McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

5-1
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
KHOA VIN THNG I

N TT NGHIP I HC

NG DNG GIN ANTEN THCH NG CHO
THNG TIN DI NG CDMA


Gio vin hng dn: ThS. Phm Th Thy Hin
Sinh vin thc hin: V Xun i
Lp: D2001 VT
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-2
NI DUNG N
Gii thiu ti
I. Tng quan v thng tin di ng CDMA:
Gii thiu v thng tin di ng v Cng ngh CDMA
II. Gin anten thch ng
- Gii thiu chung v anten thng minh,
- Gin anten thch ng: cu trc, thut ton,
III. ng dng AAA cho CDMA:
Cho h thng DS-CDMA v DS-CDMA a m a tc
Kt lun
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-3
GII THIU TI
L do chn ti:
- S pht trin ca thng tin di ng
- Nhu cu s dng cc thit b thu pht thng minh
Mc ch ca ti: Nghin cu cc thit b thu
pht thng minh, ng dng cho CDMA
Ngun ti liu: cc loi sch trong th vin, cc
sch v ti liu t cc ngun khc, c bit l t
Internet.
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-4
GII THIU TI
L do chn ti:
- S pht trin ca thng tin di ng
- Nhu cu s dng cc thit b thu pht thng minh
Mc ch ca ti: Nghin cu cc thit b thu
pht thng minh, ng dng cho CDMA
Ngun ti liu: cc loi sch trong th vin, cc
sch v ti liu t cc ngun khc, c bit l t
mng Internet.
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-5
1. Cc h thng thng tin di ng
H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht: s dng
k thut truyn dn tng t (Analoge).

H thng thng tin di ng th h hai (2G): GSM
s dng c hai cng ngh a truy nhp FDMA v
TDMA vi di tn s dng l 900 MHz.

H thng thng tin di ng Th h th 3: ng dng
cng ngh CDMA, lm vic di tn 2 GHz cho
php cung cp rt nhiu dch v tc thp cng
nh tc cao
I. THNG TIN DI NG CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-6
2. CDMA v thng tin di ng tri ph
Cc phng php tri ph: Tri ph chui trc tip,
tri ph nhy tn v tri ph nhy thi gian
Tri ph chui trc tip DSSS: thc hin tri ph bng
cch nhn tn hiu ngun vi chui gi ngu nhin

H thng TTD CDMA: cho cht lng truyn dn
cao tit kim tn s, v ph hp vi cc kiu d liu

C 4 cu trc mng CDMA c a ra l : release 3,
release 4, release 5 v release 2000
I. THNG TIN DI NG CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-7
- Anten thng minh: h thng anten c cu to c
bit lm tng s lin kt gia cc thit b

- Nguyn l hot ng ca anten thng minh
H thng anten gm nhiu phn t kt hp vi
DSP cho php thay i th bc x cho ph hp
vi h thng.

- Phn loi:
Anten chuyn bp v Gin anten thch ng
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
II. GIN ANTEN THCH NG
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-8


Gin anten thch ng (AAA - Adaptive Array
Antena) l h thng gm gin chn t anten v
b x l thch ng thi gian thc t ng
iu khin bp sng thng qua cc tiu chun
la chn thut ton


Gii thiu chung
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-9
x
1
(t)
x
2
(t)
x
M
(t)
Hnh 2.4 Gin anten thch ng M phn t
Cc bp sng
.
Chn t
anten
1
2
M
B x l thch ng
Tn hiu ra
y(t)

X l
tn hiu
iu khin
thut ton

M

Cu trc AAA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-10
Xt gin M chn t
Tn hiu nhn c ti chn t th m l:



Tn hiu thu c cho ngi dng th i:



Dng tn hiu
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
u

t
sin ) 1 (
2
). ( ) (
d m j
m
e t s t x

=
, , , ,
1
( ) ( ) ( )
i
Pi
i i p i p i p i p
p
x t a s t o u t
=
=

McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-11

To bp sng: Da vo d liu u vo iu
chnh to ra bp sng pht ph hp vi hng
thu ca thit b.
Tn hiu u ra c dng:
y(t) =
H
x(t) (2.9) (2.15)

To bp sng
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-12
Tiu chun la chn hiu nng
1. Bnh phng trung bnh li nh nht (MMSE)

