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LABORATORY TESTING FOR DISTURBED SAMPLE TESTs

Particle size and distribution

Soils very enormously in formation ,chemical composition ,desity and even colour.the main factor affecting their physical behaviour is the size of the soil particles and this characteristic is used to determine the classifaction For example,clay particle are relatively minute(less than 0.002 mm) and the particle stick together-they are cohosive.Sand particle are 30-100 bigger than clay particle and they have interlock-they posess internal friction.Clay particle are practically impervious while sand and gravel possess high permeability The cohesion of clay particle and the friction between sand particle have an important affect on the soil`s strength ,stability and behaviour ,as does its permeability and variation in moisture content .Silt particles are intermediate between clays and sands;gravel particle are bigger than sand ,and cobbles and boulder are bigger than gravels. General indentification of soil from BS 5930 can be seen from this table

DENSITY
The denser the soil then generally the stronger it is likely to be.There are in situ and laboratory test to determine density and it is important to evaluate the moisture content of the sample.This is performed by weighing the soil before and after drying

Material Slightly sandly gravel Sandy gravel Very sandy gravel Gravel/Sand Very gravel sand Gravelly sand Slightly gravelly sand

Composition Up to 5% sand 5%-20% sand Over 20% sand About equal proportions of gravel and sand Over 20% gravel 5%-20% gravel Up to 5% gravel

LIQUIDITY AND PLASTICITY


A clay ,depending on its moisture content ,can be in three physical states ,i.e, solid ,plastic and liquid.The divisions between the three states are known as the plastic limit and liquid limit which are the moisture content at which ,by defined tests,the soil changes physical state.Knowing these cosistency limit alllows the soil to be classified according to its position on the plasticty chart. The plasticity can be use a useful guide to the compressibility and liability to shrinking of clays and silts

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