Works Cited Interviews: Secondary: Herlihy, Patricia. "National History Day Interview: 1917 Russian Revolution." E-mail interview.

22 Feb. 2012. In order to emphasize Lenin's monumental revolution, we decided to search for experts who would be willing to assist us in the area of reforms and reactions. One of these websites led us to discover Patricia Herlihy, a professor from Brown University. Her expertise gave us an insight on the foundation Lenin's communist revolution had set for a future governmental model. Professor Herlihy's responses emphasized the revolutionary influence and significance of the October Revolution. Her assistance broadened our knowledge in the area of Lenin's world revolution. Pipes, Richard. E-mail interview. When we first began researching our project we came across a plethora of books that were written by a Russian Historian named Richard Pipes. As we continued our research we learned that him and his work is well known by many other authors and historians. His books were referred to in countless articles and other books. This is how we became familiar with Richard Pipes. After reading a number of his books and doing research on his work we decided to interview Richard Pipes. After contacting him and conducting an interview via email, we felt we had acquired vital information to our topic. Mr. Pipes gave us astounding information that helped our understanding. He discussed how important Lenin's role is to Russian history. His interview played a pinnacle part to our topic and our understanding of the October Revolution. Wade, Rex A. "1917 October Revolution: Interview." Message to the author. 5 Dec.

2011. E-mail. Because of the several factors which contributed to the rise of the Russian Revolution, there was much confusion in how Lenin eventually took over Kerensky's Provisional Government. In several books we had referred to, no distinct line was made in the question of whether or not Lenin was a socialist or communist. Marx and Engels influenced his inspirations for the 1917 October Revolution and its resulting reforms; however, their ideas dealt with a different type of communism than the one Lenin was establishing. To clarify this part of our project, we emailed university professor and historian Mr. Rex A. Wade. In our interview conducted through email, he not only cleared up some misunderstandings but also gave us an important insight of the revolution and the following reactions and reforms. We were able to obtain an accurate interpretation of the October Revolution through the perspective of an expert. "Interview with Charles Ziegler." E-mail interview. 9 Dec. 2011.Utilizing Ziegler's book as part of our research, and finding it very helpful, we decided to interview him. Ziegler is anted Russian historian, and we felt his opinion would be fascinating. We composed a list of eleven analytical questions seeking information on the importance of the time period during and the significant influence of the October Revolution, reactions to it and the reforms it made in society. The responses given by him were informative yet understandable. They gave complexity to the knowledge already gained through the study of other material.

Websites: Primary:

Grant, Ted. "Part One: The Balance Sheet of October." Russia: From Revolution to Counter Revolution. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. <http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~socappeal/russia/part1.html>. As we progressed with our project on the 1917 October Revolution, we noticed we needed a greater amount of resources to understand the full perspective of the October Revolution and its reactions and reforms. We understood that "Red October" was the final event in the Russian Revolution, which ultimately weakened Kerensky's power. As a result of the collapse of his government, much revolutionary changes took place in Russia. Though, with our sources, we covered most of the technicalities of the Russian Revolution, not many websites and books fully provided us with information we could use in our analysis. In Grant's article of the outcomes and lasting reforms of Lenin's contribution to revolutionizing Russia, he clearly illustrates why these revolutionary reforms are significant the history of several countries. Halsall, Paul. "Internet History Sourcebooks." FORDHAM.EDU. Fordham University, Aug. 1997. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1917lenin1.asp>. Revolutions that have taken place in several countries tend to be violent and cause much destruction in society. The rare aspect of the October Revolution, however, does not demonstrate the same pattern. Although there was some chaos caused by Lenin's coup d' etat in some parts of Russia, the reaction of the people was not too severe. For this reason, the entries of websites and books on the topic of the October Revolution mainly focus on Lenin's actions. There is not much said about the

atmosphere surrounding the events of the revolution. Apart from our interview with Mr. Rex A Wade, Halsall's entry his analysis of Lenin's documents sets the stage of the period. His insertion of these primary documents of Lenin in his article also gives us the information we sought to understand the reactions of those who opposed and supported the revolution.

Hulton/Getty. "The Bolshevik October Revolution - Photo Essays - TIME." Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com. TIME. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1681193_1481200,00.html>. In order to grab the attention of our audience, we agreed to research a website, which obtained great images of the October Revolution. Upon doing so, we came across Time Photo's gallery of pictures during the time of the revolution. Each image strongly depicted the situation and atmosphere of 1917. Because the people of the photos demonstrated either their strong reaction against communism or the need for reforms in their government, we decided to share the pictures on the home page of our website. Additionally, the website gave us information attached to each photo to clearly understand what was occurring in the image. Romagnolo, Daniel. "Lenin Library." V.I Lenin Internet Library. From Marx to Mao, 1 May 1997. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.marx2mao.com/Lenin/Index.html>. Due to Lenin's involvement in the 1917 October Revolution, we chose to

