PROJECT NAME:

OTL Sound Amplifier

Members:
1. Nguyen Duc Minh<20081736>< Leader>
2. Nguyen Duc Minh<20081737>
3. Tran Minh Quan
4. Le Hong Nam
5. Dam Tien Long

18/11/2011

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

OTL sound amplifier

Contents
OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 3
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Project requirements and parameters: ....................................................................................... 4

I.

Block Design .............................................................................................................................. 5

II.

Pre-amplifier ............................................................................................................................. 5

1.
a.

Functional ............................................................................................................................... 5

b.

Requirement ............................................................................................................................ 5

c.

Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 6
Push-pull .................................................................................................................................... 6

2.
a.

Power amplifier ......................................................................................................................... 6

3.
a.

Functional ............................................................................................................................... 6

b.

Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 6
Other blocks .............................................................................................................................. 6

4.
a.

Microphone ............................................................................................................................. 6

b.

Speaker.................................................................................................................................... 6
Block diagram ........................................................................................................................... 7

5.

Detail Design .............................................................................................................................. 7

III.

Analysis the circuit : ................................................................................................................. 7

1.

2.
IV.
V.
VI.

Functional ............................................................................................................................... 6

a.

Pre-amplifier ........................................................................................................................... 7

b.

Push-pull ................................................................................................................................. 8

c.

Power amplifier ...................................................................................................................... 8

d.

The circuit ............................................................................................................................... 9

Calculation ................................................................................................................................. 9
List of device .............................................................................................................................. 9

PCB layout ................................................................................................................................... 11

Real circuit ............................................................................................................................... 11
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

VII.

Test case ................................................................................................................................... 11

a.

Frequency range of input signal .............................................................................................. 11

b.

Voltage range of input signal ................................................................................................... 11

OBJECTIVE
Design and make a sound amplifier circuit that use for amplify the sound from
the electrets microphone or from the jack 3.5mm of laptop or mobile phone.
The output of circuit will be a speaker to release the sound.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Using the properties of the BJT transistor to amplify the signal.
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Design the circuit base on the block diagram.

Using Orcad capture software to draw the circuit and simulate the circuit.
Using the Orcad layout software to make the PCB.

ABSTRACT
OTL stands for Output Transformer-Less. It is a term used to describe
amplifiers, particularly tube amplifiers that do not have an output transformer.
Such amplifiers are commonly called OTL tube amplifiers. The advantages of
OTL are reducing the noise and the output resistor in order to match with the
speakers, which commonly have the resistance, are about 8 ohms. However, the
sound which is created by OTL circuit is quite good, and the very good OTL
circuit is very expensive, and particularly integrated in high quality tubespeaker.

I.

Project requirements and parameters:

Requirement :
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

- Voltage input is low sin AC voltage and it comes from the electrets
microphone or 3.5mm jack from mobile phone or computer.
- The source can take from the battery or accumulator
- The speaker has the resistor R = 8 ohm and have the small power.
- The sound is average quality, with low noise, and high volume.
- Small size and light.
b. Parameter:
- Voltage input: 150mV-AC
- Microphone connection: 3.5mm jack
- Source: 24V
- Speaker resistance: 8
-Speaker power range: 0.8W to 3W
- Frequency response range: 30Hz to 15 kHz
- Size: 0.4dm2 to 0.5dm2
- Weight: 50g.

II. Block Design

1. Pre-amplifier
a. Functional
Amplify the small audio signal (voltage) from the
microphone
b. Requirement
i. The voltage gain is high enough to hear the sound without
too many noises
ii. The input is the audio signal from laptop
iii. The output go to the Push - pull block
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

c. Parameter
i. Input voltage :from 0.01V to 0.19V
ii. Input frequency : vary from 30Hz to 15kHz
iii. The gain is 40
2. Push-pull
a. Functional
i. Class A amplifier
ii. Correct the error generated from distortion
iii. Balances amplitude of output
iv. Preventing the circuit from unexpected oscillation.
3. Power amplifier
a. Functional
i. Amplify power of the circuit to match with speakers
ii. Create the output resistance to match with speaker
b. Parameter
i. Speaker power : 0.8 to 3W
ii. Speaker resistance : 8

