FMA401M/101/0/2009

READ BEFORE CONTACTING ANYBODY

TUTORIAL LETTER 101 FOR STUDENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS IV FOR 2009 FMA401M

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

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Table of Contents
1. 2. 3. WELCOME COMMUNICATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY 3 3

COMMUNICATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3 4 4 6

6 6 7 7 8

4. 5. 6.
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

COMMUNICATION WITH YOUR LECTURER SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT QUESTIONS - FAQ MODULE RECOURSES, INCLUDING STUDY MATERIAL
Tutorial letter (TL) correspondence Study Guide Textbooks On line resources Stationary

7.
7.1 7.2

ASSESSMENT IN THIS MODULE ~ ASSIGNMENTS

The Tuition System Assignments

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8 8

8. 9. 10.

EXAMINATIONS ERRATA IN CONCLUSION

10 10 10 11

ANNEXURE A ASSIGNMENTS

Copyright Unisa
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1.

Welcome

Welcome to the module, Fluid Mechanics IV (code FMA401M); offered by the Mechanical Engineering section in the School of Engineering at Unisa. This module is a 12-credit module, and an introduction to the field (equivalent to the National Quality Framework level 7). This module is part of the qualification, B. Tech in Engineering: Mechanical. This is your first tutorial letter (TL); read it carefully before you start studying. It provides you with an overview and specific information about this module. You should use it as a guideline to your studies in this course. This tutorial letter also provides you with general administrative information as well as specific information about the subject. Read it carefully and keep it safe for future reference. We trust that you will enjoy this course.

2.

Communication with the University

NATIONAL ENQUIRIES : Call Centre 0861 670 4111 INTERNATIONAL ENQUIRIES : Call Centre +27 11 670 9000
Contact addresses of the various administrative departments with their specialist functions are included in the booklet Unisa: Services and Procedures (which you received with your study package). This booklet explains the general contact with the various department of the university, each with its own function. The academic department and its lecturers are responsible for academic questions, but, because Unisa has so many students and uses distance education, many departments are necessary to deal with administrative questions, like assignments, examinations, funding, library books, or careers. As a student, you need to be able to scan books to find information; so, be familiar with the contents and mark important directions and information you may regularly refer to, like a Regional telephone number.

3. Communication with the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

You may contact the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering by post, e-mail, telephone, or online through myUnisa. Please refer to the booklet: Unisa: Services and Procedures

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Departmental Address: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Unisa (Florida Campus) Private Bag X6 Florida 1710 Phone: 011 471 2963 Use the general E-mail address: nkambule@unisa.ac.za Find our department on the Internet at the Online address : http://www.unisa.ac.za Always state your STUDENT NUMBER and your Module Code FMA401M in all correspondence and enquiries. Whenever you contact the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, ensure that the first thing you mention after greeting is your subject code! It does not help to say you are a student in Mechanical Engineering, lecturers deal with many modules.

4.

Communication with your Lecturer

Your lecturer is: Mr. D.S Mawisa Tel nr : 011 471 3293 Fax nr: 011 471 2142 e-mail : mawisds@unisa.ac.za Availability: Mondays to Fridays from 09h00 to 12h00 Please adhere to these hours only. Functions of the Lecturer: Enquiries about technical content. Set assignments. Mark assignments. Set examination papers. Mark examination papers Under no circumstances should the lecturer be contacted with regard to examination dates, results or receipt of assignment or assignment marks. Please contact the Call Centre to put you through to these departments.

5.

