Answers

Chapter 1

3.36

5.2 kW; 28,800 kJ

4.34

0.016527 ft3/lb, 172.6 Btu/lb

Chapter one problems are intended for

group discussion and individual study.
Typically, there are no unique solutions,
and numerical values obtained (if any)
may vary with the data source.
Accordingly, answers to chapter one
problems are not provided.

3.38

2.16 kJ

4.36

0.8477 m3/kg, 107.69 kJ/kg

3.40

600 kJ; $0.027

4.38

2649 kJ

3.42

1.96 ft

4.40

1.477  106 kJ

3.44

112.6 kPa, 68.89 J, 131.39 J

4.42

63.55 Btu

3.46

1000, 0; 500, 0; 50, 600; 50,

50; power cycle

4.44

2.392 kJ/kg, 20.23 kJ/kg

4.46

846.5 kJ, 11,290 kJ

3.48

8.28 kJ; 18.78 kJ; 36.9 kJ;

power cycle

4.48

658.43 J

4.50

36.17 Btu; 71.05 Btu

3.50

10,000 kJ; 40%

4.52

3.52

40%

35.6 kJ, 844.0 kJ, 228 kJ,

1036.4 kJ

3.54

99.9 MW; 799.2  106 kW # h/

year; $63.94  106/year

4.54

5%

4.56

72F

Chapter 2
2.6

two phases, no; three phases, no

2.8

yes

2.10

195.6 N

2.12

9.5 m/s ; 10 kg, 98.1 N

2.14

8.23 lbf, 0.824 lb/ft3

3.58

1428.6 kJ, 571.4 kJ

12.825 ft/s2, 0.049 in.

4.58

0.103 m3

2.16

3.60

8 kW; $128/month

4.60

697 lbf/in.2

2.18

68.67 N

3.62

$2.11/month

4.62

120 kJ

2.20

33.39 lbf
Chapter 4

8.248 kg

2.22

2.905 m3

4.64

44 lbf/in.2

4.2

38.7%; 0.13%

100C; 20C; 0C; 17.78C;

40C; 273.15C

4.68

460 K

2.28

two-phase liq.-vap.; superheated

vapor; compressed liquid;
superheated vapor; solid

4.66

2.24

4.70

density ratio  0.138

4.4

6.622 ft3/lb; 127.9F; 6.015 ft3/lb

4.72

662R, 26.48 lbf/in.2

4.6

67.5%; 100%

4.74

62.45 kJ/kg, 0

4.8

33.56%

4.76

0.05 m3

2.30

40F or 40C

2.32

no

Chapter 3

4.10

0.159 m

4.78

1.041 kJ/kg # K

3.2

1200 kJ

4.12

857.62 kPa

4.80

32.88 kJ; 25.15 kJ; 27.25 kJ

3.4

115.4 ft

4.14

3 lb, 64.27 lbf/in.2

4.82

12.1%

3.6

1200 kJ

4.16

0.642%

3.8

59.67 ft/s; 100.6 ft

4.18

33.86 lbf/in.2, 153.13 lbf/in.2

3.10

68 kW

4.20

3.05%

3.12

0.9089, 0.216 Btu

4.22

3.598 kJ/kg

3.14

0.15 m3

4.24

3.96 Btu

3.16

12 kJ

4.26

80.47 kJ

4.28

3.18
3.20

1.843 kJ/kg

3.22

160.9 kJ, 400 kJ, 0 kJ, 239.1 kJ

3.24

0.27 hp, 115 RPM

3.26

$0.05

3.28

4.30

20, 70; 50, 30; 60,

40; 90, 50; 150, 80

3.30

8.44 kJ

3.32

350 kJ

3.34

3.8  105 kJ; $8.45

4.32

Chapter 5
5.2

10.2 lb/s; 0.079; 0.322

5.4

3.74 m/s; 0.6 cm

5.6

0.989 lb/s; 117.8 ft3/min;

13.41 ft/s

1.012 Btu

5.8

715 ft/s, 399F

10.38 bar, 32.21 kJ

5.10

9780 ft3/h, 0.5 air changes/hour

5.12

664.1 m/s; 17 cm2, 6.2 cm2

5.14

1511 ft/s

5.16

8.35  103 ft2

5.18

125.8 m/s, 1.458

5.20

132.4F

5.22

7.53 kg/s, 0.108 m2

5.24

9.27  104 lb/h

5.26

19.35 bar

5.28

10,400 kg/s

25.43 ft /lb, 1145.1 Btu/lb;

