec au s es prod u c ethes am eef
fec ts ." ' In d eed , S i rJ ohn , therei s s om ethi n g
s i m i l ar, f orthey areal l i d en ti c al , w i thaf ew tri f l i n g al terati on s , prod u c ed b y ti m ean d c han g eof
c ou n try .
H ere, i n theS oof ees of P ers i a, w ehav etheE s oteri c i of Bu d d ha, of M os es , of J es u s ,
an d of M ohan m ed , how ev erd i s g rac ed atthi s ti m eb y n u m erou s s ec tari an d i v i s i on s an d m i s c hi ev ou s
ab s u rd i ti es of ev ery ki n d
. In s hort, S ophei s m i s G n os ti c i s m
; an d , i f w ec an d i s c ov ertheon e,
w es hal l d i s c ov ertheother .
On theS of ees S i rW i l l i am J on es s ay s ,
" Iw i l l on l y d etai n y ou w i thaf ew rem arks on thatm e-
"
taphy s i c al theol og y w hi c hhas b een prof es s ed i m m em ori al l y b y an u m erou s s ec tof P ers i an s an d
CQ
H i n d u s , w as c arri ed i n parti n toG reec e, an d prev ai l s ev en n ow am on g thel earn ed M u s s el m an s ,

w hos om eti m es av ow i tw i thou tres erv e .

T hem od ern phi l os ophers of thi s pers u as i on arec al l ed
" S u f i s ,
ei therf rom theG reekw ord f oras ag e, orf rom thew ool l en m an tl ew hi c hthey u s ed to
" w eari n s om eprov i n c es of P ers i a :
thei rf u n d am en tal ten ets are, thatn othi n g ex i s ts ab s ol u tel y
b u tG od ;
thatthehu m an s ou l i s an em an ati on f rom hi s es s en c e, an d thou g hd i v i d ed f orati m e
` ~ f rom i ts heav en l y s ou rc e, w i l l b ef i n al l y reu n i ted w i thi t : thatthehi g hes tpos s i b l ehappi n es s
L 0 w i l l ari s ef rom i ts reu n i on : an d thatthec hi ef g ood of m an ki n d i n thi s tran s i tory w orl d , c on s i s ts
G 0
i n as perf ec tan u n i on w i ththeE tern al S pi ri tas thei n c u m b ran c es of am ortal f ram ew i l l al l ow
~ ~ thatf orthi s pu rpos ethey s hou l d b reakal l c on n ex i on ( or taal l u k, as they c al l i t 2 ) w i thex -
" tri n s i c ob j ec ts , an d pas s throu g hl i f ew i thou tattac hm en ts , as as w i m m eri n theoc ean s tri kes
" f reel y w i thou tthei m ped i m en tof c l othes , thatthey s hou l d b es trai g htan d f reeas thec y pres s ,
" w hos ef ru i ti s hard l y perc epti b l e, an d n ots u n ku n d eral oad , l i kef ru i t- trees attac hed toatrel l i s
"
thati f m ereearthl y c harm s hav epow ertoi n f l u en c ethes ou l , thei d eaof c el es ti al b eau ty m u s t
" ov erw hel m i ti n ec s tati c d el i g ht :
thatf orw an tof aptw ord s toex pres s theD i v i n eperf ec ti on s .
" an d theard ou rof d ev oti on , w em u s tb orrow s u c hex pres s i on s as approac hthen eares ttoou r
i d eas , an d s peakof b eau ty an d l ov ei n atran s c en d en tan d m y s ti c al s en s e : that, l i keareed torn
" f rom i ts n ati v eb an k, l i kew ax s eparated f rom i ts d el i c i ou s hon ey , thes on of m an b ew ai l s i ts

d i s u n i on w i thm el an c hol y m u s i c , an d s hed s b u rn i n g tears , l i kethel i g hted taperw ai ti n g pas s i on -