emphasize on the significance of Lenin's reforms and ideas. In order to understand his perspective and motives throughout this period of time, we focused our research primarily on finding any works published by Lenin himself. We eventually came across this collection of works organized by Romagnolo. For the readers to understand the foundations of Lenin's ideas, his collection starts with documents written by Marx and Engels and gradually progresses to Lenin's opinion on the reforms he established for Russian in response to the coup d' etat. Although Lenin has an obvious bias in his words as he explains his process of thought, much was understood by simply reading his words leading up to the ultimate turning point in Russian history. Walters, D. "Lenin Internet Archive." Marxists Internet Archive. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. <http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/index.htm>. With books focused on the biographies and events of the revolution, we were limited in what type of information we were obtaining. Although there were a variety of pictures illustrating the atmosphere of the revolts and collapse of the government, this collection of audio visual recordings provided us with the tools needed to connect our website features to the past. Additionally, we were able to visually understand the reactions and attraction to Lenin's words through the gallery of pictures and videos from Lenin's original speeches. In the planning of our website's design, we agreed to try to create an atmosphere similar to that of the 1917 October Revolution. With the information, audio, videos, and images of Lenin's speeches, the insertion of these items within our website would be able to have the historical attraction we intend to have of a significant event.

Websites: Secondary: A & E Biographies. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. Throughout our research we have conducted, our main focus was to acquire appropriate quotes to emphasize Lenin's importance. We found this useful website to not only provide information which related to our topic but also a thorough explanation of Lenin's life. Unlike most websites, A&E gave us the necessary element of analysis to end our project with a significant conclusion. A&E Biographies had the bias of glorifying Lenin's reputation. Otherwise, it guided us to clearly state our position on this topic. BBC. "BBC - Higher Bitesize History - The Causes of the October Revolution." BBC Homepage. British Broadcasting Corporation, 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/higher/history/russia/october_re v1.shtml>. While some websites offer information on the central role of the Russian Revolution in history, this website breaks down the causes of the movement into a series of sequential events. To assist readers understand the revolution, the author categorizes the elements that went down into the formation of the Bolsheviks' party. Through the website's structure, one is able to clearly comprehend how the government began to gradually dissolve. Additionally, it thoroughly describes how Lenin was able to seize and control the government. By understanding the causes of the October Revolution, this website guided us to see the entire perspective of the event. Craig, Joe. "The 1917 Russian Revolution." Socialist Democracy Homepage. Joe Craig,

Apr. 2005. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.socialistdemocracy.org/History/HistoryThe1917RussianRevolution. html>. In this secondary source, the publisher writes his entry on the progression of the revolution through a series of factual information. This website states how the theory of Marxism influenced Lenin's views about the Russian government. Eventually, these communist ideas led to the coup d' etat of the Provisional Government in 1917. To add strength to his article, the author brings in experts in the field of Russian history. However, at the end, he shows explicit support and sympathy for the working class. "Documents on the Russian Revolution." Marxists Internet Archive. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/revolution/index.htm>. This website not only discusses the events of the October Revolution, but in addition, it discusses the important figures involved in the movement of communism. It categorizes the causes and effects of the Revolution through several links, each one dedicated to a key event in the revolution. Additionally, its timeline maps out the occurrences and the resulting reforms. It also provides significant primary sources to demonstrate the historian and participant sides of the event. Although most sources we have researched gave us the immediate reactions and consequences of the October Revolution, this website shows the importance of the coup d' etat and impact throughout its history. "Five Year Plan." Spartacus Educational. Web. 04 Jan. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSfive.htm>. On History Guide, we found several lectures on various topics in history. We found a particularly

helpful lecture on the totalitarian governments of Hitler and Stalin. It described in-depth the reforms Stalin made in society during his reign. It gave us informative material for the creation of our project. Stalin's reform of society is astonishing, and it greatly changed our understanding of the time period. "Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions." Museum of Communism. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. <http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/museum/his1f.htm>. Leading up to the Bolsheviks' utmost rule in Russia, the most prominent reaction to the October Revolution of 1917 was the Russian Civil War. In the effort to prevent the spread of Communism, anti-Bolsheviks joined forces with several other anti-Communist countries to fight against Lenin's new government. A distinct line was formed between the "Reds" (Communists) and "Whites" (anti-Communists). By chronologically listing and explaining the events of the war, the article clearly illustrates the atmosphere of the newly conquered Russia. In addition to providing a list of those involved in the civil war, a map is published along wit the text to understand the how the plans of the army took place. Mosley, Philip E. "Russian Revolution of 1917, Series of Events in Imperial Russia That Culminated in 1917 with the Establishment of the Soviet State That Became Known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)." Emayzine 2001. Philip E. Mosley, 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/russianrev.html>. Through Mosley's article, we were able to clearly see how the revolution gained its support. Additionally, he gives us a descriptive explanation to the underlying motivations of the leaders whom significantly played a role. To help the reader understand the topic, he

