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Soils very enormously in formation ,chemical composition ,desity and even colour.the main factor affecting their physical behaviour is the size of the soil particles and this characteristic is used to determine the classifaction For example,clay particle are relatively minute(less than 0.002 mm) and the particle stick together-they are cohosive.Sand particle are 30-100 bigger than clay particle and they have interlock-they posess internal friction.Clay particle are practically impervious while sand and gravel possess high permeability The cohesion of clay particle and the friction between sand particle have an important affect on the soil`s strength ,stability and behaviour ,as does its permeability and variation in moisture content .Silt particles are intermediate between clays and sands;gravel particle are bigger than sand ,and cobbles and boulder are bigger than gravels. General indentification of soil from BS 5930 can be seen from this table
DENSITY
The denser the soil then generally the stronger it is likely to be.There are in situ and laboratory test to determine density and it is important to evaluate the moisture content of the sample.This is performed by weighing the soil before and after drying
Material Slightly sandly gravel Sandy gravel Very sandy gravel Gravel/Sand Very gravel sand Gravelly sand Slightly gravelly sand
Composition Up to 5% sand 5%-20% sand Over 20% sand About equal proportions of gravel and sand Over 20% gravel 5%-20% gravel Up to 5% gravel