Summary of important Questions - FAQ

The table below explains fully where to find anything for this course. Please ensure that you read and understand this section very well.
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Ensure that you have received the Unisa booklet: Unisa: Services and Procedures and that you have familiarised yourself with its contents. Take special note of Unisas online internet facility: myUnisa, and ensure that you register, if possible. It has many benefits, inter alia that you can communicate with your fellow students on subject matters or submit assignments.
LOOKING FOR ? Study Material YOU CAN FIND IT HERE ! See Section 6 of this Tutorial Letter for the itemisation of all required study material. TAKE NOTE THAT !!! It is your responsibility to ensure that your have received all study material listed in this tutorial letter from Unisa, including any prescribed books, if applicable It is your responsibility to obtain the prescribed book(s) form the vendor of your choice, in time to do your assignment(s).

Prescribed Books Section 6

from

Recommended books from Section 6 Assignments : How many? When due? Submissions? Did UNISA receive my assignments? Where can I find the marks of my assignments? Study material required? Marking? Marks obtained? Examinations : Where can I find my year mark? When do I write the examination? Where do I write the examination? What are my examination results? General Enquiries All enquiries in connection with the Contents of courseware

See Section 6 as well as Services and Procedures booklet that gives a list of book suppliers country wide. Enquiries : 012 429 4152 Or send e-mail to : vospresc@unisa.ac.za See Section 6 Phone Call Centre, ask for Florida Library See Section 7 of this Tutorial Letter for all the Assignment requirements for this registration period.

As listed in Section 6.

It is your responsibility to ensure that you submit your assignments by the dates given in Section 7. Contact the Call Centre immediately if you have not received all the study material required, as per Section 6, to study and complete any assignment, It is your responsibility to ensure that you obtain your examination dates from the examination department, if they have not contacted you by the end of September.

See Section 8 of this Tutorial Letter for all the Examination requirements for this registration. All enquiries should be directed to the Call Centre or myUnisa.

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Call Centre Contact your lecturer when you are stuck on any part of the courseware content. This pertains to Theory, Practicals and Projects, as may be applicable.

Do not call your lecturer with any general enquiries!!! Your lecturer can help you with problems you encounter during assignments and studying, not with administrative matters. Do not contact the lecturer with administrative enquiries!

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6.

Module Recourses, including Study Material

For your self-study you need resources that may include guides, books, tutorial correspondence, articles, computer programmes, and stationary. The Department of Despatch should supply you with the tutorial matter for this course. Some of this tutorial matter may not be available when you register; if it is not available when you register it will be posted to you as soon as possible; so, keep track through your Inventory Letters. (When you register, you receive an inventory letter containing information about tutorial matter you should receive and which is outstanding). You should receive the following module resources: Unisa Services and Procedures booklet (included) Tutorial letters READ 101 AND 301 FIRST Stationary, Mark Reading Sheet, envelopes, module bar code stickers etc, as applicable Study guide/s (where applicable) Textbook/s names (where applicable) - (Textbooks are generally not provided by Unisa, students have to purchase it, if required, to from a bookseller) CDs/ CDRoms (where applicable) DVD/ DVDRoms (where applicable) Learner Pack (where applicable) Software Packages (where applicable) If you have not received your relevant Module Resources or study material from Unisa within one month of registration and payment, as may be applicable to your choice of registration, please contact the Call Centre and ask for DISPATCH in Pretoria, then ask for your study material. The study material for this course consists of:

6.1
6.1.1 6.1.2

Tutorial letter (TL) correspondence

This Tutorial letter, 101, as well as any subsequent tutorial letters you may receive during the year, with electronic copies online, on myUnisa. Tutorial Letter 301 - Introduction to the Qualification and Field, Assessment Planning & Preparation details (Assignments: Portfolio, Multiple-Choice Questions, Essays, Journal)

6.2

Study Guide
The guide to your studies is the first and main source of tuition to be studied in totality; a printed copy sent to you (with an electronic copy online on myUnisa). There is no study guide for this module.