" atel y f orthem om en tof i ts ex ti n c ti on , as ad i s en g ag em en tf rom earthl y tram m el s , an d the
" m ean s of retu rn i n g toi ts on l y b el ov ed . S u c hi n part( f orIom i tthem i n u teran d m ores u b ti l

m etaphy s i c s of theS u f i s w hi c harem en ti on ed i n theD ab i s tan ) i s thew i l d an d en thu s i as ti c re-

l i g i on of them od ern P ers i an poets , es pec i al l y of thes w eetH af i z an d theg reatM au l av i
: s u c h
` ~ i s thes y s tem of theVed an ti phi l os ophers an d b es tL y ri c poets of In d i a- as y s tem of thehi g hes t

an ti q u i ty b othi n P ers i aan d In d i a

." 3 W em u s tn otf org etthattheab ov ei s thef i g u rati v ed e-
s c ri pti on of thepoets , thereal d oc tri n es of theS of ees areaprof ou n d s ec ret, u n tol d b y H af i z or
M au l av i , an d on l y v ery parti al l y kn ow n , b y g u es s es ori n f eren c e, b y J on es
.Bu ten ou g htran
.
s pi res tos hew then atu reof thereal u n c orru pted s y s tem
.
I S hew n i n thec as e
of theS i khs , p .3 0 0 .

'
T hati s , hol d n oc on v ers ati on , n otal k .
G .H .
' A s i at . R es . Vol .II . pp.6 2, 6 3
.
BookX
.ChapterVI
. S ec ti on 1 4

7 3 1
If theread erc on s i d erw hathas b een s ai d res pec ti n g thec harac terof theCal i ph, thes ac red head
of theM u s s el m an rel i g i on , an d res pec ti n g therel i g i on of theS ophees , ev i d en tl y thes ec retrel i g i on
of M oham ed , an d of thed oc tri n eof W i s d om ev ery w hereapparen t, then c aref u l l y ex am i n em y
tab l eof al phab ets an d ob s erv ethew ay i n w hi c htheG am m aorG i m el b ec am eC, an d how ag ai n
theCan d the 2 b ec am ec on f ou n d ed , an d thattheCc am etob ew ri tten i n v ery m an y c as es b y
K , I L
s hal l n otb ethou g htg u i l ty of ag reatparad ox i n m ai n tai n i n g , thattherei s as tron g prob a-
b i l i ty thatthew ord K hal i f w as f orm ed of thew ord A l - s oph ; thattheS phab ees orS i pahi s had
thei rn am ef rom thes am eroot
; thatthey w erethec av al ry of W i s d om , of theS u ph .M an y
w ord s m i g htb epoi n ted ou tw hi c hhav eu n d erg on em u c hg reaterc han g es .T hec i rc u m s tan c es i n
f av ou rof thi s arepec u l i arl y s tron g
.Bu ti tm ay al s oc om ef rom S oph- Cal i , taki n g Cal i i n the
s en s eei therof W i s d om orL og os , orK os m os i n thes en s eof b eau ty
ari s i n g f rom ord er .
In ad d i ti on totheS ophees , w hoarethes am eas theP ers i an S ophi s , w ehav e, am on g the
In d i an s , thew i s F m en c al l ed R as - ees orR i s h- ees
: thes eareev i d en tl y taken f rom theH eb rew
R as , orR as i t
.T heP l ei ad es w ereb el i ev ed tob ed i f f eren tf rom al l others tars i n hav i n g am oti on
w i thi n them s el v es .
P erhaps i tm i g htb ef ors om ereas on c on n ec ted w i ththi s , thatthey w ere
c al l ed R i s hees orR as hees , b u tthei repi thetorq u al i ty of w i s d om s hew s w hatthey w ere .A rri an
n oti c es thes eR as hees orS ophees b y thel attern am e
:
hec al l s them
S ophi s ts or w i s em en , w ho, he