4. Other blocks
a. Microphone
i. A transducer which convert sound to voltage
ii. Connection : 3.5mm jack
iii. Source : Human voice or laptop
b. Speaker
i. A transducer which converts the audio signal to sound
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

ii. Resistance : 8
iii. Power 1.5W
5. Block diagram

Microphone

PreAmplifier

Push-Pull

Power
Amplifier

Speaker

Figure 1: Block Diagram

III. Detail Design

1. Analysis the circuit :
a. Pre-amplifier
i. Schematic
- Q1 is amplifying stage, using pnp transistor. R1 and
R2 are used to polarizing Q1's Base. R3 and capacitor
C2 supply voltage for this stage. With this kind of
filter, the Boating effect is neglected. C1is coupling
capacitor and RV1 is for adjusting the volume. The
negative feedback is formed by R, R11 and C4
- Current through R2 is the most important current.
Without this current, other polarizing currents will
disappear.
- Increasing R8 enhances the effect of negative
feedback and decrease gain. However, sound quality
will be improved. In contrast, decreasing RF decline
the quality.
ii. DC-analysis
Hanoi University of Science and
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Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

iii. AC-analysis
- The gain is 37
b. Push-pull
i. Schematic
- Q2 is push-pull stage. Output signal from Q1's
collector is directed to Q2's base. Diodes D1, D2, D3
are used to polarize this stage and immense signal
distortion Output signal is taken with resistor R7.
Feedback network with C3, R6 balances amplitude of
output signal. C5 acts as feedback, preventing the
circuit from unexpected oscillation.
ii. DC-analysis
iii. AC-analysis
c. Power amplifier
i. Schematic
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

- Q3 and Q4 form a power push-pull stage. When

output signal from Q2's C is at positive phase, Q3 on
and Q4 offs, and vice-versa. These mechanisms
improve productivity of the circuit to 78%. R8 and R9
compensate heat for transistors. D4 is used for
impedance compensation at output channel of Q4 and
Q6 at positive phase and of Q3 and Q4 at negative
phase.
- Q5 and Q6 are power transistors, supplying high
current for the speaker. At positive phase, while Q3
and Q5 on and Q4 and Q6 off, charging current to C6
is pushed to speaker. At negative phase, Q4 and Q6
on, Q3 and Q5 off, discharging current from C3 is
pushed to speaker. Hence, signal through Q5 and Q6
vibrate the membrane of the speaker, creating sound.
- C7, R10 compensate speaker for its impedance, so that
sound distortion is neglected. Impedance of the
speaker is 8 ohm at low frequency region and increase
when frequency becomes higher. At this time, Zobel
filter keep the impedance stable, avoiding power
distortion effect.
ii. DC-analysis
iii. AC-analysis
d. The circuit
i. Schematic
ii. DC-analysis
iii. AC-analysis
- The gain is 27.5
2. Calculation

IV. List of device

Components

Description

Quantity

Price

Total
Price
30.950VND

Resistor
Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, 2012

Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

9C04021A1502FLHF3
(15k Ohm)
9C04021A4702FLHF3
(47k Ohm)
ERA-3YEB152V (1.5k
Ohm)
ERA-3YEB472V (4.7k
Ohm)
ERA-3YEB102V (1k
Ohm)
9C04021A3300FLHF3
(330 Ohm)
9C04021A1600FLHF3
(160 Ohm)
9C04021A1200FLHF3
(120 Ohm)
ERJ-1WRQJ1R0U (1
Ohm)
325W-1-503LF (50k
Ohm)
Capacitor
HITEMP2200U25V
(2200uF)
ZL220U25V (220uF)
T510E107M025A
E050 (100uF)
B45197A5476K409
(47uF)
06032F104Z8B20D
(10uF)
PHYC0805X7R100N2
5 (0.1uF)
C0402C101J3GACTU
(100pF)

