Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
BELT
Used to transmit power from one shaft to another
by means of pulley. The amount of power transmitted depends upon the following factor 1.Velocity of the belt 2.Tension under which belt is placed in pulley. 3.Condition under which belt is used.
avoid arc of contact, increasing friction load on the bearing . The long belt tends to swing, causing the belt to run out of the pulley. In flat belt the maximum distance between pulley not more than 10 m/s & minimum should be less than 3.5 times the diameter of the pulley.
10m/s ex. small machine tools. MEDIUM DRIVE: Transmit power at belt speed between 10m/s to 22m/s HEAVY DRIVES: Transmit power at belt speed above 22 m/s (ex) compressor, generator
TYPES OF BELT
FLAT BELT
POWER MODERATE AMOUNT OF POWER IS TO TRANSMITTED TWO PULLEYS ARE NOT MORE THAN THE 8 METERS APART
V BELT
MODERATE AMOUNT OF POWER IS TO TRANSMITTED TWO PULLEYS ARE VERY NEAR TO EACH OTHER
DISTANCE
APPLICATION
WORK SHOP WORKSHOP WORKSHOP AND FACTORIES AND FACTORIES AND FACTORIES
BALATA BELTS
BALATA GUM IS USED IN PLACE OF RUBBER THEY ARE ACID PROOF AND WATER PROOF
HAIR SIDE SHOULD HAVE CONTACT WITH PULLEY WHERE TENSION IS MAXIMUM
THIS BELT SHOULD NOT BE AT TEMPERATURE ABOVE 40C AT THIS TEMP.IT IS SOFTEN AND STICKY
THUS THE TENSION IN LOWER SIDE WILL BE MORE THAN UPPER SIDE THE LOWER SIDE IS KNOWN AS TIGHT SIDE AND UPPER SIDE AS SLACK SIDE
BELTS CROSS EACH OTHER WEAR AND TEAR OCCURS SHAFT SHOULD BE PLACED MAX DISTANCE 20B WHERE B IS WIDTH OF BELT AND SPEED OF SHOULD BE LESS
POWER IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE SHAFT TO ANOTHER SHAFT THROUGH NUMBER OF PULLEY
CHANGE THE SPEED OF THE FOLLWER SHAFT WHILE DRIVER SHAFT IS RUNNING AT CONSTANT SPEED
IT IS ACOMPLISHED BY SHIFTING THE BELT FROM ONE PART OF STEP TO OTHER
IT IS USED WHEN THE FOLLOWER OR MACHINE SHAFT IS TO BE STARTED OR STOPPED WITHOUT INTERFERING THE DRIVING PULLEY
IN THIS CASE THE PULLEY KEYED WITH MACHINE SHAFT IS CALLED FAST PULLEY AND LOOSE PULLEY RUNS FREELY OVER THE MACHINE WITHOUT TRANSMITING POWER
S1% = Slip between the driver and the belt S2% = Slip between the belt and the follower Velocity of the belt passing over the driver per second V = d1.N1 d1.N1 * s1 i 60 60 100 = d1.N1 1 s1 60 100 Velocity of the belt passing over the follower d2.N2 = v v * s2/100 60 = v ( 1- s2/100) ii Substituting ii in i we get d2.N2/60 = d1.N1/60(1-s1/100) ( 1- s2/100 )
d2.N2/60 = d1.N1/60(1-s2/100s1/100+s1*s2/100*100) N2/N1 = d1/d2 ( 1- s2/100 s1/100) N2/N1=d1/d2 (1- s1+s2 ) 100 N2/N1 = d1/d2 ( 1- s/100) where s=s1+s2 ( total % of slip ) If thickness is considered N2/N1 = d1+t/d2+t ( 1- s/100)
POWER TRANSMITTED BY THE BELT It has been already discussed that driver pulley pulls the belt from one side to the other side. Tension on the tight side is greater than the tension on the slack side. Let T1,T2 = Tension in the tight and slack side respectively in Newton's R1 and r2 = Radius of the driver and the follower V = velocity of the belt in m/s Effective turning force at the circumference of the follower is the difference in the tensions ( T1-T2) Work done per second = ( T1-T2)*v N-m/s
= Co efficient of increase of the belt length per unit force A little consideration will show that the increase of tension in the tight side = ( T1 T0 ) Length of the belt on the tight side = ( T1 T0 ) Decrease of tension in the slack side = ( T0 T2 ) Decrease in the length of the belt on the slack side = ( T0 T2 ) Assuming that length of the belt remains constant when both in rest and in motion, therefore length of the belt in tight side is equal to the length of the belt in the slack side ( T1 T0 ) = ( T0 T2 ) T0 = T1+T2 2
V BELT DRIVE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
It is used when amount of power to be transmitted between two pulley is very near to each other. It is made up of fabric and cords moulded in rubber covered with fabric and rubber. The belts are made up of trapezoidal shape. The included angle of the v belt is usually 30 - 40s In case of flat belt the belt runs over the pulley but in the case of the V- belt the rim of the pulley is grooved in which the belts run over. The effect of the groove is to increase the frictional grip of the v-belt and to reduce the tendency of the slipping. Clearance is provided at the bottom of the groove to prevent the touching to the bottom as it becomes from wear. V-belt may be inclined at any angle which may be tight at the top or bottom In order to increase the power output several v-belt may be operated side by side .