s ay s , aref ew i n n u m b er, b u tran kf i rs ti n thec ou n try
. 2 T hes eS ophi s ts aref ou n d i l l then ei g h-
b ou rhood of thetem pl eof S ol om on i n Cas hm ere, c al l ed
R as hees . T hei d en ti ty of thetw oc an n ot
b ed ou b ted
.T hey ared es c ri b ed as f ol l ow s i n theA y een A kb erry
: 1 1 T hem os tres pec tab l epeopl e
i n thi s c ou n try aretheR ey s hees , w ho, al thou g hthey d on ots u f f erthem s el v es tob ef ettered b y
~ ~ trad i ti on s , ared ou b tl es s tru ew ors hi pers of G od
.T hey rev i l en otan y others ec t, an d as kn o-
thi n g of an y on e
: they pl an ttheroad s w i thf ru i t- trees tof u rn i s hthetrav el l erw i thref res hm en t
~ ~ they ab s tai n f rom f l es h
; an d hav en oi n terc ou rs ew i ththeothers ex
.T herearen ear20 0 0 of
" thi s s ec ti n Cas hm eer
."
a
Cas hm erei s al l H ol y l an d
: i ts c api tal S i rry n ag u r .Ithas ari v er
c al l ed L atc hm ehku l ; 4
thati s , ac orru ptw ay of w ri ti n g l a, orel , oral ,
; 1 1 3 n r7
hkm e . T hes eR i s hees
arethes am eas S of ees , an d aretheCarm el i tes , N az ari tes , orE s s en i an s , b el on g i n g tothetem pl e
of S ol om on i n thi s c ou n try
.Cas hi - c ol l eg ec an b en othi n g b u tCas hi m ere, orthem ereori s l an d of
Cas hi , w heres tood thetem pl eof S ol om on , w hi c htheM ohan n ed an s d es troy ed , an d thetom b of
M os es .
W ehav ef orm erl y s een thatattheCol l eg eof Cas hi theChal d eel an g u ag ew as s poken ,
w hi c hw as s tu d i ed b y al l thephy s i c i an s atD el hi
.A b u l F az el s ay s , i n thew ord s j u s tq u oted ,
~ ~ T hem os tres pec tab l epeopl eof thi s c ou n try aretheR ey s hees , w ho, al thou g hthey d on ots u f f er
~ ~ them s el v es tob ef ettered b y trad i ti on s , ared ou b tl es s tru ew ors hi pers of G od
." ' T hes eR ey -
s hees Iapprehen d areR as - s hees orw i s em en , w hom D i od oru s c al l s S ophi tes , Ban d pl ac es ata
l i ttl ed i s tan c eb etw een Cas hm erean d theH y phas i s
.T heG reekw ord S ophi tes , i s b u tatran s l a-
ti on of R as - s hees .
In theY og ees orF akeers of In d i aw ehav ed erv i s es of M oham ed i s m , an d theH erm i ts an d F ri ars
of Chri s ti an i ty
.T hed erv i s es of M oham ed i s m arec opi es ei therf rom theChri s ti an s orH i n d oos ,
an d , i n f ac t, c orru pti on s _of M oham ed i s m
.M oham ed d ec l ared thathew ou l d hav en om on ks i n hi s
rel i g i on , an d i thad n on ef orthef i rs ttw ohu n d red y ears
.Iti s ev i d en tf rom A rri an an d P orphy ry
thatthes eord ers of m en w erew el l kn ow n i n thei rti m e
; an d thatthey w eref ou n d i n In d i ai n the
ti m eof A l ex an d er
.T hey ex i s ted i n d i f f eren tord ers b ef oretheti m es of J es u s i n E g y pt, S y ri a,
& c ., as E s s en es , Coen ob i tes , & c
.
; an d thos eon Carm el , d es c ri b ed b y P l i n y , b ec am eCarm el i tes .
1 T he f i rs tpart
of P ay n eK n i g ht' s treati s eon theG reekal phab etm ay b ec on s u l ted on thes ec han g es .
4
H i s t .In d .Ch.x ., x i .