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6.3

Textbooks
Prescribed textbook

Title: Author: Edition: Publisher: ISBN nr:

Applications of Fluid Mechanics Part 3 C F Meyer 3th Edition CFM Publications 0-620-30781-1

Sold @ R140-00 from the author. The books are available from Van Schaiks, Juta, Protea and Adams, bookshops although at their prices. The books could also be ordered from, the author and publisher, by paying the above shown amounts into this bank account: ABSA: 01018990659 and fax the deposit slip plus postal address and title of book to 086 600 8045 or email to conenannie@gmail.com . you can also confirm stock first by contacting 072 794 5045. For overseas students he would have to charge postal fees extra.

Please note that UNISA does not provide the textbook. You can source the textbook from your local bookshop or from the internet on the following websites: www.amazon.com or www.kalahari.net or www.loot.co.za. Your assignments in the prescribed textbook form a guide that will lead you through the course

6.4

On line resources
All course materials are available on myUnisa https://my.unisa.ac.za under the module course code under Materials. Discussion forums are set up by your lecturer and available for discussions with your peers https://my.unisa.ac.za Some additional electronic resources are available from the Library site (via www.unisa.ac.za). You may electronically post or upload your assignments in line with the guidelines explained in the booklet : Unisa: Services and Procedures. DO NOT EMAIL ASSIGNMENTS TO LECTURERS. DO NOT FAX ASSIGNMENTS. DO NOT SEND ASSIGNMENT IN FRAGMENTS, BUT SUBMIT THE COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT.
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6.5

Stationary
In order to be an active, participating student that uses self-study over a distance you may need the following writing materials: A4-notebook or Examination pad (with holes for filing) for note taking, assignment writing, or example or calculating activities. A ring binder with section dividers to compiling and filing your work, or for structuring a portfolio. A paper folder/binder for posting portfolios or bulky assignments (useful and cheap). Coloured marking pens and highlighter pens for emphasis, identification of key items, and mind-mapping or listing. Other stationary like pens, pencils, eraser, ruler, and more of your choice Calculator: Type : An engineering calculator such as an HP is advised, but not prescribed. The above stationary is for your own account and not provided by Unisa.

7.
7.1

Assessment in this module ~ Assignments

The Tuition System
This course is part of a year-long system, not a semester system.

7.2

Assignments
Your assignments will each receive a % mark, as per the table below. These marks are independent of the exam credit value. In order to qualify for sitting the examinations, you have to submit all three assignments. You will find your 3 (three) assignments for this subject in Annexure A at the back of this tutorial letter. All three Assignments are compulsory. Please submit all three assignments, duly completed, to UNISA before the closing dates stated in this section. The mark for Fluid Mechanics IV (FMA401M) is calculated as follows: The year mark contributes to 10% of final mark and is calculated:
Year mark = (Assignment 1 x 0.1)+(Assignment 2 x 0.45) + (Assignment 3 x 0.45)

The examination mark contributes to 90% of the final mark

The year mark is based on all the assignment marks obtained and their contribution towards the final year mark are as shown in the table below:

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ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 1 (Compulsory) 2 (Compulsory) 3 (Compulsory) TOTAL

CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS YEAR MARK 10 % 45 % 45 % = 100 %

CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EXAMINATION CREDIT 10 45 45 = 100 Credits

CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS FINAL SUBJECT MARK 1% 4.5% 4.5% = 10%

