Key Word Transformation

USE OF ENGLISH: KEYKEY-WORD TRANSFORMATION
Complete the second sentence using between two and five words including the word given. Do not
change that word in any way.
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE 1

1. May we borrow your ladder for half an hour?
mind
Would you................. ............................................ your ladder for half an hour?
2. "I'm not frightened," he said; in fact, he was terrified.
be
He pretended.................. ............................................................ frightened.
3. The Majestic is better than this hotel.
good
This hotel...... .............................................................................. the Majestic.
4. To enjoy travel, you must go on your own.
only
You.................. ...................................... enjoy travelling if you go on your own.
5. You were very generous, giving us all that money.
of
It was very generous........... ............................................... us all that money.
6. He was sorry he had asked the bank to lend him the money.
wished
He...................... ................................... asked the bank to lend him the money.
7. I haven't owned a car for five years now.
since
It is five years..... ................................................................................. a car.
8. Why didn't you warn me it was going to rain?
have
You.............. ............................................................. me it was going to rain.
9. Heavy smokers are more likely to suffer serious illness than non-smokers.
runs
A heavy smoker.............................................. serious illness than a non-smoker.
10.Even
though she knew she had to get up early, Mary still went to the disco.
10.
despite
Mary still went to the disco..... ................................. that she had to get up early.


1.The
dog is wagging its tail because it is trying to be friendly.
1.
friends
The dog is wagging its tail because it wants................................................ you.
2.It
2. is a good habit to save in case of hard times.
aside
It is a good habit to....................................................................... a rainy day.
3.My
3. mother-in-law has invited us to share her house.
moving
We............................................................................. my mother-in-law.
4.His
lack of interest surprised me.
4.
surprising
I................................................................... that he showed so little interest.
5.I
5. am sorry that I cannot come to the party.
miss
I am sorry............................................................................ the party.
6.It
6. is pointless to carry samovars to Samarkand.
point
There.................................................................. samovars to Samarkand.
7.The
path was so narrow they had to walk one behind the other along it.
7.
single
The path was so narrow they had to walk............................................. along it.
8.Small
children are full of mischief.
8.
sorts
Small children get............................................................................. tricks.
9."Can
you help me?" the old lady asked.
9.
could
The old lady asked.............................................................................. help her.
10.When
he was much older, he understood.
10.
until
It.............................................................. much older that he understood.


1.Ken
does not work half as much as he used to.
1.
hard
Ken used to work..................................................................... he does now.
2.The
experts thought that the cost of petrol would rise next year.
2.
expected
The cost of petrol......................................................................... next year.
3.Some
people who start smoking find it difficult to stop.
3.
always
It............... ........................................... to stop smoking once you have started.
4.If
4. he isn't careful, he is bound to end up in hospital.
him
His carelessness is bound.............................................................. in hospital.
5.Because
of his illness he could not work effectively.
5.
impossible
His illness ............................................................. . him to work effectively.
6.Scotsmen
will never give anything to waiters.
6.
tip
No........................................................................................... waiter.
7.Mary
said, I do not want to get married yet."
7.
rather
Mary protested that she.................................................................. married yet.
8.Mothers
must try hard to understand.
8.
best
Mothers must..................................................................... understanding.
9.The
younger you marry, the greater the chance you will be unhappy.
9.
likely
The younger you marry, the........................................................ be unhappy.
10.I
10. was wrong to argue with him.
mistake
.................................................................. to argue with him.


1.She
had not bought so much for a long time.
1.
since
It was a long time............................................................... much shopping.
2.Ken
arrived there twelve months ago.
2.
for
Ken.................................................................................................. year.
3.If
3. Mary hadn't failed her driving test, she wouldn't be unhappy.
pass
Mary is unhappy.............................................................. her driving test.
4.Rabbits
used to be more numerous.
4.
not
Rabbits............................................................................ they used to be.
5.His
new book has been widely criticised.
5.
lot
His new book has come............................................................ criticism.
6.His
secretary updated the list.
6.
brought
His secretary............................................................................................ date.
7.I
7. couldn't have managed it without your help.
not
If............................................................... your help, I couldn't have managed it.
8.Regular
exercise kept him healthy.
8.
owed
He....................................................................................... regular exercise.
9.He
9. couldn't lend us the car because it didn't belong to him.
his
The car............................................................................................ lend.
10.We
10. were not surprised when he won.
came
His winning.................................................................................... surprise.