227.96F, 901.29 Btu/lb;
4.734 ft3/lb, 1478.05 Btu/lb;
885.6 lbf/in.2, 1163.34 Btu/lb;
0.85 ft3/lb, 1312.3 Btu/lb;
247.1 lbf/in.2, 1.6813 ft3/lb;
0.1217 lbf/in.2 862.6 Btu/lb;
0.0176 ft3/lb, 289.71 Btu/lb
100.56F, 0.2675 ft3/lb;
18.85 lbf/in.2 615.2 Btu/lb;
47.6 lbf/in.2 108.8 Btu/lb

5.30

1.91  106 lb/h; 6.93 ft

5.32

222.8 hp, 262 ft /min

7.10

5.34

3.03 kW

5.36

6.42 kW

0.97515

5.38

32.97 ft /min

5.40

2.19 Btu/s, 3.1 hp

5.42

1.5 hp

5.44

358 lb/h; 1.792  105 Btu/h

5.46

56.1 kW

5.48

93.7F

5.50

1.71 lb/min, 50 gal

5.52

18.0 kg/s

5.54

3

7  10

7.12

6.6549 kJ/kg # K; 1.303; 4.4468;

5.9734
4.9128 kJ/kg # K; 0.4337;

7.14

33.6C, 713.3 kJ/kg

7.16

Ideal gas table: 0.24289 kJ/kg # K;

0.47632; 0.4769; 0.2701;
0.8373. Constant cp: 0.2431
kJ/kg # K; 0.47684; 0.4862;
0.2696; 0.8389

7.18

m /s

7.20

1017F; 6.897 bar; 4.119 bar;

39F; 0.188 m3/kg
0.4995 kJ/kg # K; 0.5028;
0.5027

7.22

348.7 K

7.74

1020.5 kJ/kg; 89.8%

7.76

1439 ft/s

7.78

95.1%; 1.66  103 ft2

7.80

180.09 kW, 122C; 225.16 kW,

80%
620F, 0.0398 Btu/lb # R

7.82
7.84

139.3 Btu/s; 0.0176 Btu/s # R,

0.0054 Btu/s # R,
0.0266 Btu/s # R

7.86

57.37 Btu / lb, 57.37 Btu/lb;

69.48 Btu/ lb, 13.14 Btu/lb;
72.79 Btu/lb, 0

7.88

881.21 kJ/kg, 3.03 kJ/kg

7.90

944.3 kg/s

7.92

4.98 hp, greater

7.94

no

5.56

0.89 cm

7.24

471.5 kJ, 2391.8 kJ

5.58

0.30 (30%)

7.26

5.60

30.5C

59.34 kJ/kg, 44.28 kJ/kg; 153.81

kJ/kg, 153.81 kJ/kg

5.62

320 Btu/lb

7.28

8.2

5.64

12.85 hp; $6133/yr

5.97 bar; 189.6 kJ, 61.6 kJ;

0.1797 kJ/K

251.8  103 kW; 39.7%;

6.53  106 kg/h

5.66

21.48 kJ/min; 5.47

7.30

382.2R; 7.2%

8.10

25 m2/kW

5.68

7960 hp, 13,052 hp

7.32

; 0; ; ; ; indeterminate

8.14

7.34

yes

7.075  108 Btu/h; 1.996  109

Btu/h; 35.4%; 1.72  104 ft3/min

7.36

no

8.16

8.161  104 kW; 32.2%;

7643 kW; 1963 kg/s

8.18

1175.1 kJ/kg; 3311.6 kJ/kg;

34.5%; 2136.5 kJ/kg

8.20

1.011  109 Btu/h; 4.20  108

Btu/h; 41.8%

Chapter 6
6.2

58.3 kJ/kg, 58.3 kJ/kg, no

6.4

yes, no

6.8

(TH  TC)2; (TCTH)12

6.10

no; no; yes (the first law)

6.12

irreversible; reversible;
impossible; irreversible

Chapter 8

7.38

no, from the system

7.40

yes, the second law

7.42

6.37  107 kW/K

7.44

8.83 kJ/K; 55.9 kJ/K

7.46

0.014 kW/K; 0.017 kW/K

8.22

500R; 1.5 atm; 4.6  103

Btu/R

44.9%, x4  0.8695

7.48

8.26

45.5%; 9.93  105 kg/h

8.28

7.50

no; yes, but unlikely

7.36  108 Btu/h; 43.9%;

4.70  107 lb/h

7.52

323.8 kJ/kg; irreversible

8.30

7.54

right to left; 1740.8 kW

1268.3 kJ/kg; 47.6%;

1394.1 kJ/kg

7.56

no

8.32

7.58

10 kW

243  103 kW; 41.2%;