refers them to different sources for further comprehension. Mosley also demonstrates the importance of the events as he shows its impact to future events in history. Rather than giving us a broad view of the occurrences, Mosley mostly states the facts through Lenin's perspective. "October Revolution & Effects." The Russian Revolution. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. <http://akussr.com/oct-revolution.html>. Because it took Lenin quite a while to achieve his revolutionary goals within the government, there were several factors which contributed to the establishment of Lenin's dictatorship. In order to grasp the concept and journey Lenin had to take for his coup d' etat to revolutionize the government, we sought to find a source which laid out the information in a clear organization. By stating the immediate and long-term causes of the 1917 October Revolution, we were able to see how the prior revolutions led up to the collapse of the Provisional Government Kerensky overlooked. As each revolt gradually broke the government down, this website portrayed the aftermath of the revolution with comprehendible facts. In addition, its web of the prominent figures in history connected their ideas and how each one influenced the outcome of Russian history. Seventeen Moments. Web. 06 Jan. 2012. <http://www.soviethistory.org/>. Seventeen Moments in Soviet History was extremely helpful as we conducted our research. Organized and informative, the website provided visual and textual aid for our project. Using it, we better visualized the profound effects of the October Revolution, reactions to it, and the reforms made by Lenin and Stalin. It had several forms of information for utilization. We were happy to have discovered

this site. Spartacus Educational. Web. 05 Jan. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/>. Spartacus Educational was an informative website that we found very useful. With its concise articles on various aspects of our topic, we were able to get a good overview of information. It was most useful to us in helping us to better understand the significant reforms of Lenin and Stalin. Particularly interesting was its archive of debates on various subject relating to our topic. We enjoyed exploring this website. Think.com, Oracle Education Foundation, Projects | Competition | Library." ThinkQuest. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. <http://www.thinkquest.org/en/>. Think Quest provided us with a helpful overview of Stalin's reign. It was very detailed and we learned a lot about every aspect of his society. The radical ideas of Stalin significantly reformed society and had lasting effects on the world. This topic is relevant to modern times and it was interesting to get a more in-depth understanding of it. This website provided us with a lot of material for our project.

Books/Encyclopedia: Primary: Campling, Elizabeth. How and Why: the Russian Revolution. London:

Dryad, 1986. Print. This book was a very useful resource as we developed our project. It is written in a very organized style like a timeline with interjections of background information which made it easy for us to find information quickly. Most of the book employs primary documents to tell the story, providing us with perspective on the thoughts and reactions of the people initiating the revolution and those living through it. It also provided the political and economic statistics of Russia at the time, giving us an idea of how the Revolution truly affected the country. This easy-to-read, highly informative book was a great find for us. Chamberlain, Lesley. Lenin's Private War: the Voyage of the Philosophy Steamer and the Exile Intelligentsia. New York (N. Y.): St. Martin's, 2006. Print. This book clearly demonstrates the oppressiveness of Lenin's rule. It tells the story of dozens of thinkers exiled from the Soviet Union by Lenin. It gave us a better understanding of how Lenin reformed his society with his ideas. The intellectuals had upheld Russian culture through their work, and Lenin had exiled them, viewing their ideas as a threat. The book gives an interesting bias by utilizing first-hand accounts of what it meant to be driven from home. Coleman, Fred. The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Empire: Forty Years That Shook the World, from Stalin to Yeltsin. New York: St. Martin's, 1996. Print. This book gave fascinating and in-depth information on the fall of the Soviet Empire. Though the book does not focus specifically on our topic, it helped us to understand the results of what we explore in our topic. It gave us a view of the lasting reforms our topic made in the world. The book shows a bias, as the author gathered information through interviews with major figures in

Soviet history and by reading Soviet archives. The book provides crucial information on the weakness of the Soviet Empire and the influence it had on the world. It gave us a new perspective on our topic. Dunn, John M. World History Series The Russian Revolution. Lucient, 1994. Print.This easy-to-understand but detailed book was very helpful to us as we developed our project. The book focused in specifically on information that complied with our topic: Lenin and the October Revolution. It provided solid background information, in-depth exploration of Lenin's role, immediate reactions, and analysis of the long-term effects of our topic. The book organized events usefully, as well as provided a timeline of important dates and several interjections of primary documents throughout the text. The primary documents provided interesting points of view and enriched the book historically. Edwards, Judith. Lenin and the Russian Revolution in World History. Enslow,inc, 2001. Print. One of the many helpful things about this primary source is the documents it provides. They are from various people, such as bystanders and leaders of the revolution. Among hand written accounts, it provides various maps and photographs. It is a simple read that is straight to the point. It provides information on how Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to cease power so quickly. Garza, Hedda. Leon Trotsky. New York: Chelsea House, 1986. Print. In order to fully conduct a well-rounded reflection of the Russian Revolution, we needed to extend our knowledge to other prominent figures of the movement. This primary source illustrates the life of Trotsky and his involvement in the government reforms.

