Diastole

Sistole

Atrial Systole
Electrical depolarization of the atria

80% of blood flows directly from atria to ventricles

20% of blood added to ventricules after atria contraction

Contraction of the atrial muscle Atrial pressure increases

More blood flow across the open AV valve

Rapid flow of blood into the ventricles

Completion of atrial contraction

Fall of atrial pressure

Reversal across of pressure gradient through the AV valves

Float upward of the valves before closure

Ventricular volumes are maximal = end-diastolic volume

Isovolumetric Contraction
Ventricular depolarization

Increase in intraventricular pressure

Rate of pressure becomes maximal

As intraventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure the AV valves close = first heart sound

Contraction of the papillary muscles (prevent the AV valve leaflets from bulging back into the atria)

Rapid ejection
Intraventricular pressures exceed the pressures within the aorta and pulmonary artery

Aortic and pulmonic valves open

Ejection of blood

Late ejection
Repolarization leads to a decline in ventricular active tension and therefore the rate of ejection (ventricular emptying) falls.

Isovolumetric Relaxation
When the intraventricular pressures fall Aortic and pulmonic valves abruptly close = second heart sound

Isovolumetric relaxation

All Valves Closed

Rapid Filling

Intraventricular pressures fall below atrial pressures

AV valves rapidly open

Ventricular filling begins

Intraventricular pressure continues to fall (the ventricles are still undergoing relaxation)

Ventricles are completely relaxed

Pressures slowly rise (as they fill with blood from the atria)

Diastasis
As the ventricles continue to fill with blood and

Less compliant

Intraventricular pressures rise

Rate of filling falls

90% filled by the end of this phase Aortic pressure and pulmonary arterial pressures continue to fall during this period