6.144  106 kg/h

7.60

41.33 Btu/lb, 0.057 Btu/lb # R;

0.061 Btu/lb # R
0.42 kW, 0.0286 kJ/kg # K;

8.34

36.8%; 1.17  106 kg/h

8.36

6.428  108 Btu/h; 38.3%;

5.175  107 lb/h

8.38

164.6 Btu/min, 27.8 Btu/min;

5.62

6.14

952 K

6.16

900 K

6.18

claim invalid

6.20

423F, 319 lbf/in.2

6.22

6.7%; ratio  0.3

6.26

claim invalid

6.28

4.4 kW; 239.7 K

6.30

147.6 kg/h (per kW)

6.32

2.43 kW

6.34

0.76 hp; 0.6 hp; 0.3 hp

6.36

0.87 hp

7.64

30.01 kW; 4.23  10

6.40

$7.16/day, $1.05/day

7.66

27.2 kg/min; 5.4  103 kW/K

8.40

2.98 kW; 3.28 tons; 3.87

50.4 kW, 0.403 kg/s; 0.0196

kW/K, 0.0152 kW/K

8.42

5.41 hp; 1229.3 Btu/min; 4.36

8.44

4.015; 15.51 tons

447.8 kJ/kg, 1.034 bar; 448.5

kJ/kg, 1.026 bar; 401.8 kJ/kg,
1.233 bar

8.48

3.725 kW; 3.402 tons; 3.212

8.50

3.10; 4.564 tons

8.52

22.68 lb/min; 4133.2 Btu/min;

2.42; 84.1%

6.42

17.6 cents/day

6.44

$10.53/day, $2.86/day; $40/day

7.62

1.98  103 kW/K

7.68
7.70

Chapter 7
7.2

46.7%

7.6

F; F; F; F; F; T; F

7.72

3

kW/K

0.958 bar, 619C; 2.11 kW/K

8.56

5.17 kW; 22.58 kW; 4.37; 63.5%

10.20 76%; 20C

12.44 0.763 ft3/s

8.58

75.4%; 3.35

10.22 81.8%, 14.4C

12.46 54.1 ft; 2750 lbf/ft2; 46.3 ft3/s

8.60

3.11 kW, 81%; 4.84

10.24 290, 460 lb/h

12.48 17.6 ft

10.26 6790 lb(a)/min, 15,178 lb/min

12.50  1 km

Chapter 9

12.52 26.46 lbf/in.2

9.2

805.2 kJ/kg; 57.5%; 1060 kPa

Chapter 11

9.6

27.2 kW

11.2

gage: 60.6 MPa, 8790 psi

9.8

4575.5R; 749.8 lbf/in.2; 51.25%

11.4

7.7 psi

90.84 Btu /lb; 56.5%; 151.4

lbf/in.2

11.6

60 kPa

11.8

18.2 ft; 8.73 psi; 21.7 psi

9.14

0.812 Btu, 99.5 hp

11.10 0.317 ft

12.58 at 80 lbf/in.2: 800.5 ft/s, 0.577,

1.868  102 ft2
at 40 lbf/in.2: 1544.8 ft/s, 1.224,
1.591  102 ft2

9.18

20.46; 2.062; 64.7%; 803.9 kPa

11.12 1.55 slug/ft3

12.60 4.214 bar

9.20

50.11 Btu; 60.3%; 143.8 lbf/in. ;

2.47

11.14 34.2 deg

12.62 1.8066 bar; 2.873 bar; 461.4 K

11.16 11,400 lbf

9.22

15.58 Btu; 3005R; 56.5%;

101.4 lbf/in.2

11.18 1.48 MN, yR  13.4 m

12.64 547 K; 3.796 bar; 0.661 bar;

2.387 bar; 3.086 bar; 547 K;
0.498 kg/s; 9.84  102 m2

9.24

1301.5 K; 189.2 kPa;

297.5 kJ/kg; 59.4%

11.22 314 kN, 497 kN

Chapter 13

1.846  102 kg; 10 kJ/cycle,

4.084 kJ/cycle; 5.916 kJ/cycle,
59.2%

11.24 1680 lbf

13.2

no; yes; no; no

11.26 488 lbf

13.4

dd12V2   (d2 d1, Vd1 )

11.28 17.2 mm

13.6

9.28

46.7%; 0.562; 1264 kW

11.30 0.394 ft

13.8

dV2 12  (Vc, i1)

#
W  D5
3  (QD3
)

9.30

47.9%; 1.08  106 lb/h; 2.49 

108 Btu/h

11.32 56,300 lbf, yR  13.33 ft

13.10 pV2  0.505 (Dd)3.99 for

1.33  Dd  3.33

9.36

10,706 ft3/min; 1227R, 1347R;

