Title: dynamic modelling of a batch reactor for trans-esterification of waste vegetable oil Specific objectives 1.

To explore the hydrodynamic effect due to agitation in a batch reator during transesterification of WCO in relation to reaction kinetics in a 2 litre batch reactor 2. To develop a dynamic model to predict process state during trans-esterification in a batch reactor 3. To evaluate and validate the performance of the model process with a view to optimize the process.

radial impeller Methodology Transesterification

mixed impeller flow

Variables Temperature, T (C) Impeller speed, S (rpm) Impeller, IBC (mm)

levels 1 2 60 65 600 650 20 25

3 70 700 30

PIV analysis of impeller Kinetic modelling of the reaction CFD simulation-Multiple Reference frame (MRF) model 3D (RANS k-e, RSM and LES) turbulent models ASTM standard MG %(m/m) DG %(m/m) T %(m/m) G %(m/m) TG %(m/m) 0.8 0.2% 0.2 0.02 0.25 860-901 Radial 0.0495 1.713 0.49 0.019 0.331 847 Radial 0.0405 1.312 0.394 0.015 0.2561 846 Axial 0.057 0.59 0.59 0.021 0.181 849 Axial 0.049 0.425 0.489 0.281 0.404 849

Result Kinetic Model for Transesterification (unbaffled)(baffled)(unbaffled) (baffled)

Density @ room temperature (kg/m)

TRI + OH<->DG + ES (1) r1f=k1f*[TRI]*[OH]; r1r=k1r*[DI]*[ES] d[TRI]/dt= k1f*[TRI]*[OH]-k1r*[DI]*[ES] DG + OH <->MG + ES (2) r2f=k1f*[DI]*[OH] r2r=-k1r*[MG]*[ES] d[DI]/dt = =k1f*[TRI]*[OH]-k1r*[DI]*[ES]-k2f[DG][OH]+k2r*[MG]*[ES] MG +OH <->tr + ES (3) r3f=k3f*[MG]*[OH], r3r=k3r*[tr]*[ES] d[MG]/dt = =k3f*[MG]*[OH]-k3r*[tr]*[ES]+k2f[DG]*[OH]-k2r*[MG]*[ES] d[ES]/dt = k1f*[TRI]*[OH]-k1r*[DI]*[ES]]-k2f[DG][OH]+k2r*[MG]*[ES] +k3f*[MG]*[OH]-k3r*[tr]*[ES] With initial value of TG=0.49746, DG=0.82212, MG=0.08876, GLY=0.01378 Equation 1-3 solved

PIV of Radial impeller

C o l0 u m n s = 0 ; R o w s = G e n e r a t e d b y M A T L A B

PIV of mixed flow impeller P

G C

e o

n l

=r

0a

n;

e . s