EXPERIMENT 1

DDL COMMANDS, DML COMMANDS, TCL COMMANDS:

//==CREATE==//:
SQL> create table emp (eno number(4),ename varchar2(20),dept varchar2(20));
Table created.
//==INSERT==//
SQL> insert into emp values(1,'ravi','cse');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,'kiran','cse');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,'suresh','ece');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,'phani','eee');
1 row created.
//==SELECT==//
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO ENAME
DEPT
---- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
2
kiran
cse
3
suresh
ece
4
phani
eee

//=DELETE==//
SQL> delete from emp
2 where eno=4;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from emp;

ENO
ENAME
DEPT
---- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
2
kiran
cse
3
suresh
ece
//==UPDATE==//
SQL> update emp
2 set ename='phani'
3 where ename='kiran';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO
ENAME
DEPT
---- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
2
phani
cse
3
suresh
ece
//==ALTER==//
SQL> alter table emp
2 add(salary varchar2(20));
Table altered.
SQL> desc emp;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------ENO
VARCHAR2(4)
ENAME
VARCHAR2(20)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY
VARCHAR2(20)
SQL> update emp
2 set salary=10000
3 where ename='ravi';
1 row updated.
SQL> update emp

2 set salary=10000
3 where ename='phani';
1 row updated.
SQL> update emp
2 set salary=20000
3 where ename='suresh';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL> create table student2(sno varchar(10),sname varchar2(20),smarks varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into student2 values(10,'sony',500);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student2 values(11,'leela',600);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from student2;
SNO
SNAME
SMARKS
---------- -------------------- -------------------10
sony
500
11
leela
600
//==DROP==//
SQL> drop table student2;
Table dropped.
SQL> desc table student2;
Usage: DESCRIBE [schema.]object[@db_link]

//==TRUNCATE==//
SQL> truncate table student;
Table truncated.
SQL> select * from student;
no rows selected
SQL> create table chsr(sname varchar2(10),age varchar2(5));
Table created.
SQL> insert into chsr values('sudharshan','28');
1 row created.
//==COMMIT==//
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> delete from chsr;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from chsr;
no rows selected
//==ROLLBACK==//
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----Sudharshan 28
SQL> insert into chsr values('bhimu','24');

1 row created.
SQL> delete from chsr where age='24';
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----sudharshan 28
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----sudharshan 28

EXPERIMENT - 2
SIMPLE QUERIES:
SQL> create table sailor_810(sid number(10) primary key,sname varchar2(20),rating
number(2),age number(2));
Table created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(1,'kiran',5,40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(2,'ramesh',7,35);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(3,'bob',10,50);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(4,'raj',8,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(5,'ravi',4,25);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(6,'rajesh',10,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(7,'jay',9,55);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(8,'chandu',7,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(9,'ram',2,35);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(10,'roy',8,50);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from sailor_810;

SID

SNAME

RATING

AGE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------1

kiran

40

ramesh

35

bob

10

50

raj

30

ravi

25

rajesh

10

30

jay

55

chandu

30

ram

35

10

roy

50

10 rows selected.
SQL> create table boat_810(bid number(3) primary key,bname varchar2(20),colour
varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(101,'boat1','red');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(102,'boat2','green');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(103,'boat3','blue');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(104,'boat4','yellow');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(105,'boat5','orange');
1 row created.

SQL> insert into boat_810 values(106,'boat5','blue');

1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(107,'boat7','green');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(108,'boat8','red');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(109,'boat9','yellow');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(110,'boat10','green');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from boat_810;

BID

BNAME

COLOUR

---------- -------------------- -------------------101

boat1

red

102

boat2

green

103

boat3

blue

104

boat4

yellow

105

boat5

orange

106

boat5

blue

107

boat7

green

108

boat8

red

109

boat9

yellow

110

boat10

green

10 rows selected.
SQL> create table reserves_810(sid number(10) references sailor_1,bid number(3) references
boat_810,day date);

Table created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(2,104,'12-jan-2011');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(5,103,'1-feb-2010');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(2,106,'9-aug-2000');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(4,102,'11-feb-2005');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(7,107,'19-mar-2007');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(1,101,'20-jun-2009');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(6,105,'11-may-2011');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from reserves_810;
SID

BID

DAY

--------- ---------- --------2

104

12-JAN-11

103

01-FEB-10

106

09-AUG-00

102

11-FEB-05

107

19-MAR-07

101

20-JUN-09

105

11-MAY-11

7 rows selected.

SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(3,109,'15-feb-2007');

1 row created.
SQL> select * from reserves_810;
SID

BID

DAY

---------- ---------- --------2

104

12-JAN-11

103

01-FEB-10

106

09-AUG-00

102

11-FEB-05

107

19-MAR-07

101

20-JUN-09

105

11-MAY-11

109

15-FEB-07

8 rows selected.
//==FIND THE NAMES AND AGES OF ALL THE SAILORS:==//
SQL> select sname,age from sailor_810;
SNAME

AGE

-------------------- ---------kiran

40

ramesh

35

bob

50

raj

30

ravi

25

rajesh

30

jay

55

chandu

30

ram

35

roy

50

10 rows selected
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WITH A RATING ABOVE 7==//
SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating>7;
SNAME
------------------bob
raj
rajesh
jay
roy
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHO HAVE RESERVED BOAT N0 103==//
SQL> select s.sname from sailor_810 s, reserves_810 r
2 where r.bid=103 and s.sid=r.sid;

SNAME
-------------------ravi
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHO HAVE RESERVED RED BOAT==//
SQL> select s.sname from sailor_810 s, reserves_810 r
2 ,boat_810 b
3 where b.colour='red' and s.sid=r.sid and b.bid=r.bid;

