Scurtu Ioan Istoria A A Romaniei 19182005

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argrsxn133\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
)Retragerea trupelor sovietice (1958) ....................................}\tab
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {134}\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {b)}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desovietizarea Romniei. Declara\uc
1\u355Xia din aprilie 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {964 }\par\pard\li3960\ri0\sl
-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {142}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {8.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Societate
a romneasc\uc1\u259X n perioada}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1964-1974}\b0
\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica intern\uc1\u259X; liberalizarea si limitele ei
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {...........}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {146}\
par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b)}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Politica extern\uc1\u259X; implicarea Romniei n marile }\par\pard\li
3746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {probleme}\par\pard\li3973\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale lumii ................
.............................................................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {149}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {9.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Anii cultului personalit\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {(1974-1989)}\b0 \par\pard\li3733\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Situa\uc1\u355Xia intern\uc1\u259X: realiz\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ri si crize ...............................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {152}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b)}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica extern\uc1\u259X. Schimbarea raportului de for\
uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li3960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe p
lan}\par\pard\li3960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {int
erna\uc1\u355Xional }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {...............................
..................................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {157}\par\par
d\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c)}\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Revolu\uc1\u355Xia din Decembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
89 ..................................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {159}\par\
pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d)}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Bilan\uc1\u355X dup\uc1\u259X patru decenii }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {.........................................}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {165}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10.}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Evolu\uc1\u355Xii dup\uc1\u259X Revolu\uc1\u355X

ia din Decembrie }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1989}\b0 \par\pard\li3733\ri
0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)Revenirea la regimul dem
ocratic, pluripartidist ..................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {172}
\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b)}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9
91. Alegerile din 1992 .....................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17
8}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c)}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Noi confrunt\uc1\u259Xri politice. \uc1\u8222XSchimbarea" din 1
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {996 }\par\pard\li3933\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {184}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {d)}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evolu\uc1\u355Xii politice n anii }
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000-2005................................}\tab \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {190}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {11.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Locul Romniei n Europa dup\u
c1\u259X anul }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1900}\b0 \par\pard\li3720\ri0\s
l-333\slmult0 \*\tx9093\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)La nceput de secol .......
.....................................................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {199}\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {b)Marea Unire din 1918 ...................................................
....}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {200}\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*
\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c)}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia interbel
ic\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {....................................
.............}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {202}\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-226\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d)Sfsierea Romniei Mari. Participarea la cel de
-al doilea}\par\pard\li3946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {........................
.......................................}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {206}\pa
r\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e)Sovietiz
are si desovietizare .................................................}\tab \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {210}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {f)}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Revolu\uc1\u355Xie si ref
orm\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.....................................
..............}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {213}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \*\tx9080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Bibliografie selectiv\uc1\u259X }
\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {..............................................
............}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {216}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsx
n12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li4360\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4360\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li4360\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4360\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {INTRODUCERE}\i0 \par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slm
i2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Anul 1918 }\i0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {a marcat ncheierea procesului de formare a }\i0 \par\pard\li
1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {statului na\uc1\u355Xion
al unitar romn, ca urmare a Unirii }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Basarabiei, Bucovinei si Transilvaniei
cu patria-mam\uc1\u259X. }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa P\uc1\u259X}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {cii de la Paris a confirmat, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {prin tratate }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {interna\uc1\u355Xionale, destr\uc1\u259Xmarea imperiilor multina\uc1
\u355Xionale din }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {Europa si apari\uc1\u355Xia de noi state sau ntregirea teritorial\uc1\u2
59X a }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {alt
ora, ntre care }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {si Romnia.}\i0 \par\pard\li2466\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia \uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xrii noastre n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X a }\i0 \par\pard\

li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {demonstrat c\uc1\u259X a
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ctele }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de
Unire au avut consecin\uc1\u355Xe pozitive }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {asupra ntregii societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, pe
multiple }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {planuri: economic, cultural, }\i0 \p
ar\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {politic etc.}\i0
\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Sf\uc1\u259Xrm
area integrit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii teritoriale a statului romn }\i0 \
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {prin notele }\i
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ultimative sovietice, din iunie 1940, si prin di
ctatul de la }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {Viena, din luna }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {august a aceluiasi an, a
creat o situa\uc1\u355Xie dificil\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {tuturor romnilor, dar mai ales celor c\uc1\u
259Xzu\uc1\u355Xi sub ocupa\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sovietic\uc1\u259X si maghiar\uc1\u259X.}\i0 \par
\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {In iunie 1941,
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia a intrat n r\uc1\u259Xzboi al
\uc1\u259Xturi de }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {Germania }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {mpotriva Uniunii Sovi
etice, cu scopul de a elibera }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Basarabia si nordul Bucovinei, care au fost reint
egrate statului romn n }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {iulie 1941.}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {Desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea opera\uc1\u355Xiunilor militare n Est, nfrngeri
le }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sufer
ite pe front, perspectiva ca \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u
259X devin\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {teatru de r\uc1\u259Xzboi au impus }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {lovitura de stat de la 23 August 1944, }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {prin care Romnia a iesit din Ax\uc1\u259X
si s-a al\uc1\u259Xturat coali\uc1\u355Xiei }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor Unite.}\i0 \par\pard\li
2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {In urma n\uc1\u355Xeleg
erilor dintre Marile Puteri, din anii }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1943-1945, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {statele din zona central\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {si sud-est }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {european\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par
\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Polonia, Cehosl
ovacia, Ungaria, Romnia, Bulgaria, }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Iugoslavia, Albania) au intrat n sfera de influen\
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a Uniunii }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {Sovietice. In }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1944.
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia a fost practic ocupat\uc1\u259X
de }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Arm
ata Rosie, pn\uc1\u259X n }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1958.}\i0 \par\pard\l
i2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Dup\uc1\u259X aceast\uc1\
u259X dat\uc1\u259X, socialismul interna\uc1\u355Xionalist, impus }\i0 \par\pard
\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {sovietici, a }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {devenit un
socialism na\uc1\u355Xional, adaptat la }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile romnesti.
S-a }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {nregistrat si o activizare a
politicii }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{externe, fapt ce a conferit Romniei un }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {autentic prestigiu }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {interna\uc1\u355Xional}\i0 \par\pard\li8120\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {l}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3800

\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {Treptat, mai ales dup\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{1974, regimul politic s-a deteriorat, }\i0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ca }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {urmare a e
xacerb\uc1\u259Xrii cultului personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii lui Nicolae }\i0
\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ceausescu. D
up\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1981, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {situa\uc1\u355Xia material\uc1\u259X a popula\uc1\u355Xiei a
}\i0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {devenit
tot mai grea, iar starea de nemul\uc1\u355Xumire s-a }\i0 \par\par
d\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {generalizat.}\i0 \par\
pard\li3773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {In 1989, regimurile
\uc1\u8222X comuniste" din Europa}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { au c\uc1\u
259Xzut rnd pe }\i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {rnd-dup\uc1\u259X principiul domino-ului. La }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {22 }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {decembrie, n urma }\i0 \par\pard\li3253
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {unei ample ac\uc1\u355Xiuni po
pulare, dictatura a fost nl\uc1\u259Xturat\uc1\u259X si n }\i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia. Ca urmare a Revolu
\uc1\u355Xiei }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {din Decembrie 1989, s-a }\
i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {revenit la
regimul democratic, societatea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {romneasc\uc1\u2
59X parcurgnd }\i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {o lung\uc1\u259X perioad\uc1\u259X de tranzi\uc1\u355Xie spre noi structuri
economice }\i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{si sociale, spre integrarea european\uc1\u259X si euro-atlantic.}\i0 \par\pard\l
f0\charscalex100\i {Spre deosebire de nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul preuni
versitar, unde }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {elevii nva\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X dup\uc1\u259X manuale elaborate pe
baza unor }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {programe aprobate de Ministerul Educa\uc1\u355Xiei si Cercet\uc
1\u259Xrii, }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul superior se caracterizeaz\uc1\u259X print
r-o abordare }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {larg\uc1\u259X, deschis\uc1\u259X a unor specializ\uc1\u259Xri me
nite s\uc1\u259X asigure }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {formarea cadrelor cu nalt\uc1\u259X calificare. Luc
rarea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Istoria }\b0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {contemporan\uc1\u259X a Romniei }\b
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trateaz\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {11 teme majore, n }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {conformitate cu structura unui semestru }\i0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {universitar. Ele au }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {constituit obiectul preocup\uc1\u259Xrilor
stiin\uc1\u355Xifice ale autorului }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de-a }\i
0 \par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lungul mai
multor ani, materializate n studii publicate n reviste de }\i0
\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {specialitate,
capitole din lucr\uc1\u259Xri monografice sau }\i0 \par\pard\li3240\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {generale, studii }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {introductive la culegeri de documente, precum si alte }\i0 \
par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {materiale.}\i0
\par\pard\li3760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Evident, stu
den\uc1\u355Xii nu trebuie s\uc1\u259X se limiteze la acest }\i0 \
par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {curs, ci s\
uc1\u259X studieze o bibliografie ct mai larg\uc1\u259X, s\uc1\u259
X-si }\i0 \par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {form
eze propriile lor opinii referitoare la }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {prob
lematica istoriei }\i0 \par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100\i {contemporane a Romniei.}\i0 \par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3733\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
3733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
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ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Not\uc1\u259X: }\i0 { }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Capitolul 10 }{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Evolu\uc
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lex100\i {1989),}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost scris de Georgiana Ma
rgareta Scurtu.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li22
\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {NOUL CADRU DE EVOLU\uc1\u354XIE A ROMNIEI DUP\uc1\u258X }\b0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1918.}\b0 \par
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alex100\b {CU ALTE STATE ALE EUROPEI}\b0 \par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
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Ca urmare a Unirii Basarabiei, Bucovinei si Transilvaniei, n 1918. }\par\pard\li1
893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia si-a modificat }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {locul n Europa, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transformn
du-se dintr-o }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t
ar\uc1\u259X mic\uc1\u259X n una de m\uc1\u259Xrime medie. Suprafa\uc1\u355Xa sa
a crescut }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la
1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {38.000 km" n 1915 la 295.049 km~ n 1918, ocupnd locu
l 10 n }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europa. R
omnia era,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X Polonia, cel mai mare sta
t n spa\uc1\u355Xiul }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cuprins ntre Marea Baltic\uc1\u259X si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
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s14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, Albania - }\par\pard\
li1893\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28.000 km}\fs14\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, Grecia - 130.000 km}\fs14\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X schimbare de statut
teritorial a permis o }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {mai larg\uc1\u259X implicare a Romniei n via\uc1\u355Xa
interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales, n timpul ministeriatului lui Nicolae
Titulescu }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1932
-1936).}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a) Pop
ula\uc1\u355Xia}\b0 \par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Romnia avea 7,9 milioane locuitori n 1915; }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {popula\uc1\u355Xia sa a }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {crescut la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14,7 milioane n 1919,
ajungnd la 18 milioane n 1930 si 20 }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane n 1939.}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din pun
ctul de vedere al num\uc1\u259Xrului de locuitori, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia se afla pe locul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
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a, Polonia si Spania. In perioada }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelic\uc1\u259X, Polonia avea circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
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ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14,7 milioane, Ungaria - 8,5 milioane, Iugoslav
ia - 14 milioane, Bulgaria - }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {5,5 milioane, Albania - l milion, Grecia - 6,5 milioane.}\par\pard
\li2386\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe provincii istorice, n 1
930, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xia era urm\uc1\u259Xtoarea:}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\
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i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muntenia}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dobrogea}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moldova}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs1
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100 {2.427.498}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.86
3.409}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \*\tx920\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
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\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {853.524}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10.442}\par\column\pard\li0
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olno2\colw1506\colsr-0\colno3\colw5280\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Transilvania}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Banat}\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
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*\tx973\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {18.715}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,3}\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx973\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21.338}\tab
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glsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D
up\uc1\u259X cum se observ\uc1\u259X, provincia cea mai populat\uc1\u259X era }\
par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muntenia, urmat\
uc1\u259X de Transilvania; cel mai mic num\uc1\u259Xr de }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuitori aveau Dobrogea si }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovina.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\u259Xcii de la Paris }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {(1919-1920) a pus la baza }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deciziilor sale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100

\b {principiul na\uc1\u355Xionalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {S-a urm\uc1\u259Xrit ca }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noile grani\uc1\u355Xe europene s\uc1\u259X
includ\uc1\u259X n cadrul statelor }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale un num\uc1\u259Xr ct mai mi
c de minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi. Pe harta }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europei au ap\uc1\u259Xrut noi state
: Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Polonia, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, Austria, Ce
hia s-a unit cu Sl}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ovacia, lund astfel }\par\pard\li3
146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X Ce
hoslovacia; la rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, Romnia si-a ntregit }\par\pard\li3146
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriul, iar Serbia a creat, m
preun\uc1\u259X cu Croa\uc1\u355Xia si Slovenia, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regatul Srbo-Croato-Sloven (Iugoslavia).}\par\p
ard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Datorit\uc1\u259X evol
u\uc1\u355Xiei istorice de-a lungul secolelor, mai }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales n Evul Mediu, popoarele si a
poi na\uc1\u355Xiunile s-au }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {amestecat pe arii geografice ntinse, astfel c\uc1\u259X nu s-a p
utut }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realiza,
la sfrsitul primului r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial, o deplin\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {departajare statal
\uc1\u259X pe criterii etnice. Practic, nu exista \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li3133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi na\uc1\u355Xionale. Pondere}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {a acestora era de circa 34% n }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia, 31% n Polonia, 23% n Iugoslavia, 18% n Bulgaria
, 11% }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Austria,
10% n Ungaria etc.}\par\pard\li3640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {In Romnia - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potrivit recens\uc1\u259Xmntului din 1
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {930 - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355X
ia }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {total\uc1\u2
59X era }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de 18.057.028 locuitori, dintre ca
re: 12.981.324 romni }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {(71,9%), 1.425.507 unguri (7,9%), 745.521 germani (6,15%), 728.
115 }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evrei (4%)
, 582.115 ruteni si ucrainieni (3,2%),. 409.150 rusi (2,3%), }\par\p
ard\li3120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {366.384 bulgari (2%)
, 262.501 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xigani }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {(1,5%), 154.772 turci (0,9%), }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {105.750 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g\uc1\u259Xg\uc1
\u259Xuzi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(0,6%), 51.842 cehi si slovaci (0,35)
, 51.062 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {srbi, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {croa\uc1\u355Xi si sloveni }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(0,3%), 48.130 polonezi (0,3%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\
uc1\u259X care }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{urmau, cu procente mai mici, greci, t\uc1\u259Xtari, armeni, }\pa
r\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {albanezi, hu\uc1\
u355Xani si alte neamuri. Aceste date concrete }\par\pard\li3120\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ar\uc1\u259Xtau c\uc1\u259X pond
erea minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale era de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {28,1%; }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {acestea se aflau n toate provinciile istorice romnesti, cu o pondere
mai }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare n B
ucovina, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dobrogea si Transilvania. Datorit\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disper
s\uc1\u259Xrii lor teritoriale, precum si politicii statului romn, }\par\pard\li3
120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u25
9X nu s-au dezvoltat misc\uc1\u259Xri separatiste, care }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\s

l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X pun\uc1\u259X n peric
ol unitatea na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, asa cum s-au }\par\pard\li312
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat n}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Cehoslovacia, Polonia sau Iugoslavia.}\par\pard\li3640\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ce priveste religia locuitorilor, situa\
uc1\u355Xia se prezenta }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {astfel: ortodox\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-13.108.227
(72,6%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {greco-catolic\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {- 1.427.391 }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {(7,9%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romano-catolic\uc1\u259X }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-1.234.151 (6,8%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mozaic\u
c1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 756.930 }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(4,2%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reformat
-caivin\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-710.706 (3,9%), }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {evanghelic\uc1\u259X-}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luteran\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 398.7
59 (2,2%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mahomedan\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {-185.486 (1%), }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {unitarian\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 69.267 (0,4%),
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baptist\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 6
9.562 (0,3%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lipovean\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {57
.288 (0,35%) si cu sub 0,1%}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adventist\uc1\u259X}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 16.102, armeano-10}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1
920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gregorian\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 10.
005, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armeano-catolic\uc1\u259X -l }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {.440, alte religii si secte - }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.434, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jiber-cuget\uc1\
u259Xtori }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-6.604, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ne
declarat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 6.686. }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Provincia }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cea mai omogen\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din punct de
vedere religios era Oltenia (99% - }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ortodocsi), iar cea mai }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {mozaicat\uc1\u259X era Transilvania, unde se }\par\pard\li1920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntlneau aproape toate confesiunile.}\p
ar\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un num\uc1\u259Xr
important de romni a r\uc1\u259Xmas }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n afara grani\uc1\u355Xelor statului romn. Potrivit
unor date }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st
atistice, num\uc1\u259Xrul acestora era }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
peste un milion, dintre care }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {250.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tr\uc1\u259Xiau n Rus
ia (Uniunea) Sovietic\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {230.000 n Iugoslavi
a, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {60.000 n B
ulgaria, 23.000 n Ungaria, 40.000 n Albania, 13.000 n }\par\pard\li1960\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia, 200.000 n S.U.A., 100
.000 n Australia, 70.000 n Canada.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Procesul de emigrare si imigrare a cuprins circa 10.000 de pers
oane pe }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an. Au
plecat din Romnia n Ungaria njur de 200.000 de persoane, care au }\par\pard\li1960\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {optat pentru cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u3
55Xenia maghiar\uc1\u259X, iar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {42.000 de turci, ma
i ales din }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dobr
ogea si sudul Basarabiei, s-au stabilit n Turcia. Au venit n Romnia }\par\pard\li19
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {peste 200.000 }\fs18\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {evrei (mai ales din Polonia si Rusia Sovietic\uc1\u
259X), }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30.000 a
romni (din Grecia, Bulgaria si Albania), 10.000 romni din S.U.A. }\par\pard\li1960
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Canada.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X, }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {indicele demografic }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a cunoscut o }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
volu\uc1\u355Xie pozitiv\uc1\u259X. Cu un spor natural de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {35 la 1.000 de locuitori, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Romnia se afla pe primul loc n Europa (ultimul
loc era ocupat de }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Suedia, cu 15 nasteri la 1.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
locuitori), n acelasi timp, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia ocupa prima pozi\uc1\u355Xie n privin\uc1\u355
Xa mortalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {infantile, cu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 decese la
1.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de nou n\uc1\u259Xscu\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {i (pe ultimul loc se }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afla Suedia, cu 4,7 decese la 1.000 }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {de nou n\uc1\u259Xscu\uc1\u355Xi), n cele dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\l
i1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decenii ale perioadei inter
belice, Romnia a cunoscut un }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {spor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demografic de 4,4 milioane
de locuitori, ajungnd n 1939 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la o }\par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355Xie de
aproape }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 milioane.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Repartizar}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea demo
grafic\uc1\u259X dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {mediile de locuir
e }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era n 1930 }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toarea:
77,78% n mediul rural, 22,2% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cel urban. Interesant
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {este c\uc1\u25
9X, la sfrsitul perioadei interbelice, ponderea popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li
1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rurale a crescut la }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {81,8%, acest fapt datorndu-se ratei de natalitate mai }\par\
pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare n lumea satelor.
Totusi, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cifre absolute, popula\uc1\u355Xia urban\u
c1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cres
cut de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.087.612 locuitori (n 1919) la
3.621.666 locuitori (n }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1939). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Structura popula\uc1\u355Xiei er
a similar\uc1\u259X cu cea a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statelor vecine: }\pa
r\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuiau la sate
78,6% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii Bulgar
iei, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {77,7% din cei ai }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslaviei, 65% din cei ai Poloniei
etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Ungaria popula\uc1\u355Xia rural\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea o }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pondere de 52%, iar n Cehoslovacia de 40% (dintre care 60% n
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Slovacia).}\pa
r\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potrivit recens\uc1
\u259Xmntului din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930, Romnia avea sase orase }\pa
r\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu peste 100.000 }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de locuitori. Pe primul loc se afla capitala \uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259Xrii, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Bucuresti }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(640.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{locuitori), urmat\uc1\u259X la mare distan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\p
ar\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chisin\uc1\u259Xu
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(115.000), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cern\uc1\u2
59Xu\uc1\u355Xi}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage




















\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(l 13.000), Iasi
(103.000), Cluj (101.000), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gala\uc1\u355Xi }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(101.000). Bucurestii }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau cel mai mare oras din zona sud
-est }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X, fiind }\par\pard\li2933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerat \uc1\u8222Xmicul P
aris", datorit\uc1\u259X stilului arhitectural, }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bulevardelor largi si luminoase, vitrinel
or atr\uc1\u259Xg\uc1\u259Xtoare, dar }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si institu\uc1\u355Xiilor sale de nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259Xmnt si cultur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Structura popula\uc1\u355Xiei dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {profesiuni}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era similar\uc1\u259X c
u }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cea a mediulu
i de locuire. Recens\uc1\u259Xmntul din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930 }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indica }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele date concrete:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\p
gwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw6013\colsr-0\col
no2\colw1986\colsr-0\colno3\colw226\colsr-0\colno4\colw3213\pard\li4160\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Total}\i0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Exploatarea solului}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Industrie}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comer\uc1\u355X si credit}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transport}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Institu\uc1\u355Xii publice}\par\pard\li296
0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtate, spo
rt, divertisment}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Alte categorii, nedeclara\uc1\u355Xi}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Num\uc1\u259Xr de }\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \*\tx853\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {locuitori}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {13.070.300}\par\pard\li946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {1.715.000}\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {722
.100}\par\pard\li1066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {505.500}\pa
r\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {866.500}\par\pard\l
i1093\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {198.600}\par\pard\li1066\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {974.900}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {%}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7
2,4}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9,5}\par\pard\
li53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4,0}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,8}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4,8}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {1,1}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,4}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\par
d\li3440\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Covrsitoarea majoritate
a popula\uc1\u355Xiei Romniei se }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupa cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agricultura, n ti
mp ce }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n industrie lucra mai pu\uc1\u355Xin de }\par\
pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10% }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {din totalul acesteia. O pondere foarte mic\uc1\u259X o
avea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\
uc1\u355Xia din servicii, care nici m\uc1\u259Xcar nu a fost recenzat\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca atare, n ac
east\uc1\u259X perioad\uc1\u259X, ponderea popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {care se }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ocupa cu agricultura era n Bulgaria de 80%, n Iugoslavia - 78%, n }\par
\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia - 29%,
Ungaria - 51%, Polonia - 65%. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354Xara cu cea
mai }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pu\uc1\u355
Xin\uc1\u259X popula\uc1\u355Xie care se ocupa de exploatarea solului era }\par\
pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anglia }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {(5,6%); n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X \uc1\
u355Xar\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {46,2% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {dintre locuitori erau }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {angrena\uc1\u355Xi n activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi industriale.}\p
ar\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b)}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {Caracteristicile vie\uc1\u355Xii politice}\b0 \par\pard\li3440
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X
din Romnia a fost puternic marcat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introducerea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {votu
lui universal. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia a fost modi
ficat\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{iulie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1917, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar
decretul-lege pentru reforma electoral\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrut n noiembrie }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se prevedea ca
Adunarea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Depu
ta\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u259X fie aleas\uc1\u259X prin vot universal,
egal, direct, }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1

00 {secret si obligatoriu de to\uc1\u355Xi b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xii majori (p
este }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 ani). }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru Senat se cerea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{vrsta minim\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40 de ani.}\par\pard\li344
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se cuvine precizat faptul
c\uc1\u259X si actele de Unire }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {con\uc1\u355Xineau de}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {z
ideratul votului universal. Astfel, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara
\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {privind unirea Basarabiei cu }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia
, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 27 martie 1918, }\par\pard\li2906\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X alegerile
parlamentare \uc1\u8222Xse vor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {face pe ba
za }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {votului univ
ersal, direct si secret". }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Rezolu\uc1\u355Xia }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale }\par\pard\li2
906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Alba lulia din
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l decembrie 1918 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
cerea: \uc1\u8222Xnf\uc1\u259Xptuirea }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {des\uc1\u259Xvrsit\uc1\u259X a unui regim curat
democratic pe toate }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {terenurile vie\uc1\u355Xii publice.}\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\
sect\sectd\sbkpage































\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vot obstesc, dir
ect, egal, secret, pe comune, n mod }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propor\uc1\u355Xional, pentru ambele sexe, n vrst\
uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 de ani".}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legisla\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X
se nscria n ansamblul }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {reformelor nf\uc1\u259Xptuite n Europa acelei perioade. O analiz\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comparativ
\uc1\u259X privind vrsta la care se acorda dreptul de vot }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si situa\uc1\u355Xia femeilor arat\uc1
\u259X urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1584
0\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw3253\colsr-0\colno2\colw1440\colsr-0\
colno3\colw880\colsr-0\colno4\colw5866\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u354Xara}\i0 \par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Albania}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Austria}\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulg
aria}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovaci
a}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grecia}\par\pa
rd\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia}\par\pard\li
1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Polonia}\par\pard\li1746\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Turcia}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
20\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Camer\uc1\u259X}\i0 \par\pard\li266\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard
\li266\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {18}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {Senat}\i0 \par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40}
\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40}\par\pard\li93\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {26}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{40}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\
li93\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\column\pard\li93\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Drept de votpentm femei}\i0 \par\pard\li1000\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {da}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\par\pard\li933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {da}\par\pard\li1
000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li933\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {da}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {-}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\cols3\colno1\colw3173\colsr-0\colno2\colw2680\colsr-0\colno3\colw5586\pard\
li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria}\par\column\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx1266\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24/B
30/F}\tab \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29/B
30/F}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {da/dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 de an
i}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\li2226\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Votul universal a
chemat la via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X activ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\
li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane de cet\uc1\u2
59X\uc1\u355Xeni. Sistemul partidelor politice s-a }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diversificat. Al\uc1\u259Xturi de
vechile partide de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }
\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liberal si C
onservator - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat activi
tatea Liga }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(P
artidul) Poporului, Partidul \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, Partid
ul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nationalist-}\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat, Partidul Social-Democrat (devenit P
artidul Socialist) n }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {vechiul Regat. Lor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {li s-au al\uc1
\u259Xturat partidele din provinciile }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unite: Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional Romn din
Transilvania, Partidul }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc din Basarabia, Partidul D
emocrat}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { al Unirii din }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovina ; n anii 1920-1923, acestea
au fuzionat cu partide din vechiul }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Regat. S-au constituit partide ale minorit\uc1\u25
9X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale: }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul German, Partidul Maghiar, Uniunea Evre
ilor }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P\uc1\u259
Xmnteni }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. Treptat, s-au creat partide extremiste,
de stnga (Partidul }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Comunist din Romnia) si de dreapta }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(L
iga Ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crestine, Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihai
l, Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-}\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialist German etc.). Regimul politic di
n Romnia a evoluat pe o cale }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {democratic\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {specific\u
c1\u259X marii majorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i a state
lor europene.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Im

ediat dup\uc1\u259X adoptarea actelor de Unire a nceput }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {integrare a provinciilor istorice }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {respective n }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cadrul statului na\uc1\u355Xional }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unitar r
omn. Astfel, la 9/22 aprilie 1918 a }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {fost publicat decretul prin care se ratifica un
irea B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asarabiei cu }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia; n aceeasi zi, doi reprezentan\uc1\u35
5Xi ai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestei provincii au }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost inclusi n guvernul Romniei;
pentru administrarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriului }\par\pard\
li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre Prut si Nistru func
\uc1\u355Xionau Directorate Ministeriale cu }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sediul la Chisin\uc1\u259Xu, conduse de directori n
umi\uc1\u355Xi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { prin decret regal, }\par\pard\li1693
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
knone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li300
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13/26 decembrie 1918 au fost promulgate decretul privind
ratificarea unirii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Transilvaniei cu Romnia si cel pentru numirea n guvernul Romniei a trei }\par\
pard\li3000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355X
i ai acestei provincii; un alt decret, din aceeasi }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zi, stabilea c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xpn\
uc1\u259X la definitiva organizare a Romniei }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregite" conducerea serviciilor publice d
in Transilvania era }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ncredin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X Consiliului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Di
rigent. Prin decretele regale din 19 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1918/1 ianuarie 1919 se ratifica
unirea Bucovinei; }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numi\uc1\u355Xi doi reprezentan\uc1\u355
Xi ai acesteia n guvernul Romniei si }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {se asigura rezolvarea problemelor specifice acestei provinci
i }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259
Xtre Secretariatele de Serviciu cu sediul la Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi. }\pa
r\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Toate decretele
men\uc1\u355Xionau c\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { afacerile }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xine, armata, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xile ferate, posta, telegra
ful, telefoanele, circula\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {financiar\uc1\u259X, v\uc1\u259Xmile, mprumuturile
publice, siguran\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {statului intrau n atribu\uc1\u355Xiile exclusive ale
guvernului }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn
iei. Organele administrative }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locale aveau menirea
de a }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {facilita
procesul de integrare a Basarabiei, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvaniei
si Bucovinei }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n c
adrul statului romn Iar\uc1\u259X disfunc\uc1\u355Xionalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi s
i cu luarea n }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {co
nsidera\uc1\u355Xie a particularit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor create de-a
lungul vremii; }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ele lucrau sub conducerea guvern}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ului Romniei.}\par
\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe aceeasi linie se n
scrie adoptarea calendarului gregorian (stilul }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nou) pe ntreg cuprinsul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii,

utilizat pn\uc1\u259X atunci numai n }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvania si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovina }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- ziua }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de l aprilie 19
19 stil vechi devenind 15 }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {aprilie stil nou.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {n noiembrie 1919 au avut loc primele alegeri generale pa baza }\pa
r\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {votului universal
din istoria Romniei, n urma c\uc1\u259Xrora }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii au ales
un singur Parlament. Este semnificativ }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {faptul c\uc1\u259X presedintele Consiliului de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri desemnat n urma }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestor alegeri a fost ardelean
- Alexandru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vaida-Voevod, care a }\par\pard\l
i2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {depus jur\uc1\u259Xmntul
n ziua de l decembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, cnd }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {se }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {mplinea exact un an de la Unirea Transilvaniei cu Romnia, }\par\pard\li298
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n sedin\uc1\u355Xa solemn\uc1\u
259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 decembrie 1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X sub }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xia lui Nicolae }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {lorga, Parlamentul a votat leg}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ile prin
care }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se ratifi
ca unirea Basarabiei, Bucovinei si Transilvaniei cu }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {patria-mam\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Existen\uc1\u355Xa Parlamentului }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ntrunea reprezenta
n\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai
milioanelor de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni de pe ntreg cuprinsul \
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, a }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {guvernului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- n care intrau frun
tasi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al ntregului spa\uc1\u355Xiu }\par\pard\li
2973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc, f\uc1\u259Xcea i
nutil\uc1\u259X men\uc1\u355Xinerea organelor }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrative provinciale, n consecin\uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259X, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 aprilie 1920 }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {s-a }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h
ot\uc1\u259Xrt desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea Consiliului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Dirigent din Transilvania, a }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Secretariatelor de Serviciu din Bucovina si a Directoratelo
r Ministeriale }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
din Basarabia, ceea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce a asigurat mai mu
lt\uc1\u259X operativitate si }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xionalitate aparatului de stat.}\par\pard\li3000
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li3000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14}\par\pard\sect\sect
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In ziua de 15 octombrie 1922 a avut
loc ncoronarea regelui }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Ferdinand si a reginei Maria la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Alba-Iulia, n fa\uc1\u355Xa Catedralei }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ortodoxe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(special}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { construit\uc1\u259X pentru acest eveniment),
act }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce semnific
a consfin\uc1\u355Xirea unei realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi istorice: Marea Unire,
}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nf\uc1\u259Xptui
t\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, mplinirea celui mai scump ideal a

l poporului romn.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c)}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Via\uc1\u355Xa cotidian\uc1\u259X}\b0 \par\
pard\li2320\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Via\uc1\u355Xa de z
i cu zi a romnilor a cunoscut o evolu\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dinspre tradi\uc1\u355Xionalism spre mod
ernitate, n peisajul statului }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {romn au fost integrate orasele si satele din Basara
bia, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovina
si Transilvania, fiecare cu specificul s\uc1\u259Xu. }\par\pard\li180
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ocupa\uc1\u355Xiile s-au divers
ificat, mai ales ca urmare a dezvolt\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriei si a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {s}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chimb\uc1\u259Xrii condi\uc1\u355Xiilor d
e munc\uc1\u259X. Familia a }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {continuat s\uc1\u259X fie mediul cel mai propice
pentru via\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {cotidian\uc1\u259X a romnilor, indiferent de etnie. Locuin
\uc1\u355Xa, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mbr
\uc1\u259Xc\uc1\u259Xmintea, moda au cunoscut evolu\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pa
rd\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spectaculoase, mai
ales n mediul urban. Alimenta\uc1\u355Xia a }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xmas cea tradi\uc1\u355Xional
\uc1\u259X, doar n familiile foarte nst\uc1\u259Xrite }\par\pard\li1800\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrndu-se o diversificare
notabil\uc1\u259X. Asisten\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {medical\uc1\u259X a r\uc1\u259Xmas precar\uc1\u25
9X, fapt ce explic\uc1\u259X procentul }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte ridicat al mortalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii
infantile. Via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X a intrat }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cotidian, mai ales datorit\uc1\u259X cam
pan}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iilor electorale (n perioada }\par\pard\li1800\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919-1939 au avut lor 11 alegeri pa
rlamentare).}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {d
)}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Stiin\uc1\u355Xa si cultura}\b0 \par\pard
\li2320\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stiin\uc1\u355Xa de c
arte este un element important n }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprecierea gradului de civiliza\uc1\u355Xie a unui p
opor, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930, circa }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {57% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre romni
stiau s\uc1\u259X scrie si s\uc1\u259X citeasc\uc1\u259X; cei mai mul\uc1\u355Xi
}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Transilvani
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(68,3%), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cei mai
pu\uc1\u355Xini n Basarabia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(38,1%). }\par\par
d\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1940, aproximativ 65% dintre locuitorii Romniei erau }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {stiutori }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {de carte, n alte state europene situa\uc1\u355Xia se prezenta astfel
: }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulgaria }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-60%, Ungaria - 84%, Polonia - 67%, Cehoslovacia
- 92%. }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Num\uc1
\u259Xrul cel mai mare al stiutorilor de carte se nregistra n }\par\pard\li1800\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(94%).}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Caracteristica esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X a Romniei era puternica }\p
ar\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltare a }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {liceal si a celui universitar, precum si }\par\pard\li1786\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afirmarea unor mari }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n domeniile stiin\uc1\u355Xei, artei si }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs

22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {culturii.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Realitatea istoric\uc1\u259X arat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X, dup\
uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918 - prin noul cadru }\par\pard\li180
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {creat ca urmare a unirii
Basarabiei, Bucovinei si Transilvaniei - }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscu
t o evolu\uc1\u355Xie pozitiv\uc1\u259X, fiind una dintre \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri
le }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu cea m
ai puternic\uc1\u259X dezvoltare economic\uc1\u259X, politic\uc1\u259X
si }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultural\uc
1\u259X din Europa.}\par\pard\li7813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li781
3\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7813\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {15}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li4106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4106\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2 DINA
MICA ECONOMIEI NATIONALE}\b0 \par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li3533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {a) Tr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xturi generale}\b0 \par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-29
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unirea din 1918 a dus la }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {nt\uc1\u259Xrirea poten\uc1\u355Xialului }\b0 \par\pard\
li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {economic }\b0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, a creat condi\
uc1\u355Xiile necesare }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {fructific\uc1\u259Xrii la scar\uc1\u259X na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u
259X a bog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xiilor solului si }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {subsolului, a accentuat ponderea
industriei n ansamblul }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale. Leg\uc1\u259Xturile economice tra
di\uc1\u355Xionale au }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {c\uc1\u259Xp\uc1\u259Xtat un cadru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {geograf
ic-statal adecvat, au fost lichidate barierele }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vamale ridicate de fostele imperii pe t}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {eritoriul romnesc, ceea ce }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a asigurat pie\uc1\u355Xei interne o deplin\uc1\u
259X unitate.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Co
mparativ cu anul 1914, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355Xa arabil\
uc1\u259X a Romniei a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {crescut de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la 6,6 milioane la 14,6 }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane ha, cea acoperit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3013\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu p\uc1\u259Xduri de la }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {2,5 milioane la 7,3 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane ha,
re\uc1\u355Xeaua c\uc1\u259Xilor }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {f}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erate de la 4.300 km la
circa 11.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {km, for\uc1\u355Xa motrice
a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriei sa m\uc1\u259Xrit cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {235%, cele mai }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {importante progrese }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrndu-se n industria electric\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(429,4%) si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chimic\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(320%).}\par\pa
rd\li3533\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada imediat urm\u
c1\u259Xtoare Unirii, n fa\uc1\u355Xa economiei }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesti se puneau dou\uc1\u259X probleme
esen\uc1\u355Xiale: aceea a }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {refacerii, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a vindec\uc1
\u259Xrii r\uc1\u259Xnilor pricinuite de r\uc1\u259Xzboi si de }\par

\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupa\uc1\u355Xia st
r\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259X, si aceea a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {integr\uc1\u2
59Xrii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la scar\uc1\u259X na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\
u259X a }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuturor
ramurilor economice, a valorific\uc1\u259Xrii noului cadru }\par\pa
rd\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politico-statal f\uc1\u
259Xurit n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nivelu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l de la care se
pleca era foarte sc\uc1\u259Xzut: n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919 se }\par\pa
rd\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realiza doar 20-25% }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din produc\uc1\u355Xia anului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1913, ceea ce nsemna - }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X aprecierea economistilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o involu\uc1\u355Xie de }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {10-15 ani. }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Practic, ntreaga economie era }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dezorganizat\uc1\u259X: Romnia, care }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nainte de r\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
zboi era unul dintre cei mai mari }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expo
rtatori de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce
reale din Europa, a fost nevoit\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X importe n anul }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1919 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {gru pentru hrana popula\uc1\u355Xiei.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica guvernamental\uc1\u259X s-a caracter
izat prin }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apl
icarea doctrinei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xprin noi nsine",
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care viza asigurarea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {independen\uc1\u355Xe}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {i economice a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, moderniza
rea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {structurilo
r economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale, prin cresterea}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-426\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {interven\uc1\u355Xiei statului n via\uc1\u355Xa economic\uc1\u259X, fap
t reflectat si n }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sporirea ponderii ministerelor economice n structura }\par\pard\li1746
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernamental\uc1\u259X.}\par\pa
rd\li1733\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b) }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia principalelor ramuri ale economiei }\b0 \p
ar\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {na\uc1\u355Xiona
le }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Industria }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {a beneficiat de un sprijin sus\uc1\u355Xinut din }\par\pard\li1733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partea statului. M\uc1\u259Xsuril
e viznd refacerea produc\uc1\u355Xiei au }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrit n acelasi timp si realizarea un
ui organism economic }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {unitar si func\uc1\u355Xional, nc\uc1\u259X din ianuarie }\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1919 a luat }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X Dir
ec\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Refacerii n cadrul Ministerului Industriei si Comer\uc1\u355Xului, prin }\par\pa
rd\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care guvernul s-a
implicat n achizi\uc1\u355Xionarea si transportul }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xrfurilor din str\uc1\u2
59Xin\uc1\u259Xtate, acordnd prioritate produselor }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {absolut necesare economiei na\uc1\u355
X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ionale (utilaje, materii prime etc.). }\par\pard\
li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un rol important 1-a avut
Societatea }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X de Credit In

dustrial, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {const
ituit\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923, care, prin politica
de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {credite, a sprijinit }\par\pard\li1733\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltarea industriei. Cu ajuto
rul statului au fost nfiin\uc1\u355Xate }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mari ntreprinderi metalurgice cu procese tehnologice co
mplexe, ntre care }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Fabrica de Srm\uc1\u259X de la Cmpia Turzii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {(1922), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uzinele Titan-}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N\uc1\u259Xdrag-C\uc1\u259Xlan }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1924), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Copsa Mic\uc1\u2
59X-Cugir }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1925), precum si }\par\pard\li1733\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderi constructoare de
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {masini din rndul c\uc1\u259Xrora se }\par\pa
rd\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {remarc\uc1\u259X: Malax
a-Bucuresti }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1926), I.A.R.-Brasov (1926). Potri
vit }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {datelor s
tatistice, aproape 60% din totalul ntreprinderilor industriale }\par\par
d\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existente n 1930}{ }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fuseser\uc1\u259X nfiin\uc1\u355Xate dup\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n intervalul 1923-1938 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industria romnea
sc\uc1\u259X s-a dezvoltat }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ntr-un ritm de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,4% pe an, unul dintre c
ele mai ridicate din ntreaga }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {lume. n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada interbelic\uc1\u2
59X, Romnia ocupa primul loc n }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europa si locul sase din lume la produc\uc1\u355Xia de p
etrol (nivelul }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
maxim de extrac\uc1\u355Xie fiind de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8,7 milioane
tone n 1936); locul al }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {doilea n Europa la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrac\uc1\u355X
ia de aur }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(5.355 kg. n 1937), }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Suedia; acelasi loc (dup\uc1\u259X Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X) l
a extrac\uc1\u355Xia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gaze (256.491.042 m}\fs12\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {j}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { n 1937). Romnia dispunea de o i
ndustrie }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petrol
ier\uc1\u259X la nivel mondial, n ceea ce priveste extrac\uc1\u35
5Xia, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prelucrar
ea, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transportul; n}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
rafin\uc1\u259Xriile din \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X se prelucra }\par\pard\l
i1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {95% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {din \uc1\u355Xi\uc1\u355Xeiul extras. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R
omnia producea negru de fum, cauciuc }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sintetic, precum si opt tipuri de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locomotive, vagoane de toate }\par\pard\li1720\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {categoriile (c\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u25
9Xtori, m\uc1\u259Xrfuri, cisterne), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autobuze,
motoare }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elec
trice, aparate de radio, cazane cu aburi de variate }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {tipuri, elice si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {piese speciale pentru construc\uc1\u355Xii navale, instala\uc1\u35
5Xii petroliere }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{la nivelul tehnicii mondiale. Dintre realiz\uc1\u259Xrile de vrf
ale }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioadei
de dup\uc1\u259X Marea Unire se remarcau avioanele }\par\pard\li172
0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesti construite la I.A.R.-Br
asov, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { performan\uc1

\u355Xe similare }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{celor produse de statele foarte dezvoltate din punct }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de vedere }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
conomic. Astfel, avionul I.A.R.-80 cu un plafon de 11.500 m si}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn
666\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-38
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o vitez\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {530 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {km pe or\uc1\u259X se clasa pe locul
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 n Europa, iar }\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.A.R.-81 se afla, sub raportul vitezei de zbor,
pe locul 4 din lume.}\par\pard\li3893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Potrivit aprecierilor f\uc1\u259Xcute de economisti, n }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1938 }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {produc\uc1\u355Xia autohton\uc1\u259X satisf\uc1\u259Xcea }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {80% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din necesit\uc1\u259X\u
c1\u355Xile de }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{produse industriale ale Romniei.}\par\pard\li3893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {Transporturile }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au cunoscut
si ele o evolu\uc1\u355Xie pozitiv\uc1\u259X. S-a }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realizat, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai al
es ntre anii 1929-1933, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o re\uc1\u355Xea rutier\uc1\
u259X modern\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {s-a introdus transportul interurban cu autobuzul (nc\uc1\u259
X din }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921).
Progrese importante au fost nregistrate n domeniul transporturilor }\par\pard\li
3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {feroviare, prin moderniz
area sistemului de semnalizare si dirijare, }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acoperirea necesarului de vagoane si }\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locomotive. S-au construit noi }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {linii pentru c\uc1\u259Xile ferate (Ilv
a Mic\uc1\u259X-Vatra Dornei, Caransebes-}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Resi\uc1\u355Xa, Tulcea-Babagad, Eforie Sud-Mang
alia); a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construirea liniilor Bumbesti-Livezeni si SalvaViseu, care se vor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termina }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X anul 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {944.}\par\pard\li3893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R
omnia dispunea de un important transport prin conducte (de circa }\par\pard\li337
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {760 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {km) care legau zona petrolier\uc1\u259X din Valea Prahovei cu
}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucurestiul,
Constan\uc1\u355Xa si Olteni\uc1\u355Xa. De asemenea, }\par\pard\li3373\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispunea de un transport
aerian }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modern; n 1920 Rom}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {nia a }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {creat
, mpreun\uc1\u259X cu Fran\uc1\u355Xa, cea dinti companie aviatic\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\
uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X din lume (pentru traseul Paris-Viena-}\par\pa
rd\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Budapesta-}\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Belgrad-Bucuresti-Istanbul).}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transportul pe ap\uc1\u259X era asigurat de
Naviga\uc1\u355Xia Fluvial\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn\uc1\u259X si de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Servi
ciul Maritim Romn, companii care se bucurau }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ncrederea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X
l\uc1\u259Xtorilor romni si str\uc1\u259Xini.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1927 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a inaugura
t prima central\uc1\u259X telefonic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {automat\uc1\u259X (n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100 {Bulevardul Dacia din Bucuresti), iar prin construirea }\par
\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Palatului Telefoanel
or (ca urmare a concesiunii acordate firmei americane }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {International Telephone and Telegraph }
\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din New York), care a intrat }\par\pard\li3360\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n func\uc1\u355Xiune n }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1933, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia dispunea de
aparatur\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {nivelul tehnicii mondiale.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {Agricultura }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a r\uc1\u
259Xmas principala ramur\uc1\u259X a economiei }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale, n structura prop
riet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii agrare s-au produs }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muta\uc1\u355Xii substan\uc1\u355Xiale. Din
cele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9.242.930 ha ct reprezentau mosiile }\par\pard
\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de peste 100 ha, sau expropriat 6.123.789 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ha., adic\uc1\u259X
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {66,1%. Prin }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aplicarea reformei agrare, 1,4 milioane familii au pr
imit 3,7 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane ha }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de teren arabil, la care se ad\uc
1\u259Xugau }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,7 milioane ha, }\par\pard\li3360\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentnd izlazuri comunale.
Lotul mediu al unei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gospod\uc1\u259Xrii }
\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesti era de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3,8 }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ha, n timp ce o gospod\uc1\u259Xrie independent\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din punct de vedere economic
trebuia s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X minimum }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5 }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ha. }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Proprietatea mic\uc1\u259X (sub }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ha) de\uc1\u355Xinea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {73,7% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din totalul }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafe\uc1\u355Xei agricole a \uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. O puternic\uc1\u259X frn\uc1\u259X n calea }\par\pa
rd\li3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moderniz\uc1\u259Xrii a
griculturii a fost suprapopula\uc1\u355Xia agricol\uc1\u259X, adic\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {18}\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbs
xn666\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acea for\uc1\u355Xa de munc\uc1\u25
9X disponibil\uc1\u259X din lumea satului, care }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu-si g\uc1\u259Xsea }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {plasament n alte ramuri economice.}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-au depus eforturi, pe}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 { linie guvernamental\uc1\u259X, pentru }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijinirea micilor proprietari, dar r
ezultatele au fost }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {modeste. O anumit\uc1\u259X contribu\uc1\u355Xie au adus la
dezvoltarea }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
griculturii Institutul de Cercet\uc1\u259Xri Agronomice, Camerele de }\par\pard\
li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agricultur\uc1\u259X, Co
nsiliul Superior al Agriculturii, Insti}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tutu
l }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xi
onal de Zootehnie. A nceput produc\uc1\u355Xia intern\uc1\u259X de
}\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {batoze, sem\u
c1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtori si alte masini agricole, care n }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1938 }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {satisf\uc1\u259Xcea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {80% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100 {din necesit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile Romniei.}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Produc\uc1\u355Xia la hectar a cunos
cut o crestere sensibil\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921-1938 (de
la 8,56 chintale la 12,5 chintale la gru, si de la }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8,1 chintale la 13,6 }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {chintale la porumb), dar ea a r\uc1\u259Xmas n }\par\pard
\li2173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continuare cu mult sub me
dia european\uc1\u259X. Produc\uc1\u355Xia global\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2173\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a sporit de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {7,1 milioane tone la 13,6 milioane tone n 1929 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {(nivelul }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
axim din perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {). Romnia se a
fla pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul loc n }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europa si pe locul al cincilea pe glob la produ
c\uc1\u355Xia total\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {porumb, pe locul al patrulea din Europa si pe locul al zecelea
din lume la }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
oduc\uc1\u355Xia de gru, pe locul nti din lume la produc\uc1\u355
Xia de }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {floare
a soarelui.}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Fi
nan\uc1\u355X}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ele }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {au cunoscut evolu\uc1\u355Xii fluctuante, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {1920 s-a }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
ealizat }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unificarea monetar\uc1\u259X prin re
tragerea din circula\uc1\u355Xie a }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rublelor (n Basarabia) si coroanelor (n Trans
ilvania si }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bu
covina). Dup\uc1\u259X repetate ncerc\uc1\u259Xri de }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {revalorizare a leului la }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cursul din 1914, n 1929 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sa realizat stabilizarea monetar\uc1\u259X la un }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {curs de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {32 de ori
mai mic dect cel antebelic. Treptat, s-a nregistrat un }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proces de devalorizare, care a ajuns n 1936
la 36%, iar n 1938 la 56%. }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Leul a r\uc1\u259Xmas o moned\uc1\u259X liber-convertibil\
uc1\u259X, participnd la }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {opera}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xiunile de burs\uc1\u259
X din Europa si S.U.A.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Datoria extern\uc1\u259X a crescut de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,9
miliarde lei n 1921, la 141 }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {miliarde lei n 1933 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(cel mai nalt nivel)
, sc\uc1\u259Xznd apoi la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {80 miliarde }\par\pard\li2
160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei n 1938. }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Dac\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1933 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {datoria extern\uc1\u259X absorbea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {38,4% di
n buget, }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1938
ponderea acesteia s-a redus la 7%, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel
c\uc1\u259X achitarea ei }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {devenise suportabil\uc1\u259X pentru }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {contribuabilii romni, n 1941, cnd }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a suspendat plata datoriei externe, aceasta era de 63
miliarde lei. }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
tre 1922-1940, transferul peste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X de profit si de capital, }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpreun\uc1\u259X cu anuit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile
datoriei publice externe, s-a ridicat la }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {406 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {miliarde lei, adic\uc
1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13,4 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ori bu

getul na\uc1\u355Xional pe anul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, }\par\pard\li
2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel mai substan\uc1\u355Xial
buget din perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O problem\uc1\u259X cu care s-a confruntat
economia }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnea
sc\uc1\u259X a fost ac}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {a capitalului str\uc1\u259Xin, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1916, ponderea
}\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia n i
ndustria Romniei (vechiul Regat) era de circa 80% (n }\par\pard\li216
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industria petrolului procentul
atingea 98%). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmare a efortului }\par\p
ard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de dezvoltare prin for
\uc1\u355Xe proprii, a cresterii}\par\pard\li8213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {19}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft8400\shptop10093\shpright10120\shpbottom10093\shpfhdr0\s
hpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shplid2298\shpz40\shpbxpage\shpbypage













{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft10120\shptop11546\shpright10120\shpbottom11813\shpfhdr0\
shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shplid2343\shpz85\shpbxpage\shpbypage


\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterii }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {economice a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, prezen\uc1\u355Xa
capitalului str\uc1\u259Xin n }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {industrie s-a redus la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {37% (n ind
ustria petrolului acesta avea 70% din }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalul capitalului).}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Comer\uc1\u355Xul }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {exterior al Romniei s-a aflat la un nivel }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte sc\uc1\u259Xzut n }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X care
a cunoscut cresteri }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {notabile. Balan\uc1\u355Xa comercial\uc1\u259X a fost n general activ\uc
1\u259X, n anii }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
crizei economice s-a practicat o politic\uc1\u259X de for\uc1\u355
Xare a }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {export
ului, desi pre\uc1\u355Xurile produselor romnesti cunosteau o }\par\pard\li3360\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sc\uc1\u259Xdere sensibil\uc1\u259
X (n anul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1929, valoarea unei tone exportate era de
}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.000 lei, iar n
1932 de l .800 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei; dac\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {1929 se exportau 6,6 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tone }\par\pard\
li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de produse romnesti pentru
o ton\uc1\u259X de produse str\uc1\u259Xine, n }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1933 raportul era de 15,6 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {tone pentru o ton\uc1\u259X).}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmare a muta\uc1\u355Xiilor survenite n econo
mia }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355
Xional\uc1\u259X, cerea}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lele au pierdut primul loc l
a export, fiind nlocuite de }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {produsele petroliere (cu o pondere de 42% }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {din totalul exportului }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc). O alt\uc1\u259X caracteristic\uc1\u259

X o constituia cresterea }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {controlului de stat asupra comer\uc1\u355Xului exterior, care din
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1934 viza }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9/10 din totalul acestuia. In acelasi timp
s-au nregistrat o crestere a }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importului de materii prime (de la 9,6%, n 1930, la 33,8% n
1939) si o }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sc\u
c1\u259Xdere a importului de produse fabricate (de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {65%, n 1930, la }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {33% n 1939).}\par\pard\li3866\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Economia romneasc\uc1\u259X n}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {1938}\b0 \par\pard\li3866\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Muta}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xiile survenite n pe
rioada interbelic\uc1\u259X au }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {demonstrat o evolu\uc1\u355Xie pozitiv\uc1\u259X a
economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale, n }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industria ptoduc\uc1\
u259Xtoare de mijloace de produc\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xinea o pondere de }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {45,5%, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar cea produc\
uc1\u259Xtoare de }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {mijloace }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de consum de 54,5% }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {din totalul produc\uc1\u355Xiei}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { indu
striale, }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceea c
e indica o}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sensibil\uc1\u259X apropiere ntre cele
dou\uc1\u259X mari grupe. }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Pe ramuri, valoarea produc\uc1\u355Xiei se prezenta astfel: l }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chimic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(inclusiv petrol); }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {metalurgic\uc1\u259X;
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {textil\uc1\u259X;
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electrotehnic\uc1
\u259X; }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5) }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {piel\uc1\u259Xrie; }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6) hrtie
si arte grafice; 7) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alimentar\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard
\li3853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Contribu\uc1\u355Xia ramu
rilor economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale la produsul }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {social si la venitul na\uc1\u355Xional, n }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era urm\uc1\u259Xtoarea
:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols3\colno1\colw4320\colsr-0\colno2\colw1893\colsr-0\colno3\colw5226\pard\li3386
arscalex100 {Industrie}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {Ramura}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx1653\fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {Produsul social %}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
Venitul na\uc1\u355Xional }\i0 \par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx1560\*\tx
2306\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {39,0}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30,8}\tab
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {%}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pgh
sxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw6733\colsr-0\colno2\colw1040\c
olsr-0\colno3\colw666\colsr-0\colno4\colw3000\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agricultur\uc1\u259X si silvicultur\uc1\u259X}\par\pard
\li3373\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Construc\uc1\u355Xii}\par
\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transporturi}\par\pa
rd\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Circula\uc1\u355Xia m\u
c1\u259Xrfurilor}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Alte ramuri}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{30,1}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,4}\par\par
d\li26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,4}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
26\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {11,2}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,9}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\

par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14,9}\par\column
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {38,1}\par\pard\li26\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4,4}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,5}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li26\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,3}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3866\ri0\sl-3
46\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ramurile neagricole (industria, construc\
uc1\u355Xiile, }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
transporturile) aveau o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pondere de 50,8% n produsul
social si de }\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {41
,7% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n venitul na\uc1\u355Xional. Aceste}\par\pard\li
3346\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {20}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {date arat\uc1
\u259X limpede c\uc1\u259X Romnia ncetase s\uc1\u259X mai fie un stat }\par\pard\l
i2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agrar, devenind }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {stat agrar-industrial.
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Predominante erau }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderile industriale mici. }\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Enciclopedia Romniei }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {constata c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {98,8% din totalul ntreprinderilor}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau
mai pu\uc1\u355Xin de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 de persoana, }\par\pard\l
i2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n timp ce ntreprinderil
e cu peste 200 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de persoane aveau o }\pa
r\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pondere mai mic
\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0,1%. De-a lungul ntregii }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioade }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelice s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut o suprapopula\uc1\u355Xie
rural\uc1\u259X, adic\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de munc\uc1\u259X disponibil\uc1
\u259X n lumea satelor, care nu-si }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g\uc1\u259Xsea plasamentul dorit n activit\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u355Xi economice din mediul }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {urban.}\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Provinciile istorice unite n 1918 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
-au integrat armonios n }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {economia \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, unde le era locul firesc. O atest\u
c1\u259X puternica }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dezvoltare, dinamismul vie\uc1\u355Xii lor economice. Astfel, di
n }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259X
rul societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ilor anonime in
dustriale existente n 1939 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li2066\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvania, aproape trei sfertu
ri erau nfiin\uc1\u355Xate dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918.}\par\
pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Indicatorul cel m
ai sintetic privind dezvoltarea }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economic\uc1\u259X a unei \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {este }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {venitul na\uc1\u355Xi
onal }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe locuitor, n }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, acesta se prezenta astfel:
Romnia - 110 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dolari (alte surse }\par\pard\li2066
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indic\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {94 de dolari); Turcia - 62 dolari, Grecia - 76 dolari, Portugalia }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {81 dolari, Bul
garia - 89 dolari, Polonia -94 dolari, Iugoslavia - 106 dolari, }\par\pard\li206

6\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria -108 }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {dolari, Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 146 dolari, An
glia - 490 dolari, S.U.A. - }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {512 dolari (cel mai nalt din lume la acea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dat\uc1\u259X).}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Aceste date arat\uc1\u259X limpede c\uc1\u259X, desi era n urma unor }\par\par
d\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {state dezvoltate ale
lumii, Romnia se g\uc1\u259Xsea ntr-o }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xie avantajoas\uc1\u259X comparativ
cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statele vecine, de care o lega }\par\pard\li205
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un destin istoric comun.}\par\p
ard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfrngnd numeroase obstaco
le - ntre care distrugerile din timpul }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primului r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial, ravagiile cri
zei economice din }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1929-1933, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presiunea monopolurilor str\
uc1\u259Xine }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Romnia a }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut n perioada }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {interbelic\uc1\u259X o dezvoltare economic\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnificativ\uc1\u259X
.}\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8026\r
i0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\cols2\coln
o1\colw5413\colsr-0\colno2\colw6026\pard\li3813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a) }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Puterile statului}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {3 VI}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {A\uc1\u354XA POLITIC\uc1\u258X}\b0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
rd\li3813\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia di
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923, care de fapt prelua textul legii fundamenta
le }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 1866, pr
evedea la art. 33: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XToate puterile statul
ui eman\uc1\u259X de la }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {na\uc1\u355Xiune, care nu le poate exercita dect numai pr
in }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {delega\uc1\u
355Xiune si dup\uc1\u259X principiile si regulile asezate n }\par\pa
rd\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiunea
de fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X". Ea avea la baz\uc1\u259X principiul }
\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {separ\uc1\u259Xr
ii puterilor n stat n: putere legislativ\uc1\u259X, putere }\par\par
d\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executiv\uc1\u259X si pu
tere judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Puterea legislativ\uc1\u259X (Parlamentul). }\b0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918 }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinut Parlamentul bicameral, dar au survenit }\par

\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importante modific
\uc1\u259Xri n privin\uc1\u355Xa modului de alegere a }\par\pard\li32
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia, ca urmare a
introducerii votului universal. }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
923 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea: \uc1\u8222XPuterea legislativ\uc
1\u259X se }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ex
ercit\uc1\u259X n colectiv de rege si Reprezenta\uc1\u355Xiunea Na\uc1\u355Xional
\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rep
rezenta\uc1\u355Xiunea Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X se mparte n dou\uc1\u259X A
dun\uc1\u259Xri: }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Senatul si Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(art. 34). Se }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcea }\par\pard\li3280\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precizarea c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222
Xmembrii Adun\uc1\u259Xrilor reprezint\uc1\u259X na\uc1\u355Xiunea" }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {(art. }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {42). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor se compu
nea din deputa\uc1\u355Xi alesi de }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii romni }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{majori, prin vot universal, egal, direct, obligatoriu si }\par\pard\li3280\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secret pe baza}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {reprezent\uc1\u259Xrii minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor.}\par\pard\li37
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legisla\uc1\u355Xia electoral\
uc1\u259X prevedea c\uc1\u259X dreptul de vot, ca si }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drepturile politice n general, era
acordat numai pentru }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xii majori (de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{21 de ani n sus), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n privin\uc1\u355Xa femeilor, se }
\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilea c\uc1\u
259X \uc1\u8222Xlegi speciale, votate cu majoritate de dou\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {treimi, vor determina
condi\uc1\u355Xiunile sub care femeile pot avea }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exerci\uc1\u355Xiul drepturilor politice. Drept
urile civile ale femeilor }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {se vor stabili pe baza deplinei egalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi a celor d
ou\uc1\u259X sexe".}\par\pard\li3786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Pentru a fi eligibil n Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor, potrivit
}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u3
55Xiei din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se ce
rea: a fi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xean romn, a avea }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exerci\uc1\u355Xiul drepturilor civile si }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice, a avea vrsta de 25 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {de ani }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mplini
\uc1\u355Xi, a avea domiciliul n Romnia. Senatul se compun}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ea }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din sen
atori alesi si senatori de drept. Prima categorie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
era aleas\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii romni care aveau vrsta de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {40 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ani mplini\uc1\u355Xi,}\par\pard\li32
66\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn
12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li1986\ri
0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si de membrii consiliilor jude\uc1\u355Xene si de me
mbri: }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consiliil
or }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunale si urbane (c}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {te unul de fiecare jude\uc1\u355X), de }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membrii Camerelor de Comer\uc1\u355X, de I
ndustrie, de Munc\uc1\u259X si de }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {Agricultur\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cte unul din fiecare circumscrip\uc1\u355Xie si pen
tru }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiecare cat
egorie; de fiecare Universitate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {cte un senator, ales }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin votul profesorilor.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Erau membri de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {drept ai Senatului, n virtutea naltei }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xii de\uc1\u355Xinute n stat si n
biseric\uc1\u259X: mostenitorul tronului de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la vrsta de 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani mplini\uc1\u355Xi, el }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avnd
drept de vot deliberativ de la }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {vrsta de 25 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani mplini\uc1\u355Xi; mi
tropoli\uc1\u355Xii \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, episcopii eparhio\uc1\u355Xi ai }\p
ar\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Biseric}\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ii Ortodoxe Romne si Greco-Catolice; capii confesiun
ilor }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recunoscut
e de stat, cte unul de fiecare confesiune, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {dac\uc1\u259X au fost }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {alesi sau numi\uc1\u355Xi conform legilor \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr
ii si reprezint\uc1\u259X un num\uc1\u259Xr }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {peste 200.000 de cr
edinciosi, precum si reprezentantul superior religios }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al musulmanilor din Regat; presedintele A
cademiei Romne. Mandatul }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {acestor senatori nceta o dat\uc1\u259X cu calitatea sau demnitatea }\par
\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce le atribuia
dreptul. Deveneau senatori de drept: fostii }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai Consiliului de }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri, ntruct aveau o vechime }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pat
ru ani n aceast\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xie; fostii ministri avnd o
}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vechime de
cel pu\uc1\u355Xin sase ani; fostii presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai }\par\par
d\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corpurilor legislative,
care au exercitat aceast\uc1\u259X activitate cel }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pu\uc1\u355Xin n cursul a opt sesiuni
ordinare; fostii senatori si }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xi alesi n cel pu\uc1\u355Xin zece legisla
turi independent de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {durata lor; fostii prim-presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai naltei Cur\uc1\u355Xi de Cas
a\uc1\u355Xie si }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Justi\uc1\u355Xie, care au ocupat aceast\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xie
sau pe cea de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {presedinte la Casa\uc1\u355Xie cinci ani; generalii n rezerv
\uc1\u259X si n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {retragere; cei care au exercita}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {comanda unei armate n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inamicului, ca titular, timp de cel pu\uc1\u3
55Xin trei luni; cei care au }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ndeplinit func\uc1\u355Xia de sef al Marelui Stat Maj
or sau de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
nspector general de armat\uc1\u259X (comandant de armat\uc1\u259X),
n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp de
pace, cel pu\uc1\u355Xin patru ani; fostii presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xri
lor Na\uc1\u355Xionale de la Chisin\uc1\u259Xu, Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi
si Alba lulia, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{care au declarat Unirea cu Romnia.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {Cresterea num\uc1\u259Xrului senatorilor de drept a f\uc1\u2
59Xcut ca }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inter
esul partidelor politice pentru acest corp legiuitor s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\
li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sc\uc1\u259Xzut. In pr
actic\uc1\u259X, lupta electoral\uc1\u259X s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat, n }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principal, pent
ru ob\uc1\u355Xinerea unui num\uc1\u259Xr ct mai mare de }\par\pard\
li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuri n Adunarea Deputa\uc
1\u355Xilor, care era o oglind\uc1\u259X fidel\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezultatelor nregistrate la urne. Dur
ata mandatului, att al }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xilor, ct si al senatorilor, era de}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {4 ani.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Legea elec}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {toral\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {din 27 martie 1926 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a sporit
num\uc1\u259Xrul }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {senatorilor de drept, ad\uc1\u259Xugnd si pe presedintele }\par\p
ard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Dirigent din Ardeal. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elemente
le esen\uc1\u355Xialmente noi }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {introduse de aceast\uc1\u259X lege se refereau la ce
ntralizarea }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rez
ultatelor si reparti\uc1\u355Xia mandatelor. Dac\uc1\u259X pn\uc1\u259X
atunci }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest
ea}\par\pard\li7986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23}\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\m
argbsxn666\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-213\s
0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se centralizau la nivel de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jude\uc1\u355X, fiind proclama\uc1\u355Xi alesi candida
\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca
re au ntrunit cel mai mare num\uc1\u259Xr de voturi, noua lege }\pa
r\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilea c\uc1\u259
X voturile se centralizeaz\uc1\u259X la nivelul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii si apoi
}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se calculeaz
\uc1\u259X procentul ob\uc1\u355X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inut de }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiecare grupare n parte }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de num\uc1\u259Xrul tot
al al votan\uc1\u355Xilor pe ntreaga \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X; gruparea }\par\pard\
li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ob\uc1\u355Xinea cel
mai mare num\uc1\u259Xr de voturi, dar cel pu\uc1\u355Xin }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proc
ent de 40% }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de celela
lte grup\uc1\u259Xri, era declarat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grupare majoritar\uc1\u259X, iar celela
lte, grup\uc1\u259Xri m}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inoritare; pragul }\pa
r\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral era de 2
%, dar legea }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {admitea o excep\uc1\u355Xie: se prec
iza c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{din num\uc1\u259Xrul total al mandatelor stabilit pe ntreaga \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u
259X se }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reducea
u mandatele atribuite grup\uc1\u259Xrilor minoritare n }\par\pard\li300
0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circumscrip\uc1\u355Xiile und
e acestea au ntrunit majoritatea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {absolut\uc1\u259X, chiar dac\uc1\u259X pe ntreaga \uc1\u
355Xar\uc1\u259X nu au ob\uc1\u355Xinut procentul }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2%. }\fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apoi, mandatele se repartizau astfel: gruparea }
\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {majoritar\uc1\u2
59X primea jum\uc1\u259Xtate din num\uc1\u259Xrul mandatelor, iar }\

par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cealalt\uc1\u259X
jum\uc1\u259Xtate se mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xea ntre toate grupurile, inclusiv }\p
ar\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cea majoritar\uc
1\u259X, propor\uc1\u355Xional cu procentele de voturi }\par\pard\li300
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinute de fiecare di
ntre ele. n cazul n care nu se declara }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nici o grupare majoritar\uc1\u259X, mandatele se
mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xeau ntre }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {toate grup\uc1\u259Xrile propor\uc1\u355Xional cu procentul
ob\uc1\u355Xinut de fiecare }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {dintre ele. Num\uc1\u259Xrul total al deputa\uc1\u355Xilor a fost s
tabilit la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {387, iar }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel al senatorilor la 254 (dintre care 113
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alesi la colegiul universal). }\par\pard\li3000\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X lege afecta egalita
tea votului, deoarece puterea de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {desemnare a votului dat grup\uc1\u259Xrii majoritare
era mai mare }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {dect al celui dat grup\uc1\u259Xrilor minoritare.}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ini\uc1\u355Xiativa legislativ\uc1\u259X
apar\uc1\u355Xinea executivului }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(regelui) si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentarilor
. Proiectul de lege se discuta n comisia de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {specialitate, apoi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n co
misiile reunite, dup\uc1\u259X care se depunea n }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plen. Aici se vota luarea n considerare a proie
ctului, apoi }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ur
mau discu\uc1\u355Xia si votarea pe articole. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Dezbaterea se ncheia }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {prin votul general, care putea fi prin ridicare si sedere, prin v
iu grai sau }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pri
n scrutin secret (cu bile).}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Parlamentul avea drept de control asupra puterii executive. Potrivit
}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u
355Xiei, fiecare membru ai Adun\uc1\u259Xrii avea dreptul de }\par\pard\li3000\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a adresa ministrilor ntreb\uc1\u
259Xri si interpel\uc1\u259Xri, la care acestia }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau obliga\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X r\uc1\
u259Xspund\uc1\u259X. Fiecare Adunare trimitea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrilor peti\uc1\u355Xiile ce-i era
u adresate de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni; ministrii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau datori s\uc1\u259X dea explica\uc1\
u355Xii asupra acestor peti\uc1\u355Xii ori de cte }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ori Adunarea o cerea. Dac\uc1\u259X parlament
arii nu erau mul\uc1\u355Xumi\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de activitatea guvernului sau a unor minist
ri, puteau }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
pune mo\uc1\u355Xiune de cenzur\uc1\u259X; adoptarea acesteia atr\uc1
\u259Xgea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\u
c1\u259X sine demisia celor pusi n cauz\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deputa\uc1\u355Xii si senatorii se buc
urau de imunitate }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {parlamentar\uc1\u259X: \uc1\u8222XNici unul din membrii uneia sau celeil
alte }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u
259Xri nu poate fi urm\uc1\u259Xrit sau prigonit pentru opiniile si }\par\pard\l
i3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {voturile emise de dnsul n cur
sul exerci\uc1\u355Xiului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\p
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mandatului s\uc1\u259Xu" }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(art. 54). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un alt articol din
Constitu\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {prevedea: \uc1\u8222XNici un membru al uneia sau celeilalte Adun\uc1\u259X
ri }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu poate, n t
impul sesiunii, s\uc1\u259X fie nici urm\uc1\u259Xrit, nici arestat, }\par\pard\
li1653\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n materie de represiune, de
ct cu autorizarea Adun\uc1\u259Xrii din }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care face parte, afar\uc1\u259X de cazul de flagrant del
ict. Dac\uc1\u259X ar fi }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {arestat preventiv sau urm\uc1\u259Xrit n timpul cnd sesiun
ea era }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nchis\u
c1\u259X, urm\uc1\u259Xrirea sau arestarea trebuie supuse aprob\uc1\u
259Xrii }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc
1\u259Xrii din care face parte, ndat\uc1\u259X dup\uc1\u259X deschid
erea }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sesiunii C
orpurilor legiuitoare. Deten\uc1\u355Xia sau urm\uc1\u259Xrirea unui }\par\pard\
li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membru al uneia sau celeil
alte Adun\uc1\u259Xri este suspendat\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timpul sesiunii, dac\uc1\u259X Adunarea o cere"
}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 55).}\par\pard\li2146\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Puterea executiv\uc1\u259X (Guvernul). }\b0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conducerea treburilor }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {curente ale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
tatului era asigurat\uc1\u259X de guvern. Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }
\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923 prevedea la
art. 92: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XGuvernul exercit\uc1\u259X put
erea executiv\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n numele regelui". Modul de alc\uc1\u259Xtuire a guvernului nu era }\par
\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte clar stab
ilit prin Constitu\uc1\u355Xie. Legea fundamental\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X \uc
1\u8222XMinistrii ntruni\uc1\u355Xi alc\uc1\u259Xtuiesc Consiliul de }\pa
r\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri, care este
prezidat, cu titlul de presedinte al Consiliului de Ministri, }\par\pard\li1640
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de acela care a fost ns
\uc1\u259Xrcinat de rege cu formarea }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului", n leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu persoa
na pe care regele o putea }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {desemna pentru constituirea guvernului existau dou\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interdic\uc1\
u355Xii: a) \uc1\u8222XNu poate fi ministru dect cel care}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { este romn }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sau cel pu\uc1\u355Xin care a dobndit naturalizarea" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(art. 94). b) \uc1\u8222XNici un }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {membai al familiei regale nu poate fi ministru"
(art. 95). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De regul\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li
1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele ncredin\uc1\u355Xa
unei persoane mandatul de a forma }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul, iar aceasta alc\uc1\u259Xtuia lis
ta ministrilor pe ca}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re o }\par\pard\li1640\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezenta suveranului pentru a o a
proba prin decret. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Faptul c\uc1\u259X regele }\par
\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era \uc1\u8222Xcapul
puterii armate", iar militarii nu aveau dreptul s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1640\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fac\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X,
a creat obiceiul ca suveranul s\uc1\u259X-1 propun\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li1640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe ministrul ap\uc1\u259X
r\uc1\u259Xrii na\uc1\u355Xionale.}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {Legea pentru organizarea ministerelor }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {a fost publicat\uc1\u259X abia }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august 1929. }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceasta stabilea c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xregele de
semneaz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {persoana ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu formare
a guvernului. Decretul de numire a }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintelui Consiliului se }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
ontrasemneaz\uc1\u259X de presedintele de }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliu dem}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {isionat sau
revocat; el poate fi contrasemnat si de noul }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte de Consiliu". Decretul de num
ire a ministrilor era }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {contrasemnat de presedintele Consiliului. Primul }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ministru si ministrii }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {intrau n func\uc1\u355Xiune dup\uc1\u259X depunerea urm\uc1\u2
59Xtorului jur\uc1\u259Xmnt }\par\pard\li1613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {n fa\uc1\u355Xa regelui: \uc1\u8222XJur s\uc1\u259X respect Constitu
\uc1\u355Xiunea si legile \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1613
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xr drepturile ei si s
\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xstrez secretele de stat" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art
. 3).}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Serviciile
statului erau grupate pe ministere, iar ministrul era seful }\par\pard\li1640\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administra\uc1\u355Xiei minister
ului s\uc1\u259Xu. Erau stabilite prin lege }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zece mi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {niste
re, si}\par\pard\li7680\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25}\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn6
66\margbsxn666\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-2
0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anume: Ministerul de Inte
rne, Ministerul de Externe, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerul de Finan\uc1\u355Xe, Ministerul de Justi\
uc1\u355Xie, Ministerul }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Instruc\uc1\u355Xiunii Publice si al Cultelor, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Ministerul Armatei, Ministerul }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agriculturii si Domeniilor, Ministerul }\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Industriei si Comer\uc1\u355Xului, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerul Muncii, Ministerul S\uc1\u2
59Xn\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si Ocrotirii Sociale. Se }\par\pard\li312
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preciza c\uc1\u259X ministe
rele si subsecretariatele de stat nu se }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau nfiin\uc1\u355Xa si desfiin\uc1\
u355Xa dect prin lege; num\uc1\u259Xrul }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {subsecretariatelor de stat nu putea dep
\uc1\u259Xsi num\uc1\u259Xrul }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ministerelor; repartizarea lor pe ministere se f\uc
1\u259Xcea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decret regal. Potrivit art. 28, \uc1\u8222XPresed
intele Consiliului de Ministri este }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seful }\par\par
d\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului". Legea st
abilea atribu\uc1\u355Xiile fiec\uc1\u259Xrui minister n }\par\pard\li312
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {precum si structura acestora. Ulterior, prin decret}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {e regale s-au }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nfiin\uc1\u355Xat noi ministere, iar altele s-au scindat; de asemenea, }\par
\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au instituit n
oi func\uc1\u355Xii: vicepresedintele Consiliului de }\par\pard\li3120\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri (n octombrie 1}\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {932) si ministri de stat (din octombrie 1930). }\par\pard\li312
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fapt, s-a ajuns, dup\uc1\u259X

numai doi ani de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea legii din }\par\pard
\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august 1929, }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {la o dublare a num\uc1\u259Xrului de ministri si }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {secretari de }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {stat.}\par\pard\li3640\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {Puterea judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X (Justi\uc1\u355Xia). }\b0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cea de-a treia }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ramur\uc1\u259X a puterii de stat era justi\uc1\u
355Xia. Potrivit articolului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40 }\par\pard\li3106\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Constitu\uc1\u355Xie, \uc
1\u8222XPuterea judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X se exercit\uc1\u259X de
}\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organele ei. Ho
t\uc1\u259Xrrile lor se pronun\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X n virtutea legii si se }\par\pa
rd\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {execut\uc1\u259X n n
umele regelui". Pentru ntregul stat exista o }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {singur\uc1\u259X Curte de Casa\uc1\u355
Xie si Justi\uc1\u355Xie; aceasta avea dreptul s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3106\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {judece constitu\uc1\u355Xionalitate
a legilor si s\uc1\u259X le declare }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inaplicabile pe}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { cel
e care erau }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contrare Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei. Judec\
uc1\u259Xtorii }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
erau inamovibili, Constitu\uc1\u355Xia subliniind: \uc1\u8222XCel v\uc1
\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xmat n }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {drepturile sale, fie printr-un act administrativ de autoritate, }\par\p
ard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fie printr-un act
de gestiune f\uc1\u259Xcut n c\uc1\u259Xutarea legilor si }\par\par
d\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regulamentelor, fie
prin rea-voin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor }\par\
pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrative de a r
ezolva cererea privitoare la un drept, }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poate face cerere la instan\uc1\u355Xele
judec\uc1\u259Xtoresti pentru }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {recunoasterea dreptului s\uc1\u259Xu. Organele puterii
judiciare }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jud
ec\uc1\u259X dac\uc1\u259X actul este ilegal, l pot anula sau pot pronun\uc1\u35
5Xa }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {daune civ
ile pn\uc1\u259X la data restabilirii dreptului v\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X
mat, }\par\pard\li3106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avnd si c\u
c1\u259Xderea de a judeca si cererea de desp\uc1\u259Xgubire, fie }\par\pard\li3
106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contra autorit\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xii administrative, chemate n judecat\uc1\u259X, fie }\par\pard\l
i3106\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contra func\uc1\u355Xionaru
lui vinovat" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 107).}\par\pard\li3626\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iunie 1924 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
fost adoptat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Legea pentru unificarea j
ude-}\b0 \par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {c\uc1
\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care se pr
evedea organizarea de }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {judec\uc1\u259Xtorii urbane, rurale si mixte, de tribunale (n capitale
}\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de jude\uc1\u3
55X), a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cur\uc1\u35
5Xi de Apel, precum si a unei nalte Cur\uc1\u355Xi de }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Casa\uc1\u355Xie si Justi\uc1\u355Xie,
care judeca situa\uc1\u355Xiile excep\uc1\u355Xi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {onale }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(co
nstitu\uc1\u355Xionalitatea legilor, acuza\uc1\u355Xiile aduse ministrilor).}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margts
xn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2240\ri0\s

