ASPIRATIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

By Pradeep S

ASPIRATIONS
A longing for and striving after something higher than oneself or ones present status may be ennobling or uplifting or it may be unwarranted or presumptuous. Behind all aspirations is the fundamental human need for achievement.

Kinds of Aspirations
Positive and negative aspirations

Immediate and remote aspirations

Realistic and Unrealistic aspirations Effects of realistic aspirations

 Causes of unrealistic aspirations Uncontrolled Imagination

The mass media

Traditional beliefs Ignorance due to inexperience

Factors that Influence Aspirations

Intelligence
Sex Interests

Values
Family pressures

 Group expectations

Cultural traditions
Competition with others Past experiences

Personal Characteristics

Level of Aspiration
It is the discrepancy between the goal he has already reached and the goal he hopes to reach. Gap is large Self concept is damaged if he fails to reach the goal and consider himself a failure.

Gap is small It would act as a source of motivation and lead him to achievement.

ACHIEVEMENTS
Factors contributing to achievement Experience Past achievements Independence

 Risk taking Motivation Obstacles to achievement Environment

Personal factors such as unrealistic levels of aspiration.

SUCCESS AND FAILURE

Success

Satisfaction from success Values Prestige of activity Attitudes of significant people Monetary rewards Personal aspirations
Dissatisfaction with success

Effects of success on personality

Failure
Causes of failure Dissatisfaction from failure Reactions to failure Effects of failure on personality Value of failure

AGE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Personal satisfaction from achievement

Social recognition of achievement

Effects of age of achievement on personality

THANK YOU