OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY OF LEARNING

THEORIES OF LEARNING
CLASSSICAL CONDITIONING

SOCIAL LEARNING

LEARNING

OPERANT CONDITIONNING

CONGNITIVE LEARNING

INTRODUCTION

Operant conditioning is a form of learning during which an individual modifies the occurrence and form of its own behavior due to the consequences of the behavior.

Psychologist B.F. Skinner was the first to describe operant conditioning.

REINFORCEMENT, PUNISHMENT, AND EXTINCTION

Reinforcement and punishment, the core tools of operant conditioning, are either positive (delivered following a response), or negative (withdrawn following a response). This creates a total of four basic consequences, with the addition of a fifth procedure known as extinction(i.e. no change in consequences following a response)

FOUR CONTEXTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING

Positive reinforcement (Reinforcement): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus that is appetitive or rewarding, increasing the frequency of that behavior. Negative reinforcement (Escape): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing that behavior's frequency.

THE SKINNER BOX EXPERIMENT

 Positive punishment (Punishment) (also called "Punishment by contingent stimulation"): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus. Negative punishment (Penalty) (also called "Punishment by contingent withdrawal"): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a stimulus.

OPERANT CONDITIONING TO CHANGE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

State Goal (aims for the study) Monitor Behaviour (log conditions) Reinforce desired behaviour(give reward for proper behaviour) Reduce incentives to perform undesirable behaviour

A SKIT SHOWING THE THEORY AT WORK

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