3 G l ad w i n ' s A y een A kb erry , Vol

.II .1 5 5 .

Ib i d .p .1 5 6 .R en n el , M em .p .1 0 6 .
6 Ib i d .p .9 4 .
7 3 2

M an es , M as on s Con ti n u ed
W em ay f i n d i n thes c hool s of theprophets , =' D 1 1 C
z u pz m ' i n IS am
.i .1 , thec i ty of theS ophi m
orl earn ed , an d ag ai n 1 S am
. x .1 0 , 1 1 , an d x i x .1 8 - 24 .
S am u el an d D av i d d w el ti n thec i ty of
rn u
n u i t
N ai oth, thati s , thec i ty of N ei thor of w i s d om ,
an d i n thec ou n try of R am a n on
rm e .
T he
R az of In d i ai s theR as of G en es i s , an d m ean s
s ec retw i s d om , or
kn ow l ed g e. Iti s them i s tu rof
theH eb rew s .
T hehead orc hi ef w as aras or R A IS E D pers on
; thef i rs tem an ati on orR aj w as
w i s d om , theref orew i s d om w as thef i rs torhead or
apy rl . . H ew as thef i rs tex i s ten c eorhy pos -
tas i s i n ti m e .
T hehead , thes eatof w i s d om , w as ras :
thehead ru l erw as thes am e
: s othes eat-
of the ras
w as thes of aord i v an , s op- ai a, pl ac eof w i s d om
. T heH eb rew w ord f oras ophaorori en -
tal d i v an , i s rL 3 n te, as of ten w ri tten
n the, then ei tb
.T hes ophai s thed i v an i n eas tern c ou n tri es ,
u s ed s ol el y b y theR as orpri n c eord i v i n ei n c arn ati on of w i s d om
.D i v an i s D i v - an a, pl ac eof the
hol y on e . Ou rw ord rai s e
c om es f rom thew ord R as , i n thes en s eof head , as head orc hi ef of the
c l an .
T hew ay i n w hi c hw ehav ef ou n d thew ord s R as an d S ophi au s ed as ati tl eof hon ou rf orthe
ki n g s of P ers i aan d A b y s s i n i ai s v ery c u ri ou s , an d Ithi n ki tw i l l
n otb ethou g hts u rpri s i n g i f the
s am es y s tem b ef ou n d c arri ed al i ttl ef arther .
A d on i s , as Ihav es hew n , has them ean i n g of W i s -
d om .
Iti s
pti - K
a- d u n T H E
w i s d om . F rom thi s c om etheti tl eof theD on s of S pai n an d P ortu g al ,
of theW el s hA d on f or
L ord , an d theti tl eof 0 Con n erD on of Irel an d
. T heR os s i , orR os y - c ru -
c i an s ,
s
w i ththei rem b l em ati c red c ros s an d red ros e,
prob ab l y c am ef rom thef ab l eof A d on i s ( w ho
w as theS u n , w hom w ehav es een s oof ten c ru c i f i ed ) b ei n g c han g ed i n toared
ros e b y Ven u s . 3
Bu s
i n Iri s hs i g n i f i es atree, kn ow l ed g e, s c i en c e
: thi s i s theH eb rew
R as . . H en c etheP ers i an
R u s tan . 4
W ehav eb ef ores een , thatw hen w epu rs u ed thew ord D on totheu tm os tpoi n t