1.It
1. was difficult for the yachtsman to steer into the wind.
got
The yachtsman....................................................................... into the wind.
2.I
2. couldn't have managed without your help.
been
If it...................................................... your help, I couldn't have managed.
3.We
3. had just arrived when it started to rain.
than
Hardly.............................................................................. it started to rain.
4.He
4. only did the work after he had been paid.
did
Not until he had been paid..................................................................... the work.
5.The
idea that the Scots are miserly is simply not true.
5.
truth
There.................................................. the idea that the Scots are miserly.
6.She
was too busy to see us.
6.
so
She was..................................................................................... see us.
7.It
7. is quite pointless to complain.
point
There................................................................................. complaining.
8.I've
never met anyone who works as hard as he does.
8.
man
He is the most............................................................................. met.
9.A
9. long speech is unlikely to be interesting.
little
There........................................................... a long speech being interesting.
10.It
10. was difficult to hear the speaker from the back of the room.
difficulty
From the back of the room, we...................................................... the speaker.


1.I don't really want to go out.
rather
I............. ................................................................................... home.
2.I
2. did it entirely by myself.
all
I did it......................................................................................... own.
3.You
should not be so shy.
3.
speak
You should................................................................................. yourself.
4.He
4. has been in hospital for six months.
went
It is six months...................................................................... hospital.
5.f
5. only he had been taken to hospital sooner.
pity
What..................................................................... taken to hospital earlier.
6.The
doctors tried very hard to save him.
6.
best
The doctors.............................................................................. to save him.
7.She
was surprised to find there was little she could do.
7.
surprise
She......................................................................... there was little she could do.
8.Only
Holland permits the smoking of marijuana.
8.
permitted
The smoking of marijuana............................................................... Holland.
9.The
salesman said he was sorry he was late for the meeting.
9.
apologised
The salesman............................................................. late for the meeting.
10.Our
decision has not yet been confirmed by head office.
10.
confirmation
We haven't............................................................................. head office.
ANSWERS
NOTE: YOUR SCORE: To be certain of an A grade in this paper, you need to score 80%; for a B grade, 70%; and for a passing C grade, 60%.
Sometimes the exercises are rather harder than in the actual examination; occasionally, they are easier.
EXERCISE 1
01. mind our borrowing/if we borrow/lending us
02. not to be
03. is not as/so good as
04. will/can only
05. of you to lend/give
06. wished he had not asked
07. since I owned
08. should have warned
09. runs more/a greater risk of
10. despite knowing/the fact
EXERCISE 4
01. since she had done so
02. has been there for a
03. that/because she did not pass
04. are not as numerous as/are less numerous than
05. in for a lot of
06. brought the list up to
07. it had not been for
08. owed his health to
09. was not his to
10. came as no
EXERCISE 2
01. to be/make friends with
02. put money/something aside for/against
03. are moving in with
04. found it surprising
05. (that) I shall (have to) miss, to miss
06. is no point (in/to) carrying
07. in single file
08. up to all sorts of
09. if I could
10. was not until he was
EXERCISE 5
01. got into difficulties steering
02. had not been for
03. had we arrived than
04. did he do
05. is no truth in
06. so busy she did not
07. was no point in
08. hard-working man I have (ever)
09. is little likelihood
10. had difficulty hearing
EXERCISE 3
01. twice as hard as
02. is expected to rise
03. is not always easy
04. to put him
05. made it impossible for
06. Scotsman will (ever) tip a
07. would rather not get
08. do their best to be
09. more likely you are to
10. It was a mistake/I made
EXERCISE 6
01. would rather stay at
02. all on my
03. speak up for
04. since he went into
05. a pity he was not
06. did their best
07. found to her surprise
08. is permitted only in
09. apologised for being
10. had (received) confirmation from

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USE OF ENGLISH: KEYKEY-WORD TRANSFORMATION