One hundred (100) credits are required for examination entrance! THE CUT-OFF SUBMISSION DATES FOR THE ASSIGNMENTS ARE : Assignment 1 1 May 2009 Assignment 2 1 June 2009 Assignment 3 1 July 2009 Note: The cut-off dates given here are the official, last dates on which a given assignment may be submitted. Students must adhere to these dates only. All other dates referring to cut-off submission dates for assignments, as may be posted on myUnisa or elsewhere, refers to administrative dates as managed by the Assignment Department and does NOT influence or change the above dates. VERY IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER :: IT IS COMPULSORY TO SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT 1 IN ORDER TO OBTAIN EXAMINATION ENTRANCE. NO LATE ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED. KEEP A CLEAR COPY OF ALL THE ASSIGNMENTS FOR YOUR OWN REFERENCE. THIS IS IMPORTANT, AS ASSIGNMENTS DO GET LOST. Submissions of all assignments must be in accordance to the booklet : Unisa: Services and Procedures The booklet : Unisa: Services and Procedures explains how you may submit assignments electronically. Note : if you choose to submit your assignments electronically, make sure that you have fixed your Excel or Word files in such a way that it will print on one page wide and not spill over on to a second page. The assignment section just prints the file, they no not check to see whether parts of a page are cut off It is your responsibility to check whether UNISA has received your assignment by contacting the Call Centre two (2) weeks after submission and ask whether they have received and recorded your assignment. Do not contact your Lecturer!!! Refer to point 6, above! If you have not received stationery such as assignment covers, bar codes, envelopes, do not contact your lecturer. Contact the call centre. you may submit the assignment typed or handwritten, even if you have not received the stationery, using an ordinary A4 envelope. Non-receipt of stationery will not be deemed as reason to obtain extension of time for submission by due dates.

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8.

Examinations

DIRECT ALL QUERIES RELATED TO EXAMINATIONS TO THE CALL CENTRE, ASKING FOR THE EXAMINATION DEPARTMENT. DO NOT CONTACT YOUR LECTURER WITH ANY EXAMINATION QUERIES. ENSURE YOU HAVE A VALID EXAMINATION TIME TABLE OR HAVE RECEIVED OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION OF EXAM ADMISSION WITH A DATE. EXAMINATION INFORMATION FOR FLUID MECHANICS IV (FMA401M) Type of examination Closed book Examination Duration 3 Hours Examination Language English Calculators allowed - Memories of programmable calculators must be cleared in the presence in invigilator prior to start Yes of the examination

Take note: You will be examined on both theory and worked examples.

9.

ERRATA

Should you encounter any mistakes or anomalies in the study material, please inform your lecturer.

10. IN CONCLUSION
We trust that you will enjoy your studies and we wish you every success.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNISA

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ANNEXURE A ASSIGNMENTS
GENERAL NOTES Do not attempt to do the assignment before you have studied your course material. There is no sense in copying an answer from the textbook or study material, and you do not understand the background. You get good marks for the assignment, and then fail the examination because you think you know the work while it was just a verbatim copy from the study material without any real understanding. Answer the questions in the correct order and ensure that the answers are clearly numbered. IF YOU SUBMIT YOUR ASSIGNMENT WITH THE QUESTIONS SCRAMBLED, YOU WILL GET ZERO MARKS! Ensure you read the question properly, and answer all subsections of the question. Please leave a line open between questions and subsections of questions. Make sure that your answers are clear and unambiguous. Explain your calculations and methods where necessary. Do NOT write in the right margin, it is there for marking and comments. Complete the assignment cover fully and CORRECTLY. Make sure that all the pages and diagrams of the assignment are included and stapled together. Take note of the way the assignment questions are divided into specific combinations of Study Units. Your examination questions will also follow the same format. Read your Study Guide no signs, no marks, not in the assignment, not in the practical, not in the examination!!!! Submission as per Services and Procedures booklet You may do your assignments using Excel or Word, should you so wish.

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ASSIGNMENT 1 (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1 For the pipe network shown below, determine the flow in each pipe using the Hardy Cross method. All pipe f = 0.03 and pipe diameters are 1 m and given flows are in m3/s. Perform three (3) iterations until you get delta Q equal to zero. You are required to show basic calculations.
30 D 20 A B E III II I F G H 15 35 C

Pipe AB BC CD FE DE

Length (m) 10 10 10 20 30

Pipe AH BG CF GF HG

Length (m) 30 30 30 20 20

[40] Question 2 Determine the flow rates for the pipe network system given in figure 1 below. The fvalue is given as 0.008 and the pipe lengths with diameters are given in the table below. Perform only two iterations for this problem.