MMSE
= R
xx
-1
r
xr
2. T s tn hiu trn tp m v nhiu ln nht (MSINR)

MSINR
= R
uu
-1
a()
3. dao ng nh nht (MV)

MV
= R
uu
-1
a()
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-13
Thut ton thch ng
1. Bnh phng trung bnh ti thiu (LMS)

(n+1) = (n) + x(n)e
*
(n) (2.44)

2. quy bnh phng ti thiu(RLS)

(n+1) = (n-1) + q(n)[r
*
(n) +
H
(n-1)x(n) (2.53)

3. Nghch o ma trn mu (SMI)

(n)

= R
xx
-1
(n).r
xr
(n) (2.55)
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-14
1. Ci thin cht lng tn hiu
SINR
out
[dB] = 10log
10
M + 10 log
10
2 + SINR
in
[dB]
2. M rng phm vi truyn tin



3. Tit kim cng sut pht:
Nh vo vic lm tng khuch i ca anten pht
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
Li ch ca gin anten thch ng
2
2
REF
r
ECF =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
conv
array
r
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-15
III. GIN ANTEN THCH NG
CHO H THNG CDMA
1. Cc k thut ca anten thng minh cho h thng
CDMA
2. ng dng cho h thng DS-CDMA
3. ng dng AAA cho h thng DS-CDMA a
m, a tc
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-16
a tr

n
ngi dng

a
ngi dng

Khng lin kt

Lin kt

c lp

Dng chung

n ngn

a ngn

n tr

X l khng
gian CDMA

ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
1. Cc k thut ca anten thng minh
cho h thng CDMA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-17
2. Gin anten thch ng cho
h thng DS-CDMA
1. Cu hnh h thng gin thch ng cho DS-CDMA
2. Dng tn hiu
3. T s tn hiu trn nhiu SNIR
4. So snh vi my thu RAKE
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-18
2. Gin anten thch ng cho
h thng DS-CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
+
s(t)
n
1
(t)
x(t)
K
Z
-1
Z
-1
K
K
n
2
(t)
+
s(t)
x(t)
+
s(t)
x(t)
+
+
X
X
X
+ +
F
F
T
FFT
M
tri ph
Dng tn hiu
yu cu
X
X
X
...
+
+
+
I
F
F
T
y(t)
X
1
(1)
X
1
(2)
X
1
(K
)
f
1
f
2
f
K
y
1
(t)
y
2
(t)
y
K
(t)
+
-
+
-
n
M
(t)
Trong :
FFT: Bin i Fourier nhanh
IFFT: Bin i ngc Fourier nhanh
Hnh 3.6 Gin anten thch ng cho DS-CDMA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-19
2. Dng tn hiu
Khi c U ngi s dng, trong mi trng pha inh a
ng, tn hiu nhn c trn gin c dng


Vct tng quan c dng:
Vct trng s xc nh theo:
Tn hiu u ra mi knh xc nh bi: y
k
(t) = y
T
.c
0
*
2. Gin anten thch ng cho
h thng DS-CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT

=
+ =
U
i
P
p
p i p i i p i i p i
i
t n a t c t b t x
1
1
0
, , , ,
) ( ) ( ). ( ). ( . ) ( u t t o
{ }
* ) ( ) ( ) (
)
~
(
~ ~
n n n
r x p c =
) ( 1 ) ( ) (
~
)
~
(
~
n n n
p R

= e
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-20
3. SINR
SINR c tnh thng qua h s tng quan cho:





Khi :

2. Gin anten thch ng cho
h thng DS-CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT


= =
=
=
K
l
l
K
l
l
K
l
l l
t r t y
t r t y
1
2
1
2
1
*
} | ) ( | { . } | ) ( | {
} ) ( ). ( {
c c
c

2
2
| | 1
| |
SINR

=
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-21
4. So snh vi my thu RAKE
i vi knh truyn thng n ng: C cng
hiu nng, v c SINR l tng ng

Knh pha inh chn la tn s a ng: Hai
thit b ny cng cho kt qu tng ng

phc tp ca tnh ton: C thut ton n
gin hn nhiu
2. Gin anten thch ng cho
h thng DS-CDMA
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-22
3. Gin anten thch ng cho h
thng DS-CDMA a m, a tc
1. Th h DS-CDMA a m a tc
2. Cu hnh SBAA cho h thng DS-CDMA
a m
3. Dng tn hiu
4. T s SINR


ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-23
3. Gin anten thch ng cho h
thng DS-CDMA a m, a tc
1. Th h DS-CDMA a m a tc
- Trong h thng DS-CDMA, d liu truyn dn c
tch thnh cc lung tn hiu, tri ph v truyn i bi
cc m khc nhau cng mt di
- Cho php truyn d liu vi tc khc nhau, p ng
ti cc lp dch v
- Tn hiu truyn dn c cho bi:


ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT

=
=
Q
i
q l i q l i q l
t c t b t s
1
, , , , ,
) ( ). ( ) (
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-24
`
+
s(t)
n1(t)
x(t)
K
Z
-1
Z
-1
K
K
n2(t)
+
s(t)
x(t)
+
s(t)
x(t)
+
+
X
X
X
+
+
F
F
T
FFT
Gin con lin kt
X
X
X
...
+
+
+
I
F
F
T
X
1
(1)
X
1
(2)
X
1
(K
)
f1
f2
fK
y 1(t)
y 2(t)
y K(t)
+
-
+
-
nM(t)
Trong :
FFT: Bin i Fourier nhanh
IFFT: Bin i ngc Fourier
nhanh
Hnh 3.9 Cu trc cho DS-CDMA a m a tc
q
q
q
T
q
T
q
...
+
+
+
M
ngi dng
q
q
q
T
m
T
m
...
+
+
Tng v gii tri ph
Tn hiu
hoa tiu
To tn
hiu
nhiu
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-25
3. Dng tn hiu
Tn hiu thu c:



P
l,q
: l s ng n
Tn hiu u ra:
3. Gin anten thch ng cho h
thng DS-CDMA a m, a tc
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT

= = =
+ =
Q
q
K
l
P
p
q l p q l p q l p q l p
q q l
t n a t s t x
1 1 1
, , , , , , , ,
,
) ( ) ( ). ( . ) ( u t o

=
=
q
K
i
q l i
T
k
c t y t y
1
*
, ,
). ( ) (
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-26
4. SINR
Tng t ta cng c:



V SINR xc nh theo:
3. Gin anten thch ng cho h
thng DS-CDMA a m, a tc
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT


= =
=
=
K
l
l
K
l
l
K
l
l l
t r t y
t r t y
1
2
1
2
1
*
} | ) ( | { . } | ) ( | {
} ) ( ). ( {
c c
c

2
2
out
1
SINR

=
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-27
KT LUN
Kt qu t c:
- Tng quan v thng tin di ng CDMA & Thit b
thu pht thng minh, c bit l AAA
- a ra ng dng ca AAA i vi h thng CDMA
Hn ch: n mi ch dng li l thuyt
Hng pht trin:
- Xy dng cc chng trnh m phng AAA cng
nh ng dng AAA i vi CDMA
- Pht trin vi h thng thc t
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-28
XIN CHN THNH CM N!!
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-29
Cng thc La chn hiu nng
r
xr
= {x
*
(t).r(t)} : gi l Vct tng quan
R
xx
= {x(t).x
H
(t)} : gi l Ma trn thng k.
R
uu
= {u(t).u
H
(t)}
a(): l vct p ng ca gin ng vi gc ti
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT
2
( ). . {| ( ) | }
H
opt
MSINR
a s t
SINR
u e c
| =
H
1
a( )
( ) ( )
MV
H
uu
a R a
e u
|
u u

=
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-30
Cng thc Thut ton thch ng

l tham s iu khin hi t

e
*
(n) = r*(n) y*(n)



l h s qun 0 < < 1

max
1
1

< <
) ( ) 1 ( ) ( 1
) ( ) 1 (
) (
1 1
1 1
n x n R n x
n x n R
n q
xx
H
xx
+

=

ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT

McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-31
CT Dng tn hiu
Tn hiu trn cc chn t
s(t): tn hiu ti chn t gc
d: Khoch cch gia hai chn t lin k
a(): l vct p ng ca gin ng vi gc ti
Tn hiu vi ngi dng:
s
i,p
(t): l tn hiu ca ngi dng th i khi c phainh.

i,p
: l bin tn hiu tng hp.

i, p
: l gc ti.
P
i
: l Pha inh nhiu ng

i, p
: l thi gian tr.
ng dng gin anten thch ng cho CDMA V Xun i - D2001VT