35%

9.12

9.26

12.54 438.6 K; 561.6 m /s; 0.626 kg/s

11.20 1350 lbf

Chapter 12
12.2

6.72  102 N/m2

12.4

286 N
1.70 ft/s

12.8

right side; 4.09 lbf

9.38

39.8%; 14.1% decrease

9.40

13.15%; 71.2%; 9.57  10

Btu/h

12.6

22 kPa, 34.97 kPa, 419.64 kPa,

419.64 kPa, 158.62 kPa, 22 kPa;
1009 m/s

12.10 3.94 ft3/s

9.42

9.44

1080 m/s

9.46

766.5 kPa; 1348 m/s

12.56 0.4047 kg/s; 0.5943 kg/s

13.12 Pressure doubles

13.16 8.65  102 ft/s
13.18 5.48 ft3/min
13.20 400 km/h; 170 N
13.22 4.50 mph; 8.00 ft

12.12 2.69 lbf

13.24 hH  (dH, bH, g s ,

V(gH)12); 5.00 lbf/ft3

12.14 234 lbf

13.26 3.20 lbf

12.16 38,600 lbf, 10,800 lbf

13.28 0.0809 lbf/ft2

12.18 352 lbf

12.20 25,700 N, 3520 N

Chapter 14

12.22 61.5 N/m2; 45.5 N/m2

14.2

0.0883 m

12.24 138 ft; 0.909 ft

14.4

80  xfd  480 in.

12.26 162 ft

14.6

1.055 D

12.28 V2  [2g(m  1)h

(1  (D2D1)4)]12

14.8

0  h  0.509 m

12.30 0.123 ft3/s

14.12 15.9 kN/m2

12.32 6.10  103 m3/s

14.14 35.5 ft

10.12 9.6C; 48.63 m /min;

0.515 kg/min; 804.1 kJ/min

12.34 downhill

14.16 0.0326, laminar

12.36 0.881 ft /s

14.18 56.7

10.14 12.3C; 0.0144 kg/kg(a)

12.38 4.08 hp; 9.94 ft

14.20 0.581 ft; 3.88 ft; 0.97 ft

10.16 31.75 Btu/s; 0.0149 lb/s; 48.7%

12.40 28.0 hp

14.22 84.0 ft

10.18 787.5 Btu/min; 0.1078 lb/min.

12.42 14,500 ft # lbf/s

14.24 0.750 lbf/in.2

Chapter 10
10.4

1.67 bar, 1.11 bar

10.6

IT: 65.46F; 0.01539, 36.03

Btu/lb(a), 72.39F; 44.7%,
0.00973, 29.84 Btu/lb(a)

10.8

4.2 tons; 6.05 kW

10.10 IT: 38.21 kJ/kg(a);

0.00709 kg/kg(a)
3

14.10 0.0300

14.26 pump, 127 hp

16.26 11 mm

14.28 1.07  104 m3/s

16.28 13.5 mm; 91%

14.30 0.0494 ft3/s

16.30 489 W; 120C

14.32 88.5 N

16.32 250C

14.34 0.109 ft

16.34 212C

14.36 0.0130 m, 0.0183 m

16.36 1826 A

14.38 db  0.707 da

16.38 530C, 380C

14.40 24,500 lbf

14.42 15,900 N # m

16.40 369 A

14.44 558 N

16.46 300C

14.46 162 ft # lbf

16.48 144 W/m, 0.92, 19.2,

0.52 m # K/ W, 96.0C; 151 W/m,
0.96, 20.1, 0.50 m # K/W,
95.6C; 450 W/m, 0, 60.0,
0.167 m # K/W, 25C

16.44 36.6C, 129.4C; 337.7C

14.48 1.06 m/s

14.50 2.15 lbf, 215 lbf
14.52 153 mph; 80.5 mph
14.54 0.526 hp, 2.06 hp
14.56 0.288

16.50 0.778, 6.0, 216 W/m; 0.99, 7.6,

273 W/m

14.58 146 mph

16.54 305C, 272C

14.60 yes

16.56 1315%
16.58 50.9 W

Chapter 15

16.60 0.312 h

15.2

378C

15.4

0.10 W/m # K

15.6

2.94 W

15.8

15 mW

16.62 7.0 h
16.64 968 s; 456C
16.66 88 min
16.68 0.0041 m2 # K/W

15.10 0.35 W, 5.25 W

15.12 726 W, 547 W
15.14 18.4 kW, 10.9 kW
15.16 788 vs. 709 W
15.20 364 K, 380 K
15.22 345C
Chapter 16