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1 m3/s A

1 m3/s E III II B

1 m3/s

6 m3/s Pipe AE EB AC CE

F 1 m3/s

D 2 m3/s Pipe CF EF FD BD Length (m) 6 5.1 5 4.96 Diam. (m) 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 [30]

Length (m) 5 6 4.96 7.04

Diam. (m) 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3

Question 3 Determine the flow rate in each pipe of following network. Assume the f value is 0.004 and kept constant for all iterations. NB! ONLY TWO ITERATIONS NEEDED 2 m /s A I B II
3

3 m3/s E 5 m3/s

C 2 m3/s Pipe Length AB BD CD 4m 3m 4m

2 m3/s Length 3m 4m 5m Diameter 0.075 m 0.075 m 0.125 [30] [TOTAL MARKS = 100]
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Diameter 0.125 m 0.125 m 0.1 m

Pipe CA BE ED

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ASSIGNMENT 2 (COMPULSORY)
Question 1 The thrust force F of a boats propeller is known to depend upon the rotational speed N, the diameter D, the forward velocity V, the fluid density and the viscosity . Determine using the Rayleigh method a relationship between these quantities and F. [15] Question 2 The power input P to a centrifugal pump is assumed to be a function of volume flow rate Q, the pressure p delivered, the impeller diameter D, the rotational speed and the density and viscosity of the fluid. Use Buckinghams method to obtain dimensionless groups applicable to the situation. Show that the groups are indeed dimensionless. [15] Question 3 A model of an air ship is to be studied. The prototype is envisaged to be 8 m long with a diameter of 750 mm and the model is to be 300 mm long. What should the diameter of the model be? What should the diameter velocity in a wind tunnel be to simulate actual conditions? If the drag on the full model is found to be x N, what would the drag on the prototype be? [10] Question 4 An airplane is designed to fly at 260 m/s at 10 000 m. If one-tenth-scale model is tested in a pressurised wind tunnel at 200C, what should the tunnel pressure be to obtain both Reynolds and Mach number similarity? [10]

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Question 5 A towboat for barges is to be tested in a towing tank. The towboat model is built at a scale ratio of 1:13.5. dimensions of the model is overall length 3.5 m, beam (width) 1 m, and draft (depth) 190 mm. Estimate the average drag on the model at a speed relative to the water of 5 km/h [10] Question 6 A torpedo 600 mm diameter and length of 5 m moves in sea water at a speed of 90 km/h. Estimate the power required to overcome skin drag if = 0.5 mm. State all the assumptions you made. [10] [TOTAL MARKS = 70]

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ASSIGNMENT 3 (COMPULSORY)
Question 1 A lead ball 25 mm in diameter hangs from a thin string in a wind tunnel. The air velocity past the ball is 25 km/h. Determine the angle that the string makes with the vertical. Take air density as 1.2 kg/m3, viscosity 18.2 x 10-6 Pa.s. Relative density of lead is 11.35. [13] Question 2 A PVC pipe of internal diameter 50 mm is 150 m long and conveys air at 100 kPa and 200C. If the entrance velocity is 30 m/s, determine the conditions at its exit. Assume no heat transfer is taking place but do account for friction. [20] Question 3 A 9 m long pole for lighting has a square section. At its base the pole is 150 x 150 mm and it tapers to the top to 50 x 50 mm. The wind past the pole is 100 km/h. Determine the bending moment at the base of the pole for both the major wind direction. (Hint: Use the midpoint dimensions as the nominal dimensions). [12] Question 4 Air flows through a pipe of 150 mm diameter and length 300 m. The mass flow rate is 4.5 kg/s. The pressure at entry is 500 kPa and at the exit 125 kPa. Assuming the flow to be isothermal at 600C and the friction factor to be constant, determine the friction factor, the heat transfer rate to the air in the pipe in Watts and the Mach number at the exit. [18] [TOTAL MARKS = 60]
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