Appendix Conversion Factors

LENGTH
To Convert from Inches To feet angstrom units micrometers millimeters centimeters meters Feet inches angstrom units micrometers millimeters centimeters meters Millimeters inches feet angstrom units micrometers centimeters meters Centimeters inches feet angstrom units micrometers Multiply by 0.083333 2.54 x 108 25400 25.4 2.54 0.0254 12.0 3.048 x 109 304800 304.80 30.48 0.3048 3.9370079 x 10-2 3.2808399 x 10 1 x 10
7 -3

To Convert from

To millimeters meters

Multiply by 10 1 x 10-2 39.370079 3.2808399 1 x 1010 1 x 106 1 x 103 1 x 102 3 91.44 0.9144 3.9370079 x 10-9 3.28084 x 10-10 0.0001 1 x 10-7 1 x 10-8 1 x 10-10 3.9370079 x 10-5 3.2808399 x 10-6 1 x 104 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-6

Meters

inches feet angstrom units micrometers millimeters centimeters

Yard

feet centimeter meter

Angstrom units

inches feet micrometers millimeters centimeters meters

1 x 103 1 x 10-1 1 x 10
-3

Micrometers

inches feet angstrom units millimeters centimeters meters

0.39370079 0.032808399 1 x 108 1 x 10

4

For additional information, see American Society for Testing and Materials, Metric Practice Guide, ASTM E 380-72, 34 pp., 1973; International Organization of Standardization International Stardt, SI Units, and Recommendations for the Use of their Multiples and Certain Other Units, Ref. No. ISO 1000-1973(E), 21 pp., 1973; National Bureau of Standards, Engineering Standards, U.S. Metric Study, NBS SP 345-11, 250 pp., 1971.

815

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Appendix

AREA
To Convert from Square meters To square feet square centimeters square inches Square feet square meters square centimeters square inches Square centimeters square meters square feet square inches Square inches square meters square feet square centimeters Square yard acres square feet square centimeters square miles Acres square meters square feet yards Multiply by 10.76387 1 x 104 1550.0031 9.290304 x 10-2 929.0304 144 1 x 10 0.155 6.4516 x 10-4 6.9444 x 10-3 6.4516 2.066 x 10-4 0 8361.273 3.228 x 10-7 4046.849 43560 4840
-4 -3

FORCE
To Convert from Pounds To dynes grams kilograms tons (long) tons (short) kips tons (metric) Kips pounds tons (short) kilograms tons (metric) Kilograms dynes grams pounds tons (long) tons (short) kips tons (metric) Tons (short) kilograms pounds kips Multiply by 4.44822 x 105 453.59243 0.45359243 4.464286 x 10-4 5 x 10-4 1 x 10-3 4.5359243 x 10-4 1000 0.500 453.59243 0.45359243 980665 1000 2.2046223 9.8420653 x 10-4 11.023113 x 10-4 2.2046223 x 10-3 0.001 907.18474 2000 2 0.907185 1 x 106 1000 2204.6223 2.2046223 1.1023112 4.45 9.81

1.076387 x 10

VOLUME
Tons (metric) To Convert from Cubic centimeters To cubic meters cubic feet cubic inches Cubic meters cubic feet cubic centimeters cubic inches Cubic inches cubic meters cubic feet cubic centimeters Cubic feet cubic meters cubic centimeters cubic inches U.S. gallons (gal) cubic centimeters cubic meters cubic feet cubic inches cubic yards British Imperial gallons liters 3.785 Multiply by 1 x 10
-6

tons (metric) grams kilograms pounds kips tons (short) Pound force (lbf) Kilogram force (kgf) newtons newtons

3.5314667 x 10-5 0.061023744 35.314667 1x 10

6

61023.74 1.6387064 x 10-5 5.7870370 x 10-4 16.387064 0.028316847 28316.847 1728 3785 3.785 x 10-3 0.133680 231 4951 x 10-3 0.833

VELOCITY
To Convert from Centimeters/sec To microns/second meters/minute feet/minute miles/hour feet/year Microns/second centimeters/second meters/minute feet/minute miles/hour feet/year Multiply by 10,000 0.600 1.9685 0.022369 1034643.6 0.0001 0.000060 0.00019685 0.0000022369 103.46436

. Conversion Factors
To Convert from Feet/minute To centimeters/second microns/second meters/minute miles/hour feet/year Feet/year microns/second centimeters/second meters/minute feet/minute miles/hour Miles/hour centimeters/second meters/minute feet/hour feet/minute feet/second miles/second Multiply by 0.508001 5080.01 0.3048 9,91136363 5256000 0.009665164 0.0000009665164 5.79882 x 10
-7

817
To Convert from To minutes hours months years Months milliseconds seconds minutes hours days years Years milliseconds seconds minutes hours (mean solar) days (mean solar)
-4

Multiply by 1440 24 3.28767 x 10-2 0.0027397260 2.6283 x 109 2.6283 x 106 43800 730 30.416666 0.08333333 3.1536 x 1010 3.1536 x 10 7 525600 8760 365 12