2240\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fiecare capital\uc1\u259X d
e jude\uc1\u355X exista un tribunal cu una }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sau mai multe sec\uc1\u355Xiuni; fiecare se
c\uc1\u355Xiune avea un }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {presedinte, cel pu\uc1\u355Xin doi judec\uc1\u259Xtori de sedin\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X, unul sau }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {doi suplean\uc1\u355Xi, precum si grefieri, ajutori de
grefieri si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
impiega\uc1\u355Xi. Pe lng\uc1\u259X judec\uc1\u259Xtorii de sedin\uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259X, fiecare tribunal }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {avea judec\uc1\u259Xtori cu ns\uc1\u259Xrcin\uc1\u259Xri speciale
(de instruc\uc1\u355Xie, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sindic, pentru tutel\uc1\u259X, pentru infrac\uc1\u355Xiun
ile minorilor). Pe }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {lng\uc1\u259X tribunalele din Tulcea, Constan\uc1\u355Xa, Silistra si Dur
ostor }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\
u355Xiona cte un \uc1\u8222XCadiat" care judeca dup\uc1\u259X legile si uzurile }
\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {musulmane afacer
ile civile dintre mahomedani, privitoare }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la organizarea familiei, puterea p\uc1\u259Xri
nteasc\uc1\u259X, divor\uc1\u355X, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xtorie, succesiuni. Pe lng\uc1\u259X f
iecare tribunal func\uc1\u355Xiona o }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curte de Jura\uc1\u355Xi, care judeca afaceri
criminale, delicte }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {politice si de pres\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerul Public sau Parchetul se compunea: la nalta Curte
de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Casa\uc1\u35
5Xie, dintr-un procuror general si sase procurori; la }\par\pard\l
i1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cur\uc1\u355Xile de Apel,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-un procuror gene
ral si un num\uc1\u259Xr de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {procurori prev\uc1\u259Xzu\uc1\u355Xi de fiecare }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Curte; la tribunale, dintr-un }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {procuror cap de parchet si un substitut.
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Procurorul general al Cur\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li
1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Casa\uc1\u355Xie avea
dreptul s\uc1\u259X atace cu recurs toate actele }\par\pard\li172
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {judec\uc1\u259Xtoresti contrare
legii.}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Con}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {siliul Suprem al Magistraturii era alc\uc1\u25
9Xtuit din: }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
olegiul presedin\uc1\u355Xial al naltei Cur\uc1\u355Xi de Casa\uc1\u35
5Xie; primii }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai Cur\uc1\u355Xilor de Apel sau presedintele (unde exista }
\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o singur\uc1\u
259X sec\uc1\u355Xie); inspectorii judec\uc1\u259Xtoresti; ministrul d
e }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {justi\uc1\u35
5Xie sau delegatul s\uc1\u259Xu. Consiliul si d\uc1\u259Xdea avizul asupra }\par\
pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {confirm\uc1\u259Xrilo
r, numirilor si naint\uc1\u259Xrilor magistra\uc1\u355Xilor, asupra }\par\pard\li
1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {altor chestiuni puse de
ministrul de justi\uc1\u355Xie; a valid\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li170
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {examenelor de magistrat; a conf
irm\uc1\u259Xrii celor propusi s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declara\uc1\u355Xi inamovibili }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {etc.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Legea prevedea c\uc1\u259X magistra\uc1\u355Xii nu puteau ocupa o alt\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355X
ie public\uc1\u259X, nu puteau fi alesi n Parlament sau n }\par\p

ard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consiliile comunale
si jude\uc1\u355Xene, nu puteau s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li1706\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrator sau cenzor n s
ociet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi comerciale. Se }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {excepta calitatea de profesor la Facultatea de Dr
ept sau la }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o sc
oal\uc1\u259X superioar\uc1\u259X din orasul de resedin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X al m
agistratului.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
Monarhia (Regele). }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1918, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a continuat s\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fie un sta
t cu regim monarhic-constitu\uc1\u355Xional. n sistemul }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic al \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri
i, regele ocupa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un loc central. Potrivit
legii }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundam
entale din 1923, \uc1\u8222XPuterile }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constitu\
uc1\u355Xionale ale regelui }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {sunt ereditare n linie cobortoare direct\uc1\u259X si
legitim\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Majest\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Sale regelui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Carol I de Hohenzollern Sigmaringen din }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b\uc1\u259Xrbat n b\uc1\u259Xrbat pr
in ordinul de primogenitur\uc1\u259X si cu }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {excluderea perpetu\uc1\u259X a}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {femeilor si cobortorilor lor" (art. 77).}\par\pard\li7733\ri0
\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgws
xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li3746\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La urcarea pe tron, regele depunea urm\uc1\u25
9Xtorul }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jur\uc1
\u259Xmnt: \uc1\u8222XJur a p\uc1\u259Xzi Constitu\uc1\u355Xiunea si
legile poporului }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {romn, a men\uc1\u355Xine drepturile lui na\uc1\u355Xionale si i
ntegritatea }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ter
itoriului" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 82). Articolul 88 }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {din Constitu\uc1\u355Xie stabilea }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {prerogativele }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {suveranului: \uc1\u8222XRegele numeste si revoc\uc1\u259X
pe }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrii s\
uc1\u259Xi. El sanc\uc1\u355Xioneaz\uc1\u259X si promulg\uc1\u259X legile. El p
oate }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {refuza s
anc\uc1\u355Xionarea sa. El are dreptul de amnistie n }\par\pard\li3
226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materie politic\uc1\u259X. A
re dreptul de a ierta sau de a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {micsora }\par
\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe}\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {depsele n materii criminale, afar\uc1\u259X de ceea ce
se }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statornices
te n privin\uc1\u355Xa ministrilor.}\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {El nu poate suspenda cursul urm\uc1\u259Xrii sau al judec\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nici a interveni prin nici un mod n administra\uc1\u355Xia justi\uc1\u355Xie
i.}\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El numeste sa
u confirm\uc1\u259X n func\uc1\u355Xiile publice}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { pot
rivit }\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legilor.}
\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El nu poate crea
o nou\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xiune f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X lege special\uc1\u259
X.}\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El face r
egulamente necesare pentru executarea }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legilor, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X p

oat\uc1\u259X vreodat\uc1\u259X modifica sau suspenda }\par\pard\li3213\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legile si nu poate scuti pe nimeni
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executarea lor.}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El este capul puterii armate.}\par\pard\li3733\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El confer\uc1\u259X gradele milit
are n conformitate cu legea.}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {El va conferi decora\uc1\u355Xiunile romne conform unei }\par\pard\li
3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anumite legi.}\par\pard\li37
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El are dreptul de a bate moned
\uc1\u259X conform unei legi }\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {speciale.}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {El ncheie cu statele str\uc1\u259Xine conven\uc1\u355Xiunile
necesare }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru
comer\uc1\u355X, na-viga\uc1\u355Xiune si alte asemenea; ns\uc1\u259X pentru }\p
ar\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca aceste acte s\u
c1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X autoritate ndatoritoare, trebuie mai }\par\pard\li3213\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nti a fi supuse puterii legislative si
aprobate de ea".}\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Articolul 90 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preciza c\uc1\u259X regele \
uc1\u8222Xdeschide sesiunea }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xrilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legiuitoare pr}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in Mesaj", la care Adunarea si Senatul }\par\pard\li3
200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adopt\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xsp
unsurile la Mesaj. Regele pronun\uc1\u355Xa nchiderea }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sesiunii, putea convoca Parlamentul
n sesiune }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ex
traordinar\uc1\u259X. Deosebit de importante erau urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele
}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevederi: }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XEl [regele - n.n.] are dreptul d
e a dizolva am}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bele }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xri deodat\uc1\u259X sau num
ai una din ele. Actul de dizolvare }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuie s\uc1\u259X con\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X convocarea ale
g\uc1\u259Xtorilor pn\uc1\u259X n dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luni de zile si a Adun\uc1\u259Xrilor pn\uc1\u259X
n trei luni. Regele poate }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {amna Adun\uc1\u259Xrile; oricum, amnarea nu poate dep\uc1\
u259Xsi }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termenu
l de o lun\uc1\u259X, nici a fi rennoit\uc1\u259X n aceeasi sesiune }\par\pard\li
3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X consi
m\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul Adun\uc1\u259Xrilor".}\par\pard\li3706\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Articolul 34 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stipul
a c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222XPuterea legislativ\uc1\u259X era exercitat\uc1\u259X }\
par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colectiv de c\
uc1\u259Xtre rege si Reprezenta\uc1\u355Xiunea Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u25
9X", }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alc\uc1\u2
59Xtuit\uc1\u259X din dou\uc1\u259X Adui\uc1\u259Xri. }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Potrivit articolului 35, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XI
ni\uc1\u355Xiativa }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {legilor este dat\uc1\u259X fiec\uc1\u259Xreia din cele trei }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ramuri ale puterii }\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legislative".}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\mar
gtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2426\ri
\li2426\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Articolul 39 }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {gl\uc1\u259Xsuia: \uc1\u8222XPuterea executiv\uc1\u259X este ncr
edin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {regelui, care o exercit\uc1\u259X n mod regulat prin Constitu\uc1\u3

55Xiune", }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar
la articolul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {92 se preciza: \uc1\u8222XGuve
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rnul exercit\uc1\u259X puterea }\par\pard\li190
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executiv\uc1\u259X n numele
regelui, n modul stabilit prin }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiune".}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La articolul 40 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ci
tim: \uc1\u8222XPuterea judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X se exercit\uc1\u259X }\
par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de organele ei. H
ot\uc1\u259Xrrile lor se pronun\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X n virtutea legii }\par\pard\li
1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si se execut\uc1\u259X n nume
le }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui".}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conform articolului 87, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8222XPersoana regelui este inviolabil\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministrii lui sunt r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\
u259Xtori. Nici un act al regelui nu poate }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea t\uc1\u259Xrie dac\uc1\u259X nu va fi contrasem
nat de un ministru, care }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {prin aceasta chiar devine r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor de
acel act", n }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Constitu\uc1\u355Xie se f\uc1\u259Xc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea precizarea:
\uc1\u8222Xn nici un caz ordinul verbal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sau }\par\
pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scris al regelui nu p
oate ap\uc1\u259Xra pe ministru de r\uc1\u259Xspundere" }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(articolul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{97). De asemenea, la articolul 98 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se spunea: \
uc1\u8222XFiecare }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {din ambele Adun\uc1\u259Xri, precum si regele au dreptul de a cere }\par\pard
\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrirea mini
strilor si}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { a-i trimite }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {naintea naltei Cur\uc1\u355Xi de }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Casa\uc1\u355Xie si Justi\uc1\u355Xie, care singur\
uc1\u259X, n sec\uc1\u355Xiuni }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- unite, este n drept
}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a-i judeca".}\p
ar\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regele avea ini\uc
1\u355Xiativa, al\uc1\u259Xturi de Adun\uc1\u259Xrile legiuitoare, }\par\pard\li
1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de a revizui Constitu\uc1\u3
55Xia n total sau n parte (articolul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {129), }\par\pard
\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar revizuirea se f
\uc1\u259Xcea de Adun\uc1\u259Xri \uc1\u8222Xn acord cu regele" }\par\
pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(articolul}{ }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {130).}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Legea fundamental\uc1\u259X avea la baz\uc1\u259X principiu
l potrivit }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\
uc1\u259Xruia \uc1\u8222Xregele domneste, dar nu guverneaz\uc1\u259X",
ns\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
revederile concrete erau susceptibile de interpret\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pa
rd\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diferite, n fond, nu exi
sta ramur\uc1\u259X a activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de stat n }\par\pard\li1906\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care monarhul s\uc1\u259X nu fie i
mplicat.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regele
Romniei era, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1914, }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {Ferdinand I, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a adus }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {contribu\uc1\u355Xie important\uc1\u259X la realizarea Marii Un
iri si la }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
ezvoltarea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii ntregite. El a fost influen\uc1\u355Xat de o c
amaril\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(regina }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maria, Barbu Stirbey) si }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {s-a bazat pe Ion I.C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, pe }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\s

l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care-1 considera \uc1\u8222Xzodia bun\
uc1\u259X a Romniei". }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ferdinand I nu a fost }\par\pa
rd\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un \uc1\u8222Xarbitru" n
disputa dintre partidele politice, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece a nclin
at }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntotdeauna ba
lan\uc1\u355Xa n favoarea P.N.L. n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, 1919 si 1
925, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principele
mostenitor Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a renun\uc1\u355Xat la calitate
a sa. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31 }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1925, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consil
iul de Coroan\uc1\u259X a acceptat renun\uc1\u355Xarea }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol,
n ziua de 4 ianuarie 1926, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Na\uc
1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Constituant\uc1\u259X a primit renun\uc1\u355Xarea lui }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Carol si a proclamat ca }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {succesor pe Mihai; deoarece acesta }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {era minor, s-a hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instituirea unei Regen\uc1\u355Xe.
S-a apelat la articolul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {83 din }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xie, c
are prevedea: \uc1\u8222XRegele, n via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fiind, poa
te }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numi o R
egen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, compus\uc1\u259X din trei persoane, care,
dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
oartea regelui, s\uc1\u259X exercite puterile regale n timpul }\par\
pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xii succesorului tronului. Aceast\uc1\u259X numire se va face}\par\pard\li7
960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpa
ge\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn626\pard\
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu primirea Reprezenta\uc1\u355Xiunii Na\uc1\u355Xi
onale". Regen\uc1\u355Xa exercita, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {totodat\uc1\u259X, si tutela asupra \uc1\u8222Xsuccesorului
tronului n timpul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii lui".}\par\pard\li
3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 20 iulie 1927 }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {a ncetat din via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X regele }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Ferdinand, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X a intrat n func\uc1\u355Xi
une Regen\uc1\u355Xa, deoarece }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Mihai I }\b0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era minor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(avea doar 6 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani). Dup\uc1\u259
X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trei ani, n ziua de 6 iunie 1930, principele Carol
}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a sosit n \uc1\
u355Xar\uc1\u259X, iar la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 iunie a devenit rege su
b numele de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Carol al II-}\b0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {lea. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Fostul suveran a devenit mostenitorul tronului si a primit titlul de }\par\
pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XMare Voiev
od de Alba lulia".}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Obiectivul central al ac\uc1\u355Xiunii lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Caro
l al II-lea a fost cresterea }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {rolului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {monarhiei n via\uc1\u355Xa de
stat. Acest o}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {biectiv a fost atins la 10 }\par\pard\
li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie 1938, cnd - }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o atmosfer\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X extr
em de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tension
at\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a rec

urs la o lovitur\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de stat, impunnd apoi, l
a 27 }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie
1938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o nou\uc1\u259X Constitu\uc1\u355Xie
prin care prerogativele }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {suveranului erau mult sporite. Regimul s\uc1\u259Xu }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- de autoritate }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {monarhic\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a durat pn\uc1\u259X la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {6 septembrie 1940, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd a fost }\par\
pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nevoit s\uc1\u259X
abdice. La tron a revenit fiul s\uc1\u259Xu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {Mihai, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalele prerogative regale fu
seser\uc1\u259X preluate de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {generalul Ion Antonescu, devenit \uc1\u8222Xconduc\uc1\u259Xtor
ul statului".}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
b) Func\uc1\u355X}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ionarea regimului democratic
}\b0 \par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259X
din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1866, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elita polit
ic\uc1\u259X din Romnia a optat pentru }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea unei Constitu\uc1\u355Xii \uc1\u8222Xcroite" du
p\uc1\u259X modelul belgian, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {adic\uc1\u259X cel mai democratic din Europa acelei p
erioade. }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ulteri
or, s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o acerb\uc1\u259X disput\uc1\u259X n jurul \uc1\u8222
Xformelor }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259X fond", adic\uc1\u259X al unei legisla\uc1\u355Xii
moderne, impus\uc1\u259X unei }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi aflate la nceputul emancip
\uc1\u259Xrii sale politice. }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Disputa s-a atenuat dup\uc1\u259X primul r\uc1\u259Xz
boi mondial, dar }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {problema n sine a r\uc1\u259Xmas: n ce m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X legile }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratice }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptate s-au aplicat efectiv}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { si ct de real\uc1\u259X era democra\uc1\u355Xia n }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 1917, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\
uc1\u355Xia a fost modificat\uc1\u259X, introducndu-}\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se votul universal, egal, direct si secret p
entru to\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xi). Decretul-lege
din noiembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{detalia }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preved
erile constitu\uc1\u355Xionale, aducnd preciz\uc1\u259Xri importante. }\par\pa
rd\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru a fi ales n Aduna
rea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor sau n Senat, pe }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lng\uc1\u259X condi\uc1\u355Xiile de vrst\uc1\u259X se ce
rea: a fi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xean romn; }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avea exerci\uc1\u355Xiul drepturilor civile
si politice; a avea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {domiciliul real n Romnia. Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii primeau certifi
cat de }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aleg\uc1
\u259Xtor; cei care nu-si exercitau \uc1\u8222Xf\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
temei legitim" }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dreptul de vot erau amenda\uc1\u355Xi cu sume variind ntre }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {20 si 500 }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {lei.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Intro
ducerea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {votului universal }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {a avut ca rezultat cresterea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\

slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spectaculoas\uc1\u259X a num\uc1\u259Xrului
de aleg\uc1\u259Xtori, mutarea centrului }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de greutate al vie\uc1\u355Xii electorale de
la oras la sat si }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {schimbarea modului de desf\uc1\u259Xsurare a luptei politice. Dac\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1
\u259X la r\uc1\u259Xzboi, n regimul votului pe colegii, existau}\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsx
n666\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
86\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circa 100.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de aleg\uc1\u259Xtori cu vot direct, dup\uc1\u259X adoptarea legii }\par\par
d\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale, num\uc1\u25
9Xrul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestora a crescut la cteva milioan
e (4,6 }\par\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioan
e n 1937). n 1914, un deputat era ales de aproximativ 400 }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni; decretul-lege din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1
918 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilea c\uc1\u259X un deputat era }\par\
pard\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales de }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {30.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
eni, iar prin decretul-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lege din 1920 - de }\par\p
ard\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {50.000 }\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni, adic\uc1\u259X de }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {125 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ori mai mul\uc1\u355Xi comparati
v }\par\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu perioada a
ntebelic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Circa 80% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din popula\uc1\u355Xia Romniei tr\uc
1\u259Xia n sate, astfel c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea a devenit principala
mas\uc1\u259X electoral\uc1\u259X, iar centrul }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de greutate al confrunt\uc1\u259Xrilor }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {politice n timpul alegerilor s-a mutat }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e la or
as la \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X. S-a schimbat si modul de desf\uc1\u259Xsurare a }\
par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campaniei elect
orale; dac\uc1\u259X pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1914 un
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {candidat i }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea vizita la domiciliu pe to\uc1\u355Xi aleg\uc1\u2
59Xtorii din circumscrip\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sa, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile votului universal el trebuia s\uc
1\u259X se adreseze }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {zecilor de mii de oameni, s\uc1\u259X participe la numeroase ntruniri }\par\
pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale, s\uc1\u
259X tin\uc1\u259X discursuri n medii foarte variate (la }\par\pard\
li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cluburi, la crciumi, n pie\u
c1\u355Xe publice }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {s\uc1\u259X se }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adreseze unui }\par\pard\li145
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {public extrem de eterogen
(mari proprietari, muncitori, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259Xrani, }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in
telectuali, negustori }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.). Liderii politici - sef
ii de partide, ministrii }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {etc. -}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xceau adev\uc1\u259Xrate
turnee electorale n toate provinciile }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {istorice, pentru a convinge aleg\uc1\u259Xtorii c\uc1\u2
59X reprezint\uc1\u259X pe to\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnii si nu doar pe cei din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {anumite zone geog}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rafice, n timpul }\par\pard\li14
53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campaniei electorale, oras

ele si satele Romniei erau }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mpnzite cu afise, con\uc1\u355Xinnd programele partidelor care s
e }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentau n
alegeri, informa\uc1\u355Xii despre candida\uc1\u355Xii care }\par\par
d\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cereau voturile cet\uc1\
u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor. Nu lipseau ndemnurile de a nu fi }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vota\uc1\u355Xi rivalii politici,
care ar urm\uc1\u259Xri obiective egoiste, n }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {defavoarea \uc1\u355Xrii.}\par\pard\li1960
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La rndul lor, aleg\uc1\u259Xtorii
au devenit extrem de activi si }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {interesa\uc1\u355Xi de promisiunile f\uc1\u259Xcute, stiind c\u
c1\u259X votul lor cnt\uc1\u259Xrea }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {greu n balan\uc1\u355Xa victoriei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {electorale a unui partid sau altul, ntrunirile }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale au avut un rol important }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {n cresterea gradului de implicare }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor Romniei
n via\uc1\u355Xa public\uc1\u259X, aceasta fiind o }\par\pard\li1453\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expresie elocvent\uc1\u259X a
caracterului democratic al regimului }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din perioada
i}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nterbelic\uc1\u259X. Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii a
u avut dese prilejuri de }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {a participa la via\uc1\u355Xa electoral\uc1\u259X si la alegerile par
lamentare, n }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {int
ervalul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919-1937, n Romnia s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat zece alegeri }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si pe
ntru Senat (n}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, 1920, 1922, }\par\pard\li1453\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1926,1927,1928,1931, 1932, 1933,'
1937).}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este o
realitate c\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {evolu\uc1\u355Xia p
artidelor politice }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {depins n bun\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259X
sur\uc1\u259X de influen\uc1\u355Xa lor electoral\uc1\u259X. Astfel, }
\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Conse
rvator-Progresist si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Conservator-Democ
rat }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au disp\uc1
\u259Xrut din via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {192
2, cnd }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu au ob\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{inut nici un }\par\pard\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
loc n Parlament. Partidul Poporului a avut un rol politic major n anii }\par\pard
\li1453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919-1920, }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {cnd s-a bucurat de o larg\uc1\u259X sus\uc1\u355Xinere}\par\pard\l
i7480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
page\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\par
f0\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-373\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popular\uc1\u259X, dup\uc1\u259X care a intrat ntr
-un accentuat declin. Pentru }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {a nu deveni o \uc1\u8222Xamintire istoric\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {", gruparea lui Octavian Goga s-a }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desprins n 1932 din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Partidul Poporului si a constituit o nou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xie poli
tic\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partid
ul Na\uc1\u355Xional-Agrar.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Abaterea de la linia programatic\uc1\u259X pe baza c\u
c1\u259Xreia un }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10

0 {partid a ob\uc1\u355Xinut ncrederea electoratului a generat reac
\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un
or lideri politici. Spre exemplu, n 1928, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, afisnd un larg progr
am de reforme, a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {77,76% }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din totalul votu
rilor. Dar, foarte curnd, s-a obsen'at }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xera nou\uc1\u259X" promis\uc1
\u259X de na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti a r\uc1
\u259Xmas un }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
slogan electoral, n fa\uc1\u355Xa acestei situa\uc1\u355Xii, Constantin Stere a
}\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nevoit
s\uc1\u259X-si prezinte demisia din Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\p
ard\li2946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u259Xnesc. In scrisoarea trimis\uc1\u259X lui luliu Maniu, }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {presedintele }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {partidului, n aprilie 1930, acesta aprecia: \uc1\u8222XDe
la venirea la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crm\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li294
6\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Na\uc1\u355Xional-\u
c1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, abateri succesive de la principii }\par\pard\
li2946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si o serie de m\uc1\u259X
suri si acte, pe care }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {cum sti\uc1\u355Xi, domnule }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- am avut }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mereu onoarea si durerea s\uc1\u259X le dezaprob }\par\pard\l
i2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca necompatibile cu metodel
e de guvernare democratic\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentar\uc1\u259X, ca si cu ideologia noastr\uc1\u25
9X, au creat n jurul }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {partidului o atmosfer\uc1\u259X destul de neprielnic\uc1\u259X,
pentru ca s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {poat\uc1\u259X fi cu succes dezl\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355Xuit\uc1
\u259X o companie de nimic }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {justificat\uc1\u259X, care a dus guvernul prezidat de dumnea
voastr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ntr-un impas", n mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1931, Constantin Ste
re }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntemeieze Partidul \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259Xnesc-Democrat. n noiembrie }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1932, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u35
5Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc a fost p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsit de
gruparea }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui
Grigore lunian, care a constituit Partidul Radical-}\par\pard\li2946\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xne
sc.}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O expresie
a regimului democratic sunt partidele politice care }\par\pard\li
2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezint\uc1\u259X curent
e de opi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nie, interese ale anumitor grup
uri }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socio-profe
sionale, etnice etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X
, Romnia a }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut
un larg evantai de partide politice: de dreapta (Partidul }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conservator-Progresist, }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Partidul Conservator-Democrat), de centru }\par\pard\li2933
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Partidul National-Liberal, }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Poporului), de centai-stnga }\par\pard\
li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Partidul \uc1\u354X\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\
u259Xnesc), de stnga }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100 {(Partidul Socialist, Partidul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Social-Democ
rat), de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem\uc1\u259X-stng }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Partidul Comunist din Romnia),
de extrem\uc1\u259X-dreapt\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Legiunea Arhanghelul M}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ihail - Garda de Fier); de asemenea, au }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {par
tide ale minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale (Partidul Maghiar, }
\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Germa
n. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Evreiesc s.a.). Fiecare partid
avea un }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
ogram si ideologie, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propunea solu\uc1\u355Xii propr
ii privind dezvoltarea }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {statului romn. Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {enilor
li se ofereau o multitudine de \uc1\u8222Xvariante", }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putnd opta, prin vot, asupra uneia sau al
teia.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
r\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dinamica partidelor
politice a reflectat, n bun\uc1\u259X parte, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capacitatea acestora de a propune solu\uc
1\u355Xii adecvate }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {pentru problemele cu care se confrunta Romnia. Este un }\par\pard\li1773\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fapt c\uc1\u259X Partidul }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal s-a aflat la putere circa l O ani din 20 }\
par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai perioadei inte
rbelice ntruct a fost, efectiv, cel }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai bine organiza
t, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu viziunea
cea mai clar\uc1\u259X asupra evolu\uc1\u355Xiei Romniei dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Unire, a avut
un program cuprinz\uc1\u259Xtor, precum si }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lideri cu experien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
politic\uc1\u259X si net\uc1\u259Xg\uc1\u259Xduit\uc1\u259X capacitate
}\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizatoric\u
c1\u259X. Acest partid si-a legat numele de adoptarea }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei din }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {1923, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de legile de unificare (adminis
trativ\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasc\uc1\u259X, electoral\uc1\u259X, privind nv\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tul, cultele etc.), }\par\pard\li
1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cele viznd dezvoltar
ea economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale (legea }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minelor, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {energiei,
a apelor etc.).}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {alternan\uc1\u35
5Xa la putere }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost o }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realitate: 1918-1919 - Partidul N
ational-Libral; 192-1921 - Partidul }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Poporului; 1921-1922 - Partidul Conservator-Democrat
; 1922-1926 - }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Partidul National-Liberal; 1926-1927 - Partidul Poporului; 1927-1928 - }\p
ar\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul NationalLiberal; 1928-1931 - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc
1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc; }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1931-1932 - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o coali\uc1\u355Xie
(Uniunea Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X); }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1932-1933 Partidu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc; }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1933-1937 - Partidul National-Liberal. }\fs22\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 {Nu a }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {existat nici o situa\uc1\u355Xie n care un partid s\uc1\u259X }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stea la putere peste }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limita de 4 ani a Parlamentului pe care se sprijin
ea.}\par\pard\li2266\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin alterna
n\uc1\u355Xa la putere s-au experimentat diferite }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formule de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abord
are a problemelor cu care se confrunta Romnia. De }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exemplu, guvernele national-librale }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {din primul deceniu interbelic }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au promovat centralizarea administrativ\uc1\
u259X, iar cele na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xniste din }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {1928-1930 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au urm\uc1\u259Xrit o
descentralizare prin }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {crearea a sapte \uc1\u8222Xdirectorate ministeriale". Liberali
i au }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u
355Xionat n spiritul doctrinei economice \uc1\u8222Xprin noi nsine", iar }\par\par
d\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnistii a \uc1\u8222Xpor\uc1\u355Xilor deschise". Cet\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii s-au putut }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {astfel convinge }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care erau rezulta
tele practice ale unor asemenea politici. }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chiar si liderii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid
elor politice au putut constata unde se }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poate ajunge cu o anumit\uc1\u259X politic\uc1
\u259X, iar atunci cnd au }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xeles c\uc1\u259X ea nu era benefic\uc1\u259X pentru
\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X au renun\uc1\u355Xat la }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea. Este cazul na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnistilor, care, dup\uc1\u259X ce n prima }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernare (1928-1931) au recurs la masi
ve mprumuturi externe, n 1933 }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {au constatat c\uc1\u259X efortul pentru rambursarea acestora era }\
par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ruin\uc1\u259Xtor
pentru Romnia, drept care au suspendat }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unilateral plata datoriilor externe,
cernd reesalonarea }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {pl\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor si au abandonat doctrina \uc1\u8222Xpor\uc1\u355
Xilor d}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eschise".}\par\pard\li2266\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-a ncercat si formula unor guverne de coali\uc1\u3
55Xie, mai }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales
n timpul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui Ferdinand, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {care dorea s\uc1\u259X realizeze un }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xconsens" al principalelor partide
politice ntr-o ac\uc1\u355Xiune }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comun\uc1\u259X, constructiv\uc1\u259X. Eforturile suveran
ului}\par\pard\li7773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {33}\par\par
d\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666
\margbsxn666\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-213
ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu au dat }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rezultate, liderii politici nereusind s\uc1\u259X dep\uc1\u2
59Xseasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {rivalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile si disensiunile. Guvernul din }\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {1919-1920 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a creat ca }\par\pard\li3
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmare a faptului c\uc1
\u259X nici un partid nu avea majoritate }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentar\uc1\u259X, astfel c\uc1\u259X e
l se sprijinea pe un }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xbloc parlamentar",

}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care s-a dovedi
t a fi destul de fragil. Regele Carol al II-lea a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{promovat }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {idee
a guvernului de uniune na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X cu scopul de
a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminua }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rolul partidelor politice si de a se impl
ica el nsusi n }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {activitatea executivului. Guvernul din 1931-1932, prezidat de Nicolae }\p
ar\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lorga, s-a }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dovedit a fi un experiment nereusit, astfel c\uc1\u259X re
gele }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {va utiliza
noi forme si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {metode pentru a-si atinge obiectivele
politice.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Par
lamentul }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost expresia tuturor partidelor si
curentelor politice: }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {conservatori (1919-1922), liberali (1919-1937), averescani (1919-1937
), }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1919-1926), }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1926-1937), socialisti }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1919-1922), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {soci
al-democra\uc1\u355Xi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1928-1937), comunisti (19
31), }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legionari
(1931-1933). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si
Senatul au }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dezb\uc1\u259Xtut si adoptat legi fundamentale pentru statul romn }\par\pard\li3
026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923, legile pentru }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{reforma agrar\uc1\u259X din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921, }\par\pard
\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legile pentru organizarea
administrativ\uc1\u259X din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1925, 1929, 1936, }\
par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legile economice
din 1924 si 1929, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legile privind nv\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul din }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1924, 1928, 1932 etc.). n acelasi timp, parlamentul a fost un importan
t }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {for }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de dezbateri asupra tuturor problemelor privind
situa\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {intern\uc1\u259X si interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a Romniei. De
asemenea, }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parla
mentul a exercitat un control asupra activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\
par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernamentale, p
rin ntreb\uc1\u259Xri si interpel\uc1\u259Xri; un guvern, cel }\par\pard\li3026\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezidat de Take }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {lonescu, a primit vot de blam din partea }\par\par
d\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Deput
a\uc1\u355Xilor, n ianuarie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1922, }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {si a trebuit s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demisioneze.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Analiznd compozi\uc1\u355Xia social\uc1\u259X
a Parlamentului, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {constat\uc1\u259Xm c\uc1\u259X dou\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {treimi (67%) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din totalul deputa\uc1\u355X
ilor si }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {senat
orilor erau avoca\uc1\u355Xi, proprietari si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unive
rsitari. Un cunoscut }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {specialist n problematica sociologiei politice, }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Mattei Dogan, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {aprecia: \uc1\u8222XCompozi\uc1\u355Xia social\uc1\u259X a p
arlamentului poate fi }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char

scalex100 {ilustrat\uc1\u259X printr-o piramid\uc1\u259X cu vrful n jo
s. Intr-adev\uc1\u259Xr, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {categ}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oriile sociale cele mai num
eroase - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani, muncitori, }
\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xio
nari, artizani }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- nu erau, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {mod practic, reprezentate". }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X structur\uc1\u259X era expresia un
ei realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li
3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesti, n care gradul de cul
tur\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X era mai sc\uc1\u259Xzut, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comparativ cu \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
rile occidentale, cu vechi tradi\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratice.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Monarhia }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
constituit o important\uc1\u259X institu\uc1\u355Xie a regimului }\par\pard\li3
013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratic din Romnia, c\uc1\
u259Xutnd s\uc1\u259X medieze ntre puterile }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului, astfel nct s\uc1\u259X se asigure o dezvolta
re normal\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {vie\uc1\u355Xii economice, politice, soc}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{iale etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Solu\uc1\u355Xiile date n }\par\pa
rd\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezolvarea crizelor de
guvern au satisf\uc1\u259Xcut, adeseori, starea }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de spirit a popula\uc1\u355Xiei. Astfel, n }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, cnd nici un partid nu a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cstigat 34}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\p
gwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li17
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerile, regele Ferdinand }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a numit un guvern de coali\uc1\u355Xie, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920 }\p
ar\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1-a adus la putere
pe Alexandru Averescu, cel mai popular om din Romnia }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acel moment, n 1922 }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {a ncredin\uc1\u355Xat puterea lui Ion I.C. }\par\pard\li1
720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, cunoscut
pentru excep\uc1\u355Xionalele sale calit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de }\par
\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lider politic si de
stat. n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1928, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regen\u
c1\u355Xa a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oferit mandatul de }\par\pard\li1720\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {premier lui luliu Maniu, presedint
ele Partidului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u2
59Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {n care o bun\uc1\u259X parte a popula\uc1\u355Xiei si punea mari speran\uc1\u
355Xe.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desigur,
era n interesul institu\uc1\u355Xiei monarhice s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intervin\uc1\u259X n a
numite momente pentru a da satisfac\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opinie}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i p
ublice si a evita escaladarea}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tensiunilor politic
e si sociale. }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R
egele era atent la dinamica raporturilor de for\uc1\u355Xe si c\uc1\u259Xuta }\p
ar\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X dea
solu\uc1\u355Xii adecvate. De regul\uc1\u259X, formarea unui nou }
\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern era prec
edat\uc1\u259X de consult\uc1\u259Xrile suveranului cu liderii }\par\pard\li1720
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidelor polit}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ice, care-i }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ofereau sugestii,
prezentndu-i }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr

opriile programe si ac\uc1\u355Xiuni pe care le preconizau. Sub }
\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raport formal,
spiritul Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei era respectat, regele }\par\pard\li172
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uznd de prerogativele sale
de \uc1\u8222Xmediator" ntre for\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice, n fapt, cel }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {mai adesea, deciz}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia era deja luat\uc1\u259
X, iar noul }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guv
ern se forma nu pe baza concluziei desprinse din }\par\pard\li172
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceste consult\uc1\u259Xri, ci
a celor stabilite naintea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceperii lor.}\par\pard\li2
226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Presa }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {din Romnia perioadei interbelice a constituit, }\par\pard\l
i1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu adev\uc1\u259Xrat, o \uc
1\u8222Xa patra putere n stat". Num\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rul per
iodicelor }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cun
oscut o crestere }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerabil\uc1\u259X: de la }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13 n 1917 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ca urmare a }\pa
r\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboiului
) s-a ajuns la l }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.233 n 1922 si 2.351 n 1935. }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cele mai }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {multe periodice erau consacrate vie\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {politice, fiind editate att }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Bucuresti, ct si n provincie. De exemplu, n 1929, }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xreau la Cluj }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {69 periodice, cu un tiraj de 228.050 exemplare,
dintre care 14 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n limba }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {(54.950 exemplare) si 55 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n limbile mino
rit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(173.000 }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {exemplare). Un studiu alc\uc1\u259Xtuit n }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {1934 }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ar\uc1\u259Xta c\uc1\u259X n acel }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an reven
eau 3,7 periodice la 100.000 de etnici romni }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si 6 periodice la 100.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni apar\uc1\u355Xinnd minorit\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u355Xilor }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
na\uc1\u355Xionale.}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Presa a fost un important instrument de control asupra }\par\pard\li1720\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii guver
namentale, de combatere a abuzurilor si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ilegalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor comise de oamenii poli
tici afla\uc1\u355Xi la putere sau }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n opozi\uc1\u355Xie. De asemenea, presa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {- mai ales prin articolele de fond }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si prin diverse alte materiale, semnate de }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi precum: N. }\par\pard\li1720
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lorga, Pamfil Seicaru, Stelian P
opescu, Nae }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lonescu, Grigore }\par\pard\li1720\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gafencu etc. - a contr}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ibuit la educa\uc1\u355Xia civic\uc1\u259X a romnilor.}\par\pard\l
i2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Progresele nregistrate n anii
interbelici n domeniul }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {evolu\uc1\u355Xiei democratice a vie\uc1\u355Xii politice din Romnia au
fost }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu adev\
uc1\u259Xrat remarcabile, dac\uc1\u259X facem o compara\uc1\u355Xie c
u }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada ante
rioar\uc1\u259X primului r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial.}\par\pard\li7760\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {35}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pg

hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-213
rscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XFormele" legale au fost mai bine \uc1\u8222Xacoperite" de
\uc1\u8222Xfondul" }\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii romnesti, care a f\uc1\u259Xcut progrese import
ante pe }\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calea m
oderniz\uc1\u259Xrii si a cresterii gradului de educa\uc1\u355Xie civic\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a popula\uc1\
u355Xiei.}\par\pard\li3893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Totusi
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {caren\uc1\u355Xele regimului democratic }
\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost }\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vizibile si au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {infl
uen\uc1\u355Xat via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X a Romniei. Au fost }
\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preluate unele p
ractici nedemocratice din trecut, au ap\uc1\u259Xrut }\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {altele noi, s-au manifestat oscila\uc1\u35
5Xii si inconsecven\uc1\u355Xe care au }\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pus adesea sub semnul ntreb\uc1\u259Xrii nsusi \uc1\u8222X
fondul" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratic al }\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egisla\uc1\u35
5Xiei n vigoare, n primul rnd al Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei.}\par\pard\li3893\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Votul universal a fost acordat un
or cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {experien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X politic\u
c1\u259X: pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1914, }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care alc\uc1\u259Xtuia }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {85% }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din popula\uc1\u355Xia Romniei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vota prin delega\uc1\u355Xi, care }\par\par
d\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegeau cte un deputat pe
jude\uc1\u355X la colegiul al III-lea. La }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X realitate se adaug\uc1\u259X
faptul c\uc1\u259X o bun\uc1\u259X parte a }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoratului (circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {40%) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu stia s\uc1\u259X scrie
si s\uc1\u259X citeasc\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel c\uc1\u259X votul era dat mai mult sub }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {impresia de moment, dect }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe baza unei cunoasteri reale a programelor si }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideologiilor prezentate }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de partidele politice. De altfel, p
entru ca aleg\uc1\u259Xtorii s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deosebeasc\uc1\u259X diferitele partide po
litice, acestea adoptau }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {semne electorale sugestive: steaua (Partidul Poporului),
}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secera (Partidu
l \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc), crucea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Par
tidul National-Liberal) etc.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Op\uc1\u355Xiunile electorale au fost extrem de contradictorii, }\p
ar\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceea ce arat\uc1\u
259X c\uc1\u259X nu exista o cunoastere clar\uc1\u259X a \uc1\u8222Xofertelor }\
par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice". Spre e
xemplu, Partidul}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {a ob\uc1\u355Xinut}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,8% }\par\pard\
li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din voturi n 1920, apoi 60,
3% n 1922, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sc\uc1\u259Xzut la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {7,3% n 1926, pentru }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {a urca la 61,7% n 1927, a ajunge la 6,5% n 1928. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc a cstigat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {22,1% din voturi n alegerile parlamentare din }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1926, a urcat la 77,7% n 1928, pentru
ca n 1931 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X d
oar }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13,6%. }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Si mai spectaculoas\uc1\u259X a fost evolu\u
c1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia Partidului }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Poporului: 42,4% n 1920, 6,5% n 1922, 52% n 1
926, pentru ca n 1927, }\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {cu doar l ,9%,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X nu ating\uc1\u2
59X pragul electoral de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2%.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceste oscila\uc1\u355Xii se dato
resc si faptului c\uc1\u259X existau }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni care nu aveau anumite
op\uc1\u355Xiuni politice, dar, fiind }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obliga\uc1\u355Xi prin lege s\uc1\u259X se prezinte la ur
ne, votau cu partidul }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {aflat la guvern, mai ales c\uc1\u259X acesta avea aproape
}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntotdeauna li
sta cu num\uc1\u259Xrul l, adic\uc1\u259X prima pagin\uc1\u259X a
}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buletinului de
vot. Evident, au existat si presiuni, acte de }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {violen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, numeroase ilegalit\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comise}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 { de aparatul de stat, }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {care au influen\uc1\u355Xat rezultatul alegerilor, asigurnd
victoria }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {par
tidului aflat la putere.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {O caren\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fundamental\uc1\u259X a democra\uc1
\u355Xiei romnesti a }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {fost men\uc1\u355Xinerea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vechiului sist
em, introdus de Carol I, prin care }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xguvernul face parlamentul". }\b0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regele destituia guvernul si numea un }\par\pard\li336
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {altul, apoi dizolva 36}\par\par
ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentul si anun\uc1\u355X
a organizarea alegerilor pentru }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si pentru Senat. Guvernul p
roceda la }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desti
tuirea vechilor autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi locale (primari, prefec\uc1\u355Xi
) si }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numirea un
or oameni de ncredere apar\uc1\u355Xinnd partidului }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instalat la putere; noile autorit\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xi ac\uc1\u355Xionau pentru }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {victori
ei electorale a guvernului. Prin acest sistem, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentarii si datorau }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cea mai mare parte mandatul }\par\pard\li2040\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunii guvernamentale
. Vechea butad\uc1\u259X a lui P.P. Carp: }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XMaiestate, da\uc1\u355Xi-mi guv
ernul si v\uc1\u259X dau parlamentul", a fost }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n bun\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X o realita
te si dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X s-a
nregistrat un adev\uc1\u259Xrat }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\

cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {carusel guvernamental, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
primul deceniu de dup\uc1\u259X Marea Unire }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au perindat la crma \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr
ii 11 guverne, iar n cel de-al }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doilea, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14 guverne, deci
n total 25 guverne n 20 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ani. Au existat }\par\par
d\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doar dou\uc1\u259X guver
ne care s-au men\uc1\u355Xinut p\uc1\u259Xtai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani (
1922-1926 si }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
34-1937), dar si sase guverne care au durat cteva }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmni, iar }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {alte opt s-au aflat la crm\uc1\u259X ntre o lun\uc
1\u259X si dou\uc1\u259X luni. }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evident, c\uc1\u259X aceste dese schimb\uc1\u259Xri de gu
verne au afectat }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{coeren\uc1\u355Xa politicii de stat si, nu o dat\uc1\u259X, au derutat marea
}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mas\uc1\u259X a
cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Partidele politice tr\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
iau mai ales prin sefii lor: acestia si }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituiau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
grupuri de interese care nu \uc1\u355Xineau seama de }\par\pard\li
2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organismele statutare de }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducere. Partidul National-Liberal a }\par\pard\l
i2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut perioada sa de glo
rie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atunci cnd a fost prezidat de Ion }\par\pard\li2
026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I. C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1909-1927), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalitat
e marcant\uc1\u259X a istoriei }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {romnilor. Acesta nu convoca dect arareori forurile }\p
ar\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statutare de c
onducere, lund decizii dup\uc1\u259X consult\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li202
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personale cu diferi\uc1\u355Xi
fruntasi, pe care stia s\uc1\u259X-i utilizeze cu }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xiestrie: I.G. Duca pentru
organi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zarea partidului; Alexandru }\par\pard\li
2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantinescu pentru manevr
e de culise }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva opozi\uc1\u355Xiei; Vintil\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u2
59Xtianu pentru probleme economice si finan}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ciare e
tc. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moartea lui Ion l.C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu,
Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal a }\par\pard\li2026
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut o evolu\uc1\u355Xie des
cendent\uc1\u259X, urmasii s\uc1\u259Xi, Vintil\uc1\u259X Br\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {tianu }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(1927-1930), I.G. Duca (1930-1933) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
i mai ales Constantin l.C. }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1934-1947)
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neputnd s\uc1\u259X umple golul l\uc1\u259X
sat prin }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dece
sul liderului s\uc1\u259Xu, survenit n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1927. }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, figu
ra central\uc1\u259X era luliu Maniu presedintele }\par\pard\li2026\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestui partid}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {: 1926-1933, 1937-1947. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sub aparent
a unei }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amabil
it\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi des\uc1\u259Xvrsite si a unei democra\uc1\u355Xii extrem
de largi }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n rap

orturile cu ceilal\uc1\u355Xi fruntasi ai partidului, acesta }\par\pa
rd\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrea cu o p
erseveren\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X rar ntlnit\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\
u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adeziunea }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la un punct de vedere pe care si-1 stabilea dinain
te. Purta }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negocieri }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zeci de ore (\uc1\u8222Xpertract\uc1\u259Xri"
cum zicea el), d\uc1\u259Xdea cuvntul }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuturor s\uc1\u259X-si exprime opiniile, dar nu re\uc1
\u355Xinea dect ideile }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {care convergeau spre solu\uc1\u355Xia gndit\uc1\u259X de el, pe care evit
a }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X o
exprime. Atunci cnd se ajungea}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { la}\par\pard\li8040\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {37}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\p
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concluzia pe care o dorea, \uc1\u8222Xdomnul prezident"
, cu un aer }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sme
rit, declara c\uc1\u259X, aceasta fiind \uc1\u8222Xvoin\uc1\u355Xa de
mocratic }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exprim
at\uc1\u259X", el si-o nsuseste. Partidul Poporului a tr\uc1\u259Xit prin }\par\p
ard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalitatea gener
alului Averescu; atunci cnd }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xmitul
}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Averescu" a aju
ns la apogeu (1919-1920), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liga (Partidul) Poporului
s-}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a bucurat de
o urias\uc1\u259X aderen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, n octombrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1919, a avut loc }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {un Congres }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extraordinar al acestei
organiza\uc1\u355Xii la care to\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vorbitorii s-au pronun\uc1\u355Xat }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru participarea la alegerile }\par\pard\li317
3\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {. Singurul care s-a opus a fost Alexandru }\par\pard\li3
173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Averescu, deoarece era
men\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259X starea de asediu, iar }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propaganda electoral\uc1\u259X nu se
putea desf\uc1\u259Xsura normal. El a }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declarat c\uc1\u259X cei care doresc pot participa la ale
geri, dar f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {a utiliza numele s\uc1\u259Xu. n fa\uc1\u355Xa acestei
situa\uc1\u355Xii, Congresul a }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {hot\uc1\u259Xrt ab\uc1\u355Xinerea Ligii Poporului de la alegeri.
Treptat, \uc1\u8222Xmitul }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Averescu" s-a diminuat, deoarece cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii au cons
tatat c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {generalul nu a adus \uc1\u8222Xndreptarea" pe care o sperau, n timpul }\par\par
d\li3173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern\uc1\u259Xrii di
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920-1921. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidu
l, care tr\uc1\u259Xia n umbra }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii generalului Averescu, a
intrat ntr-un con de }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {umbr\uc1\u259X. Situa\uc1\u355Xia era si mai frapant\uc1\u259X n cazul Ligi
i Ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-Crestine, condus\uc1\u259X de A.C. Cuza
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1923-1935), si al }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legiunii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arha
nghelul Mihail, al c\uc1\u259Xrei \uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259Xpitan" era Corneliu }\
par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx5080\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Zelea

C}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {odreanu}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { (1927-19
38); }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestia decideau soarta }\par\pard\li3173
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xiilor respecti
ve si a membrilor lor.}\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {O alt\uc1\u259X caren\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a democra\uc1\u355Xiei romnesti
a fost cresterea }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{rolului puterii executive n dauna celei legislative. La }\par\pard
\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {originea acestei situa\uc
1\u355Xii se afla }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modul n care se c}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {onstituiau }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {majorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile parlamentare; acestea depindeau de guve
rn, }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care \uc1\u
8222Xaranja" listele de candida\uc1\u355Xi si mobiliza aparatul de }\par\pard\li
3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat pentru a le asig
ura victoria n alegeri. Nu o dat\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrii au cerut majorit\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xii parlamentare s\uc1\u259X voteze }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proiecte de lege cu care unii deputa\uc1\u3
55Xi sau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {senatori nu erau de }\par\pard\li3160\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acord. Spre exemplu, n 1921, }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {mai mul\uc1\u355Xi parlamentari, apar\uc1\u355Xinnd }\par\pa
rd\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Poporului, n
u erau de acord cu unele prevederi }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ale legii agrare, n fa\uc1\u355Xa acestei situa\uc
1\u355Xii, ministrul de }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Inter}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ne, Constantin }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Argetoianu, a procedat astfel, dup\uc1\u259X cum }\par\pard\li3160\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {singur m\uc1\u259Xrturiseste: \uc
1\u8222Xn cele dou\uc1\u259X-trei zile care au precedat }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {votul am lucrat grupurile si n
ziua scrutinului am pus }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {oamenii mei s\uc1\u259X cear\uc1\u259X votul pe fa\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259X cu apel nominal. M-am }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {asezat n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {momentul scrutin}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ului pe treptele biroului, n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\
pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b\uc1\u259Xncilor }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era s\uc1\u259X zic a }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ieslelor - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si la chemar
ea fiec\uc1\u259Xrui nume }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {din partidul nostru, m\uc1\u259X uitam n ochii chematului si sub }\pa
r\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uit\uc1\u259Xtura
mea n-a ndr\uc1\u259Xznit nici unul s\uc1\u259X zic\uc1\u259X }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contra", n }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1928, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X
alegeri, luliu Maniu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { a cerut tuturor }\p
ar\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentarilor
national-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti s\uc1\u259X-si depun\uc1\u259X
demisia n }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
lb la conducerea partidului. Deoarece presedintele }\par\pard\li3160\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1
\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc era n acelasi timp si seful }\par\pard
\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului, este limpede
c\uc1\u259X, n fapt, executivul controla }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {38}\par\par
ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea legislativului si nu
invers, adic\uc1\u259X asa cum cerea }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia. Din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1934, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu a

nceput s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {utilizeze metoda decretelor-lege, care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau a
poi supuse \uc1\u8222Xn bloc" }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {spre aprobare parlamentului.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Monarhia si-a adus propria cont}\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ribu\uc1\u355Xie la degradarea }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului democratic din Romnia, mai ales pri
n folosirea }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abu
ziv\uc1\u259X a dreptului de dizolvare a parlamentului. Conform }\par\pard\li173
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei, parlamen
tul era ales pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani,
dar, n fapt, doar }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dou\uc1\u259X corpuri legiuitoare (alese n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1922 s
i 1933) s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\pard\li1733\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga legislatur\uc1\u259X, n
perioada }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919-1937, durata medie de }\par\pa
rd\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259X a unui parlament a fost de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ani, nregistrndu-se }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {si situa\uc1\u355Xii cnd acesta a fost dizolvat dup\uc1\u259X pa
tru luni (n }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {920) si un an (n 1927). Astfel, s-a ajuns ca }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X se perinde nu mai pu\uc1\u355Xin
de zece corpuri}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legiuitoare, cele mai }\par\pard\
li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe neavnd timpul materia
l pentru dezbaterea si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea legilor }\par\pard
\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare diferitelor dome
nii de activitate social\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceste caren\uc1\u355Xe ale regimului democratic a
u creat, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trep
tat, n opinia public\uc1\u259X o reac\uc1\u355Xie negativ\uc1\u259X
fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {institu\uc1\u355Xiile democratice, fapt ce a permis }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ascensiunea }\b0 \par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {for\uc1\u355Xelor de extrem\uc1\u259X dreapt\uc1\
u259X, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n primul rnd a Misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pa
rd\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legionare; n acelasi tim
p, s-au intensificat manevrele regelui Carol al II-lea }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viznd in}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stau
rarea unui regim autoritar. Partidele politice au }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput s\uc1\u259X fie privite ca nis
te \uc1\u8222Xcoterii politice", adic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grupuri de interese care lupt\uc1
\u259X ntre ele pentru ct mai }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe avantaje materiale ob\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {inute de partizanii proprii. Si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentul a cunoscut un proces accelera
t de degradare, n 1936, deputatul }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Grigore lunian sublinia c\uc1\u259X prin acceptarea guvern\uc1
\u259Xrii prin }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
decrete-lege se d\uc1\u259Xdea parlamentului \uc1\u8222Xun certificat
de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {paupertate
moral\uc1\u259X si intelectual\uc1\u259X",}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { iar }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xmine se va veni cu }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abolirea acestei institu\uc1\u355Xiun
i, care se dovedeste inutil\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {costisitoare". El se referea la faptul c\uc1\
u259X guvernul depusese, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {spre ratificare, un num\uc1\u259Xr de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {46

decrete-lege.}\par\pard\li2226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ch
eltuielile suportate de bugetul statului pentru }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre\uc1\u355Xinerea }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {parlamentarilor erau destul de mari. n 1933 s-a stabilit ca }\par\par
d\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un deputat sau }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {senator s\uc1\u259X primeasc\uc1\u259X o indemniza\uc1\u355X
ie de}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei }\pa
r\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe lun\uc1\u259X, p
lus }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {700 lei pe zi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucr
\uc1\u259Xtoare, ceea ce nsemna c\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timpul sesiunilor, ei aveau circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {19.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei, iar n vacan\uc1\u355Xa }\
par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentar\uc1\u
259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei. Un
calcul estimativ arat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X un }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentar cstiga }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {13.600 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei pe lun\uc1\u259X. n }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1939, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si }\p
ar\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {senatorilor li s-a
stabilit o indemniza\uc1\u355Xie fix\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
15.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lei pe }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lun\uc1\u259X, iar diurnele au fost desfiin\uc1\u355
Xate, n acel an, un profesor }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {universitar av}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea un salariu de 17.000
lei, iar un profesor de liceu cu }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {gradul I primea 8.500 lei. Cu alte cuvinte, un parlamentar
avea un salariu }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{mai mic dect un profesor universitar si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproape dub
lu fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de un }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {profesor de liceu.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pgh
sxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-213\
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Procesul de degradare a regimului democratic n anii '30 nu a fost }\
par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {specific Romniei
, ci ntregii Europe. Treptat, n }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {majoritatea statelor europene s-au instaurat
regimuri }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autori
tare, de diferite nuan\uc1\u355Xe, nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1929, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia era }\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nconjurat\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri cu
as}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {emenea regimuri, exceptnd Cehoslovacia, }\par\par
d\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar care, n martie 1939,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost lichidat\uc1\u259X ca stat.}\par\pard\li3786
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n concluzie, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {regimul democratic din Romnia a fost o realitate, }\b0 \par\pard\li326
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar el a avut numeroase caren\u
c1\u355Xe, care s-au accentuat spre }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {sfrsitul perioadei interbelice. Cu toate imperfec\uc1\u355Xi
unile sale, }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dem
ocra\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X a rezistat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai
mult comparativ cu cea }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {din majoritatea statelor europene, Romnia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fi
ind una dintre ultimele }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri n care s-a instaurat un regim totalitar.}\par\par
d\li3786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X patru ani
de guvernare liberal\uc1\u259X, n decembrie }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1937 au fost organizate alegeri parlamentare
, care s-au ncheiat cu un }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {rezultat nedecis, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece nici u

n partid politic nu a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel pu\uc1\u355Xin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40%
din totalul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {voturilor pentru a beneficia
de }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prima ele
ctoral\uc1\u259X. Pe primul loc s-a situat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {PNL cu 35,92%, }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {urmat de PN}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {- 20,40%, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Totul pentru \uc1\u354Xar\uc1\u259X
(Miscarea Legionar\uc1\u259X) }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {- 15,58%}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xi
onal Crestin}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 9,15%.}\par\pard\li3773\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, regele 1
-a numit n func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte al Consiliului de Ministri pe Octav
ian Goga, }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lid
er al Partidului Na\uc1\u355Xiona-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crestin, d
ar 1-a inclus n guvern, la }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerul de Interne, pe Armnd }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, adversar nversunat }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Misc\uc1\u259Xrii legionare. Parlamentul a fost dizo
lvat nainte de a }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{se fi ntrunit, anun\uc1\u355Xndu-se noi alegeri pentru nceputul lunii }\par\pard\l
i3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {1938. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Campania electoral\uc1\u259X}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { a cunoscut un curs violent, }\par\pard\li3240
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {de Interne lund m\uc1\u259Xsuri mpotriva legionarilor, iar }\par\pard\li324
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestia ripostnd mpotriva for\uc1
\u355Xelor de ordine. Corneliu Z. }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Codreanu declarase c\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u8222X48 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ore dup\uc1\u259X biruin\uc1\u355X
a Misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Legionare, Romnia va avea o alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu Roma }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {s}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i Berlinul", }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fapt ce nsemna schimbarea politicii ex
terne a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, care era }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orientat\uc1\u259X spre Fran\uc1\u355Xa, Marea
Britanic si Societatea }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor. Guvernele de la Londra si Paris au interveni
t pe }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lng\uc1\u25
9X regele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al
II-lea, cerndu-i s\uc1\u259X mpiedice }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ascensiunea le}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gionari
lor spre putere. La rndul lor, liderii parti}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {delor }\
par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratice era
u ngrijora\uc1\u355Xi att de declara\uc1\u355Xiile lui }\par\pard\li3240
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Codreanu, ct si de hot\uc1
\u259Xrrea Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare de a }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instaura un regim totalitar si de a }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xpedepsi" pe cei care i s-ar }\par\pard\li3240\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opune.}\par\pard\li3746\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apreciind c\uc1\u259X mome}{ }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ntul era favorabil unei lovituri de }\par\pard\li32
40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat, Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {al II-lea a decis s\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze rapid,
pentru a }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
relua principalele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prghii ale puterii n pr
opriile mini si a se }\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {prezenta ca un \uc1\u8222Xsalvator" al}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {na\uc1\u355Xiunii.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
sxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c)
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Regimul de autoritate monarhic\uc1\u259X}\b0 \par
\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Institu\uc1\u355Xi
onalizarea si func\uc1\u355Xionarea noului regim, }\b0 \par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n diminea\uc1\u355Xa zilei }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {de 10 februarie 1938, regele Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al
II-lea 1-a }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pri
mit n audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Octavian
Goga. Suveranul a ascultat }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerile primului ministru privind }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {rezolvarea problemelor cu }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care se confrunta Romnia si n primul rnd
ac\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xiate de guvern care aveau menirea de a asigu
ra }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cstigarea a
legerilor pralamentare de c\uc1\u259Xtre Partidul }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-Crestin. La sfrs
itul audien\uc1\u355Xei, regele a subliniat }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesitatea unui guvern de uniune na\uc1
\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, solicitnd }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sprijinul lui Octavian Goga. n\uc1\u355Xelegnd c\uc1\u259X nu se
mai bucura }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncrederea suveranului, Ocavian Goga si-a prezentat d
emisia.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ac\uc1\u
355Xionnd rapid, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {al Il-lea a chemat n audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sefii de partide. }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Constantin I.C.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Br\uc1\u259Xti
anu, Constantin }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Argetoianu, Alexandru Averescu, Nicolae lorga au }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptat ideea unui guvern
de autoritate, care s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {restabileasc\uc1\u259X ordinea n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u
259X. luliu Maniu s-a pronun\uc1\u355Xat }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru men\uc1\u355Xinerea sistemului de
mocratic, n care }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunderea politic\uc1\u259X revine p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{artidelor pentru \uc1\u8222Xa acoperi" Coroana. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grigore lunian, presedintele Partidului
Radical-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, nu
s-a }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putut
prezenta la Palat, deoarece se afla n str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate
. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corneliu Zele
a Codreanu nu a fost chemat n audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, desi }\par\pard\li1853\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidul s\uc1\u259Xu se }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situase pe locul al treilea n urma aleger
ilor }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamenta
re din decembrie 1937. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, confo
rm }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obiceiului,
nu au fost covoca\uc1\u355Xi liderii partidelor apar\uc1\u355Xinnd }\par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xil
or na\uc1\u355Xionale si nici presedintele Partidului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Social-}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Demo
crat, n noaptea de 10/11 februarie 1938 s-a constituit un nou }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern, prezidat
de patriarhul Miron Cristea, din care }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xceau parte, ca ministri se
cretari de stat, sase fosti }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai Consiliului de Ministri }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Arthur }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V\uc1\u259Xitoia
nu, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexandru
Averescu, Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lorga, Gheorgh}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu, Gheorghe Gh. Mironescu).
Dintre }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primii
ministri care erau n via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, luliu Maniu si Octavian }\par\pard\
li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Goga au refuzat s\uc1\u259
X accepte demnitatea oferit\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al I
I-}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lea, iar Barb
u Stirbey nu a fost solicitat de rege.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n prima sedin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de guvern, regele a prez
entat textul }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un
ei proclama\uc1\u355Xii pe care o adresa \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, n care se afirm
a c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u8222XRomnia trebuie salvat\uc1\u259X si sunt hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u259X o fa
c", c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xva }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {depolitiza via\uc1\u355Xa administrativ\uc1\u259X si gospod\uc1\u
259Xreasc\uc1\u259X a statului, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {va alc\uc1\u259Xtui schimb\uc1\u259Xrile constitu\uc1\u355Xiona
le care s\uc1\u259X corespund\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noilor nevoi ale \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii si n\
uc1\u259Xzuin\uc1\u355Xelor de ast\uc1\u259Xzi ale unei }\par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnii ce trebuie s\uc1\u259X se
nt\uc1\u259Xreasc\uc1\u259X". De asemenea, a fost }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discutat\uc1\u259X proclama\uc1\u355Xia g
uvernului, care detalia ideile din }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cea semnat\uc1\u259X de rege.}\par\pard\li7893\ri0\sl
-426\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {41}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1
2240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn653\pard\li3693\ri0
\f0\charscalex100 {n aceeasi noapte de 10/11 februarie 1938 }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {s-a hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introducerea st\uc1\u259Xrii de asediu pe ntreg
cuprinsul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile militare avnd dreptu
l de a face perchezi\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xoriunde si oricnd va cere trebuin\uc1\u355Xa
", de a \uc1\u8222Xcenzura presa }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {si orice publica\uc1\u355Xiuni", de a \uc1\u8222Xmpiedica apari
\uc1\u355Xia oric\uc1\u259Xrui ziar }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {sau publica\uc1\u355Xiune, sau numai apari\uc1\u355X
ia unor anumite stiri }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {sau articole", de a \uc1\u8222Xdizolva orice adun\uc1\u2
59Xri, oricare ar fi }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul paricipan\uc1\u355Xilor si oriunde s-ar nt
runi", n aceeasi }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {noapte au fost numi\uc1\u355Xi noi prefec\uc1\u355Xi de jude\
uc1\u355Xe din rndul }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ofi\uc1\u355Xerilor superiori si a fost revocat\uc1\u259X c
onvocarea corpului }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {electoral.}\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{La 20 februarie, Consiliul de Ministri a aprobat textul noii }\
par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Constitu\uc1\u3
55Xii, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a fost supus\uc1\u259X cet
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor spre \uc1\u8222Xbun\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3160\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si nv
oial\uc1\u259X", votul f\uc1\u259Xcndu-se prin \uc1\u8222Xdeclara\uc1\u355