While other sources stress the importance of the main events which occurred in the October Revolution, Garza gives the readers a side view of the events. However, the author's point of view is one that praises Trotsky and his attempts at contributing much to the revolution. Although most authors describe biographies in a different light, Garza glorifies Trotsky's role and actions in the revolution. Haney, John. Vladimir Ilich Lenin. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. In this book, Haney clearly illustrates the events of Lenin's life through copious images of the time. In addition, he explains how Lenin rose to power through his reforms. His quotes from Lenin add support to solidify the significance and impact of the revolution. Though he tells the story of Russia through various facts, he has a very apparent point of view. Based upon Lenin's actions in the communist movement, he admires what Lenin sought to create in Russia. Kort, Michael. Russia. New York: Facts On File, 1995. Print.This book was very detailed in portraying a picture of recent life in Russia. With several descriptive photographs and the utilization of interviews and documents from both common people and important figures, this book gave us a clear understanding of how life and society in Russia truly has been affected by the events we explore in our project. The story begins with tsarist Russia and the Socialists' eventual revolution to overthrow it. It traces throughout time the actions taken to uphold Communist rule and the more recent struggle to reverse the problems caused by it. The book was easy to understand, clearly emphasizing crucial information. Mackenzie, Ross, and Todd Culbertson. Eyewitness Writings from the Ordeal of

Communism. New York, NY: Freedom House, 1992. Print. This book had a great influence on us as we worked on our project. It provided us with the thoughts and reflections of people living in the part of the world during the period of time we are discussing. The people fought against the oppressive system of the time to voice their opinions. The bias in their opinions is due to the fact that they suffered the raw effects of a system imposed upon them. By reading this book, we obtained a thorough understanding of various reactions to our topic. McKay, John P. "Vladimir I. Lenin On Russian Autocracy 1903." Sources of Western Society. Boston: Bedford/St Martin's, 2010. Print. This book was helpful not only as a secondary source to gather information, but also as a primary source. This particular chapter in the book gave insight to Lenin and his ideas. This primary source added a better understanding to our project and to Lenin's ideas. Though we mainly used the passage of Lenin making a speech, we also used the book for references and information. It was helpful to our project because it consists of many primary sources which elevate the understanding of our project. McNeal, Robert H. Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev: Voices of Bolshevism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963. Print. This book gave us in-depth understanding of Bolshevik principles and the men behind them by providing a collection of writing from prominent Bolshevik figures. It gave us insight into the true thoughts and goals of the people who characterized the Bolshevik party. By displaying writing from throughout the lives of the men, the book showcased how changes in society influenced their thoughts, tracing the evolution of Bolshevism. Personal descriptions of their ideas are biased, of

course, but knowing how these extremely important figures planned to reform and their reactions to changes in society gave us a new perspective on our topic. This book was very helpful. Reed, John. Ten Days That Shook the World. Penguin. Print. This primary source is a helpful book because of the amount of eyewitness accounts it gives. It is written through the eyes of a journalist, which makes it seem more lifelike. It was easier to understand how people reacted to the revolution itself, and the reforms that came out of it. the author captures the voices of bystanders and how they dealt with the revolution. One of the most interesting things about this book is the emotion it captures of a whole nation in chaos. Rossif, Frederic, and Madeleine Chapsal. Portrait of a Revolution; Russia, 1896-1924. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Print. What is interesting about this book is that it consists of pictures which have captions. It is an interesting source to have because it shows the October Revolution visually. This allowed us to become closer to this topic and understand it better. Some of the most interesting pictures in the book were propaganda pictures. These pictures show us what Russia was undergoing at the time of the revolution. They show us how it was chaotic and how people's opinions were split.

Service, Robert. Lenin: a Biography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2000. Print. Robert Service provides Lenin's background and how he became one of the most influential politicians. This book gave us insight to the time of politician and

revolutionary that Lenin was. It shows how he rose to be the leader of the Bolsheviks and how he gained popularity. Though it focuses on his family and background, it also focuses on how Lenin reformed Russia. We were able to better comprehend Lenin's motive and what brought him to become a revolutionary. It outlines Lenin's life and explains how he became and did the things he did. Service, Robert. Trotsky: a Biography. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2009. Print. This particular book focuses on Trotskys role in the revolution and how his followers viewed him. It was an extremely helpful source because it provided background to Trotsky and how he gained political power within the Bolsheviks. Robert service offers new insight to Trotsky and his political roles in his time. This book is not only a first-rate secondary source; it is also an immaculate primary source. It consists of family letters, confidential speeches, medical records, and party and military correspondence. This book is a source that gave us the ability to have a project that provides interesting information about the revolutionary leaders of Russia. Trotsky, Leon. The History of the Russian Revolution. Translated From the Russian by Max Eastman. London, Gollancz: University of Michigan, 1965. Print. This primary source emphasizes on the glorification of the Russian history. It assisted our research by giving us a personal insight on the occurrences of this period of time. Additionally, this book guided us step by step of how the revolution developed. However, this source is somewhat bias for it limits our perspective on Russian history through Trotsky's eyes. Because Trotsky was an active

revolutionist in Lenin's party, he had a one-sided view of the revolution in contrast to those who opposed him. Tucker, Robert C. The Lenin Anthology. New York: W.W. Norton, 1975. Print. We used this book greatly in the development of our project. A collection of writings from Lenin himself, we were able to better understand his ideas and goals in overthrowing the Provisional Government and establishing a Communist dictatorship. Using this book, we were able to emphasize Lenin's point of view in our project. Reading the writings of a determined revolutionary further enriched the details of the actual revolution provided by other historians. The book was extremely convenient, as all the most important writing of Lenin was available in one place along with informative introductions. Wade, Rex A. The Bolshevik Revolution and Russian Civil War. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 2001. Print. Through this primary source we were able to see how the revolution gained momentum and how the people of Russia reacted to it. It explains why people supported the sides that they were on and their possible motives behind their support. This book outlines how the October Revolution impacted Russia, and how it ultimately led to the Russian civil war. this book not only has excellent information on the October Revolution, but it also carries biographies and primary documents. This book shows how the October Revolution changed the course in the Russian Revolution and the history of Russia. Books/Encyclopedias: Secondary:

