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Introduction
Expectorants are the drugs that help in removing sputum from the
respiratory tract either by increasing the fluidity (or reducing the viscosity) of sputum or increasing the volume of fluids that have to be expelled from the respiratory tract by coughing. Examples of inorganic expectorants are ammonium chloride,
Classification of Expectorants
Classification of expectorants is according to their mechanism of
action (i) sedative type and (ii) stimulant type. Sedative expectorants. These are stomach irritant expectorants
Classification of Expectorants
Stimulant expectorants. These are the expectorants which bring about a stimulation of the secretory cells of the respiratory tract
directly or indirectly.
Since these drugs stimulate secretion, more fluid gets produced in respiratory tract and sputum is diluted. Examples of stimulant expectorants include drugs such as Eucalyptus, lemon, anise, and active constituents of oil like terpine bydrate, anethole.
Emetics
These are the drugs which give rise to forced regurgitation (emesis)
by which the contents of the stomach get expelled through the oral cavity. Emetics constitute a valuable part of treatment in posioning cases. The emetics act either by
Emetics
There are types of poisoning in which poisons may remain in
stomach for sometime before entering intestine where they may get
absorbed. Before this occurs, emetics are given to patients for physically expelling the toxic substances and reduce the harmful effects and may be able to save a patient's life.