Xiune }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {verbal\uc
1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {naintea biroului de votare", }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xinndu-se liste separate cu }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cei care au votat mpotriv\uc1\u259X. Plebiscit
ul s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 }\par\pard\li3160\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie, covrsitoarea majoritate
a popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- mai ales cea }\par\pard\li
3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din mediul rural - neavnd tim
pul material necesar pentru a cunoaste tex}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tul }\par
\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noii Constitu\uc1\u3
55Xii. Cu toate acestea, s-a anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1\u259X din cei }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {4 }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{303 064 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni care s-au pre
zentat la vot, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 297 221 au votat }\par\pard\li31
60\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru si numai 5 843 (0,13%)
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost mpotriv\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noul regim a fost institu\uc1\u35
5Xionalizat prin Constitu\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promulgat\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{27 februarie 1938. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceasta men\uc1\u355Xinea
unele }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {princi
pii, ca: suveranitatea na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, separa\uc1\u355Xia puterilo
r }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n stat, res
ponsabilitatea ministerial\uc1\u259X. Recunostea unele }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drepturi si libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\
u355Xi democratice, precum: libertatea }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constiin\uc1\u355Xei, a nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xmntului, muncii, presei, ntrunirilor, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \*\tx5000\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de asocia\uc1\u355Xie,}\tab \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { libertatea individual\uc1\u259X, inviolabilitatea }\
par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domiciliului, ega
litatea n fa\uc1\u355Xa legii.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Elementele noi - definitorii pentru regimul instaurat la l O febru
arie }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-se refere
au la prerogativele regelui. Acesta devenea un factor politic activ, }\par\pard\
li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {implicndu-se nemijlocit n ac
tivitatea guvernamental\uc1\u259X. El }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era declarat \uc1\u8222Xcapul statului" si, n a
ceast\uc1\u259X calitate, }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {exercita puterea executiv\uc1\u259X prin guvern; acesta era numit
}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de suveran
si r\uc1\u259Xspundea numai n fa\uc1\u355Xa sa, ministrii }\par\pard\
li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nemaiavnd o baz\uc1\u25
9X parlamentar\uc1\u259X. Regele putea refuza, }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X motivare, sanc\u
c1\u355Xiunea legilor adoptate n parlament; n }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timpul ct Adun\uc1\u259Xrile legiuitoare era
u dizolvate si n }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {intervalul dintre sesiuni, regele putea s\uc1\u259X emit\uc1\u259X decret
e cu }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putere d
e lege; semnarea tratatelor politice si militare }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {cu statele }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {str\uc1\u259Xine nu mai avea nevoie de acordul parlamentul
ui. }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Erau, totod
at\uc1\u259X, men\uc1\u355Xinute drepturile pe care suveranul le }\par\pard\li31
33\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx8080\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avusese prin Cons
titu\uc1\u355Xia anterioar\uc1\u259X:}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { convoc
area }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u
259Xrilor legiuitoare, deschiderea sesiunii prin Mesaj, }\par\pard\li3
133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pronun\uc1\u355Xarea nchider

ii sesiunii, amnarea convoc\uc1\u259Xrii si }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decizia de dizolvare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {a acestora; de asemenea, potrivit art.46, regele }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea dreptul de a micsora 42}\par\pard\
0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pedepsele n materii criminale,
de a numi si confirma n }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xii publice; el }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era
capul ostirii, avea}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { dreptul de a declara }\p
ar\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi si
a ncheia pace, conferea grade militare si decora\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1906\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne, acredita ambasadorii s
i ministrii plenipoten\uc1\u355Xiari, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea bate moned\uc1\u259X. Desi regele beneficia de d
repturi foarte }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
largi, s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut principiul formulat n constitu\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {iile anterioare: }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XPersoana }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui e
ste inviolabil\uc1\u259X. Ministrii s\uc1\u259Xi sunt }\par\pard\li1906\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtori. A
ctele de stat ale regelui vor fi contrasemnate }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de un ministru, care, prin aceasta ns\uc1\u259Xsi
, devine r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ele" (art.44).}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aveau drept de vot cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii de pest
e }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 de ani ( n loc de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 ani, cum }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se
prev\uc1\u259Xzuse n Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923
). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aleg\uc1\u259Xtorii }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi\uc1\u355Xi n t
rei categorii, n func\uc1\u355Xie de ndeletniciri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agicultur\uc1\
u259X si munc\uc1\u259X manual\uc1\u259X; comer\uc1\u355X si industrie; ocupa\uc
1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intel
ectuale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- prin care se ncerca o organiza
re }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {corporatist\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1893\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentului. Mandatul deputa\uc1\u
355Xilor era prelungit de la}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 la 6 }\par\pard\li
1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani, iar al senatorilor de l
a 4 la 9 ani. Regele avea dreptul de a numi }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jum\uc1\u259Xtate din num\uc1\u259Xrul me
mbrilor Senatului, Ia care se }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ad\uc1\u259Xugau senatorii de drept, n rndul c\uc1\u259Xror
a au fost inclusi }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {to\uc1\u355Xi principii majori ai familiei regale.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Parlamentul a devenit un organ mai
mult decorativ, despuiat de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {principalele lui atribu\uc1\u355Xii. Membrii Adun\uc1\u259Xr
ilor legiuitoare erau }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {obliga\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X depun\uc1\u259X jur\uc1\u259Xmnt de
credin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de rege. }\par\pard\li1
893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deputa\uc1\u355Xii si}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { senatorii aveau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dreptul
de a adresa ntreb\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrilor, la care acestia erau obliga\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1
\u259X r\uc1\u259Xspund\uc1\u259X, dar }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu puteau da vot de blam unui ministru sau guvernului.
}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xr

ile legiuitoare aveau dreptul de a vota bugetul, }\par\pard\li1893
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar dac\uc1\u259X nu-1 }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptau \uc1\u8222Xn timp util", a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {cesta putea fi stabilit de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {puterea executiv\uc1\u259X. Astfel, o prghie esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1
\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care orienta
}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politica econom
ic\uc1\u259X a statului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- putea fi }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {scoas\uc1\u259X de sub decizia }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentului. Deputa\uc1\u355Xii si senatori
i aveau dreptul de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X legislativ\uc1\u259X, dar numai p
entru legile d}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e \uc1\u8222Xinteres }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {general", care si acestea
puteau fi respinse prin veto-ul opus de rege.}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n discursul rostit cu prilejul promulg\uc1\u259Xri
i noii Constitu\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {patriarhul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miron Cristea a lansat un
atac vehement la adresa partidelor }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {politice, aducnd elogii regelui Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {al II-lea: \uc1\u8222XAst\uc1\u259Xzi s-a distrus }\par\pard\li1893\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hidra cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{29 de}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capete electorale, care a nvr\uc1\u259Xjbi
t f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X folos pe }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {to\uc1\u355Xi spre paguba \uc1\u355Xrii ntregi. Ast\uc1\u259Xzi
s-a rupt p\uc1\u259Xienjenisul de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {pe ochii cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor Romniei ntregite, ca s\
uc1\u259X vad\uc1\u259X limpede }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de unde vine mntuirea: de la eroica hot\uc1\u259Xrre a Majest\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Tale".}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un no
u pas pe calea institu\uc1\u355Xionaliz\uc1\u259Xrii noului regim s-}\par\pard\l
i1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a nregistrat la }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {30 martie 1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd s-a constit
uit Consiliul }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
e Coroan\uc1\u259X, ca organ permanent, alc\uc1\u259Xtuit din membri }\pa
r\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desemna\uc1\u355Xi
de rege, care primeau o}\par\pard\li7920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {43}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
f0\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {remunera\uc1\u
355Xie. Consiliul avea un rol consultativ, hot\uc1\u259Xrrile }\par\pard\li3
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale nefiind obligatorii
pentru suveran, n Consiliul de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Coroan\uc1\u259X au fost numi\uc1\u355Xi fostii
presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai Consiliului de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri care f\uc1\u259Xcuser\uc1\u259X par
te din precedentul guvern, }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {precum si al\uc1\u355Xi oameni politici devota\uc1\u355Xi regel
ui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea. }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Membrii Consiliului de Coroan\uc1\u259X purtau
numele de consilieri }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {regali, iar la ceremoniile oficiale aveau locul rezervat }\p
ar\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X cel
al presedintelui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului de Ministri.}\par\pard
\li3560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 30 martie 1938 s-a
publicat decretul-lege pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {dizolvarea }\b0 \
par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuturor asocia\uc
1\u355Xiilor, grup\uc1\u259Xrilor sau }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {partidelor

politice; }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decretul }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X acestea si vor
putea relua activitatea \uc1\u8222Xn }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xiile si cu formele prev\uc1\u259Xzu
te ntr-o lege special\uc1\u259X ce se }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {va ntocmi n acest scop". Acest act temerar, prin care se }\p
ar\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrea
lichidarea unei componente fundamentale a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului democratic, nu a provocat aproape
nici o reac\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {din partea opiniei publice, iar opozi\uc1\u355Xia liderilor unor partid
e }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost declar
ativ\uc1\u259X si ineficient\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de 14 aprilie 1938 a fost publicat d
ecret}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ul privind }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrarea ordinei n stat, care preciza c
\uc1\u259X dizolvarea unei }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {grup\uc1\u259Xri sau asocia\uc1\u355Xii cu caracter politic atr\uc1
\u259Xgea dup\uc1\u259X sine }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n mod automat nchiderea cluburilor sau localurilor de
}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntruniri ale ace
stora.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noul regi
m a procedat la reorganizarea administrativ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. La }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14 august 1938 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost
decretat\uc1\u259X reforma }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {administrativ\uc1\u259X, pe baza c\uc1\u259Xreia, al\uc1\u259X
turi de vechile unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\
par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comuna, plasa, ju
de\uc1\u355Xul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a
introdus una nou\uc1\u259X: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u355Xinutul. }\b
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {fost create zece \uc1\u355Xinuturi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Olt, Arges, M\uc1\u259Xrii, Dun\uc1\u259Xrii,
Nistru, }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prut,
Suceava,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alba-Iulia, Crisurilor, Timis -, }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fruntea c\uc1\u259Xrora se }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflau reziden\uc1\u355Xi regali, numi\uc1\u35
5Xi prin decret de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-}\par
\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lea. Acestia se bucu
rau de largi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mputerniciri, principala lor sarcin\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind
aplicarea ntocmai a hot\uc1\u259Xrrilor guvernamentale, }\par\pard\li3040\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurarea ordinei si linistei pu
blice n \uc1\u355Xinutul respectiv. Con-}\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {form noii legi, primarii nu mai erau alesi
, ci numi\uc1\u355Xi pe o }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 ani.}\par
\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reorganizarea a
cuprins si domeniul social: sindicatele au fost }\par\pard\li3026\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvate, iar prin decretul-lege d
in 12 octombrie 1938 s-au creat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {breslele }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de lucr\uc1\u259X
tori, func\uc1\u355Xionari particulari si meseriasi, care }\par\pard\l
i3026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau ca obiect ap\uc1
\u259Xrarea si dezvoltarea intereselor }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profesionale ale membrilor, iar acestea erau \uc1
\u8222Xlimitate prin }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ns\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si natura lor la acela de ordin in
dustrial, comercial, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agricol, tehnic, }\par\pard\li

3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultural si social", e
xcluzndu-se activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile politice. De }\par\pard\li3026\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, decretul men\uc1\u35
5Xiona c\uc1\u259X breslele \uc1\u8222Xsi exercit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea numai pe plan n
a\uc1\u355Xional", ele \uc1\u8222Xnu vor putea fi }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afiliate organiza\uc1\u355Xiilor cu caracter
interna\uc1\u355Xional sau s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentate la manifesta\uc1\u355Xiuni sau
congrese }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inter
na\uc1\u355Xionale f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X autoriza\uc1\u355Xia expres\uc1\
u259X a Ministerului }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Muncii". Primul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {44}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congres al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bresle
lor s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat n ziua }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de 1 mai 1939
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sub }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia lui Mihai
Ralea, ministrul muncii.}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Regimul a acordat o aten\uc1\u355Xie special\uc1\u259X tineretului: pr
in }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decretul-leg
e din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15 decembrie 1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {to\uc1\u355Xi b\uc1\u259Xie\uc1\u355Xii ntre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 si
18 ani si }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toat
e fetele ntre 7 si 21 de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani erau obliga\uc1\u3
55Xi s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X parte din }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Straja \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xrii, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {al c\uc1\u259Xrei comandant suprem era regele, c\uc1\u259Xruia }\pa
r\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xjerii
trebuiau s\uc1\u259X-i jure credin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. Deviza str\u
c1\u259Xjerilor era }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u8222XCredin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si munc\uc1\u259X pentru \u
c1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X si rege". La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19 octomb
rie }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939 a fost
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfiin\uc1\u355Xat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Fr
ontul Na\uc1\u355Xional Studen\uc1\u355Xesc, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n c
are au }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nscr
isi, n mod}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {automat, to\uc1\u355Xi studen\uc1\u355X
ii.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu toate
m\uc1\u259Xsurile luate, cu toat\uc1\u259X propaganda }\par\pard\li1866
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X, r
egimul nu reusea s\uc1\u259X pun\uc1\u259X n miscare masele }\par\pard\li1866\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni. A
rmnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu nota: \uc1\u8222XGuvernul st\uc1\u259X pe }\par\
pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scen\uc1\u259X si luc
reaz\uc1\u259X. Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii stau n b\uc1\u259Xnci si aplaud\uc1\u
259X uneori. }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Da
r nu particip\uc1\u259X la aceast\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xiune. Ei nu sunt intim l
ega\uc1\u355Xi de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {aceste ac\uc1\u355Xiuni". De aceea, pentru a da un suport p
olitic }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimulu
i s\uc1\u259Xu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {al II-lea a hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sa constitu
ie, la 16 }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
cembrie 1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Frontul Renasterii Na\uc1\u35
5Xionale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {(F.RN.). }\b0 \par\pard\li1866\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Urm\uc1\u259Xrind s\uc1\u259X dez
integreze vechile partide prin atragerea }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\sl

mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unor cadre n posturi de conducere,
decretul preciza c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {F.R.N. era \uc1\u8222Xunica organiza\uc1\u355Xie politi
c\uc1\u259X n stat", orice alt\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitate politic\uc1\u259X dect aceea
a F.R.N. fiind socotit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clandestin\uc1\u259X; numai F.R.N. avea dreptul
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de a fixa si depune }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {candidaturi n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {alegerile parlamentare, administrative si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profesionale. Seful suprem al F.R.N. er
a regele; n ntreaga }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {re\uc1\u355Xea a partidului organele de conducere erau numite
pe }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scar\uc1\u2
59X ierarhic\uc1\u259X, nef\uc1\u259Xcndu-se nici un fel de alegeri
. La }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceremoni
i si activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi oficiale membrii F.R.N. purtau }\pa
r\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uniforme albastre
sau albe (n func\uc1\u355Xie de vreme), n }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concep\uc1\u355Xia guvernan\uc1\u355Xil
or, F.R.N. avea menirea \uc1\u8222Xde a fi }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instrumentul de realizare a unei democra
\uc1\u355Xii purificate".}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {n ziua de 9 mai 1939 a fost publicat decretul-lege asupra }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {reformei }\b0 \par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {electorale, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care detalia pre
vederile din Constitu\uc1\u355Xie; se f\uc1\u259Xcea }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precizarea c\uc1\u259X aveau drept de vot
numai stiutorii de carte, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ceea ce nsemna o serioas\uc1\u259X limitare a num\uc1\u25
9Xrului de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al
eg\uc1\u259Xtori, n acelasi timp, primeau drept de vot si femeile, }\par\pard\li1
866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru prima dat\uc1\u259X n i
storia Romniei. Dac\uc1\u259X n decembrie }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1937 au avut drept de vot 4 649 163 }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni, pe baza noii legi }\par\pard\li1866\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale num\uc1\u259Xrul acestor
a s-a redus la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 025 123. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Totodat\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul deputa\uc1\u355Xilor s-a micsorat }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {de la 387 la 258 (cte 86 }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru fiecare \uc1\u8222Xprofesiune"); Senatul e
ra alc\uc1\u259Xtuit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 88 de }\par\pard\li1866
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {senatori alesi si 88 }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {numi\uc1\u355Xi de rege, la care se ad\uc1\u259Xugau senatorii
}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de drept. Aleg
erile desf\uc1\u259Xsurate n zilele de l }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 2 iunie a
u fost }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cstigate
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F.R.N., singura organiza\uc1\u355Xie care a dep
us liste de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {can
dida\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\pard\li7920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7920\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {45}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li353
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O dat\uc1\u259X cu deschiderea parlamentului, la }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 iunie 1939, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {procesul de institu\uc1\u355Xionalizare a regi
mului instaurat la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie 1938 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex

100 {s-a ncheiat. O analiz\uc1\u259X concret\uc1\u259X a institu\uc1\u355Xiilor s
i }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a modurilor
lor de func\uc1\u355Xionare, a regimului n ansamblul }\par\pard\li30
00\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu, conduce la
concluzia c\uc1\u259X acesta avea un caracter }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {antidemocratic, hibrid, n care
regele era figura }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {dominant\uc1\u259X, intervenind }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {efectiv n act
ivitatea de guvernare. Ministrii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {proveneau din vechile partide democratice, rolul }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {central avndu-1 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gruparea na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc
1\u259Xnist\uc1\u259X condus\uc1\u259X de Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu }\par\pard\li
3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si cea na\uc1\u355Xional
-liberal\uc1\u259X n frunte cu Gheorghe T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu. }\
par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oameni ca Mih
ai Ralea, Petre Andrei, Grigore Gafencu, Mihai }\par\pard\li3000\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ghelmegeanu, Miti\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
X Constantinescu, Victor Sl\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vescu, Victor
}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lamandi, care s
-au format si afirmat n timpul regimului democratic, nu }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dev
eni peste noapte instrumente ale dictaturii. }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Realitatea arat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X du
p\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 februarie 1938 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n Romnia nu s-a }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {instaurat un regim de dictatur\uc1\u259X, n care }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {regele, procl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amat }\par\pard\li
3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcapul statului" d
ecide, iar ministrii execut\uc1\u259X. Se desf\uc1\u259Xsura }\par\pard\li3000\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai curnd un proces de co
nsultare n care, de regul\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {punctul de vedere al lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea era acceptat d
e }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern. Nu au
fost pu\uc1\u355Xine cazurile n care regele a trebuit s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3
000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cedeze n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrilor. Astfel, Carol al II-lea scria n }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {cartea sa }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {intitulat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n zodia Sat
anei }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {despre sedin\uc1\u355Xa Consiliului
de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Coroan\uc1\
u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 6 septembrie 1939: }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XAtt C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, ct si eu a }\par\pard\li3
000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuit s\uc1\u259X ne nchin\u
c1\u259Xm n fa\uc1\u355Xa acestei p\uc1\u259Xreri a majorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii", }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de a proclama neutralitatea Romniei. Iar n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {nsemn\uc1\u259Xrile }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale zilnice, }\par
\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele nota: }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Miercuri, 11 octombrie 1939: }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XAst\uc1\u259Xzi mi-am c\uc1\u259Xlcat }\par\pard\li3
000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oribil pe inim\uc1\u259X
naintnd lui Argetoianu cererea de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspendare a Serviciului Social. Legea a fost defectu
oas\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dar op}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era n sine }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a fost ct se poate de frumoas\uc1\u259X si am }\par\pard\li3000\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crezut cu toat\uc1\u259X puterea n
tr-nsa". }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Vineri, 13 octombrie 1939: }\i0 \fs22\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XE }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {o zi trist\uc1\u259X pentru mine; se pune n apli
care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspendarea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Serviciului Social. Ceea ce visasem, ceea ce fus
ese un ideal pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care-1 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrez\uc1\u259Xream n vremuri de bej
enie, a fost ndep\uc1\u259Xrtat din }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cauza unor nemul\uc1\u355Xumiri pe care eu continui
a le considera }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ca fictive si care, desigur, au fost pricinuite de o prea mare }\par\pard\li300
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dorin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a lui
Gusti s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X bine; 1-am frnat ct am putut, }\par\pard\li3000\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar tot mi-a sc\uc1\u259Xpat
printre degete. Multe trebuie s\uc1\u259X mai }\par\pard\li3000\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndure un suveran si aceast\uc1\u259X
chestiune m-a costat mul\uc1\u355Xi ani }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din via\uc1\u355Xa mea".}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Importante sunt si aprecierile unui
om politic cu }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {experien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, ministrul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vaier P
op: \uc1\u8222X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aparen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, Romni
a era }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizat
\uc1\u259X ca un stat totalitar, cu o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Const}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itu\uc1\u355Xie autoritar\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu un partid unic, cu regele sef de
partid, cu toat\uc1\u259X lumea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {mbr\uc1\u259Xcat\uc1\u259X n uniform\uc1\u259X, cu salutul roman
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Toate acestea }
\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau ns\uc1\u25
9X o simpl\uc1\u259X spoial\uc1\u259X, care nu putea ascunde }\par\
pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realitatea pentru obs
ervatorul perspicace; Romnia f\uc1\u259Xcea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {antisemitism de circumstan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, reg
im totalitar cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {46}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgw
sxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2000
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {masoni si democra\uc1\u355Xi cunoscu\uc1\u355Xi s
i ncerca o apropiere de }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Germania cu anglo-francofili s.a.m.d. Regele era nconjurat }\par\
pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de oameni de aceleasi
credin\uc1\u355Xe, iar situa\uc1\u355Xia Elenei Lupescu }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era mai tare dect oricnd". De altfel, n a
udien\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 23 }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie 1940, Vaier Pop i-a declarat limpe
de lui Carol al II-lea: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XRegimul }\par\pa
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalitar din Romnia est
e numai o form\uc1\u259X f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X con\uc1\u355Xinut, mai }\par\par
d\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mult o parodie dect
o realitate". Analiza concret\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului instaurat la }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {10 februarie 1938 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduce la concluzia }\
par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X acest
a a fost un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {regim de }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {autoritate monarhic\uc1\u259X.}\b0 \par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Politica economic\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {a regimului s-a caracterizat prin }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cresterea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
nterven\uc1\u355Xiei statului, exprimat\uc1\u259X n m\uc1\u259Xsurile viznd }\par\
pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coordonarea activit

\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii economice, n comenzile masive }\par\pard\li1986\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcute industriei, n achizi\
uc1\u355Xionarea unor mari cantit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de }\par\pard\li1986\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cereale si stocare lor, n angajarea u
nor mprumuturi pe }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {pia\uc1\u355Xa intern\uc1\u259X, n dirijarea comer\uc1\u355Xului ex
terior si controlul }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {circula\uc1\u355Xiei valutare. Via\uc1\u355Xa economic\uc1\u259X a fos
t influen\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X de: }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {evolu\uc1\u355Xia situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u355Xi
onale, care a impus acordarea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unei aten\uc1\u355Xii prioritare narm\uc1\u259Xrii n
vederea ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\u355Xelor; reorientarea comer\uc1\u355Xul
ui exterior n condi\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispari\uc1\u355Xiei unor pie\uc1\u355Xe tradi\uc1\
u355Xionale pentru Romnia; }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ngreunarea transporturilor intena\uc1\u355Xionale; }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {stocarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\
par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diferite state a
unor produse, ndeosebi strategice.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {A fost reorganizat Ministerul Industriei si Comer\uc1\u355Xulu
i, }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care la }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 aprilie 1938 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a transfo
rmat n Ministerul Economiei }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale, cu sarcina }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
a realiza ndrumarea, coordonarea si }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncurajarea dezvolt\u
c1\u259Xrii for\uc1\u355Xelor de produc\uc1\u355Xie, distribuirea }\par\p
ard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produc\uc1\u355Xiei pr
in comer\uc1\u355Xul intern, orientarea si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprave
gherea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importul
ui, ntocmirea legilor economice pe trm industrial, comercial }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si bancar. Prin decretul din
octombrie 1939, Ministerul Economie}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i }\par\pa
rd\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale pu
tea hot\uc1\u259Xr sindicalizarea tuturor }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderilor dintr-o ramur\uc1\u259X industria
l\uc1\u259X, stabilind sarcini }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {concrete de produc\uc1\u355Xie si de desfacere a m\uc1\u259Xrfur
ilor.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe linia
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {cresterii rolului statului }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {n economia na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nscrie decretul din ianuarie 1}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care s-a nf
iin\uc1\u355Xat }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Comisariatul General al Petrolului pe lng\uc1\u259X Ministerul }\par\
pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Economiei Na\uc1\u3
55Xionale, care se ocupa de extrac\uc1\u355Xia si }\par\pard\li1973\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prelucrarea \uc1\u355Xi\uc1\u355
Xeiului, precum si de transportul, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nmagazinarea n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezervo
are, vnzarea si distribuirea produselor, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {satisfacerea nevoilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {armatei si popula\uc1\u355Xiei civile, exportul de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petrol s.a. Deciziile acestui }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comisariat erau executorii. }\par\pard\li1973\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliul Superior Economic a
fost mputernicit, prin decretul-lege }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din l iunie 1938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1

\u259X ntocmeasc\uc1\u259X si s\uc1\u259X adopte, n conformitate }\par\pard\li1973
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu conjunctura economic\uc1\
u259X, planurile si programele de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ra\uc1\u355Xionalizare si de valorificare a produc\uc1
\u355Xiei na\uc1\u355Xionale care, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X ce erau}\par\pard\li8013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {47}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1584
0\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {aprobate de Consiliul de Ministri, deveneau obligatorii pentru
toate }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minist
erele. Consiliul Superior Economic putea face propuneri de }\par\p
ard\li3146\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coordonare a linii
lor generale n politica schimburilor, tarifelor si }\par\pard\li3146\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contribu\uc1\u355Xiilor fiscale
n vederea mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirii situa\uc1\u355Xiei }\pa
r\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice a \uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259Xrii, aviza proiectele de tratate si conven\uc1\u355Xii cu }\par\par
d\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {caracter economic, finan
ciar sau social. Numirea membrilor }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului se f\uc1\u259Xcea direct de c\uc1\u259Xtre rege.
}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In cursul anulu
i 1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {produc\uc1\u355Xia industrial\uc1\u259X }
\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a continuat }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X creasc\uc1\u259X, ns\uc1\u259X dec
lansarea celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondial, la l septembrie }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1939, a dus}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { la restrngerea }\
par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posibilit\uc1\u25
9X\uc1\u355Xilor de aprovizionare a industriei romnesti cu }\par\pard
\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materii prime si se
mifabricate (bumbac, cauciuc, metale }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s.a.), astfel nct unele ntreprinderi textile si metalur
gice, }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u
259X ce si-au consumat stocul de rezerve, au fost nevoite }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X-si nchid\uc1\u259X por\uc1
\u355Xile. De asemenea, starea de nesiguran\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li31
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generat\uc1\u259X de r\uc1\u25
9Xzboi a f\uc1\u259Xcut ca volumul investi\uc1\u355Xiilor n scopuri }\par\pard\li
3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {productive s\uc1\u259X scad\
uc1\u259X. Efortul principal a fost ndreptat spre }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produc\uc1\u355Xia de armament si echipame
nt de r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- att de }\par\pard\li
3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare n conjunctura }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X devenit\uc1\u259X
deosebit de }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{nefavorabil\uc1\u259X Romniei.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Principala ramur\uc1\u259X a economiei na\uc1\u355Xional
e a }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continuat
s\uc1\u259X fie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {agricultura. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Metodele agrotehnice avansate }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cultivare a p\uc1\u259Xmntului s-au exti
ns; au cunoscut o }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {anumit\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { dezvoltare cultura plant
elor tehnice - in, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnep\uc1\u259X, r\uc1\u259Xpit
\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-, }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si legumicultura si cresterea vitelor. Concen
tr\uc1\u259Xrile si }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {rechizi\uc1\u355Xiile masive au lipsit ns\uc1\u259X agricultura de o bun\uc1

\u259X parte }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
for\uc1\u355Xei de munc\uc1\u259X, ceea ce a dus la o accentuat\uc1\u259X sc\uc1
\u259Xdere }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a pr
oduc\uc1\u355Xie}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i ncepnd din 1939. Prin decretul -leg
e din 1939, Ministerul }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Agriculturii si Domeniilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpreun\uc1\u
259X cu Ministerul Ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale erau autorizate s\
uc1\u259X g\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mijloacele
cele mai }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {po
trivite pentru organizarea agriculturii n vremuri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {excep\uc1\u355Xionale, }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {avnd ca obiectiv asigurarea aprovizion\uc1\u259Xrii ar
matei si }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popu
la\uc1\u355Xiei civile.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {n domeniul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {financiar }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {s-au urm\uc1\u259Xrit echilibrarea bugetului, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cresterea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {veniturilor statului, n special pe baza impozitelor indirecte. }\par\pard\li31
20\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La sfrsitul anului 1939 }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au f\uc1\u259Xcut sim\uc1\u355Xite simptomele infla\uc
1\u355Xiei, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {car
e a luat amploare n anii urm\uc1\u259Xtori, n mai 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {94
0, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Banca }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a fost autorizat\uc1\u
259X s\uc1\u259X reevalueze stocul de aur, }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opera\uc1\u355Xie n urma c\uc1\u259Xreia le
ul a fost depreciat cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {50% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {nivelul anului 1929.}\par\pard\li3626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {Comer\uc1\u355Xul }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exteri
or a fost marcat de decretul din l octombrie }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a stabil
it c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xn interesul ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii na\uc1\u355Xiona
le si al }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii economiei si produc\uc1\u355Xiei romnesti" nici un export nu
}\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea fi execu
tat dect pe baza unei autoriza\uc1\u355Xii de export }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {netransmisibil\uc1\u259X. }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {48}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn226\cols2\colno1\colw8866\colsr-0\colno2\colw257
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deteriorarea situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u
355Xionale a f\uc1\u259Xcut ca }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalele produse de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expor
t ale Romniei - petrolul si cerealele - }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X devin\uc1\u259X obiect de puternic\uc1\u259X
disput\uc1\u259X ntre marile puteri. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia era una dintre cele mai mari \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
ri produc\uc1\u259Xtoare }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {de petrol din Europa, iar acest produs c\uc1\u259Xp\uc1
\u259Xtase o }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X deosebit\uc1\u259X pentru aprovizionarea mas
inii de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1
\u259Xzboi; de asemenea, dispunnd de mari cantit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi

de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cereale
pentai export si avnd nevoie de produse }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fabricate, ea constituia o pia\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259X sigur\uc1\u259X si rentabil\uc1\u259X pentru }\par\pard\l
i1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile in
dustr}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ializate.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernan\uc1\u355Xii romni continuau s\uc1\u259X prom
oveze o politic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {orientat\uc1\u259X spre Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic,
opunndu-se }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strng
erii leg\uc1\u259Xturilor cu Germania. Dar via\uc1\u355Xa a demonstrat }\par\par
d\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X Romnia a
fost abandonat\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u8222Xmarile democra\uc1\u355Xii }\pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale". Caro
l }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea a c\uc1\u259Xutat s\uc1\u259X
opun\uc1\u259X rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penetra\uc1\u355Xiei capitalului german, d
ar posibilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contracarare a ofensivei hitleriste au deve
nit tot mai }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{limitate, n acest sens este sugestiv faptul c\uc1\u259X -ntr-un }
\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {context interna\
uc1\u355Xional extrem de dificil, generat de}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ocupa
rea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovaci
ei -a fost semnat la 23 martie 1939 un tratat economic }\par\pard
\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romno-german, care }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea o puternic\uc1\u259X dezvoltare a }\pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {real\uc1\u355Xiilor
dintre cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri si o serie de }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {avantaje unilaterale }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {pentru Germania; totusi, cnd atmosfera s-a mai li
mpezit, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autorit
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de la Bucuresti au tergiversat aplicarea lui.}\par\pard\
li2333\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cresterea rolului Germ
aniei pe arena european\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {influen\uc1\u355Xat si situa\uc1\u355Xia econo
miei romnesti. Astfel, dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocuparea Austriei si Cehoslovaciei, }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {monopolurile germane au }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preluat cea mai mare parte a pachetelor
de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiuni de\uc1\u355Xinute n }\par\
pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia de capitalis
tii din cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri. In esen\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X, n-a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {avut loc o sporire a aportului de capital german, care s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {duc\uc1\u259X la o efecti
v\uc1\u259X dezvoltare a foi\uc1\u355Xelor de produc\uc1\u355Xie, ci s-a }\par\p
ard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat o prelua
re, mai mult sau mai pu\uc1\u355Xin for\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X, a }
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderilor
existente sau o substituire a capitalului, }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {determinate de n\uc1\u355Xelegerile interv
enite ntre marile trusturi }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi a cre
scut sensibil, ponderea capitalului }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {german n economia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ro
mneasc\uc1\u259X era nc\uc1\u259X modest\uc1\u259X. In }\par\pard\li1826\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {a petrolului - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ramur\uc1\u259X n care lupta dintr
e monopolurile }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {

str\uc1\u259Xine a fost cea mai acerb\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capitalul german a sporit de la }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {0,18% n 1938 la 5.81 % n 1940. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {n condi\uc1\u355Xiile n care masina }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de r\uc1\u259Xzboi hitlerist\uc1\u259X subjugase
o parte nsemnat\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Europei, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 mai 1940 a
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost semnat \uc1\u8222Xpactul petrolului", }
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care Ge
rmania ob\uc1\u355Xinea prioritate la exporturile }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesti, \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259
X primind n schimb armament si }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {echipament de r\uc1\u259Xzboi. Desi pre\uc1\u355Xurile
la petrol cresteau }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {vertiginos pe pia\uc1\u355Xa mondial\uc1\u259X, Romnia s-a ang
ajat s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {vnd\uc1\u259X acest produs la pre\uc1\u355Xurile antebelice, ceea
ce }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nsemna o ma
re concesie f\uc1\u259Xcut\uc1\u259X hitleristilor. Pe m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X
ce }\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germ}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ania }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xine}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {a }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {victori}
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i pe }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {front, }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {penetr}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mono}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {poluril}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {or
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {germa}\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ne n}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {49}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsx
n360\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
86\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economia romneasc\uc1\u259X se accen
tua, acestea prelund }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {masiv ac\uc1\u355Xiunile apar\uc1\u355Xinnd capitalistilor din statele nv
inse.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Politica
social\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a vizat, n principal,
sprijinirea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {marii }\b0 \par\pard\li3146\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {burghezii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {interesate n dezvoltarea industriei grele si n cea privind
}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nzestrarea }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armatei. Aceast\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
grupare, ce avea n frunte pe nsusi regele }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea, era
dependent\uc1\u259X de sprijinul statului, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalul creditor si cump\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\
u259Xtor al}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produselor realizate.}\par\pard\li366
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica guvernamental\uc1\u2
59X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnime }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a vizat }\par\pard\li3
146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordarea unui }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sprijin n vederea moderniz\uc1\u259Xrii produc\uc1\u355
Xiei si }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spori
rii disponibilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{export. Prin decretul din 5 }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\

cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1938 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a nfiin\uc1
\u355Xat Banca pentru Industrializarea si }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Valorificarea Produselor Agricole, care acorda credi
te pentru }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produ
c\uc1\u355Xia si valorificarea produselor ob\uc1\u355Xinute de pe }\
par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propriet\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xile mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mari de 5 }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {hectare. Totodat\uc1\u259X, statul a }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordat unele facilit\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xi pentru cump\uc1\u259Xrarea de masini }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agricole, pentru exportul de produ
se animaliere si }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {vegetale. Prin decretul-lege privind mobilizarea agricol\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din septembrie
}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939,}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gospod\uc1\u259Xriile mosieresti beneficiau de oameni spec
ial }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recruta\uc1
\u355Xi pentru}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
uncile agricole.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {Muncitorimea }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a suportat si ea consecin\uc1\u
355Xele negative ale }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {deterior\uc1\u259Xrii situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u355Xionale si
izbucnirii r\uc1\u259Xzboiului }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {mondial. Astfel, n martie}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerul Munci
i a fost autorizat s\uc1\u259X prelungeasc\uc1\u259X ziua }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de lucru la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {10}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ore n ntrep
rinderile industriale, oricnd necesit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile o }\par\pard\li3146\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impuneau, iar n iulie}\par\pard\li
3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {s-a adoptat un decret pentru stabilirea regimului muncii }\par\pard\li3146
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mprejur\uc1\u259Xri}\par\pard\li
3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {excep\uc1\u355Xionale, care
hot\uc1\u259Xra prelungirea zilei de lucru peste }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {durata ei normal\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li3146\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de 8 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o
re (f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a preciza cu ct), suspendarea vremelnic\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a repausului}\par\p
ard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {duminical si s\uc1\u25
9Xrb\uc1\u259Xtorilor legale, precum si a concediului }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de odihn\uc1\u259X n}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderile care lucrau pentru arma
t\uc1\u259X. Totodat\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, a fost }\par\pard\l
i3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interzis dreptul la}\par\pa
rd\li3146\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grev\uc1\u259X.}\par\pa
rd\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Intelectualitatea }\b
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a continuat s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X o situa\uc1\
u355Xie material\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {superioar\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celorlalte catego
rii sociale.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
general, anii 1938 - 1940 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au caracteriz
at prin }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {accen
tuarea procesului de stratificare social\uc1\u259X, a c\uc1\u259Xrui
}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dominant\uc1\u
259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost detasarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{puternic\uc1\u259X a unei grup\uc1\u259Xri a marii }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {burghezii industriale si bancare, n frunte
cu regele}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lea.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \

fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidele politice si atitudinea lor fa\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259X de regimul }\b0 \par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {lui }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Carol al II-lea. }\b0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi au fost scoase n afara legii, prin decretul-lege }\par\p
ard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 30 martie 1938, }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidele politice au continuat, n fapt, s\uc1\u259X-}
\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si desf\uc1\u259
Xsoare activitatea, evident c\uc1\u259X ntr-un cadru mult mai }\par\pard\li3133\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {restrns dect n perioada anterioar\uc1
\u259X. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {50}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2253\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li22
53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Partidele mici, care n perioada anterioar\uc1\u259X sprijiniser\uc
1\u259X }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic
a lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {Partidul Agrar }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Constantin Arget
oianu), }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Front
ul Romnesc }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Alexandru Vaida-Voevod), }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidul Nationalist-}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Democrat }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(Nicolae lorga) }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au primit favorabil actul
dizolv\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {partidelor politice si m\uc1\u259Xsurile ce au urmat. La rndul s\uc1\u259
Xu, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea a ng\uc1\u259Xduit ca aceste organiza\uc1\u355X
ii si grup\uc1\u259Xri s\uc1\u259X-}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {si continue oficios activitatea, concretizat\uc1\u25
9X n \uc1\u355Xinerea }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {leg\uc1\u259Xturii permanente ntre conducerile centrale si }\p
ar\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355X
iile jude\uc1\u355Xene, editarea unor ziare proprii sub }\par\pard\li
1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {titulatur\uc1\u259X \uc1\u
8222Xindependent\uc1\u259X" }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. Membrii acesto
r part}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ide si }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grup\uc1\u259Xri au ocupat func\uc1\u355Xii si dem
nit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, constituind o surs\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cadre }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe
ntru regim.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alte
partide mici si-au ncetat activitatea: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Partidul Poporului, }\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {Partidul Conservator, Partidul Radical-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259Xnesc }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Partidul }\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Crestin,}\i0 { }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {datorit\uc1\u259X faptului c\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { sefii lor au decedat, iar partizanii }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestora fie au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aban
donat activitatea politic\uc1\u259X, fie au aderat la }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alte organiza\uc1\u355Xii. Aceast\uc1
\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xie a avut ca efect }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simplificarea sistemului partidist din Romnia.
}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Organiza\uc1\u3
55Xiile politice ale minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale
si-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continuat activitatea. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Part
idul Maghiar }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a luat numele de }\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Comunitatea }\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {Maghiar\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a aderat la Frontul Renasterii Na\uc1\u355Xio

nale n }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ianuari
e }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939. n locul fostilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtori \uc1\u8222Xintransigen\uc1\u355Xi", n }\par\par
d\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frunte cu Gyrfas }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elmer si Bethlen Gyrgy, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
au fost promova\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Bnffy Miklos si Szasz Pal, care aveau leg\uc1\u259Xturi cu Curtea
}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regal\uc1\u259X
si cu unele cercuri ale burgheziei romnesti. }\par\pard\li1733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Speran\uc1\u355Xa lui }\fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea c\uc1\u259X va col
abora cu acesti lideri, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcndu-le numeroase concesii si acordndu-le adev\uc1\u259Xra
te }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privilegii,
s-a dovedit a fi nentemeiat\uc1\u259X. In fapt, Comunitatea }\par\pard\li1733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maghiar\uc1\u259X din Romnia er
a dirijat\uc1\u259X de la Budapesta si }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promova politica Ungariei, ndreptat\uc1\u259X mp
otriva integrit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriale a statului romn. Liderii Comunit\uc1\
u259X\uc1\u355Xii Maghiare }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {au primit cu satisfac\uc1\u355Xie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dic
tatul de la Viena din 30 august 1940, care }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xncorona" activitatea lor, }\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X de-a lungul perioadei }\pa
r\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelice.}\par\p
ard\li2226\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidul German }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fuzionat n noiembrie 1938 cu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {Partidul Poporului }\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {German, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituindu-se }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comunitatea Germanilor din Romnia, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {care, n }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ianuarie 1939, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a aderat la Frontul
Renasterii Na\uc1\u355Xionale, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ncercarea lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea de a atrage de partea sa pe }\par\
pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderii minorit\uc1\u
259X\uc1\u355Xii germane a esuat, acestia fiind tot mai mult }\par\pard\li1733\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contamina\uc1\u355Xi de hitler
ism. Este semnificativ faptul c\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F
ritz }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fabricius,
presedintele Comunit}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Ge
rmanilor din Romnia, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ndeplinea si func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al Uniunii Ger
manilor }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minorit
ari din Europa; n aceast\uc1\u259X calitate, el era subordonat }\par\pard\li1733\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {direct al lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Rudolf Hess, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loc\uc1\u355Xiitorul
lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adolf Hitler. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Prin }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interve
n\uc1\u355Xia direct\uc1\u259X a Berlinului, care a}\par\pard\li7746\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {51}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-2
harscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrit s\uc1\u259X pun\uc1\u259X cap\uc1\u259Xt definiti
v disputelor dintre Fabricius si }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Bonfert, cei doi au fost destitui\uc1\u355Xi si,
dup\uc1\u259X un scurt }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {interimat al lui Wolfram Brukner, n fruntea Comunit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u3

55Xii a }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nu
mit, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 septembrie 1940, Andreas Schmidt, ginere
le naltului }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demn
itar nazist Gottlob Berger.}\par\pard\li3693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Principalul partid de opozi\uc1\u355Xie era }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {PartidulNa\uc1\u355Xional-}\i0 \par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc }\i0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condus }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de luliu Maniu.
Acesta a f\uc1\u259Xcut repetate }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declara\uc1\u355Xii mpotriva regimului }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {instaurat de Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-le
a, }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protestnd con
tra m\uc1\u259Xsurilor de restrngere a drepturilor si }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor democratice
. luliu Maniu a declarat c\uc1\u259X actul de }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvare a partidelor politice era nec
onstitu\uc1\u355Xional si a }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {precizat: \uc1\u8222XNu ne socotim dizolva\uc1\u355Xi, ci ne s
im\uc1\u355Xim obliga\uc1\u355Xi a }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {continua activitatea noastr\uc1\u259X". El a decis
ca to\uc1\u355Xi cei care }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptau demnit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi din partea rege
lui s\uc1\u259X fie considera\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exclusi din Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc
1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc. ntre acestia s-au }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflat Petre Andrei }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {si Mihai Ralea, membri ai Comitetului Executiv al }\par\pard\li3173\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidului. Tactica lui }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luliu Maniu a fost aceea de a h\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u355Xui }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reg
im}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ul, de a-1 critica n orice }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {mprejurare si de a-1 }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {compromite. El nu urm\uc1\u259Xrea mobilizarea opozi
\uc1\u355Xiei mpotriva }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {politicii lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {al II-lea, ci de a-1 l\uc1\u259Xsa pe rege s\uc1\u259X se macine }\par\pard
\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca urmare a propriil
or greseli si a incompeten\uc1\u355Xei n }\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gestionarea bunurilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {statului.}\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Presedintele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidului National-Liberal, }\i0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin I.C. }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, a adoptat ini\uc1\u355Xi
al o atitudine pozitiv\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\
li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul de autoritate
monarhic\uc1\u259X. El a admis ca fostii }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xi ai Consiliului de M
inistri, provenind din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul }\par\pard\li316
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal, }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X parte, cu titlu personal, din guvernu
l }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 februarie 1938.}\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar, dup\uc1\u259X publicarea decretului din }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 martie 1938, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privind }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvarea
partidelor politice, Constantin I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a n\uc1\u355Xeles c\uc1\u259X suveranul nu
se limita doar la ac\uc1\u355Xiuni mpotriva }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G\uc1\u259Xrzii de Fier, ci era decis s\uc1\u259X
permanentizeze noul regim, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {distrugnd sistemul democratic, n consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el a protestat }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva decretului-lege din 30 martie, afirmnd: \uc1\u82
22XMai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {curnd sau }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai trziu, tot la ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de partide tre
buie s\uc1\u259X se revie, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {pentru a da vie\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xionale un ritm
normal". Mai mult, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conducerea Partidului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a hot\uc1\u259Xrt, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {5 aprilie }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1938, excluderea din acest partid a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celor care au
semnat decretul }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de dizolvare, ntre acestia num\uc1\u259Xrndu-se si Gheorghe }\par\pard
\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xres
cu. n func\uc1\u355Xia de sec}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retar general
al Partidului National-}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost ales Constantin
(Bebe) Br\uc1\u259Xtianu. Pe de alt\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte, ca urmare a disensiunilor ntre g
ruparea br\uc1\u259Xtienist\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si cea t\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescian\uc1\u259X, ponderea
liberalilor n via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X s-a }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminuat.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn
0\f0\charscalex100 {O caracteristic\uc1\u259X esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X a vie\
uc1\u355Xii politice din Romnia }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {de dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 februarie 1938
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost ameliorarea rela\uc1\u355Xiilor dintre }\par
\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u3
55Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc si Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {National-Liberal, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ajungndu-se la desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea unor ac\uc1\u355Xiuni comune,
care nu }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau
de conceput n perioada anterioar\uc1\u259X, n aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborare, Partidul
Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, prin liderul s\u
c1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luliu
Maniu, juca rolul de \uc1\u8222Xprim\uc1\u259X vioar\uc1\u259X", n
timp ce }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Con
stantin I.C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu se mul\uc1\u355Xumea cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {un rol secund.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n fapt, Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc si Part
idul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-au conti
nuat activitatea, chiar dac\uc1\u259X erau formal }\par\pard\li1880\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvate. O parte a presei
na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xniste si na\uc1\u355Xion
al }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-liberale a
continuat s\uc1\u259X apar\uc1\u259X sub titulaturi independente; }\par\pard\li1
880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre conducerile centrale
si organiza\uc1\u355Xiile locale s-a }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinut o leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X per
manent\uc1\u259X; liderii celor dou\uc1\u259X partide }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au putut avea contacte cu reprez
entan\uc1\u355Xii presei }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {occidentale, iar emisarii lor au circulat nestingheri\uc1\u355Xi pes
te }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\u3

55X\uc1\u259X. M\uc1\u259Xsurile coercitive au ocolit, de regul\uc1\
u259X, pe }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\
uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti si pe na\uc1\u355Xionali-li
berali. Totusi, p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e anumite }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termene - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de regul\uc1\u259X dou\uc1\u259X-trei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luni - u
nele cadre, ntre care Virgil }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Madgearu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ilie Laz\uc1\u259Xr, G
hi\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X Popp, Comeliu Coposu, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I.Manolescu-Strunga, au fost re\uc1\u35
5Xinute, n ceea ce-1 }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {priveste pe secretarul general al Partidului Na\uc1\u355X
ional-}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354
X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnist, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Virgil Madgearu, aces
ta a primit domiciliu obligatoriu la 22 }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie 1940 si a fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el
iberat numai dup\uc1\u259X ce, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17 aprilie 194
0, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Mihalach
e a acceptat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demnitatea de consilier regal, pe care
}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a de\uc1\u355X
inut-o pn\uc1\u259X la 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 iunie 1940.}\par\pard\li23
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liderii Partidului Na\uc1\u355
Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si ai Pa
rtidului National-}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au f\uc1\u259Xcut tot ce le-a stat n put
in\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X pentru a specula }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toate sl\uc1\u259Xbiciunile de ordin intern si
extern ale regimului, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {adoptnd o atitudine protestatar\uc1\u259X, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a
se angaja ntr-o }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lupt\uc1\u259X ferm\uc1\u259X contra regimului patronat de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apreciind c\uc1\u259X acesta se va pr\uc1\u259Xbusi de
la sine.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Part
idul Social-Democrat }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cunoscut importante conv
ulsii interne, ca }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {urmare a faptului c\uc1\u259X unii dintre conduc\uc1\u259Xtorii
s\uc1\u259Xi au }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {sprijinit regimul lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {II-lea: ntre semnatarii apelului de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfiin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {are a
Frontului Renasterii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale s-au afla
t si Gheorghe }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
rigorovici, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loan Flueras, Eftimie Gherman; din parl
amentul ales la 1-2 }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {iunie 1939 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xceau parte }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {11 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xi si }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {14 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {senatori din partea }\par\pard
\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {social-democra\uc1\u355Xi
lor; Gheorghe Grigorovici a ndeplinit, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\
par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada noiembri
e 1938 - iulie 1940, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xia de subse
cretar de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat
la Ministerul Muncii, fiind primul socialist care a f\uc1\u259Xcut }\par\pard\l
i1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte din guvernul }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {n aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, for\uc1\u355Xa Partidului }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Social-Democrat s-a }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminuat considerabil. Activitatea partid}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ului si a militan\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u259Xi a }\par\pard\l

i1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost coordonat\uc1\u259X de
}\par\pard\li7880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {53}\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\mar
gbsxn666\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-213\slm
sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin Titel-Petrescu, }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {care era si directorul ziarului \uc1\u8222XLumea }\par\pard\
li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nou\uc1\u259X", n }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {anii 1938 - 1940, Partidul Social-Democrat a fost mai mult u
n }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {club de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezbateri teoretice si nu a organizat ac\uc1\u355X}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iuni practice n }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rndul muncitorimii. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conce
p\uc1\u355Xia fruntasilor acestui partid a }\par\pard\li3120\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xmas una democratic\uc1\u259X,
ostil\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259Xsurilor de restrngere a }\par\pard\li3120\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drepturilor si libert\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xilor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenesti promovate de }\par\pard\li31
20\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernan\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\pard
\li3626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidul Comunist d
in Romnia }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cunoscut unele evolu\uc1\u3
55Xii }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnifi}\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cative. Func\uc1\u355Xia de secretar general a fost nd
eplinit\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Boris }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stefanov pn\uc1\u259X n aprilie
1}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {940, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd Cominternu
l a }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hot\uc1\u
259Xrt nlocuirea lui cu Stefan Foris. Partidul Comunist s-a }\par\pard\li3093\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinut pe linia politic\u
c1\u259X anterioar\uc1\u259X n problema na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\
li3093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1\u259X n mai}\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 1940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd, printr-o di
rectiv\uc1\u259X a Interna\uc1\u355Xionalei }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comuniste, i s-a cerut s\uc1\u259X re
introduc\uc1\u259X n programul s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lozinca autodetermin\uc1\u259Xrii pn\uc1\u259X
la desp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xirea de statul romn }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu numai a Basarabiei, dar si a Bucovinei
, Transilvaniei si }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Dobrogei. n activitatea practic\uc1\u259X, Partidul Comunist a urm\uc1\u259X
rit }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stimularea
conflictelor sociale, pentru ob\uc1\u355Xinerea unor }\par\pard\li3093
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revendic\uc1\u259Xri materiale
de c\uc1\u259Xtre muncitori, a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o }\par\pard\li3
093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intens\uc1\u259X activitate
n rndul breslelor, a ini\uc1\u355Xiat unele }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manifest\uc1\u259Xri politice ndreptate mpo
triva }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ace
lasi }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp, Pa
rtidul Comunist a c\uc1\u259Xutat s\uc1\u259X profite de ac\uc1\u3
55Xiunile }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organ
izate de guvernan\uc1\u355Xi, cum a fost Congresul breslelor din }\par\pard\li30
93\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {1939, pentru a-si lansa propriile lozinci politice.}\par\pard\li3626\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Garda de Fier }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {s-a aflat, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 februarie 193
8, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o situa\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ie }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de grea. Regimul nsusi a fost o reac\uc1\
u355Xie mpotriva }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10

0 {ascensiunii Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu a
}\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xeles
pe deplin sensul ac\uc1\u355Xiunii lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al Hlea, drept care la 21 }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {februarie a decis dizolvarea partidului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {To
tul }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pentru \uc1\u354Xar\uc1\u259X. }\i0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu aces}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t prilej }\par\pard\l
i3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259Xpitan
ul" preciza: \uc1\u8222XGenera\uc1\u355Xia noastr\uc1\u259X vede bine m\uc1\u2
59Xnusa }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care i
s-a aruncat. M\uc1\u259Xnusa aruncat\uc1\u259X va r\uc1\u259Xmne ns\uc1\u259X jos.
Noi }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {refuz\uc1\
u259Xm s\uc1\u259X o ridic\uc1\u259Xm. Ceasul biruitei noastre nc\uc1\u259X n-a s
unat. E }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u
259X ceasul lor".}\par\pard\li3613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Prin acest act \uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259Xpitanul" spera s\uc1\u259X evite represiu
nile pe }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care st
ia c\uc1\u259X regele le va declansa mpotriva G\uc1\u259Xrzii de Fier. }\par\par
d\li3093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar, }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Carol al II-lea si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaboratorii s\uc1\u2
59Xi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n primul rnd Armnd
}\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc1\u259Xlin
escu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau ferm hot\u
c1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X treac\uc1\u259X la distrugerea G\uc1\u259Xrzii }
\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Fier. Pre
textul 1-a constituit o }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrisoare pe car
e Codreanu a }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{adresat-o lui Nicolae lorga la 26 martie 1938, prin care-i }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amintea }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {faptul c\uc1\u259X, cu ani n urm\uc1\u259X, ndemnase tineretu
l romn s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {fac\uc1\u259X comer\uc1\u355X, pentru a-i nl\uc1\u259Xtura pe evrei, iar acu
m cerea }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu ve
hemen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea comer\uc1\u355Xului legiona
r.}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Codreanu }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conchidea: \uc1\u8222XEsti un necinstit }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sufleteste c\uc1\u259Xci \uc1\u355Xi-ai b\uc1\u259X
tut joc pe }\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
nedrept de sufletele noastre nevinovate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[...].}\par
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {54}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
0 {De acum si pn\uc1\u259X voi nchide ochii, domnule lorga, si dup\uc1\u259X }\par
\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceea, te voi privi
asa cum meri\uc1\u355Xi". Nicolae lorga a ar\uc1\u259X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {tat }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrisoar
ea lui Armnd }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, iar acesta
1-a sf\uc1\u259Xtuit s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adreseze justi\uc1\u355Xiei. Pe aceast\uc1\u
259X baz\uc1\u259X, lui Codreanu i s-a }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intentat un proces, n urma c\uc1\u259Xruia, n ziu
a de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16 aprilie, a fost }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condamnat la 6 luni nchisoare.}\par\pard\li
2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chiar n timpul procesului au
fost efectuate descinderi la sediile }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G\uc1\u259Xrzii de Fier si la locuin\uc1\u355Xele unor li
deri legionari. A urmat un }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {nou proces }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intentat lui Corneliu

Zelea Codreanu si altor gardisti, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheiat la 27 mai 1938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{cnd \uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259Xpitanul" a fost condamnat la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {10 }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani d
e munc\uc1\u259X silnic\uc1\u259X pentru}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { cri
ma de \uc1\u8222Xreproducere n public de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secrete interesnd securitatea statului", }\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru \uc1\u8222Xdelictul de uneltire }\par\pard\li188
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contra ordinei sociale" si pent
ru \uc1\u8222Xcrim\uc1\u259X de r\uc1\u259Xzvr\uc1\u259Xtire". Din }\par\pard\l
i1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ordinul ministrului de
interne Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, zeci de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legionari si simpatizan\uc1\u355Xi ai acesto
ra au fost timisi n lag\uc1\u259Xre }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de internare amenajate la m\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xstiri
le Tismana si }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Dragomirna, precum si la Scoala de Agricultur\uc1\u259X din }\pa
r\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miercurea Ciuc.
ntre cei interna\uc1\u355Xi n ultima localitate s-au }\par\pard\li1880\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflat Nae lonescu si Mircea Eliad
e.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cunoscnd peric
olul ce-i p}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndea, mul\uc1\u355Xi legionari au semnat
}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declara\uc1\u35
5Xii de fidelitate fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C
arol al II-lea, iar Corneliu Zelea }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Codreanu si implora }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cama
razii s\uc1\u259X nu ntreprind\uc1\u259X vreo ac\uc1\u355Xiune }\par\pard\li1880
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ar avea ca rezultat ucidere
a sa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n nchisoare.}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Situa\uc1\u355Xia interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X
a evoluat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n favoarea Germaniei, care }\par\pard\li18
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijinea }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Garda de Fier. Dup\uc1\u259X acordul de la Miinchen }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(29 }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {septembrie 1938) - care }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consfin
\uc1\u355Xea politica de cedare n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agresorului promovat\uc1\u259X de Mare
a Britanic si Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {al }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {II-lea a ntreprins o vizit\uc1\u259X la Londra si Paris }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {p}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entru a vedea }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dac\uc1\u259X putea conta pe spriji
nul \uc1\u8222Xmarilor democra\uc1\u355Xii" }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale; cu acest prilej el a putut constat
a c\uc1\u259X, n fapt, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Romnia fusese abandonat\uc1\u259X. La ntoarcerea spre \uc1\u355X
ar\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C
arol }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea a f\uc1\u259Xcut o vizit\uc1\u259X
neoficial\uc1\u259X n Germania, unde }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut, la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 noiembrie, o ntre
vedere cu Adolf Hitler. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Discu\uc1\u355Xia s-a }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat
ntr-o atmsofer\uc1\u259X de nencredere reciproc\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1
866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Revenit n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1
\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea, de comun acord
cu Armnd }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc
1\u259Xlinescu, a hot\uc1\u259Xrt suprimarea lui Corneliu Zelea }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Codreanu si a
altor legionari (asasin}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii lui Duca si a
i lui M. }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {St

elescu). n noaptea de 29/30 noiembrie 1938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{acestia au fost }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {strangula\uc1\u355Xi n timp ce erau transporta\uc1\u355Xi de la nchisoarea
din }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rmnicu S\uc1
\u259Xrat la cea din Jilava.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Izbucnirea celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial,
la l }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembr
ie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939, a av}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ut ca pri
m rezultat ocuparea Poloniei de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre trupele germane si de c\uc1\u259Xtre cele
sovietice. Faptul c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {guvernul de la Bucuresti prezidat, de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {7 martie 1939,}\par\pard\li7893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {55}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Armand }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, a acceptat retragerea pe
teritoriul }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romni
ei a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintelui, guvernului si armatei Poloniei
a creat o stare de }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {tensiune ntre Bucuresti si Berlin, n acest context, la 21 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {septembrie un }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {grup de legionari, dirija\uc1\u355Xi de Horia Sima, noul lider al G\uc1\
u259Xrzii }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Fi
er, a trecut la asasinarea lui Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu. Dup\uc1\u259X ce }\par\p
ard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au anun\uc1\u355Xat
la radio c\uc1\u259X primul ministru a fost \uc1\u8222Xpedepsit",
}\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asasinii s-a
u predat autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor. Ei au fost mpusca\uc1\u355X
i si }\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {expusi p
e locul unde fusese lichidat Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu.}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Trecerea la totalitarism. Pr\uc1\u259Xbu
sirea lui }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Carol al II-}\b0 \par\pard\li3213
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {lea. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Agravarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u3
55Xionale 1-a determinat pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\par\pard\li3213
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea s\uc1\u259X ini\
uc1\u355Xieze, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceputul anului 1940, poli
tica de }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx4813\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {\uc1\u8222Xreconciliere'"}\i0 \tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355
Xional\uc1\u259X. Aceast\uc1\u259X tactic\uc1\u259X eviden\uc1\u355Xia }\p
ar\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {incapacitatea re
gimului de a rezolva prin propriile-i for\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li32
13\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gravele probleme ce st\uc
1\u259Xteau n fa\uc1\u355Xa Romniei, n\uc1\u259Xruirea }\par\pard\li3213\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {speran\uc1\u355Xelor lui }\fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea de a lichida
vechile partide, n }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {special Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc
si Partidul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal, }\par\pard\li3213\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si falimentul F.R.N.
, care nu reusise s\uc1\u259X devin\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li3213\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xie viabil\uc1\u
259X. Prin politica de \uc1\u8222Xreconciliere", regele }\par\pard\li3
213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrea s\uc1\u259
X nglobeze n F.R.N., n guvern si n celelalte }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organe de stat pe reprezentan\u
c1\u355Xii grup\uc1\u259Xrilor politice din }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xie. Presedin\uc1\u355Xii Partid

ului Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc si }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Partidului }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {National-Liberal }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n-au acceptat propune
rea regelui. La rndul }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {scarea Legionar\uc1\u259X s-a ar\uc1\u259Xtat receptiv\uc1\u259X la polit
ica de }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u82
22Xreconciliere".}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n urma tratativelor purtate de unii fruntasi ai G\uc1\u259Xrzii de }\par\pard\l
i3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fier cu reprezentan\uc1\
u355Xi ai guvernului si ai parlamentului, un }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xr mare de legionari au f\
uc1\u259Xcut declara\uc1\u355Xii de renun\uc1\u355Xare la }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {convinge}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
rile lor politice si de loialitate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al IIlea si de }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regim
ul s\uc1\u259Xu. Prin mai multe decizii ale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministe
rului de Interne, }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ncepnd cu luna martie 1940 s-a trecut la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {eliberarea n mas\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {legionarilor din lag\uc1\u259Xre si nchisori. O mare parte a gar
distilor }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care f
ugiser\uc1\u259X n Germania de teama represaliilor s-a ntors }\par\pard\li3213\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X. La }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {18 aprilie. Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II
-lea a primit o delega\uc1\u355Xie de }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legionari, iar n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziua
de 18 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie a avut o discu\uc1\u355Xie cu Hor
ia }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sima, ofic
ializnd astfel \uc1\u8222Xreconcilierea" realizat\uc1\u259X. Asada}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {r, }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {politica de \uc1\u8222Xreconciliere" a avut ca }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {principal rezultat realizarea }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-226\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordului dintre guvern si Miscarea Legionar\
uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Luna
iunie 1940 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marcheaz\uc1\u259X o important\u
c1\u259X evolu\uc1\u355Xie a }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {regimului politic din Romnia. Sub impactul evenimentelor }\par\
pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xiona
le }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- caracterizate prin victoriile militare al
e Germaniei - }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
regimul de autoritate monarhic\uc1\u259X a evoluat spre }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {totalitarism. }\b0 \par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Chiar n ziua capitul\uc1\u259Xrii Fran\uc1\u355Xei, }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {22 iunie 1940, Carol al II-lea a }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decis transformarea F.R.N. n }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xiunii, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
care a fost declarat }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u8222Xpartid unic si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalitar", n
acest partid erau obliga\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li321
3\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nscrie to\uc1\u355Xi func\uc
1\u355Xionarii publici, membrii organelor de }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducere ale asocia\uc1\u355Xiilor p
rofesionale, membrii consiliilor }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de administra\uc1\u355Xie ale ntreprinderilor publice si
private s.a. }\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
aceeasi zi a ap\uc1\u259Xrut decre}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tul-lege pentru 5
6}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\m
argtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xap\uc1\u259X
rarea ordinei politice unice si totalitare a statului }\par\pard\l
i2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn", care prevedea pedepse
grele pentru cei care f\uc1\u259Xceau }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagand\uc1\u259X n vederea schimb\uc1\u259Xrii organiz
\uc1\u259Xrii politice a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ar fi constituit organiza\uc1\u3
55X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii secrete sau ar fi }\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {reconstituit }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {asocia\uc1\u355Xii dizolvate, precum si pentru orice fapte care ar fi }
\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xrit
s\uc1\u259X discrediteze Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xiunii }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xorganiza\uc1\u355Xia }\par
\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic\uc1\u259X un
ic\uc1\u259X" recunoscut\uc1\u259X de lege.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Notele ultimative sovietice din 26 si 27 i
unie 1940, urmate de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ocup}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {area Basarabiei si nordului Bucovinei
de c\uc1\u259Xtre Armata }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Rosie, au }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marcat nceputul sfrsitului pentr
u regele Carol }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al 11-lea. El }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a continuat s\uc1\u259X spere
c\uc1\u259X prin manevre politice va putea }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xine n minile sale crma }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului. La 28 iunie 1940, Horia }\par\pard\li1973\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sima a fos}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {t numit n func\uc1\u355Xia de subsecretar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de sta
t la Ministerul }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Cultelor si Artelor, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Garda de Fier }\b0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {devenind astfel, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru prima d
at\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
la nfiin\uc1\u355Xarea sa, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
X politic\uc1\u259X de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pest
e }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cteva zile,
la 4 iulie, 1-a nvestit pe Ion Gigurtu, agreat la Berlin, c
u }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fomarea unui
nou guvern. Astfel, baza politic\uc1\u259X a regimului }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se modifica radical, persoanele a
par\uc1\u355Xinnd grup\uc1\u259Xrii lui }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu si celei a defu
nctului Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {fiind nl\uc1\u259Xturate. In acest guvern, le}\fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {gionarii }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au primit dou\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minister
e si un subsecretariat de stat.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Aceste spectaculoase schimb\uc1\u259Xri politice, care }
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exprimau dorin
\uc1\u355Xa lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {al II-lea de a se adapta noilor }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de pe continent, nu
aveau sor\uc1\u355Xi de izbnd\uc1\u259X. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15 }\
par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie, Hitler }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a trimis regelui o scrisoare extrem de dur\uc1\u259X, n
care-i }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerea
pe un ton ultimativ ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X nceap\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negocieri cu Ungaria
si cu Bulgaria, pornind de la ideea }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ced\uc1\u259Xrii de teritorii n favoarea }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestora. La 20 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie o del

ega\uc1\u355Xie, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n frunte cu Horia Sima, s-a prezentat la Palat, cernd }\par\pa
rd\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui s\uc1\u259X ncre
din\uc1\u355Xeze puterea Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare. Evident, }\par\pard\li1973
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele nu a acceptat.}\par\pard\
li2480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Persevernd pe drumul pe car
e pornise, Carol al II-lea a dat publi-}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {8 august, decretul-lege privitor la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {starea juridic\uc1\u259X}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { a }\b0 \par\pa
rd\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {locuitorilor evrei }\
b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia, ncercnd s\uc1\u259X se nscrie astfel }\pa
r\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xn noua or
dine european\uc1\u259X" impus\uc1\u259X de Germania. Decretul }\par\pard\li1960
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interzicea evreilor veni\uc1\u35
5Xi n Romnia dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 decembrie 1918 }\par
\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X ocupe fu
nc\uc1\u355Xii publice, s\uc1\u259X fie militari de carier\uc1\u259X, s\uc1\u25
9X fac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{parte din consilii de adminstra\uc1\u355Xie, s\uc1\u259X de\uc1\u3
55Xin\uc1\u259X propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rurale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n expunerea de motive se aprecia c\uc1\u259X
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {gangele }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {romnesc" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era u
n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xelement principal de asezare
a na\uc1\u355Xiei*}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {. }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {In }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{mijloacele de propagand\uc1\u259X n mas\uc1\u259X patronate de regim au }\par
\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput s\uc1\u259X
predomine cuv}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {\uc1\u8222Xtotalitarism", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xna
\uc1\u355Xionalism", }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xrealism european", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia
r democra\uc1\u355Xia era repudiat\uc1\u259X cu }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vehemen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. Totusi,
sansele de supravie\uc1\u355Xuire politic\uc1\u259X a lui }\par\pard
\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea se diminu
au de la o zi la alta.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
lsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li4440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4440\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
4. POLITICA EXTERNA A ROMNIEI }\b0 \par\pard\li4826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {N PERIOADA INTERBELIC\uc1\
u258X}\b0 \par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-2
8\cf0\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a) Princi
palele caracteristici si ac\uc1\u355Xiuni}\b0 \par\pard\li3693\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Problemele organiz\uc1\u259Xrii lumii dup\uc1\u259
X prima conflagra\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {mondial\uc1\u259X au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituit
obiectul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conferin\uc1\u355Xei de pace de la
}\b0 \par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Paris }\
b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {(1919 -1920). }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Prezent\uc1\u259X la aceast\uc1\u259X Conferin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, Romnia a }\pa
r\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xionat p
entru ob\uc1\u355Xinerea confirm\uc1\u259Xrii pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional }\
par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a hot\uc1\u259Xrri

lor adoptate n cursul anului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918 de poporul }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {privind iaurirea statului na\uc1\u355Xional unitar romn. C
onferin\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {p\uc1\u259Xcii de la Paris era chemat\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X dea c
onsacrare juridic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X noului statut }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {terito}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rial si politic al st
atului }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn, pri
n recunoasterea principiului na\uc1\u355Xionalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor si al }
\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autodetermin\uc1
\u259Xrii popoarelor, prin respectarea drepturilor }\par\pard\li3160\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legitime ale poporului romn a
supra teritoriului s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n practic\uc1\u259X ns\uc1\u259X lucrurile s-au
dovedit a fi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { mult mai }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {complicate si dificile. Desi,
potrivit tratatului din 4/17 august 1916, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia trebuia s\uc1\u259X se bucure la Conferi
n\uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\u259Xcii de drepturi }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egale cu celelalte \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri semna
tare, ea a fost inclus\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rndul statelor cu \uc1\u8222Xinterese limitate", putnd
participa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezbateri numai atunci cnd era invitat\uc1\u259X, dr
eptul de decizie }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{apar\uc1\u355Xinnd \uc1\u8222XConsiliului celor Patru" (Marea Britanic
, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355
Xa, Italia si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SUA), n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Comisia teritorial\uc1\u259X, inclusiv n }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetul pentru studierea chestiunilor
teritoriale privind }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Romnia, delega\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii romni nu au fost adm
isi.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u25
9X ample discu\uc1\u355Xii, ncepute n Comisia teritorial\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\l
i3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {11 februarie }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1919, Consiliul Suprem a stabilit, la 11 iunie 1
919, }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\
u355Xa dintre Romnia si Ungaria, iar la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13 iun
ie 1919, cea }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dintre Romnia si Regatul Srbo-Croato-Sloven, prin care se recunostea }\par\pard\li
3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {actul istoric al unirii Tran
silvaniei cu Romnia.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Marile Puteri au preg\uc1\u259Xtit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {trata
tul de pace cu Germania }\b0 \par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a ng\uc1\u259Xdui delega\uc1\u355Xiei
romne s\uc1\u259X-si exprime punctul de }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vedere, desi armata romn\uc1\u259X purtase lupt
e grele cu cea }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {german\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n anii 1916-1917, mpotri
va }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xreia repurtase }\par\pard\li3146\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xlucitele victorii de
la M\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsti, M\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsesti si Oituz, iar}\par\par
d\li3146\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {58}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn546\
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia avusese de suportat jaful ocupan\uc1\u35
5Xilor germani si }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10