1.9025 x 10-6 2.16203 x 10-8 44.7041 26.82 52.80 88 1.467 2.778 x 10

months

TIME
To Convert from Milliseconds To seconds minutes hours days months years Seconds milliseconds minutes hours days months years Minutes milliseconds seconds hours days months years Hours milliseconds seconds minutes days months years Days milliseconds seconds Multiply by 10
-3

STRESS
To Convert from Pounds/square inch feet of water kips/square foot kilograms/square centimeter tons/square meter
-2

To pound/square foot

Multiply by 144 2.3066 0.144 0.070307 0.70307 0.068046 6.9 0.0069445 0.016018 1 x 10-3 0.000488243 0.004882 4.72541 x 10-4 47.9 0.43352 62.427 0.0304791 0.304791 0.029499 0.88265

1.66666 x 10-5 2.777777 x 10-7 1.1574074 x 10 3.8057 x 10-10 3.171416 x 10-11 1000 1.66666 x 10 2.777777 x 10-4 1.1574074 x 10-5 3.8057 x 10-7 3.171416 x 10-8 60000 60 0.0166666 6.944444 x 10-4 2.283104 x 10-5 1/902586 x 10-6 3600000 3600 60 0.0416666 1.369860 x 10-3 1.14155 x 10-4 86400000 86400
-8

atmospheres kilopascals Pounds/square foot feet of water kips/square foot kilograms/square centimeter tons/square meter atmospheres pascals Feet of water (at 39.2 F) pounds/square foot kilograms/square centimeter tons/square meter atmospheres inches of Hg pounds/square inch pounds/square inch

818
To Convert from To pounds/square inch pounds/square foot Kips/square foot tons(short)/square foot kilograms/square centimeter tons(metric)/square meter Kilograms/square centimeter pounds/square foot feet of water (39.2 F) kips/square foot tons/square meter atmospheres Tons (short)/ square foot kilograms/square centimeter tons(metric)/square meter pounds/square inch pounds/square foot kips/square foot Tons (metric)/ square meter kilograms/square centimeter pounds/square foot kips/square foot tons (short)/square foot Atmospheres bars centimeters of mercury at 0 C millimeters of mercury at 0 C feet of water at 39.2 F kilograms/square centimeter grams/square centimeter kilograms/square meter tons (metric) /square meter pounds/square foot 2116.22 10.3323 10332.3 1033.23 1.03323 1.0133 76 760 33.899 204.81614 0.20481614 0.102408 Pounds/cubic foot 13.8888 2000 2.0 0.10 Pounds/cubic inch 9.76487 9764.86 atmospheres 2.0481614 10 0.96784 0.945082 kilograms/cubic meter 2048.1614 32.8093 pounds/square inch 14.223 To Convert from Grams/cubic centimeter To tons(metric)/cubic meter kilograms/cubic meter pounds/cubic inch pounds/cubic foot grams/cubic centimeter tons(metric)/cubic meter pounds/cubic inch pounds/cubic foot grams/cubic centimeter tons (metric)/cubic meter kilograms /cubic meter pounds/cubic foot grams/cubic centimeter tons(metric)/cubic meter kilograms/cubic meter pounds/cubic inch Tons(metric)/ cubic meter grams/cubic centimeter kilograms/cubic meter pounds/cubic inch pounds/cubic foot 1728 0.001 4.88244 0.488244 Multiply by 6.94445 1000 0.5000 Newtons/square meter To Convert from To pounds/square inch tons(short)/square foot pascals 1.00

Appendix
Multiply by 14.696 1.0581

UNIT WEIGHT
Multiply by 1.00 1000.00 0.036127292 62.427961 0.001

3.6127292 x 10-5 0.062427961 27.679905 27.679905 27679.905

0.016018463 0.016018463 16.018463 5.78703704 x 10-4 1.00 1000.00 0.03612772 62.427961

. Conversion Factors

819

COEFFICIENT OF CONSOLIDATION, CV
To Convert from Square centimeters/ second square meters/year square inches/ second square inches/year square feet/ year Square inches/ second square feet/year square centimeters/ second square centimeters/ year square meters/year 2.0346 x 104 2.0346 x 108 2.1900 x 105 6.4516 square inches/year 4.8881 x 106 3.39447 x 104 3.15368 x 107 3.1536 x 103 0.155 To square centimeters/ year Multiply by 3.1536 x 107

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, k

To Convert from Btu/hr-ft -(F/ft) W/cm -(C/cm) W/cm2-(C/cm)
2 2

To cal/sec-cm -(C/cm) Btu/hr-ft -(F/ft) cal/sec-cm2-(C/cm)

2 2

Multiply by 4.134 x 10-3 57.780 0.239

TEMPERATURE
T (C ) = 5 [T ( F ) 32] 9 9 T ( F ) = T (C ) + 32 5 T (K ) = T (C ) + 273.18

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Appendix