tow hi c hw e
c ou l d c arry ou rres earc hes , w ef ou n d i ttoen d i n W i s d om
. T hi s i s w hatw as n atu ral , i f m y s y s -
tem b etru e .
Itc ou l d s c arc el y b eex pec ted thati n s om eon eof thed i al ec ts
them ean i n g w ou l d
n otb ef ou n d .
W ehav es een thatM ai aw as c on s i d ered them otherof Bu d d haortheL og os orthe
s am eas theL og os an d d i v i n ew i s d om . W ehav eas eac al l ed M ai oti s orM ai eti s orM ari a
. Iti s
al s oc al l ed thes eaof A - s ophorof the
w i s d om . In toi tru n s theri v erT an - ai s orD on , al s oc al l ed
ri v erof A s opu s , theS oph, on w hi c hi s atow n c al l ed A s oph( orA s ow i n R u s s i an )
an d T an ai s , an d
i ti s i n thed i s tri c tc al l ed B- ac hm u t, orof n 1 o] rrr
b - hkm u t, orof W i s d om . 5
T heR ed S eai s c al l ed thes eaof g 1 D s u p.
T hi s n am eItaketob ethes am eas then am eof the
P al u s M aeoti s orS eaof
A s oph,
an d tohav eb een
z l i K
as p i n thes i n g u l ar, o' m u b t as pi n t i n thepl u ral ,
w hi c hi s thew ord u s ed i n D an i el f orA s trol og ers or
w i s em en , orM ag i .
s
T hey w erethes am eas
theChas d i m orChal d ean s
. T herootof thi s w as thes am eas theG reek2; 0 4 P 0 6
oI w i s em an , an d
thi s s eaof S u phw as thes eaof w i s d om , S ophi a,
thes am eas theM ai oti s , an d c am ef rom thes am e
root.
Ithi n ki tm ay al s ob ef ou n d i n F rey , w i ththem ean i n g of v ertex , i n 9 ' j D
s n i p, an d
O' D pD
s opi m ,
thou g hts , c og i tati on es , f rom theroot
ry D s op
.
D r
.S tan l ey s ay s , ?
a
A s haphi m w ereratherthes am eas S ou phou n i n A rab i c k, w i s e, rel i g i ou s
"
pers on ."
A g ai n hes ay s , s " perhaps f rom theH eb rew root
A s haph c om es theG reekaooog ."
W hen Ic on s i d erthepropi n q u i ty of thed i s tri c tof Bac hm u t, an d
thetow n of D on , an d the
S eaof
'
Cal l ed b y P ag n i n u s S ophi m .
s
T heJ ew el
of theR os s i c ru c i an s i s
f orm ed of a tran s paren tred s ton e, w i thared c ros s
on on es i d e, an d ared ros e
on theother
.T hu s i t i s a c ru c i f i ed ros e.
s
S eeD ru m m on d ' s
Ori g .Vol .III .p .1 21 .
* Val l .Col l .H i b
.Vol .IV. P t. I .p .8 4 .
T hean c i en tS ard i c a, i n L at .4 0 d eg . 5 0 m i n ., i s n ow c al l ed
S ophi a ; the
an c i en tA q u i n c u m Bu d aorBu d d ha.
T hes ew ere, Ib el i ev e, ol d n am es res tored . Vi d eD ' A n v i l l e' s A tl as
.
E n c .Bri t .i n v oc e, A s ow .