17.12 3.99, 4.48; 0.93, 0.52; 23.5,

1.27 mm; 9.76, 19.5; 1977,
3954; 191, 382 W/m2 # K
17.14 6780 W
17.16 90.7 kW/m
17.18 2137 W
17.20 13,580, 9820, 5560 W/m
17.22 1370 W, 1440 W
17.24 8.73, 14.5, 11.1 W/m2 # K
17.26 8.71  105 W/m3, 158C
17.28 266 K
17.30 27C; 77C
17.32 71.1; 20,438; 1639 W/m
17.34 235 W/m2 # K; 0.868 W; 1.019 W
17.36 27.6C; 27.6C
17.38 45.8C; 68.3C
17.40 603 K
17.42 3.14 W
17.44 18.7C; 672C
17.46 337C; 197 s
17.48 2.48  104, 1.82; 0.183, 1.06;
0.111, 16.8 m
17.50 471.2 W; 60C, 153.4C
17.52 1281 W, 15.4 m

16.70 65.1C

17.54 6.87  102 kg/s, 15.3 m,

30.8 mm

16.72 1.67 h

17.56 379 K, 406 K

16.74 861 s

17.58 1.8 m

16.76 2.4 h

17.60 10.6 m

16.78 1100 s

17.62 47.5C, 188 kW

16.80 46.5 min

17.64 1.56 m; 28.3 days

16.82 7.3 mm/s

17.66 5.3  102 kg/s; 1399 K; 888 K

16.2

5000 W/m ; 225C; 20C;

85C; 30C

16.84 515 K
16.86 4.85 s, 67.8C

17.68 198C, 71.1 N/m2, 221 W;

195C, 119 N/m2, 415 W

16.4

2.0  105 W/m3

16.88 1793 s

17.70 2724 W, 312 K

16.6

1.0  10 W/m ; 120C, 1.0 

104 K/m, 1.0  105 K/m2

16.90 2.81 min; 86C

17.72 87.7 m; x  L, 48.2C

17.74 9326 W/m2 # K, 1957 W/m2 # K

16.8

16.92 53.5C

43C; 208C

16.10 14.1 W/m2

16.12 0.185 K/W

17.76 13.7 m
Chapter 17

17.78 10,027 W; 3.4 m

17.80 100 m; 12 m

16.18 762 W

17.4

3802, 6.29  104, 0.71; 690,

1.82  103, 6403; 163,
1.17  106, 5.84
10.9 W/m2 # K, 1.0

16.20 49C

17.6

43

17.86 347 W/m2 # K

16.22 778 W/m; 400 K

17.8

20.9 m/s

17.88 90.2 W

16.24 2377 W/m

17.10 30.8 m/s, 4112 W

16.14 86 mm

17.2

16.16 1270 W/m2

17.82 122 W/m; 23.5 mm; 390 W/m,

4.7 mm, 5.3 mm
17.84 1.78 W

17.90 62C

17.92 99C

Chapter 18

17.94 100 W at 60C

18.2

17.96 64.8C
17.98 1.6 W; 187 W; 57 W
17.100 2 W
17.102 581C; 183 s
17.104 135 W/m2 # K
2

17.106 6610 W/m # K; 3249 W/m2 # K

17.108 6.63 m, 35.1C
17.110 50C; 61.7C
17.112 3.09 m2; 2.64 m2
17.116 7600 W, 48.1C; 40.3 m
17.118 26.8C
2

17.120 39.9 m

17.122 1.53 m2
2

17.124 33.4 m

18.30 439 K

1450 W/m2; 1180 W/m2;

270 W/m2

7348 W/m2
6.30  107 W/m2; 5774 K;
0.5 m; 278 K
18.8 5.60%
18.10 0.352
18.12 0.636; 307.5 kW/m2

18.4
18.6

18.14
18.16
18.18
18.20
18.22
18.24
18.26
18.28

7500 W/m ; 2250 W/m ; 0.30

0.774, 0.10
0.383; 0.958, 0.240
0.839, 0.568
800 K
48.5C
57.9C, 71.7C; 0.329, 0.217
0.51 min

18.32 269 K
18.34 0.62
18.36 1
18.38 0.09
18.40 0.0492 kg/s # m
18.42 7.24 W; 3.53 W
18.44 0.162 W
18.46 13.4 W, 6825 W/m2
18.48 1.58 W; 0.986
18.50 30.2 W/m
18.52 1.1  104 kg/s
18.54 548 K, 474 K
18.58 89.8 mW
18.60 423 K
18.62 1225 K, 1167 K