0 {uriase pierderi materiale. Delega\uc1\u355Xia romn\uc1\u259X, ca si cele ale }
\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {altor state mici
, a fost nevoit\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semneze trat
atul de pace cu }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Germania, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Versailles, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {n ziua de 28 iunie 1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259
Xr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X-1 fi putut }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {studia si formula observa\uc1\u355Xii.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deoarece \uc1\u8222XConsiliul ce
lor Patru" inten\uc1\u355Xiona s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {procedeze ntr-o manier\uc1\u259X similar\uc1\u2
59X si n privin\uc1\u355Xa celorlalte }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratate, n mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, Ion
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, seful delega\uc1\u355X
iei }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne, a lua
t ini\uc1\u355Xiativa unei note verbale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colective
adresate }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Ge
orges Clemenceau, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Conferin\uc1\u355Xe
i de pace, de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
c\uc1\u259Xtre delega\uc1\u355Xiile romn\uc1\u259X, polon\uc1\u259X, srb\u
c1\u259X, cehoslovac\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {greac\uc1\u259X, prin care se cerea ca proiectele tratate
lor s\uc1\u259X le fie }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {communicate din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp, pentru a le putea ana
liza. Dar Consiliul }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {a acceptat s\uc1\u259X prezinte, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 mai,
doar un rezumat al proiectului }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {tratatului de pace cu Austria, urm}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {nd ca a doua zi s\uc1\u259X remit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li197
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {delega\uc1\u355Xiei austriece
textul complet al acestuia, n urma }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unui nou protest, adresat de Ion I.C.
Br\uc1\u259Xtianu n numele }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {delega\uc1\u355Xiilor men\uc1\u355Xionate, s-a ob\uc1\u355Xi
nut amnarea pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie a remiterii proiectului c\u
c1\u259Xtre delega\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Austriei. }\par\p
ard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Docume}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ntul con\uc1\u355Xinea unele clauze menite s\uc1\u259X
faciliteze }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ames
tecul Marilor Puteri n treburile interne ale Romniei. }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, sub pretextul grijii pentru
respectarea drepturilor }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale, Marile Puteri si
rezervau libertatea }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {de a decide m\uc1\u259Xsurile }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,pe care le
vor crede necesare" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a }\par\pard\li1973
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocroti drepturile si inter
esele acestor minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi. De }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, Romnia era obligat\uc1\u259X s\uc
1\u259X semneze o conven\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care acorda, timp de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5
ani, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xliberul tranzit" }\i0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {pentru toate }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xrfurile, mijloacele de transport si }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {supusii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XPuterilor Aliate }\
par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Asociate", f\u
c1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X nici un fel de vam\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cuvntul rostit la sedin\uc1\u355Xa plenar\
uc1\u259X a statelor aliate }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {asupra proiectului de tratat, si ntr-un memoriu adre
sat }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului
, Ion I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu afirma c\uc1\u259X Romnia este hot\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X
asigure drepturi minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, dar c\uc1\u259X ea
nu poate s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {primeasc\uc1\u259X un regim special, la care nu erau
constrnse }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toate
statele suverane. Totodat\uc1\u259X, el a ar\uc1\u259Xtat c\uc1\u259X Romnia }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era gata s\uc1\u2
59X ia m\uc1\u259Xsurile necesare pentru a usura tranzitul si }\par\pard\li1960\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a dezvolta comer\uc1\u355Xul cu c
elelalte na\uc1\u355Xiuni, n conformitate cu }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legisla\uc1\u355Xia sa intern\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\
li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntruct Consiliul nu a
acceptat obiec\uc1\u355Xiile formulate, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion. I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u25
9Xsit, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 iulie 1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Conferin\uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\u259Xcii, n }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 septembrie, Ma
rile Puteri au semnat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratatul de pace cu }\b0
\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Austria, }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Saint Germain en Laye, }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {punnd Romnia n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {faptului mplinit. In urma notelor ultimative ce i s
-au adresat, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
a semna f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X discu\uc1\u355Xii si f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X reze
rve tratatul, Ion I.C. }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu si-a dat demisia din fruntea guvernului Romniei. }\par\
pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X noi
presiuni }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diplomatice - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {care au mers pn\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amenin\uc1\u355Xarea cu excluderea delega\uc1\u355Xiei
}\par\pard\li8013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {59}\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\mar
gbsxn666\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-213\slm
sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne de la Conferin\uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\
u259Xcii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- la 10 decembrie 1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {guvernul }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {prezidat de Alexandru Vaida-Voevod a semnat tratatul de }\par\pard\li3160\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pace cu Austria. Tratatul consfin\
uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea autodeterminarea popoarelor, }\par\pard
\li3160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezagregarea monarhiei
habsbur-gice si recunostea unirea Bucovinei cu }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, n acelasi timp, el oferea o }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baz\uc1\u259X legal\uc1\u259X pentru amestecul }\par\pard\
li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marilor Puteri n treb
urile interne ale statelor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {succesorale, }\pa
r\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv ale Romniei
. La 18 decembrie 1919, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marile Puteri au trasat }\p
ar\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frontiera dintre R
omnia si Polonia, care a fost acceptat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri.}\
par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de 10 dec
embrie 1919, Romnia a semnat la Neuilly sur }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Seine }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratatul de
pace cu Bulgaria, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care stabilea c\uc1\u259X}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { hotarul dintre }\par\pard\li3160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X \u

c1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri era cel fixat n 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {913.}\par\pard
\li3666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vii discu\uc1\u355Xii a s
uscitat proiectul tratatului de pace cu }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, deoarece delega\uc1\u355Xia maghiar\uc1\u
259X, precum si unele }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {cercuri politice si financiare din Marea Britanic, Fran\uc1\u355Xa,
Italia }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si din
alte \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri se pronun\uc1\u355Xau mpotriva destr\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u
259Xrii Ungariei }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8222Xmilenare". Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, delega\uc1\u355Xia romn\uc1\u2
59X, sus\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de numerosi lideri politici, a demonstrat pe baz\uc1\u259X de
date }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concrete,
faptul c\uc1\u259X Transilvania este un str\uc1\u259Xvechi teritoriu }\par\pard\
li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc, c\uc1\u259X po
pula\uc1\u355Xia acesteia si-a exprimat n cadrul }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale
de la Alba lulia din l decembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
18 }\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hot\uc1\u259
Xrrea de a se uni cu Romnia.}\par\pard\li3666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {n 1919 a avut loc un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {conflict armat ntre
Romnia si Ungaria. }\b0 \par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Guvernul comunist de la Budapesta - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc
1\u355Xionnd de comun acord }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {cu cel b}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {olsevic de la Moscova - }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a refuzat s\uc1\u259X-si retrag\uc1\u259X trupele }\par\pa
rd\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Transilvania si a a
tacat armata romn\uc1\u259X, aflat\uc1\u259X n mun\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3133\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apuseni, n urma unor lupte grele }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(16 - 18 aprilie), atacul a fost }\par\pard\li3133\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respins, iar la 20 }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie armata romn\uc1\u259X a trecut la o }\par\pa
rd\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contraofensiv\uc1\u259X
, ocu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pnd Budapesta la 2 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {august. Dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {restabilirea ordinei, trupele romne s-au retras n limitele }\pa
r\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriului na\uc1
\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li3693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {T
ratatul de pace cu Ungaria, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost semnat la }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Trianon, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de
}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 iunie 1920. P
rin acest tratat se recunoaste unirea Transilvaniei cu Romnia. }\par\pard\li3133\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu acelasi prilej a fost isc\uc1\
u259Xlit un tratat care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- ca si n cazul celui cu }\p
ar\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Austria -}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {con\uc1\u355Xinea prevederi speciale privind \uc1\u8222Xlibe
rul tranzit" si }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {La 28 octombrie 1920, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, p
e de o parte, si Marea }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Britanie, Fran\uc1\u355Xa, Italia si Japonia, de cealalt\uc1\u259X, au s
emnat }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratatu
l de la Paris}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care se recunostea unirea
Basarabiei cu Romnia.}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Desi, n ansamblul lor, tratatele de pace ncheiate au purtat amp enta }\par\pa
rd\li3133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marilor Puteri nving\uc1
\u259Xtoare, acestea au luat n considera\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xia de fapt a pr\uc1\u259Xbus
irii Imperiului habsburgic si a celui }\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xarist, pe ruinele c\uc1\u259Xrora au ap\uc1\u25

9Xrut}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {60}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
arscalex100 {state noi, iar altele - ntre care si Romnia - si-au ntregit u
nitatea }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritor
ial\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M
arile Puteri si-au asigurat posibilitatea de a interveni n treburile }\par\pard\l
i2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice si n via\uc1\u355Xa
economic\uc1\u259X a Romniei, au impus clauze }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care au ap\uc1\u259Xsat greu asupra poporului ro
mn. Romnia a }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {treb
uit s\uc1\u259X preia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {500 milioane }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {coroane aur din datoria fostei }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {monarhii habsburgice, s\uc1\u259X pl\uc1\u259Xte
asc\uc1\u259X un miliard }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de coroane aur }\par\pard
\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezent}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {nd contravaloarea bunurilor statului austriac si }\par\par
d\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maghiar r\uc1\u259Xmase
pe teritoriile Bucovinei si Transilvaniei, s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {achite suma de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {230 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane franci drept \uc1\u822
2Xcot\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {eliberare".}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n mod firesc, Romnia avea dreptul la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{desp\uc1\u259Xgubiri de }\b0 \par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din partea
statelor in}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amice care i-au jefuit teritoriul n }\par
\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timpul ocupa\uc1\u35
5Xiei din}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1916 - 1918. Desi pierderile Romniei se
cifrau la }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {72 m
iliarde lei aur, Comisia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {repara\uc1\u355Xiil
or }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituit\uc1\
u259X pe baza }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {deciziilor Coferin\uc1\u355Xei de Pace de la Paris }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {-i-a recunoscut doar 31 }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {miliarde lei aur.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Conferin\uc1\u355Xa d
e la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Spa, din iulie 1920, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {a hot\uc1\u259Xrt ca }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Romnia s\uc1\u259X primeasc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
1,1% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din repara\uc1\u355Xiile germane si }\p
ar\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10,55% }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {din repara\uc1\u355Xiile Orientale (exigibile de la
Austria, }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ung
aria si Bulgaria). Acordurile ulterioare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- \uc1\u
8222Xplanul Dawes", }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u8222Xplanul Young", }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conferin\uc1\u355Xa
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Haga }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au f\uc1\u259Xcut ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2
120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu primeasc\uc1\u259X din
partea nici unui stat fost inamic suma }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {integral\uc1\u259X a desp\uc1\u259Xgubirilor ce i
se cuveneau.}\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Du
p\uc1\u259X ratificarea interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a actelor de Unire din
}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {politica extern\uc1\u259X a guvernelor a fost o
rientat\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ntreaga perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X, spre stabilirea unor rela\uc1\u355X
ii de }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborar

e cu toate statele, ap\uc1\u259Xrarea unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si integrit\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {teritoriale a Romniei, realizarea unui sistem de alian\uc1\u355
Xe }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viznd men\uc
1\u355Xinerea p\uc1\u259Xcii si combaterea revizionismului, }\par\pard\l
i2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurarea securit\uc1\u2
59X\uc1\u355Xii pentru toate statele. Aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2106\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orientare politic\uc1\u259X cores
pundea intereselor fundamentale ale }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {poporului romn.}\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n ansamblul raporturilor interna\uc1\u355Xionale de la sfrsitu
l }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primului r\
uc1\u259Xzboi mondial un loc important 1-au ocupat }\par\pard\li2093\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx6066\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problemele naviga\uc1\
u355Xiei pe Dun\uc1\u259Xre si}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin strm
torile M\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Negre. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Statutul definitiv al Dun\uc1\u25
9Xrii, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnat la Paris n ziua de }\par\pard\li20
93\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 iulie 1921, }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X naviga\uc1\u355Xia pe acest fluviu era liber\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si d
eschis\uc1\u259X tuturor pavilioanelor, n condi\uc1\u355Xii de perfec
t\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ega
litate. Din organele create cu acest prilej, f\uc1\u259Xceau parte, }\par\pard\l
i2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe lng\uc1\u259X statele riv
erane, Marea Britanic, Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Italia, }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care si-au asigurat un rol prepond
erent n controlul }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {naviga\uc1\u355Xiei pe fluviu.}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Conven\uc1\u355Xia de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Laus
anne (24 iulie 1923) privind }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {regimul }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {strmtorilor M\uc
1\u259Xrii Negre }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Bosfor si Dardanele
- stipula }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dem
ilitarizarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestora si libera naviga\uc1\u
355Xie pentru toate }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {vasele comerciale ale tuturor}\par\pard\li8133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {61}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{statelor, att n timp de pace, ct si n timp de r\uc1\u259Xzboi
; }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totodat\uc1\u
259X, se prevedea c\uc1\u259X statele neriverane M\uc1\u259Xrii Negre nu }\par\p
ard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau s\uc1\u259X int
re prin strmtori cu mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe nave dect cuprindea }\p
ar\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {flota celui ma
i puternic stat riveran. In Comisia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inte
rna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {strmtorilor a fost aleas\uc1\u259X si Romnia.}\par\pard\li3573\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 1919 s-a creat }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {Societatea Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {din rndul }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\
uc1\u259Xreia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
f\uc1\u259Xcea parte ca membru fondator. }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X organiza\uc1\u355Xie inter
na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X avea menirea de a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiona pentru evitarea unei noi
conflagra\uc1\u355Xii mondiale si }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrarea p\uc1\u259Xcii. Pactul Societ\uc1\u259X\u

c1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, care prevedea }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajamentul statelor membre de a respecta si me
n\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ine }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {integritatea teritorial\uc1\u259X si independen\uc1
\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X a celorlalte }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {state, oferea Romniei o garan\uc1\u355Xie cuprin
z\uc1\u259Xtoare pentru }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrarea statu-quo-ului s\uc1\u259Xu}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {teritorial si politic.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Romnia a ac\uc1\u355Xionat n sensul cresterii rolului acestei }\par
\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xii
n via\uc1\u355Xa interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, militnd pentru }\par\
pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea unor m\
uc1\u259Xsuri concrete de dezarmare, de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {descurajare a for\uc1\u355Xelor revizioniste, n
iunie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1932, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetu
l }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru deza
rmare moral\uc1\u259X a adoptat punctul de vedere }\par\pard\li3040\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc, cuprins n \uc1\u8222X
Memorandumul Pella", privind }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {adaptarea legisla\uc1\u355Xiilor na\uc1\u355Xionale la cerin\u
c1\u355Xele fundamentale }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ale vie\uc1\u355Xii interna\uc1\u355Xionale. Ca o expresie a pre\uc1\u
355Xuirii de care se }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {bucura politica extern\uc1\u259X a Romniei, reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii acestei
a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost alesi
n conducerea unor organisme ale Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3040\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, iar Nicolae
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu a ndeplinit, doi ani consecutiv, n }\par\pa
rd\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930 si 1931, }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al Adun\uc1\u259Xrii
generale a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac
estui mare for interna\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ac\uc1\u355Xionnd n spiritul Pactului Societ\uc1\u2
59X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a ini\uc1\u355Xiat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
au a contribuit la realizarea unor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {alian\uc1\u35
5X}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {e bi si }\b0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {multilaterale. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Astfel, la 3 martie 1921 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost semnat\uc1\u259
X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conven\uc1\u355Xia }\b0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {de alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X dint
re Romnia si }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Polonia, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {prin care cele }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X state se angajau s\uc1\u259X se ajute reciproc n
cazul unui }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {at
ac neprovocat la grani\uc1\u355Xa de R\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit; trat
atul a fost }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{rennoit la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 martie 1926, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cnd a c\uc1\u259Xp\uc1\u259Xtat si un con\uc1\u355Xinut mai }\par\pard\li302
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {larg, prev\uc1\u259Xznd ajutorul
mutual n cazul oric\uc1\u259Xrei agresiuni }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Exponentul cel mai autorizat al diploma\uc1\u355Xiei romnes
ti }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din perioada
imediat urm\uc1\u259Xtoare primului r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial a }\par\pard\li3026
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Take lonescu, care a mil}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itat pentru crearea unui
sistem de }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alian
\uc1\u355Xe cuprinznd Polonia, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia, Romnia,

Iugoslavia si }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
recia, a unui bloc \uc1\u8222Xde la Marea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Baltic\uc
1\u259X la Marea Egee", care s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se opun\uc1\u259X oric\uc1\u259Xror ac\uc1\u355X
iuni revizioniste. Dar contradic\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre Polonia si Cehoslovacia, }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si dintre Iugoslavia si }\par\pard\li302
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grecia au f\uc1\u259Xcut
ca planul s\uc1\u259Xu s\uc1\u259X nu reuseasc\uc1\u259X, n fa\uc1\u
355Xa }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestei
situa\uc1\u355Xii, ministrul romn s-a raliat lui Eduard }\par\pard\li
3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Benes, aducndu-si contribu\uc
1\u355Xia la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {62}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn
0\f0\charscalex100 {realizarea unui sistem de alian\uc1\u355Xe bilater
ale ntre }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehos
lovacia, Romnia si Iugoslavia, cunoscut sub numele }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Mica n\uc1\u355Xelegere. Creata n iunie }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Mica n\uc1\u355Xe
legere }\b0 \par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
propunea s\uc1\u259X promoveze o larg\uc1\u259X colaborare cu toat
e }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259Xrile, pe baza respect\uc1\u259Xrii independen\uc1\u355Xei si
suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale, a statu-quo-ului teritorial consfin\uc1\u35
5Xit prin tratatele }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {de pace de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Trianon si Neuilly. }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Mica n\uc1\u355Xelegere a fost prima }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu caracter
regional constituit\uc1\u259X n Europa dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2173\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial
, care se baza pe Pactul Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li21
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor si urm\uc1
\u259Xrea s\uc1\u259X creeze un cli}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mat de pace si s
ecuritate n }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cent
rul si sud-estul Europei.}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {O coordonat\uc1\u259X fundamental\uc1\u259X a politicii exte
rne a }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei
a constituit-o continuarea orient\uc1\u259Xrii tradi\uc1\u355Xionale }\
par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spre Fran\uc1\u3
55Xa si Marea Britanic. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 10 iunie 1926 a
fost semnat }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{tratatul de alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
dintre Romnia si }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Fran\uc1\u355Xa, }\b0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potrivit }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xruia, n cazul unui atac neprovocat, cele dou\uc1\
u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri se vor }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {consulta asupra m\uc1\u259Xsurilor ce trebuia lua
te n scopul }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u8222Xsalvgard\uc1\u259Xrii intereselor legitime na\uc1\u355Xionale si al
men\uc1\u355Xinerii }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ordinii stabilite prin tratatele de pace".}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cadrul aceleia
si politici, de ap\uc1\u259Xrare a p\uc1\u259Xcii si }\par\pard\li21
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statu-quo-ului teritorial,
se nscrie tratatul din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17 }\par\pard\li2160\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembire 1926, dintre }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Italia si Romnia, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin

care aceste state }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {se angajau s\uc1\u259X se ajute reciproc n c\uc1\u259Xzui unu
i atac }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neprovo
cat din partea unei ter\uc1\u355Xe p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi. Dar, semnarea de }\p
ar\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre Ita
lia a tratatului de alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu Ungaria din }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {5 aprilie 1927, }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {n care se punea deschis }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problema revizuir
ii grani\uc1\u355Xelor, precum si }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {spijinirea revizionismului horthyst de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mussolini }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au f\uc1\u259Xcut }
\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca tratatul
romno-italian s\uc1\u259X-si piard\uc1\u259X eficien\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {si apoi, n }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1934, chiar valabilitatea.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a militat pentru statornicirea unor rela\uc1\u
355Xii }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {bun\uc1\u259X vecin\uc1\u259Xtate }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {cu toate statele. Raporturile sale cu Iugoslavia, }\par\pard\li2160
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia si }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Polonia, concretizate si n tratatele }\par\pard\li2160\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xionate, au cunoscut o
larg\uc1\u259X dezvoltare. Rela\uc1\u355Xiile cu }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Bulgaria }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
-au reluat imediat dup\uc1\u259X ncheierea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratatulu
i de pace, }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiin
d impulsionate de vizita primului ministru bulgar Stamboliiski n
}\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia (ianuar
ie 1921). n octombrie 1920 au fost reluate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{rela\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {diplomatice si consulare cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ungaria,
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar politica revizionist\uc1\u259X }\par\
pard\li2160\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promovat\uc1\u259X
de guvernul de la Budapesta, intensa }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagand\uc1\u259X ostil\uc1\u259X Romniei
desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X de revizionistii }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maghiari pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional au
f\uc1\u259Xcut ca rela\uc1\u355Xiile dintre }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri s\uc1
\u259X se dezvolte lent si ntr-o atmosfer\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2160\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspiciune reciproc\uc1\u259X.}\par\
pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ceea ce prives
te raporturile }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {romno-sovietice, }\b0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {acestea }\par\pard\li2146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {fuseser\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rupte n ianuarie 191
8 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din ini\uc1\u355Xiativa p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xii
sovietice, n }\par\pard\li2146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {no
ta trimis\uc1\u259X cu acel }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prilej guvenului romn,
Consiliul Comisarilor }\par\pard\li2146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Poporului al Rusiei f\uc1\u259Xcea'}\par\pard\li8240\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {63}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cunoscut c\uc1\u259X a hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u259X declare seche
strat pentru }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
oligarhia romn\uc1\u259X depozitul de aur al Romniei p\uc1\u259Xstrat la }\pa
r\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moscova. Puterea
sovietic\uc1\u259X si asuma r\uc1\u259Xspunderea de a }\par\pard\li306
6\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xstra acest tezaur

pe care l va preda n m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inile poporului }\p
ar\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn.}\par\pard\li3
586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este de remarcat faptul
c\uc1\u259X Romnia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {n pofida }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
presiunilor f\uc1\u259Xcute de Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu s-a }\par\pard\li
3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al\uc1\u259Xturat interven
\uc1\u355Xiei militare mpotriva }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului sovi
etic. In }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920
-1924 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au ini\uc1\u355Xiat unele contacte
viznd normalizarea }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {rela\uc1\u355Xiilor ntre Romnia si Rusia (Uniunea) Sovietic\uc1\u259X. Astfel
, }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la nceputul
anului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920, ntre primul ministru romn, A
lexandai }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {VaidaVoevod, si comisarul poporului pentru afaceri externe, Gheorghi }\
par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V.Cicerin, }\fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut loc un schimb de radiograme, convenindu-se }\par\p
ard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra ini\uc1\u355X
ierii unor tratative directe ntre cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259Xri, }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ns
\uc1\u259X n-au mai avut loc. Taton\uc1\u259Xri similare s-au nregistrat }\par\pa
rd\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si n }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {1921, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a se ajunge
la rezultate concrete. In }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie 1924 }\par\pard\li
3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a organizat}\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { o conferin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X la Viena,
capitala }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Austr
iei, care a esuat ns\uc1\u259X datorit\uc1\u259X faptului c\uc1\u25
9X Uniunea }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {So
vietic\uc1\u259X a refuzat s\uc1\u259X recunoasc\uc1\u259X actul unirii Basarab
iei cu }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia.}\
par\pard\li3573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un moment imp
ortant n via\uc1\u355Xa interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X 1-a }\par\pard\l
i3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentat }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {Pactul de la Paris (Briand-Kellogg) }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {din 27 august 1928, }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {primul tratat inter}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional c
are a interzis recurgerea la r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru rezolvarea diferendelor interna\uc1\u3
55Xionale; statele }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {semnatare se angajau s\uc1\u259X rezolve problemele dintre e
le }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exclusiv pri
n mijloace pasnice. Guvernul romn a aderat la }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest pact, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {care a semnat }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {protocolul de la
Moscova, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 9 }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie 1929, prin care }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, Polonia, }\par\pard\l
i3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Estonia si Letonia se angaj
au s\uc1\u259X-1 pun\uc1\u259X imediat n vigoare n }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raporturile reciproce.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Instaurarea hitlerismului la putere n Ge
rmania, n ianuarie 1933, a }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {nsemnat oficializarea politicii de revans\uc1\u259X teritorial\uc1\u
259X si de }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revi
zuire a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratatelor de pace de la Versailles de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre una din Marile }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puteri europene. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale

x100 {Celelalte state revizioniste - n primul rnd Ungaria - }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau ncurajate n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea lor viznd sf\uc1\u259Xrmarea sistemului }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {de la }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Versailles.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
noile condi\uc1\u355Xii, Romnia a militat pentru crearea unui }\par\pard\li3053\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistem de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {securitate colectiv\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n E
uropa, cresterea }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {rolului Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, nt\uc1\u259Xri
rea alian\uc1\u355Xe}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lor existente si }\par\pa
rd\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crearea altora noi. Exp
onentul cel mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autorizat al acestei orient\uc1\u25
9Xri }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice
a fost Nicolae Titulescu, care a de\uc1\u355Xinut func\uc1\u355Xi
a de }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministru
de externe al Romniei n anii}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1932-1936.}\par\pard\
li3560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In februarie 1933 a fost s
emnat, la Geneva, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Pactul de reorganizare }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a Micii n\uc1\
u355Xelegeri }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259Xtre ministrii
de externe ai }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Romniei, Cehoslovaciei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Iugoslaviei, re
spectiv Nicolae }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Titulescu, Eduard Benes si Bogoliub 64}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn122
40\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li2186\ri0\s
0\charscalex100 {Jevtic, potrivit c\uc1\u259Xruia se crea un Consiliu Permanent,
asistat }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de un
C}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {onsiliu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Economic, fa
pt care a nt\uc1\u259Xrit aceast\uc1\u259X alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\l
i2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu caracter antirevizionist
.}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X
ample negocieri, s-a constituit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {n\uc1\u35
5Xelegerea }\b0 \par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Balcanic\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin Pactul semnat la Ate
na, n ziua de 9 februarie 1934, }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {de reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Greci
ei, Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {niei, Iugoslaviei si Turciei, }\par\p
ard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xelegerea }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschis\uc1\u259X adezi
unii oric\uc1\u259Xrui stat balcanic dornic }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de colaborare pe baza respect\uc1\u259Xrii
principiilor Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, a prevederilor tratatelor de
pace }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- a militat si pentru }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consolidarea securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u35
5Xii, prin elimin}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {area posibilelor prilejuri de }\pa
r\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezacord }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ntre statele din zon\uc1\u259X, pentru garantarea reciproc\uc1
\u259X a }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fronti
erelor balcanice.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{La 3 iulie 1933, Romnia a semnat, la Londra, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {Conven\uc1\u355Xia }\b0 \par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {de }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {definire a agresiunii
si a teritoriului, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la elaborarea c\uc1\u259Xre
ia a }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contribuit
din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plin si Nicolae Titulescu. Acest document cons
olida, din }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {punc

t de vedere }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {juridic interna\uc1\u355Xional, situa\u
c1\u355Xia Romniei, ntruct }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X prin teritoriu se n\uc1\u355Xelege terit
oriul asupra }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
c\uc1\u259Xruia un stat si exercit\uc1\u259X n fapt autoritatea. Ac
east\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
defini\uc1\u355Xie l determina pe Nicolae Titulescu s\uc1\u259X aprecieze c\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era o n
ou\uc1\u259X confirmare a apartenen\uc1\u355Xei Basarabiei la }\par\pa
rd\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, n virtutea acelui
asi principiu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c
onsolidare a }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se
curit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si a statu-quo-ului teritorial si a p\
uc1\u259Xcii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generale - }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a aderat la Pactul de neagresi}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {une si concilia\uc1\u355Xiune }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {semnat la }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Rio de Janeiro }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(10 octombrie 1933).}\par\pard\
li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Negocierile dintre Nicolae
Titulescu si Maksim Litvinov au dus la }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilirea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {rela\uc1\u35
5Xiilor diplomatice ntre Romnia si }\b0 \par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {URSS, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de
9 iunie 1934. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu acest prilej, cei doi ministri de
}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe au
avut un schimb de scrisori, care cuprindeau }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajamente solemne viznd garan\uc
1\u355Xia reciproc\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {respect\uc1\u259Xrii suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u
355Xionale si independen\uc1\u355Xei politice, }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neamestecul n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {treb
urile interne, anagajamentul de a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu per
mite }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existenta
si activitatea pe teritoriul propriu a unor }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xii ce-si propuneau
lupta armat\uc1\u259X mpotriva }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celuilalt }\par\pard
\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat. Militnd pentru
realizarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii cole
ctive }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a statelor }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {europene, Nicolae Titulescu a cont
ribuit la realizarea pactelor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\
li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
X mutual\uc1\u259X ntre Fran\uc1\u355Xa, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Cehoslovacia. }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Urm\uc1\u259Xtorul pas trebuia s\uc1\u259X fie
pactul de asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre Romnia si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {URSS, pentru ncheierea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xruia
Nicolae }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titul
escu primise mandat din partea guvernului romn n }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anul 1935. Au urmat negocieri ntre Nicolae Titule
scu si Maksim Litvinov, }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {s-a perfectat un protocol la 21 iulie 1936.}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceste tratative aveau loc pe fon
dul deterior\uc1\u259Xrii tot }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mai accentuate a situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u355Xionale.
Ac\uc1\u355Xiunile agresive }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ale statelor revizioniste si politica }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
conciliatorist}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X a guvernelor }\par\pard\li
2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xei si Marii Br

itanii au avut consecin\uc1\u355Xe negative pentru }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pacea mondial\uc1\u259X. Atacul Italiei asup
ra Etiopiei n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1935 si}\par\pard\li8160\ri0\sl-240\sl
rscalex100 {ocuparea zonei Rhnane }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259Xtr
e Germania n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1936 au dus la }\par\pard\li3013\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esuarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{politicii de securitate colectiv\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deasupra Europei se adunau nori negri, care preves
teau declansarea }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{unei noi conflagra\uc1\u355Xii mondiale.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {b) Nicolae Titulescu -}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {activitatea diplomatic\uc1\u259X}\b0 \par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De-a lungul timpului, romnii au avut mari diploma\u
c1\u355Xi, }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre
care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {David }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corbea Ce
ausul, Nicolae Milescu Sp\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tarul, }\par\par
d\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Ghica, Mihail }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kog\uc1\u259Xlniceanu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Take
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lonescu, Grigore Gafencu, }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai Antonescu, Corneliu M\uc1\u2
59Xnescu, Stefan Andrei. Din }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {rndul acestora se detaseaz\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin preg\uc1\u259Xtirea intelectual\uc1\u2
59X }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si prestigi
ul interna\uc1\u355Xional }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Nicolae Titulescu, pers
onalitate care si-a }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {pus amprenta asupra politicii externe a Romniei din perioada
}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelic\uc1
\u259X.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Absolven
t al Facult\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de Drept din Paris, cunoscut\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin cali
tatea si exigen\uc1\u355Xa dasc\uc1\u259Xlilor s\uc1\u259Xi, Nicolae Titulescu a
}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dobndit cunosti
n\uc1\u355Xe solide, pe care le-a transmis, pentru }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un timp, si studen\uc1\u355Xilor romni, n cali
tatea sa de profesor la }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Universitatea din lasi si la cea din Bucuresti. Apoi,
pe }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259X
sur\uc1\u259X ce via\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {mai ales dinamica vie\uc1\u355Xii interna\uc1\u355Xionale }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {impunea abord\uc1\u259Xri noi, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae
Titulescu a devenit el nsusi un }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {creator n domeniu, impunndu-se }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {att prin contribu\uc1\u355Xiile teoretice, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct si prin activitatea sa practic\uc1\u259X.}\par
\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin inteligen\uc1
\u355Xa si puterea sa de munc\uc1\u259X, prin }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perseveren\uc1\u355Xa cu care si
promova ideile si ac\uc1\u355Xiunile, prin }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile sale de
orator, care-1 ajutau s\uc1\u259X-si conving\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li301
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {auditoriul, Nicolae Titules
cu s-a impus rapid n via\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic\uc1\u259X a Romniei. Debutul dateaz\uc1\u25
9X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1913, cnd a rostit un }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\s

l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impresionant discurs }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {de la tribuna Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor. A doua }\par\p
ard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zi, }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Take lonescu, marele om politic si orator, scria n z
iarul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {La }\i0 \par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Roumanie: }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1
\u8222XUn mare, un extraordinar talent s-a ridicat la tribuna }\p
ar\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romneasca, si acest
talent este al nostru. Nu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numai c\uc1\u259X Titule
scu a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u25
9Xcut ieri nceputul cel mai str\uc1\u259Xlucitor n istoria elocin\uc1\u355Xei }\p
ar\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare a
Romniei, dar acest nceput 1-a clasat }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deopotriv\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{gnditor si orator".}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Nicolae Titulescu s-a afirmat n via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X ntr-o }\par\
pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X co
mplex\uc1\u259X din istoria romnilor, cnd n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prim-plan
}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se afla des\uc
1\u259Xvrsirea unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xionale. Izbucnirea primulu
i }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzb
oi mondial, n iulie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1914, punea }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {n fa\uc1\u355Xa clasei politice din }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia problema de a opta ntre cele dou\uc1\u259X
tabere aflate n }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
conflict: Antanta si Puterile Centrale. Op\uc1\u355Xiunea era }\par\
pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dificil\uc1\u259X, d
eoarece Rusia (care f\uc1\u259Xcea parte din Antanta) }\par\pard\li3
013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anexa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {se Basarabia, iar }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Austro-Ungaria (o f
or\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de baz\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puterilor Centrale) st\uc1\u259Xpnea Transilvani
a}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {66}\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\ma
rgbsxn666\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-213\sl
\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Bucovina. Nicolae Titulescu
a participat la marile }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {manifesta\uc1\u355Xii din anii }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
14-1916, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cernd intrarea Romniei n }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi al\uc1\u259Xturi
de Antanta, pen}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {eliberarea fra\uc1\u355Xilor din }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvania si Bucovina. A rostit cuvinte
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {memorabile, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum cele din 1915: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u8222XArdealul nu e numai inima Romniei }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice; privi\uc1\u355Xi harta: Ardeal
ul e inima Romniei geografice. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Ardealul e leag\uc1\u259Xnul care i-a ocrotit copil\uc1\u259Xria,
e scoala care i-}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a f\uc1\u259Xcut neamul, e farmecul care i-a sus\uc1\u355Xinut via\uc1\u355Xa.
"}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vestea intr\uc
1\u259Xrii Romniei n r\uc1\u259Xzboi, n august }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1916,
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i-a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {umplut inima de bucurie. Dar, foarte curnd, bucuria s-a }\par\
pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transformat n am\u
c1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xciune, ca urmare a nfrngerilor }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suferite de armata romn\uc1\u259X si a oc
up\uc1\u259Xrii Olteniei, Munteniei }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 {si Dobrogei de c\uc1\u259Xtre trupele Puterilor Centra
le. Au urmat }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
marile }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {victorii din vara anului 1917, }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {de la M\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsti, M\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsesti
si }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oituz; apoi
din nou, o perioad\uc1\u259X grea, determinat\uc1\u259X de iesirea }\par\pard\li
1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rusiei din r\uc1\u259Xzboi, n
noiembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1917. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup
\uc1\u259X ncheierea p\uc1\u259Xcii }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Buftea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Bucuresti (mai 1
918), Nicolae Titulescu a plecat la Paris, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde 1-a sprijinit pe Take lonescu n ntemeierea }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului Na\uc1\u355Xional }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn si propagarea intereselor Romniei n rn
dul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opiniei }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publice europene.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anul 1918, nceput sub negre auspicii, a devenit unul
dintre cei mai }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{luminosi din istoria romnilor. Pr\uc1\u259Xbusirea celor dou\uc1\u259X mari }\pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imperii multina\uc
1\u355Xionale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- rus si habsburgic - }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a facilitat }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {nf\uc1\u259Xptuirea integral\uc1\u259X a aspira\uc1\u355Xiil
or na\uc1\u355Xionale ale romnilor. }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {martie, Sfatul \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xrii, ntrunit la Chisi
n\uc1\u259Xu, a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {decis Unirea Basarabiei cu Romnia; la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
28 noiem}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {brie, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congresul general al Bucovinei, convocat
la Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi, a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {votat unirea acesteia cu patria mam\uc1\u259X, iar la l d
ecembrie, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea
Adunare Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X de la Alba lulia a hot\uc1\u259Xrt unirea }\
par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvaniei c
u Romnia. S-a f\uc1\u259Xurit astfel statul na\uc1\u355Xional }\par\pa
rd\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unitar, prin voin\u
c1\u355Xa liber exprimat\uc1\u259X a romnilor din }\par\pard\li1840\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriile respective, dar si prin
sacrificiul militar f\uc1\u259Xcut de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vechiul Regat.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noile grani\uc1\u355Xe urmau s\uc1\u259X fie co
nfirmate prin tratate }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conferin
\uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\u259Xcii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Paris.
Nicolae }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titul
escu a f\uc1\u259Xcut parte din delega\uc1\u355Xia Romniei la aceast\uc1\u259X }\
par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conferin\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X, a negociat tratatul de pace cu Ungaria, pe care }\par\pard\li1840\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1-a semnat n ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {4 iunie 1920 n palatul Trianon. Si-a legat }\par\pard\li1840\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel numele de unul dintre cele
mai importante acte din istoria Romniei.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 1920, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae
Titulescu a condus delega\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de la }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Spa, }\b0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde s-au stabilit }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {repara\uc1\u355Xiile de r\uc1\u259Xzboi datora
te de Germania si alia\uc1\u355Xii ei; cu }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0

\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toate eforturile depuse, el nu a putut ob\uc1\u355Xi
ne pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai mult de 1% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din
repara\uc1\u355Xiile germane si de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10,5% din cele
}\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orientale (dat
orate de Austria, Ungaria si Bulgaria).}\par\pard\li7866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {67}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn653\pard\li3600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3600\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
politica extern\uc1\u259X a Romniei a fost orientat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3080\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spre Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Marea
Britanic, spre afirmarea si }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consolidarea Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355X
iunilor, ca o chez\uc1\u259Xsie a }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinerii p\uc1\u259Xcii si }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {statu-quo-u\\ui }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritorial, s
tabilit prin tratatele de }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {pace. Nicolae Titulescu a fost unul dintre artizanii acestei politic
i, n 1922 }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost
numit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ministrul Romniei la Londra }\b0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {si reprezentantul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li3080\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noastre la Societatea Na\uc1\u355Xi
unilor. A stabilit rela\uc1\u355Xii extrem de }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {utile n lumea diplomatic\uc1\u259X, a pu
tut cunoaste psihologia }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {marilor puteri, precum si a celor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mic
i, a depistat, de la nceput, }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {contr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adic\uc1\u355Xiile franco-engleze
si impactul lor asupra evolu\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vie\uc1\u355Xii interna\uc1\u355Xionale.}\par\pard\
li3586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, n 1922, }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu a devenit o personalitate }\par\pard\li3
053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentativ\uc1\u259X a dip
loma\uc1\u355Xiei romnesti si europene; timp }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de un deceniu si jum\uc1\u259Xtate va avea un cuvnt
greu de spus }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe
arena interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Prin capacitatea si puterea sa de }\pa
r\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {influen\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259X, el a determinat politica \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, impunndusi }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adesea pun
ctele de vedere chiar n fa\uc1\u355Xa titularului }\par\pard\li3053\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministerului de Externe. Un
ziar care ap\uc1\u259Xrea la Geneva }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scria la nceputul}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { anilo
r '30: \uc1\u8222XTitulescu nu este un simplu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diplo
mat. }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El este de
mai mul\uc1\u355Xi ani seful }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {in partibus }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al diploma\uc1\u355Xiei \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii }\pa
r\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale. }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Nimic uimitor n aceasta, deoarece domnul Titulescu
cunoaste }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreag
a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europ\uc1\u259X si a fost amestecat n toate negoci
erile mari }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
dup\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xz}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {boi, a fost }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consultat cu regularitate de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\pa
r\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtor
ii s\uc1\u259Xi. De la Bucuresti la resedin\uc1\u355Xa domnului }\p
ar\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu, telefon

ul func\uc1\u355Xioneaz\uc1\u259X ziua si noaptea".}\par\pard\li3573\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-adev\uc1\u259Xr, n calitate de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {reprezentant al Romniei la }\b0 \par\pard\li3053
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Societatea }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a particip
at la toate sesiunile Adun\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Generale si la elaborarea rezolu\uc1\u355Xiilor
acesteia. S-a }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {considerat \uc1\u8222Xun soldat al \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii mele n transeele p\
uc1\u259Xcii" si de }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {aceea a sus\uc1\u355Xinut cu ndrjire interesele Romniei. A facut-o }\par\pard\
li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu convingere, dar si
cu elegan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. Pent}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ru el,
argumentele }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
rimau - istorice, geografice, morale etc. - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si de a
ceea, discursurile }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {sale erau urm\uc1\u259Xrite cu un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deos
ebit interes, iar efectul lor era }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impresionant.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cunostea la perfec\uc1\u355Xie patru limbi
de circula\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-france
za, engleza, germana, italiana - si se adresa }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preopinentului \uc1\u8222Xpre limba lui
", efectul asupra adversarului fiind adesea }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devastator. Un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cola
borator al s\uc1\u259Xu, Alexandru Duiliu }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Zamfirescu, scria: \uc1\u8222XJovialitatea sa
natural\uc1\u259X putea la nevoie }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X loc mniei, real\uc1\u259X
sau simulat\uc1\u259X, cu un sirag de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {argumente rostogolite, de acuz\uc1\u259Xri vije
lioase ca apele mari, }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {nct ns\uc1\u259Xsi oratori ncerca\uc1\u355Xi ai' forurilor interna\uc1\u355X
ionale de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai tr
ziu se scuturau nfundndu-si capul n umeri de }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parc\uc1\u259X i lovea grindina." A
ceast\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extraor}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dinar\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xfor\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li3040\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {izbire" nu era doar expresia talent
ului oratoric, ci si al unei }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {capacit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de argumentare dus\uc1\u259X
pn\uc1\u259X la ultimele }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {resorturi. Sub }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {68}\par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aparen\uc1\u355Xa unor interven\uc1\u355Xii s
pontane, impuse de o anumit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xie concreta, se afla o temeinic\
uc1\u259X documentare, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X pe parcursul multor zile, s\uc1
\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmni si chiar }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {luni. De aceea, Titulescu nu a fost prins niciodat\uc1\u259X p
e }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xpicior }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gresit".}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cunoscndu-si foarte bine adversarii, preg\uc1\
u259Xtindu-se }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
in timp pentru ripost\uc1\u259X, Titulescu astepta momentul potrivit }\par\pard\
li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a interveni. El nsus

i m\uc1\u259Xrturisea c\uc1\u259X datoria sa era }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xs\uc1\u259X aduc aici fapte precise
si documentate si s\uc1\u259X nu m\uc1\u259X las }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ispitit, oricare ar fi rolul ingrat c
are astfel mi revine, de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {formule nfl\uc1\u259Xc\uc1\u259Xrate, care pot s\uc1\u259X
emo\uc1\u355Xioneze, dar care }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {niciodat\uc1\u259X nu lumineaz\uc1\u259X."}\par\pard\li2400
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au devenit celebre duelurile lui
cu contele Appony, ministrul de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {externe al Ungariei, care nu o dat\uc1\u259X a r\uc1\u259Xmas
f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X replic\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Confruntarea politic\uc1\u259X a fost extrem de dur\u
c1\u259X, dar niciodat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu nu 1-a considerat pe Appony un dusman personal }\par
\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al s\uc1\u259Xu.
Spre surprinderea multora, dup\uc1\u259X un schimb de }\par\pard\li1
880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {replici extrem de dure rostit
e n sala de sedin\uc1\u355Xe a forului de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Geneva, cei doi mari diploma\uc1\u355Xi
se retr\uc1\u259Xgeau la bufet }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde-si serveau, la aceeasi mas\uc1\u259X, cafeaua.}\par\p
ard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu aprecia c\
uc1\u259X Societatea Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor ave}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a u
n rol }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decisiv
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinerea p\uc1\u259Xcii si rezolva
rea prin negocieri a }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {tuturor problemelor litigioase, mpreun\uc1\u259X cu al\uc1\u355Xi dip
loma\uc1\u355Xi, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{care f\uc1\u259Xceau parte din aceeasi loj\uc1\u259X masonic\uc1\u259X, Titule
scu s-a }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {implica
t profund n via\uc1\u355Xa acestei organiza\uc1\u355Xii, }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ajungnd una }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {dintre pe}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rsonalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xil
e de frunte ale diploma\uc1\u355Xiei europene si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chiar mondiale. De aceea, nu a fost surprinz\u
c1\u259Xtor faptul c\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {n septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930, }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {si-a pus candidatura la func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\par
d\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {presedinte al Adun
\uc1\u259Xrii Generale a Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \par\pard\li1866
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor. }\b0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Succesul a fost deplin. A ntrunit 46 de voturi din cele 5
0 }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exprimate, de
si i erau suficiente 26 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(jum\uc1\u259Xtate plus unul
). Rezultatul }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
xprima - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X cum aprecia reprezentan
tul Venezuelei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xm\uc1\u259Xrturia simpatiei pe care
persoana sa a g\uc1\u259Xsit-o printre }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noi. Este totodat\uc1\u259X un omagiu }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {adus nalt}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elor sale calit\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {personale si sentimentelor cu care a colaborat at\uc1\u355Xia ani la }\par\
pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {munca Societ\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xilor Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor". A fost reales pentru a doua }\par\pard\li1
866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oar\uc1\u259X, n octombrie 1}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {931, cu unanimitatea voturilor. Un ziar englez }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scria cu }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {acel prilej c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xalegerea lui Titulescu ca p

resedinte al }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ad
un\uc1\u259Xrii doi ani succesivi este f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X precedent si mpotr
iva }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tradi\uc1\u
355Xiei Ligii. Este un tribut de cinste personal\uc1\u259X care-1
}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aduce pentru m
odul remarcabil n care a condus si a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {controlat }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea de anul tre
cut."}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evident,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile excep\uc1\u355Xionale
ale lui Titulescu au avut }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {un rol extrem de important n alegerea sa n cea mai nalt\uc1\u259X }\par\
pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demnitate existent\uc
1\u259X atunci pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional. Dar, n }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acelasi timp, era si expresia noului stat
ut}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3093
ard\li3093\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {geopolitic dobndit de R
om}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {191
8,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd a devenit o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X }\par\pa
rd\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de m\uc1\u259Xrime medi
e pe plan european si cu o politic\uc1\u259X extern\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3093\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activ\uc1\u259X si constructiv\uc
1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Abandonn
d, nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921, activitatea n cadrul unui
partid }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N. Titulescu a cultivat rela\uc1\u355Xii
amicale att cu }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {guvernan\uc1\u355Xii, ct si cu opozi\uc1\u355Xia. Cnd venea n \uc1\u355Xar\uc
1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fcea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vizite }\p
ar\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuturor liderilor
politici, cu cei mai mul\uc1\u355Xi discutnd la \uc1\u8222Xper tu" }\par\pard\li3
066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si \uc1\u8222Xm\uc1\u259Xi"
, fapt ce crea o not\uc1\u259X de intimitate si prietenie. }\p
ar\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Devenise o }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {personalitate emblematic\uc1\u259X; }\b0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {astfel, n }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {momente critice pentru via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X,
numele s\uc1\u259Xu era }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {evocat ca al unui \uc1\u8222Xsalvator". Potrivit unor informa\uc1
\u355Xii, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1927, }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X moartea regelui }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Ferdinand, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd tronul a revenit unui }\
par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {copil de sase ani
, tutelat de o Regen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, Ion I. C. Brtianu, }\par\pard\li3066\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Partidului National-Liberal si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Cons
iliului de }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mi
nistri, se gndea la proclamarea Republicii si alegerea lui }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Titulescu n func\uc1\u355Xia d
e presedinte, n timpul crizelor }\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {guvernamentale din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1928 si 193
1, Nicolae }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu a fost }\par\pard\li3066
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solicitat s\uc1\u259X prezideze
un guvern de \uc1\u8222Xuniune na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X". Nu a }\par\pard\li3
066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupat asemenea demnit\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, prefernd s\uc1\u259X se consacre }\par\pard\li3066\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politicii externe, unde }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea deplin\uc1\u259X libertate
de miscare.}\par\pard\li3573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nico

lae Titulescu era deplin constient de valoarea sa }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si pretindea s\uc1\u259X fie consultat n toate
problemele de politic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {extern\uc1\u259X. Atunci c}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nd a fos
t }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocolit, nu a ezitat s\uc1\u259X provoace o }\par\
pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criz\uc1\u259X guve
rnamental\uc1\u259X. Astfel, n octombrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1932
, Alexandru }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Va
ida-Voevod, presedintele Consiliului de Ministri, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ini\uc1\u355Xiat tratative }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {cu guvernul sovietic, iar\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X-1 fi anun\uc1\u355
Xat pe Titulescu. ndat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ce a aflat, acest}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a si-a prezentat
demisia din func\uc1\u355Xiile publice }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe care le de\uc1\u355Xinea. Deoarece conflictu
l era puternic }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {mediatizat n presa intern\uc1\u259X si interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, Vai
da a fost }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nevoi
t s\uc1\u259X prezinte demisia guvernului pe care-1 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{prezida, n }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
oul guvern, condus de luliu Maniu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xia
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ministru de externe }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {al }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romni
ei era ocupat\uc1\u259X de Nicolae Titulescu, pe care acesta }\par\pard\li3053\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o va de\uc1\u355Xine pn\uc1\u259X n
august }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1936.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Titulescu s-a dovedit un ministru extrem de ex
igent. El }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afirm
a c\uc1\u259X ministerul pe care-1 conducea \uc1\u8222X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {nu era un salon, ci }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {un stup de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {albine harnice", n ac
est spirit, a desfiin\uc1\u355Xat }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistemul naint\uc1\u259Xrilor automate si a introdus c
oncursul ca }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ba
z\uc1\u259X a oric\uc1\u259Xrei promov\uc1\u259Xri; prezida el nsusi comisiile d
e }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concurs, pu
nnd accentul pe preg\uc1\u259Xtirea profesional\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li3
053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inteligen}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u355Xa si aptitudinile candidatului. A stabilit si un mod de }\par
\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comportare a dipl
omatului romn, cu prevederi foarte }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {riguroase, de la obliga\uc1\u355Xiunile zilnice pn\uc1
\u259X la persoanele cu }\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {care se putea c\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xtori.}\par\pard\li3560\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca ministru de externe al Romniei, Nicolae Tit
ulescu si-a petrecut }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {cea mai mare a timpului n str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate, fiin
d ntr-un }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conta
ct permanent cu}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {70}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\p
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lideri politici europeni, cunoscnd \uc1\u8222Xla fa\uc1\
u355Xa locului" st\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de spirit, depistnd la vreme orice miscare diplomatic\uc1\u259
X si }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putnd int
erveni la timp si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eficient}\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {. A desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdiploma\uc1\u355Xie preventiv\uc1\u259X",
evitnd astfel ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs

22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pus\uc1\u259X n fa\uc1\u355Xa \uc1\u8222Xfaptului mplinit
".}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n concep\uc1
\u355Xia sa, \uc1\u8222Xorice politic\uc1\u259X extern\uc1\u259X serio
as\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ntemeiaz\uc1\u259X pe bune }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {raporturi cu statele
vecine". }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In acest sens }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ac\uc1\u355Xionat pentru dezvo
ltarea unor rela\uc1\u355Xii strnse cu }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia, Cehoslovacia si Polonia, pentru norma
lizarea }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raportu
rilor cu Ungaria, Bulgaria si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X. A }\par\pard\li1866\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adus o contribu\uc1\u355Xie e
sen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X la consolidarea Micii }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xelegeri, la ntemeierea si
afirmarea n\uc1\u355Xelegerii }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Balcanice. A a}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vut un rol
decisiv n stabilirea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355Xiilor }\pa
r\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diplomatice ntre Romn
ia si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1934. A }\par\
pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vizitat }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Budapesta si Sofia, c\uc1\u259Xutnd s\uc1\u259X netezeasc\uc1\u25
9X asperit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {dintre \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {vecinul din Vest si cel din Sud.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alian\uc1\u355Xa cu Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {era pentru Nicol}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ae Titulescu un fa
ctor }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esen\uc1\u
355Xial n lupta pentru men\uc1\u355Xinerea \uc1\u8222Xsistemului }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Versailles". }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X op
inie era mp\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u259Xsit\uc1\u259X de aproape }\par\pard\li182
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga clas\uc1\u259X politic\u
c1\u259X romneasc\uc1\u259X si avea o ndelungat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tradi\uc1\u355Xie, ntemeiat\uc1\u259X p
e afinit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de origine, limb\uc1\u259X, cultur\uc1\u259X. }\
par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De aceea, Titu
lescu declara f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X ezitare: \uc1\u8222XNu cunosc }\p
ar\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prietenie mai d
ezinteresat\uc1\u259X ca aceea ce st\uc1\u259X la baza }\par\pard\li
1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raporturilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {franco-romane". Dar el nu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u35
5Xelegea ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {se afle la remorca Fran\uc1\u355Xei. Atunci cnd cons
tata unele }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aba
teri ale diploma\uc1\u355Xiei franceze de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la liter
a si spiritul tratatelor }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pace, Titulescu nu ezita s\uc1\u259X i
ntervin\uc1\u259X energic, atr\uc1\u259Xgnd }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aten\uc1\u355Xia asupra faptului c\uc1\u259X
Romnia nu putea accepta }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {asemenea \uc1\u8222Xderapaje". El stia c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xpac
ea este indivizibil\uc1\u259X" }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {si c\uc1\u259X orice concesie f\uc1\u259Xcut\uc1\u259X ntr-o anum
it\uc1\u259X zon\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {avea }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {consecin\uc1\u355Xe imprevizibile asupra ntregului continent. }\par\pa
rd\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Semnificativ\uc1\u259X
este reac\uc1\u355Xia sa fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de propunerea }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {lui Mussolini, }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {din februarie 1933, privind ncheierea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i

{pactului celor patru", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care }\par\pard\
li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Italia, Germania, Fran
\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic se angajau s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li18
26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaboreze pentru reglemen
tarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuturor chestiunilor europene, }\par\par
d\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv n privin\uc1
\u355Xa unor eventuale revizuiri teritoriale. }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reac\uc1\u355Xia lui Nicolae Titulescu }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- mputernicit de toate statele Micii }\par\pard\
li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xelegeri }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost extrem de vehement\uc
1\u259X. El nu a ezitat s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {declare: \uc1\u8222XDac\uc1\u259X Fran\uc1\u355Xa ren
un\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X la sfnta sa misiune de }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protectoare a micilor puteri ne vom lips
i de ea! Nu suntem }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ntr-att de p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsi\uc1\u355Xi de zei nct s\uc1\u259
X nu mai putem g\uc1\u259Xsi }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prietenii mai loiale si mai curajoase. Si chiar d
e-ar fi s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {r\uc1\u259Xmnem singuri, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu ne vom nchin}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a n fa\uc1\u355Xa deciziei clubului }\par\pard\li1826\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xcii al vostru. Iar eu, eu
am misiunea s\uc1\u259X v\uc1\u259X previn n mod }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {caritabil c\uc1\u259X revizuirea tratatelor va
aduce}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u25
9Xzboiu, urmat de bolsevizarea Europei".}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1224
0\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3786\ri0\sl
786\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3786\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Titulescu devenise exponentul tuturor for\uc1\u355Xelor
}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pacifiste si an
tirevizioniste din Europa. Constient de acest }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rol, el intra f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a cere audi
en\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X n biroul ministrului de }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe al Marii Britanii ori n cel al ministrului
Fran\uc1\u355Xei, nu }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ezita s\uc1\u259X ridice tonul atunci cnd reprezentan\uc1\u355
Xii acestor }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ma
ri democra\uc1\u355Xii nu \uc1\u355Xineau s}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eama de
interesele statelor mici si erau }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {gata s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X tranzac\uc1\u355Xii oneroase pe
seama lor, c\uc1\u259Xlcnd n }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {picioare tratatele si conven\uc1\u355Xiile interna\uc1\u355X
ionale. Apusese }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {demult vremea cnd un Ion C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, nso\uc1\u355Xit de Mihail }\par\
pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kog\uc1\u259Xlniceanu
, erau admisi la un Congres }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {terna\uc1\u355Xional }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {cel }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de la Berlin din 1878 - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a fi \uc1\u822
2Xauzi\uc1\u355Xi, dar nu asculta\uc1\u355Xi". }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acum, glasul lui Nicolae Titulescu era si \uc1\
u8222Xauzit si ascultat". }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Primul ministru Edouard }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Daladier a fos
t nevoit s\uc1\u259X declare la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 }\par\pard\li326
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie 1933 }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X Fran\uc1\u355Xa \uc1\u8222Xr\uc1\u259Xmne fidel\uc
1\u259X principiului egalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, egalitate care

implic\uc1\u259X asocierea la toate }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negocierile statelor interesate". Recunoscnd c
alit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile si }\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {rolul european al lui Nicolae Titulescu, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Edouard Herriot }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li3266\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprecieze: \uc1\u8222XAce
st ministru al unei \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri mici face o politic\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n stil mare. Ce om uimi
tor!"}\par\pard\li3786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Instalarea
lui Hitler la putere n Germania n ianuarie 1933 si }\par\pard\li3253\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea revizionismului ca princi
pal\uc1\u259X orientare politic\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unuia dintre cele mai mari state europene, a ridica
t n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sus\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259Xtorilor \uc1\u8222X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {siste
mului de la Versailles" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problema g\uc1\u259Xsirii c
\uc1\u259Xilor }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
si mijloacelor de men\uc1\u355Xinere a p\uc1\u259Xcii. Din aceast\uc1\u259X pers
pectiv\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a ap\uc1\u259Xrut ideea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\
u355Xii colective }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al c\uc1\u259Xrei sus\uc1\u
355Xin\uc1\u259Xtor }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nfl\uc1\u259Xc\uc1\u259Xrat a fost Nicolae Titulescu.}\par\pard\li3773\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe aceast\uc1\u259X linie s-a n
scris }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Conven\uc1\u355X}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {ia pentru definirea }\i0 \par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {agresorului si a agresiunii, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {semnat\uc1\u259X la Londra n iulie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {1933. }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicol
ae Titulescu a st\uc1\u259Xruit si a ob\uc1\u355Xinut o defini\uc
1\u355Xie de }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
teritoriu: \uc1\u8222XPrin teritoriu trebuie s\uc1\u259X se n\uc1\u35
5Xeleag\uc1\u259X teritoriul }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {asupra c\uc1\u259Xruia un stat si exercit\uc1\u259X de
fapt autoritatea". }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Ministrul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe romn aprecia c\uc1\u25
9X astfel se f\uc1\u259Xcuse un pas }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {important spre recunoasterea de c\uc1\u259Xtre Uniunea Sovi
etic\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{apartenen\uc1\u355Xei Basarabiei la Romnia.}\par\pard\li3760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu s-a ridicat cu hot\uc1\u259Xrre mpotriva po
liticii de }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revi
zuire a grani\uc1\u355Xelor, atr\uc1\u259Xgnd aten\uc1\u355Xia asupra faptului c\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc
1\u8222Xrevizuirea nseamn\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xzboi". }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Evident, el avea n }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {vedere, nainte de toate, situa\uc1\u355Xia Romniei, ntr-un disc
urs }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rostit n
Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 aprilie
1934, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu afirma: \uc1\u8222XIzvort\uc1\u259X
din poruncile unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii noastre }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale, politica noastr
\uc1\u259X extern\uc1\u259X are ca scop principal }\par\pard\li3253\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xstrarea ei, iar ca
metod\uc1\u259X constant\uc1\u259X de lucru, }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coordonarea progresiv\uc1\u259X a ac
\uc1\u355Xiunii noastre cu cea a }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statelor cu interes comun, pn\uc1\u259X la integrarea
ei n grupuri }\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {int

erna\uc1\u355Xionale, din ce n ce mai mari. De la na\uc1\u355Xional prin }\
par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regional la unive
rsal, iat\uc1\u259X lozinca Romniei peste grani\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {72}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[...]
Revizuirea nu este pentru Romnia numai amputarea mosiei }\par\pard
\li2040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xmosesti. Rev
izuirea este amputarea atribu\uc1\u355Xiilor istorice }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale neamului }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {nostru, tocmai n clipa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care el si
-a des\uc1\u259Xvrsit }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {unitatea". Un an si jum\uc1\u259Xtate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {mai trziu, la 3 decembrie 1935, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {replicnd lui Gabriel Bthlen, liderul }\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Maghiar din }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, care n fapt sus\uc1\u355Xinea politica reviz
ionist\uc1\u259X a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului }\par\pard\li2040\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Budapesta, Nicolae Titulescu d
ecla}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ra: \uc1\u8222XMinorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile n
u au avut }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
nu vor avea un ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xtor mai cald n drepturile
lor de }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egali
tate dect }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mine [...] }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Dac\uc1\u259X ns\uc1\u259X este vorba ca prin }\par\pard\li2040\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi s\u
c1\u259X ajungem la revizuire, v\uc1\u259X repet\uc1\u259Xm: Nu, }\pa
r\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {niciodat\uc1\u259X,
nici revizuire, nici exagera\uc1\u355Xii n virtutea unui }\par\par
d\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratat [cel al minorit\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920], }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {care nu a avut niciodat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sensul pe care preten\uc1\u355Xiile dumne
avoastr\uc1\u259X de na\uc1\u355Xiune }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dominatoare 1-a dat n trecut si l d\uc1\u259X si ast\uc
1\u259Xzi".}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pent
ru concretizarea politicii de securitate colectiv\uc1\u259X, }\par\par
d\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu a ac\uc1\u3
55Xionat n scopul ncheierii unor tratate de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\
u259X ntre un num\uc1\u259Xr ct mai mare de state, }\par\pard\li202
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care s\uc1\u259X constituie
o plas\uc1\u259X urias\uc1\u259X asezat\uc1\u259X peste \uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
evizioniste, astfel nct ele s\uc1\u259X nu se poat\uc1\u259X ridica mpotriva }\par\
pard\li2026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {statu-c/uo-ului }\i
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritorial, n acest spirit, m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {inistrul de externe romn a }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinut semnarea n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
mai 1935 a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pactelor de asisten\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
mutual\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Uniunea
Sovietic\uc1\u259X, precum si ntre }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X. Conform
principiului }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
otrivit c\uc1\u259Xruia \uc1\u8222Xprietenii prietenilor nostri sunt prieteni}\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i nostri", }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Titulescu avea n vedere ncheierea unui
pact de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asis

ten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X ntre Romnia si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X
.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cea de-a doua
parte a anului 1935 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si n prima jum\uc1\u259Xtate a
lui }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1936, }\
b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pe arena interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X
au survenit muta\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {importante, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n octombrie
1935, Italia a atacat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Abisinia, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {iar Consiliul }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor a cerut
aplicarea unor sanc\uc1\u355Xiuni }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice mpotriva agresorului. Cu acest prilej s-a putut
}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {observa c\uc
1\u259X, n fapt, forul cu sediul la Geneva nu putea }\par\pard\
li2013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigura independen\uc1\u35
5Xa statelo}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r membre. Mai mult, atunci cnd a luat }\p
ar\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuvntul de la
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tribuna Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u35
5Xiunilor, mp\uc1\u259Xratul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hail }\par\pard\li201
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Slasie a fost huiduit de
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziaristii italieni afla\uc1\u355Xi n tribun
a }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezervat\uc1\
u259X publicului, iar singurul diplomat care a intervenit, }\par\pard\li2013\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a cere restabilirea li}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nistii, a fost Nicolae Titulescu. In mai }\par\pard\li2013
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1936, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Abisinia a fost anexat\uc1\u259X de Italia, act acceptat de
}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Societatea Na\u
c1\u355Xiunilor.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{La 7 martie 1936, Germania a ocupat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {zona demil
itarizat\uc1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {a }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Rhenaniei, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259Xlcnd astfel tratatul de pace }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de la Versailles si }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {acordurile de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Locamo. Nicolae T
itulescu a reac\uc1\u355Xionat }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {prompt: \uc1\u8222XDac\uc1\u259X repudierea unilateral\uc1\
u259X a tratatelor de pace }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ar putea fi acceptat\uc1\u259X f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X consecin\uc1\u
355Xe, aceasta}\par\pard\li8040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7
rd\li3040\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ar fi sfrsitul securit\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii colective si al Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiu
nilor. }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Am int
ra}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ntr-o }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lume din
care ne credeam iesi\uc1\u355Xi pentru }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totdeauna si care ar fi guvernat\uc1\u259X nu
de for\uc1\u355Xa dreptului, ci }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de dreptul for\uc1\u355Xei". Previziunea sumbr\uc1\u259
X a lui Nicolae }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Titulescu s-a dovedit, din p\uc1\u259Xcate, exact\uc1\u259X. Marea Britan
ic a }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protestat
formal; la fel si Fran\uc1\u355Xa, desi aceasta era direct }\par\pard\li3040\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afectat\uc1\u259X de ocuparea
Rhenaniei. Titulescu considera c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalul vinovat pentru adoptarea a
cestei atitudini }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {capitularde era ministrul francez de externe, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {

Pierre Laval, pe }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {care nu se sfia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X-1 caracterizeze astf
el: \uc1\u8222XPentru acest minunat }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {pursnge care este Fran\uc1\u355Xa, }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Pierre Laval }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {este un rndas }\par\p
ard\li3040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ngrozitor ce a luat loc
ul tradi\uc1\u355Xionalului jocheu de ras\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li3040\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care acest pursnge are dreptul".}\par\pa
rd\li3546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peste cteva luni, n iulie
1936, a izbucnit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {r\uc1\u259Xzboiul civil din }
\b0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Spania; }
\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germania si Italia au sus}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u355Xinut \uc1\u8222Xrebeliunea" generalului }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Franco, n timp ce Fran\uc1\u355Xa
si Marea Britanic au adoptat }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politica de neinterven\uc1\u355Xie. Nicolae Titulescu e
ra convins c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {o victorie a lui Franco echivala cu o ncurajare pentru
}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernan\uc1\u3
55Xii de la Roma si Berlin de a face noi pasi pe }\par\par
d\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calea r\uc1\u259Xzboiulu
i; de aceea, a dispus ca }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100 de tunuri si 1
5 }\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avioane - com
andate de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul romn n Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fie trimise }\par\p
ard\li3026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n sprijinul Republicii
Spaniole.}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe a
cest fond - caracterizat prin esuarea politicii de securitate }\par\p
ard\li3013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colectiv\uc1\u259X}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, ca urmare a politicii conciliatoriste promovate de gu
vernele de }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la L
ondra si Paris - Nicolae Titulescu depunea eforturi pentru ncheierea }\par\pard\l
i3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pactului de asisten\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X cu Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \par\pard\li
3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 1935 el a }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinut din partea regelui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea si a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu m
puterniciri depline pentru }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {negocierea unui asemenea pact. Pe aceast\uc1\u259X ba
z\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{nceput, n septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1935, convorbirile cu
Maksim Litvinov, }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {comisarul poporului pentru afacerile externe al Uniunii Sovietice.}\par\pard
\li3533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi ntlnirile dintre cei d
oi ministri aveau loc noaptea si n cel mai }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strict secret, ele au fost sesizate de
agen\uc1\u355Xii statelor }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {revizioniste, care se sim\uc1\u355Xeau lezate de o eve
ntual\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n\uc1\u355Xelegere romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X. Deosebit de }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {vehemente au fost }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {cercurile guvernamentale de la Berlin, care acuzau }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia c\uc1\u259X ducea }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o politic\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u8222Xncercuire" a German
iei. La rndul lor, oficialii }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {de la Budapesta sus\uc1\u355Xineau c\uc1\u259X Romnia devenea \uc1\u
8222Xun agent }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
l Rusiei Sovietice n Europa". Oarecum surprinz\uc1\u259Xtor, }\par\par
d\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul Poloniei se dec

lara mpotriva unui pact romno-}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {sovietic, sus\uc1\u355Xinnd c\uc1\u259X el avea s\uc1\u259
X sporeasc\uc1\u259X ostilitatea }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de statele din aceast\uc1
\u259X zon\uc1\u259X a Europei.}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X existau cercuri politice ostile unui a
semenea }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pact, d
eoarece el }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ar fi permis t}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {rupelor sovietice s\uc1\u259X intre pe }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriul Romniei si apoi s\uc1\u259X o o
cupe, ntre criticii cei }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {mai ferven\uc1\u355Xi ai politicii lui Titulescu se aflau }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {74}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
heorghe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
, A.C. Cuza, Octavian }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Goga, Constantin Argetoianu. Dincolo }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
e o anumit\uc1\u259X afinitate }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideologic\uc1\u259X ntre acestia, se afla preocuparea une
i p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi a }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {clasei politice de a g\uc1\u259Xsi noi c\uc1\u259Xi si mijloace pen
tru ap\uc1\u259Xrarea }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {integrit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii teritoriale a Romniei, n opinia lor }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales a }\par\pard\li1866
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Gh. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia nu trebuia
s\uc1\u259X se aprop}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ie de }\par\pard\li186
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X, ci s\uc1\u259X caute o alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu G
ermania, \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {care se afla n plin\uc1\u259X ascensiune, tinznd s\u
c1\u259X devin\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {principala putere a Europei. Gh. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu reusi
se s\uc1\u259X-si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {creeze importante rela\uc1\u355Xii la Berlin, iar la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {16 noiembrie 1936, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {avea s\uc1\u259X fie primit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
Hitler, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care i-a declarat c\uc1\u259X \
uc1\u8222Xdac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Romnia s-ar elibera de tendin\uc1\u355Xele bolsevice }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {[...] }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interesul }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei ar spori s\uc1\u259X
vad\uc1\u259X n acest col\uc1\u355X al Europei o }\par\pard\li1866\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnie independent\uc1\u259X si put
ernic\uc1\u259X".}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, Nicolae Titulescu replica adversarilor s\uc1\u259Xi, }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declarnd c\uc1\u259
X era gata s\uc1\u259X negocieze un pact de asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mutual\uc1\u259X si cu
Germania, dac\uc1\u259X aceast\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X era dispus\uc1\
u259X s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {garanteze integritatea teritorial\uc1\u259X a Romniei. Numai c\uc1\u259X, n }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fapt, Titulescu nu
era recunoscut ca un interlocutor valabil }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Berlin, el fiind de
clarat,}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { mai mult sau mai pu\uc1\u355Xin }\fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {oficial, persona }\i0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {non grata.}\i0 \par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-266\slmult

0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Principalele for\uc1\u355Xe politice din R
omnia }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- att cele de la }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern, ct si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {din opozi\uc1\u355Xie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {continuau s\uc1\u259X mizeze pe o singur\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {carte: a alian\uc1\u355Xei cu maril
e democra\uc1\u355Xii occidentale (Marea }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Britanic si Fran\uc1\u355Xa), socotind Germania un
dusman poten\uc1\u355Xial, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {cu care nu se puteau stabili rela\uc1\u355Xii de colaborare.}\par\pa
rd\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Faptul c\uc1\u259X cele
mai active for\uc1\u355Xe antisovietice erau de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dreapta si de extrem\uc1\u259X dreapt\uc1\u259
X i-a oferit lui Litvinov prilejul }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de a afirma c\uc1\u259X politica lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Titulescu nu era}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { si cea a Romniei, }\par\pard\
li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ar aluneca spre
fascism, n fa\uc1\u355Xa acestor aprecieri, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu s-a deplasat la Bucuresti, unde
a ob\uc1\u355Xinut, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14 iulie }\par\pard\li1840\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1936, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{un document prin care guvernul T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu si }\par
\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reafirma orient\uc1
\u259Xrile de politic\uc1\u259X extern\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s
i reconfirma deplinele }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {puteri acordate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrului de externe de a
ncheia un pact de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X cu Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u
259X. Revenit la }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Montreux, unde se desf\uc1\u259Xsura }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Conferin\uc1\u355Xa privind }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {Strmtorile M\uc1\u259Xrii Negre, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Titulescu i-a prezentat lui Litvinov noile }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterniciri. C
omisarul sovietic i-a declarat: \uc1\u8222XDe data }\par\pard\li1840\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceasta v\uc1\u259Xd c\uc1\u25
9X nu sunte\uc1\u355Xi singurul care vre\uc1\u355Xi pactul de }\pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asisten\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259X cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS".}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cei doi au trecut la redactarea }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {proiectului pactului de }\b0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\b0 { }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mutual\uc1\u259X, ajungnd la urm\uc1\u259Xtorul text:
}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222X1.
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Asisten\uc1\u355Xa mutual\uc1\u259X n cadrul
Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ca de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ex.
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratatul cehoslovac sau francez) care s\uc1\
u259X nu }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vizeze
n mod special un stat, ci, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n general, orice agresor.
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\ma
rgtsxn666\margbsxn360\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3453\r
d\li3453\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Intrarea n ac\uc1\u355Xiune a fiec\uc1\u259Xrei din cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri se }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {va face numai}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {cnd Fran\uc1\u355Xa va fi intrat n ac\uc1\u355Xiune.}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.Guvernul URSS}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {recunoaste c\uc1\u259X, n virtutea diferitelor }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-2