6
D u ret, p .3 29 . .

7 H i s t .Chai d .P hi l . p .7 6 4 ,
4 to .

Ib i d .
BookX
.ChapterVI . S ec ti on 1 5

7 3 3
A s ophtoChol c os , an d S i n d i c aan d theChal d ei , I an d otherc i rc u m s tan c es , Ic an n otf eel an y d ou b t,
thati n thew ord s D on , A s oph, Bac hm u t, w ehav ethean c i en tm y thos
.
W hen w ec on s i d erthat
theem pi reof theR as i s on on es i d eof theR ed S ea, an d M ec c a, thec api tal .of theM oham ed an
S ophees , on theother, w ec an n otb es u rpri s ed thati ts hou l d b ec al l ed thes eaof w i s d om
.
Zoroas terhad w i ththeP ars es thes u rn am eof
S apet- m an . W hen Irec ol l ec tthatw i ththe
N orthern n ati on s M an n u s
m ean t m an , Ic an n othel pb el i ev i n g thatS apet- m an m ean t w i s em an .
A n q u i tal d eri v es i tf rom S apetm e, ex c el l en t . 2 T he
=' m m
as pi m , i n Chal d ee, m ean
c on arers or
w i s em en ; 3
g i n t
as p, A s ophi n i ,
m V
s pt, j u d g m en t ;
a' n D 1 tw
s u pti m , j u d g es .
T hes ew erethe
Carthag i n i an S u f f etes orJ u d g es .
In BookIX .Chap .I .S ec t : 9 , Ihav ed eri v ed then am eof thes eaof A rab i aortheR ed S ea, the
s eaof
rpD
s u p, f rom
r1 Y
z u p, w hi c hm ean s c orrec tl y , them os ts ec retpl ac e, an d theH ol y of H ol i es .
Ib el i ev ei ti s thes am eas r1 D s u p, f rom b ei n g thepec u l i arpl ac eof W i s d om , w hi c hi s s ai d to
s hrou d i ts el f i n d arkn es s . Bu ti ti s of l i ttl ec on s eq u en c e ; i tm ay b ec on s i d ered an erratu m , an d
thati tc om es f rom r
; z
as p, the w i s em an orM ag u s ; b u ti ti s ev i d en tl y thes am ethi n g . N oon e
c an d ou b tthatthereal rooti s
rtv
s p . F rom theS erpen tb ei n g theem b l em of w i s d om i n E g y pti t
w as c al l ed ~ 4 s p, w hi c hhas pas s ed tou s
. Itw as c om m on l y b el i ev ed i n E g y pt, thati tn ev er
d i ed . 4
T hef am ou s w el l , Zem Zem , atM ec c a, i s thew el l of w i s d om , pn y z m m
.
a
In theref i n ed d oc -
tri n es of S ophei s m , thati s , of G n os ti c i s m , an d i n thed oc tri n es of theetern al ren ew al of c y c l es , w e
m ay f i n d thereas on w hy theg reates tm en of theori en tal w orl d tu rn ed M oham ed an s . N oon ec an
d en y thatthos ed oc tri n es , c has ten ed d ow n tothei rpri m i ti v es i m pl i c i ty , areref i n ed an d b eau ti f u l ,
al thou g hc apab l eof b ei n g c arri ed toan ex c es s pern i c i ou s toi ts prof es s ors . Bu ti f i thav em ad e
s el f - torm en tors f orthel ov eof G od , i ts eem s n ev ertohav eex c i ted i ts v otari es tothec u tti n g of the
throats of thos ew hod i d n otprof es s i ts d oc tri n es . Ithi n kw hen , i n thel atterpartof thi s b ook,
m y read ers hal l hav es een thew hol ed ev el opm en tof thean c i en td oc tri n e, of W i s d om , hew i l l n o
l on g erb eatal os s f orareas on w hy M oham ed i s m prev ai l ed i n thes ev en thc en tu ry ov ertheb as e
Chri s ti an i s m w hi c hw as then tau g httothev u l g arb y i ts pri es ts .
1 5
.W hen w el ookarou n d u s , i n n u m erab l ed etac hed c i rc u m s tan c es prov ethataf orm erv ery
f i n ean d en l i g hten ed rac eex i s ted , an d thati ts theol og y , how ev erf al s ei tm i g htb e, w as n oton l y
n otf ool i s h, b u tv ery ref i n ed an d b eau ti f u l ; an d thi s Is hal l prov eatl arg epres en tl y . Bu tl ookat
thew orks g i v en tou s b y M r .Upham an d others , as theIn d i an theol og y of thi s d ay , an d how c an
an y thi n g b em ean er?
Iti s n otu n l i kel y thatthepri es ts hav ec orru pted ev en theVed as , the
ol d es tof thei rb ooks , i n thed i f f eren tag es throu g hw hi c hthey hav epas s ed , tom akethem f i tto,
ortorai s eu pon them , s u pers ti ti on s s u i tab l etothed eg rad ed tas teof theti m e . Bu ttherei s on e
f i n ew orkc om ed ow n to
u s ,
ex trem el y b eau ti f u l , thes i m pl i c i ty of w hi c hi s i n perf ec tkeepi n g w i th
thec on tem pl ati v ei c on of d i v i n ew i s d om , c al l ed Bu d d ha( P l ates , F i g
.3 4 ) ; w i ththes i m pl i c i ty
of thec i rc u l artem pl es of S ton ehen g e, D i pal d en ha, an d theP y ram i d s
; w i ththes i m pl i c i ty of the
d oc tri n es of theT ri m u rti , an d theren ew al of Cy c l es , & c
., & c ., & c . ; an d thati s thew orkc al l ed the
F ab l es of A E s oporL oc km an . 6
Vi d eD ' A n v i l l e, A n c .A t .

r
D eS al v erte, E s s ai s u rN om s , Vol .I .p .9 0 .

S eeP arkhu rs t
.
* T heA rab i an s c al l aS erpen t, S u pphon . P arkhu rs ti n v oc e rn ty s pe, ~ n tv
s pp .p . 7 6 0 .
6 Val l .Col l .H i b .Vol .V .p .4
2.
6
S eeUn i v .H i s t .Vol .XVIII, p .4 0 1 ; s eeal s oD ' H erb el ot, i n thearti c l eL okm an ;
N i m rod , 1 1 .p .6 6 0 .
7 3 4

