STARTING METHODOLOGY OF INDUCTION MOTOR IT IS KNOWN THAT A 3 PHASE IM HAS POSITIVE FINITE STARTING TORQUEWHEN SLIP S=1.

THIS MEANS THAT 3 PHASE IM IS S SELF STARTING MOTOR AND BEGINS TO ROTATE ON ITS WHEN CONNECTED TOA 3 PHASE SOURCE AT THE INSTANT OF STARTING ,A 3 PHASE IM BEHAVES LIKE A TRANSFORMER WITH SHORT CIRCUIT SECONDARY.CONSEQUENTLY ,A 3 PHASE IM TAKES HIGH STARTING CURRENT IF STARTED AT FULL VOLTAGE.IN ORDER TO LIMIT THIS HIGH STARTING CURRENT TO REASONABLE VALUES,SOME METHODS ARE ADOPTED FOR THE STARTING OF 3 PAHSE IM. A) DIRECT-ON-LINE STARTING-AS THE NAME SUGGEST ,THIS METHOD INVOLVES THE DIRECT SWITCHING OF STATOR ON TO THE SUPPLY MAINS.THE MOTOR TAKES LOW POWER FACTOR STARTING CURRENT OF 5 TO 7 TIMES ITS FULL LOAD CURRTENT,DEPENDIGN UPON ITS SIZE AND DESIGN.SUCH LARGE CURRENT S OF SHORT DURATION DONT HARM THE RUGGED IM ,BUT THE HIGH CURRENT MAY CAUSE OBJECTIONABLE VOLTAGE DROP IN THE POWER SUPPLY LINES FEEDING TH IM.THESE LARGE VOLTAGE DROP CUSE UNDESIRABLE DIPS IN THE SUPPLY LINE VILTAGE,CONSEQUENTLY THE OPERATION OF OTHER EQUIPMENTD CONNECTED TO THE SAME SUPPLY LINE IS EFFECTED CONSIDERABLY.A COMMON EXAMPLE IS THE DIMMING OF LAMP AMD TUBE LIGHTS IN THE HOME AT THE INSTANT A REFRIGERATOR MOTOR STARTS.IF THE SUPPLY SYSTEM IS OF SUFFICIENT POWER CAPACITY AND THE LOW POWER FACTOR STARTING CURRENT DONT CAUSE OBJECTIONABLE VOLTAGE DIPS IN THE SUPPLY LINE VOLTAGE , THEN THE DOL STARTER SHOLUD BE PREFERRED. B) STATOR RESISTOR STARTER-IN THIS METHOD ,A RESISTOR OR A REACTOR IS INSERTED BETWEEN THE MOTOR TERMINAL AND THE SUPPLY MAIN.AT THE TIME OF STARTING,SOME VOLTAGE DROP OCCURS ACROSS THE STARTIN RESISTOR OR REACTOR AND THEREFORE ,ONLY A

FRACTION X(LESS THAN 1) OF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE APPEARS ACROSS THE STATOR TERMINAL.THIS REDUCES THE PER PHASE STARTING CURRENT DRAWN BY THE MOTOR FROM THE SUPPLY MAINS.AS THE MOTOR SPEEDS UP THE REACTOR IS CUT OFF IN STEPS AND FINALLY SHORT CIRCUITED WHEN THE MOTOR SPEED IS NEAR TO ITS OPERATING SPEED. C) AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTING-A FRACTION XV OF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE V IS APPLIED TO THE STATOR TERMINALS AT THE STARTING BY MEANSOF THE AUTO TX STARTER. D) STAR DELTA STARTER STARTING METHODOLOGY OF SM SM IS NOT SELF STARTING BECAUSE WHEN IT WANT TO MOVE AGAINST ITS INERTIA ,ITS FIELD DIRECTION CHANGE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION. A) AUXILIARY MOTOR STARTING(FOR NO LOAD START) 1) IM STARTINGNO. OF POLES IS SAME AS THAT OF SM STEPS A)ROTATION OF IM IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THAT OF SM REVOLVING FIELD. B) AT NORMAL SPEED,SWITCH ON STATOR SUPPLY OF SM. C)SWITCH ON EXCITATION OF SM,THE ROTOR WOULD GET LOCKED WITH STATOR FIELD AT SYNCHRONOUS SPEED. D)SWITCH OFF IM 2) DC MOTOR STARTING B)ON LOAD START 1) DAMPER WINDING STARTING-DAMPER BARS ARE PLACED IN THE POLE FACES AND SHORT CIRCUITED AT THE BOTH ENDS STEPS A)SWITCH ON STATOR SUPPLY OF SM

B) MOTOR STARTS AS IM BECAUSE OF DAMPER WINDING. C) AT THE NORMSL SPEED,SWITCH ON EXCITATION OF SM. D)ROTOR GETS LOCKED WITH STATOR FLUX AND MACHINE RUNS AS SM. 2)VARIABLE FREQUENCY START STEPS A)SWITCH ON STATOR SUPPLY AT LOW FREQUENCY. B) SWITCH ON EXCITATION C) ROTOR CATCHES UP WITH SLOWLY REVOLVING STATOR FLUX AND GETS LOCKED WITH IT. D) CONTINUE TO INCREASE FREQUENCY(AND VOLTAGE) TILL RATED SPEED AND VOLTAGE ARE OBTAINED.