53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale obliga\uc1\u355Xii}\par\pard\li3453\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, t
rupele sovietice nu vor putea trece }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {niciodat\uc1\u259X Nistrul f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X o}\par\pa
rd\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerere n acest sens din
partea guvernului regal al Romniei, la }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fel cum}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {guvernul regal al Romniei recunoaste c\uc1\u259X trupele }\par\par
d\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne nu vor putea trece}
\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {niciodat\uc1\u25
9X Nistrul n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\u
c1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X o cerere formal\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS.}\
par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.La cererea guve
rnului regal al Romniei, trupele sovietice trebuie}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X se retrag\uc1\u259X imediat de pe
teritoriul romn la est de }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Nistru, dup\uc1\u259X cum, la}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cererea guvernului URSS, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tr
upele romne trebuie s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {retrag\uc1\u259X imediat de}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe teritoriul URSS la vest de Nistru".}\par\pard\
li3453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Documentul, datat 21 i
ulie 1936, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea semn\uc1\u259Xtura lui }\par\
pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Litvinov }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {- care n dreptul punctelor l, 3 si 4 a scris \uc1\u8222Xac
ceptat", iar n }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
reptul punctului 2 a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {notat: \uc1\u8222XNu se acc
ept\uc1\u259X" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
a lui Nicolae }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T
itulescu, care a men\uc1\u355Xionat: \uc1\u8222XNu pot semna conven\uc1\u355Xia
f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {articolul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2". n fapt, punctele-cheie
erau 3 si 4, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptate de }\par\pard\li2933\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Litvinov, fapt ce-1 determina pe
Titulescu s\uc1\u259X aprecieze c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XNistrul era recunoscut ca frontier\uc1\u
259X, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X ca Basarabia s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fie cedat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Romniei de URSS".}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n timp ce Titulescu era mputernicit de guvernul }\par\pard\
li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn s\uc1\u259X ncheie aces
t pact, Litvinov a propus amnarea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {semn\uc1\u259Xrii lui pn\uc1\u259X n septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1936; de asemen}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea, el a cerut }\par\pa
rd\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca documentul s\uc1\u25
9X nu fie transmis prin cifru la Bucuresti, ci }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fie prezentat personal de Titulescu
regelui si guvernului }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Romniei, n fapt, Litvinov nu avea mputerniciri din partea }\par\pard\li2920\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice pentru semnarea unui asemenea
pa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct de }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si nici nu le pute
a ob\uc1\u355Xine. Motivul este unul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {singur: n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1924, cnd
Biroul Politic al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Comunist a
l }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunii Sov
ietice a decis nfiin\uc1\u355Xarea Republicii Sovietice }\par\pard\li29
20\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialiste Autonome Moldovenes

ti, s-a prev\uc1\u259Xzut c\uc1\u259X grani\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Apus a acestei republici avea s\uc1\u
259X fie pe rul Prut, ceea ce }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {nsemna decizia de anexare a Basarabiei \uc1\u8222Xla m
omentul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oportun
", n consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, guvernul sovietic nu putea }\par\pa
rd\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acorda mputerniciri mini
strului s\uc1\u259Xu de externe s\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semneze
}\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un document ca
re prevedea, de pat}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ru ori, c\uc1\u259X grani\uc1\u3
55Xa ntre Romnia }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
si URSS era pe rul Nistru.}\par\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {Esuarea politicii de securitate colectiv\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {i-a creat }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {lui Nicolae }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu o situa\uc1\u355X
ie extrem de dificil\uc1\u259X. Glasul s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional era tot mai
pu\uc1\u355Xin ascultat, iar n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criticile la adresa activit\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xii sale se intensificau. Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {7 }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie
1936, \uc1\u8222Xcercul de foc" se strngea n jurul }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ministrului de }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {externe romn, iar momentul debarc\uc1\u259Xrii sale era aproape.
}\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El}{ }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {76}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dev
enise \uc1\u355Xinta atacurilor presei si oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ilor din Germania, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Italia, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, Polonia si
chiar Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic. Nu o }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dat\uc1\u259X, aceste atacuri erau suburb
ane, viznd fizicul s\uc1\u259Xu, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355Xiile homosexuale, obiceiurile din v
ia\uc1\u355Xa cotidian\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc., }\par\par
d\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. In }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {fapt, era atacat\uc1\u259X politica extern\uc1\u259X a
Romniei }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promo
vat\uc1\u259X de Nicolae Titulescu. Presa de dreapta si }\par\pard
\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrema dreapt\uc1\u259
X din \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X era si mai virulent\uc1\u259X, cernd }\
par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demisia ministr
ului de externe, el fiind prezentat ca }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promotorul unor interese str\uc1\u259Xine, a
le iudeo-masoneriei, cu }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {consecin\uc1\u355Xe nefaste pentru Romnia.}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Da}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r rolul decisi
v l aveau liderii politici, care \uc1\u355Xineau n }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minile lor friele politicii na\uc1\u355Xionale.
Gheorghe T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Consiliului de Ministri, nu mai era dispus s
\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l
ase dominat de ministrul s\uc1\u259Xu de externe si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{propusese n mai }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{multe r}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nduri regelui nlocuirea lui Titulescu. Pe de
alt\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte, }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-
lea se sim\uc1\u355Xea eclipsat de personalitatea lui }\par\pard\li1

800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu si aprecia c\uc1\u2
59X sosise vremea s\uc1\u259X se dispenseze de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un colaborator incomod si s\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {preia n \uc1\u8222Xminile regale" conducerea }\par\pard\li1800\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politicii externe a Romniei. Camar
ila }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regal\uc1\u259X era tot mai ostil\uc1\u259X lu
i }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu; El
ena Lupescu nu putea uita faptul c\uc1\u259X acesta \uc1\u8222Xse }\par\pard\li1
800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xinea la distan\uc1\
u355Xa" si a evitat s\uc1\u259X-i fac\uc1\u259X o vizit\uc1\u259X la vila din }\
par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aleea}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Vulpache.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Socotind c\uc1\u259X terenul era deja preg\uc1\u259Xtit, }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea si }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xt\uc
1\u259Xrescu au pus la cale \uc1\u8222Xlovitura de gra\uc1\u355Xie". Sub }\par\p
ard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pretextul c\uc1\u259
X se impunea \uc1\u8222Xomogenizarea guvernului", }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu si-a depus
mandatul la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 august 1936, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {iar regele 1-}\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {a ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat cu construirea unui nou cabinet, n fapt, era }\par\pard\
li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vorba de o remaniere
guvernament}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al\uc1\u259X, n urma c\uc1\u259X
reia Nicolae }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Titulescu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {a }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
fost nl\uc1\u259Xturat }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din func\uc1\u355Xia
de ministru de }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {externe, n locul s\uc1\u259Xu a fost numit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V
ictor Antonescu, fruntas al }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Partidului National-Liberal. Titulescu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {neavizat despre aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {remaniere, a fost anun\uc1\u355Xat printr-o telegram\
uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X nu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai este }\par\pard\li1773
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministru de externe al Romniei.}\
par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aflat la Cap Mart
in, el a declarat presei: \uc1\u8222XNoul guvern nu mai are }\par\pard\li1773\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nevoie de serviciile mele.
E dreptul s\uc1\u259Xu. As fi preferat, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totusi, s\uc1\u259X fi fost pus dinainte n cu
rent cu inten\uc1\u355Xiile sale, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xci nu eu as fi fost cel care s\uc1\u259X fi ncurca
t cu persoana }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
ea pe cineva". Dup\uc1\u259X ce, n repetate rnduri, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T
itulescu si }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prez
entase demisia, iar Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea si T\uc1\u259
Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu au st\uc1\u259Xruit s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revin\uc1\u259X, satisf\uc1\u259Xcndu-i ce
rerile, de aceast\uc1\u259X dat\uc1\u259X regele si }\par\pard\li1773\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul-ministru s-au r\uc1\u259Xz
bunat ntr-o manier\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xbalcanic\uc1\u259X".}\par\pard\li2280\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X remanierea din }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 august 1936, Carol al II-lea, }\par\pard\li
1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu si Victor Antonescu au f\uc1\u2
59Xcut repetate }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {declara\uc1\u355Xii potrivit c\uc1\u259Xrora politica extern\uc1\u259X
a Romniei nu }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {avea un caracter personal, nu era expresia}\par\pard\li7813\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {77}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn626\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-213\sl
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {v}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oin\uc1\u355Xei unui singur om, s
i c\uc1\u259X ea va continua pe linia }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tradi\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, bazat\uc1\u25
9X pe marile democra\uc1\u355Xii occidentale (Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2920\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Marea Britanic), pe Mi
ca n\uc1\u355Xelegere si n\uc1\u355Xelegerea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Balcanic\uc1\u259X, pe rela\uc1\u355Xii a
micale cu to\uc1\u355Xi vecinii, inclusiv cu }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X n vederea
definitiv\uc1\u259Xrii pactului de }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X.}\par\pa
rd\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u2
59X s-a folosit de nl\uc1\u259Xturarea lui Nicolae }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu din guvern, pentru a sus\uc1\u355Xi
ne c\uc1\u259X politica extern\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei se schimbase si c\uc1\u259X semnare
a pactului de }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X nu mai era \uc1\u8222X}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {de actualitate". Astfel, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Litvin
ov }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu se mai si
m\uc1\u355Xea angajat de cele convenite cu omologul }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
omn la 21 iulie 1936.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {O dat\uc1\u259X cu nlocuirea lui Nicolae Titulescu la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {29 august }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {1936, se }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ncheia o etap\uc1\u259X }\b0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {important\uc1\u259X din istoria rela\uc1\u355Xi
ilor }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diplomatic
e ale Romniei, caracterizat\uc1\u259X prin ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X
, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consecven\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X, dinamism si autentic prestigiu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {mondial. Prin }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {numirea n fruntea Ministerului de Externe a unei }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sterse, pu\uc1\u355Xin cunoscute pe plan in
terna\uc1\u355Xional, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea si }\par\pard
\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe T\uc1\u259Xt\u
c1\u259Xrescu au urm\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rit retragerea
Romniei din prim-}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {planul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diploma\uc1\u355Xiei, n contextul
esu\uc1\u259Xrii securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colective europene, si promovarea un
ei politici ct mai }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {prudente, viznd strict interesele na\uc1\u355Xionale.}\par\pard\li3413\r
i0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
Situa\uc1\u355Xia interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a Romniei n anii }\b0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {1938-}\b0 \par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {1939}\b0 \par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {n 1936-1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe cerul Europei se adunau no
ri grei, care }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
revesteau declansarea unei noi conflagra\uc1\u355Xii mondiale. }\par\p
ard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anexarea Austriei de c
\uc1\u259Xtre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germania, n martie 1938, si acordul de
}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Munchen, di
n septembrie acelasi an, au constituit evenimente care au }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncurajat Germania pe drumul }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declans\uc1\u259Xrii unei noi conflagra\uc1\u355Xii }\

par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondiale.}\par\pa
rd\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Miinchen-ul }\b0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ncheiat o etap\uc1\u259X n via\uc1\u355Xa p
olitic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X si a deschis o alta }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care ra\uc1\u355Xiunea politic\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era tot mai mult nl
ocuit\uc1\u259X cu for\uc1\u355Xa brutal\uc1\u259X. Tranzac\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Mnchen a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impus tuturor statelor s\uc1\u
259X reexamineze rezultatele }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {politicii anterioare, s\uc1\u259X reevalueze raportul de for\uc1\u
355Xe creat, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\
uc1\u259X descifreze perspectivele vie\uc1\u355Xii interna\uc1\u355Xionale.}\par
\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Dezmembrarea Cehos
lovaciei }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut consecin\uc1\u355Xe extrem de }
\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negative pentru
Romnia, care a pierdut un aliat credincios }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si principala surs\uc1\u259X de aprovizionare
cu armament. De }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {asemenea, acest act a marcat}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {dezagregar
ea}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Micii n\uc1\u355Xelegeri, }\b0 \par\pard\
li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care constituia unul din p
unctele de sprijin ale politicii externe romnesti n }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lupta mpotriva revizionismului horthyst.}\par\
pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acest cadru interna\
uc1\u355Xional se nscriu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {vizitele lui Carol al }\b
0 \par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {I-lea }\b0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Londra (15-18 noiembrie) si Paris (19-21 noiembrie)
, pentru a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {soli
cita sprijin economic si politic, n vederea respingerii presiunilo
r }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei, n 7
rd\li1853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mod concret, }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {el a cerut extinderea rela\uc1\u355Xiilor comerci
ale, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndeosebi pr
in }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sporirea exportului romnesc, acordarea unor cred
ite }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru nze
strarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armatei romne, sporirea livr\uc1\u259
Xrilor de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arm
ament. Dar cele dou\uc1\u259X guverne au evitat s\uc1\u259X-si ia vreun }\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajament, ceea ce a n
semnat, n fond, c\uc1\u259X Romnia nu }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea conta pe sprijinul Marii Britanii si Fra
n\uc1\u355Xei. Politica }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {extern\uc1\u259X promovat\uc1\u259X de guvernele din perioada interb
elic\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{bazat\uc1\u259X pe ideea c\uc1\u259X cele dou\uc1\u259X mari state occidentale
vor }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u25
9Xra si vor sprijini Romnia, primea o grea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lovit}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La ntoarcerea n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X, regele s-a oprit
n Germania }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {und
e, n ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 noiembrie, a avut convorbiri cu H
itler. Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propus intensificarea cooper\uc1\u259Xrii e
conomice romno-}\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{germane si a sugerat ca Reich-ul s\uc1\u259X nu mai sprijine }

\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preten\uc1\u355X
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iile revizioniste ale Ungariei. Hitler s-a
declarat de acord cu }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {extinderea rela\uc1\u355Xiilor economice ntre Romnia si Germania, }\
par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar a evitat
s\uc1\u259X se pronun\uc1\u355Xe mpotriva revizionismului }\par\pard\li
1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {horthyst. Prezent la convorb
ire, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrul de externe german, von }\par\pard\li
1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ribbentrop, a rezumat
astfel spusele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fuhrer-ului: \uc1\u8222XIdeea }
\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamental\uc1\
u259X a politicii noastre n momentul de fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuie s\uc1\u259X
fie de a \uc1\u355Xine n sah att Ungaria ct si Romnia, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a le folosi, n func\uc1\u355Xie de e
volu\uc1\u355Xia situa\uc1\u355Xiei}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, n interesul }\p
ar\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {german".}\par\pard
\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 12 februarie 1939
au nceput la Bucuresti tratative n vederea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierii unui acord economic ntre Romnia si Germania. }\
par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar propunerile
delega\uc1\u355Xiei germane vizau subordonarea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economic\uc1\u259X a Romniei, \uc1
\u8222Xadaptarea" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economiei noastre la }\par\p
ard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nevoile Berlinului. De
lega\uc1\u355Xia economic\uc1\u259X romn\uc1\u259X opunea o }\par\pard\li1840\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drz\uc1\u259X rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259X cnd, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14 martie 1939, trupele na
ziste au }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inva
dat Cehoslovacia, c\uc1\u259Xlcnd n picioare acordul de la }\par\par
d\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Munchen. La rndul lo
r, armatele maghiare au intrat n }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ucraina Subcarpatic\uc1\u259X, pe ca}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {re au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anexat-o n ntregime. }
\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Britanic
si Fran\uc1\u355Xa, desi garantaser\uc1\u259X frontierele }\par\pard\
li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovaciei, s-au mu
l\uc1\u355Xumit s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X declara\uc1\u355Xii c\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceasta era u
ltima }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agresiune pe care o mai tolerau.}\par\pard\li
2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reich-ul a profitat din plin
de climatul politic creat prin ocuparea }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovaciei pentru a exercita puternice presiuni asu
pra }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei. Dup
\uc1\u259X discu\uc1\u355Xii agitate, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 martie
1939 a fost semnat }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {Tratatul economic romno-german, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin c
are c\uc1\u259Xpeteniile de }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {la Berlin au urm\uc1\u259Xrit subordonarea \uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rii noastre Reich-ului }\par\pard\li18
26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nazist. Prin acest tratat, Ger
mania a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xp\uc1\u259Xtat largi posibilit\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {p\uc1\u259Xtrunde n economia romneasc\uc1\u259X, de a o ase
rvi si }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exploa
ta. Guvernul Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu a f\uc1\u259Xcut concesii }\par
\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice n speran
\uc1\u355Xa c\uc1\u259X va reusi s\uc1\u259X evite ocuparea }\par\pa
rd\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militar\uc1\u259X}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { a Romniei. Ulterior, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\u

c1\u259Xcut tot ce i-a stat n putin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a tergiversa aplicarea lui si aca
pararea}\par\pard\li7853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {79}\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn
666\margbsxn666\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li29
86\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economiei romnesti de c\uc1\u25
9Xtre Germania. Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n contextul renun\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii treptat
e la conciliatorism, Marea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Britanic si Fran\uc1\u355Xa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { au s
emnat cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia acorduri economice }\par\pard\li298
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menite s\uc1\u259X contraba
lanseze efectul tratatului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 23 martie }\p
ar\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1939.}\par\pard\li
3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, la 13 }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie, guvernele de la Londra si Paris }\par\pard\li2986\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xceau cunoscut c\uc1\
u259X au decis s\uc1\u259X garanteze integritatea }\par\pard\li2986\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritorial\uc1\u259X a Romniei
si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gr}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eciei. Aceste
garan\uc1\u355Xii aveau }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {numai o valoare teoretic\uc1\u259X, ntruct ele nu au fost urmate }\
par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de vreun acord te
hnic, care s\uc1\u259X stabileasc\uc1\u259X n mod concret }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ajutorul pe care cele dou\uc1\u259X \u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri urmau s\uc1\u259X-1 primeasc\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3506\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acest timp, guvernul romn a ncercat
s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ameliorare a }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {rel
a\uc1\u355Xiilor cu Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Armnd }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\
uc1\u259Xlinescu a c\uc1\u259Xutat s\uc1\u259X reia politica promovat
\uc1\u259X de Nicolae }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Titulescu fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de vecinul de la r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u2
59Xrit, spernd c\uc1\u259X va reusi }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X ajung\uc1\u259X la ncheierea unui pact de neagres
iune romno-}\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovie
tic, pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baza recunoasterii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {statu-quo-ului }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritorial. La 8 mai 1939
, }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrul d
e }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe romn, Grigore Gafencu, a avut
o }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u3
55Xie la Bucuresti cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potemkin, adjunctul
comisarului }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
oporului pentru afacerile externe, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cadrul c\uc1\
u259Xreia si-a exprimat }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {dorin\uc1\u355Xa mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirii rela\uc1\u3
55Xiilor din}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tre Romnia si }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Uniunea }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X. La 11 august, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al 11lea a purtat tratative cu Ismet }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Inonii, presedintele Turciei, solicitnd ca guvernul turc s\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mijloceasc
\uc1\u259X o apropiere romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X, mergndu-se }\par\pard\li2
973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1\u259X la ncheierea unui
pact de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neagresiune }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nt
re cele dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri.}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Dar, semnarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Pactului Moloto

v-Ribbentrop, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numit \uc1\u8222XTratat de }
\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neagresiune ntre
Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X si Reich-ul German", }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 august 19
39, a anulat aceste eforturi. Vestea ncheierea pactului }\par\pard\li2960\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovieto-german a }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {fost primit\uc1\u259X cu o vie neliniste de cercurile }\par\pard\li
2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice si diplomatice
din Romnia, mai ales c\uc1\u259X ziarele }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {americane t\uc1\u259Xceau referiri la un pr
otocol adi\uc1\u355Xional secret al }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {acestui pact, viznd modific\uc1\u259Xri teritoriale n zona es
tic\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Europei, ntre Marea Baltic\uc1\u259X si Marea Neagr\uc1\u259X, ntr-adev\uc1\u259X
r, }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest prot
ocol }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea la punctul 3 }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222XPartea sovietic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li29
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {subliniaz\uc1\u259X interesul
pe care-1 manifest\uc1\u259X pentru Basarabia. }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partea german\uc1\u259X si declar\uc1\u259X tota
lul dezinteres politic fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceste teritorii". Practic, la }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {23 august 1939, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germania
a }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptat cere
rea Uniunii Sovietice viznd anexarea p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2960\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit a }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moldovei si dezmembrarea Romniei.}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In ajunul celui de-al doilea
r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial, }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xionarea alian\uc1\u355Xelor politice si militare al
e Romniei era }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an
ulat\uc1\u259X prin ac\uc1\u355Xiunea unor facto}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ri
externi. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi continuau s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2
946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {de jure, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Societatea Na\uc1\u355X
iunilor, tratatele de pace, }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {principalele instrumente de garan\uc1\u355Xie si de recunoast
ere pe }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plan int
erna\uc1\u355Xional a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {80}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpa
ge\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de stat a Romniei erau }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de facto }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desfiin
\uc1\u355Xate, n via\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X se instaurase politica de for\
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si dictat, de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {nesocotire a voin\uc1\u355Xei popoarelor.}\par\pard\li2306\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La l septembrie 1939, Germania a at
acat Polonia, act care a marcat }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {dezl\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355Xuirea celei de-a doua mari
conflagra\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {mondiale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a secolului al XX-lea.
In ziua de 3 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie, Marea }\par\pard\li1786
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Britanic si Fran\uc1\u355Xa
au declarat r\uc1\u259Xzboi Germaniei, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intervin\u
c1\u259X efectiv n lupt\uc1\u259X. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17 septembrie,
trupele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice au }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intrat n Polonia, ocupnd aproape dod\uc1\u259X

treimi din teritoriul }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {acesteia, n conformitate cu planul Molotov-Ribbentr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {op.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntruni
t la 6 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie, Consiliul de Coroan\uc1\u259X a
hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ca Romnia \uc1\u8222Xs\uc1\u259X observe strict }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {regulile neutralit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilite prin conven\uc1\u355Xii interna\
uc1\u355Xionale fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de beligeran\uc1\u355Xi n }\par\pard\li174
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {actualul conflict". Aceast\uc1\
u259X neutralitate a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut un caracter activ, }\par
\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind favora}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bil\uc1\u259X, n esen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, alian\uc1
\u355Xelor anglo-franceze si }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {victimelor agresiunii, oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile s
i poporul romn }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {manifestndu-si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {solidaritatea cu Polonia,
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xzut\uc1\u259X victim\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agresiunilor germa
n\uc1\u259X si sovietic\uc1\u259X. Tratatul de alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X dintre
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia si Poloni
a nu avea n vedere o agresiune din partea }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei, iar guvernul polonez nu acceptase propunere
a }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne (din martie 1939) de a i se da un
caracter }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {erga omnes. }\i0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemen
ea, se cuvine men\uc1\u355Xionat faptul c\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pard\li1
746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mprejur\uc1\u259Xrile critice
de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceputul lunii septembrie 1939, Polonia }\par\
pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a cerut ajut
orul militar al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, solicitnd doar ca \uc1\
u355Xara }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noastr
\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X acorde ospitalitate presedintelui Republicii s
i }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membrilor g
uvernului polonez. Avnd n vedere situa\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1746\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem de dificil\uc1\u259X n care se
g\uc1\u259Xsea Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia, se poate aprecia si }\par\pa
rd\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai bine }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {realitatea c\uc1\u259X guvernul si poporul romn au f\uc1\u259Xcut
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tot posibilu
l pentru a nlesni rezisten\uc1\u355Xa Poloniei n fa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\
pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agresiunii, n ciud
a protestelor vehemente }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale Germaniei, }\par
\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul romn a
intervenit pentru a asigura libera trecere }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {prin }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strmtor
ile M\uc1\u259Xrii Negre a vaselor nc\uc1\u259Xrcate cu material de }\par\pard\li
1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi destinate v
ictimelor agresiunii si a ng\uc1\u259Xduit tranzitul }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia pe teritoriul }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Romniei. Cu toate presiunile guvernului }\par\pard\li1746\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hitlerist, guvernul prezidat de }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu a acordat sprijin }\par\pard\
li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {direct ac\uc1\u355Xiunii d
e tranzitare a tezaurului B\uc1\u259Xncii Poloniei pe }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriul Romniei si de evacuare
a lui prin portul }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Constan\uc1\u355Xa. De asemenea, o parte a tezaurului polonez a }\pa
r\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost p\uc1\u259Xstr

at\uc1\u259X n Bucuresti, fiind restituit\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1947.}\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acele
momente grele pentru poporul polonez, Romnia si-a }\par\pard\li1733
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschis grani\uc1\u355Xa pen
tru refugia\uc1\u355Xii, precum si pentru }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile civile si }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare. Circa 100.000 de polonezi, dintre care }\p
ar\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {60.000 }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de militari, au trecut grani\uc1\u355Xa n Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {nia, unde s-au bucurat }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de ospitalitatea si simpatia poporului nostru. La 16 septembri
e, guvernul }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn
a oferit presedintelui si}\par\pard\li7813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {81}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
8\cf0\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului
Poloniei \uc1\u8222Xospitalitatea sau dreptul de trecere prin Romnia". Pe }\par\p
ard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X baz\u
c1\u259X, n noaptea de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16/17 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {septembrie, au intrat n }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ign
acy Moscicki, presedintele Republicii Polonia, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maresalul Rydz Smigly, seful Cart
ierului General al armatei poloneze, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loseph Beck, ministrul de externe, si alte perso
ane oficiale. Cu ajutorul }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {guvernului romn, o parte dintre acestia au plecat n Occident, unde au }
\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continuat lupta
pentru eliberarea Poloniei.}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Atitudinea guvernului romn a nemul\uc1\u355Xumit profund }\
par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Berlinul, care a
pus la cale asasinarea lui Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 sep
tembrie 1939. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Opinia public\uc1\u259X a v\uc1\u259X
zut n acest }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gest
terorist mna Germaniei si o ncercare din partea }\par\pard\li2800\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorilor ei de a s
ubjuga Romnia.}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In
perioada septembrie 1939 - februarie 1940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diploma
\uc1\u355Xia romn\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {si-a concentrat eforturile n direc\uc1\u355Xia realiz\uc1\u2
59Xrii unui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {bloc al }\b0 \par\pard\li2800\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {neutrilor. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {serie de taton\uc1\u259Xri, guvernul romn a propus, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28 octom
brie 1939, crearea}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unui bloc n care s\uc1\u259X in
tre, al\uc1\u259Xturi de }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile membre ale n\uc1\u355Xelegerii Balcani
ce }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Romnia, Iugoslavia, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Turcia, Grecia), Bulgaria, Italia
si Ungaria. Aceste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {state urmau s\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xin\
uc1\u259X o neutralitate des\uc1\u259Xvrsit\uc1\u259X n cadrul conflic
tului }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european
si s\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xstreze o atitudine binevoitoare fa\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ace
l membru al blocului care ar fi devenit victima unei }\par\pard
\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agresiuni. Ini\uc1\u355Xi

ativa era n interesul tuturor popoarelor din }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X zon\uc1\u259X, deoarece viz
a ap\uc1\u259Xrarea independen\uc1\u355Xei si }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii lor na\uc1\u
355Xionale. Dar, n urma presiunilor f\uc1\u259Xcute de }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germania asupra guvernelor de la Roma, So
fia si Budapesta, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {aceast\uc1\u259X ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X a esuat.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mergnd pe calea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {\uc1\u8222Xadapt\uc1\u259Xrii la realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi", }\b0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul lui Carol }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Il-lea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a nceput s\uc1\
u259X reorienteze politica extern\uc1\u259X a Romniei. }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Efortul de reorientare a fost dramatic,
deoarece n rela\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale factorul decisiv era for\uc1\u355X
a. Nicolae lorga se }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {adresa n acele zile studen\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u259Xi: \uc1\u8222Xn mome
ntul cnd trei }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri: Austria, Cehoslovacia, Polonia au disp\uc1\u259Xrut,
trei \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {care au fost sprijinite de o baz\uc1\u259X na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u
259X ce era socotit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sacr\uc1\u259X si desigur c\uc1\u259X ideea aceasta na
\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X este sacr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru inima fiec\uc1\u259Xruia dintre
dumneavoastr\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- n }\par\pard\li2800\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {momentul cnd cineva se sup\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259X pe undeva, s-ar putea ca }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {orase ntregi s\uc1\u259X fie desfiin\uc1\u355Xate prin
aruncarea de bombe }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {din avioane care zboar\uc1\u259X si la sapte mii de metri deasupra }\par
\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmntului, f
iind invizibile}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- cel mai viteaz mijloc}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de lupt\uc1\u259X cum }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {este si mijlocul de a distruge o flot\uc1\u259X ntreag
\uc1\u259X cu vase care }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {nu ies la suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si se poate ntmpla s\uc1\u259X scap
e dup\uc1\u259X ce }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {au s\uc1\u259Xvrsit marea crim\uc1\u259X, distrugnd si marile averi cuprinse }
\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n pere\uc1\u355
Xii vaselor acestora }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {momentul cnd anumite }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {amenin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri s-au ndreptat si asupra noastr\uc1
\u259X", se impunea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
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lex100 {3 iulie }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1940, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupele sovietice s-au instalat pe
noile grani\uc1\u355Xe ntre }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia si U.R.S.S.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Poporul romn a primit cu mult\uc1\u259X durere actul ocup\uc
1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basa
rabiei si nordului Bucovinei, n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X declarndu-se doliu }\par\pa
rd\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional si
avnd loc slujbe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care se cerea spriji
nul lui }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dumne
zeu, pentru ca dreptatea s\uc1\u259X revin\uc1\u259X pe p\uc1\u259Xmnt, n }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp ce toate partidel
e politice din Romnia si-au exprimat }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xia sau m\uc1\u259Xcar regretul pentru
cedarea Basarabiei }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {si nordului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovinei, Partidul Comu
nist din Romnia a salutat }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xeliberarea" acestor teritorii \uc1\u8222Xde
sub jugul capitalistilor si mosierilor }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni".}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noul guvern, prezidat de Ion Gigurtu, a declarat la 5 }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {orientarea Romniei spre Ax\uc1\u259X }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era \uc1\u8222Xun fapt mplinit". Dar }\par\p
ard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler aprecia }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X sosise vremea s\uc1\u259X treac\uc1\
u259X la satisfacerea }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {preten\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iilor teritoriale ale Un
gariei si Bulgariei pe seama Romniei. La }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15 iulie, fuhrer-ul i-a adresat lui Carol }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {al II-lea o scrisoare n care, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe un ton ultimativ, cerea ca Romnia
s\uc1\u259X se ncadreze }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {definitiv n linia politic\uc1\u259X a Reich-ului si s\uc1\u259X consi
mt\uc1\u259X la ced\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {teritoriale fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de vecinii s\uc1\u25
9Xi, subliniind c\uc1\u259X revizuirea }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenise inevitabil\uc1\u259X: \uc1\u8222XOrice
ncercare de a nl\uc1\u259Xtura, prin }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manevre tactice de vreun fel sau altu
l pericolele care }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {amenin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xara dumneavoastr\uc1\u259X treb
uie (s\uc1\u259X sufere) si va }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suferi un esec. Sfrsitul, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
ai devreme sau mai trziu - si poate n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte scurt timp - ar putea fi chiar distrugerea Romniei"
.}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cedarea Cadr
ilaterului. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de 3 august 1940, Hitler
a cerut }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernu
lui romn s\uc1\u259X cedeze Bulgariei partea de sud a }\par\pard\li2866\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dobrogei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {-Cadrilaterul. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratativele romno-bulgare
, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncepute la }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Craiova n ziua de 19 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {august, partea romn\uc1\u259X a satisf\uc1\u259Xcut }\par\pard\li
2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {integral cererile teritorial
e ale Bulgariei, grani\uc1\u355Xa dintre cele }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri fiind stabil
it\uc1\u259X prin Acordul semnat la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 septembrie
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940 }\fs22\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {pe linia trasat\uc1\u259X nainte de}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ 1913. 84}\par\pard\li8893\ri0\sl-1720\slmult0 \fs140\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {}
\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
pard\li2346\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Dictatul de ia Vien
a. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La sugestia imperativ\uc1\u259X a Berlinului
s-}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a hot\uc1\u2
59Xrt }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizarea unor tratative romno-maghiare, care
au nceput }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua
de 16 august 1940 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Tumu Severin. Delega\uc1\u355
Xia romn\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {propus ca baz\uc1\u259X de discu\uc1\u355Xie efectuarea unui s
chimb de }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popu
la\uc1\u355Xie, nso\uc1\u355Xit de mici rectific\uc1\u259Xri de frontier\uc1\u259
X, n timp ce }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {del
ega\uc1\u355Xia maghiar\uc1\u259X a cerut cedarea a }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2/3 din teritoriul }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvaniei, nsumnd 3,9 milioane locuitori, dintre
care peste 2,2 }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {milioane erau romni. Tratativele}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s-au desf\uc1\u
259Xsurat cu intermiten\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 august, cnd sa consemnat esecul lor.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u259X-si asigure posibilitatea st\uc1\u259Xpnirii re
surselor }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petrol
iere romnesti, precum si a produselor agro-}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alimentare din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sud-est }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {europene, necesa
re desf\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xz}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {boiului, guvernul na
zist nu era interesat ntr-un conflict armat romno-}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ungar. De aceea, Germania si Italia au decis }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X recurg\uc1\u259X la metoda }\par\pard\li
1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dictatului direct, n ziua de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 august, von Ribbentrop i-a propus lui }\par\pard
\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ciano convocarea la
Viena a ministrilor de externe ai Romniei si }\par\pard\li1800\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungariei, pentru a primi \uc
1\u8222Xsfaturile amicale" ale Axei, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {veder
ea }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g\uc1\u259Xs
irii unei solu\uc1\u355Xii.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {La 27 august, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Hitler a }\b0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {fixat grani\uc1\u355Xa }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ntre cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X ce cu o zi nainte ordonase m\uc1\
u259Xsuri militare speciale, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {pentru o eventual\uc1\u259X interven\uc1\u355Xie n Romnia. In acest
scop au }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost pu
se n alert\uc1\u259X zece divizii de infanterie si dou\uc1\u259X divizii de }\par
\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tancuri. La }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {28 august, fuhrer-ul a ordonat ca patru divizii }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {blindate si }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X motorizate s\uc1\u259X fie gata de ac\uc1\u355Xiune
n vederea ocup\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {zonei}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petroliere din Romnia. De aseme
nea, se avea n vedere deplasarea }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {unor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupe de parasutisti s
i de desant aerian pentru }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ocuparea rapid\uc1\u259X a celor mai importante zone strategi

ce din }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u35
5Xara noastr\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {n ziua de 29 august, ministrii de externe ai Germaniei si Italiei au }\pa
r\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunicat delega\
uc1\u355Xiei romne si celei maghiare, sosite la }\par\pard\li1773\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Viena, c\uc1\u259X discu\uc1\u355Xii
le }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau inutile, deoarece nu se putea ajunge la un
}\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acord, astfel n
ct decizia va }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fi luat\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u8222Xarbitr
i". Pe aceast\uc1\u259X baz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se foloseste termenul de \uc1\u8222Xarbitrajul" de }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ia Viena.}\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Pentru a avea calitatea de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
222Xarbitri", acestia ar fi trebuit s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neutri, impar\uc1\u355Xiali, dezinteresa
\uc1\u355Xi, adic\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X fi luat decizii pe }\par\par
d\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baza faptelor obiective.
In realitate, Germania si Italia se }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflau, prin politica lor revizionist\uc1\u259X
si revansard\uc1\u259X, de }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {partea Ungariei horthyste, iar agres}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {iunile militare si }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {subjugarea popoarelor constituiau o tr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xtur\
uc1\u259X definitorie a }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {politicii hitleriste si mussoliniene. nc\uc1\u259X de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {13 ianuarie 1939, }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria f\uc1\u259Xcea parte, al\uc1\u259Xturi de }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Germania si Italia, precum si de }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Japonia, din Pactul Anticomintern. Toate}\
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {85}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-213\slmul
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {acestea ar\uc1\u259Xtau limpede c\uc1\u259X nu era vorba de un \uc1\u8222X
arbitraj", ci }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
e un adev\uc1\u259Xrat \uc1\u8222Xdictat" impus Romniei.}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n discu\uc1\u355Xiile cu reprezentan\uc1\
u355Xii \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii noastre, Ribbentrop }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Ciano au declarat categoric c\u
c1\u259X dac\uc1\u259X acestia nu vor }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {accepta cedarea unei p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi a }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ransilvaniei, Romnia av
ea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X
devin\uc1\u259X obiectul unei ac\uc1\u355Xiuni militare, s\uc1\u259X fie invada
t\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
stears\uc1\u259X de pe harta Europei. Ei au cerut, n mod ultimativ, }\par\pard\li
3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului romn s\uc1\u259X a
ccepte \uc1\u8222Xarbitrajul".}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {n acest timp au avut loc deplas\uc1\u259Xri de tru
pe }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice sp
re Prut, urmate de unele incidente la grani\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre Romnia si Uniunea Sovieti
c\uc1\u259X. Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul de la Moscova a f\uc1\u259Xc
ut cunoscut c\uc1\u259X sprijinea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revendic\uc1\u259Xrile teritoriale ale Ungariei pe seam
a Romniei.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrunit
n grab\uc1\u259X, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Consiliul de Coroan\uc1\u259X
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{- }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu 21 votu
ri pentru, 10 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contra si l ab\uc1\u355Xiner
e }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primirea }\par\p
ard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xarbitrajulu
i". Aceast\uc1\u259X decizie a fost luat\uc1\u259X sub imperiul }\p
ar\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {for\uc1\u355Xei, c
u gndul de a salva existen\uc1\u355Xa statului romn aflat }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-una din cele mai critice situa\uc1\u
355Xii din ntreaga sa istorie. }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ce au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primit acceptul
Bucurestilor si Budapestei, ministrii de }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe ai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei si I
taliei au prezentat harta pe care era }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trasat\uc1\u259X noua grani\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X ntre
Romnia si Ungaria. \uc1\u354Xara }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noastr\uc1\u259X era obligat\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259
X cedeze }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {42 243 km}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { cu 2.667.007 }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuitori. Dup\uc1\u259X pronun\uc1\u355Xarea s
entin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ei a avut loc, n noaptea de }\par\par
d\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30/31 }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {august, un nou Consiliu de Coroan\uc1\u259X, care a luat act }\par\p
ard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de hot\uc1\u259Xrrea }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xarbitrilor".}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Imediat ce au aflat de cele hot\u
c1\u259Xrte la Viena, }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii de pe ntreg cuprinsul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr
ii, de la orase si sate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitori, \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani,
intelectuali, func\uc1\u355Xionari, ofi\uc1\u355Xeri si }\par\pard\li2973\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solda\uc1\u355Xi, zeci si sute de
mii de oameni, apar\uc1\u355Xinnd tuturor }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {categoriilor sociale, au exprimat, n cadrul
unor mari }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
manifesta\uc1\u355Xii de strad\uc1\u259X, protestul si indignarea fa\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259X de acest }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {act dictatorial impus de puterile totalitare, nc\uc1\u259X din s}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {eara de }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {30 august, romnii din orasul Cluj au iesit n }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {strad\uc1\u259X cu steaguri }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tricolore, scandnd lozinci ca: \uc1\u8222XNici un pe
tec de p\uc1\u259Xmnt", }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u8222XVrem s\uc1\u259X murim ap\uc1\u259Xrndu-ne fruntariile", \uc1\
u8222XArdealul s\uc1\u259X nu }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {fie ciuntit!". Ei au expediat guvernului o telegram\uc1\u259X n ca
re }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declarau c\u
c1\u259X resping cu hot\uc1\u259Xrre dictatul de la Viena si sunt }\par\pard\li29
73\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gata s\uc1\u259X apere cu via\
uc1\u355Xa p\uc1\u259Xmntul str\uc1\u259Xmosesc.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Bucuresti, mii de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni ad
una\uc1\u355Xi n fa\uc1\u355Xa statuii lui }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai Viteazul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simbol al unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355
Xionale a tuturor }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {romnilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- au demonstrat sub lozinca: \uc1
\u8222X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nu d\uc1\u259Xm Ardealul" si au }\par\pard\l
i2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intonat cntecele patriotice
\uc1\u8222XDesteapt\uc1\u259X-te, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne!" si \uc1\u
8222XPe-al }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nost
ru steag e scris Unire".}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc

alex100 {La Brasov, manifesta\uc1\u355Xiile de protest au mbr\uc1\u259Xcat att }\p
ar\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {forma demonstra\u
c1\u355Xiilor de strad\uc1\u259X, ct si a grevelor, }\par\pard\li2973
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participan\uc1\u355Xii cernd rezi
sten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {86}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armat\uc1\u259X mpotriva dictatului. La
Oradea, manifesta\uc1\u355Xiile de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strada au avut un puternic caracter antirevi
zionist si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an
tihitlerist; mpreun\uc1\u259X cu solda\uc1\u355Xii si ofi\uc1\u355Xerii care era
u sili\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc1\u259X orasul f\uc1\u259Xr\u
c1\u259X lupt\uc1\u259X, cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii romni au }\par\pard\
li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demonstrat n fa\uc1\u355Xa
consulatului german. Mari manifesta\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au avut loc la Timisoara, Sibiu, Cugir, Deva
, Hunedoara, }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A
lba lulia, Or\uc1\u259Xstie, Constan\uc1\u355Xa, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ia
si s.a.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Pr\uc1
\u259Xbusirea lui }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Carol al H-lea. Sch
imbarea regimului }\b0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {politic. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ridicndu-se cu energie mpotr
iva dictatului din 30 august 1940, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condamna n
acelasi timp regimul lui Carol al 11-lea, care se }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dovedise }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {incap
abil de a ap\uc1\u259Xra integritatea teritorial\uc1\u259X a }\par\p
ard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, n mai pu\uc1\u3
55Xin de trei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luni, Romnia pierduse 99.738 km}\fs14\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {(33,8% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X) si
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.821.000 locuitori (33,3% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {din popula\uc1\u355Xie).}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Guvernul Gigurtu a ncercat s\uc1\u259X st\uc1\u259Xvil
easc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
manifesta\uc1\u355Xiile populare, ordonnd autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u
259X intervin\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {pentru restabilirea ordinii. Dar, n numeroase cazuri, }\par\p
ard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\
u355Xile nsesi s-au al\uc1\u259Xturat manifestan\uc1\u355Xilor care }\p
ar\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condamnau dictatul
de la Viena si politica lui Carol al i-lea de acceptare a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia, n ultima zi a lunii august s
i n primele zile ale lunii septembrie, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poporul romn si-a cucerit drepturile si libert
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {democratice care, de la l O }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {feb
ruarie 1938, i erau interzise: }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {dreptul de ntrunire, de organizare, libertatea cuvntului, a p
resei.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In ziua d
e 2 septembrie 1940, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele nota o discu\uc1\u3
55Xie avut\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {cu Vaier Pop: \uc1\u8222XEste extrem de ngrijorat de situa\uc1\u355Xie. Val
ul }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de nemul\uc1
\u355Xumiri creste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vertiginos, zice el, chiar }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n armat\uc1\u259X. Dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el chestiunea prezint\uc1\u259X o

deosebit\uc1\u259X gravitate c\uc1\u259Xci ura se }\par\pard\li1840\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndreapt\uc1\u259X mpotriva mea. Trebu
ie, zice el, ct mai repede }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {o schimbare de guvern. Va trebui g\uc1\u259Xsit ceva,
cineva de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
estigiu si autoritate, cum ar fi dup\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xrerea lui generalul }\
par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu. Am r\u
c1\u259Xmas uluit de aceast\uc1\u259X propunere".}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Generalul Ion Antonescu }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {intrase n dizgra\uc1\u355Xia lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol
al II-lea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a}
{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {camarilei sale nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1934, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd a dezv\uc1\u259Xluit deturnarea
}\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unor fonduri
destinate ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii na\uc1\u355Xionale. La sfrsitul lunii }\par\
pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {1940, generalul adresase }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui o
scrisoare, prin care se }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {declara mpotriva ced\uc1\u259Xrii Basarabiei si nordului Bucovinei, }\p
ar\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oferindu-se s\uc1\
u259X salveze }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xce mai este cu putin\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X de salvat, }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {din Coroan\uc1\u259X, din ordine si din grani\uc1\u355Xe"', }
\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el cerea suveranului }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X nu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{mai asculte de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222X}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {for\uc1\u355Xele oculte" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xne-an }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
adus unde ne }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {g\uc1\u259Xsim". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Drept }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspuns, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea a de
cis internarea generalului }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Ion Antonescu la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259X
stirea Bistri\uc1\u355Xa (jude\uc1\u355Xul Vlcea).}\par\pard\li7906\ri0\sl-440\sl
rscalex100 {n mprejur\uc1\u259Xrile de dup\uc1\u259X dictatul de la Viena, regele
a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuit s\u
c1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apeleze la Ion Antonescu, deoarece
acesta se bucura de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ncrederea armatei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a principalelor
partide politice, n acelasi }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {timp, generalul nu se d\uc1\u259Xdea n l\uc1\u259Xturi din f
a\uc1\u355Xa greut\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind decis s\uc1\u259X-si asume r\uc1\u2
59Xspunderi personale pentru }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinerea fiin\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ei statale a Romniei si restabilirea ordinii publice.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Informat asupra hot\uc1\u259Xrrii regelui, l
uliu Maniu a avut o }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ntrevedere cu Ion Antonescu la Ploiesti, n cursul discu\uc1\u355Xiei, }\par\p
ard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cei doi au c\uc1\u259X
zut de acord s\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze pentru detronarea Iui }\par\pard\li2
840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea si fo}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rmarea unui guvern de uniune na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, n
}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zilele de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2-4 septembrie, Ion Antonescu a dus tratative }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {cu luliu Maniu, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c

f0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin I. C. Br\uc1\u259Xtianu si cu Horia
Sima, n vederea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {constituirii unui cabinet de \uc1\u8222Xuniune na\uc1\u355Xional
\uc1\u259X", n fapt, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {liderii na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti si
na\uc1\u355Xional-liberali nu doreau s\uc1\u259X-si }\par\pard\li2840\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx6693\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asume r\uc1\u259Xspundere
a conducerii}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii n as
emenea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mprejur\u
c1\u259Xri dramatice, urm\uc1\u259Xrind s\uc1\u259X-1 determine pe }\p
ar\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul Ion Anto
nescu s\uc1\u259X preia sarcina de a redresa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- att
}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct era posi
bil }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acele mprejur\uc1\u259Xri }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xia. luliu Maniu
si }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C.I.C. Br
\uc1\u259Xtianu au adoptat tactica tergivers\uc1\u259Xrilor, cerndu-i }\par\pard
\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Ion Antonescu ca mai n
ti s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abdicarea lu
i Caro! al II-}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l
ea. La 3 septembrie, legionarii au ntreprins o serie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de atacuri armate }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {mpotriva autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor de stat, a unor unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i militare, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {soldat
e }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu mor\uc1\u3
55Xi si r\uc1\u259Xni\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {La 4 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie, generalul
Ion Antonescu a fost }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea cu constituirea unui nou guvern. }\par\pard\li2813\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Informndu-1 pe ministrul german Fa
bricius asupra misiunii }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {si a planurilor sale, acesta 1-a \uc1\u8222Xsf\uc1\u259Xtuit", n}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { numele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reich-ului, }\par\pa
rd\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X-si asume
puteri depline, s\uc1\u259X nl\uc1\u259Xture camarila si s\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xi
oneze pentru detronarea monarhului. La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, }\par\pard\
li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Antonescu a ceru
t asigurarea \uc1\u8222Xgaran\uc1\u355Xiilor" date }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei de Germania si Italia la }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 august 1940 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si s-a ar\u
c1\u259Xtat }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dis
pus s\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze pentru adncirea rela\uc1\u355Xiilor
economice }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn
o-germane. n urma acestor discu\uc1\u355Xii, ministrul }\par\pard\li281
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fabricius telegrafia la }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Berlin: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XCr
ed c\uc1\u259X n persoana lui }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Antonescu) am g\uc1\u259Xsit un om n fiitntea guver
nului romn, }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{care este ferm hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u259X execute important}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {ele noastre cereri }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {aici".}\i0 \par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Antonescu i-a pretins lui Carol al II-lea,
n seara zilei de 4 }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {septembrie, s\uc1\u259X-i acorde }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{puteri depline. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X multe ezi
t\uc1\u259Xri, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dndu-si seama c\uc1\u259X nu mai avea pe cine s\uc1\u259X se s

prijine }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru
a opune rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, regele 1-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {nvestit, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n diminea\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2
826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zilei de }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {5 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie, pe Ion Antonescu cu \uc1
\u8222Xdepline puteri }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {pentru conducerea statului romn", n aceeasi zi a fost }\par
\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspendat\uc1\u259X
Constitu\uc1\u355Xia si au fost dizolvate Corpurile }\par\pard\li282
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legiuitoare. Prin aceste
decrete se punea de fapt cap\uc1\u259Xt }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1
0 februarie 1938.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2266\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In sea
ra zilei de 5 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie, Ion Antonescu i-a cer
ut }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui s\
uc1\u259X abdice, n\uc1\u355Xelegnd c\uc1\u259X partida era iremediabil
}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierdut\uc1\u2
59X, n diminea\uc1\u355Xa zilei de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 septembrie, Car
ol al II-lea semnat }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {un }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Apel c\uc1\u259Xtre \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259
X }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care anun\uc1\u355Xa c\uc1\u259X a trecu
t asupra fiului }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{s\uc1\u259Xu \uc1\u8222Xgrelele sarcini ale domniei", n aceeasi zi, principele }
\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mostenitor Mihai
a depus jur\uc1\u259Xmntul n calitate de rege, }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurndu-se astfel men\uc1\u355Xinerea institu\uc
1\u355Xiei monarhice.}\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Printr-un nou decret, semnat de regele Mihai, Ion Antonescu era }\par\pard
\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rinvestit eu }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdrepturi depline". Regele r\uc1\u259Xmnea c
u }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259X
toarele prerogative: era capul ostirii; avea dreptul de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a bate moned\uc1\u259X; conferea decor
a\uc1\u355Xiile romne; primea si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {acredita ambasadorii si ministrii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {plenipo}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ten\uc1\u355Xiari; numea pe }\par\pard\l
i1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul ministru, ns\uc1\u259
Xrcinat cu depline puteri; avea drept de }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amnistie si gra\uc1\u355Xiere. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {6 septembrie 1940, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul politic din }
\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia intra ntr-o
nou\uc1\u259X etap\uc1\u259X a evolu\uc1\u355Xiei sale, n care }\par\pard\li1720
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {figura dominant\uc1\u259X }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era generalul Ion Antonescu.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5. ROMANIA IN }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {AN
II CELUI DE-AL DOILEA }\b0 \par\pard\li5613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {R\uc1\u258XZBOI }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {MONDIAL}\b0 \par
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {a) Evolu\uc1\u355Xia regimului politic n perioada }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {1940-1944}\b0 \par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n ziua de 14 septembrie 1940 s-a format un guvern din antonescieni

}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si legionari, i
ar Romnia a fost proclamat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {stat na\uc1\u
355X}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ional-}\b0 \par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {legionar. Ion}\b0 \par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu era presedintele Consiliul
ui de Ministri si }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului, iar Horia Sima de\uc1\u355Xine
a func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {vicepresedinte al Consiliului de Ministri si de sef al Misc\uc1\u259X
rii }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legionare,
unica organiza\uc1\u355Xie politic\uc1\u259X legal\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3520\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cali
tatea pe care o de\uc1\u355Xinea, Antonescu a concentrat }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n minile sale atributele esen\uc1\u355X
iale ale puterii politice. El }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {avea dreptul de ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X legislativ\uc1\u259
X, de a numi membrii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {guvernului si de a angaja statul pe plan extern. Ca urmare }\par\pard\li30
00\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a dizolv\uc1\u259Xrii parl
amentului si a restrngerii atribu\uc1\u355Xiilor }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regale, practic, el nu r\uc1\u2
59Xspundea n fa\uc1\u355Xa nim\uc1\u259Xnui pentru }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {actele sale de politic\uc1\u259X int
ern\uc1\u259X si extern\uc1\u259X. Generalul ar fi }\par\pard\li3000\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dorit un guvern de uniune
na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, n care s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li3000\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentate toate partidele, ndeose
bi P.N.\uc1\u354X. si P.N}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.L. }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luliu Maniu si Constantin I.C.Br\uc1\
u259Xtianu au decis s\uc1\u259X-i acorde }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijin pentru nl\uc1\u259Xturarea lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea, dar au refuzat }\p
ar\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fac\uc
1\u259X parte din guvern, invocnd absen\uc1\u355Xa fundamentului }\par\pard\li300
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratic.}\par\pard\li3506\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, ncepea un regim de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {dictatur\uc1\u259X antonesciano-}\b0 \par\pard\
li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4306\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {legionar\uc1\u2
59X}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(avnd concursul Germaniei), cu t
r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xturi }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {specifice: excluderea separa\uc1\u355Xiei puterilor n stat, anularea
}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {libert\uc1\u25
9X\uc1\u355Xilor si drepturilor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenesti, desfiin\u
c1\u355Xarea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in
stitu\uc1\u355Xiilor fondate de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al Il-lea
, conducerea prin decrete-}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {legi, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncurajarea na\uc1\u355Xionali
smului si antisemitismului. }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Legionarii, participnd la guvernare, si-au creat ins
titu\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{proprii, care de fapt le dublau pe cele ale statului (poli\uc1\u355Xie, }\par\
pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tribunale, for\uc1\u3
55Xe paramilitare); ei nu ezitau s\uc1\u259X contracareze }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unele decizii luate de Antonescu pe p
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lan politic si economic, fapt ce }\par\pard\li3000\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a creat n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X o
stare de agita\uc1\u355Xie si de confuzie.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Totodat\uc1\u259X, ei urm\uc1\u259Xreau s\uc1\
u259X-si sporeasc\uc1\u259X num\uc1\u259Xrul de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simpatizan\uc1\u355Xi, folosind diverse

modalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {populiste: ceremonii
}\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publice, n memo
ria legionarilor ucisi n anii 1938-1939, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagan
da }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin pres\uc
1\u259X si radio, editarea}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
{si difuzarea unor calendare, c\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi, brosuri prin
care erau }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
prosl\uc1\u259Xvite legiunea si c\uc1\u259Xpitanul, nfiin\uc1\u355Xarea n
cartierele }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
uncitoresti a unor magazine si cantine legionare, }\par\pard\li2000\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promisiuni de m\uc1\u259Xrire
a salariilor si de mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xire a }\par\par
d\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xiilor de
munc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curnd dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{14 septembrie 1940 s-a ajuns la o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {confrunta
re }\b0 \par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalele for\uc1\u355Xe aflate la guvernar
e: gruparea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
ntonescian\uc1\u259X, care dorea respectarea legilor n vigoare si }\par\pard\li19
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luarea unor m\uc1\u259Xsur
i pe cale juridic\uc1\u259X mpotriva celor }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vinova\uc1\u355Xi de \uc1\u8222Xdezastrul \u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii", si gruparea condus\uc1\u259X de Horia }\par\pard\li1986\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sima, care urm\uc1\u259Xrea
construirea unui stat dup\uc1\u259X modelul }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teoretic (ideologic) preconizat de
legionari, ruperea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {complet\uc1\u259X cu trecutul, venirea legionarilor la putere
fiind }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consider
at\uc1\u259X o \uc1\u8222Xpiatr\uc1\u259X de hotar" n istoria Romniei.}\par\pard\l
i2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Confruntarea dintre cel
e dou\uc1\u259X grup\uc1\u259Xri a devenit }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {public\uc1\u259X dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {27 noiembrie 1940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca urmare
a asasin\uc1\u259Xrii de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre legionari a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {64 }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xinu\uc1\u355Xi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
olitici la nchisoarea Jilava, precum si }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a profesorilor universitari Nicolae lorga si Virgil Madg
earu.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru a c
larifica situa\uc1\u355Xia din Romnia, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adolf Hitler
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i-a }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {invitat n Germania pe Ion Antonescu si pe Hor
ia Sima. }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sefu
l Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare nu a dat curs invita\uc1\u355Xiei, r\uc1\u259Xmnnd }
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n \uc1\u355Xar\uc
1\u259X pentru a preg\uc1\u259Xti nl\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turare
a lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu. n cadrul }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u355Xiei cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Hitler, din 14 ianuarie 1941, generalul a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{f\uc1\u259Xcut un amplu }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {rechizitoriu mpotriva Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare, care crea
se o }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stare d
e tensiune n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X; la rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, fuhrer-ul i-a dat
}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mn\uc1\u259X l
iber\uc1\u259X lui Antonescu, n vedere}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a re

stabilirii ordinii n }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Romnia.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
zilele de 21-23 ianuarie 1941, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legionarii, dornic
i s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga putere n stat, au organizat o rebeliune, atacnd }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si ocupnd institu\
uc1\u355Xii administrative, sec\uc1\u355Xii de poli\uc1\u355Xie, centre }\par\pa
rd\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de comunica\uc1\u355Xie
. Au fost devastate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.400 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {imobile si institu\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost omorte }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {374 persoane (
dintre care 118 evrei si 74 militari). }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Valoarea pagubelor nsuma un miliard de lei.}\par\pard
\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Generalul Antonescu,
avnd acordul Berlinului, a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {recurs la armat\uc1\u259X si a nfrnt rebeliunea legionar\uc1\u259
X, a arestat }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ci
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rca 8.000 de rebeli, care au fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {condamna\uc1\u355Xi la diferite pedepse. }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {700}{ }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de legionari, n frunte cu Horia Sima, s-au refugiat }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Germania, fiind
apoi folosi\uc1\u355Xi de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler ca mijloc de }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {santaj n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {raporturile cu Ion Antonescu. Dup\uc1\u259X evenimen
tele din }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ianu
arie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1941, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miscarea
Legionar\uc1\u259X a fost scoas\uc1\u259X n afara }\par\pard\li1960\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legii.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 27 ianuarie 1941, Antonescu a format
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {un nou guvern, din }\b0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {militari si tehnicieni, }\b0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {avnd ca obiective principale asigurarea ordinii }\par\pard\l
i1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publice si administrare
a eficient\uc1\u259X a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ri
i. Ion Antonescu a }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {instaurat un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {regim totalitar, }\b
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului }\par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xinea puter
ea legislativ\uc1\u259X,}\par\pard\li8013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {91}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
cf0\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executiv\uc1\
u259X si controla justi\uc1\u355Xia; el conducea prin decrete-}\pa
r\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legi, numea sau
concedia orice func\uc1\u355Xionar al statului, }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xia sau modifi}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca legile, dirija }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politi
ca extern\uc1\u259X. Spre }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {deosebire de regimurile fasciste, acesta nu avea o}{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ideologie si }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {nu se baza pe un partid politic.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un accent deosebit era pus pe ordinea
si siguran\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {public\uc1\u259X, esen\uc1\u355Xiale pentru existen\uc1\u355Xa socie
t\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii; era ignorat rolul }\par\pa
rd\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politicienilor si al pa
rtidelor, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp ce armata si aparatul de
}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {siguran\uc1\u3

55X\uc1\u259X erau folosite ca importante instrumente n }\par\pard\li2
906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea statului. Autorita
ra guvernare antonescian\uc1\u259X s-}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a reflectat la toate nivelurile administra\uc1\u3
55Xiei; n teritoriu, }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {prefec\uc1\u355Xii aveau putere absolut\uc1\u259X si executau
dispozi\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {primite de la guvern.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Antonescu a minimalizat institu\uc1\u355Xia monarhic\uc1
\u259X, }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socotin
du-1 pe regele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai I doar un simbol si
lipsindu-1 de }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dreptul de a se implica n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea \uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xrii. Omul num\uc1\u259Xrul doi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard
\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat era profesorul
Mihai Antonescu, vicepresedinte al Consiliului de }\par\pard\li2906\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ministri si ministru al afacerilor
externe.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe pl
an intern au fost luate o serie de m\uc1\u259Xsuri: }\par\pard\l
i2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militarizarea ntreprinderi
lor, controlul statului asupra }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economiei, interzicerea organiza\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {iilor politice si sindicale.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regimul antonescian a promovat o }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {politic\uc1\u259X antisemit\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \par\pard\li289
3\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xionnd }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {mai ales mpotriva evreilor din Basarabia si Bucovina, pe }\par\par
d\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care i acuza }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de comunism. S-au nregistrat adev\uc1\u259Xrate }\p
ar\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pogromuri (Iasi,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Odessa). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comisia
interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { pentru }\par\pard
\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {studiul holocaustului n Ro
mnia nu a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putut stabili num\uc1\u259Xrul de }\par\p
ard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mor\uc1\u355Xi, dar a
apreciat, n raportul s\uc1\u259Xu publicat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 2005, }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xn Romnia si n teritoriile aflate sub controlul s
\uc1\u259Xu au fost }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ucisi sau au murit ntre 280.000 si 380.000 de evrei romni si ucrainieni. }\pa
r\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n holocaust au pieri
t si aproximativ 135.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de evrei romni care }\par\
pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tr\uc1\u259Xiau n T
ransilvania de nord, aflat\uc1\u259X sub conducere }\par\pard\li2893\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maghiar\uc1\u259X, precum si }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de evrei romni care s
e aflau }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atunci n
alte \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri din Europa". Se cuvine men\uc1\u355Xionat faptul }\
par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X Ion
Antonescu nu a admis \uc1\u8222Xsolu\uc1\u355Xia final\uc1\u259X" }
\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(exterminarea tu
turor evreilor) cerut\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Hitler.}\par\par
d\li3400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Principalii lideri ai op
ozi\uc1\u355Xiei, luliu Maniu si Constantin }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, erau supraveghea\uc1\u355Xi,
dar mpotriva lor nu s-au }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {luat m\uc1\u259Xsuri coercitive. Ion }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anto
nescu a avut}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { repetate ntlniri cu }\par\pard\li2893\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderii na\uc1\u355Xionali-\uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesti si liberali, a purtat cu ei o bogat\uc1\u259X }\pa

r\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coresponden\uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259X privind problemele esen\uc1\u355Xiale ale Romniei.}\par\pard\li3400\
ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {b) Eliberarea Basarabiei si nor
dului Bucovinei. }\b0 \par\pard\li3640\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {Continuarea r\uc1\u259Xzboiului n Est}\b0 \par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-306\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Principalul obiectiv al politicii}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { externe promovate de Ion }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu a fost refacerea grani\
uc1\u355Xei de R\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, n }
\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cadrul ntlnirii cu
Hit!er, din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 92}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgw
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie 1941, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul An
tonescu, informat de hot\uc1\u259Xrrea }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei de a ncepe r\uc1\u259Xzboiul mpotr
iva Uniunii }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
ovietice, a decis ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X participe la acest r\uc1\u259Xzboi.}\par\
pard\li2533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 22 iunie 1941, }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul Antonescu a dat ordinul de }\par\pard\li2000
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zi c\uc1\u259Xtre armat\uc1\u259
X, n vederea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {luptei pentru eliberarea teritoriilor
}\b0 \par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ocupate
de }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n urm\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { cu un an. Pe fr
ontul din }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moldo
va erau dislocate trei armate, totaliznd un efectiv de 314. 253
}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militari, si
anume: Armata a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {11-a german\uc1\u259X,
aflat\uc1\u259X sub }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {conducerea generalului Eugen von Schobert; Armata a 3-a }\par\pard\li2000
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X, aflat\uc1\u259X s
ub comanda generalului Petre Dumit}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rescu; }\par\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armata a 4-a romn\uc
1\u259X, sub comanda generalului Nicolae }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ciuperc\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Intre 22 iunie si l iulie 1941, }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunile militare s-au redus }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la incursiuni realizate de trup
ele germane si romne n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {vederea preg\uc1\u259Xtirii pentru ofensiva hot\uc1\u259Xrtoare. L
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie, }\par\par
d\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armata a 11 -a german\uc
1\u259X a for\uc1\u355Xat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prutul, iar la 7 }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie a ajuns }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {pe Nistru si la Moghilev. Armata a 3-a romn\u
c1\u259X a primit }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ordinul de a organiza ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de eliberare a nor
dului }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovinei
. Atacul a, fost declansat la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {iulie, peste dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zile, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5 iulie, a
fost eliberat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orasul Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355
Xi, iar la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iul
ie }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hotinul. Arm
ata a 4-a romn\uc1\u259X a ac\uc1\u355Xionat n centrul si sudul }\par\pard\li1986\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basarabiei. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {16 iulie 1941, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupele romne au
intrat n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ch

isin\uc1\u259Xu. In ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {iulie a fost eliberat ultimul punct }\par\pard\li1986\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xinut de c\uc1\u25
9Xtre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietici pe malul drept al Nistru
lui - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orasul }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cetatea Alb\uc1\u259X. Astfel, teritoriile romnesti
r\uc1\u259Xpite }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de U.R.S.S. n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie 1940 au fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {reintegrate }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n grani\uc1\u355Xel
e Romniei, n luptele }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {pentru eliberarea Basarabiei, a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xii de nord a Bucovine
i }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a \uc1
\u355Xinutului Her\uc1\u355Xa, for\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ele
terestre romne au nregistrat 4.112 }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mor\uc1\u355Xi, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12.129
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xni\uc1\u355Xi,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {5.506 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disp\uc1\u259Xru\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\pard\
li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 21 august 1941, gen
eralul Antonescu a fost avansat de regele }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai la gradul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {mar
esal; }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, regele primise aces
t }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grad din}{ }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partea lui Antonescu la 10 mai 1941.}\par\pard\li2493
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n timpul retragerii din nordul Bu
covinei si din Basarabia, sovieticii }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au provocat imense distrugeri de bunuri materiale si spiri
tuale. Dezastrul }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{din cele dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xinuturi p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsite
de rusi era impresionant: }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {cmpuri paraginile, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nici o ntrep
rindere n stare de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xionare, }\pa
r\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {firele telefonice
distruse, sosele impracticabile, fntni }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {otr\uc1\u259Xvite, c\uc1\u259Xi ferate arate cu p
luguri speciale pentru a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {li se }\par\pard\li1973\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {distruge terasamentele, scoli pust
ii, biserici fumegnde.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Ion Antonescu voia s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X din Basarabia o provincie }\p
ar\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {model. O }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {cu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nostea bine, c\uc1\u259Xci na
inte de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\
u355Xinuse aici }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{func\uc1\u355Xii importante pe linie militar\uc1\u259X. La }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {29 iunie 1941, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului a semnat decretul-le
ge cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privire la }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {organizarea Basarabiei si Bucovinei, }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n concep\uc1\u355Xia guvernan\uc1\u355Xilor}\par\pard
\li8040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {93}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Bucuresti, se }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {constituiau dou\uc1\u259X provincii separate; ele }\par\pard\li28
53\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmau s\uc1\u259X fie adminis
trate direct de guvern si subordonate }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorului statului; aveau }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {buget propriu; erau conduse de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cte un guvernator, care reprezenta
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autoritatea suprem\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li285

3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {provinciei respective.}\par\par
d\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Administra\uc1\u355Xia
romneasc\uc1\u259X s-a instalat la Chisin\uc1\u259Xu n }\par\pard\li282
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {20 iulie 1941. Prin decretul din 4 septembrie 1941, generalul }\pa
r\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin Voicules
cu a fost numit guvernator al Basarabiei, iar generalul }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corneliu Calotescu guvernator al Bucovi
nei. Guvernatorul e}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ra nvestit }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu atribu\uc1\u355Xii att civile, }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct si militare, n subordinea sa se afla un }\par\pard\li
2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secretar general, care dirij
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {practic ntreaga echip\uc1\u259X executiv\uc1\u259X
. }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fiecare secto
r era condus de un Directorat, care rezolva }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problemele curente si era structurat pe urm\uc1\u2
59X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toarele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sec\uc1\u35
5Xiuni: }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Afaceri
, Administra\uc1\u355Xie, Finan\uc1\u355Xe, Agricultur\uc1\u259X si Do
menii, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Economie
Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt si Culte
. Basarabia era }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xit\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jude\uc1\u355Xe: B\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u355Xi, Cetatea
Alb\uc1\u259X, Cahul, Chilia, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Ismail, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L\uc1\u259Xpusna, Orhe
i, Soroca, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tighina. Bucovina forma un tot
}\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unit}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ar si cuprindea ini\uc1\u355Xial jude\uc1\u355Xele: Cm
pulung, Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi, Storojine\uc1\u355X,
la care s-a ad\uc1\u259Xugat apoi Hotinul din }\par\pard\li2826\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basarabia. Jude\uc1\u355Xele e
rau administrate de prefec\uc1\u355Xi, iar }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plasele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de prim-pretori. Plasa era celul\uc1\u259X administrativ
\uc1\u259X, iar }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{comuna }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {persoan\uc
1\u259X juridic\uc1\u259X, cu buget propriu. Att }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prefectul, ct si prim-pretorul trebuia
u s\uc1\u259X fie titra\uc1\u355Xi (s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {studii universitare).}\par\pard\l
i3360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin acelasi decret-lege di
n 4 septembrie 1941, guvernul romn a }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anulat efectele ucazului sovietic din 8 marti
e 1941, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel c\uc1\u259X to\uc1\u355Xi }\pa
r\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuitorii Basara
biei si nordului Bucovinei si-au rec\uc1\u259Xp\uc1\u259Xtat }\par\par
d\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xe
nia romn\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Au urmat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {reconstruc\uc1\u355Xia Basarabie
i si nordului }\b0 \par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {Bucovinei, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vindecarea r\uc1\u259Xnilor
ocupa\uc1\u355Xiei si ale r\uc1\u259Xzboiului. O }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aten\uc1\u355Xie deosebit\uc1\u259X a fost ac
ordat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agriculturii, n toamna anului }\par\
pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1941 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {s-au ns\uc1\u259Xmn\uc1\u355Xat aproape toate suprafe\uc1\u355Xele ar
abile si }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au e
fectuat lucr\uc1\u259Xri de ndiguire a ostroavelor Dun\uc1\u259Xrii. S-au }\par\p

ard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luat m\uc1\u259Xsuri n
vederea cresterii num\uc1\u259Xrului de animale, n }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domeniul industriei s-au ntreprins ac\uc1\u35
5Xiuni care s\uc1\u259X asigure }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {relansarea produc\uc1\u355Xie}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i,
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decursul celor trei ani de }\par\pard\l
i2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administra\uc1\u355Xie ro
mneasc\uc1\u259X, prin eforturile conjugate ale }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {localnicilor si specialistilor din patria
-mam\uc1\u259X, se refacuser\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si, n bun\uc1\u259X parte, se modernizaser\uc1\u259X, cu
utilaje germane, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1.037 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi industriale, cu
o capacitate de cel pu\uc1\u355Xin cinci }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cai-putere si avnd minimum zece lucr\uc1\u259Xtori.}\p
ar\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernatorul Bas
arabiei a luat m\uc1\u259Xsuri pentru a }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {redresa via\uc1\u355Xa comercial\uc1\u259
X. In domeniul finan\uc1\u355Xelor s-a }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aplicat un regim de nlesnire a pl\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {taxelor si impozitelor, n }\par\pard\li2826\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scopul refacerii factorilor produ
ctivi. S-au reparat 94}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
lsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dr
umurile si podurile, introducndu-se mijloace ct de ct moderne de }\par\pard\li2026\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transport.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt
a fost reconstruit\uc1\u259X si sprijinit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2026
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re\uc1\u355Xeaua de scoli na\uc1
\u355Xionale, n septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1941, n Bas}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {arabia }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {func\uc1\u355Xionau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 de licee teoretice cu
6.740 locuri, 39 de scoli practice cu }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8.160 locuri si 2.266 scoli primare.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin decretul din 19 august 1
941, regiunea dintre Nistru si Bug }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {(Transnistria) }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
ra pus\uc1\u259X sub administra\uc1\u355Xie civil\uc1\u259X romneasc\uc1\u259X. }
\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernator }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {al }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transnistriei a fo
st numit profesorul universitar Gheorghe }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexianu. S-au purtat tratative germano-romne
privind administrarea }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {acestui teritoriu. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germanii doreau
ca frontiera de nord a }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Transnistriei s\uc1\u259X urmeze linia Moghilev-Iampol-Rbni\uc1
\u355Xa. Dar }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {An
tonescu a cerut si a ob\uc1\u355Xinut o linie mai avansat\uc1\u259X: Hotin-}\par
\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vasiliu\uc1\u355Xi-Rb
ni\uc1\u355Xa (cu orasele Moghilev si lampol). }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului nu urm\
uc1\u259Xrea anexarea Transnistriei la }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, ci }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doar crearea
unui teritoriu - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tampon ntre spa\uc1\u355
Xiul }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc si
cel rusesc }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ucrainean).}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 30 august 1941, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {la Tighina, s-a semnat o conven\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-25