RES 15K OHM 1/16W 1% 0402

(1105 METRIC) SMD
RES 47K OHM 1/16W 5% 0402
(1005 METRIC) SMD
RES 1.5K OHM 1/16W .1%
0603 SMD
RES 4.7K OHM 1/10W .1%
0603 SMD
RES 1.0K OHM 1/10W .1%
0603 SMD
RES 330 OHM 1/16W 1% 0402
SMD
RES 160 OHM 1/16W 1% 0402
SMD
RES 120 OHM 1/16W 1% 0402
SMD
RES 1.0 OHM 1W5 5% 2512
(6432 METRIC) SMD
POT 50K OHM 1/2 INCH SQ
CERM SL MT
2200u 25V HIGH TEMP RADIAL
CAPACITOR
220u 25V RADIAL
ELECTROLUTIC CAPACITOR
CAP TANT 100uF 25V 20%
SMD
CAP TANT 47uF 25V 10%
LOESR SMD
CAP 10uF 25V CERAMIC Y5V
0603
100pF 25V NICKEL BARIER SMT
CERAMIC CAPACITOR
CAP CERMIC 100pF 25V NP0
042

50VND/Unit

100VND

50VND/Unit

100VND

50VND/Unit

50VND

50VND/Unit

100VND

50VND/Unit

50VND

50VND/Unit

100VND

50VND/Unit

50VND

50VND/Unit

50VND

50VND/Unit

50VND

5000VND/Unit

5000VND

2500VND/Un
it

2500VND

500VND/Unit

500VND

50VND/Unit

500VND

50VND/Unit

500VND

30VND/Unit

100VND

30VND/Unit

100VND

30VND/Unit

100VND

Transistor

Q2SC1815

TRANS PNP 50V 150MA TO-92

400mW 80MHz
TRANS NPN 50V 150MA TO-92
400mW 80MHz

TIP41C

SILICON NPN POWER

TRANSISTOR 65W 150OC

Q2SA1015

2
2
2

3000VND/Un
it
3000VND/Un
it
3000VND/Un
it

6000VND
6000VND
6000VND

Hanoi University of Science and

Technology, 2012

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Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Diode
1N4148WS-7

DIODE SWITCH 75V 200MW

SOD-323

500VND/Unit

2000VND

3.50mm (0.141", 1/8") -25C ~

85C 1A

500VND/Unit

1000VND

In/Output
Jack Audio 3.5mm

V. PCB layout
VI. Real circuit
VII. Test case
a. Frequency range of input signal
Purpose
Requirement

Expected result
Test conditions

Implementation
steps

Result
Tester
Note

Test the circuits working under the varying frequency

-Board circuit
-Software PIANO SINGER
-The circuit works stably
-The sound quality is good in the frequency range of 30Hz-15kHz
-Room temperature(25 Celsius degree)
-Vin = 0.15V AC
-Source: 24V
-Using software PIANO SINGER on IPhone to simulate the variable
frequency. Each note represents a different frequency
-Check whether if the note with respective frequency creates the
good sound or not

The frequency range varies from 30Hz to 12kHz

L Hng Nam
Trn Minh Qun
m Tin Long
-The parameter frequency doesnt match the specification
(expected 15kHz)

b. Voltage range of input signal

Hanoi University of Science and

Technology, 2012

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Electrical Engineering Advanced Program

Project Name: Sound Amplifier

Report 1

Purpose
Requirement
Expected result
Test conditions
Implementation
steps

Test the circuits working under the varying input AC voltage

-Board circuit
-Software Pspice
-The circuit works stably
-The sound quality is good in the voltage range of 0.05V to 0.2V
-Room temperature(25 Celsius degree)
-Frequency : 1kHz
-Source: 24V
-Using software PSpice to simulate the variable input AC voltage.
-Check whether if the output wave with respective input AC-voltage
has distortion or not

The voltage range is 0.01V to 0.19V

Result
Tester
Note

Nguyn c Minh (1736)

Nguyn c Minh (1737)
-The parameter input AC- voltage matches the specification
(expected 0.01V to 0.19V)
-The gain is 37 (expected 40)

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