L oc km an
.IE s op
H ei s s ai d tohav el i v ed i n theti m eof H eb er, of D av i d , an d of S ol om on : an d tohav eb een a
J ew , thati s , of thetri b eof Iou d i orJ u d ah
.H ei s c l ai m ed b y theG reeks , theJ ew s , theA ra-
b i an s , theP ers i an s , theE thi opi an s , an d theIn d i an s .M u c hhas b een w ri tten ab ou thi m
.I
b el i ev ethef ab l es of s oparethef ab l es of the~ o4 pi aan d of L oc km an , of L ' hkm , D R S l hkm , the
w i s e .H i s res i d en c e, i f heev erl i v ed , prob ab l y w as i n Ou d i a
.T hen ati on s areal l ri g ht, b ec au s e
they arethef ab l es of W i s d om , an d they al l had thed oc tri n eof W i s d om .In A rab i atherew as a
tri b eof L oc hm i an s w hos eg en eral n am ew as M on d ar .' T hey w ered es c en d ed f rom L akhm , the
s on of A m - ru , thes on of S ab a .T hei rki n g d om l as ted 6 0 0 y ears
.T hew ord s L oc hm an , M on d ar,
L akhm , A m - ru , S ab a, an d thei r6 0 0 - y earki n g d om , c an w an tn oex pl an ati on f oran y pers on w ho
has read thi s b ook
.T hey ev i d en tl y b es peaktheu n i v ers al m y thos
.
H otti n g ers ay s , " L okm an , v el L u km an eathi epl an e7 rapei a- ax T O, r, " ( thi s i s m os tc l earl y the
P aras ac ti of In d i a, w hi c hH otten g erhas g othol d of an d m i s u n d ers tood , ) " q u ern tam en i n teg ra
" S u ratd c om m en d atM u ham ed q u aen u m eroeatXXX
.Qu i s v erof u eri t, aM u ham ed an i s
" A rab i b u s d i f f i c u l terob ti n eb i s
.M u ham ed eu m f ac i tD av i d i c oaetan eu m
.Bei d av i i n c om m en t
.
" p
.6 5 1 , ref erti l l u m f u i s s ef i l i u m N aora, ex f i l i i s A z ed , f i l i i S orori s ( n epoti s ex s orore) J ob i , au t
" M aterteraeej u s
; v i v i s s eau tem ad tem poraD av i d i s , aq u oi l l es c i en ti am d i d i c eret
.E x Chri s -
" ti an i s L okm an i hu j u s m em i n i tE l m ac i n u s d i eb u s ej u s ( J os i ae, R eg i s J u d ae) f u i tL okm an s api en s
.
" A u thortran s l atri on i s A l koran i v eteri s , eu m A l u c hm en appel l at
." G eorg i u s , p.9 7 , s ay s , P ara-
s ac hti , pri m al u x l i v ef l am m aaD eoi n v i s i b i l i m an an s
.Bu tP aras ac hti i s L ac hm i , an d L ac hm i i s
A l A c ham , D rhkm , 5 , 4 al -
; m 3 ri hkm e5 K al , L oc hm an i d em
.
T hu s L oc hm an w as thew i s em an , ac orru pti on of orhkm an d m an n u s .H ew as kn ow n tob e
& s optheau thorof thef ab l es
.T hel attern am ei s thes am eas thef orm eri n s u b s tan c e, i ti s the
em phati c arti c l e, an d D
t
, J s p, w hi c hi s theH el l rew rootof theG reekw ord Zo4 pi a, an d m ean s
w i s d om orthew i s em an
.T hu s L oc hm an D 3 n 5 l hkm an d L u c hm ei s - 7 =7 5 l hkm e, thes am ew ord
i n thef em i n i n ef orm .T heP aras ac ti on eof then am es of L ac hm i f ou n d b y H otti n g eri n theG reek
i s v ery c u ri ou s
.Itm ean s toi n s i n u atethes am eas 7 raps i o- ay a
.T he6 ay ai s theS ag ax
.T he
S c an d i n av i an M erc u ry orG od of c u n n i n g , thati s , i n otherw ord s , w i s d om , w as c al l ed L oke .N o
on ec an d ou b tw hen c ethi s c om es
.2L u g hm an ( L oc hm an ) i s ad i s tri c tof theA f g han s , b etw een
P es b aw eran d Cab u l
.Itc on tai n s them ou n tS u f f ai d ( i .e.S u f - ai - d i ) .T hel an g u ag ei s u n kn ow n ,
b u ti thas m an y P u s htow ord s .3
Un i v .H i s t.Vol .XVIII .P .4 29
.
4 Val l
.Col l .H i b .Vol .VI .p
.1 3 0 .L okm an A l H aki m .L okm an the
w i s e .Un i v ers .H i s t .Vol .XVIII .p .4 0 1 .
T h e
ki n g s of Coc hi n areal s oc al l ed H aki m
.
S ophi s ac om m on ti tl ei n In d i a, as A s ophu d D ow l ah .H am i l ton , p .1 3 2 .
3 S eeN i m rod , Vol
.II .p .6 6 0 .
L on d on , N ov em b er1 2, 1 8 3 2.