3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romno-german\uc1\u259X privind asigurar
ea, administrarea si }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {exploatarea economic\uc1\u259X a teritoriului dintre Nistru si }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bug. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transnistria, c\uc1\u259Xile ferat
e erau puse sub conducerea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {comandamentului german. Dup\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 { ocuparea Odessei, Romnia a }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncercat o reconstruc\uc1\u355Xie a Transnistriei. Ace
asta urma s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {populat\uc1\u259X cu romni afla\uc1\u355Xi n enclavele din
Ucraina, }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crim
eea, Caucaz (cei mai mul\uc1\u355Xi deporta\uc1\u355Xi anterior din
}\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basarabia de s
ovietici).}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Tran
snistria au fost evacua\uc1\u355Xi n}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {umerosi evrei,
mai ales }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din B
asarabia si Bucovina, care au murit n timpul holocaustului }\par\
pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(octombrie 1941 -octo
mbrie 1942).}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cnd
trupele sovietice de tancuri au rupt frontul n nordul }\par\par
d\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transnistriei, n ianuarie
1944, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administra\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s-a retras }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din acest }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriu, f\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a mai lua leg\uc1\u259Xtura cu comandamentul }\par\pard\li1960
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {german.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Continuarea r\uc1\u259Xzboiului n
Est. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X eliberarea }\par\pard\li
1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basarabiei, nordului Buco
vinei si a \uc1\u355Xinutului Her\uc1\u355Xa, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armata romn\uc1\u259X a participat la }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luptele din Crimeea, reusind ca n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie 1941 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {s\uc1\u259X cucereasc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Odessa,
n toamna anului 1941, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Antonescu a retras armata de pe front, considernd c\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obiect
ivul urm\uc1\u259Xrit (revenirea Ia patria-mam\uc1\u259X a teritorii
lor }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierdute n i
unie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940) a fost atins. La 8 noiembrie 1941 s-a or
ganizat }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trecere
a armatei pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sub Arcul de Triumf din Bucuresti, fa
pt ce }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnifica
ncheierea particip\uc1\u259Xrii Romniei la r\uc1\u259Xzboi.}\par\pard\li8000\ri0\
lex100 {95}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
f0\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259X, l
a solicitarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Hitler, Ion }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Antonescu a decis s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continue }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzb
oiul, naintarea trupelor romne dincolo de }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nistru a f\uc1\u259Xcut ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X
ajung\uc1\u259X n stare de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {r\uc1\u259Xzboi cu }\
b0 \par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {statele coa
li\uc1\u355Xiei Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor Unite: }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mar
ea Britanic (decembrie }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1941) si S.U.A. (iunie 1942). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au urmat

marile opera\uc1\u355Xii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare din }\par\pard\l
i2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crimeea (octombrie 1941
-iunie 1942), Stalingrad (iulie 1942-februarie }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1943), Caucaz (august 1942}\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {-prim\uc1\u259Xvara lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1943), Cuban (
1943-1944), }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cri
meea (octombrie 1943-mai 1944) s.a. n 1943, din cei un milion }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {militari romni afla\uc1\u355Xi pe front, aproape jum\uc1\u259Xta
te au c\uc1\u259Xzut }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {mor\uc1\u355Xi, r\uc1\u259Xni\uc1\u355Xi sau }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {prizonieri. Spulberarea mitului i}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nvi
ncibilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {germane, evident\uc1\u259X nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {1942, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a tensionat rela\uc1\u355
Xiile }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romno-germ
ane si a amplificat pagubele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materiale s
i }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierderile um
ane. Dezastrul de la Stalingrad 1-a convins pe }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A
ntonescu }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\
u259X Germania nu dispunea de mijloace pentru a nfrnge }\par\pard\
li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X
si c\uc1\u259X trebuia g\uc1\u259Xsite solu\uc1\u355Xii pentru salvarea }\par\p
ard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, ncepnd cu prim\u
c1\u259Xvara anului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1943, el 1-a autorizat pe }\par
\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai Antonescu, car
e ndeplinea (din iunie 1941 ) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe lng\uc1\u259X func\u
c1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
inistru de externe si pe cea de prim-ministru interimar, s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\
li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dema}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {reze contacte cu puterile occidentale.}\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu stirea lui Ion Antonescu, ministrul de externe
Mihai Antonescu a }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {negociat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ncheierea p\uc1\u259Xcii separate
cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite, }\b0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sondnd terenul la Berna, Stockholm, }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Vatican, Lisabona, Madrid, }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ankara, Cairo. La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, liderul opo
zi\uc1\u355Xiei democrate, luliu }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Maniu, a adresat memorii n acelasi scop Londrei si a ini\uc1\u
355Xiat }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratati
ve care s-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat n capitalele unor \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri neutre.
}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acestea nu s-a
u finalizat cu rezultate concrete, deoarece S.U.A. si Marea }\par\pard\li2693\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Britanic hot\uc1\u259Xrser\uc1\u25
9X la}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Casablanca, n ianuarie 1943, }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X impun\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei si alia\uc1\u355Xilor ei formula \
uc1\u8222Xcapitul\uc1\u259Xrii necondi\uc1\u355Xionate". }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, guvernele d
e la Londra si Washington au }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {decis s\uc1\u259X nu poarte discu\uc1\u355Xii separate cu Germani
a si cu alia\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ei, ci s\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze de comun acord cu
Kremlinul. La }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {conferin\uc1\u355Xele de la Moscova si Teheran din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {1943 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a convenit }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra sferelor de influen\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259X care reveneau S.U.A., Marii }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Britanii si Uniunii Sovietice, n privin\u

c1\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, cuvntul }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decisiv l avea guvernul sovietic.}\par\
pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n martie 1944, trupele
sovietice au ajuns la Nistru, iar n aprilie au }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xtruns n nordul Moldovei. Pn\uc1
\u259X la acea dat\uc1\u259X, armata }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X pierduse }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {600.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de oameni, iar pericolul }\par\
pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transform\uc1\u259Xri
i \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii n teatru de r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{devenise iminent, n aprilie }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {1944, U.R.S.S. a transmis guvernului romn }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {condi\uc1\u355Xiile de }\b0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {armisti\uc1\u355Xiu, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {care prevedeau: iesirea Romniei din r\uc1\u259Xzboi, }\par\pard\
li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntoarcerea armelor mpotriva
Germaniei, acceptarea frontierelor estice din }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie 1940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eliber
area prizonierilor si plata unor desp\uc1\u259Xgubiri }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de r\uc1\u259Xzboi. }\fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Dictatul de la Viena era considerat nedrept, iar Moscov
a }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promitea ajut
or 96}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
r\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru eliberarea
p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xii de nord-vest a Transilvaniei }\par\pard\li19
06\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(anexat\uc1\u259X de Ungaria).
Antonescu a respins aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerndu-le inacceptabile. El a }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decis continuarea }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negocierilor cu sovieticii la Stockholm pentr
u }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ameliorarea }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xiilor de armisti\uc1\u355Xiu.}\par\p
ard\li2413\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c) }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {Actul de la 23 August 1944}\b0 \par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Soarta \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii i-a preocupat pe polit
icienii romni de la }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {guvernare si din opozi\uc1\u355Xie. Marile pierderi de pe fro
nt si }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agravar
ea situa\uc1\u355Xiei Romniei au determinat for\uc1\u355Xele din }\par
\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xie s\
uc1\u259X nu se limiteze doar la negocieri cu occidentalii, }\par\pard\li1880\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ci s\uc1\u259X se coalizeze pentru
a g\uc1\u259Xsi solu\uc1\u355Xii de salvare a situa\uc1\u355Xiei. }\par\pard\li1
880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In aprilie }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {1944, Partidul Social-Democrat si Partidul Comunist au }\
par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheiat un acor
d de Front Unic Muncitoresc. La 20 iunie 1944 s-a }\par\pard\li188
0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituit}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {Blocul National-Democrat,}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alc\uc
1\u259Xtuit din Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal, Partidul Social-Democrat si }\par\pard\li1
880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Comunist, n }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Decla}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ra\uc1\u355Xi
a }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnat\uc1\u259X de luliu Maniu, }\par
\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin I.C.Br\uc
1\u259Xtianu, Constantin-Titel Petrescu si Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu }\par\pard\li1880\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu se

ar\uc1\u259Xta c\uc1\u259X cele patru partide urm\uc1\u259Xreau: }\p
ar\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea armisti\u
c1\u355Xiului cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite, iesirea Romniei }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Ax\uc1\u259X, nl\uc1\u259Xturarea
regimului de dictatur\uc1\u259X, instaurarea unui }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regim democratic.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{20 iunie 1944, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre Blocul Na\uc1\u355Xional
Democrat si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce
rcurile Palatului s-au purtat intense discu\uc1\u355Xii privind }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modalit\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xile concrete de ac\uc1\u355Xiune si structura guvernului ce }\par\pard\li
1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urma s\uc1\u259X preia
conducerea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii dup\uc1\u259X nl\uc1\u259Xturarea lui
}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu.}\pa
r\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Declansarea ofensiv
ei sovietice pe frontul lasi-Chisinu la 20 august }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1944 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si activita
tea desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X de Ion Antonescu n acele }\par\pard\li1853\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mprejur\uc1\u259Xri au determinat
o profund\uc1\u259X preocupare din }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partea tuturor factorilor politici din opo
zi\uc1\u355Xie. Deoarece n }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {consf\uc1\u259Xtuirile avute se ajunsese la concluzia c\uc1\u259X
cea mai bun\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {solu\uc1\u355Xie era arestarea lui Ion Antonescu la Palatul Regal din }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti, au fost
luate m\uc1\u259Xsuri speciale: sporirea capacit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pa
rd\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de lupt\uc1\u259X a
batalionului de gard\uc1\u259X, introducerea n garajul }\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Palatului a dou\uc1\u259X pl
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {utoane de tancuri, gata de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {interven\uc1\u355Xie n cazul }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {unei ac\uc1\u355Xiuni a trupelor germane, formarea unei echipe
de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezerv\uc1
\u259X alc\uc1\u259Xtuite din militari apar\uc1\u355Xinnd g\uc1\u259Xrzii Palatul
ui cu }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {misiunea
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a-1 aresta
pe Antonescu, n eventualitatea c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {echipa preg\uc1\u259Xtit\uc1\u259X de Partidul}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comunist nu ar fi putut intra n Palat.}\par\pard\li2360\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n seara zilei de 20 august (ora
23), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele, aflat de dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zile la Sinaia, a urcat la v
olanul \uc1\u8222XLincoln"-ului s\uc1\u259Xu, pornind, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpreun\uc1\u259X cu Mircea lonni\uc1\u35
5Xiu, I.Mocsonyi-Styrcea, generalul }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Gh.Mihail si colonelul Emilian }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lonescu, spre Bucuresti. Ajuns la }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Palat, regele a participat la o reuniune}\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn6
13\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secret\uc1\u259X, la care erau prez
en\uc1\u355Xi luliu Maniu, Constantin }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, Constantin-Titel Petrescu,
Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u259Xtrscanu, }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grigore Niculescu-Buzesti, Constantin S\uc1\u259Xn\uc
1\u259Xtescu, Aurel }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Aldea, colonelul Dumitru D\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xceanu,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha

rscalex100 {loan }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mocsonyi-Styrcea }\par\pard\li2946
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si colonelul Emilian lones
cu, unde s-a discutat \uc1\u8222Xsitua\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2946\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legat\uc1\u259X de plecarea lui Anto
nescu pe front" si s-a stabilit ca }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea s\uc1\u259X fie declansat\uc1\u259X n ziua
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 august, n noaptea de }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21/22 august a avut loc la }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Palat o nou\uc1\u259X consf\uc1\u259Xtuire; au participat }\p
ar\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cei din noaptea pr
ecedent\uc1\u259X (mai pu\uc1\u355Xin Maniu, Br\uc1\u259Xtianu si }\par\pard\li
2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Petrescu), plus generalu
l Constantin Anton si }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {comandorul Nicolae Udri\uc1\u355Xki; cu acel prilej a
fost }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reconfirm
at\uc1\u259X data de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 august pentru }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xsturnarea lui }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu, dar nu a fost exclus\uc
1\u259X posibilitatea devans\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestei ac\uc1\u355Xiuni, optndu-se pentru ziua de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 august.}\par\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aflat pe front, Antonescu a dat ordin, la 22 august, ca
trupele romne }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
\uc1\u259X se retrag\uc1\u259X pe linia fortificat\uc1\u259X Focsani-N\uc1\u259X
moloasa-Br\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ila, }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a opri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{naintarea armatelor sovietice. In concep\uc1\u355Xia lui, }\par\pard\li2920\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilizarea frontului constituia \u
c1\u8222Xun atu" pentru negocierea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {si ncheierea armisti\uc1\u355Xiului, care trebuia s\
uc1\u259X asigure noul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {statut interna\uc1\u355Xional al Romniei. La rndul s\uc1\u
259Xu, Mihai }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Antonescu i-a comunicat ministrului plenipoten\uc1\u355Xiar al }\par\p
ard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Turciei n Romnia c\
uc1\u259X guvernul era decis s\uc1\u259X semneze }\par\pard\li2920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355Xiul cu Na\uc1\u
355Xiunile Unite. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {august, ministrul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {turc a transmis printr-o telegram\uc1\u259X la Ankara }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {comunicarea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {lui Mihai Antonescu: \uc1\u8222XAm asentimentul maresalului, al }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui si al }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sefilor tuturor partidelor de opozi\uc1\u355Xie. Rog
un r\uc1\u259Xspuns n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ore }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din p
artea guvernelor britanic si Statelor Unite la }\par\pard\li2920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele probleme: }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1) Vom trimite un delegat romn la }\par\par
d\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moscova pentru ncheiere
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355Xiului. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {2) Vom intra n contact cu }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {rusii si anglo-americanii n acelasi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {timp pentru a fixa condi\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355Xiului. }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {3) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vom discuta condi\uc1\u355Xiile
armisti\uc1\u355Xiului de la }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Cairo cu Alia\uc1\u355Xii. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4)
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedintele Consiliului de Ministri [ad-}\par\pard
\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interim] al Romniei dorest

e s\uc1\u259X stie care dintre aces}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {te trei }\par\pa
rd\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alternative ar }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {fi preferat\uc1\u259X de anglo-americani".}\par\pard\li3440
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte,
regele Mihai, sf\uc1\u259Xtuit de anturajul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu, a hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u25
9X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze decisiv. El dorea s\uc1\u259X-si asigure }\par\pard\li292
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cariera politic\uc1\u259X,
separndu-se de Antonescu. De }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, Mihai I era convins c\uc1\u259X, dac\uc1
\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { maresalul }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu ar fi reusit s\uc1\u259X nche
ie armisti\uc1\u355Xiul cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unite, d, suveranul Romniei, ar fi r\uc1\u25
9Xmas n acelasi con }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de umbr\uc1\u259X n care se afla dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {6 septembrie 1940. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li292
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {momentul n care Alia\uc1\u
355Xii 1-ar fi nl\uc1\u259Xturat pe Antonescu }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(pentru c\uc1\u259X l sus\uc1\u355X}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inuse pe Hitler), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele s-ar
fi aflat si el ntr-o }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {situa\uc1\u355Xie incert\uc1\u259X. De aceea, pentru rege era
vital s\uc1\u259X ia o }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X istoric\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2920
arscalex100 {98}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
s18\cf0\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n noaptea
de 22/23 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august a avut loc ultima consf\uc1\u259
Xtuire }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conspira
tiv\uc1\u259X a reprezentan\uc1\u355Xilor Blocului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {National-Democrat; }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu a cerut, }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n numele Partidului Comunist, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formarea unui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {guvern politic }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezidat de }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {luliu Maniu. Presedintele }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259Xnesc a acceptat, n principiu, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promi\uc1\u355Xnd s\uc1\u259X prezinte lista membr
ilor cabinetului a doua zi }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {diminea\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. S-a convenit ca ac\uc1\u355Xiun
ea de nl\uc1\u259Xturare a lui }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {loc \uc1\u8222Xct mai curnd", ceea ce nsemna }\par\pard\li
1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reconfirmarea datei de 26 au
gust, cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posibilitatea unei devans\uc1\u259Xri }\pa
r\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de dou\uc1\u259X
zile, n func\uc1\u355Xie de programul maresalului, ale }\par\pard\li
1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xrui deplas\uc1\u2
59Xri tr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ebuia, n continuare, supravegheate.}\par\par
d\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n zorii zilei de 23 a
ugust, luliu Maniu a avut o ntrevedere cu }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin-Titel Petrescu, Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u2
59Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu si Constantin }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Agiu, c\uc1\u259Xrora le-a exprimat opinia potrivit
c\uc1\u259Xreia era }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {preferabil ca armisti\uc1\u355Xiul s\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex

100 { fie semnat}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Antonescu; ct privea }\par\par
d\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lista guvernului, Maniu
a afirmat c\uc1\u259X nu o putea prezenta, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece de la consf\uc1\u259Xtuire lipsea
presedintele Partidului }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {National-Liberal, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar c\uc1\u259X
n cursul dimine\uc1\u355Xii avea s\uc1\u259X-1 }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntlneasc\uc1\u259X pe Constantin I.C.Br\uc
1\u259Xtianu. El a dat asigur\uc1\u259Xri c\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n dup\uc1\u259X-amiaza acelei zile, repre
zentan\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Comunist si }\par\par
d\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai Partidului Social-Dem
ocrat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau s\uc1\u259X primeasc\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u2
59Xspunsul cerut. }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Presedintele Partidului Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc
1-a vizitat ntr-adev\uc1\u259Xr }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {pe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, mpreun\uc1\u259X cu Constantin-Tit
el P}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etrescu, dar nu a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discutat lista }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {guvernului, ci necesitatea unui nou demers pe }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lng\uc1\u259X Antonescu }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {- care se ntorsese n seara zilei de 22 august de pe }\par\pard\li190
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {front - pentru a i se cere n mod
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imperativ ncheierea armisti\uc1\u355Xiului, }\par\p
ard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precizndu-i-se c\uc1\u2
59X opozi\uc1\u355Xia avea s\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-1}{ }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijine. Drept urmare, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu s-a deplasat la Snagov,
n jurul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orei 10, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde a pledat n sensul celor stabilite. Maresalu
l Antonescu }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a
declarat de acord, cu condi\uc1\u355Xia s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X as
entimentul }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scri
s al opozi\uc1\u355Xiei. Gheorghe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu a promis s\uc1\u259X-i aduc
\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\u
c1\u259X la ora }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {scrisori de garan\uc1\u355Xie semnate de Maniu si }\par\pard\li1906
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, presedin\uc1\
u355Xii celor dou\uc1\u259X partide istorice.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In sedin\uc1\u355Xa Consiliului de Ministri pe car
e a prezidat-o }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
acea diminea\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, maresalul Antonescu a anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1
\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {va }\b0 \par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pleca pe front, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n jurul orei 10,30, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el 1-a ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat p
e colonelul }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rad
u Davidescu, seful cabinetului s\uc1\u259Xu militar, s\uc1\u259X telefoneze }\pa
r\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Palat spre a cer
e o audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X pentru ora 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6; pest
e }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cteva }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minute, Mihai Antonescu a solicitat si el o
audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {personal\uc1\u259X si separat\uc1\u259X la rege, pentru ora }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15,30. n memoriile }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lor, colaboratorii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maresa
lului sus\uc1\u355Xin c\uc1\u259X acesta era ferm hot\uc1\u259Xrt }\par\pard\li18
93\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X comunice regelui nc
heierea armisti\uc1\u355Xiului.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Decizia maresalului de a pleca pe front a schimbat cu totul date
le }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {planului e

laborat. Nu se stia ct timp avea s\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xmn\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acolo si dac
\uc1\u259X se va}\par\pard\li7946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{99}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
pard\li2853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntoarce n Bucuresti pn\u
c1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {augus
t, cnd se hot\uc1\u259Xrse }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea decisiv\uc1\u259X, viznd scoaterea Romniei din r\uc1\u
259Xzboi.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc
1\u259X ce au aflat rezultatul misiunii lui Gheorghe }\par\pard\li
2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4133\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu,}
\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { presedin\uc1\u355Xii partidelor Na\uc1\u35
5Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal si Social-Democrat }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {s-au declarat de acord s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dea maresalului documentul s
cris cerut de acesta, n }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, Gheorghe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu ia comunicat lui Mihai }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Antonescu, cu cteva minute nainte de ora 15, }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X putea folosi }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest argument n audien\uc1\u355Xa pe care minis
trul de externe o }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {avea anun\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X la rege. Dar, n dup\uc1\u259X-amia
za zilei de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august, Constantin I.C.Br\uc1\u259Xtianu a ple
cat la conacul Florica }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {din Stef\uc1\u259Xnesti (Arges), iar Maniu a apreciat c\uc1\u259X nu era
nici o }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grab\uc
1\u259X, astfel c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xscrisoarea de garan\uc1\u355Xie
" cerut\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {maresalul Antonescu n-a mai fost redactat\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3360\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ce Ion Antone
scu s-a anun\uc1\u355Xat n audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2826\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele, mpreun\uc1\u259X cu g
eneralul Constantin S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul Aurel Aldea, Grigore Nic
ulescu-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Buzesti, loan }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mocsonyi-Styrcea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{si Mircea lonni\uc1\u355Xiu au discutat n leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu }\par\p
ard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atitudinea ce trebuia
adoptat\uc1\u259X, ntruct nu stiau motivul }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru care maresalul ceruse audien\uc1\u355Xa, s-a co
nvenit ca, n }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {caz
ul n care acesta ar fi exprimat hot\uc1\u259Xrrea de a ncheia }\par\pard\li2826\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355Xiul, regele s\uc1\u
259X-i cear\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X comunice imediat Alia\uc1\u355Xilor }\par\pard
\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decizia; dac\uc1\u259X
Ion Antonescu ar fi anun\uc1\u355Xat inten\uc1\u355Xia de a }\pa
r\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {continua r\uc1\u259
Xzboiul al\uc1\u259Xturi de Germania sau ar dori s\uc1\u259X cear\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncuviin\uc1\u355Xare
a prealabil\uc1\u259X a lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler, }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fie demis din func\uc1\u355Xia
sa si arestat, n acest scop, garda }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Palatului a fost pus\uc1\u259X n alarm\uc1\u259X;
ncepnd cu ora }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toat

e }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intr\uc1\u259
Xrile n Palat, mai pu\uc1\u355Xin cea din aripa Cre\uc1\u355Xulescu, pe }\par\par
d\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde urmau sa intre cei
doi Antonesti, au fost baricadate }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {si preg\uc1\u259Xtite pentai respingerea unui eventual atac
. Aceste }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\
u259Xsuri ar\uc1\u259Xtau limpede c\uc1\u259X, n fapt, }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {obiectivul fundamental al }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui Mihai era arestarea maresalului.}\par\pard\
li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Devansarea momentului
trecerii la re\uc1\u355Xinerea lui }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu a creat la Palat o stare de neliniste. De ac
eea, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin
S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu a fost ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat s\uc1\u259X discute cu lu
liu }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maniu, ia
r }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mocsonyi-Styrce
a cu Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu si }\par\pard\li2813
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin-Titel Petrescu. n juru
l orei 13, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C. S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu s-a ntlnit
}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu Maniu, care
a precizat c\uc1\u259X nu accepta s\uc1\u259X prezideze noul }\par\pard\li2813\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern si a repetat vechea argumen
ta\uc1\u355Xie. Astfel, dup\uc1\u259X luni }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de negocieri si zeci de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ntlniri nu se }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ajunsese la o formul\uc1\u259X de }\pa
r\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern care s\uc1\u
259X intre n func\uc1\u355Xiune n momentul arest\uc1\u259Xrii lui }\par\pard\li281
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu. Totul ncepea s\
uc1\u259X se deruleze sub semnul }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {improviza\uc1\u355Xiei si al deciziilor de moment.}\pa
r\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai Antonescu s-a
prezentat la Palat la ora 15,30, unde a avut o }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u355Xie cu regele, n cursul
c\uc1\u259Xreia a pledat pentru }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea armisti\uc1\u355Xiului cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {100}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
f0\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiu
nile Unite. Regele s-a mul\uc1\u355Xumit s\uc1\u259X asculte, dup\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care 1-a rugat s\uc
1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xmn\uc1\u259X si la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {audien\uc1\u
355Xa acordat\uc1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {maresalului.}\b0 \par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Conduc\uc1\u259Xtorul statului a sos}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{it la ora 16,05, fiind introdus n }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Salonul Galben; aici se aflau regele Mihai, ministrul de exte
rne Mihai }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anton
escu si}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul Constantin S\uc1\u259Xntescu, ma
resalul }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Palatul
ui. Asupra celor discutate s-au prezentat mai multe }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {variante. Regele avea s\uc1\u259X relateze:
\uc1\u8222XCa de obicei, Ion }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Antonescu a venit cu ntrziere. Am stat de vorb\uc1\u259X timp de }\
par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trei sferturi de
or\uc1\u259X despre situa\uc1\u355Xia politic\uc1\u259X. Nu eram singur, }\par\p
ard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n birou se afla un gene
ral dintre oamenii mei. Tonul }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u355Xiei a devenit iritant atunci cnd am abordat situa\u
c1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deza

struoas\uc1\u259X de pe front si iminen\uc1\u355Xa unei invazii a Armatei }\par\
pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rosii. I-am spus lui
Antonescu c\uc1\u259X trebuie s\uc1\u259X cerem }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355Xiul f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X s\u
c1\u259X mai ntrziem nici o clip\uc1\u259X. Mi-a r\uc1\u259Xspuns }\par\pard\li181
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X nici m\uc1\u259Xcar
nu se poate gndi la o astfel de posibilitate }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si c\uc1\u259X trebuie s\uc1\u259X discute pr}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oblema cu Hitler... I-am }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re
plicat c\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {n fa\uc1\u355Xa unei astfel de situa\uc1\u355Xii, noi nu ne mai putem permit
e }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X t
ergivers\uc1\u259Xm. Generalul care m\uc1\u259X nso\uc1\u355Xea a mers }\par
\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chiar mai departe,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aruncndu-i lui Antonescu: - }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Dac\uc1\u259X nu }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {putem s\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xion\uc1\u259Xm cu dumneavoas
tr\uc1\u259X, o vom face cu }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {un alt guvern. La care Antonescu a r\uc1\u259Xspuns}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {furios: - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cum, }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dumneavoastr\uc1\u259X crede\uc1\u355
Xi c\uc1\u259X voi l\uc1\u259Xsa \uc1\u355Xara n minile unui }\par\pard\li1813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {copil? Pn\uc1\u259X n ultima clip\uc1\u
259X, el a refuzat s\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259X considere }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un adult. Trei subofi\uc1\u355Xeri din gar
d\uc1\u259X si c\uc1\u259Xpitanul lor}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asteptau n }
\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spatele usii bir
oului meu. Ei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuiau s\uc1\u259X apar\uc1\u259X l
a un semnal }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {co
nvenit. V\uc1\u259Xznd c\uc1\u259X Antonescu se nc\uc1\u259Xp\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xn
eaz\uc1\u259X, i-am }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {spus, cu voce destul de puternic\uc1\u259X: Dac\uc1\u259X asa stau }\par\par
d\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucrurile nu mi mai l\uc1
\u259Xsa\uc1\u355Xi dect o singur\uc1\u259X iesire... Acesta }\par\pard\li1813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era semnalul. Oamenii mei au intrat
brusc n nc\uc1\u259Xpere, m-}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {au salutat, apoi s-au ndreptat spre Antonescu. C\uc1\u259Xpitanul a }\
par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pus mna pe bra\uc1
\u355Xul Conduc\uc1\u259Xtorului care, cel pu\uc1\u355Xin surprins, }\par\pard\l
i1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i-a r\uc1\u259Xspuns: Ce nsea
mn\uc1\u259X asta? Lua\uc1\u355Xi mna! C\uc1\u259Xpitanul a }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut un moment de ezitare: nu mai st}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia de cine s\uc1\u259X asculte. Mi-am }\par\pard\li1
813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spus c\uc1\u259X el va face s
\uc1\u259X esueze totul. Din fericire, unul dintre }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aghiotan\uc1\u355Xii mei, un colonel}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care veghea n spatele usii, a intrat }\par\pard\li1813\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urlnd: Executarea! A strigat att de}{ }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tare nct cei trei subofi\uc1\u355Xeri }\par\pard\li181
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1-au apucat pe Antonescu, spunnd
u-i: Sunte\uc1\u355Xi n stare de }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {arest. L-au dus la primul etaj si 1-au nchis ntr-o }\par\pard\li181
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {camer\uc1\u259X blindat\uc1\u25
9X n care, alt\uc1\u259Xdat\uc1\u259X, tat\uc1\u259Xl meu si \uc1\u355Xinea }\par\
pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colec\uc1\u355Xiile d
e timbre, nainte de a urca, totusi, Antonescu s-a }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntors brusc si 1-a scuipat n fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u2
59X pe c\uc1\u259Xpitan. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- M}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ine }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminea
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, ve\uc1\u355Xi fi cu to\uc1\u355Xii mpusca\uc1\u355Xi!".}\par

\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La rndul s\uc1\u2
59Xu, Ion Antonescu a scris pe o agend\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li178
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g\uc1\u259Xsit\uc1\u259X n camer
a blindat\uc1\u259X n care era arestat, c\uc1\u259X a venit n }\par\pard\li1786\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X la rege
, pentru a-i face o expunere asupra situa\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frontului si a ac\uc1\u355Xiunii ntreprin
se p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entru a scoate}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgw
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xara din greul impas n care se g\uc1\u259Xseste.
L-a informat pe rege }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {despre discu\uc1\u355Xia avut\uc1\u259X cu Clodius n seara precedent\uc1\u2
59X prin }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care
cerea ca Berlinul s\uc1\u259X n\uc1\u355Xeleag\uc1\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xi
a Romniei \uc1\u8222Xsi }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {s\uc1\u259X-mi dea deslegarea de a trata un armisti\uc1\u3
55Xiu, dorind s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {iesim din aceast\uc1\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xie ca oameni de onoare
si nu prin }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acte
care ar dezonora pentru vecie \uc1\u355Xara si pe conduc\uc1\u259Xtorii }\par\p
ard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ei". De asemenea, Miha
i Antonescu a ar\uc1\u259Xtat regelui \uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259X este }\par\pard\li2
853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o necesitate s\uc1\u259X
mai astepte }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
e ore, s\uc1\u259X primeasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunsurile pe care le asteapt\uc1\u259X"
de la Ankara si Berna. \uc1\u8222XEu }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {am confirmat c\uc1\u259X sunt de acord, n aceste condi\uc1\
u355Xii, chiar cu }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {plecarea domnului Mihai Antonescu la Ankara si Cairo }\par\pard
\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a duce tratative d
irecte, n acel moment regele a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {iesit din camer\uc1\u259X". Cnd a reap\uc1\u259Xrut avea }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n spatele lui \uc1\u8222Xun maior }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din garda Palatului cu 6-7 }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {solda\uc1\u355Xi cu pistoalele n mn\uc1\u259X. Regele }\par\pard\li2
853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a trecut n spatele meu urmat d
e solda\uc1\u355Xi, unul din solda\uc1\u355Xi m-}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a prins de bra\uc1\u355Xe pe la spate si maresa
lul S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu mi-a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spus Domnule maresal, sunte\uc1\u355Xi arestat pentru
c\uc1\u259X nu a\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {vrut s\uc1\u259X face\uc1\u355Xi imediat armisti\uc1\u355Xiul".
}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X a
restarea lui Antonescu, regele 1-a numit pe }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {generalul }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {S\u
c1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n func\uc1\u355Xia de
presedinte al Consiliului }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {de Ministri, iar acesta a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntocmit lista }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {noului guvern. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sp
re sear\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {postul de radio a nceput s\uc1\u259X anun\uc1\u355Xe c\uc1\u259X va transmit
e \uc1\u8222Xun }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{comunicat important pentru \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X". Armata aflat\uc1\u259X n }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {a primit, la 18,30, ordinul de a trece la anihilarea trup
elor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {germane }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Capital\uc1\u259X si din mprejurimi.}\par\pard\li

3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncepnd cu ora 22,12 s-a
transmis la radio }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Proclama\uc1\u355Xia, }\
b0 \par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {citit\uc1\u25
9X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele Mihai
, al c\uc1\u259Xrei text fusese convenit si }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprobat, cu mai multe zile n
urm\uc1\u259X, de liderii Blocului }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Democrat:}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XRomni,}\i0 \par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {In ceasul cel mai greu al istoriei noastre
am socotit, }\i0 \par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {n deplin\uc1\u259X n\uc1\u355Xelegere cu poporul meu, c\uc1\u259X nu este dect
o }\i0 \par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {singur
\uc1\u259X c}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ale pentru salvarea }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii de la o catastrof\u
c1\u259X total\uc1\u259X: }\i0 \par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {iesirea noastr\uc1\u259X din alian\uc1\u355Xa cu P
uterile Axei si imediata }\i0 \par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {ncetare a r\uc1\u259Xzboiului cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite.
}\i0 \par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romni,}\i0
\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Un nou guvern
de uniune na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a fost ns\uc1\u259Xrcinat }\i0 \par\pard\
li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {s\uc1\u259X aduc\uc1\u25
9X la ndeplinire voin\uc1\u355Xa hot\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u259X a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr
ii, de a ncheia }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {pacea cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite. Romnia a acceptat armisti\u
c1\u355Xiul }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {oferit de Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, Marea Britanic si Statele Unite }\i0 \p
ar\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ale Americii. Di
n acest moment nceteaz\uc1\u259X lupta si orice act }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de ostilitate mpotriva armatei sovietic
e, precum si starea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de r\uc1\u259Xzboi cu }\i
0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Marea Britan
ie si Statele Unite. Primi\uc1\u355Xi pe solda\uc1\u355Xii acestor }\i0 \par\par
d\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {armate cu ncredere.
Na\uc1\u355Xiunile [Unite] ne-au garantat }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {independen\uc1\u355Xa \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
Xrii si}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
cf0\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {neamestecul
n treburile noastre interne. Ele au recunoscut nedreptatea }\i0 \par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dictatului d}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {e la Viena, prin care Transilvania ne-afost r\uc1\u259Xpit\uc1
\u259X.}\i0 \par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ro
mni,}\i0 \par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Poporu
l nostru n\uc1\u355Xelege s\uc1\u259X fie st\uc1\u259Xpn pe soarta sa. }\i0
\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Oricine s-ar m
potrivi hot\uc1\u259Xrrii noastre libere luate si care }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {nu atinge drepturile nim\uc1\u259Xn
ui }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {este un dusman al neamului nostru. }\i0 \p
ar\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ordon armatei si
c}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {hem poporul s\uc1\u259X lupte prin orice mi
jloace si }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{cu orice sacrificii mpotriva lui. To\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii s\uc
1\u259X se strng\uc1\u259X n }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {jurul tronului si al guvernului, pentru salvarea Patriei. Cel
}\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {care nu
va da ascultare guvernului se va opune voin\uc1\u355Xei }\i0 \par\pard\li1
840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {poporului, este un tr\uc1\u

259Xd\uc1\u259Xtor de \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X.}\i0 \par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romni,}\i0 \par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Dictatura a luat sfrsit si cu ea nce
teaz\uc1\u259X toate }\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {asupririle. Noul guvern nseamn\uc1\u259X nceputul unei ere noi n }\i0
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {care dreptu
rile si libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile tuturor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenil
or \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii sunt }\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {garantate si vor fi respectate.}\i0 \par\pard\li2333\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Al\uc1\u259Xturi de armatele Al
iate si cu ajutorul lor, mobiliznd }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {toate for\uc1\u355Xele na\uc1\u355Xiunii vom tr
ece hotarele impuse prin }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {Dictatul nedrept de la Viena, pentru a elibera p\u
c1\u259Xmntul }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Transilvaniei noastre de sub ocupa\uc1\u355Xia str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259X.}\i
0 \par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romni,}\i0 \p
ar\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {De curajul cu ca
re ne vom ap\uc1\u259Xra, cu armele n mn\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {independen\uc1\u355Xa mpotriva oric\uc1
\u259Xrui atentat la dreptul nostru }\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de a ne hot\uc1\u259Xr singuri soarta, depinde viitoru
l \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii noastre.}\i0 \par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Cu deplin\uc1\u259X ncredere n viitorul neamului romnesc,
}\i0 \par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {s\uc1\u25
9X p\uc1\u259Xsim hot\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi pe drumul nf\uc1\u259Xptuirii
Romniei de }\i0 \par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {mine, a unei Romnii libere,}\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {puternice s
i fericite ".}\i0 \par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{La aflarea stirii c\uc1\u259X regimul antonescian a fost }\par\p
ard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nl\uc1\u259Xturat, ro
mnii au tr\uc1\u259Xit o stare euforic\uc1\u259X. Ei si puneau }\par\pard\l
i1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {mari speran\uc1\u355Xe }\
b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o evolu\uc1\u355Xie pozitiv\uc1\u259X a situa\
uc1\u355Xiei interne si }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale, n asigurarea p\uc1\u259Xcii si a un
ei existen\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {mater}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iale si spirituale f\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u259X ngr\uc1\u259Xdirile impuse de un regim }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dictatorial. Dar starea euforic\uc1\u
259X s-a risipit n numai cteva }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ore.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Proclama\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre romni li se cerea acestora s\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primeasc\uc1\u259X
pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Solda\uc1\u355Xii acestor armate [ale
Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {Unite] cu ncredere". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armata }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- n temeiul }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Proclama\uc1\u355Xiei }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regale si al directivelor sefului Marelui
Stat Major, generalul Gheorghe }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Mihail - s-a desprins din frontul pe care l }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinuse pn\uc1\u259X atunci n }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comun cu trupele germane, pentru a }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xrencepe }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lupta a
l\uc1\u259Xturi }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {de for\uc1\u355Xele armate ale acestora [Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor
Unite] pentru }\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {eliberarea Ardealului de nord". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D

ar, n acelasi timp, Na\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unite continuau s\uc1\u259X considere Romnia
stat inamic, iar }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Armata Rosie trecuse la}\par\pard\li7760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {103}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn466\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupa
rea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. S-a creat astfel, nc\uc1\u259X din noaptea de }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23/24 }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {august 1944 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o stare de confuzie si
panic\uc1\u259X general\uc1\u259X, pe care }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovieticii au exploatat-o din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {plin n acel context, Armata Rosie a }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezarmat si capturat peste 6.00U }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ofi\uc1\u355Xeri, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.000 }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {subofi\uc1\u355Xeri si mai }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mult de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {150. 0
00 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solda\uc1\u355Xi. Linia fortificata Focsani-N\uc
1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xloasa-}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xila a fost trecut\uc1\u259X, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
nici o rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, de armatele }\par\pard\li2813\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice care n cteva zile
au ajuns la grani\uc1\u355Xele cu }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulgaria si Iugoslavia. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Practic din seara zilei de 23 august 1944, }\par\pard\li2813\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia se afla n stare de r\uc1\u259X
zboi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {att cu Germania, ct si cu }\par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovie}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {tic\uc1\u259X. Statutul ei interna\uc1\u355Xional era extrem
de }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {confuz, iar
rela\uc1\u355Xiile sale diplomatice }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- ca si inexis
tente. }\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Actul d
e la 23 August 1944 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a mbr\uc1\u259Xcat forma unei lo
vituri }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de sta
t, realizndu-se o schimbare \uc1\u8222Xla vrf, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modific\uc1\u259
Xri n profunzimea}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw7693\colsr-0\colno2\colw3746\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii rom}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nesti.}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {. , , - , - > *
}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}}\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li33
73\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cum se ntmpl\uc1\u259X adesea n i
storie, si n cazul actului de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 August 1944 }{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {a existat o serioas\uc1\u259X discrepan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259X ntre }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sper
an\uc1\u355Xe si realitate. F\uc1\u259Xptuitorii lui, n frunte cu
regele }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai I,
au dorit s\uc1\u259X scoat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xara dmtr-un r\uc1\u259Xzboi dis
trug\uc1\u259Xtor, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {s\uc1\u259X ncheie armisti\uc1\u355Xiul cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite si sa se
revin\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {regimul democratic, n realitate, dup\uc1\u259X acest act au }\p
ar\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmat ocuparea
Romniei de c\uc1\u259Xtre Armata Rosie si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impunerea unui regim de tip bolsev
ic. Evolu\uc1\u355Xia istoric\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, ca si a celorlalte st}\fs22\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {ate din zona centrala si sud-est }\par\pard\li2880\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X, a fost determ
inat\uc1\u259X nu de factori intern., ci de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordunle }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre Maril
e Puteri - U.R.S.S., S.U.A. si Marea Britanic.}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe plan intern, 23 August 1944 a marcat revenirea
Romniei, pentru}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\cols6\colno1\colw4213\colsr-0\colno2\colw1200\colsr-0\colno3\colw78
6\colsr-0\colno4\colw840\colsr-0\colno5\colw1120\colsr-0\colno6\colw3280\pard\li
2933\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scurt\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li
2933\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vreme,}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {regim}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {democratic.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Decretul regal din 31 august, publicat la 2 septembrie 1944 si }\par\pard
\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elaborat pe baza Jurnalul
ui Consiliului de Ministri din 30 august, prevedea:}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XArt.1. Drepturile romnilor sunt
cele recunoscute de }\i0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1866
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cu modific\uc1\u259Xrile ce ulterior
au fost }\i0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{aduse si de Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {29}\i0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\col
s2\colno1\colw8933\colsr-0\colno2\colw2506\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {martie 1923.}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {.}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pg
hsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {Art.II. Sub rezerva celor cuprinse n art.III si IVputerile statulu
i se }\i0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {vor
exercita dup\uc1\u259X regulile asezate n Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\i0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {29 martie }\i0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {1923.}\i0 \par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {Art.III. Un decret dat }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {n urma hot\uc1\u259Xrrii Consiliului de }\i0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ministri va organiza Reprezentan\
uc1\u355Xa Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Pn\uc1\u259X la }\i0 \par\pard\li29
73\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {organizarea Reprezentan\uc1\
u355Xei Na\uc1\u355Xionale, puterea legislativ\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2973\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {se exercit\uc1\u259X de c\uc1\u2
59Xtre rege la propunerea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Consiliului de Mini
stri.}\i0 \par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Art.
IV. O lege special\uc1\u259X va statornici condi\uc1\u355Xiile n care }\i0 \par\p
ard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {magistra\uc1\u355Xii
}\i0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sunt invi
olabili. Juriul r\uc1\u259Xmne }\i0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {desfiin\uc1\u3
55Xat. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {104}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1
2240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pgh
scalex100\i {Art. V. Sun) }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {si r\uc1\u259Xmn ab
rogate decretul regal m:3053 }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {din }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {J) }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {septembrie 1940, publicat n Monitorul oficial, nr. 205 din }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5 }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100\i {septembrie 1940; decretul regal nr.3067 din 6 septembr
ie 1940, }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{publicat n Monitorul oficial nr.206 din 6 septembrie 1940; si decretul }\i0 \par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {regal nr. 3072 din 7
septembrie 1940, publicat n Monitorul oficial nr. }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {208 din 8 septembrie 1940, toate referito
are la nvestirea presedintelui de }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Consiliu cu depline puteri si fixarea prerogativelor reg
ale ".}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Decre
tul - prin care s-au repus n vigoare 37 articole din cele 138 ale }\par\pard\li19
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei din }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923 - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a creat b
aza juridica a m\uc1\u259Xsurilor }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptate de noul guvern si, totodat\uc1\u259X,
izvorul de drept }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {pentru m\uc1\u259Xsurile ulterioare. In fapt, Decretul constitu\uc1\u35
5Xional }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31 august 1944 a avut un caracter mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {cuprinz\uc1\u259Xtor dect cele }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xionate n textul lui, fiind aplicate si a
lte prevederi ale }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei din 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {923.}\par\pard\li2453
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De la 23 august 1944, for}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ma de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt a nregistrat o }\par\pard\li1920\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nou\uc1\u259X schimbare, fiind
circumscris\uc1\u259X celei stabilite n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {186
6. }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a
redevenit o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {monarhie constitu\uc1\u355Xional\u
c1\u259X, suveranul }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {exercitndu-si prerogativele n conformitate cu legea }\par\pard\li1
920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamental\uc1\u259X din
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidele pol
itice si-au reluat }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {activitatea legal\uc1\u259X, presa a fost eliberat\uc1\u259X
din chingile }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{cenzurii, iar dreptul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrunire a devenit o reali
tate.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Actul de
la 23 august 1944 a avut si o mare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {impor
tan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {deoarece a constituit o grea lovitur\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1920\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entru
Germania, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contribuind la pr\uc1\u259Xbusire
a ntregului front }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {hitlerist din Balcani si la scurtarea r\uc1\u259Xzboiului n
Europa, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncepnd
cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 august 1944, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{armata romn\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(aproximativ }\par\pard\li
1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {500.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {de oameni) a trecut la punerea n practic\uc1\u259X a }\
par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {programului noulu
i guvern, luptnd mpotriva trapelor germane si reusind }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca pn\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {31 august 1944 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X elibereze
dou\uc1\u259X treimi din }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {teritoriul na\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 12 septembrie 1944, Romnia a semnat }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conven\uc1\u355Xia de }\b0 \par\pard\li1893\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {armisti\uc1\u355Xiu }\b0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {cu Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite, prin care i se impu

neau }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\
u355Xii grele: plata a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {300 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {milioane de dolari desp\uc1\u259Xgubiri de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi (n produse); o nalt\uc1\u
259X Comisie Aliat\uc1\u259X de Control }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(sovietic\uc1\u259X) supraveghea respectarea
Armisti\uc1\u355Xiului; }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {frontiera romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xmnea cea stabili
t\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iunie }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940. Se mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{prevedea c\uc1\u259X Transilvania \uc1\u8222Xsau cea mai mare }\pa
r\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte a ei" u
rma s\uc1\u259X fie restituit\uc1\u259X Romniei, sub rezerva }\par\par
d\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recunoasterii acestei si
tua\uc1\u355Xii prin tratatele de pace; armata }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X urma s\uc1\u259X participe la lupt
e pe Frontul de Vest cu }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {minimum}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 divizii de infanterie etc.}\p
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {105}\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsx
n666\margbsxn666\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3440\ri0\sl
440\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {d)}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {Participarea Romniei la r\uc1\u259Xzboiul antihitlerist}\b0 \par\par
d\li3466\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De la 23 August 194
4, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia s-a al\uc1\u259Xturat coali\uc1\u35
5Xiei }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {antihitle
riste, participnd efectiv la r\uc1\u259Xzboi mai nti pentru }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eliberarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {Transilvaniei, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obiectiv atins la 25 oct
ombrie 1944. Apoi, }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {trupele romne au participat, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al\uc1\u25
9Xturi de cele sovietice, la }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eliberarea }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ungariei, Ceh
oslovaciei si Austriei }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(pn\uc1\u259X la }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 mai }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1945). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ostasii romni s-au
remarcat n marile opera\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare din zona Debre\uc1\u355Xin, }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Miskolc, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Budapesta, Mun\uc1
\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egyalya, Bukk. Matra (Ungaria), Praga, Zvolen,
Banska-Bystrica, }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Mun\uc1\u355Xii Metalici, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Javorina, Tatra etc.
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Cehoslovacia). Pe Frontul }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Vest au ac\uc1\u355Xionat }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {37 de divizii cu un efectiv de 540.000 de ostasi, }\par\pard
\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care au eliberat peste 8.
700 de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {localit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi. Aproape }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {170.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ostasi }\par\pard
\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni si-au dat via\
uc1\u355Xa pentru victoria coali\uc1\u355Xiei Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor }\par\p
ard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unite si nfrngerea
Germaniei. Efortul de r\uc1\u259Xzboi al }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei s-a cifrat (n plan economico-financiar)
la peste l milion de }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {dolari S.U.A. (la valoarea anului 1938).}\par\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 9 mai 1945, Germania a capitulat, a
ct ce marca ncetarea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char

scalex100 {ostilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor militare n Europa. Desi s-a
situat pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {locul al }\b0 \par\pard\li2920\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {patrulea }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(dup\uc1\u259X U.R.S.S., S.U.A. si Marea Britanic), din punctul }\par\
pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de vedere al je
rtfelor de snge pentru nfrngerea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hitlerismului, Romnia nu a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
imit statutul de stat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cobeligerant, }\par\pard\li2
920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar la Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de
pace de la Paris }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1946) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {a fost tratat\uc1\u259X ca }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat nvins. Tratatul de pace din
10 februarie 1947 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\u355Xa dintre
Romnia si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X era cea }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilit\uc1\u259X n iunie }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1940; pe de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt\uc1\u259X}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { parte, era anulat Dictatul de la }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Viena din 30 august 1940; }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {grani\uc1\u355Xa cu Bulgaria r\uc1\u259Xmnea cea din }\par\pard
\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1913.}\par\pard\li3440\ri
0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {e)}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {Confrunt\uc1\u259Xri politice n perioada }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{23 August 1944-30 }\b0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {Decembrie}\b0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {1947}\b0 \par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Contextul interna\uc1\u355Xional de la sfrsitul celui de-al }\par
\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doilea r\uc1\u259X
zboi mondial a fost dominat de mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xirea }\par\pard\
li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sferelor de influent\u
c1\u259X ntre marile puteri apar\uc1\u355Xinnd }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Coali\uc1\u355Xiei Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor
Unite, n cadrul Conferin\uc1\u355Xelor de la }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teheran (noiembrie-decembrie }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1943), Yalta (februarie 1945) si }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potsdam (iulie-august 1945), liderii U.
R.S.S., S.U.A. si Marii Britanii au }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {convenit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra organiz\uc1\u
259Xrii lumii postbelice. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Winston Churchill, }\par
\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul-ministru }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Marii Britanii, aflat n vizit\uc1\u259X la Moscova n
}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1944, i-a propus lui losif Visarionovici Stalin un \uc1\
u8222Xacord de }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
procentaj" privind statele din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {centrul si
sud-estul Europei; n }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {privin\uc1\u355Xa Romniei, propor\uc1\u355Xia era de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {90% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru Rusia }\par\pard
\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u25
9X) si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru Alia
\uc1\u355Xi (S.U.A. si Marea}\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li2933\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {106}\par\pard\sect\sec
86\cols2\colno1\colw8840\colsr-0\colno2\colw2600\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
0 {Britanic). La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I.V.Stal
in era }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {convins c\uc1\u259X orice }\par\pard\
li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armat\uc1\u259X care o
cupa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {un }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terito

riu si impunea acolo propriul regim }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anii 1945-1947 au fost decisivi pentru soarta Europei. Co
ntinentul a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fos
t mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xit n dou\uc1\u259X: partea central\uc1\u259X si de r\uc1\
u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit (Polonia, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, Iugoslavia, R
om}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia, Bulgaria, Albania) a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trecut sub domina\uc1\u355Xia sau
influen\uc1\u355Xa sovietic\uc1\u259X, iar partea }\par\pard\li1906\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidental\uc1\u259X a devenit \uc1\
u8222XLumea liber\uc1\u259X". Regimul de la Moscova }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a impus propriul s\uc1\u259Xu sistem }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {social-politic }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n zona oc
upat\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Partea de vest a evoluat pe o linie democratic\uc1\u259X, b}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {eneficiind }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {de sprijinul S.U.A.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n anii 1944-1947 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {au avut loc am
ple confrunt\uc1\u259Xri }\b0 \par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {politice. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.C.R. a devenit p
rincipalul instrument prin care }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Kremlinul si-a impus linia politic\uc1\u259X n Romnia. Acest part
id a }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promovat o
politic\uc1\u259X de alian\uc1\u355Xe n scopul atragerii de partea }\par\pard\li
1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sa a ct mai multor for\uc1\u3
55Xe si de a izola partidele istorice }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \pa
r\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul}{ }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc si Pa
rtidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 26 septembrie 1944 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {a fost publicat Proiectul de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Platform\uc1\u259X al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {Frontului National-Democrat, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la care
au aderat, }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al\
uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turi de P.C.R. si }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {P.S.D., Frontul Plugarilor, MADOSZ-ul }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Uniunea Popular\uc1\u259X Maghiar\uc1\
u259X), sindicatele si alte organiza\uc1\u355Xii. }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In octombrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
44 s-a constituit Frontul National-Democrat (F.N.D.), }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a declansat o sus\uc1\u355Xinut\uc
1\u259X lupt\uc1\u259X pentru}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cucerirea puterii.}
\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sub presiunea F.
N.D., la 4 noiembrie 1944 s-a format un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {nou
}\b0 \par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {guvern, }
\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezidat de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Const
antin S\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtescu, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care avea un
caracter }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {polit
ic; }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posturile ministeriale s-au mp\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u355Xit ntre F.N.D., }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {P.N.\uc1\u354X. si P.N.L. Din ini\uc1\u355Xiativa comunis
tilor s-a declansat }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {campania de nlocuire a primarilor si prefec\uc1\u355Xilor
afla\uc1\u355Xi n }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {func\uc1\u355Xie, cu membri ai F.N.D. Ministrul de interne, na\uc1\u355Xiona
l-}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnistul Nicolae Penescu, a refuzat s\uc1\u259X conf
irme }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea \
uc1\u8222Xalegeri", iar F.N.D. a cerut nlocuirea lui. Dup\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\

li1880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nou\uc1\u259X criz\uc1\u25
9X politic\uc1\u259X, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 decembrie 1944, s-a crea
t }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {guvernul }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condu
s }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de generalu
l }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Nicolae R\uc1\u259Xdescu, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {din care Penescu nu mai }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcea parte, fapt ce reprezenta un suc
ces al F.N.D.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n i
anuarie 1945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderul comunist Gheorghe Gheorghiu
-}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dej a f\uc1\u2
59Xcut o vizit\uc1\u259X la Moscova, unde a discutat cu I.V.Stalin, }\par\pard\l
i1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a sugerat ncepere
a \uc1\u8222Xasaltului decisiv" pentru }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cucerirea puterii politice de c\uc1\u259Xtre F.N.D
. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28 ianuarie 1945 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost dat pub
licit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Programul de guvernar
e al F.N.D., }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X care }\par\pard\li18
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a trecut la organizarea unor
mari manifesta\uc1\u355Xii mpotriva }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului R\uc1\u259Xdescu. n februarie }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la F.N.D. a aderat }\
par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1
\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, prezidat de Anton }\par\p
ard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexandrescu (desprins
din P.N.\uc1\u354X.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{si s-a ncheiat un acord }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {de colaborare ntre F.N.D. si gruparea liberal\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li7826
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {107}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-1293\slmult0 \fs128\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8226X}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-1440\slmult0 \fs1
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {4}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-213\slm

lex100 {condus\uc1\u259X de Gheorghe T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu (exclus\uc1\u25
9X din P.N.L.). La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie 1945, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Frontul Plugarilor a lansat un apel c\uc1\u259Xtre }\par\pard\li
3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani,
prin care acestia erau ndemna\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X ocupe }\par\pard\
li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmnturile mosie
rilor si s\uc1\u259X realizeze \uc1\u8222Xde jos" reforma }\par\pard
\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agrar\uc1\u259X, promi\
uc1\u355Xnd c\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { guvernul F.N.D. va
legifera exproprierea }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {marilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proprietari si mpropriet\uc1\u259Xr
irea s\uc1\u259Xtenilor, n ziua de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {24 februarie s-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u2
59Xsurat n Bucuresti o manifesta\uc1\u355Xie a }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F.N.D. mpotriva guvernului R\uc1\u259Xde
scu, n timpul c\uc1\u259Xreia s-au }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat alterca\uc1\u355Xii ntre participan\uc1\u355Xi si fo
r\uc1\u355Xele de ordine, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manifestan\uc1\u355Xi fiind omor\uc1\u3
55Xi.}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu pu\uc1\
u355Xin timp n urm\uc1\u259X, ntre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 si 11 februarie
1945, avusese }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l
oc }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de la }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {Yalta, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la care liderii marilor p
uteri (U.R.S.S., }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{S.U.A. si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Britanic) au confirmat mp\uc1\u259
Xr\uc1\u355Xirea sferelor de }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {influent\uc1\u259X. Pe fondul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tensiun
ilor politice din Romnia, la 27 februarie, }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A.I. Vsinski, primul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
loc\uc1\u355Xiitor al comisarului poporului pentru }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afacerile externe al U.R.S.S., s-a }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {deplasat la Bucuresti, impunnd }\par\pard\li3000\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regelui Mihai demiterea generalului }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc1\u259Xdescu si formarea unui nou }\par\pard\li3000\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern, prezidat de dr. Petru Groza.
}\par\pard\li3520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X o
tergiversare de cteva zile, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6 martie 1945,
}\b0 \par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele a
confirmat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {guvernul Groza, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {alc\uc1\u259Xtuit din reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li29
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F.N.D. si ai grup\uc1\u259Xrii
T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu. Formarea guvernului Groza }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marca o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{schimbare de regim, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece for\uc1\u355Xa po
litic\uc1\u259X decisiv\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {era P.C.R., }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care urm\uc1\u2
59Xrea lichidarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adversarilor politici si }
\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instaurarea unor
structuri de tip sovietic n Romnia, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mod oficial se
}\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afirma c\uc1\u
259X Groza conducea un \uc1\u8222XGuvern de larg\uc1\u259X concen-}\par\pa
rd\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trare democratic\uc1\
u259X", iar primele ac\uc1\u355Xiuni nu l\uc1\u259Xsau s\uc1\u259X
se }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrevad\uc1\
u259X adev\uc1\u259Xrata esen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a regimului, n urma
unui }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {schimb d
e telegrame ntre Petru Groza si LV. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin, la 9 mar

tie }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945, parte
a de nord-est a Transilvaniei (care n noiembrie 1944 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{trecuse }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sub ad
ministra\uc1\u355Xie sovietic\uc1\u259X) a fost reintegrat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei. La }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {23 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie a fost legiferat\uc1\u259
X reforma agrar\uc1\u259X, n baza c\uc1\u259Xreia }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost expropr
iate l 470.000 ha, dintre care l. 100.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ha
au fost }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mp\uc1\
u259Xr\uc1\u355Xite la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circa 990.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {familii de \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n zilele de 17 iulie-2 august 1945
a avut loc, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Potsdam, }\b0 \par\pard\li2
986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa liderilor
Uniunii Sovietice, S.U.A. si Marii Britanii. }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-a discutat problema organiz\uc1\u259Xrii Europe
i dup\uc1\u259X ncheierea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboiului mondial, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 mai, pr
in }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capitularea necondi\uc1\u355Xionat\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a Germaniei. Lider
ul na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnist luliu }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {M}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aniu a trimis }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de la }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Potsdam mai multe memorii, prin care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ar\uc1\u259Xta c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {guvernul Groza nu avea un caracter democratic si denun\uc1\u35
5Xa }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4173\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\
uc1\u259Xsurile}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { acestuia, ndreptate mpotriva
opozi\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {(cenzurarea presei, mpiedicarea ntrunirilor, arestarea unor }\par\pard\li29
86\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adversa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ri politici). Guvernele S.U.A. si Marii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Brita
nii au decis s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {nu poarte discu\uc1\u355Xii de pace cu Romnia si Bulgaria, }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {108}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn480\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoa
rece n aceste \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri nu existau guverne democratice. Pe }\par\par
d\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de alt\uc1\u259X par
te, Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X a anun\uc1\u355Xat stabilirea de }\pa
r\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355X}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ii diplomatice cu Romnia, ncepnd cu ziua de 6 august 1945.
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu o }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {lun\uc1\u259X n urm\uc1\u259X, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {6 iulie, Prezidiul Sovietului Suprem al U.R.S.S. }\par\pard\li
2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decisese decorarea regel
ui Mihai I cu cea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai nalt\uc1\u259X di
stinc\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {sovietic\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Ordinul \uc1\u8222XVictor
ia".}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La rndul
s\uc1\u259Xu, monarhul romn, sf\uc1\u259Xtuit de liderii }\par\pard\li
2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnisti si liberali, precum si de reprezentan\uc1\
u355Xii }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SUA }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Marii Britanii n Romnia, a cerut primului-ministru }\
par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X dem
isioneze }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(21 august 1945). Sprijinit de }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\

sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice, dr. Petru Groza a refuzat,
n replic\uc1\u259X, re}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gele Mihai s-a }\par\pard\li2
093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adresat celor trei Mari
Puteri si, pn\uc1\u259X la primirea }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunsului, nu a mai contrasemn
at actele guvernului, }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {intrnd n asa-numita}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {grev\uc1\u259X reg
al\uc1\u259X.}\b0 \par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n plin\uc1\u259X criz\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X, s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat prim
a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conferin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2
093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X
a }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {P.C.R. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(octombrie 1945). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Programul adoptat viza }\par\pa
rd\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industrializarea \uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, des\uc1\u259Xvrsirea reformei agrare, }\par\pard\li2093
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cresterea rolului statului
n economie, n func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secretar general al Partidului Comunist Romn a fost ales
}\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghe Gheor
ghiu-Dej.}\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {8 noiembrie 1945 }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{- ziua regelui Mihai - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut loc n }
\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti o
mare manifesta\uc1\u355Xie antiguvernamental\uc1\u259X. Cu }\par\pard\li20
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest prilej s-au produs ciocn
iri ntre opozan\uc1\u355Xii regimului si }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xmuncitorii" adusi s\uc1\u259X sparg\uc
1\u259X ntrunirea din Pia\uc1\u355Xa Palatului }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regal, nregistrndu-se nou\uc1\u259X mo
r\uc1\u355Xi si mai mul\uc1\u355Xi r\uc1\u259Xni\uc1\u355Xi. }\par\pard\
li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {For\uc1\u355Xele de or
dine au intervenit, opernd numeroase }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arest\uc1\u259Xri.}\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n decembrie 1945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Conferin\uc1\u355Xa ministrilor de externe }\b0 \par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai S.U.A., }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marii
Britanii si U.R.S.S. a decis s\uc1\u259X acorde \uc1\u8222Xsfatul" }\par\pard\l
i2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerut de regele Mihai; }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel, n ianuarie 1946, n guvern au fost }\par\
pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusi cte un repr}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ezentant al P.N.\uc1\u354X. si al P.N.L., iar guvernul
}\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuia s\uc1\
u259X organizeze alegeri libere, \uc1\u8222Xct }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai c
urnd posibil", }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
februarie 1946, S.U.A. si Marea Britanic au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recunos
cut guvernul }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gr
oza. Dup\uc1\u259X ce, n august }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945, mari
le puteri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declaraser\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X nu vor s
emna tratatul de pace cu un guvern }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nedemocratic, dup\uc1\u259X sase luni au acceptat
prezen\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {delega\uc1\u355Xiei Romniei la Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de pace de la Paris. La
}\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rndul s\uc1\u259
Xu, regele Mihai a primit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XLegiunea de Me
rit" din partea }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lui Harry Truman, presedintele S.U.A.}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ampania electoral\uc1\u25
9X, lung\uc1\u259X si nc\uc1\u259Xrcat\uc1\u259X cu acuza\uc1\u355Xii }
\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4066\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recipro

ce, s-a}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { desf\uc1\u259Xsurat practic ntre
for\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx7240\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {guvernamentale, organizate n Blocul}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 { Partidelor }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Democrate (sub conducerea P.C.R.), si opozi\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard
\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentat\uc1\u259X d
e P.N.\uc1\u354X. si P.N.L. n timpul campaniei }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
e s-a judecat asa-numitul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xproce
s al marii tr\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xri }\b0 \par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {na\uc1\u355Xionale", }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n urma c\uc1\u259Xruia Ion Antonescu, fostul }\par\pard\li2040
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtor al statu
lui, a fost condamnat la moarte si }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executat (l iunie}\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {109}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
arscalex100 {1946). Procesul a fost conceput si ca un mijloc de \uc1\u8222Xdemas
care" a partidelor }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {istorice, acuzate c\uc1\u259X au sus\uc1\u355Xinut regimul dicta
torial si }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\u
c1\u259Xzboiul antisovietic.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {n octombrie 1946, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa
de pace }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Paris a aprobat }\par\pard\li285
3\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {textul tratatului cu Romnia
, care prevedea reintegrarea nord-estului }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transilvaniei la statul romn si anularea Dicta
tului de la Viena. Guvernul }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Groza a folosit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X
hot\uc1\u259Xrre a marilor puteri n }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propaganda sa electoral\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3360
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alegerile parlamentare }\b0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurate n ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {19 noiembrie }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {1946 s-au ncheiat, potrivit datelor oficiale, cu victoria Blocu
lui }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidelor
-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrate. Se pare c\uc1\u259X rezultatul fusese
stabilit }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {naintea
scrutinului, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cabinetul ministrului de interne, c
omunistul }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teoha
ri Georgescu. Partidele istorice au contestat vehement rezultatul
}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerilor, a
dresnd memorii de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protest guvernului, regel
ui si }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marilor
Puteri. La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, Mihai I a acceptat s\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschid\uc1\u259
X Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor, citind Mesajul Tronului, n }\par\pard
\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziua }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {de l decembrie 1946, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {act ce sem
nifica recunoasterea }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {legalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii acesteia.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada urm\uc1\u259Xtoare s-a trecut la etati
zarea B\uc1\u259Xncii }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale (decembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1946), ins
tituirea controlului de stat n }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderi (iunie 1947), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st
abilizarea monetar\uc1\u259X (august }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1947).}\par\pa
rd\li3346\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 10 februarie 1947

a fost semnat, la Paris, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratatul de pace }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Romnia. Trupele sovietice r\uc1\u259Xmneau pe teritoriul
}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei pn\uc1\u
259X la semnarea tratatului de stat cu Austria. }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ncheierea tratatului de pace a fo
st desfiin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X nalta }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comisie Aliat\uc1\u259X de Control, care a func\uc1\u355X
ionat n perioada }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{armisti\uc1\u355Xiului. Astfel, nici m\uc1\u259Xcar formal, S.U.A.
si Marea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bri
tanic nu mai puteau influen\uc1\u355Xa evolu\uc1\u355Xia situa\uc1\u3
55Xiei din }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ro
mnia, care a r\uc1\u259Xmas, practic, sub ocupa\uc1\u355Xie sovietic\uc1\u259X.}\
par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n vara anului 1947
, guvernul de la Kremlin a cerut statelor aflate sub }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domina\uc1\u355Xia sa s\uc1\u259X resping\
uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xplanul Marshall", }\b0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propus de S.U.A., prin }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care se preconiza refacerea Europei devastate \uc
1\u8226X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de r\uc1\u259Xzboi. Totodat\uc1\u259X, }\p
ar\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\
uc1\u259X a decis s\uc1\u259X accelereze procesul de }\par\pard\li28
26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lichidare a for\uc1\u355Xelor
democratice din aceste \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe acest fundal, sub pretextul c\uc1\u259X un gru
p de fruntasi ai }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{P.N.\uc1\u354X., sub conducerea lui Ion Mihalache, a ncercat s\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc1\u259X ilegal \uc1\u355Xara pentru a }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {constitui un guvern n exil (14 }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie 1947), s-a trecut la arestarea tutu
ror }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderilor na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li282
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
nisti, iar }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {P.N.\uc1\u354X. a fost desfiin\uc1\u3
55Xat. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Procesul care a urmat }\par\pard\li282
6\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(octombrie-noiembrie 1947) }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a ncheiat cu grele condamn\uc1\u259Xri }\pa
r\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru to\uc1\u355
Xi aresta\uc1\u355Xii, n august }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1947, }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin l.C. }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, a su}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sp
endat activitatea Partidului National-Liberal. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ast
fel, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele dou\u
c1\u259X partide istorice p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseau arena politic\uc1\u259X. }\
x100 {La 6 noiembrie 1947, P.C.R. a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {renun\uc1\u355X
at }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xtovar
\uc1\u259Xsii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de drum", }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {grupare
a T\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xrescu, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a fost nevo
it\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2106
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernul pentru a face }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loc unor comunisti recunoscu\uc1\u355Xi pentr
u }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fidelitatea l
or fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Moscova: Ana Pauker (la Ministerul de }\par\pard\li
2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Externe) si Vasile Luca (la

Ministerul de Finan\uc1\u355Xe).}\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Ultimul obstacol n calea prelu\uc1\u259Xrii integrale a puterii
}\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259Xt
re }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunisti l constituia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {monarhia. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 12 noiembrie regele a }\par\p
ard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plecat la }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Londra, pentru a participa la c\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xtoria pr
incipesei }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elisa
beta a Marii Britanii, nainte de a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsi \uc1\u355Xara, Mihai
I }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnase de
cretul prin care mputernicea guvernul ca, n }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {absen\uc1\u355Xa sa, s\uc1\u259X ntre
prind\uc1\u259X toate m\uc1\u259Xsurile necesare }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerii \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, i
nclusiv \uc1\u8222Xnumirile si revoc\uc1\u259Xrile de }\par\pard\li2093\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xionari". Era un
\uc1\u8222Xcec n alb" acordat guvernului, }\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suveranul renun\uc1\u355Xnd la prerogativele
sale esen\uc1\u355Xiale.}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {n fapt, Romnia era singura \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X din \uc1
\u8222Xblocul }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
ovietic" care avea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regim }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {monarhic. Cehoslovacia si Polonia }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau republici nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1918, Iugoslavia din 1945, Albania, Ungaria }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Iugoslavia din 1946. Evident, }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {regele Mihai nu putea s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2080\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neglijeze o asemenea realit
ate. De aceea, la Londra, a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut discu\uc1\u355Xii cu diferi\uc1\u355Xi oameni poli}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tici. Regele George }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al VI
-lea }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i-a aranja
t o ntlnire particular\uc1\u259X cu ministrul britanic de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe, pe care Mihai avea s\uc1\u259X
o descrie astfel: \uc1\u8222XTimp de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {peste dou\uc1\u259X ore, mama mea si cu }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mine i-am povestit toate }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evenimentele din ultimele luni. L-am ntr
ebat atunc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i ce inten\uc1\u355Xioneaz\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1
\u259X pentru a ne veni n ajutor.}\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nu vreau s\uc1\u259X v\uc1\u259X
las speran\uc1\u355Xe desarte. Anglia nu este }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X fac\u
c1\u259X nici cel mai mic lucru pentru }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dumneavoastr\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2586\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un r\uc1\u259Xspuns dur, dar care av
ea meritul sincerit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii! Pe }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moment am fost soca\uc1\u355Xi. Anglia}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { era totusi una dintre cele trei Mari }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puteri victorioase. Am }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xeles atunci multe lucruri referitor la }\par\pard\li2
066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xirea lu
mii".}\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Imediat
dup\uc1\u259X ntoarcerea sa n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {22 decembrie, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {regele a avut o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u35
5Xie cu dr. P.Groza, care a \uc1\u355Xinut s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\
li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precizeze c\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u8222Xlumea s-a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { schimbat", }\fs22\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X si monarhia este }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trec\uc1\u259Xtoare. Mihai I a declara
t: \uc1\u8222XNu n\uc1\u355Xeleg s\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259X opun }\par\par
d\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucrurilor la care
nu te po\uc1\u355Xi opune". In aceeasi zi, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suveranul a semnat decretul de
numire a fruntasului }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {comunist Emil Bodn\uc1\u259Xras n func\uc1\u355Xia de ministru de r\uc
1\u259Xzboi, n }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
isc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ursul rostit la 24 decembrie 1947, cu prilej
ul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezent\uc1\u259Xrii noului }\par\pard\li2053\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministru, dr. P.Groza preciza: \uc
1\u8222XInstalarea prietenului Emil }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bodn\uc1\u259Xras la acest minister nu este nu
mai un schimb de }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {titulari, ci are }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rosturile ei adnci".}\par\p
ard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceste \uc1\u8222Xrost
uri" aveau s\uc1\u259X fie deslusi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {te n numai cteva zi
le. }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 29 }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie, Comitetul Central al P.C.R. a a
doptat }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {planul d
e m\uc1\u259Xsuri politice}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
{si de siguran\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X pentru nl\uc1\u259Xturarea monarhiei si procl
amarea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Republic
ii, care urma s\uc1\u259X fie aplicat n ziua urm\uc1\u259Xtoare.}\par\pard\li3306
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n diminea\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {a zilei de 30 decembrie 1947, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele
i-a primit n }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au
dien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, la Palatul Elisabeta din Bucuresti, pe d
r. Petru }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Groz
a si Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej, la cererea acestora. Iat\uc1\u259X cum a }\par\pard\li27
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentat regele aceast\uc1\u2
59X ntlnire, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990:}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xn chip de introducere, Groza
a crezut d}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {e cuviin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
X s\uc1\u259X ne }\i0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {potopeasc\uc1\u259X cu glumele sale dubioase, pe care le considera
}\i0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {att de spi
rituale si care nu l f\uc1\u259Xceau s\uc1\u259X rd\uc1\u259X decar pe el. }\i0 \
par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Apoi, dintr-o d
at\uc1\u259X, a intrat n miezul }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {problemei:}\i0
\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Am venit s\uc1\u259X vorbim despre o problem\uc1\u259X
de familie. }\i0 \par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {Am dori deci s\uc1\u259X discut\uc1\u259Xm despre un divor\uc1\u355X prin n\uc
1\u355Xelegere }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {...}\i0 \par\pard\li3306\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Tonul discu\uc1\u355Xiei a urc
at, s-a transformat ntr-o }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {adev\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X alterca\uc1\u355Xie verbal\uc1
\u259X. Principalul meu argument a }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {constat n faptul c\uc1\u259X demersul lor [
al lui Groza si }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {Gheorghiu-Dej] era anticonstitu\uc1\u355Xional. Numai printr
-o }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {consul
tare popular\uc1\u259X se va hot\uc1\u259Xr o modificare a Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei.
}\i0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-Nu avem
timp s\uc1\u259X proced\uc1\u259Xm n felul acesta, mi-a }\i0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0