10.In multiple v belt drive all the belt should stretch at the same rate so that the load is equally divided between them. 11.When one set of the belt breaks the entire set should be changed. 12.If only one belt is replaced the new unworn and unstressed belt will be more tightly stretched and move with different velocity.
because the slip between belt and groove is neglible. Longer life 3 to 5 years Can be easily installed and removed More power is transmitted in v belt May be operated in either direction tight side at the top or bottom
large centre distance. Construction for the vbelt pulley is more complicated than the flat belt. Belt life is greatly influenced with the temperature change,improper belt tension and mismatching of belt lengths Prevents use of v-belt below speed of 5 m/s and above 50 m/s
ROPE DRIVE
ROPE DRIVE IS USED WHEN LARGE AMOUNT
OF POWER IS TO BE TRANSMITTED. FRICTIONAL GRIP IN THE ROPE DRIVE IS MORE THAN THAT IN THE V DRIVE NUMBER OF SEPARATE DRIVE IS TAKEN FROM THE ONE DRIVING PULLEY IT USES FOLLOWING TWO TYPES OF ROPE Wire rope = When pulleys are about 60 mts apart. Fibre rope = when pulleys are about 150 mts apart.
HEMP,MANILA AND COTTON. SINCE HEMP,AND MANILA ARE ROUGH THE ROPE MADE UPOF THIS IS NOT FLEXIBLE AND POOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES HEMP AND MANILA ROPES ARE BENT OVER THE PULLEY ,CAUSING THE ROPE TO WEAR.
USED IN ELEVATOR,CRANES,C ONVE YOR. IT RUNS OVER THE GROOVED PULLEY BUT REST ON THE BOTTOM OF THE GOOVES. LIGHTER IN WEIGHT OFFER SILENT OPERATION WITHSTAND SHOCK LOADS
IN ORDER TO
DO NOT FAIL
MINIMIZE THIS DEFECT IT IS LUBRICATED WITH TAR,TALLOW OR GRAPHITE THE LUBRICANT ALSO MAKE ROPE MOISTURE PROOF SUITABLE ONLY FOR HAND OPERATED HOISTING MACHINERY. COTTON ROPES ARE SMOOTH AND SOFT
CHAIN DRIVE
IN ORDER TO AVOID THE SLIPPING DURING THE
TRANSMISSION THE STEEL CHAINS ARE USED. MADE UP OF RIGID LINKS WHICH ARE HINGED TOGETHER IN ORDER TO PROVIDE NECESSARY FLEXIBILITY FOR MOVING ROUND THE DRIVING AND DRIVEN PULLEY WHEELS HAVING THE PROJECTING TEETH AND THE CHAINS ARE FIXED INTO THE CORRESPONDENCE TEETH . THE WHEELS AND THE CHAIN ARE CONSTRAINED TO MOVE TOGETHER WITHOUT SLIPPING. THE TOOTHED WHEEL ARE KNOWN AS SPROCKET WHEEL WHICH RESEMBLE TO SPUR GEAR. TRANSMIT MOTION WHEN DISTANCE BETWEEN
DISADVANTAGE
PRODUCTION COST
PLACE MADE UP OF METAL OCCUPY LESS SPACE USED WHEN DISTANCE BETWEEN SHAFT IS LESS HIGH TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY GIVES LESS LOAD ON
OF CHAIN IS HIGH NEED ACCURATE MOUNTING AND MAINTENANCE HAS VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS.
BETWEEN THE HINGE CENTRE OF A LINK AND THE CORRESPONDING CENTRE OF THE ADJACENT LINK.
OF THE CIRCLE ON WHICH THE HINGE CENTRE OF THE CHAIN LIE WHEN CHAIN IS WRAPPED ROUND THE SPROCKET