Andrews, William George. The Land and People of the Soviet Union. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Print.This book provided us with a detailed history of the Soviet Empire, leading up to the early 1990s. It gave fascinating descriptions of life in the Empire, how its changed over time, and how people have adapted to it. Written at a time when the Soviet Union began a new policy of openness, we were given a fresh, modern perspective on how the events of the time period we explore in our project has had a lasting effect on Russia. The book also provided specific details on our topic, as well as background and immediate reactions. With this book, we were given a better understanding of how our topic initially reformed society and politics in Russia and the changes that continue to occur, as well as a better view of the Soviet peoples' struggle to keep up. Anweiler, Oskar, and Richard Pipes. Revolutionary Russia: a Symposium,. New York: Doubleday &inc., 1969. Print. In order to narrow down the Russian Revolution, we chose to focus our project on Lenin's impact and influence before and after the 1917 October Revolution. Although several sources try to explain the events of the revolution through facts and pictures, the documents written and edited by twenty-nine historians, prominently Russian expert Richard Pipes, discuss the intentions and consequences of the Russian Revolution. The essays are divided among them in accordance to their expertise. Though there were obvious biases in their articles and commentary, their clear explanation of the development of the revolution and its reforms guided us to seek further answers in a particular area of interest. Seeing Richard Pipe's dominance in the subject of our topic, we then sought to obtain several of his books and a possible interview. In addition to their

individual essays, they each contribute their opinions of their partner's work in the discussion section in order to further analyze the events. Cash, Anthony. The Russian Revolution. London, England: Jackdaw Publications, 1967. Print. By immediately capturing our attention in the first pages of his work, Anthony Cash's emphasis on the significance of the 1917 October Revolution is a constant theme throughout his historical version of these events. Because one of the prominent consequences of the revolution was the reaction of the people towards their government, we were able to capture the sense of their relationship's dynamics. His insertion of government pamphlets and reports illustrates an atmosphere very similar to how society reacted during the time of such events. Although Cash's book prominently focuses on effects Lenin's reforms had Russia's citizens, there is a clear bias seen as he writes of Russia's history through one side of the story. On the other hand, while several authors fail to tell readers of the 1917 October Revolution events both in Moscow and Petrograd, Cash sketches the revolution and coup d' etat in great detail. Consequently, the information he provided helped us expand on the specific occurrences that took place on the day of Lenin's comeback. Dudley, William, ed. Russia Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2001. Print. Opposing Viewpoints. Because Lenin was the first to set up a Communist dictatorship,we wanted to demonstrate how he managed to also spread this revolutionary form of government to other countries, such as China and Cuba. Although the authors mostly write about the Soviet Union's relationship with the United States during the time of the Cold War, it also touched upon the opposing

perspectives and reactions of both countries on the viewpoint of Communism. In each section, Dudley published a collection of works, which argue for both sides of the debate. He continues to make the point of how the state of Russias government and its reforms has influenced other people. The arguments, as a result, show a balanced viewpoint of where the United States and Russia stand, and how it might affect future negotiations. Fetzer, Scott. "Lenin." The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 12: L. [S.l.]: [s..n.], 1996. 169-71. Print. Unlike several other sources which center on the importance and events of the Russian Revolution, it is rare to find a source which has little or no bias. In order to create a foundation for our project, the World Book Encyclopedia article on Lenin was a great guide that helped us understand the complexity of Lenin's involvement in the revolution. From listing important dates in Lenin's life to explaining to the reader Lenin's revolutionary actions in such clarity, we were able to illustrate the complete journey Lenin needed to take in order to achieve his socialist goals. In the case in which our group was not able to find the reasoning of why a person of the noble class would want to help the peasants, the article on Lenin's biography cleared up this misunderstanding. Although the pictures published with the article were not of much help, its facts and references established a basis needed to structure the website's topics and categories of information. Fetzer, Scott. "Russia." The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 16: Q - R. [S.l.]: [s..n.], 1996. 521-25. Print. This encyclopedia article outlines the events and reactions of the October Revolution through straight-forward facts. By clearly depicting the

domino effect the October Revolution had on Russia, this source gives us a solid foundation of bipartisan information from which to develop our project upon. The images and its captions provide additional insights to the time period. Additionally, it assists us through easily explaining the process of the revolution all while guiding us to further understand our topic. Towards the end of the article, the contributors provide additional legitimate resources to expand our knowledge of the October Revolution.