\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {aruncat Groza...}\i0 \par\pard\li3
293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Groza a devenit din
ce n ce mai amenin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xtor, }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {afirmnd chiar c\uc1\u259X ar de\uc1\u35
5Xine im document despre mine }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \par\pa
rd\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dosar -pe care l va face
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {public dac\uc1\u259X ncerc s\uc1\u259X intru n
contact }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
cu englezii sau americanii. Garda mea arestat\uc1\u259X, telefonul }\i0 \par\par
d\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {t\uc1\u259Xiat, casa n
oastr\uc1\u259X ncercuit\uc1\u259X, eu nu puteam face absolut }\i0 \par\pard\li27
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {nimic. Constrns si for\u
c1\u355Xat, am semnat actul meu de }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {abdicare }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{".}\i0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n sedin\u
c1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a Consiliului de Ministri din acea zi de 3
0 decembrie, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o
rele 15,30, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Petru Groza a f\uc1\u259Xcut o declara\
uc1\u355Xie ct se poate de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xelegant\uc1\u259X": \uc1\u8222XVom ngriji ca fostul rege s
\uc1\u259X plece linistit, asa }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {cum se cuvine, pentru ca nimeni s\uc1\u259X nu po
at\uc1\u259X avea un }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {cuvnt de repros pentru felul cum poporul nostru a \uc1\u355Xinut }\par\
pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X se po
arte fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de acela care, n\uc1\u355Xelegnd glasul }\
par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vremurilor, s-a r
etras }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucru pentru ca
re poporul romn nu }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {se poate ar\uc1\u259Xta nerecunosc\uc1\u259Xtor. Deci fostul rege
va fi }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respe
ctat, ca orice alt cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xean al acestei \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri"
.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A urmat se
din\uc1\u355Xa Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor, la care s-a }\p
ar\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luat act de abdi
carea regelui Mihai, iar Romnia a fost }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proclamat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Repub
lic\uc1\u259X Popular\uc1\u259X. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deputa\uc1\u
355Xii au ales }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Prezidul Republicii Populare Romne alc\uc1\u259Xtuit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {din cinci persoane }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {(C.I.Parhon, M.Sadoveanu, St. Voitec, Gh.Stere si }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {I.Niculi), care }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exercita puterea executiv\uc1\u259X conferit\uc1\u259X sef
ului statului pn\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {adoptarea unei noi Constitu\uc1\u355Xii.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkp
age\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6. ROMANIA SUB }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{OCUPA\uc1\u354XIA SOVIETIC\uc1\u258X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {(19481958)}\b0 \par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-2
8\cf0\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a) }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {Impunerea regimului Stalinist}\b0 \par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl
-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n septembrie 1947 a avut loc l
a Szklarska Poreba (Polonia) }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {consf\uc1\u259Xtuirea Partidelor Comuniste si Muncit

oresti la care }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice
au }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerut }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {accelerarea proceselor revolu\uc1\u355Xionare }\b0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popul
ar\uc1\u259X", trecerea la construirea societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\pa
r\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste. Consf\u
c1\u259Xtuirea a hot\uc1\u259Xrt crearea Biroului Informativ }\par\pard\li1960\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pa
rtidelor Comuniste si Muncitoresti prin care Stalin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {urm\uc1\u259Xrea s\uc1\u259X-si }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {impun\uc1\u259X ct mai rapid si eficient linia politic\uc1\u2
59X. In acest spirit, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {la sfrsitul anului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1947 si nceputul lu
i 1948 s-a trecut la regimul }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalinist. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un pas decis
iv s-a f\uc1\u259Xcut }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n octombrie 1947, }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {nceput ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de contopire a Partidului }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comunist cu }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Social-Democrat, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n vederea f\uc1\u259Xuririi Partidului Unic }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresc. Au fost elaborate }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {Platforma (programul) }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {St\uc1\u259Xtu\uc1\u355Xii/, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {s-a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{stabilit planul organizatoric pentru opera\uc1\u355Xiunile unific\uc
1\u259Xrii. }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pre
g\uc1\u259Xtirea psihologic\uc1\u259X, politic\uc1\u259X si ideologic\uc1\u259X
s-a realizat mai }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ales prin pres\uc1\u259X, unde se dezb\uc1\u259Xteau principalele documente }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {e urmau a fi adoptate, se condamnau }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {so
cial-democra\uc1\u355Xii \uc1\u8222Xtr\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xtori", }\par\pard\li1
960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n frunte cu Constantin-T
itel Petrescu, si se sublinia }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesitatea realiz\uc1\u259Xrii partidului unic, pentru ca
\uc1\u8222Xcercurile }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {imperialiste" s\uc1\u259X nu mai poat\uc1\u259X manevra mpotriva Romniei, }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folosindu-se de
social-democra\uc1\u355Xii de dreapta.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 4 ianuarie 1948 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a co
nstituit Comisia central\uc1\u259X pentru }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Congresul
ui de unificare }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si s-au aprobat }\par\
pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instruc\uc1\u355Xiuni
le pentru alegerea organelor de conducere }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {local\uc1\u259X si a delega\uc1\u355Xilor l
a Congres. S-a trecut si la contopirea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xiilor comuniste si }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {social-dmocrate, n perioada 10-20 }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ianuarie au avut loc alegeri pentru organele
de conducere pe ntreprinderi, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {institu\uc1\u355Xii si circumscrip\uc1\u355Xii, precum si
alegeri ale }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{delega\uc1\u355Xilor pentru conferin\uc1\u355Xele de plas\uc1\u259X s
i jude\uc1\u355Xene; n }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {intervalul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20-25 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ianuarie s-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat conferin\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\

li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jude\uc1\u355Xene; la
care au fost alese comitetele jude\uc1\u355Xene de }\par\pard\li1946
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid si delega\uc1\u355Xii
la Congresul general. Opera\uc1\u355Xiunea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerilor a nsemnat, n fapt,}\par\pard\li7920
\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {113}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage


























\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {completarea organelo
r Partidului Comunist cu reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai Partidului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Soci
al-Democrat. Din totalul de 8.243 cadre de conducere }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(la nivel de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {jude\uc1\u355X, plas\uc1\u259X si sector) numai }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1.501 proveneau din }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {P.S.D., iar din cei 760 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {delega\u
c1\u355Xi, doar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {194 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {er
au social-democra\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congresul general pentru constituirea
partidului unic, numit }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul }\b0 \par\pard\
li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Muncitoresc Romn, }\b0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat n zilele de }\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {21-23 februarie }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1948 n sala Ateneului Romn, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Rap

ortul }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentat de Gh. Gheorghiu-}\par\pard\li
2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dej se }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {aprecia c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xnv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xtura }\fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Marx, Engels, Lenin si Stalin este }\par\pard\li2826
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acel far }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {str\uc1\u259Xlucitor care va lumina drumul }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{P.M.R., drum ce duce }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {spre noi victorii ale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democra\uc1\u35
5Xiei populare, spre Romnia }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {socialist\uc1\u259X", n }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Rezol
u\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptat\uc1\u259X de particip
an\uc1\u355Xi se ar\uc1\u259Xta: }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XCongresul aprob\uc1\u259X n ntregime rapo
rtul politic gener}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentat Congresului de tovar\uc1\
u259Xsul Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {precum si ntreaga activitate depus\uc1\u259X de cele
dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Comitete Centrale n vederea realiz\uc1\u259Xrii unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355
Xii politice, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{organizatorice si ideologice a proletariatului. Congresul }\par\pard\
li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {felicit\uc1\u259X cu ns
ufle\uc1\u355Xire clasa muncitoare si, o dat\uc1\u259X cu ea, }\pa
r\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreg poporul muncit
or, cu prilejul traducerii n via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a vechii }\par\pard\li2826\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u259Xzuin\uc1\u355Xi a prol
etariatului din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia - }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nf\uc1\u259Xptuirea unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale organice n cadrul Partidului
Muncitoresc Romn. }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Avnd n frunte detasamentul s\uc1\u259Xu de avangard\uc1\u259X }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-Partidul }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresc Romn -, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clasa
muncitoare din Romnia, legat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {printr-o strns\uc1\u259X alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u2
59X cu \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea muncitoare, }\par\pard\li2826\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concentrnd n jurul ei intelectuali
tatea progresist\uc1\u259X si pe }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {to\uc1\u355Xi oamenii muncii, p\uc1\u259Xseste la
ndeplinirea unor sarcini }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {menite s\uc1\u259X asigure continua nt\uc1\u259Xrire si adncire a de
mocra\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {populare si avntul economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale".}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congresul a ales Comitetul Central,
care n prima sa }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {sedin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 februari
e 1948, a ales Biroul Politic si Secretariatul C.C. }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(format din: Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej - secr
etar general, Ana Pauker, Teohari }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Georgescu, Lothar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc1\u25
9Xd\uc1\u259Xceanu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- secretari).}\par\pard\li3346\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unificarea a nsemnat preponde
ren\uc1\u355Xa absolut\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunistilor n toate organele de conducere, du
p\uc1\u259X cum }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {rezult\uc1\u259X si din urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele date statistice:}\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw5
680\colsr-0\colno2\colw800\colsr-0\colno3\colw1053\colsr-0\colno4\colw3906\pard\
li3426\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Organul de partid}\b0
\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Comitetul

Central}\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {membri titulari}\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {- }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {membri suplean\uc1\u355Xi}\b0 \par\p
ard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Biroul Politic}\b0 \
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {- membri titula
ri}\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {- }\b0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {membri suplean\uc1\u355Xi}\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Secretariatul C.C. al P.M.R.}\b0 \
par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {114}\par\column\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Total}\b0 \i0 \par\p
ard\li93\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {41}\b0 \par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\b {16}\b0 \par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li93\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {13}\b0 \par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {DinP.C.R}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {31}\b0
\par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {11}\b0 \par\pa
rd\li280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b {10}\b0 \par\pard\li333\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {3}\b0 \par\pard\li333\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {4}\b0 \par\column\pard\li146\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b \i {Din P.S.D.}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {10}\b0 \par\pard\li493\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\
b0 \par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 \par\p
ard\li493\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 \par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pa
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada imediat u
rm\uc1\u259Xtoare Congresului, s-a trecut }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la aplicarea hot\uc1\u259Xrrilor acestuia, ntrea
ga conducere }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
politic\uc1\u259X aflndu-se, practic, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minile
Partidului Muncitoresc }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Romn, care si-a realizat modelul propriu}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {de organizare a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii. }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acest model era}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { c
el Stalinist, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietic, impus n toate \uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259Xrile de }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popular\uc1\u259X".}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In epoc\uc1\u259X s-a folosit denumire
a de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xregim democratic-}\b0 \par\pa
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {popular", }\b0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formul\uc1\u259X pleonast
ic\uc1\u259X, deoarece }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {demos }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {nseamn\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {popor; ea era utilizat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {pentru a deosebi acest regim de celelalte }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democra}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u355Xii (sclavagist\uc1\u259X, burghez\uc1\u259X); denumirea a fost preluat\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din limba
rus\uc1\u259X si impus\uc1\u259X tuturor \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrilor ocupate de }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietici }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1944-1945. Astfel, Cehoslovacia, Polonia, Ungari
a, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R.D. }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22

\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {German\uc1\u259X, Bulgaria, dar si Iugoslavia s
i Albania au avut }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {regimuri de \uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popular\uc1\u259X".}\par\par
d\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din 1948, statutele si p
rogramele partidelor aflate la putere n aceste }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri men\uc1\u355Xionau c\uc1\u
259X \uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xia popular\uc1\u259X se realizeaz\uc1\u259X pri
n }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dictatura }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proletariatului"; clasa muncitoare (proletariatul) fii
nd clasa }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cea
mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avansat\uc1\u259X a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xii, exprimnd interesele }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {generale ale poporului, si impunea propria dictatur\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriv
a celor care se opuneau naint\uc1\u259Xrii pe calea }\par\pard\li197
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xbun\uc1\u259Xst\uc1\
u259Xrii si fericirii poporului"; dusmanul de clas\uc1\u259X era }
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {identificat cu
burghezia si mostenirea, care ac\uc1\u355Xionau }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdeschis, dar si perf
id"}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, reusind }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uneori
s\uc1\u259X-si strecoare }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xagen\uc1\u355Xii" chiar n conducerea partidului
si a statului; de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {aceea, lupta hot\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u259X, \uc1\u8222Xnecru\uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259Xtoare", mpotriva }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdusmanului" trebuia dus\uc1\u259X cu toate mi
jloacele, pn\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {lichidarea lui.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X abolirea monarhiei se impunea adoptarea unei }\par\p
ard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noi Constitu\uc1\u355X
ii, care s\uc1\u259X consacre forma de stat republican\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1
973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In acelasi timp, se a
veau n vedere transform\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice si politice nregistrate n ultimi ani. La }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 ianuarie }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Deputa\uc1\
u355Xilor a adoptat o nou\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {lege
}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {electora
l\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
care vrsta aleg\uc1\u259Xtorilor cobora de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 l
a }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 de ani. Ap
oi, la 25 februarie 1948, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adunarea Deputa\uc1\u355X
ilor, aleas\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {la 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 noiembrie 1946, s-a autodizolvat, }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n vederea organiz\uc1\u259Xrii de }\par\pard\li1973\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noi alegeri, pentru Marea Adunare
Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, cu caracter }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Constituant\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peste dou\uc1\u259X zile, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {27 februarie 1948, s-a constituit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Frontul }\b0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Democra\uc1\u355Xiei Populare, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menit s\uc
1\u259X asigure \uc1\u8222Xunitatea de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiune a for\uc1\u355Xelor democra
\uc1\u355Xiei populare din Romnia". }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acesta era condus de un Consiliu Na\uc1\u35
5Xional, compus din }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xtorii delega\uc1\u355Xi: Partidul Muncitoresc Romn:
Vasile }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Luca,

Lothar R\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xceanu, losif Chisinevschi; Frontul }\par\
pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Plugarilor: }\fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {dr. Petru Groza, Anton Alexandrescu, Ion Ontaru;
Partidul }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nati
onal-Popular: P. Constantinescu-Iasi, Mihail Dragomirescu, Alexandru }\par\pard\
li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Steflea; Uniunea}\par\pard
\li7960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {115}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Popular\uc1\u259X Maghiar\uc1\u259X: Kuko Alex
andru, Ludovic Tkcs, Cziko }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Ferdinand. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedintele Consiliului
Na\uc1\u355Xional al Frontului }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Democra\uc1\u355Xiei Populare a fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ales dr. Petru Groza; secretar general - }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vasile Luca, iar secretar adjunct -}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {losif Chisinevschi. n comunicatul }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dat publicit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii se preciza:
\uc1\u8222XS-a c\uc1\u259Xzut de}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acord asupra pr
incipiilor }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c
olaborare pe baza unui program comun. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Manifestul-pr
ogram va }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fi p
ublicat zilele acestea. Frontul Democra\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Popul}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {are }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participa n alegeri pentru Marea Adunare Na\uc1
\u355Xional\uc1\u259X pe o }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {singur\uc1\u259X list\uc1\u259X. S-au luat toate m\uc1\u259Xsurile p
entru desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {campaniei electorale. Se vor constitui imediat consilii
}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jude\uc1\u355Xe
ne, de plas\uc1\u259X si comune ale Frontului Democra\uc1\u355Xiei
}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Populare, com
puse din cte doi delega\uc1\u355Xi ai partidelor }\par\pard\li2960\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {componente".}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alegerile, desf\uc1\u259Xsurate n
ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28 martie 1948, s-au }\par\pard\li29
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheiat cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {victoria F.N.D., care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
93,2% din voturi si 405 }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {mandate. Acestea au fost ultimele alegeri din anii socialismului n care
au }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai existat
si alte liste, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al\uc1\u259Xturi de cea guvernament
al\uc1\u259X. Partidul }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {National-Liberal (Petru Bejan) a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u
355Xinut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mandate,
iar Partidul }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\
uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc-Democrat (dr. N. Gh. Lupu)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {- 2 mandate.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Obiectivul fundamental al Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale era }\par\pa
rd\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {unei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {noi Constitu\uc1\u355Xii
. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Proiectul acesteia, depus la 8 }\par\
pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie, a fost
votat, n unanimitate, n ziua de 13 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie, n
c\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{primul articol se stabilea noua form\uc1\u259X de stat: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {\uc1\u8222XRepublica }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {Popular\uc1\u259X Romn\uc1\u259X este un stat popular, unit
ar, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {independent si }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\

sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {suveran". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Spre deosebire de Constitu\uc1\u355Xiile anterioare, aceast\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lege fundamental
\uc1\u259X introducea n defini\uc1\u355Xia statului calitatea }\par\pard\li2933\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{,popular, independent si suveran". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desig
ur c\uc1\u259X o asemenea }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {precizare avea un caracter propagandistic, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile
n }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care Romnia er
a, practic, o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X ocupat\uc1\u259X de sovietici, care }\par\p
ard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau aici Armata Rosi
e, consilieri, agen\uc1\u355Xi K.G.B., societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li
2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mixte }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {(sovromuri), }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar liderii politici ro
mni nu ntreprindeau }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {nici o ac\uc1\u355Xiune f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X avizul prealabil a
l Kremlinului, n }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xie erau prev\uc1\u259Xzute drepturile si libert
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenesti. To\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni
i Republicii Populare Romne, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xf\uc1\u259
Xr\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {deosebire de sex, na\uc1\u355Xionalitate, ras\uc1\u259X, religie sau grad de
}\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cultur\
uc1\u259X sunt egali n fa\uc1\u355Xa legii" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art
. 16); }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dreptul de a alege l }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau to\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xenii (b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xi si femei) de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{18 an}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i mplini\uc1\u355Xi, }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar cel de a fi ales }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- de la 23 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ani mplini\uc1\u355Xi. D
up\uc1\u259X cum se }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {poate observa, limita dreptului de vot se reducea de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {20 }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
ani la 18 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani. Pentru prima dat\uc1\u259X, prin Co
nstitu\uc1\u355Xie, femeile }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {aveau drepturi egale cu b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xii, }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xn toate domeniile vie\uc1\u355X}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {ii }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {de stat, economic, social, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cultural, po
litic si de drept privat. La }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {munc\uc1\u259X egal\uc1\u259X, femeia are drept d
e salarizare egal cu }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {b\uc1\u259Xrbatul" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(art. 2l)
. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se mai prevedea: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {\uc1\u8222Xlibertatea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {116}\par\pard\sect\sec
66\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {constiin\uc1\u355Xei si libertatea religi
oas\uc1\u259X"; \uc1\u8222Xlibertatea individual\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1946
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {a cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilo
r este garantat\uc1\u259X"; \uc1\u8222Xdomiciliul este inviolabil"; }\i0 \par\pa
rd\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xlibertatea
presei, a cuvntului, a ntrunirilor, a }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {mitingurilor, cortegiilor si manife
sta\uc1\u355Xiilor este garantat\uc1\u259X"; }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii aveau }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,,drep}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {f}\i0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i { de a se asocia si organiza, dac\uc1\u259X }

\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {scopul ur
m\uc1\u259Xrit nu este }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ndreptat n con
tra ordinii democratice }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {stabilite prin}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Constitu
\uc1\u355Xie }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {"; \uc1\u8222X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii au drept la nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X".}\i0 \par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Desigur, proclamarea acestor drepturi era }\par\pard\li1933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {important\uc1\u259X, dar esen\uc
1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X era aplicarea lor. Din acest punct }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de vedere, chiar Constitu\uc1\u355Xia c
on\uc1\u355Xinea si anumite restric\uc1\u355Xii n }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domeniul politic. Astfel, nu aveau drept de vo
t }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { persoanele }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {interzise, lipsite de drepturi civile si p
olitice si nedemne, declarate ca }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {atare de organele n drept, conform legii" (art. 18); \
uc1\u8222XOrice }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {asocia\uc1\u355Xie }\i0 \par
\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cu caracter fa
scist sau antidemocratic este interzis\uc1\u259X si }\i0 \par\pard\li
1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pedepsit\uc1\u259X }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de lege" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 32
). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Erau lipsi\uc1\u355Xi de drepturi numerosi }\pa
r\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xeni, adversari ai regimului, sub acuza\uc1\u355Xia c\uc1\u259X desf\uc1\u259
Xsoar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{activitate fascist\uc1\u259X, hitlerist\uc1\u259X, ostil\uc1\u259X }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunii Sovietice. De }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea,}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { nu
erau ng\uc1\u259Xduite organiza\uc1\u355Xiile }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Antidemocratice"; }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {guvernul fiind considerat a avea un caracter }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {. democrat popular", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orice }\par\pard\li1
933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitate potrivnic\uc1\u259
X acestuia era interzis\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia desfiin\uc1\u355Xa principiul democratic
al separ\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {puterilor n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat, stabilind c}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u259X: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XOrganul supr
em al puterii n stat }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {n Republica Popular\uc1\u259X Romn\uc1\u259X este }\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Marea Adunare }\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X" }\b0 \i0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 37). Aceasta era }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {singurul organ legislativ al }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Republicii Populare Romne" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {(art. 38). Marea Adunare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc
1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {avea urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele atribu\uc1\u355Xii: alegea Prezidiul Marii Adu
n\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N
a\uc1\u355Xionale; hot\uc1\u259Xra formarea guvernului, modificarea }\pa
r\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xi
ei; stabilea num\uc1\u259Xrul, atribu\uc1\u355Xiile si denumirile }\pa
r\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministerelor, des
fiin\uc1\u355Xarea sau contopirea; vota bugetul }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului, ncheia exerci\uc1\u355Xiile bu
getare, fixa impozitele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si modul }\par\pard\li1920\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de percepere; decidea n chestiunil
e r\uc1\u259Xzboiului si ale p\uc1\u259Xcii, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consultarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poporulu

i prin referendum; acorda amnistia (art. 39). }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Durata mandatului Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Na
\uc1\u355Xionale era de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ani. Deputa\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {valida\uc1\u355Xi depuneau urm\uc1\u259Xtorul jur\uc1\u259Xmnt:
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,Jur c\uc1\u259X voi servi }\i0 \par\pard
\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {poporul si Republic
a Popular\uc1\u259X Romn\uc1\u259X cu tot }\i0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {devotamentul si puterea mea de
munc\uc1\u259X, c\uc1\u259X voi p\uc1\u259Xzi si }\i0 \par\pard\li1920
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {respecta Constitu\uc1\u355Xia
si legile \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii; c\uc1\u259X voi p\uc1\u259Xstra secretele }\i
0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de stat
si voi ap\uc1\u259Xra interesele poporului si ale statului, }\i0 \par\p
ard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {libert\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xile democratice si independen\uc1\u355Xa patriei". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Jur\uc1\u259Xmntul }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {parlamentarilor, introdus pentru prima dat\uc1\u259X n Constitu\
uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nsemna, n f
ond, obliga\uc1\u355Xia de a ac\uc1\u355Xiona n }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conformitate cu interesele regimu
lui, care se considera }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {expresia voin\uc1\u355Xei populare. Parlamentarii nu pute
au }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promova alte
opinii dect cele ale partidului, astfel c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12
240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2906\ri0\
f0\charscalex100 {Adunare Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a devenit un ins
trument n slujba }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {politicii Partidului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresc Romn.}\par\par
d\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Atribu\uc1\u355Xiile d
e sef al statului erau exercitate de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Prezidiul Marii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {care era alc\uc1\u259Xtuit din }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte, trei vicepresedin\uc1\u355Xi, un }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secretar si 14 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membri
, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alesi pe
o perioad\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 ani. Prezidiul e
ra }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor de }\par\pard\li2
880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga sa activitate n fa\uc1\
u355Xa Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale si avea }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unn\uc1\u259Xtoarele atribu\uc1\u355Xi
i: convoca Marea Adunare Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sesiuni ordinare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {si extraordinare; emitea decrete; interpreta legile votate }\par\pard\li288
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Marea Adunare }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X; exercita dreptul de gra\uc1\u355Xie
re si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comuta
pedepsele; conferea decora\uc1\u355Xii si medalii; }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezenta R.P. Romn\uc1\u259X n rela\u
c1\u355Xiile interna\uc1\u355Xionale; acredita }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si rechema reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii diploma
tici ai Romniei; }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {primea scrisorile de acreditare si de rechemare ale }\par\pard
\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xilor
statelor str\uc1\u259Xine n intervalele din sesiunile }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-2

53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xio
nale; numea si revoca }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrii la }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerea presedint
elui Consiliului de Ministri; stabilea gradele }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare, rangurile diplomatice s
i titlurile onorifice la propunerea }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului; f\uc1\u259Xcea numiri si confirm\uc1\u2
59Xri n func\uc1\u355Xii publice, la }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerea ministrilor de resort sau a guvernul
ui; n }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interval
ul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre sesiunile Marii }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale, la }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerea guvernului, declara star
ea de r\uc1\u259Xzboi si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {mobilizarea par\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X sau general\uc1\u259X; ra
tifica sau denun\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {tratatele interna\uc1\u355Xionale la propunerea guvernului. Prezid
iul }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marii Adun\
uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale era un organism colectiv al c\uc1\u259Xrui }\par
\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte nu se ind
ividualiza dect prin faptul c\uc1\u259X semna, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpreun\uc1\u259X cu secretarul, decretele. Compara
tiv cu puterile }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{regale, cele ale presedintelui Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale erau }
\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai mici, }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece acesta nu putea refuza san}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {c\uc1\u355Xionarea legilor, nu }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era \uc1\u8222Xcapul puterii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{armate", nu putea numi (si destitui) guvernul, nu }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea dizolva parlamentul.}\par\pard\li3386
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Organul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {\uc1\u8222Xsuprem executiv" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era gu
vernul (art. 66); acesta era }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor pentru activitatea sa n
fa\uc1\u355Xa Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale, iar n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {int}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ervalul dintre sesiuni, n fa\uc1\u355Xa Prezid
iului }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marii A
dun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale. Guvernul conducea activitatea }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrativ\uc1\u259
X a statului, coordona si d\uc1\u259Xdea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {directive
generale }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minist
erelor de resort, dirija si planifica economia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\u
c1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, realiza }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {bugetul statului, asigura ordinea public\uc1\u259X s
i securitatea }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{statului; conducea politica general\uc1\u259X n domeniul rela\uc1\u355
Xiilor }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\
uc1\u355Xionale; organiza si nzestra for\uc1\u355Xele armate.}\par\pard\li3386\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teritoriul Romniei era mp\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u355Xit, din punct de vedere }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {administrativ, n comune, pl\uc1\u259Xsi, jude\uc1\u355Xe}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { si regiuni; organele locale }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale puterii de stat erau }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {consiliile populare locale, alese prin vot }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {universal, direct, egal si secret, pe tim
p de patru ani. Noua }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xie introducea denumirea de \uc1\u8222Xregiuni" si de }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {118}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u8222Xconsilii populare" (care o nlocuia pe cea de \uc1
\u8222Xconsilii" din vechile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xii), prefigurnd o nou\uc1\u259X organizare ad
ministrativ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {si instaurarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterii sfaturilor (\uc1\u822
2Xsovietelor") la nivel local.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia avea un titlu special }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {- inexistent n vechile }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {legi fundamentale - intitulat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Structura social-economic\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care se
}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preciza: \uc1
\u8222X//? }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Republica Popular\uc1\u259X Romn\u
c1\u259X, mijloacele de }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {produc\uc1\u355Xie apar\uc1\u355Xin statului, ca bunur
i ale ntregului popor }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {sau organiza\uc1\u355Xiilor cooperative, sau particula
re, persoane }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {fizice sau juridice }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {" (art. 5). }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, se prevedea:,, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {Bog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xiile de }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {orice natur\uc1\u259X ale subsolului, z\uc1\u259Xc\u
c1\u259Xmintele miniere, p\uc1\u259Xdurile, }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {apele, izvoarele de energie natural\uc1\u25
9X, c\uc1\u259Xile de comunica\uc1\u355Xie }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ferate, rutiere, pe ap\uc1\u259X, n aer, posta,
telegraful, telefonul si }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {radioul apar\uc1\u355Xin sta}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
tului, ca bunuri }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {comune ale poporului. Prin }
\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lege se
vor stabili modalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de trecere n }\i0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {proprietatea }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {statului, a bunurilor enumerate n alineatul
precedent, care, la }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {data }\i0 \par\par
d\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {intr\uc1\u259Xrii n
vigoare a prezentei Constitu\uc1\u355Xii, se aflau n }\i0 \par\pard
\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {minile }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {particulare" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 6). }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Calea unor noi exproprieri era }\par\pard\li
1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschis\uc1\u259X prin }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {art. 10: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ifotfij\uc1\u259
Xcute exproprieri pentru cauz\uc1\u259X de }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {utilitate public\uc1\u259X pe baza unei legi c
u o dreapt\uc1\u259X desp\uc1\u259Xgubire }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {stabilit\uc1\u259X de justi\uc1\u355Xie'". }
\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, si prin art. 11, care p
revedea: }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1
\u8222XCnd interesul gene}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ral cere, mijloacele
de produc\uc1\u355Xie, b\uc1\u259Xncile }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {si societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de asigura
re, care sunt proprietatea }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {particular\uc1\u259X a persoanelor fizice sau j
uridice, pot deveni }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {proprietatea statului, adic\uc1\u259X un bun al poporului, n cond
i\uc1\u355Xiile }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {prev\uc1\u259Xzute de lege". }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Art.
15 introducea ideea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de planificare }\par\par
d\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {centralizat\uc1\u259X:
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,tatul ndnimeaz\uc1\u259X si planific\uc1\u25

9X economia }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X n vederea dezvolt\uc1\u259Xrii puterii economic
e a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4026\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {asigur\uc1\u259Xrii bunei}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i { st\uc1\u259Xri a poporului si garant\uc1\u259Xrii }\i0
\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {independen\uc1
\u355Xei na\uc1\u355Xionale }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {". }\i0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin toate aceste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preve
deri se }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {antic
ipa o masiv\uc1\u259X reorganizare a economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale,
n }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baza concep\
uc1\u355Xiei Partidului Muncitoresc Romn, potrivit }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xreia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xmijloacele de produc\uc1\u355Xie apar\uc1\u355Xin statului\
\ }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drept care }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se putea trece la na\uc1\u355Xionalizare si la p
lanificarea economiei }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o form\uc1\u259X sau alta, asemenea p
revederi existau si n }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xiile celorlalte state de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {\uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popular\uc1\u259X", }\i0 \par\pard\li192
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptate pn\uc1\u259X n aprilie }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948 -}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia, Alban
ia, Bulgaria, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P
olonia, toate inspirate din Constitu\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {URSS. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Era o lege }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamental\uc1\u259X menit\uc1\u259X s
\uc1\u259X asigure trecerea de la capitalism }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la socialism.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe baza noii Constitu\uc1\u355Xii au fost
alese organele de }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conducere a starului: Prezidiul Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc
1\u355Xionale, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
alc\uc1\u259Xtuit din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19 membri, care avea ca prese
dinte pe savantul de renume }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {mondial }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {C.I. Parhon. }\b0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, s-a constituit un nou guvern. }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {Dr. }\b0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {Petru Groza}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost rinvestit }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n func\uc1\u355Xia de}\par\pard\li7880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {119}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1
5840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-213\slmu
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {presedinte al Consiliului de Ministri, pe care o de\uc1\u355Xinea de la }
\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 martie 1945. n
noul guvern, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {era prim-vicepresedinte }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Consiliului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Ministri
(func\uc1\u355Xie nou nfiin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X), presedintele }\par\pard\li29
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului Economic Super
ior, presedintele Comisiei de }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Redresare Economic\uc1\u259X si Stabilizare Monetar\
uc1\u259X, coordonator }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {al activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii ministerelor economice si f
inanciare. Astfel, }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {secretarul general al C.C. al P.M.R. devenea ndrum\uc1\u259Xto
rul }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregii poli
tici economice a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii.}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f

s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Obiectivul economic fundamental al Partidului Muncitor
esc Romn }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx3560\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{era}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {na\uc1\u355Xionalizarea principalelor
mijloace de }\b0 \par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {produc\uc1\u355Xie, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259X din
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1946 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a
introdus, prin }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {na\uc1\u355Xionalizarea B\uc1\u259Xncii Na\uc1\u355Xionale a Romniei,
controlul de }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{stat asupra tuturor institu\uc1\u355Xiilor na\uc1\u355Xionale de credit; n }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie 1947 }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a creat o comisie ministerial\uc1\u259X pentru refacerea
economic\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ale c\uc1\u259Xrei atribu\uc1\u355Xii vizau controlul materiilor prime, pro
duc\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{si desfacerii m\uc1\u259Xrfurilor. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 februarie
1948 au trecut n patrimoniul }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {statului bunurile }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Eforiei Spital
elor Civile, Asez\uc1\u259Xmintelor }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Brncovenesti, precum si ale Eforiei Sfan\uc1\u355Xului
Spiridon din }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ia
si. La }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 mai au fost trecute n propri
etatea statului bunurile Casei }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regale.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n octombrie 1947 s-a realizat inventarierea ntreprinderilo
r }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {particulare,
industriale, comerciale si de transport, apoi s-au constituit }\
par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comisia Super
ioar\uc1\u259X de Na\uc1\u355Xionalizare, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
comisii jude\uc1\u355Xene de }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionalizare si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cole
ctive pentru fiecare ntreprindere, avnd }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menirea de a duce la }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ndeplinire opera\uc1\u355Xiunile de na\uc1\u355Xionalizare }\par\pard\l
i2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe ntreg cuprinsul \uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. Aceste comisii si colective si }\par\pard\li2946\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurau activitatea
ca organe ale Consiliului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Superior }\par\p
ard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Economic.}\par\pard\li
3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n zilele de 9-11 iunie 1948 a
avut loc Plenara C.C. al P.M.R., care a }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprobat lucr\uc1\u259Xrile preg\uc1\u259Xtitoare
privind na\uc1\u355Xionalizarea }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {principalelor mijloace de produc\uc1\u355Xie. In diminea\uc
1\u355Xa zilei de 11 }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {iunie, proiectul de lege, aprobat de guvern, a fost depus n }\par\pard\li2
933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Adunare Na\uc1\u355Xion
al\uc1\u259X. Dup\uc1\u259X discu\uc1\u355Xii sumare, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {acesta a fost }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {votat n unanimitate, n aceeasi zi. Potrivit art. l, }\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {,e na}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u355Xionalizeaz
\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{toate bog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xiile subsolului care nu se g\uc1\u259
Xseau n }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{proprietatea statului la data intr\uc1\u259Xrii in vigoare a }\i
0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx7066\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Con
stitu\uc1\u355Xiei Republicii Populare}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Romne, precum s}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {i }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ntreprinderile industriale, s
ociet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de orice fel si }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\s

l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {asocia\uc1\u355Xiunile particulare
industria/e, bancare, de asigur\uc1\u259Xri, }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {miniere, de transporturi si
telecomunica\uc1\u355Xii"'}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {'. }\i0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Legea din 11 }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {iunie a fost completat\uc1\u259X cu noi acte legislative
de aceeasi }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{natur\uc1\u259X; la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {noiembrie au fost na\uc1\u355Xionalizate industria }\par\pard\li2933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cinematografic\uc1\u259X si cine
matografele (n total }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {383 cinematografe }\par\pard\
li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si}\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl
x100 {120}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
0\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un platou de 20
0 m"). In aceeasi zi au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost na\uc1\u355Xionalizat
e institu\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {medico-sanitare, astfel c\uc1\u259X ntreaga asisten\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259X medical\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {tr}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ecut n seama statului.}\par\pard\
li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin na\uc1\u355Xionaliz\u
c1\u259Xrile realizate n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {s-a f\uc1\u259Xcut un }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pas decisiv }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe calea }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {lichid\uc1\u259Xrii propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii private, d
esfiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii economiei de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X concuren\uc1\u355Xiale.
Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii nu mai erau siguri c\uc1\u259X-si vor }\
par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xstra a
verea, tr\uc1\u259Xind cu teama c\uc1\u259X n orice moment ar putea }\par\pard\li
2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fi expropria\uc1\u355Xi.
La l iulie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948 s-a creat Comisia de
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stat a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Planific\uc1\u259Xrii, organ guvernamental de planifica
re economic\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {iar n decembrie, Marea Adunare Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a
adoptat }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul
plan anual de dezvoltare economic\uc1\u259X a Romniei (pe }\par\pard\li2080\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1949). n domeniul agriculturii,
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principala decizie luat\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {1948 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nfiin\uc1\u355Xarea Sta\uc1\u355Xi
unilor de Masini si Tractoare (S.M.T.) }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru mecanizarea lucr\uc1\u259Xrilor agricole
.}\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Plenara Comite
tului Central al Partidului Muncitoresc Romn din }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3-5 martie 1949 a elaborat programul
viznd }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {transformarea }\b0 \par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {socialist\uc1\u259X a }\b0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b {agriculturii, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin car
e s-a urm\uc1\u259Xrit ca aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ramur\uc1\u259X a economiei na\uc1\u35
5Xionale s\uc1\u259X fie trecut\uc1\u259X sub controlul }\par\pard\li2
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului. Dup\uc1\u259X m
odelul sovietic, s-au nfiin\uc1\u355Xat Gospod\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agricole Colective (G.A.C
.) si Gospod\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rii Agricole de Sta
t }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(G.A.S.). P

ractic, ele erau conduse de c\uc1\u259Xtre stat, care }\par\pard\l
i2040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indica tipurile de cultur\
uc1\u259X si fixa pre\uc1\u355Xurile bunurilor agricole. }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Membrii cooperatori aveau voie s\uc1\u
259X-si p\uc1\u259Xstreze mici loturi de }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmnt, care nu dep\uc1\u259Xseau 0,1}\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {5 ha.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n septembrie 1952 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost adoptat\uc1\u259X
o nou\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Constitu\uc1\u355Xie, }\b0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {consacra, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru prima oar\uc1\u259X n i
storia Romniei, rolul politic }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtor al unui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid po
litic (Partidul Muncitoresc Romn).}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Anul 1948 s-a caracterizat prin declansarea }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xrevolu\uc1\u355Xiei }\b0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {culturale". }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregul aparat de propagand\uc1\u259
X a fost pus n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {slujba prosl\uc1\u259Xvirii Uniunii Sovietice si a denigr\uc1\u259Xrii \
uc1\u8222Xlag\uc1\u259Xrului }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {imperialist". Acest aparat era dirijat de losif Chis
inevschi, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secre
tar al C.C. al P.M.R., si de adjunctul s\uc1\u259Xu. Leonte R\uc1\u259Xutu; }\pa
r\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ei erau seconda
\uc1\u355Xi de Sor}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in Toma, Silviu Brucan,
Ion Felea. La 4 }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ianuarie 1948, Silviu Brucan publica n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {\uc1\u8222XScnteia" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un vehement artic
ol }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xaccese/or isterice ale imperialistilor de
peste m\uc1\u259Xri }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {si \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elogiind
,,}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {invincibila si titanica Uniune Sovietic\uc1
\u259X"'.}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Al
\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turi de economie, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {stiin\uc1\u355Xa, cultura si nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul }\b0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {constituit domenii prioritare n politica Partidului Muncitoresc
Romn }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viznd }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xruperea cit trecuti/r }\i0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {si formarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xomu/
ui nou\\ }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Atacul a fost }\par\pard\li1933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndreptat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {mpotriva institu\uc1\u355Xiilor fundamentale: Academia }\par\pard\li1
933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn\uc1\u259X, Scoala, Biseri
ca.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iunie 1948,
revista }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XContemporanuF }\i0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {scria: \uc1\u8222XAcademia Romna }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a reprezentat n trecut dect un
apanaj al claselor posedante. al }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mosierimii, si, mai de curnd, al marii finan\uc1\u355X
e. Nu meritele }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
stiin\uc1\u355Xifice sau}\par\pard\li7880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {121}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
\cf0\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {culturale al
e unei personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi au stat la baza criteriilor ce }\par\pard
\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xionau admi

terea de noi membri". Peste pu\uc1\u355Xin timp a }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrut decretul Prezidiului Marii Ad
un\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 iulie }\pa
r\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948 prin care }\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Academia Romn\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {devenea institu\uc1\u355Xie de stat, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primind num}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ele de Academia
Republicii }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Populare Romne. Sub }\par\pard\li2866\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egida Sec\uc1\u355Xiei Stiin\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259X si Cultur\uc1\u259X a C.C. al }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.M.}
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R. s-a elaborat }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Statutul Academiei R.P.R., potrivit c\uc1\u
259Xruia aceasta avea ca }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {sarcin\uc1\u259X fundamental\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {\uc1\u8222Xs\uc1\u259X contribuie la prop\uc1\u259Xsirea general\uc1\u259X
a }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {silin\
uc1\u355Xelor, literelor si }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {artelor n R.P.R";
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X institu\uc1\u355Xie trebuia }\
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X pun\u
c1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ja baza lucr\uc1\u259Xrilor ei folosirea
organizat\uc1\u259X si metodic\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {a cuceririlor stiin\uc1\u355Xei si cult
urii, precum si consolidarea }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {democra\uc1\u355Xiei populare n drum spre soc
ialism". }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Academia, ca }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {institu\uc1\u355Xie de stat, depindea
de Consiliul de Ministri, c\uc1\u259Xruia }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i prezenta periodic d\uc1\u259Xri de seam\uc1
\u259X asupra activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii ei. In }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {baza unei hot\uc1\u259Xrri a C.C. al }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.M.}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R., academicienii pri
meau un }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spor
de retribu\uc1\u355Xie de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15%, precum si }
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {automobile pentru }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folosin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X personal\uc1\u259
X. Pri}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n decretul Prezidiului Marii }\fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adun\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionale din 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2 }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august, au fost numi\uc1\u355Xi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {27 membri titulari activi si }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membri titulari onorific
i ai Academiei Romne. La Sec\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Stiin\uc1\u355Xe istorice, filozofie si eco
nomico-juridice au fost }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {numi\uc1\u355Xi membri titulari }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
ctivi: Petre Constantinescu-Iasi, Barbu }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L\uc1\u259Xz\uc1\u259Xreanu si Andrei R\uc1\u259Xd
ulescu, iar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantin Moisil ca membru }\par\pard
\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {titular onorific. Printrun alt decret, din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceeasi zi, a fost stabilit\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {componen
\uc1\u355Xa Prezidiului Academiei: Traian S\uc1\u259Xvulescu }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(presedinte), Gheorghe
Nic}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {olau (secretar general), Barbu }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L\uc1\u259Xz\uc1\u259Xreanu
, Simion Stoilov, Eugen Macovschi, Nicolae Porfiri, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stefan }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicola
u, P. Constantinescu-Iasi, Mihail Sadoveanu - membri. }\par\pard\li286
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potrivit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {Statutului, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu puteau fi membri ai A

cademiei \uc1\u8222Xpersoanele care, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin activitatea lor, s-a}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u p
us n slujba fascismului si a reac\uc1\u355Xiunii, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d\uc1\u259Xunnd prin aceasta intereselor
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii si ale poporului". Pe }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X baz\uc1\u259X au
fost nl\uc1\u259Xturate numeroase personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi: }\par\pa
rd\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lucian Blaga, P.P. Negu
lescu, Stefan Ciobanu, Ion Petrovici, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C. R\uc1\u259Xdulescu-Motru, Onisifor Ghibu, Nic
olae B\uc1\u259Xnescu, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Gheorghe 1. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, Silviu
Dragomir, Dimitrie Gusti, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Alexandru }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lapedatu, loan }\fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lupas, Simion Mehedin\uc1\u355Xi, Ion }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nistor, Dragomir Hurmuzesc
u s.a., n total aproape o sut\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de persoane, n zilele de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1-2
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie a avut loc sedin\uc1\u355Xa de }\par\par
d\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegere, de c\uc1\u259Xt
re Adunarea General\uc1\u259X a Academiei, a unor noi }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membri, ntre acestia, Mihail }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Roller - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu o activitate stiin\uc1\
u355Xific\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nul\uc1\u259X, dar care era un colaborator de baz\uc1\u259X
al lui losif }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Chisinevschi la Sec\uc1\u355Xia de Stiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si Cultur\uc1\u
259X a C.C. al P.M.R.; }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Roller a fost ales si vicepresedinte al Academiei, cu mi
siunea de a }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{reorganiza activitatea n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domeniul stiin\uc1\u355Xel
or sociale, mai ales al }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {istoriei, ntre noii membri s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {122}\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn66
\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrat persoane care,
la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14 februarie 1945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {si exprimaser\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {adeziunea la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Frontul National-Democ
rat, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cernd demisia }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului R\uc1\u259Xdescu; ntre acestia
, Constantin Daicoviciu, }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Andrei O\uc1\u355Xetea, Emil Condurachi, Grigore Moisil, Mihai Ral
ea. }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aceeasi ca
tegorie intrau si cei f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X oper\uc1\u259X stiin\uc1\u355Xific\
uc1\u259X, dar }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{care-si manifestaser\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { adeziunea la ideil
e Partidului Muncitoresc }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Romn: Geo Bogza, Emil Isac, Mihail Andricu. Totodat\uc1\u259X, au }\par
\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost primite si pers
onalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de marc\uc1\u259X, mai ales n domeniul }\par\pard\li2
120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stiin\uc1\u355Xei tehnice; de
asemenea, s-a atribuit titlul de membru }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {post-mortem al Academiei marilor}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { scriitori Eminescu, Creang\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Caragiale.}\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prelundu-se modelul sovietic, s-au creat n
cadrul Academiei }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {institute de cercetare. La 15}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie s-a nfii

n\uc1\u355Xat Institutul de Istorie al }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R.P.R., desfiin\uc1\u355Xndu-se Institutul de Isto
rie Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Institutul de Studi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i Bizan
tine, Institutul pentru Studiul Istoriei }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Universale, Institutul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Cercet\uc1\u259Xri Balcanice, precum si }\par\pard\li2053\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {institutele de istorie din
Cluj si Iasi. Noul institut avea }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {patru sec\uc1\u355Xii (istorie na\uc1\u355Xiona
l\uc1\u259X, istorie universal\uc1\u259X, istoria }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popoarelor slave si balcanice,}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { bizantinologie) si dou\uc1\u259X filiale: la Cluj }\par\par
d\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Iasi. Mul\uc1\u355Xi
oameni de cultur\uc1\u259X au f\uc1\u259Xcut concesii politice }\par\pard\li2053
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a-si putea continua
activitatea stiin\uc1\u355Xific\uc1\u259X, n mod }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profesionist. Spre exemplu, cel dinti d
irector al Institutului }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {de Istorie al R.P.R. a fost Andrei O\uc1\u355Xetea, unul dintre pu\uc1
\u355Xinii }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {isto
rici care si proclamase convingerile marxiste nainte de }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {944 (el }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea s\uc1\u259X fie nl\uc1\u259Xturat n }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1949 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si s\uc1\u259X revin\uc
1\u259X n 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {956). }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Temele de cercetare erau impuse de con
ducerea partidului si aveau }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {menirea de a sluji obiectivele politice ale acestuia.}\par\pa
rd\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O alt\uc1\u259X institu
\uc1\u355Xie care a fost supus\uc1\u259X controlului de partid }\par\pard\li2013
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {scoala. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Faptul c\uc1\u259X, prin
tradi\uc1\u355Xie, scoala romneasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcea o educa\uc1\u355Xie moral\uc1\u
259X, patriotic\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { tineretului, nu era agrea
t de }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietici;
de aceea, s-a cerut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xreformarea
" din temelie a }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ntregului sistem de nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt, n ziua de }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {3 august 1948 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\l
i2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost votat\uc1\u259X }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {legea nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului, }\b0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care marca o schimbare }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamental\uc1\u259X a concep\uc
1\u355Xiei n acest domeniu. Legea }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedea c\uc1\u259X nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmn
tul era organizat de stat si unitar, }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fapt ce nsemna desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea scolilor part
iculare si }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {co
nfesionale. De asemenea, ntregul nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt devenea }\par
\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {laic, religia fi
ind desfiin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X ca obiect de studiu. Scoala }\par\
pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elementar\uc1\u259X }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era de 7 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clase, iar nv
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul obligatoriu de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
4 }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani. O aten\u
c1\u355Xie special\uc1\u259X se acorda reducerii analfabetismului }\par\pard\li2
013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {\uc1\u8222Xridic\uc1\u259Xrii nivelului de cultur\uc1\u259X al poporitlur.

}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Scoala medie dura }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani si era mp
\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xit\uc1\u259X n patru tipuri: licee, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {scoli pedagogice, }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {scoli tehnice si scoli profesionale; accentul era pus pe }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ultimele dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tipuri de scoli, considerndu-se c\uc1\u259X ele r\uc1\u2
59Xspundeau direct}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesi
t\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale. Preg\uc1\u259Xtirea supe
rioar\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {realiza prin universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, politehnici, institute de nv\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {superior, care se puteau nfiin\uc1\u355Xa n diferite ce
ntre }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industrial
e, miniere si agricole. Se creau scoli pentru }\par\pard\li2693\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitorii necalifica\uc1\u355Xi (ca
re aveau vrsta ntre 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 si 25 de ani), }\par\pard\li26
93\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {durat\uc1\u259X cuprins\uc1\u259X ntre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 luni
si un an, avnd menirea de a-i }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {califica n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {meserie. S-au nfiin\
uc1\u355Xat facult\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi muncitoresti, cu }\par\pard\li2693
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {durata de }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {2 ani, pentru cei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce nu aveau
liceul; absolven\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {acestora puteau urma studiile universitare sau ale }
\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {institu\uc1\u355
Xiilor de nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt superior. Pomindu-se de la criterii
}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extraprofesiona
le, s-a urm\uc1\u259Xrit asigurarea unei anumite }\par\pard\li2693\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {structuri sociale a studen\uc1\u355X
ilor: n octombrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, s-a adoptat o }\par\pard\li2
693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decizie prin care 30% din }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locurile din universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi si institu
tele de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u
259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt superior erau rezervate fiilor de muncitori si de }\p
ar\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u25
9Xrani muncitori (care aveau pn\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 ha
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmnt). Pe }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lng\uc1\u259X aceste transform\uc1\u259Xri d
e structur\uc1\u259X, \uc1\u8222Xreforma" a urm\uc1\u259Xrit }\par\pard\li2693\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politizarea nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259Xmntului prin introducerea unor }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discipline de stiin\uc1\u355Xe }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {sociale (n spiritul teoriei marxist-leninist-}\par\pard\
li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {staliniste), eliminarea al
tora, socotite burgheze (sociologie, psihologie etc.).}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Epur\uc1\u259Xrile ncepute dup\uc1\u259X
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 august 1944 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au co
ntinuat n }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noile
condi\uc1\u355Xii, nc\uc1\u259X de la l septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1
947 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost nl\uc1\u259Xtura\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\l
i2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\u
c1\u259Xmnt, fiind }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcomprima\uc1\u355Xi"
: }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexandru Otetelisanu, }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teofil Sauciuc-S\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {veanu, Emil }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Panaitescu; al\uc1\u3

55Xii au fost scosi la }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {,jyensie": }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dimitrie Gusti, Gh.
Oprescu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Traian Nasta, Florian }\par\pard\li2
680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stefnescu-Goang\uc1\u259X s.
a. Ulterior, au fost elimina\uc1\u355Xi: Lucian }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Blaga, Tudor Vianu, G. C\uc1\u259Xline
scu, Liviu Rusu. Locul lor a fost }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {luat de cunoscu\uc1\u355Xi stalini}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sti ca: Mihai Novicov, Savin Bratu, Ion }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vitner, C.I. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Gulian, Ovidiu S. Crohm\uc1\u259Xlniceanu, Vicu Mndra }\par\pard\li2680\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s.a.}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul
general si liceal (mediu) s-a }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instituit sistemul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc
1\u8222Xmanualului unic", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {punndu-se cap\uc1
\u259Xt }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
222Xmanualelor alternative", specifice nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul
ui }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc. Din
noile manuale scolare de literatur\uc1\u259X au fost }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scoase personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi
precum Titu Maiorescu, Eugen }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Lovinescu, O. Goga, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Barb
u, Ion Pillt, Vasile Voiculescu s.a. }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Eminescu era prezent cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{poezia \uc1\u8222Xmp\uc1\u259Xrat si proletar", iar }\par\pard\li2666\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cosbuc cu \uc1\u8222XNoi vre
m p\uc1\u259Xmnt", accentul punndu-se pe }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {latura social\uc1\u259X si nu pe cea estetic\uc1
\u259X a crea\uc1\u355Xiei literare.}\par\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Cel mai afectat a fost domeniul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {istoriei na\uc1\u355Xionale, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259X di
n }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1947 a }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrut manualul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Istorie a Romniei, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sub redac\uc1\u355Xia lui }
\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihail }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Roller, devenit n 1948 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Istoria
R.P.R. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Trecutul istoric al romnilor }\par\pard\
li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era aborda' prin }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {prisma a dou\uc1\u259X idei fundamentale: }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1) ajutorul }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {primit din partea slavilor, Rusiei, Uniunii Sovietice; 2) }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltarea }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii are la baz\uc1\u259X lupta de cla
s\uc1\u259X. Din acest \uc1\u8222Xmanual }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul me}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {diu", momente 124}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
arscalex100 {fundamentale din istoria romnilor lipseau. De exemplu,
capitolul }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {St
\uc1\u259Xpnirea roman\uc1\u259X n Dacia }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea ur
m\uc1\u259Xtoarele subtitluri: }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {\\) Hotarele }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Daciei sub ocu
pa\uc1\u355Xia roman\uc1\u259X. Starea popula\uc1\u355Xiei; }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {2) }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {Lupta de eliberare a }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {popula\uc1\u35
5X}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {iei din Dacia. }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Urm\uc1\u259Xtorul capitol se }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f

s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intitula }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Migra\uc1\u355
Xia popoarelor }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si trata: 1) }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {Ocupa\uc1\u355Xia popula\uc1\u355Xiei si }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {organizarea social\uc1\u259X dup
\uc1\u259X eliberarea }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Daciei; }\i0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Slavii; 3) }\i0 \par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Crestinismul pe
teritoriul Romniei de azi. }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X
cum se poate }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {observa, formarea poporului rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n si formarea lim
bii romne nu }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fig
urau ca teme distincte, pentru a nu se reliefa originea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {roman\uc1\u259X a acestora. Revolu\uc1\
u355Xia de la}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1848 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
ra tratat\uc1\u259X pe \uc1\u8222Xfelii": }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Moldova, n Muntenia, n Transilvania; obiec
tivul politic }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
urm\uc1\u259Xrit era acela de a nu prezenta caract}\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {erul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unitar al }\par\pard\li1946\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acesteia pe ntreg spa\uc1\u355Xiul r
omnesc si de a o scoate din }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ansamblul procesului revolu\uc1\u355Xionar european nregistrat n }
\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1848. }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Si mai semnificativ era faptul c\uc1\u259X n acel manual, care
}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea aproape
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {700 de pagini, nu exista }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xcar un paragraf }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consacrat}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Marii Uni
ri de la 1918, capitolul respectiv -intitulat }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia n perioada avntului revolu
\uc1\u355Xionar creat sub }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {influen\uc1\u355Xa Marii Revolu\uc1\u355Xii Socialiste din
Octombrie }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(1917-1923) }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {avnd urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {subtitluri: }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\\) nsemn\uc1\u259Xtatea istorico-}\i0 \par\pard\li1
946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {mondial\uc1\u259X a Mar
ii Revolu\uc1\u355X}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ii Socialiste din
Octombrie; }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2) }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Interven\uc1\u355Xia imperialist\uc1\u259X
mpotriva revolu\uc1\u355Xiei socialiste }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{din }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Rusi
a; }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Situa\uc
1\u355Xia economico-social\uc1\u259X a Romniei dup\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pa
rd\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {r\uc1\u259Xzboiul }\
i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {imperialist (1914-1918); }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {4) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Lupta clasei muncitoare ntre
}\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1917-192
0; }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Greva
general\uc1\u259X din }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1920; }\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {6) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Crearea Partidului }\i0
\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comunist din
Romnia; }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Congre
sul al ll-lea al Partidului Comunist din }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia.}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Biserica }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a
sc\uc1\u259Xpat nici ea ac\uc1\u355Xiunii devastatoare a }\par\pard\l
i1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stalinismului. La }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {17 iulie 1948 a fost anulat Concordatul cu Vaticanul }\par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(semnat n 1927); la

l decembrie 1948, guvernul a decretat unificarea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bisericii ortodoxe cu cea }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {greco-catolic\uc1\u259X. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Armata }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a trecut sub }\par\pard\li1946\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {controlul factorului politic, al Par
tidului Muncitoresc Romn.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Pentru ca romnii s\uc1\u259X nu vin\uc1\u259X n contact cu anumite }\par\
pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrieri care nu
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conveneau regimului, s-a decis }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {interzicerea }\b0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b {unor publica\uc1\u355Xii, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n 1948 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul acestora ajungnd
la }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8.000, }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre care c\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi semnate de N
icolae lorga, Vasile }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Prvan, Titu Maiorescu. n acelasi timp erau cenzura\uc1\u355
Xi }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dimitrie C
antemir, Mihail Kog\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lniceanu, Gri
gore }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexandres
cu, C. Negruzzi, Panait Istrati, Liviu Rebreanu, G. Cosbuc, }\par\pard\li1920
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Virgil Madgearu, }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Victor Sl\uc1\u259Xvescu, C. R\uc1\u259Xdulescu-Motru,
H.H. }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stahl, Gh.
lonescu-Sisesti, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Victor Vlcovici etc.}\par\pard\li2
440\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anul 1948 a marcat si
declansarea atacului mpotriva unor}\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {n via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X din domeniul literaturii. Politrucul }\par\
pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sorin Toma, n}\par\par
d\li7946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {125}\par\pard\sect\sectd
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numerele din 5-10 ianuarie 1948, a publicat n
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {, Scnteia" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {artico
lul intitulat }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{,foezia putrefac\uc1\u355Xiei si putrefac\uc1\u355Xia poezier}\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {, }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care l ataca n
}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termeni foart
e }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {duri pe Tudor Arghezi. Ideologul parti
dului }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u
355Xinea c\uc1\u259X poetul avea de ales }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ntre calea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xidealului de }\i0 \par
\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {eliberare a omenir
ii si aceea a reneg\uc1\u259Xrii milioanelor de }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {fra\uc1\u355Xi, a mburghezirii morale si
mai trziu materiale"; }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar }\par\pard\li2813\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tudor Arghezi a ales calea de a sc
rie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,pe gustul burgheziei. Opera d-sale }\i0 \par
\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {reflect\uc1\u259X
lumea moral\uc1\u259X a burgheziei". }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D
up\uc1\u259X aceste }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {aprecieri, urma }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concluzia: }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XO asemenea estetic\uc1\u259X nu }\i0 \par\pard\
li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {poate prinde o mai mare
valoare de circula\uc1\u355Xie dect ar }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {putea s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X niste obiecte fabr
icate ntr-o }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {leprozerie sau niste }\i0 \par\par
d\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {idei elaborate n casa d
e nebuni. Ea nu este propriu-zis }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {o estetic\uc

1\u259X, ci }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {un fenomen patologic, un agent al contagiunii pe care }\i0 \p
ar\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {societatea s\uc1
\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtoas\uc1\u259X trebuie s\uc1\u259X-l izoleze".}\i0 \par\pard\li
3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Programul }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xrevolu\uc1\u355Xiei culturale" }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {viza: r\uc1\u259Xspndirea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {turii lui Marx, Engels, Lenin si Stalin; }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {combaterea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
deologiei \uc1\u8222Ximperialiste"; dezv\uc1\u259Xluirea si combaterea }
\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xm\uc1
\u259Xsi\uc1\u355Xelor reac\uc1\u355Xionare burgheze n toate manifest\uc1\u259Xri
le ei; }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {populari
zarea succeselor ob\uc1\u355Xinute de Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X; }\pa
r\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publicarea si p
relucrarea materialelor sovietice si aplicarea tuturor }\par\pard\li28
00\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aspectelor sociale. A nceput o
vast\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {campanie de rusifcare, }\b0 \par\p
ard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crendu-se }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {editura si libr\uc1\u259Xria \uc1\u8222XCartea Rus\uc1\u259X" }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1946), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Institutul de }\
par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259Xmnt superior n limba rus\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222XMaxim }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Gorki". }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Limba rus\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a devenit obligatorie n nv\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xm}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nt, }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ncepnd cu clasa a IV-a }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {primar\uc1\u259X. Accentul era pus pe vechimea si
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profunzimea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prieteniei romno-ruse, pe popularizarea valoril
or culturale rusesti }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {(sovietice), paralel cu denigrarea celor occidentale, consi
derate a fi }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{decadente, reac\uc1\u355Xionare. Patriotismul era blamat cu }\par\par
d\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vehemen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u2
59X. Mul\uc1\u355Xi c\uc1\u259Xrturari au avut de suferit pentru c\uc1\u259X nu
}\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au \uc1\u8222
Xdebarasat" de na\uc1\u355Xionalism si nc\uc1\u259X mai sus\uc1\u355Xineau c\uc1
\u259X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mircea c
el B\uc1\u259Xtrn, Stefan cel Mare, Mihai Viteazul, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Alexandru }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loan
Cuza, Vasile Alecsandri, Mihai Eminescu, Traian Vuia, }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Aurel }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Vlaicu erau personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi care au marcat p
ozitiv istoria }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{romnilor.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au ex
istat si unii c\uc1\u259Xrturari care s-au adaptat destul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de repede }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {\uc1\u8222Xvremurilor noi", n 1948 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au ap\uc1\u259
Xrut primele volume }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {scrise n spiritul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xrealismului
socialist": }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Vioara rosie }\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de Victor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Tulbure, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Am dat ordin s\uc1\u25
9X trag\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Ion C\uc1\u259Xlug\uc1\u
259Xru, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Otrava }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Emil Dorian
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Potopul }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de V.E
. Galan, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Descul\uc1\u355X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars

calex100 {de Zaharia Stancu. n }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {acelasi timp se cuvine men\uc1\u355Xionat faptul c\uc1\u259X n }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acel an a debutat }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scriitorul Marin Preda, cu volumul }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ntlnirea din p}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u
259Xmnturi. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, n 1948, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{au v\uc1\u259Xzut lumina tiparului lucr\uc1\u259Xri de cert\uc1\u259X }\par\pa
rd\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {valoare stiin\uc1\u355X
ific\uc1\u259X, ntre care: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Termodinamica }\i0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Stefan Procopiu si }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Supplex Libellus Valachorum}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de David Prodan. 126}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-2
harscalex100\b {Politica extern\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
Romniei - ca si a celorlalte }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xri
de }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222
Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popular\uc1\u259X" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se caracteriza printr-o deplin\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {docilitate fa\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X de Moscova, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de 4 febr
uarie 1948 a fost }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {semnat }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Tratatul de prietenie, colabora
re si }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual
\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X; acesta preved
ea angajamentul p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xilor }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de a lua n comun m\uc1\u259Xsurile nec
esare pentru nl\uc1\u259Xturarea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {oric\uc1\u259Xrei amenin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri, de a
participa la toate ac\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale avnd drept scop asig
urarea p\uc1\u259Xcii si }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii popoarelor; n cazul n care una dintre
cele dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {P\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi ar fi fost antrenat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ntr-un conflict armat cu Germania sau cu }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oricare alt stat care, direct sau i
ndirect, s-ar fi unit cu }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {aceasta, cealalt\uc1\u259X Parte i-ar fi dat ajutor
armat si de alt\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {natur\uc1\u259X. P\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xile se obligau s\uc1\
u259X nu ncheie nici o alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si s\uc1\u259X nu }\par\pard\li2
106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia parte la nici o
coali\uc1\u355Xie si nici la alte ac\uc1\u355Xiuni sau m\uc1\u259X
suri }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndreptate
mpotriva celeilalte P\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi si s\uc1\u259X se consul
te cu }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privire
la toate chestiunile interna\uc1\u355Xionale importante care }\par\pard\
li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atingeau interesele lor, s
\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xioneze n spiritul prieteniei si }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \*\tx6200\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colabor\uc1\u259Xrii pentru a de
zvolta si nt\uc1\u259Xri}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {leg\uc1\u259Xturile eco
nomice }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si cultu
rale ntre ele pe baza principiilor respectului reciproc, }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al independen\uc1\u355Xei si suveranit\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xionale, al neamestecului }\par\pard\li2106\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebur

ile interne ale celuilalt stat. Acest tratat, semnat de Petru Groza si }\par\par
d\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V.M. Molotov, era
primul document de acest fel ncheiat de Uniunea }\par\pard\li2106\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X cu un fos
t inamic, fapt ce era prezentat de }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorii romni ca un mare s
ucces, n realitate, }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {formulele diplomatice nu puteau ascunde realitatea c\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia era
ocupat\uc1\u259X de Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, iar aplicare}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {principiilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xrespectului reci
proc, al independen\uc1\u355Xei na\uc1\u355Xionale, }\i0 \par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {al neames}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {tecului n treburile interne" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era
o pur\uc1\u259X fic\uc1\u355Xiune. In }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {temeiul n\uc1\u355Xelegerii dintre }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Petru Groza si V.M. Molotov, din 4 februarie }\par\pard\li2106\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, a urmat acordul de predare}{
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a Insulei Serpilor c\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {tre URSS, semnat la }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {23 mai de Eduard Mezincescu (din partea Ministrului d
e Externe al }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Romniei) si N. Sutov (primul-secretar al }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ambasadei sovietice la }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Bucuresti). Astfel, Romnia pierdea nc\uc1\u259X o parte a teritoriul
ui }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355X
ional n favoarea \uc1\u8222Xmarelui frate" de la R\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit.}\par\
pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe linia subordon\uc1
\u259Xrii tuturor statelor aflate n sfera sa }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de influen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, guvernul sovietic l
e-a \uc1\u8222Xsf\uc1\u259Xtuit" s\uc1\u259X ncheie ntre }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ele tratate de colaborare. In }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {acest spirit, Romnia a semnat tratate }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu Bulgaria (16 ianuarie 1948) si
Cehoslovacia (21 iulie 1948). La }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de la Belgrad, }\i0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {din 30 iulie-18 august 1948, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {privind }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
oblemele naviga\uc1\u355Xiei pe Dun\uc1\u259Xre, s-a creat o nou\uc1\u259X }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comisie a }\i0 \par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Dun\uc1\u259Xrii, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
u sediul la Budapesta, din care au fost nl\uc1\u259Xturate }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{neriverane; n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comisie }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rolul hot\uc1\u259Xrtor l avea Uniunea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2613\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n zilele de 20-29}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {iunie s-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat la Bucuresti lucr\uc1\u259Xrile }\par
\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Biroului Informativ
al Partidelor Comuniste si Muncitoresti, }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la care a fost blamat\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li8080\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {127}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgws
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea Partidului Comunist din Iugoslavia, n frunte cu
losip Broz Tito }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(neinvitat la sedin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X). Sovieticii i-au cerut lid
erului }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunist

romn s\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezinte raportul de condamnare a
lui Tito, iar }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
heorghiu-Dej s-a conformat, n decembrie 1947, Romnia semnase un }\par\pard\li278
6\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratat de prietenie cu }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia, dar, dup\uc1\u259X hot\uc1\u259Xrrea Biroului }
\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Informativ, re
la\uc1\u355Xiile romno-iugoslave au cunoscut o }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic\uc1\u259X deteriorare.}\par\pard
\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1949 s-a creat}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Consiliul de Ajutor Economic Reciproc}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {(C.A.E.R.) }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xie interna\uc1\u3
55Xional\uc1\u259X de colaborare economic\uc1\u259X ntre }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statele socialiste. }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Membrii fondatori erau: Bulgaria, Cehoslovacia, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Polonia, Romnia, Ungaria, U.R.S.S. U
lterior au aderat: Albania - 1949 }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(din 1962 nu a mai participat); R.D.G. - 1951; Mongolia - 19
62; Cuba - }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1972
si Vietnam -1978. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constituit dup\uc1\u259X}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { modelul si teoriile sovietice, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C.A.E.R. a avut drept }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {scop satelizarea fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Moscova a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u25
9Xrilor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membre,
att pe plan economic, ct si politic. Obiectivul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestui organism consta n armonizarea planurilor
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si organizarea unor schimburi \uc1\u8222Xavantajoase" pr
ivind produsele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de baz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare economiilor na\uc1\u
355Xionale. \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xrile satelizate fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X d
e }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U.R.S.S. au
fost plasate ntr-o total\uc1\u259X dependen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {economia sovietic\uc1\u259X, cu asentimentul deplin al liderilo
r }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunisti l
ocali (na\uc1\u355Xionali), n special }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cominte
rnistii}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { vechi, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aservi\uc1\u355Xi Moscovei.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Economia romneasc\uc1\u259X a fos
t puternic afectat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existen\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sovrom
-urilor - }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi mixte
romno-sovietice, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {create n 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin
care o bun\uc1\u259X parte din avu\uc1\u355Xia na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a }\
par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost exploatat\
uc1\u259X n favoarea U.R.S.S. Acestea au fost }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desfiin\uc1\u355Xate n }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1956.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n 1955 s-a creat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Tratatul de la Varsovia, }\i0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care armatele statelor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste erau puse sub comand
a Uniunii Sovietice. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Tratatul de la }\i0
\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Varsovia }\i
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era o replic\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {Organiza\uc1\u355Xiei Tr}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {atatului At
lanticului de }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {Nord}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(N.A.T.O.), constituit n 1949 sub
conducerea S.U.A.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{La 25 septembrie 1954, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a adresat o nou\uc1\
u259X cerere }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
a fi primit\uc1\u259X n ONU; forurile de decizie ale organiza\uc1\u355Xiei }\pa
r\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondiale nu s-au gr
\uc1\u259Xbit s\uc1\u259X satisfac\uc1\u259X acest demers, ntruc}\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {t }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {to
tul depindea de atitudinea celor patru Mari Puteri: SUA, U.R.S.S
., }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Britan
ic si Fran\uc1\u355Xa, n cadrul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Conferin\uc1\u355X
ei }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de la Geneva }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {a }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministri
lor de externe ai celor patru, desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X n zilele de }\par\pa
rd\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 octombrie - 16 no
iembrie 1955, s-a discutat si problema primirii n }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ONU de noi state, ntre care si Romnia. Pe baza
acordului convenit la 10 }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {decembrie 1955, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xara noastr\u
c1\u259X, mpreun\uc1\u259X cu alte }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16 }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {state, a }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {fost admis\uc1\u259X n ONU. n Consiliul de Securitate, Romnia a }\p
ar\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut nou\uc1\u259X
voturi pentru si}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2773\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {128}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\
pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn626\pard\li1
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X ab\uc1\u355Xineri (S.U.A. si }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Taiwan), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Adunarea General\uc1\
u259X s-au }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregi
strat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {52 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de voturi pen
tru si sapte ab\uc1\u355Xineri.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {n primii ani, delega\uc1\u355Xia Romniei la ONU a urmat ntru }\par\
pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totul linia de c
onduit\uc1\u259X a U.R.S.S. De regul\uc1\u259X, naintea }\par\pard\li18
93\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschiderii Adun\uc1\u259X}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rii Generale, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrii d
e externe din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste erau convoca\uc1\u355Xi la Moscova (sau alt\u
c1\u259X capital\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {zona de domina\uc1\u355Xie sovietic\uc1\u259X) si \uc1\u8222Xin
strui\uc1\u355Xi" asupra modului }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de ac\uc1\u355Xiune, a votului pe care aveau s\uc1\u259X-1 dea
n problemele }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {af
late pe ordinea de }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zi. La New }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {York, n timpul sesiunilor, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consf\uc1\u259Xtuirile se desf\uc1\u259Xsurau zi
lnic, astfel c\uc1\u259X, n fapt, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U.R.S.S. dispunea de o \uc1\u8222Xmasin\uc1\u25
9X de vot", care era }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {contrapus\uc1\u259X celei controlate de S.U.A.}\par\pard\li2400\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {n plan social }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {s-au produs importante muta\uc1\u355Xii, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile }\par
\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trecerii de }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la o economi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e agrar-industr
ial\uc1\u259X spre o societate }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {industrializat\uc1\u259X, n prima perioad\uc1\u259X, forma
principal\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {manifestare a mobilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii for\uc1\u355Xei de munc
\uc1\u259X a fost deplasarea }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {dinspre activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile agricole spre cele industri

ale.}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oamenii au
fost confrunta\uc1\u355Xi, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu rezultatele }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xrevolu\uc1\u355Xiei socialiste": desfi
in\uc1\u355Xarea propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii private si, }\par\pard\li1
866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin aceasta, a burgheziei si
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mosierimii, ncadrarea ntr-un anumit }\par\pard\li186
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plan de activitate, impus de st
at. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ulterior, mica burghezie a fost }\par\pard\li18
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si ea afectat\uc1\u259X,
att prin actele de na\uc1\u355Xionalizare si }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {confiscare, ct si prin politica general\uc
1\u259X a regimului, n vidul }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {social creat a fost promovat\uc1\u259X o clas\uc1\u259X
muncitoare }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o
bedient\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {directi
vele partidului comunist.}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Pentru tineri, perioada de instruire si preg\uc1\u259Xtire
}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profesional\uc
1\u259X a fost mai scurt\uc1\u259X, astfel c\uc1\u259X ei au putut trece, }\par
\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chiar n primii
ani de munc\uc1\u259X, dintr-o categorie socio-}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupa\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X n alt
a. Originea social\uc1\u259X determina evolu\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li18
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profesional\uc1\u259X a descen
den\uc1\u355Xilor. Mul\uc1\u355Xi tineri, provenind din }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {familii de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{burghezi, mosieri, chiaburi, fosti legionari etc., nu au putut }\par\pard\li
1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unna scoala, au }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suferit al\uc1\u259Xturi de p\uc1\u259Xrin\uc1\u355X
ii lor, nu au avut }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {dreptul de a ocupa anumite func\uc1\u355Xii n aparatul de stat. n }\p
ar\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acelasi timp, nume
rosi tineri din lumea statului au str\uc1\u259Xb\uc1\u259Xtut }\par\pard\li1866\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {treptele educa\uc1\u355Xionale, d
evenind intelectuali.}\par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {b) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Represiune, rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
, colabora\uc1\u355Xionism, lupt\uc1\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pentru putere}\b0 \par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-306\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X semnarea Tratatului de
pace de la Paris, n }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {februarie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1947, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {trupele sovietice si agen\uc1\u355Xii NKVD aveau ca }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scop controlul, supravegherea,
verificarea si domina\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra noilor institu\uc1\u355Xii create}\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { si, n special, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organe
lor de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ordine
si informa\uc1\u355Xii. Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948,
n Romnia au fost trimisi }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {numerosi consilieri sovietici, care aveau misiunea
s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {su
pravegheze, s\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li7773\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i7773\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {129}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn586\pa
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndrume si s\uc1\u259X controleze ntreaga activitat
e economic\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {politic\uc1\u259X, social\uc1\u259X,}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-293\slmult0

