TUGAS APLIKASI KOMPUTER I

Oleh : ANISATUR ROHMANIYAH (093234038)

KIMIA A 2009

JURUSAN KIMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA
2012

DAFTAR ISI
A. BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................
1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................
2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................................
3. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................................
4. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................
5. Definisi Operasional dan Asumsi .........................................................................
B. BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................................
1. Minyak Kelapa Sawit ............................................................................................
2. Lemak Kambing ....................................................................................................
3. Sabun .....................................................................................................................

1
1
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
10

4. Sabun Transparan ..................................................................................................

5. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan ...............................................................................
6. Uji Kimia...............................................................................................................
7. Kerangka Konseptual ............................................................................................
C. BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN ...........................................................................
1. Judul Penelitian .....................................................................................................
2. Desain dan Variabel Penelitian .............................................................................
3. Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................................................
D. BAB V. PENUTUP ...................................................................................................
1. Simpulan ...............................................................................................................
2. Saran ......................................................................................................................
E. DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................

13
15
20
23
24
24
24
28
49
49
51
52

Tabel 1. Data berat residu furfural dari limbah tanaman jagung

Konsentrasi H2SO4
6% (g)

8% (g)

10% (g)

12% (g)

5,9675

10,1453

10,4146

11,4513

6,1100

10,1836

10,2772

11,0523

7,1770

10,3497

10,4195

11,0273

8,1583

10,4404

10,0098

11,2596

8,2655

9,9530

9,9925

10,9631

7,9435

9,7280

10,2570

11,6580

9,8745

10,9548

12,4891

12,4260

9,8179

10,7975

12,9540

12,5205

9,7719

11,0215

12,7025

12,5115

Waktu

3 jam

4 jam

5 jam

Tabel 2. Data uji warna furfural hasil sintesis dari limbah tanaman jagung

Furfural

Waktu
(jam)

Sebelum

Sesudah

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Kuning kecoklatan

Merah tua gelap

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Kuning kecoklatan

Merah tua gelap

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih kekuningan

Merah tua

Jernih tidak berwarna

Merah tua

Teoritis

dengan
katalis
H2SO4 6%

dengan
katalis
H2SO4 8%

dengan
katalis
H2SO4 10%

dengan
katalis
H2SO4 12%

Sesudah
pemurnian

Penambahan Anilin-asetat

Tabel 3. Data pengamatan spektra IR furfural dari sintesis limbah tanaman jagung
Stretching

Stretching

Waktu

Stretching
C-H

Variasi

Stretching

C-H

(jam)

Stretching
C=C

C=O
Aromatis

Aldehid

Aromatis

Teoritis

-1

(cm )
-1

(cm )

3150 - 3050 2900 - 2800

Aldehid
-1

(cm )
(cm )

C-H
C-O-C

-1

-1

Bending

(cm-1)

(cm )
1740-1720 1600 - 1475

1300-1000

1500 - 1300

Pembanding

3134,6

2851,5

1674,4

1568,2

1157,4

1392,7

3145,0

2857,9

1684,5

1550,7

1152,8

1385,3

3139,7

2854,1

1641,0

1546,2

1017,8

1391,7

3144,8

2854,2

1641,2

1544,5

1150,2

1384,1

2964,5

1636,4

1535,1

1054,9

3134,1

2852,6

1641,4

1543,6

1016,0

1460,6

3135,7

2856,9

1639,1

1543,8

1148,2

1382,2

3125,8

2893,2

1764,0

1546,4

1272,5

1381,3

3134,5

2867,9

1638,5

1546,7

1017,5

1389,7

3133,6

2893,5

1639,4

1543,7

1148,6

1385,7

2945,7

1648,0

1561,4

1081,0

1437,5

3129,6

2850,9

1689,3

1565,4

1062,4

1375,7

3128,1

2893,2

1687,4

1565,0

1061,0

1361,4

3132,7

2853,6

1660,7

1574,0

1151,3

1391,9

6%

8%

10%

12%

Stlh pemurnian