Figes, Orlando. Peasant Russia, Civil War: the Volga Countryside in Revolution (1917 1921). London: Phoenix, 2001. Print. This book focused on the immediate reaction to Lenin's seizure of power: the civil war. Primarily, the book provided information on the role of the peasants in the civil war and how it affected their lives. Utilizing detailed maps, shocking photographs, and informative tables and documents, the author clearly traced a path of destruction brought on by the war. It helped us to more clearly see how the Bolsheviks were able to maintain a grip on the Russian government even when a revolution against them was occurring. Weak and ill-prepared, the Volga countryside peasants had no hope. This book provided us with an in-depth understanding of one side of the great civil war, a direct result of the events discussed in our project. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary times : Soviet Russia in the 1930s. New York [etc.: Oxford Univ., 1999. Print.This book provided us with crucial information that gave us a better understanding of the reforms our topic made in Russian society. The book primarily focused on the

immediate consequences of the October Revolution and Lenin's dictatorship, i.e. Stalin's ruthless dictatorship. Rather than providing information focusing specifically on the government, the reforms made, and the motives behind the reforms, the book clearly showed the effects of these things in the life of the ordinary people. We found this to be an interesting twist that provided all the more power to our project. Almost every aspect of the peoples' lives was changed and made tremendously difficult, and they had to live in constant fear of elimination by secret police forces. The book made us wonder how much different our lives would be if we lived under such conditions. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. The Russian Revolution. Oxford [Oxfordshire: Oxford UP, 1982. Print. This secondary source was particularly helpful because of the topics that the book discussed. The focus of the book is not just the Russian revolution itself, but how it helped shape a world of communism. The author discusses ho Russia deals with this part of their history. Though it talks about the impact of the revolution, it thoroughly covers our topic. This book allows us to understand our topic and its importance to Russia and the rest of the world. Geller, Mikhail, and A. M. Nekrich. Utopia in Power: the History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present. New York: Summit, 1986. Print. The authors of this book focus on how the events of the October Revolution affected Russian society and history. It shows the impact the reforms had on Russia. This book is well documented and explains how the October Revolution changed history. The authors of this book were born and raised in the USSR and have had the opportunity to study the Soviet Union from the inside out. It has information

about the October Revolution and the Soviet Union and how they are linked together. It is shown just how the October Revolution set the foundation for Stalin and the Soviet Union. Getty, J. Arch, Oleg V. Naumov, and Benjamin Sher. The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-39. New Haven: Yale UP, 1999. Print. This book was one of the most helpful books for the reform part of our project. Though this book is about Stalin and the Soviet Union, it showed us how influential Lenin was to Stalin. It consist of primary military documents from the time of the Soviet Union. This helps our project show the links between, Lenin, Stalin, and communism. The events in this book are part of the reforms that Lenin began. They show how far Lenin's ideas went on to influence Russia and Stalin. Harvey, Robert. A Short History of Communism. Great Britain: John Murray, 2004. Print. This book provided us with a great overall view of a crucial piece of our topic: Communism. The author provides solid information as to how Communism rose and spread. He also analyzes the effects it has had on the world-back then and now. More specific to our project, the book gave us an easy-to-understand explanation of Lenin and the Bolsheviks' role in the whole story. Providing a view of Communism over a great span of time helped us to more clearly see the reactions to and reforms of the Communist system. The author's bias is in the fact that he provides an opinion influenced by modern trouble with Communism. Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia: People and Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1997. Print. This was a tremendous help to our project because it gave us the background of Russian history that we needed. It gave us the information that we

needed to know about Russia before the October Revolution. Through this book we were able to understand how Russia came into the hands of the Bolsheviks and how they gained popularity. One of the many helpful things about this book was the information it allowed us to process. We were able to understand how important the events before the October Revolution were. We saw how all the events built up until they exploded into the October Revolution and Lenin gaining power over Russia.

Kennan, George F. Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin. Boston: Little, Brown, 1960. Print. From the start of our project, we knew that we wanted to illustrate how Lenin's foundation of Communism influenced several other countries to take part in this revolution. However, in order to show how this occurred in a balanced perspective, we needed to understand the reactions of countries who opposed these reforms. George Kennan, the former U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, shows firsthand the relationship the U.S.S.R. had with the West. Although the information is written through the perspective of the United States, we came to comprehend the strong reactions Communism had caused, which eventually resulted with the Civil War between the Reds and Whites. By following each important historical event -from the Russian Revolution to World War II, Kennan analyzes how Russia and the West interacted. Most importantly, he states the ideas of both sides prior to explaining the conflicts Russia's new form of Government triggered. Kirchner, Walther. A History of Russia. 5th ed. Barnes & Noble, 1972. Print.Kirchner's

book provided a fantastic overview of Russian history, beginning with prehistoric civilization and ending with the Cold War. For the purposes of our project, we mainly focused on intermittent periods of time from the Time of Troubles to the Cold War. Focusing on events that occurred before the Russian Revolution, we were provided with detailed background and were able to see the slow buildup of the revolution over time. Focusing on periods after the Russian Revolution, we better sensed the true impact it had on the world. The text was enriched through the usage of maps, tables, and charts that provided comprehensible visual counterparts. McKay, John P., Bennett D. Hill, and John Buckler. "The Age of Nationalism, 18501914 ; The Great Break: War and Revolution ; Dictatorships and the Second World War." A History of Western Society. 6th ed. Boston New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print.This source was very easy-to-understand, owing to the fact that it was a textbook written for student use. The detailed facts were presented in an engaging way that provided us with a base for our research. The chapters we utilized gave us an overview of the events leading up to the October Revolution, the events of the revolution, and the immediate and long-term consequences of the revolution. Especially interesting was the information provided about the events occurring simultaneously in other countries. It helped us to see how the events discussed in our topic relate not just to Russia but to the world. Overy, Richard. The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia. London: Allen Lane, 2004. Print. These books offered an interesting comparison of Stalin and Hitler. Though it does not specifically focus on our topic, Lenin and the October

