Block diagram:

Circuit diagram:

EX NO: 9 AIM:

DIRECT SEQUENCE CDMA

To generate the direct sequence CDMA and to verify its operation. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: SNO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 COMPONENTS D flip flop Ex or CDMA kit Digital supply CRO RPS Bread board Connecting wires 0-15V IC 7486 SPECIFICATION QUANTITY 2 1 1 1 1 1 required

THEORY: Code division multiple access is a channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies. It should be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdma one and cdma 2000 which use cdma as an underlying channel access method. One of the basic concepts of attaining several transmitters to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a bandwidth of different frequencies. This concept is called multiplexing. CDMA employs spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over some physical channel. By contrast time division multiplexing divides access by time, while FDMA divides the axes by frequency.CDM is a form of spread spectrum signaling, since the modulated coded signal has much higher data bandwidth than the data being communicated. TRUTH TABLE: clock 0 1 2 3 A 1 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 C 0 0 1 0 Output 0 0 1 0 Coded o/p 1 1 0 0

4 5 6 7

1 0 0 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 0

1 1 1 0

0 0 0 1

PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. All the flip flop are closed and the first flip flop is set. 3. Clock is given continuously and transistor modes are clocked. 4. Data signal is given at 4th pin of EXOR gate. 5. At the 6th pin of EXOR gate the coded data is obtained and at the 8th pin the obtained. 6. The waveform are observed on CRO. data can be

Model Graph

Tabular column: Output Clock pulse PRBS o/p Coded output when input is high Coded output when input is low output Amp(v) Time(ms)

Result: The Direct sequence CDMA circuit is constructed and the output is verified