SNAME
-------------------kiran

//==FIND THE COLORS OF BOATS RESERVED BY KIRAN==//

SQL> select b.colour from boat_810 b, reserves_810 r
2 ,sailor_1 s
3 where s.sname='kiran' and s.sid=r.sid and b.bid=r.bid;

COLOUR
-------------------red

SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(11,'burab',10,27);

1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
//==FIND THE NAMES AND AGES OF SAILORS WHOSE NAME ENDS AND BEGIN
WITH B AND HAS ATLEAST THREE CHARACTERS==//
SQL> select sname,age from sailor_810 where sname like 'b%b';
SNAME

AGE

-------------------- ---------bob

50

burab

27

EXPERIMEN 4
OPERATORS:
ARITHEMATIC OPERATORS:
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary+1000) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
11000
phani
cse
11000
suresh
ece
21000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary-1000) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
9000
phani
cse
9000
suresh
ece
19000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary*10) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
100000
phani
cse
100000
suresh
ece
200000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary/10) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
1000
phani
cse
1000
suresh
ece
2000

COMPARISION OPERATORS:
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHOSE RATING IS GREATER THAN 7==//
SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating>7;
SNAME
-------------------bob
raj
rajesh
jay
roy

//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHOSE RATING IS LESS THAN 7==//

SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating<7;
SNAME
-------------------Kiran
Ravi
Ram
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHOSE RATING IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
7==//
SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating<=7;
SNAME
-------------------Kiran

Ravi
Ram
Ramesh
Chandu

//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHOSE AGE IS BETWEEN 40 AND 60==//

SQL> select sname from sailor_810 where age BETWEEN 40 AND 60;
SNAME
-------------------Bob
Jay
Roy
//==FIND THE NAMES AND AGES OF SAILORS WHOSE NAME ENDS AND BEGIN
WITH B AND HAS ATLEAST THREE CHARACTERS==//
SQL> select sname,age from sailor_810 where sname like 'b%b';
SNAME

AGE

-------------------- ---------bob

50

burab

27

//==FIND THE AGES OF SAILORS WHOSE NAME ENDS AND BEGIN WITH B AND
HAS ONLY ONE CHARACTER ==//
SQL> select age from sailor_810 where sname like 'b_b';
AGE
---------50

LOGICAL OPRERATORS:
NOT:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where NOT(rating BETWEEN 6 AND 9);
SID

SNAME

RATING

AGE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------1

kiran

40

bob

10

50

ravi

25

rajesh

10

30

jay

55

ram

35

AND:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where rating=9 AND age=55;
SID

SNAME

RATING

AGE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------7

jay

55

OR:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where rating=10 OR age=40;
SID

SNAME

RATING

AGE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------1

kiran

40

bob

10

50

rajesh

10

30

CONCATENATION OPERATOR
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL> select The Name of Employee is: || ename from emp;
ENAME
--------------The Name of Employee is: ravi
The Name of Employee is: phani
The Name of Employee is: suresh

EXPERIMENT-5
CONVERTION FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate) from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE)
---------------------------17-FEB-12
SQL> select to_date('17-feb-2012') from dual;
TO_DATE(' 17-FEB-2012)
--------------------------------17-FEB-12
SQL> select to_number('505') from dual;
TO_NUMBER('505')
------------------------505

CHARACTER FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select upper('sowjanya') from dual;
UPPER(' sowjanya)
-----------------------SOWJANYA
SQL> select lower('SOWJANYA') from dual;
LOWER('SOWJANYA)
-------------------------------sowjanya
SQL> select initcap('sowjanya') from dual;
INITCAP(sowjanya)
--------------------------

Sowjanya

SQL> select length('dbms') from dual;

LENGTH('DBMS')
-------------4
SQL> select concat('indu','priya') from dual;
CONCAT
--------indupriya
SQL> select lpad('dbms',7,'#') from dual;
LPAD('D
-----------###dbms
SQL> select rpad('dbms',7,'@') from dual;
RPAD('D
------dbms@@@
SQL> select substr('SOWJANYA',3,7) from dual;
SUBST
----WJANY
NUMERIC FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select ABS(-6) from dual;
ABS(-6)
---------6

SQL> select ABS(6) from dual;

ABS(6)
---------6
SQL> select CEIL(3.3) from dual;
CEIL(3.3)
---------4
SQL> select floor(4.7) from dual;
FLOOR(4.7)
---------4
SQL> select greatest(5,2) from dual;
GREATEST(5,2)
------------5
SQL> select least(3,9) from dual;
LEAST(3,9)
---------3
SQL> select mod(7,2) from dual;
MOD(7,2)
---------1
SQL> select power(2,3) from dual;

POWER(2,3)
---------8
SQL> select sign(-6) from dual;
SIGN(-6)
----------1
SQL> select sign(6) from dual;
SIGN(6)
---------1
SQL> select sqrt(49) from dual;
SQRT(49)
---------7
DATE FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
-----------17-FEB-12
SQL> select sysdate+1 from dual;
SYSDATE+1
--------------18-FEB-12
SQL> select sysdate-1 from dual;
SYSDATE-1
--------------

16-FEB-12
SQL> select last_day('17-feb-2012') from dual;
LAST_DAY(
---------------29-FEB-12
SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'friday') from dual;
NEXT_DAY(
---------------24-FEB-12
SQL> select length('17-feb-2012') from dual;
LENGTH('17-FEB-2012')
--------------------11
SQL> select add_months('17-feb-2012',4) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
-----------------17-JUN-12
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select uid from dual;
UID
---------1219
SQL> select user from dual;
USER
-------------MTECH

Size of a Number:
select vsize(3.141) from dual;
VSIZE(3.141)
-----------4

Size of String:
select vsize('what is my size') from dual;
VSIZE('WHATISMYSIZE')
--------------------15