Revolution, it addresses what occurred as a result of the events in our topic. Because of Lenin's revolution, Stalin came to power, leaving a deep imprint in history, comparable to Hitler. This book demonstrates Stalin's importance, giving a biographical account of his personal life and describing his ascent to total power and how he brutally imposed it upon his subjects and all aspects of society. It also provided a context in which Stalin rose to power; it described conditions in Russia before, during, and after his rule. The book also gave us a new perspective. Reading it, we saw how Stalin's hostile dictatorship actually relied on public support. This shed new light on our topic and its effects. Neville, Peter. A Traveller's History of Russia and the USSR. New York: Interlink, 1997. Print. This book goes into great detail of Russian history. The Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union are some of the main topics. By discussing a broad history of Russia, we saw the beginnings of the rise of Communism and the Bolsheviks. We also learned of every detail along the way, until the eventual collapse or the Soviet Union. The book was a written right around the time of the collapse, which gave it an interesting point of view. Radzinsky, Edvard. New York: Anchor /Doubleday, 1996. Print. This book is about Stalin and his early life and how he rises to become a dictator of Russia. It is a biography of Stalin that consists of Russia's secret archives. This book was vital in our project because it explains Stalin's part in the October Revolution. It also explains the reforms of the October Revolution that eventually led to the rise of communism in Russia. One of the most helpful things about this book was the amount of information about Stalin and how he rose to power. Lenin set the

foundation for Stalin and communism to rise in Russia. Revolution and Nationalism , 1900-1939. McDougal Littell Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Ed. Roger B. Beck. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2003. 386-405. Print. Upon picking the topic of the Bolsheviks' October Revolution, the foundation of our research dated back to information we learned in the previous year. We decided to check out our ninth grade's history textbook on modern history to assist us as we began to form our project. It served us with great aid in terms of the comprehension of the topic and the complex reforms and reactions that later resulted with this revolution. In order to set the time period and setting of when the October Revolution occurred, the textbook had a timeline and others small sections throughout the chapter dedicated to show the significant figures involved. Some positive advantages of using this source as a guide was that it did not have an overwhelming bias as other resources did, and it additionally illustrated the revolution's events and important leaders - such as Lenin and Trotsky- with great clarity. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine. A History of Russia: Nicholas V. Riasanovsky. Fourth ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1963. Print. Nicholas V. Riasanovsky' s book assisted our project because it gave background to the October Revolution. Besides giving background, it also provided reactions to the October Revolution. This book explained Russia under Lenin and how Lenin influenced Stalin and Soviet Russia. There is a chapter in the book on Soviet Russia, which explains the reforms that came out of the October Revolution. It discusses how the reforms went on to affect Russia and influence Stalin and his ideas. This book provides political and

military history as well as social, economic, and cultural development in Russia. Service, Robert. A History of Twentieth-century Russia. London: Penguin, 1998. Print. This secondary source explains the history of Russia through the social, political, and economic themes. The author gives an insight to the motivations of the revolution, such as the civil war, dictatorship, terror, and industrialization. He connects the events to the themes and its importance in history. It also provides memoirs, documents, and archives of historical information dating back ten years prior to the publication of the book. In great detail, Service describes the October Revolution and Lenin's plans to overcome the government. Smith, S. A. The Russian Revolution: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print. This concise book was actually very informative. It gave detailed information on the social, political, and economic causes of the Russian Revolution. It also provided an in-depth description and analysis of the Revolution and more specifically, the goals and reforms of the Bolsheviks. The book shows a bias in the fact that the author developed his analysis using a perspective influenced by the 20th century fall of the Soviet Empire. However, this bias, showed best in the author's conclusion to his book, gave us a better understanding of the great impact our topic has had in the world. Streissguth, Thomas, and Alexander Meigs Haig. Soviet Leaders from Lenin to Gorbachev. Minneapolis: Oliver, 1992. Print. This book describes Lenin's rise to power as well as the effects of his rule. It analyzes his views and his role in shaping the Russian Revolution and Communist Russia. The book is concise and easy-to-understand, greatly helping us as we developed our project. The book not

only gave us the complete story of the rise and fall of the Soviet Union overall in analyzing the rules of many leaders until its fall. We were able to better understand Lenin's part in it all. In discussing the mistakes each ruler made, however, the book shows a bias. Ulam, Adam Bruno. The Bolsheviks; the Intellectual and Political History of the Triumph of Communism in Russia. New York: Macmillan, 1965. Print. This book places a clear focus on the plight of Lenin and the Bolsheviks. With this book, we gained in depth knowledge of Lenin's ideas, what shaped them, and how he used them to his advantage. The author provides acute details about and an interesting analysis of the Bolshevik time and its immediate effect upon Russia and its influence upon the world over a great span of time. He also includes biographical accounts of many prominent figures during the time. The book gave us a clear understanding of the revolution and society's reaction to it. The author's point of view was most likely influenced by contemporary views on Soviet Russia. Ulam, Adam Bruno. The Communists: the Story of Power and Lost Illusions, 1948-1991. New York: Scribner's, 1992. Print. This book focused mainly on the great impact our topic has had on the both Russia and the world. However, it also described the birth of Communism with the theories of Marx, the rise of it with the Russian Revolution, and its high points with dictators such as Lenin and Stalin. It then traced throughout time the events that led to the catastrophic failure of Communist rule in the Soviet Union. It also provided details about Communism in China. The book gave us a new perspective on the

significance of the reforms our topic and events relating to it made in society and politics. Vesilind, Priit J. "Two Berlins: A Generation Apart." National Geographic Jan. 1982: 351. Web. Though this source did not specifically address our topic, it gave us a better understanding of it. Though it discusses the effects of Communism in late20th century Germany-rather than early-20th century Russia- it provides a clear explanation of Communist views and principles. Understanding Communism gave us more in-depth knowledge of our topic. The source provides an interesting bias in that it utilized an interview with a Communist party member as well as multiple interviews with people living through the effects of Communism. This source gave us better knowledge of how the Communist system reformed society. Von Laue, Theodore H. Why Lenin? Why Stalin? A Reappraisal of the Russian Revolution, 1900-1930. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1964. Print.Desiring more background information to gain a deeper understanding of the events that led up to the October Revolution, we used this source to help us. The author tells the story of the Russian Revolution, reactions to it, and resulting reforms in full. He included a detailed background that clearly demonstrated the buildup of the revolution over centuries. The writing was detailed and engaging. It further proves what a monumental event the Russian Revolution was. Zeigler, Charles E. The History of Russia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1999. Print. This secondary source educates us on the background of the Russian Revolution, the revolution itself, and the outcome of the. This is extremely helpful because it maps out all the events that contributed to the revolution. The author shows how

the October Revolution is a crucial point that changed the social political system of Russia. The book also consists of numerous maps and charts that show the course of the revolution. It allowed us to decipher the intricate beginning of the series of changes that Russia underwent at the time.

Images: Primary: Background: http://www.pinewoodforge.com/RussianCarvers.html February Revolution: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zYCf9oIQOq0/TWfhOmztgjI/AAAAAAAABPU/0YYU7-EOIM/s1600/5-russian-revolution-1917-granger.jpg Provisional government: http://wapedia.mobi/thumb/25d7510/en/fixed/470/378/Alexander_Kerensky_LOC_hec_2 4467.jpg?format=jpg http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/museum/duma.jpg Kornilov: http://www.helsinki.fi/~jjeerola/viipkornilov.jpg Lenin: http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/photo/1918/053.htm http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/gcse/russia/images/Lenin_1917-2.jpg http://www.picturehistory.com/images/products/1/2/8/prod_12858.jpg

http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/menus/A_Level/Late_Modern/Russia_and _the_USSR/lenin_1917.jpg http://www.history.com/photos/cold-war-communist-leaders October Revolution: http://media.tiscali.co.uk/images/feeds/hutchinson/ency/0020n098.jpg http://madamepickwickartblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/anguish22.jpg Civil War: http://media.tiscali.co.uk/images/feeds/hutchinson/ency/0020n063.jpg http://www.emersonkent.com/images/trotsky_red_army.jpg http://www.warchat.org/pictures/russia_civil_war.jpg http://www.emersonkent.com/images/bolsheviks_moscow.jpg Collectivization: http://sites.google.com/site/dunnshistorynotes2/volga.JPG Political Reforms: http://rosswolfe.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/serov-lenin.jpg NEP: http://www.econ.uiuc.edu/~koenker/NEP.JPG Stalin: http://media.gallup.com/POLL/Releases/pr070105civ.jpg http://timeoutchicago.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/slideshow_full/342.ar.Process4.j pg http://www.johndclare.net/images/Russ9.4.jpg http://www.ww2incolor.com/d/515479-2/Stalin+1_2 Lenin (main pictures): http://libcom.org/files/images/library/Lenin-Art-740047[1].jpg http://endiscomingblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/lenin5.jpg http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/images-5/lenin.jpg Kerensky, Kornilov, Lenin: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Alexander_Kerensky_LOC _24416.jpg/220px-Alexander_Kerensky_LOC_24416.jpg http://www.univer.omsk.su/omsk/human/kornilov.jpg http://citydesk.freedomblogging.com/files/2011/04/Vladimir-Lenin.jpg Censored Society: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Soviet_censorship_with_Stalin.jpg http://media.photobucket.com/image/stalin %20propaganda/pagliacci/propaganda/stalin.gif?o=3&sortby=sevendaysview

http://29.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lw90v2927e1r62kjfo1_400.jpg http:/ /www.soviethistory.org/images/Large/1921/RUSU1401.jpg Images: Secondary: Map: http://www.emersonkent.com/images/russian_civil_war.jpg http://www.allcountries.org/maps/soviet_union_map_3.jpg