\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultural\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ocupa\uc1\u355Xia str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259X a co
incis cu desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea procesului }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de sovietizare a Romniei. Cu sprijinul Moscovei, s-a f
ormat }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o pleia
d\uc1\u259X de activisti care au devenit instrumente de }\par\pard
\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impunere a noului s
istem politic. Stalinismul era, pentru }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marea lor majoritate, o revela\uc1\u355Xie a ade
v\uc1\u259Xrului; mul\uc1\u355Xi dintre }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activistii Partidului Muncitoresc Romn credeau
n }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preceptele ac
estuia cu o pasiune religioas\uc1\u259X, fiind convinsi }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X importul unor institu\uc1\u
355Xii de tip bolsevic avea s\uc1\u259X asigure }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modernizarea si progresul rapid al Romnie}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Impunerea unui model str\uc1\u259Xin, de organizare a }\par
\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statului si a vie\uc
1\u355Xii sociale, arogan\uc1\u355Xa ocupantului sovietic si }\par\pard\li2840\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {slug\uc1\u259Xrnicia oficialit\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor romne, m\uc1\u259Xsurile adoptate n acei }\par\pard\li2840\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani au generat o stare de tensiune
, reflectat\uc1\u259X ntr-o}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {miscare }\b0 \par\pa
rd\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {de rezisten\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
mbr\uc1\u259Xcat forme variate, de la lupta cu }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arma n mn\uc1\u259X la refuzul de a preda cotele c
\uc1\u259Xtre stat. ntre }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1948 si 1956, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Mun\uc1\u355Xii Carpa\u
c1\u355Xi si n alte zone ale \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, s-a }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o activ\uc1\u2
59X rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X anticomunist\uc1\u259X armat\uc1\u259X. }\
par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grup\uc1\u259Xril
e organizate dup\uc1\u259X legile conspira\uc1\u355Xiei, destul de mici }\par\pa
rd\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(alc\uc1\u259Xtuite n
medie din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10-40 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
persoane), reuneau fosti }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {ofi\uc1\u355Xeri debloca\uc1\u355Xi din armat\uc1\u259X, intelect
uali, \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani, legionari, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fosti membri ai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pa
rtidului National-Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Partidului }\par\p
ard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1
\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. Armamentul era
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n general, cel folosit n }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi
mondial. Asemenea grupuri au }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {activat n regiunile Pitesti, Brasov, Suceava, Gala\uc1\u355Xi
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Oradea, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cluj, Timisoara, Craiova, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Constan\uc1\u355Xa. Toate aceste grup\uc1\u259Xri au }\par\pard\li284
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost sprijinite de locuitorii d
in zonele respective, dndu-li-}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {se alimente, mbr\uc1\u259Xc\uc1\u259Xminte si ad\uc1\u259Xpost. Ei
sperau n victoria }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{democra\uc1\u355Xiei si a statului de drept.}\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {6 martie 1945, aparatul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {r
epresiune }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nt\uc1\u259Xrit, c\uc1\u259Xutnd s\uc1\u259X n

\uc1\u259Xbuse din fas\uc1\u259X orice ac\uc1\u355Xiune de }\par\pard\
li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ostilitate fa\uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259X de regim. La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 august 1948 }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {s-a creat Direc\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {General\uc1\u259X a Securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355
Xii Poporului, n cadrul Ministrului de }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Interne; Pantelimon Bodnarenko, zis Pan
tiusa (ofi\uc1\u355Xer }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {N.K.V.D.), care si-a luat numele de Gheorghe Pintilie, a fost }\par\pa
rd\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numit general-locoten
ent si sef al Direc\uc1\u355Xiei Generale a }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Poporului
. Adjunctul lui Bodnarenko a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenit Boris }\par\
pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Griinberg, alias Alex
andru Nikolski, agentN.K.V.D.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n martie 1948 a fost arestat grupul din conducerea }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {Misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\i0 \par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Na\uc1\u355Xionale de Rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X:
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Horea M\uc1\u259Xcelariu, Gheorghe Mnu, }\par\pa
rd\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Bujoiu, }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Nestor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chioreanu, Nicolae P\uc1\u
259Xtrascu. n noiembrie }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1948, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalii acuza\uc1\u355Xi au fost
condamna\uc1\u355Xi la munc\uc1\u259X silnic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, n septe
mbrie-noiembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{au fost aresta\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {membrii grupului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Misc\uc1\u259
Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale de Rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X din }\i0 \par\pa
rd\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Oltenia,}\i0 { }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condus\uc1\u259X de generalul}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {loan}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carlaon\uc1\u355X.}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {130}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
8\cf0\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sloganul lu
i Stalin, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potrivit c\uc1\u259Xruia cu ct societatea
avansa }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe calea
socialismului, cu att mai mult }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xlupta d
e clas\uc1\u259X se }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {ascu\uc1\u355Xea", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut un efect }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devastator pentru numerosi romni, a }\par\pard\li1933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xror libertate si via\
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X se aflau ntr-un}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ermanent pericol. Pe }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de alt\uc1\u259X parte, exista credin\uc1\u355Xa c\uc1\u25
9X regimul impus de sovietici }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {nu se va men\uc1\u355Xine, c\uc1\u259X ocupa\uc1\u355Xia str\uc
1\u259Xin\uc1\u259X avea un caracter }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {temporar. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XVin
americanii" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost poate cea mai p
opular\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lozinc\uc1\u259X, desi circula mai mult n soapt\uc1\u259X, fiind contrap
us\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce
lor oficiale. Ea exprima speran\uc1\u355Xa, care s-a dovedit a fi o }\par\pard\
li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grav\uc1\u259X iluzie, c\u
c1\u259X americanii aveau s\uc1\u259X-i alunge pe sovietici, iar }\par\pard\li19
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia va redeveni o \uc1\u355X
ar\uc1\u259X independent\uc1\u259X si democratic\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mitul venirii americanilor s-a men

\uc1\u355Xinut pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1956, cnd }\par\pard\l
i1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnii au cons}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {tatat c\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S.U.A. nu acordas
e Ungariei sprijinul sperat }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {pentru a se elibera de sub }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
domina\uc1\u355Xia sovietic\uc1\u259X. Din acel }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moment, numerosi romni, inclusiv in
telectuali, au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{nceput s\uc1\u259X se mpace cu gndul c\uc1\u259X regimul existent avea }\par\pard
\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X dureze vreme n
delungat\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n 1949-1950 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost aresta\uc1\u355Xi to\uc1\u
355Xi fostii lideri politici care }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ocupaser\uc1\u259X o func\uc1\u355Xie n stat nainte de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1945, fiind dusi la nchisorile }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Sighet, Aiud, Gherla, }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Rmnicu-S\uc1\u259Xrat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Mul\uc1\u355Xi dintre ei si-au }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierdut via\uc1\u355Xa n aceste nchisori: luliu
Maniu, Ion Mihalache, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Gheorghe Br\uc1\u259Xtianu, Constantin }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arget
oianu etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Numerosi fosti }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oameni politici si al\uc1\u355Xi advers
ari ai noii ornduiri au fost supusi }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {unui regim de exterminare la Canalul Dun\uc1\u259Xre }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Neagr\uc1\u259X. }\pa
r\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O alt\uc1\u259X for
m\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {represiune a fost deportarea }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {n B\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xgan a celor ce }\par\pard\li1920\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se opuneau politicii de }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sovietizare a Romniei (circa 50.000 de familii).}\par\pard\li24
40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pn\uc1\u259X n anul }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1950, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {to\uc1\u355Xi episcopii cat
olici romni, de rit }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {latin sau bizantin, au fost aresta\uc1\u355Xi: din }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {12 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {episcopi greco-}\par\pard\li1920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {catolici, numai unul a sc\uc1\
u259Xpat cu via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X din deten\uc1\u355Xie. Mul\uc1\u355
Xi }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preo\uc1\u35
5Xi ortodocsi au fost destitui\uc1\u355Xi si aresta\uc1\u355Xi, sub acuza\uc1\u3
55Xia c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {erau ostili regimului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democrat-popular.}\par\par
d\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Numerosi \uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259Xrani au fost condamna\uc1\u355Xi si nchisi, }\par\pard\li1906\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece refuzau s\uc1\u259X
se nscrie n gospod\uc1\u259Xriile agricole }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colective. Potrivit datel}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {or oficiale, peste 80.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de \uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani au }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {fost aresta\uc1\u355Xi, dintre care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30.
000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost judeca\uc1\u355Xi n procese }\par\pard\l
i1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publice si condamna\uc1\u35
5Xi.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u25
9X ce n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numerosi e
tnici germani au fost ridica\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la casele lor de Armata Rosie si tri
misi n Uniunea }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1951 a urmat un alt val de
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {represiune mpotriva acestei }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, peste

}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.000 de familii fiind deportate n }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xgan. Pe }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fondul conflictului dintre }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin si Tito, declansat n 1948, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minoritatea srb\uc1\u259X din R
omnia a avut de suferit. Circa }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40.000 de srbi au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost disl
oca\uc1\u355Xi din zona Banatului si coloniza\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n B\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xgan.}\par\pard\
li7893\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {131}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potrivit unor statistici, n anii 1948-1958, circ
a 400.000 de oameni au }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {luat drumul nchisorilor si lag\uc1\u259Xrelor de munc\uc1\u259X, dintre c
are }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trei p\uc1\
u259Xtrimi f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X fie judeca\uc1\u355Xi si condamna\
uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i; circa 50.000 de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {familii au fost deportate, iar alte 10
0.000 au primit domiciliu obligatoriu.}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Contra celor care \uc1\u8222Xnu prezentau garan
\uc1\u355Xii pentru }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {siguran\uc1\u355Xa statului" a fost introdus\uc1\u259X munca for\uc1\u355
Xat\uc1\u259X, potrivit }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {Codului muncii }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1950). }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Reeducarea prin munc\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 { a devenit }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{modalitatea de pedepsire a zeci de mii de persoane. }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Coloniile de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {munc\uc1\u259X se aflau sub administra\uc1\u355Xia
Ministerului Afacerilor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Interne si erau formate din fosti nal\uc1\u355Xi demnita
ri, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriasi
,}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
bancheri, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mosier
i, judec\uc1\u259Xtori, avoca\uc1\u355Xi, membrii }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {familiilor \uc1\u8222Xcriminalilor de r
\uc1\u259Xzboi".}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Distrugerea societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii civile, desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea
partidelor }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poli
tice, lichidarea presei libere, scoaterea din libr\uc1\u259Xrii si
}\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {biblioteci a
c\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xilor \uc1\u8222Xnecorespunz\uc1\u259Xtoare", control
area }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activit\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii ziaristilor, scriitorilor, artistilor, epurarea armatei, }\p
ar\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259Xmntului si justi\uc1\u355Xiei de cadrele \uc1\u8222Xnedemne" pentru
noul }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regim, i
mpunerea unui sistem de legi conceput s\uc1\u259X lase }\par\pard\
li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {individul f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1
\u259X ap\uc1\u259Xrare n fa\uc1\u355Xa justi\uc1\u355Xiei \uc1\u8222Xpopulare"
au creat }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cadrul
trecerii la neutralizarea tuturor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdusma
nilor poporului".}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-un climat de teroare, de fric\uc1\u2
59X si de nesiguran\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personal\uc1\u259X, mul\uc1\u355Xi au fost nevoi
\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X accepte colaborarea cu }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul, fie din oportunism, fie de groaza pedep
selor care-i }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {as

teptau dac\uc1\u259X procedau altfel. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cola
bora\uc1\u355Xionismul }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era o }\par\pard\li28
26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {form\uc1\u259X de neutrali
zare a individului si de coexisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li28
26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pasnic\uc1\u259X cu r\uc1\
u259Xul existent. Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeanul, controlat de c\uc1\u25
9Xtre }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid, nd
eplinea ceea ce i se cerea la locul s\uc1\u259Xu de munc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li
2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si n societate. A existat si
un colabora\uc1\u355Xionism dorit, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales }\par\p
ard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de unii intelectua
li care}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ocupaser\uc1\u259X anumite func\uc1\
u355Xii n vechile }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {regimuri si care s-au \uc1\u8222Xrorientt" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ra
pid c\uc1\u259Xtre Partidul Comunist, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenind slujitorii devota\uc1\u355Xi ai acestuia. Spre
exemplu, Mihail }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Ralea, fost ministru na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnist
si fost ministru n }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {timpul lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al 11-lea, a }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xcut parte }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din guvern
ul Groza si apoi, }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n timpul lui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, a devenit membru n Consiliul de }\par\pard
\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stat.}\par\pard\li3373\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n interiorul P.M.R. s-a desf
\uc1\u259Xsurat o continu\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {lupt\uc1
\u259X }\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {pe
ntru putere }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre diferite grup\uc1\u259Xr
i, care-si disputau }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ntietatea n privin\uc1\u355Xa func\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
ilor de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducere, nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {1945 }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cel vizat era Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu, pe care att Gh
eorghiu-}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dej, ct
si Ana Pauker l considerau un rival de temut. In }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1946. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n plin\uc1\u2
59X campanie electoral\uc1\u259X, P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu a fost acuzat }\p
ar\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de atitudine na\uc
1\u355Xionalist-sovin\uc1\u259X, deoarece, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-un di
scurs rostit la }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Cluj, a condamnat n termeni energici revizionismul maghiar, n raportul }\par\pard
\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentat de Gheorghiu
-Dej la Plenara C.C. al P.M.R. din iulie }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1946, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lucre
\uc1\u355Xiu}\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {132
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\ma
rgtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2026\r
d\li2026\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xs
canu era criticat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mod public. La Congresul de unif
icare }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din febru
arie 1948, acesta nu a fost ales n Biroul Politic; mai mult, a fost }\par\pard\li
2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criticat de Teohari Ge
orgescu, deoarece c\uc1\u259Xzuse }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,jub }\i0
\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {influen\uc1\u3
55Xa burgheziei"" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si era }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {,f>robabit ajutat de for\uc1\u355Xe }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dusmane". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Cteva zile mai trziu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\
u259Xscanu a fost destituit }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch

arscalex100 {din func\uc1\u355Xia de ministru al justi\uc1\u355Xiei (pe care o d
e\uc1\u355Xinea de la }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {23 august 1944) si arestat. La Plenara C.C. al P.M.R. din 10-11 iuni
e }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, acesta
era criticat chiar n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Rezolu\uc1\u355Xia" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptat\u
c1\u259X: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XUn }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {exemplu tipic de renun\uc1\
u355Xare la politica luptei de clas\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {mpotriva exploatatorilor si de pr
opov\uc1\u259Xduire a colabor\uc1\u259Xrii }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cu clasele exploatatoare l reprezint\uc1\u259X
pozi\uc1\u355Xia politic\uc1\u259X a lui }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u259Xscanu }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {[...] Partidul a respins cu }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {hot\uc1\u259Xrre teoriile }\i0 \par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {contrarevolu\uc1\u355Xionare ale,lui P\uc1\u259Xt
r\uc1\u259Xscanu inspira}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {te din }\i0 \par\
pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ideologia si intere
sele dusmanului de clas\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {".}\i0 \par
\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X o
acerb\uc1\u259X confruntare cu grupul Ana Pauker-}\par\pard\li2013\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vasile Luca-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Teohari Georgescu, n 1952, Gheorghiu-Dej a reusit, cu }\par\pa
rd\li2013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordul lui Stalin,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X-si elimine adversarii. Acestia
au fost }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dest
itui\uc1\u355Xi din func\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ie pe linie de st
at si exclusi din Partidul Muncitoresc }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn. Vasile Luca a fost arestat si a murit n nchisoare (n 1
963), Ana }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pauke
r a primit domiciliul obligatoriu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar Teohari Geor
gescu a fost }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nca
drat ntr-o ntreprindere poligrafic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X moartea l}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ui Stalin, n 1953, Nichita Sergheevici Hrusciov, }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lider de l
a Kremlin, a declansat ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de schimbare }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a conduc\uc1\u259Xtorilor partidelor comu
niste din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile \uc1\u8222Xfr\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xesti", n }\pa
r\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest context,
Gheorghiu-Dej a decis s\uc1\u259X-1 lichideze pe }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lucre\uc1\u355Xiu P\uc1\u259Xtr\uc1\u
259Xs}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {canu (aprilie 1954), n care vedea }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {principalul rival. }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apoi, treptat, Gheorghiu-Dej a reusit s\uc1\u259X cstige ncr
ederea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Hrus
ciov, mai ales ca urmare a atitudinii avute n timpul }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evenimentelor din Ungaria (octombrie-noiemb
rie 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {956), cnd a }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primit din partea liderului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {de la Kremlin misiunea de a reface }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidul comunist din aceast\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xar\
uc1\u259X, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {misiune de care s-a achitat cu }\par\par
d\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {succes.}\par\pard\li2506
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sub influen\uc1\u355Xa celor pet
recute n Ungaria, regimul de la }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Bucuresti a luat (n decembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1956)
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unele m\uc1\u259Xsuri pozitive, }\par\pard\li1973
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre care m\uc1\u259Xrirea sa}\fs

22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lariilor pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitori
si intelectuali, a }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {burselor pentru studen\uc1\u355Xi, desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea cotelor obligator
ii n }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cereale, pe
care, nc\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1946, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xranii era constrnsi s\uc1\u259X le }\par\pard\li1973
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {predea statului. De asemenea, un
ii intelectuali \uc1\u8222Xburghezi" au }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost \uc1\u8222Xreabilita\uc1\u355Xi" }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {si nc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adra\uc1\u355Xi n institu\uc1\u355Xi
i de cercetare stiin\uc1\u355Xific\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si de nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt.}\par\pard
\li2493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In 1957, }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Gheorghiu-Dej a reusit s\uc1\u259X-i nl\uc1\u259Xture pe ultimii }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xi r
ivali }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miron
Constantinescu si losif Chisinevschi - care au fost }\par\pard\li196
0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exclusi din Biroul Politi
c al C.C. al P.M.R. Avnd \uc1\u8222Xspatele asigu}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rat", }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{liderul de la Bucuresti a decis s\uc1\u259X porneasc\uc1\u259X pe o nou\uc1\u25
9X cale, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viznd d
esovietizarea Romniei.}\par\pard\li7973\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {133}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
0\par\pard\li4533\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {7. ROMANIA IN
ANII 1958-1964}\b0 \par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li341
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Retragerea trupelor sovietice (1958)}\b0 \par\p
ard\li3400\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ce, n
anii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1944-1948, Armata Rosie avusese un
rol }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {important
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ascensiunea comunistilor spre putere,
treptat, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezen
\uc1\u355Xa ei a nceput s\uc1\u259X-i incomodeze pe liderii politi
ci }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni, care d
oreau s\uc1\u259X se elibereze de sub tutela sovietic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li288
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si s\uc1\u259X devin\uc1\u259X
conduc\uc1\u259Xtorii reali ai Romniei, n consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard
\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X semnarea tr
atatului cu A}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ustria, n mai 1955, }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Gheorghiu-}\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Dej a ini\uc1\u355Xiat unele discu\uc1\u355Xii cu membrii Biroului Polit
ic al }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetu
lui Central al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Muncitoresc Romn,
viznd }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retrage
rea trupelor sovietice din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia. Aceast\u
c1\u259X problem\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {fost dezb\uc1\u259Xtut\uc1\u259X n august }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1955 n Biroul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politic, care a stabilit }\par
\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca Gheorghiu-Dej
s\uc1\u259X ridice problema retragerii trupelor }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice n fa\uc1\u355Xa lui N.
S. Hrusciov, primul-secretar al }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Central al P
artidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\sl

mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Consiliului de Ministri al U.R.S.
S.}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pru}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {dent din fire, Gheorghiu-Dej n-a dat curs acest
ei }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259Xr
cin\uc1\u259Xri, ci a preferat s\uc1\u259X-1 foloseasc\uc1\u259X pe Emil Bodn\uc
1\u259Xras }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membru n Biroul Politic si }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ministrul for\uc1\u355Xelor armate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {datorit\uc1\u259X trecutului s\uc1\u259Xu, se bucur
a de o deosebit\uc1\u259X ncredere }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {din partea Moscovei. In cazul unei reac\uc1\u355X
ii dure a lui }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Hrusciov, Gheorghiu-Dej putea foarte usor s\uc1\u259X prezinte
}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solicitarea ca
o ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X personal\uc1\u259X a lui Bodn\uc1\u259Xras. Confo
rm }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scenariului
stabilit, problema retragerii trupelor sovietice a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost ridicat\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cu prilejul vizitei lui Hrusciov n Romnia, n zilele de 21-}\par\pard\li285
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 august 1955. Referindu-se
la acest moment, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N.S. Hrusciov avea }\par\pard\li
2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X scrie: }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,fe neasteptate, tovar\uc1\u259Xsul Bodn\uc1\u259
Xras a ridicat }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {problema pentru care nu eram preg\uc1\u259Xtit, chiar niciodat\uc1\u25
9X nu }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {m\u
c1\u259X gndisem la }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ea". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Luat prin surprindere, Hrusciov a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc
1\u8222Xreac\uc1\u355Xionat }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {aspru", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X pro
pria-i m\uc1\u259Xrturisire. Un participant la }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u355Xie, Gheorghe Apostol, n ace
l moment prim-secretar al }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Comitetului Central al Partidului Muncitoresc Romn, }\par\pa
rd\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xiona c\uc1
\u259X liderul sovietic }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xa s\uc1\u259X
rit n picioare, aprins la }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si ne-a calificat pe to\uc1\u355
Xi drept na\uc1\u355Xionalisti, }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {antisovieticf}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {. }\i
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi Hrusciov a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsit}\par\par
d\li2880\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {134}\par\pard\sect\sectd
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia sup\uc1\u259Xrat, chestiunea retr
agerii trupelor Armatei }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Rosii era pus\uc1\u259X si a devenit obiect de preoc
upare pentru }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
conducerea sovietic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Se pare c\uc1\u259X a existat o }{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{curgere de informa\uc1\u355Xie" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u2
59X vizit\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Hrusciov, deoare
ce A.L. Bradford, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {vicepresedinte al Agen\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Un
ited Press, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a solicitat }\par\pard\li1960\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintelui Consiliului de
Ministri, Gheorghiu-Dej, un }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspuns n leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu retrag
erea trupelor sovietice din }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, pn\uc1\u259X la l }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o
ctombrie 1955. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc1\u259Xspunsul }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {- discutat si }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {aprobat de Biroul Politic -}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
men\uc1\u355Xiona c\uc1\u259X, dac\uc1\u259X trupele str\uc1\u259Xine }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apar\uc1\u355Xinnd
statelor occidentale ar fi fost retrase din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard
\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apusene n limitele g
rani\uc1\u355Xelor lor na\uc1\u355Xionale, iar grup\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\
pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare create n
Occident ar fi fost lichidate, atunci }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xia s-ar fi }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {schimbat si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xeste evident c
\uc1\u259X ar fi nl\uc1\u259Xturat\uc1\u259X si }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {necesitatea prezen\uc1\u355Xei trupelo
r sovietice n Romnia s }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {aceste trupe ar fi retrase din Romnia'".}\i0 \par\pard\li2493\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n noiembrie 1955, }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {cu prilejul anivers\uc1\u259Xrii Marii Revolu\uc1\u355Xii }\par\
pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialiste din Octomb
rie, N.S. Hrusciov a invitat la Moscova }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o delega\uc1\u355Xie romn\uc1\u259X, de partid
si de stat, n frunte cu }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghiu-Dej. Acesta nu a dat curs invita\uc1\u355Xiei, sub p
retextul }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\
u259X era bolnav, iar delega\uc1\u355Xia a fost condus\uc1\u259X
de Emil }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bodn
\uc1\u259Xras. Potrivit unor relat\uc1\u259Xri, dup\uc1\u259X recep\uc1
\u355Xia de la }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Kremlin, acesta a avut o discu\uc1\u355Xie cu Hrusciov n ti
mpul }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259
Xreia primul-secretar al C.C. al P.C.U.S. a spus: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{\uc1\u8222XTovar\uc1\u259Xse }\i0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {Bodn\uc1\u259Xras, noi am hot\uc1\u259Xrt s\uc1\u259X retrag
em tntpele sovietic}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {e de }\i0 \par\pard\li1946
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pe teritoriul Romnie". }\i0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Era o declara\uc1\u355Xie confiden\uc1\u355Xi
al\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
eurmat\uc1\u259X de vreo ac\uc1\u355Xiune practic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2466\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ea se putea nscrie ntr-un plan mai va
st privind detensionarea }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xiei interna\uc1\u355Xionale. N.S. Hrusciov era
convins c\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xntrecerea pasnic\uc1\u259X" dintre cele dou\uc1\u259X}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { sisteme - cel socialist si cel }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capitalist - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {socialismul avea s\uc1\u259X nving\uc1\u259X, devenind un model }\par\pard\l
i1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru toate popoarele lumi
i, n spiritul acestei concep\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetul Politic Consultativ al Tratatului de la Var
sovia a }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formula
t, la 28 ianuarie 1956, propunerea de ncheiere a unui pact de }\par\pard\li1
920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neagresiune ntre \uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259Xrile Pactului Nord-Atlantic si cele ale }\par\pard\li1920\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tratatului de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Varsovia. Un pas important pe calea construirii unei }\par\pard\li1
920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imagini pozitive a noii
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduceri sovietice a fost marcat de }\

par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condamnarea cul
tului personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii l}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ui LV.
Stalin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\par\pard\li1920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congresul al XX-lea al P.C.U
.S. (februarie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1956). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {N.S. }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hrusci
ov s-a pronun\uc1\u355Xat pentru nlocuirea metodelor de }\par\pard\li
1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comand\uc1\u259X, violente
, practicate de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {cu discu\uc1\u355Xii si }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {consult\uc1\u259Xri politice, n aprilie }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {1956 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost desfiin\uc1\u355Xa
t Bi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {roul }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Informativ al Partidelor Comuniste si }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresti, considerat o }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xsi\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X st
alinist\uc1\u259X, conducerea sovietic\uc1\u259X ini\uc1\u355Xiind consf\uc1\u25
9Xtuiri }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale p
artidelor \uc1\u8222Xfr\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xesti", la care se adoptau
declara\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {comune.}\par\pard\li7933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7933\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {135}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgws
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Relaxarea intervenit\uc1\u259X n raporturile din}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {tre U.R.S.S. si statele }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a creat
popoarelor din aceste \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri iluzia c\uc1\u259X se }
\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau desprin
de din sfera de domina\uc1\u355Xie sovietic\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pard\li
2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toamna anului }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1956 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au avut loc mari mi
sc\uc1\u259Xri sociale, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {politice si na\uc1\u355Xionale n Polonia si Ungaria. Dac\uc1\u259X n Pol
onia }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eveni}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mentele au putut fi \uc1\u355Xinute sub control, n Ungari
a ele au }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luat u
n curs }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {violent.}\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este semnificativ faptul c\uc1\u259X, n me
sajul s\uc1\u259Xu din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 }\par\pard\li2880\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie 1956, }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {noul lider maghiar Imre Nagy, a anun\uc1\u355Xat }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceperea negocierilor c
u }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U.R.S.S., n vederea retragerii trupelor }\par\pard
\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice din Ungaria
. La 3 noiembrie, Imre Nagy a declarat }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neutralitatea Ungariei, dar a doua zi }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupele sovietice au trecut la }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u259Xbusirea revolu\uc1\u355Xiei.}\p
ar\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La nceput, ofic
ialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile romne au \uc1\u355Xinut sub t\uc1\u259Xcer
e }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evenimentele
din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, iar n comunicatul semnat la 28 octombri
e }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1956 de Gh
eorghiu-Dej si losip Broz Tito - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu oca
zia vizitei }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
elega\uc1\u355Xiei de partid si de stat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne n Iugos
lavia - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se aprecia }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X nu era recomandabil\uc1\u259X o int

erven\uc1\u355Xie din afar\uc1\u259X n treburile }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interne ale altor \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ri. La l noiembrie, N.S. Hrusciov s-a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {deplasat }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{la Bucuresti, unde a avut discu\uc1\u355Xii cu liderii Romniei si }\par\pard\li
2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovaciei, pe care i-a i
nformat despre decizia Uniunii }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Sovietice de a pune cap\uc1\u259Xt prin for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u8222Xcontrarevolu\uc1\u355Xiei" din }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria. Dup\uc1\u259X aceast\uc1\u259X dat\uc1
\u259X, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mijl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oacele
de propagand\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {din Romnia au condamnat energic \uc1\u8222Xcontrarevolu\uc1\u355Xia" s
i }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au sus\uc1\u3
55Xinut represiunea sovietic\uc1\u259X. Guvernul romn a pus la }\par\pard\li2866\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispozi\uc1\u355Xie mijloacele
de comunica\uc1\u355Xie ale \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii pentru }\par\pard\
li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deplasarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {trupelor sovietice spre Ungaria.}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X n\uc1\u259Xbusirea revolu\uc1\u355Xi
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ei, la solicitarea conducerii sovietice, }\par\pard
\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ziua de 22 noiembrie
, Gheorghiu-Dej s-a deplasat la Budapesta, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unde a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parti
cipat la refacerea partidului comunist ungar n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frunte cu Kdr Jnos. n acelasi timp, Gheorghiu-Dej s-a
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurat c\u
c1\u259X noile autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi nu aveau s\uc1\u259X prom
oveze o }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {polit
ic\uc1\u259X revizionist\uc1\u259X, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile n care, n timpul revolu\u
c1\u355Xiei, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se
ceruse anexarea Transilvaniei la Ungaria. Prin }\par\pard\li2866\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea sa depus\uc1\u259X
la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Budapesta, Gheorghiu-Dej a cstigat }\par
\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncrederea lui Hruscio
v.}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La pu\uc1\u35
5Xin timp dup\uc1\u259X evenime}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntele din Ungaria, n
zilele de 23 }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {no
iem-brie-3 decembrie 1956, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o delega\uc1\u355X
ie guvernamental\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {romn\uc1\u259X, condus\uc1\u259X de Chivu Stoica, presedintele Con
siliului }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Min
istri, s-a deplasat la Moscova, unde a purtat ample }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discu\uc1\u355Xii cu liderii sovietic
i, mai ales asupra pr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oblemelor }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice. Potrivit }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xiei, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dat\uc1\u259X publicit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii n ziua de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {4 }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembri
e, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au abordat si unele aspecte ale c
olabor\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {politice si militare, apreciindu-se c\uc1\u259X sta\uc1\u355Xionarea vremel
nic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor militare sovietice n Romnia era}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {136}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
18\cf0\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesar\uc
1\u259X, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile existen\uc1\u355Xei n Europa a unui
bloc }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militar a

gresiv }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-NATO.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe baza celor convenite la Moscova, n ziua de 15 april
ie 1957, a fost }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{semnat, la nivelul ministrilor de externe, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Acord
ul }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {referitor la statutul juridic }\par\pard\li1
973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al trupelor sovietice,
sta\uc1\u355Xionate temporar pe teritoriul }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, urmat de mai multe conven\uc1
\u355Xii speciale, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {referitoare la acordarea ajutorului reciproc n problemele }\par
\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\uc1\u259Xririi s
i judec\uc1\u259Xrii infrac\uc1\u355Xiunilor si n rezolvarea proceselor }\par\par
d\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {civile, ivite n leg\uc1\u
259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu sta\uc1\u355Xionarea trupelor sovietice, }\par\pard\li1973\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la modul si condi\uc1\u355Xiile d
e folosire a caz\uc1\u259Xrmilor, cl\uc1\u259Xdirilor de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {serviciu, depozitelor, aerodromuri
lor, cmpurilor de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {instruc\uc1\u355Xie, energiei electrice, serviciilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {comunale, la repararea }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {localurilor folosite de trupele sovietice, la reali
zarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transporturilor }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {feroviare si telecomunica\uc1\u355Xiilo
r, la aprovizionarea cu }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {materiale, la efectivele trupelor sovietice si locurile lor de }\
par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dislocare. Regu
lamentul de lucru al Comisiei mixte }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romno-sovietice, constituit\uc1\u259X pe baza }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Acordului }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 15
aprilie }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1957,
a fost aprobat abia peste un an, la 10 aprilie 1958.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comparativ cu conven\uc1\u355Xiile din }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se remarc\uc1\u259X
o mai }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clar\uc1\
u259X reglementare a r\uc1\u259Xspunderilor din partea sovieticilor, }\par\pard\
li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care nu mai aveau }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dreptul de a se amesteca n treburile interne ale }\par\pard
\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {niei; comandan\uc1\u355Xii erau obliga\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X solicite ac
ordul sau }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consi
m\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul guvernului romn pentru miscarea }\par\pard\li19
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupelor, precum si pentru apl
ica\uc1\u355Xii si manevre militare.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Un alt pas pe calea normaliz\uc1\u259Xrii raporturilor ntre
cele }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u2
59X state s-a realizat prin desfiin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {area
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sovrom-urilor }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
i plecarea }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cons
ilierilor sovietici, ncepnd cu luna februarie 1957.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apreciind c\uc1\u259X se apropia momen
tul decisiv pentru }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {abordarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problemei retragerii trupelo
r sovietice din Romnia, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Gheorghe Gheorghiu-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dej a hot\uc1\u259
Xrt s\uc1\u259X nl\uc1\u259Xture din conduce}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rea }\p
ar\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Muncito
resc Romn pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ultimii s\uc1\u259Xi adversari, pentru
a nu }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {risca fo
losirea acestora de c\uc1\u259Xtre Hrusciov mpotriva sa. }\par\pard\li
1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ample manevre

de culise a fost convocat\uc1\u259X Plenara }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C.C. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al P.M.R. (28
-29 iunie 1957), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a luat n discu\uc1\
u355Xie }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
222Xactivitatea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {an}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tipa
rtinic\uc1\u259X" desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X de losif Chisinevschi }\par\pard
\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Miron Constantinescu.
Asa cum era de asteptat, cei doi }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {au fost nl\uc1\u259Xtura\uc1\u355Xi din Biroul Politic si din}
{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetul Central. Astfel, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga conducere a Partidului
Muncitoresc }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn era alc\uc1\u259Xtuit\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numai din
oameni devota\uc1\u355Xi lui Gheorghiu-Dej. De }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, au fost luate, cum am ar\uc1
\u259Xtat, unele m\uc1\u259Xsuri de }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {destindere intern\uc1\u259X (desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea cotelor
obligatorii, cresterea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {salariilor, mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea asisten\uc1\u355X
ei sociale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
enite s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {atrag\uc1\u259X masele de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni al\uc1\u259Xturi de st
atul socialist.}\par\pard\li7960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
137}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
pard\li3213\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Considernd c\uc1\u25
9X avea sanse de reusit\uc1\u259X, Gheorghe }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghiu-Dej a avut o discu\uc1\u355Xie
cu N.S. Hrusciov, n care a }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ar\uc1\u259Xtat c\uc1\u259X adversarii Uniunii Sovietice apreciau c\u
c1\u259X regimul }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{socialist din Romnia se men\uc1\u355Xinea numai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {da
t}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orit\uc1\u259X tancurilor }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice; liderul politic romn a sugera
t c\uc1\u259X ar fi fost bine s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se demonstreze lumii capitaliste c\uc1\u259X socialis
mul se baza pe }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u8222Xncrederea}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poporului".}\par\pard\li3226\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Era o idee la care Hrusciov s-a d
ovedit a fi deosebit de sensibil }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {deoarece Uniunea Sovietic}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u25
9X era acuzat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X impusese regimuri }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ne
populare n zona Europei centrale si de sud-est, }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {care se }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {men\uc1\u355Xineau numai cu sprijinul Armatei Rosii. Recenta }\p
ar\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interven\uc1\u355X
ie militar\uc1\u259X sovietic\uc1\u259X n Ungaria era considerat\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drept cea
mai clar\uc1\u259X dovad\uc1\u259X a acestei realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, n conse
cin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Hrusciov a ajuns s\uc1\u259X aprecieze c\uc1\u259X retrage
rea trupelor }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
sovietice din Romnia putea constitui un excelent mijloc de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagand\uc1\u259X pentru guvernul d
e la Moscova, n sensul c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiona pentru detensionarea situa\uc1\u355Xiei int
erna\uc1\u355Xionale, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oferind }\par\pard\li2693\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un exemplu demn de urmat si de state

le din NATO si n primul rnd de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {SUA. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, U
.R.S.S. dispunea de rachete, de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {bombe atomice si cu hidrogen care puteau ac\uc1\u355Xiona d
e pe }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriul
propriu, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a mai fi nevoie de prezen\uc1\u355Xa trupelor }
\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice n Romni}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a.}\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ndelungate reflec\uc1\u355Xii, N.S. Hrusciov a decis
s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vi
n\uc1\u259X n ntmpinarea ini\uc1\u355Xiativei lui Gheorghiu-Dej. Liderul
}\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietic a dis
cutat mai nti cu maresalul Rodion Malinovski, }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrul ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii al U.R.S
.S.., care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a dat acordul pentru }\par\p
ard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retragerea trupelor so
vietice din Romnia. Apoi, N.S. Hrusciov a ridicat }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problema n Prezidiul Comitetului Centra
l al P.C.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U.S., care a }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprobat textul scrisorii c\uc1\u259Xt
re Comitetul Central al Partidului }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresc Romn, n aceast\uc1\u259X scrisoare, semn
at\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {N.S. Hrusciov la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17 aprilie 1958, se a
precia: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JDup\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xrerea }\i0
\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {noastr\uc1\u25
9X, acum nu mai este necesar\uc1\u259X sederea trupelor }\i0 \par\p
ard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sovietice pe teritor
iul Republicii Populare }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romne ", }\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {drept care }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XCC }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {al P.C. }\i0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {U.S. consider\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X ar trebui s\uc1\u
259X discut\uc1\u259Xm, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n timpul }\i0 \par\par
d\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cel mai apropiat, prob
lema retrager}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ii for\uc1\u355Xelor armate sovi
etice de }\i0 \par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
pe teritoriul Republicii Populare Romne, rezolv\uc1\u259Xnd-o }\i0 \pa
r\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pozitiv si publicn
d un comunicat corespunz\uc1\u259Xtor n presa".}\i0 \par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n r\uc1\u259Xspunsul din }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {23 aprilie 1958, semnat de Gheorghe }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gheorghiu-Dej, prim-secretar al C.C. al
P.M.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R., se ar\uc1\u259Xta: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {\uc1\u8222X\uc1\u354Xinnd }\i0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {seama de mprejur\uc1\u259Xrile actuale favorabile,
suntem de }\i0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {acord cu propunerea de a se renun\uc1\u355Xa la sta\uc1\u355Xionarea mai }
\i0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {departe a
trupelor sovietice n R.P.R".}\i0 \par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Discu\uc1\u355Xiile dintre Hrusciov si Gheorghiu-Dej, precum si
}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {schimbul de }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrisori ntre conducerile celor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {dou\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri aveau un }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {caracter secret, nefiind}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {138}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aduse
la cunostin\uc1\u355Xa opiniei publice- Mijloacele de informare }\par\pard\li693
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mas\uc1\u259X din}\par\pard\li

1640\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259
X si din celel}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {l}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {te}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }}\fs1
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {" socialiste erau inu
ndate }\par\pard\li7986\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de}\par\p
ard\li2106\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx6533\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerile i
ni\uc1\u355Xiate de N.S. Hrus}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ov}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {' }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care}\tab \
fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { prezentat ca un }\pa
r\pard\li7733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare}\par\pard\li18
93\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcampion al p\uc1\u2
59Xcii". O larg\uc1\u259X publicit#}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {te}{ }\fs14\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {s}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {"}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}
{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dat}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Consf\uc1\u259Xt
uirii de la }\par\pard\li7186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mos
cova,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 16-19
noiembrie 1957, la care **}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 { participat reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi ai }\par\pard\li7160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidelor}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comuniste si muncitoresti din 64 de f}\fs14\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ari}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'}\fs1
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u8482X'}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { adoptat}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{Manifestul}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx5600\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {p\uc1\u259Xcii. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In ziua de 7 ianuari
e 1958, }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ziarul}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,
f\uc1\u8482X}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {v}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {dcT - }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organul central al}\par\pard\li1626\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sov'
i}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tice}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ~}{ }\fs14\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {anun}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xa decizia guvernu
lui de la}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx6560\*\tx6986\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Moscova privind reducerea for\uc1\u355Xelof }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sale}\tab \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armate}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {cu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { 300.000 de }\par\pard\li7453\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oameni,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre care si 41.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sta\uc1\u
355Xiona\uc1\u355Xi n R}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}}\fs14\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ublica}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Democrat\uc1\u259X German\uc1\u259X
si }\par\pard\li7573\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17.000}\par\
pard\li1986\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Ungaria. La 31 marti
e 1958, SoV}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ietul}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Supre
m al U.R.S.S. a lansat un}\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {Apel c\uc1\u259Xtre statele lumii, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
prin care }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ere}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ncetarea
}\par\pard\li5720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {experien\uc1\u3
55Xelor cu arme}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
nucleare si aducea la cunostin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X Uniunea Sovietic\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li5866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decis
ese unilateral s\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {nceteze aceste }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {experien\uc1\u355Xe.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {In ziua de 24 mai 1958, cu rffllejul }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {consf\uc1\u259Xtuirii Comitetului }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politic Consultativ al statelor membre
ale TV}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atatulu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {' de
la }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx8040\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Varsovia, desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moscova,
s-a adoptat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f

0\charscalex100 {prin }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {se }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\
fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { punea realizarea unui
pact de neagresiune ntre statele membre }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {le}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { Tratatului }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de la Varsovia si statele membre ale NATO. Cu acela
si prilej, Comitetul }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Politic Consultativ a aprobat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propunerea
guvernului sovietic, pus\uc1\u259X d }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx2
013\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acord}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 { g}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uvem}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ul de la Bucuresti, cu privire la retragerea de pe teritoriul Romniei }\par\
pard\li1693\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a trupelor Armatei Ro
sii. Pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X baz\uc1\u259X s-a semnat u
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Acord }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {#}\fs12\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Ministerul For\uc1\u355Xelor Armate ale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Republicii Populare Romne si }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
*\tx2760\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Minis"*}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8482X}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\tab \fs14\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {A}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc
1\u259Xr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259Xrii al Uniunii Republicilor }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietice Socialiste referitor }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la modal }\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {it
atea}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { retragerii trupelor sovietice din Romnia n U.R.S
.S., n perioada }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
15 j}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { fiie-15 a
ugust 1958.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx5186\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Din motive tactice, liderii polif}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tici}\tab \fs
14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {n}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { preferat ca plecarea }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armatei Rosii s\uc1\u259X fie prezentat\uc1\u259X ca o
ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X a guvernului }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Moscova, iar ei accept\uc1\u259X aceast\uc1\u2
59X decizie. Regimul }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ '}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti a elaborat un amplu program cu prile
jul retragerii trup}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elor }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietice, menit s\uc1\u259X exprime \
uc1\u8222Xrecunostin\uc1\u355Xa" fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Armata }\par\pard\li1
640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rosie si }\fs14\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {fa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { de U.R.S.S., }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u
259X acrediteze ideea c\uc1\u259X Romnia era o }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X socialist\uc1\u259X stabi
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {'-}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la}{\sub \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {' }}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { P'}}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lon}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {de}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { n\uc1\u259Xdejde al lag\uc1\u259Xrului}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialist.}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx594
6\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe parcursul lunilor iunie si iulie*" ' 58 }\fs14
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ost}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 { organizate banchete si }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx60
80\*\tx6373\*\tx6666\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mitinguri oficiale n numeroase lo
c '' ' }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'}\fs14\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {n}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { \uc1\u355X}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {31}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {"}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {' }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {care}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'}\fs14\

cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rost}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {i}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discurs
uri n }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cinstea pr
ieteniei romno-s' }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sov}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {et}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\fs14\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ce}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, n sta\uc1\u355Xiile de cale ferat\uc1\
u259X au fost }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
adusi mii de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni pentru a-i }{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {si}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {>}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {'}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uta}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
P}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ostasii Armatei Ro
sii care }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx6280\*\tx6480\*\tx6986\*\tx73
06\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseau Romnia, a le nmna buchete
}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { " }
\i0 \tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '}\fs14\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {e}\tab \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ura}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 { -drum }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b
un". Prin}\par\pard\li7773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {139}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margt
sxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2586\ri0\
i2586\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decret al Prezidiului
Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale au fost }\par\pard\li2586\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decora\uc1\u355Xi numerosi ofi\uc
1\u355Xeri sovietici cu ordine ale R.P. }\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romne, iar ntregul efectiv al unit\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xilor armatei sovietice }\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sta\uc1\u355Xionate pe teritoriul Romniei a fost distins cu medali
a }\par\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,liberarea d
e sub jugul fascist".}\i0 \par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X retragerea ultimelor esaloane, Comisia mixt\uc
1\u259X }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romno-so
vietic\uc1\u259X a continuat s\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xioneze, pentru
a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {analiza ce
rerile unor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni si institu\uc1\u355Xii privind
plata }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desp\uc1
\u259Xgubirilor si repara\uc1\u355Xiilor pentru daunele pricinuite de }\par\pard
\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupele sovietice; n
fapt, aproape toate cererile au fost respinse ca }\par\pard\li257
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nentemeiate sau au fost
trimise spre rezolvare }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor romne.}\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Spre exemplu, n sedin\uc1\u355Xa din
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 iunie 1958, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Com
isia }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mixt\uc1\u
259X romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X a constatat, n unanimitate, c\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toate eveniment
ele neobisn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uite }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {examin
ate au fost s\uc1\u259Xvrsite }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {de militarii sovietici \uc1\u8222Xn mod neinten\uc1\u355Xionat si a
u un caracter }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntm
pl\uc1\u259Xtor si izolat". In timp ce sovieticii urm\uc1\u259Xrea
u }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nediscutarea
abuzurilor si ilegalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, partea romn\uc1\u259X dorea }\par
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X lichid
eze ct }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai rapid problemele lega}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {te de prezen\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupelor sovietice, nemaist\uc1\u259Xruind n
aducerea de probe }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {care ar fi prelungit discu\uc1\u355Xiile. Astfel, la sedin\uc1\u355Xa d

in }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 iulie }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1958, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n procesul-verb
al se consemnau urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele: }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JLu\uc1\u259Xnd n considera\uc1\u355Xie retr
agerea trupelor sovietice }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {sta\uc1\u355X}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ionate te
mporar pe teritoriul }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Republicii Popula
re Romne, }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{precum si faptul c\uc1\u259X toate problemele care intr\uc1\u259X
n }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {compe
ten\uc1\u355Xa Comisiei mixte au fost examinate si rezolvate }\i0 \par\pard\li2
573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n ntregime, Comisia mixt\
uc1\u259X romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X consider\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {c\uc1\u259X activitatea acest
eia nceteaz\uc1\u259X, urmnd ca fiecare }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Parte s\uc1\u259X raporteze despre acest }
\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lucru guvernului respectiv".}\i0 \par\pard\li3
080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Asa cum era de asteptat, guve
rnul de la Moscova a }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {c\uc1\u259Xutat s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {maximum de foloase propagandistice prin retragerea }\par\pard\li2560\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupelor sale din Romnia. Ace
st act era prezentat ca o ini}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X
iativ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sovietic\uc1\u259X, menit\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X demonstreze sinceritatea pol
iticii de }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desti
ndere interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X pe care o promova, ca un }\p
ar\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exemplu pe car
e ar fi trebuit s\uc1\u259X-1 urmeze si statele }\par\pard\li2560\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale, mai ales S.U.A. Astf
el, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,Jzvestia", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{referindu-se la retragerea }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {trupelor sovietice din Romnia, precum si la reducerea efectivelor t
rupelor }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armatei
Rosii aflate pe teritoriul Republicii Democrate Germane, scria, la }\par\pard\l
i2560\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 iunie 1958, }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X aceste m\uc1\u259Xsuri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xar fi trebuit s\uc1\u259X ndemne }\i0 \par\pard\li2
560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Puterile Apusene s\uc1\
u259X nf\uc1\u259Xptuiasc\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259Xsuri similare si ar f}
\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {i }\i0 \par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {putut constitui un nceput practic, }\i0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {netezind calea spre o }\i0 \par\pard\li2560\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n\uc1\u355Xelegere n problema re
tragerii for\uc1\u355Xelor armate str\uc1\u259Xine }\i0 \par\pard\li2560\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de pe teritoriile altor state
. Ast\uc1\u259Xzi este clar pentru toat\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2560\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lumea c\uc1\u259X o astfel de n\uc
1\u355Xelegere nu exist\uc1\u259X numai si numai }\i0 \par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {din vina Occidentulu}\i0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {i '. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, N.S. Hrusciov, n }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discursul rostit la }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {18 septembrie 1959, de la 140}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1224
\charscalex100 {tribuna Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Generale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a O.N.U., }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a \uc1\u355Xinut s\uc1\u259X eviden\uc1
\u355Xieze }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semn

ifica\uc1\u355Xia ini\uc1\u355Xiativelor luate de Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx5880\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
pentru consolidarea p\uc1\u259Xcii si}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dim
inuarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncord\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale, men\uc1\u35
5Xionnd, n acest cadru, si faptul }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retragerii trupelor sovietice din Romnia.}\par\pard\li
2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La vremea respectiv\uc1\u259
X, pe fondul confrunt\uc1\u259Xrilor dintre }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XEst" si \uc1\u8222XVest", actul plec\
uc1\u259Xrii Armatei Rosii din Romnia }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a fost interpretat la dimensiunile l
ui istorice reale. }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Liderii statelor occidentale, domina\uc1\u355Xi de o mentali
tate }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sectar\uc1
\u259X, preocupa\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X nu acorde nici cel mai m
ic credit }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pol
iticii sovietice de destindere interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, au c\uc1\u259Xu
tat }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X
minimalizeze semnifica\uc1\u355Xia retragerii Armatei Ro}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {sii din }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Romnia, prezentnd-o ca o }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simpl\uc1\u259X
ac\uc1\u355Xiune propagandistic\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acest spirit s-a reg\uc1\u259Xsit n pres\uc1\u259
X si n celelalte mijloace de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {comunicare n mas\uc1\u259X din Occident, care s-au lim
itat la }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conse
mnarea evenimentului.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Nici liderii \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrilor socialiste nu au dep\uc
1\u259Xsit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sabloanele }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-266
\slmult0 \*\tx3493\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideologice ale}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {timpului, mul\uc1\u355Xumindu-se s\uc1\u259X prezinte }\pa
r\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evenimentul n te
rmenii Comunicatului adoptat la }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consf\uc1\u259Xtuirea statelor membre ale Tratatu
lui de la }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V
arsovia. Este ns\uc1\u259X cert c\uc1\u259X popoarele \uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259Xrilor aflate sub }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ocupa\uc1\u355Xia Uniunii Sovietice au privit retragerea
Armatei }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rosii d
in Romnia cu speran\uc1\u355Xa c\uc1\u259X aceasta are s\uc1\u259X plece si }\pa
r\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din celelalte state
europene. Si poate au receptat acest act }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu un sentiment de invidie c\uc1\u259X ro
mnii reusiser\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realizeze ceea ce pentru ei era doar un vis. Acest vis a
vea }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X
se nf\uc1\u259Xptuiasc\uc1\u259X abia peste trei decenii si jum\uc1\u259Xtate, d
up\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19
91, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca urmare a destr\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xrii Uniun
ii Sovietice.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Di
ncolo de orice specula\uc1\u355Xii si interpret\uc1\u259Xri, r\uc1\u
259Xmne }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {faptul c
\uc1\u259X Romnia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {singura \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X socialist\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {din care s-au }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {retras trupele sovietice. Istoria a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{demonstrat c\uc1\u259X, dup\uc1\u259X plecarea }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Armatei Rosii, Romnia a pornit p
e calea afirm\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\

charscalex100 {independen\uc1\u355Xei si suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii sale, a
restabilirii leg\uc1\u259Xturilor }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {ce-i fuseser\uc1\u259X interzise dup\uc1\u259X c\uc1
\u259Xderea \uc1\u8222Xcortinei de fier". }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iesirea de sub hegemonia sovietic\uc1\u
259X a necesitat mult\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abilitate politic\uc1\u259X, pentru a nu provoca
o reac\uc1\u355Xie dur\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partea marelui vecin de la R\uc1\u259Xs\
uc1\u259Xrit. Treptat, statele }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale au nceput s\uc1\u259X priveasc\uc1\u259X
cu interes ac\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, transmi\uc1\u355Xndu-i semnale ncurajatoare, n
}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {speran\uc1\u355
Xa c\uc1\u259X avea s\uc1\u259X se realizeze o \uc1\u8222Xfisur\uc
1\u259X" n \uc1\u8222Xblocul }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {sovietic". Mai ales dup\uc1\u259X ce au aflat c\u
c1\u259X reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei s-au opus politicii de integrare economic\uc1\
u259X a }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u355X\uc1\u259Xrilor socialiste, promovat\uc1\u259X de N.S. Hrusciov, prin care
}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se urm\uc1\u
259Xrea o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xdiviziune socialist\uc1
\u259X a munctr }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sub }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {egida }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
ovietic\uc1\u259X, linie pe care liderii celorlalte state membre
ale }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C.A.E.R. a
u sus\uc1\u355Xinut-o cu mult\uc1\u259X slug\uc1\u259Xrnicie.}\par\pard\li7786\r
scalex100 {141}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn613\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
18\cf0\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din septem
brie 1958, la cererea C C al P.M.R., conducerea de la }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moscova a nceput s\uc1\u259X-si
retrag\uc1\u259X consilierii din Romnia }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(cu excep\uc1\u355Xia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {c}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {torva specialisti militari), iar autori
t\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {romne au putut ac\uc1\u355Xiona mai relaxat, ncepnd un proces }\par\pard\
li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de reconsiderare a t
radi\uc1\u355Xiilor si valorilor na\uc1\u355Xionale, de }\par\pard\li2813
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschidere spre Occident.}\par\p
ard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acelasi timp, s-au de
sf\uc1\u259Xsurat intense tratative pentru }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reglementare}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {definitiv\uc1\u259X a problemelor financiare n }\par
\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspensie ntre Romnia
si statele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale, fapt ce a permis }\par\par
d\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea unor acorduri e
conomice pe termen }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lung si ob\uc1\u355Xinerea de }
\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {credite pentru a
chizi\uc1\u355Xionarea de tehnologie modern\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional, oficialit
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile romne au ncetat }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X se mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alin
ieze automat - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asa cum f\uc1\u259Xceau ce
lelalte \uc1\u355Xri }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {socialiste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- la politica }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {promovat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de U.R.S.S. La

O.N.U. si n }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{cadrul altor organisme }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale, d
iploma\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a nceput s\uc1\u259X se individualizeze, }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {adopt}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nd atitudini proprii, }\par\pard\li
2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care nu o dat\uc1\u259
X erau diferite de cele ale U.R.S.S. si ale }\par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sateli\uc1\u355Xilor ei.}\par\pard\l
i3320\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {Desovietizarea Romniei. Declara\uc1\u355Xia din }\b0 \par\pard\li3320\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {aprilie }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {1964}\b0 \par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Dup\uc1\u259X retragerea Armatei Rosii din Romnia, regimul }\par\pard\li28
13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Bucuresti a conti
nuat s\uc1\u259X aduc\uc1\u259X elogii Uniunii }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietice si conduc\uc1\u259Xtorilor
ei, a luat m\uc1\u259Xsuri represive }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva celor care se opuneau, ntr-o
form\uc1\u259X sau alta, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {acestei orient\uc1\u259Xri. Timp de circa un an s-au operat arest
\uc1\u259Xri, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
-au organizat sedin\uc1\u355Xe publice de \uc1\u8222Xdemascare" a }\p
ar\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dusmanilor sociali
smului, ac\uc1\u355Xiuni ce}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aminteau de nceputul a
nilor }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'50. }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ele erau menite s\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xadoarm\
uc1\u259X vigilen\uc1\u355Xa" Kremlinului, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care trebuia s\uc1\u259X stie c\uc1\u259X
Romnia constituia o \uc1\u8222Xverig\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic\uc1\u259X" a lag\uc1\u259Xrului
socialist.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe
de alt\uc1\u259X parte, au nceput taton\uc1\u259Xri n diferite }\pa
r\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capitale din Oc
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cident, n vederea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{normaliz\uc1\u259Xrii rela\uc1\u355Xiilor }\b0 \par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \*\tx8106\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {bilaterale, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {grav deteriorate dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1948
.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Delega\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice au vizitat S.U.A., Fran
\uc1\u355Xa, Italia, Republica }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Federal\uc1\u259X Germania si alte state, reusind
s\uc1\u259X rezolve }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {problema bunurilor confiscate de Romnia dup\uc1\u259X cel de-al }\par\pa
rd\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi
mondial. Pe aceast\uc1\u259X baz\uc1\u259X s-au }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nche
iat acorduri }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr
e statul romn si firme occidentale, viznd mai ales domeniul }\par
\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tehnologiei.}\par\pa
rd\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din 1960 }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {a nceput un amplu proces de desovietizare a }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii romnesti.
Au fost desfiin\uc1\u355Xate rnd pe r}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nd Institutul }
\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XMaxim
Gorki" (care a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenit Institutul de L
imbi Str\uc1\u259Xine), }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Libr\uc1\u259Xria \uc1\u8222XCartea Rus\uc1\u259X" (prin nfiin
\uc1\u355Xarea Libr\uc1\u259Xriei pentru }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cartea Str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259X), Muzeul Romno-Rus
(cl\uc1\u259Xdirea a intrat}\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li2826\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {142}\par\pard\sect\sect

slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-un lung proces de restaurare dup\uc1\u259
X care aici}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s-a amenajat }\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muzeul Literaturii Romne).}\par\pard\li273
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-a trecut la elaborarea de
noi manuale scolare, n care au fost }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reintroduse personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de marc\uc
1\u259X ale istoriei, literaturii si }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stiin\uc1\u355Xei romnesti. Statul a investit sume
considerabile n }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt, stiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si cultur\uc1\
u259X, s-au construit mii de scoli, }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zeci de institute de cercetare, facult\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xi, spitale, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {policlinici etc. }\par\pard\li220
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{fost restabilite contactele culturale cu Occidentul; limbile }\par\pard\li2200\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {francez\uc1\u259X, englez\uc1\u25
9X, german\uc1\u259X s-au reintrodus n scoli (al\uc1\u259Xturi }\par\pard\li2200\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de limba rus\uc1\u259X).}\par\par
d\li2720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regimul a devenit mai re
laxat; din 1960 s-a trecut la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {eliberarea }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {de\uc1\u355Xinu\u
c1\u355Xilor politici, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin decrete succesive
de amnistie, n august }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {1964 au fost pusi n libertate ultimii 10.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {de de\uc1\u355Xinu\uc1\u355Xi politici din }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia. Cei mai mul\uc1\u355Xi au primit pensii di
n partea statului, }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {iar unii au fost rencadra\uc1\u355Xi n vechile lor locuri de munc\uc1\u259X,
}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv n unive
rsit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi si institute de cercetare stiin\uc1\u355Xific\uc1\u259
X.}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica eco
nomic\uc1\u259X a continuat s\uc1\u259X pun\uc1\u259X accentul pe }\par\pa
rd\li2186\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industrializai"}\fs12\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {6}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {' }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dar, al\uc1\u259Xturi de industria grea si de cea a }\par\par
d\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construc\uc1\u355Xiilor
de masini, s-a acordat o mai mare aten\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li
2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriei alimentare si
celei produc\uc1\u259Xtoare de bunuri de }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consum (confec\uc1\u355Xii, nc\uc1\u259X
l\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xminte, articole electro-casnice }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.).}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Direc\uc1\u355Xiile obligatorii ale procesului
de industrializare }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {erau consi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {derate: electrific}\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {area, mecanizarea complex\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {automatizarea produc\uc1\u355Xiei, c
himizarea, cresterea si }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {dezvoltarea industriei constructoare de masini. }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Industriei }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {romnesti i s-au alocat fonduri considerabile. Au fost create }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capacit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {productive n toate jude\uc1\u355Xele,
s-au electrific}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {at majoritatea }\par\pard\li2
186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {localit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xil
or \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, au fost construite mari obiective }\par\
pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriale, au ap\uc

1\u259Xrut noi ramuri si subramuri economice.}\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fiecare oras s-a dezvoltat cel pu\uc1\u
355Xin o platform\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {industrial\uc1\u259X puternic\uc1\u259X, crendu-se numeroase
locuri de }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
munc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n industrie, servicii, }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistemul sanitar, nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Rata }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acumul\uc1\u259Xrilor nec
esare investi\uc1\u355Xiilor si industrializ\uc1\u259Xrii a }\par\pard\l
i2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost de }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {20-25%, una dintre cele mai ridicate din lume.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {ncheierea colectiviz\uc1\u259Xrii agriculturii n }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {1962, }\b0 \par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s-a adoptat un amplu program}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { viznd mode
rnizarea acestei }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ramuri a economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale si cresterea produc\uc1\u35
5Xiei la }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hect
ar. De asemenea, s-au nfiin\uc1\u355Xat ferme legumicole, }\par\pard\l
i2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pomicole, cresc\uc1\u259Xto
rii de p\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xri, porci, vi\uc1\u355Xei}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {etc.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Situa
\uc1\u355Xia material\uc1\u259X a popula\uc1\u355Xiei}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { s-a ameliorat, ca urmare a }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezultatelor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\
u355Xinute n industrie si agricultur\uc1\u259X. A nceput }\par\pard\li
2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construirea unor cartiere de
locuin\uc1\u355Xe, apartamentele fiind }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordate gratuit n folosin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X m
uncitorilor. A sporit }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul locurilor n sta\uc1\u355Xiunile de odihn\uc1
\u259X si tratament. }\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Satul}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
\colsr-0\colno4\colw3866\pard\li5173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {'}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par
\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}\par\column\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgw
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc tradi\uc1\u355Xional a suferit uriase tr
ansform\uc1\u259Xri, }\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {nf\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xisarea lui s-a schimbat att din punct de
vedere }\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materi
al (construc\uc1\u355Xii, drumuri, curent }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {el
ectric, autobuze etc.), }\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ct si spiritual, prin pierderea dorin\uc1\u355Xei ancestrale a \uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259Xranilor }\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {de a lucra p\uc1\u259Xmntul.}\par\pard\li3226\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {La nceputul anilor '60, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe pia\uc
1\u355Xa romneasca au reap\uc1\u259Xrut }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unele produse din statele occidentale. Au fost achizi\uc
1\u355Xionate }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f
ilme, s-au organizat expozi\uc1\u355Xii, concerte, festivaluri la care }\par\par
d\li2706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau prezente person
alit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi marcante att din \uc1\u8222Xlag\uc1\u259Xrul" }
\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialist, ct si

din Occident.}\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au
fost aduse unele modific\uc1\u259Xri la Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {1952, }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {nl\uc1\u259Xturndu-se restric\uc1\u355Xiile n privin\uc1\u355Xa exercit\uc1\
u259Xrii dreptului de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {vot de c\uc1\u259Xtre anumite categorii de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni. In
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1961, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n locul }\par\pa
rd\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prezidiului Marii Adun\
uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xion}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale a fost creat }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Consiliul de Stat }\b0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Republicii Populare Romne, organ al puterii }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflat sub controlul }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marii Adun\uc1\u259Xri Na\uc1\u355Xionale
si r\uc1\u259Xspunz\uc1\u259Xtor n fa\uc1\u355Xa acesteia }\par\pard\li26
93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru activitatea sa. La }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 martie 1961, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Gheorghe
Gheorghiu-Dej }\b0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {a fost}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales n func\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ia de presedinte al Consiliului de Stat, iar }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {Ion Gheorghe }\b0 \par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\b {Maurer }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a devenit presedintele Consil
iului de Ministri.}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Cei doi lideri politici - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej si Ion Gheorghe }\par\pard
\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maurer - }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {au fost artizanii politicii de independen\uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259X si }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suv
eranitate a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei. Conducerea de la Bucuresti a p
rofitat de }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conf
lictul dintre China }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X
pentru a-si afirma }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {propria sa pozi\uc1\u355Xie, diferit\uc1\u259X de cea a Moscovei, n problemel
e }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vie\uc1\u355X
ii interna\uc1\u355Xionale, precum si ale raporturilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {dintre partidele }\par\pard\li2693\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {comuniste si muncitoresti.}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Un moment esen\uc1\u355Xial, cu larg ecou intern
si }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\
u355Xional, s-a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat n }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {aprilie 1964, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd s-a f\uc1\u
259Xcut }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {public\
uc1\u259X si ntr-o manier\uc1\u259X categoric\uc1\u259X noua orientare
a }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernan\u
c1\u355Xilor de la Bucuresti, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Declara\uc1\u355X
ia }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cu privire la }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pozi\uc1\u355Xia Partidului Muncitor
esc Romn n problemele misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {comuniste si muncitoresti interna\uc1\u355Xional
e }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a afirmat c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2653\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx3920\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { promoveaz\uc1\u259X principiile suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
ii si }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {indepen
den\uc1\u355Xei na\uc1\u355Xionale, ale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neamestecu
lui n afacerile interne, }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {avantajului si respectului reciproc. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Partidul Muncitoresc Romn se }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {pronun\uc1\u355Xa pentru recunoasterea specificit\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xionale, }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {istorice, n\uc1\u355Xelegerea si acceptarea diversit\uc
1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de condi\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale dezvolt\uc1\u259Xrii fiec\uc1\u259Xrei \uc1\u3

55X\uc1\u259Xri.}\par\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{In document se preciza: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Respectarea strict\uc1\
u259X a principiului }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {potrivit c\uc1\u259Xruia toate partidele marxist-leniniste sunt egal
e }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n drept
uri, a neamestecului n treburile interne ale altor }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {partide, a dreptului exclusiv al fiec\u
c1\u259Xrui }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {partid de a-si rezolva }\i0 \par
\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {problemele politic
e si organizatorice, de a-si desemna conducerea, de }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {a-si orienta membru asupra problemel
or politicii}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {144}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {interne }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {si inter
na\uc1\u355Xionale, reprezint\uc1\u259X condi\uc1\u355Xia esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\
u259X pentni }\i0 \par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {solu\uc1\u355Xionarea just\uc1\u259X a problemelor divergente, ca
si a }\i0 \par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
oric\uc1\u259Xror probleme pe care le ridic\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {lupta lor comuna", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acest }\par\pard
\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spirit, }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprecia: }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JVu exist\uc1\u259X si mi poate exista
un }\i0 \par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {partid
p\uc1\u259Xrinte si un partid fiu, partide superioare si partide }\i0 \par\pard
\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {subordonate". }\i0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cu alte cuvinte, Romnia nu mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {recunostea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {suprema\uc1\u355Xia Uniunii Sovietice si nici rolul conduc
\uc1\u259Xtor al }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice n rela\uc1\u355Xiile }\p
ar\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xi
onale. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.M.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R. se
considera responsabil pentru }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {politica sa numai n fa\uc1\u355Xa poporului romn.}\par\pard\li25
20\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din aprilie 1964 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
avut un mare ecou }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional, mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales n statele
occidentale, care au apreciat-o - pe }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drept cuvnt - ca }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceputul
unei noi perioade n evolu\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politicii interne si interna\uc1\u355Xionale a R
omniei, ca un act de }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {independen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Moscova.}\par\pard
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7880\ri0\sl-

145}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
pard\li3173\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {SOCIETATEA ROMNEASC\
uc1\u258X N PERIOADA }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1964-1974}\b0 \par\pard\l
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {Politica intern\uc1\u259X; liberalizarea si limitele ei}\b0 \par\pard\li3186
\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X adoptarea }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xiei }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{din aprilie 1964 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a urmat o }\par\pard\li26
66\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {liberalizare }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a societ\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii socialiste din Romnia, }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput\uc1\u259X n timpul lui Gheorghe Gheorg
hiu-Dej, aceast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {orientare a continuat si dup\uc1\u259X moartea sa, su
rvenit\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {martie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1965.}\par\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Romnia anilor 1964-1974 }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {s-a crezut ntr-o deschidere }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {larg\uc1\u259X spre democra\uc1\u355Xie; s-au
f\uc1\u259Xcut unele ncerc\uc1\u259Xri de }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materializare a pie\uc1\u355Xei libere,
de desc\uc1\u259Xtusare a for\uc1\u355Xelor }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intelectuale, s-au dezvoltat contactel
e cu Occidentul. }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X liberalizare avea loc n anumite }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {limite, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impuse de }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existen\uc1\u355Xa unui regim de esen
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X totalitar\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noul lider, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Nicolae
Ceausescu, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ini\uc1\u355Xiat ample ac
\uc1\u355Xiuni }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
viznd reorganizarea statului si a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, n iulie }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1965, }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Partidul Muncitoresc Romn si-a luat numele de Partidul
Comunist }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn,
iar numerotarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {congreselor acestuia a nceput cu anu
l }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cre\uc1\u259X
rii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.C.R. (1921). Astfel, Congresul al IV-lea
al P.M.R. a devenit }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Congresul al IX-lea al P.C.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R. Dup\uc1\u259X }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1965 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a pus accentul p
e ideea }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {renun\u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii la \uc1\u8222Xmodelul unic" de construire a socialismului
, }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilindu-se
c\uc1\u259X se impunea luarea n considerare a }\par\pard\li2680\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xiilor specifice din
fiecare \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {La 21 august 1965 a f}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ost adopt\uc1\
u259X o nou\uc1\u259X Constitu\uc1\u355Xie, prin }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care Romnia si lua numele de Republic

a Socialist\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Romnia. Articolul l al Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei prevedea c\uc1\u259X }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Republica }\i0 \par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Socialist\uc1\u259X Romnia este stat al }\i0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {oamenilor muncii de la orase si }\i0 \par\pard\li2706\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sate, suveran, independent si
unitar", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n decembrie 1967, }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Nicolae }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Ceausescu a fost ales n func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Consiliului }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {de Stat. n 1968 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost realizat\uc1\u259X
o ampl\uc1\u259X reform\uc1\u259X administrativ\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2706\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care s-a renun\uc1\u355X
at la denumirile sovietice (raion, }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regiune) si s-a revenit la unitatea admin
istrativ\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {tradi\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X: jude\uc1\u355Xul.}\par\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Regalitatea socialist\uc1\u259X' }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a devenit o preocupare }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {important\uc1\u259X a liderilor }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politici din Romnia, n aprilie 1968 au }\par\pa
rd\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost demascate abuzuril
e si}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {146}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
arscalex100 {ilegalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile din timpul lui Gheorghe G
heorghiu-Dej, fiind }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {reabilita\uc1\u355Xi }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {mul\uc1\u355Xi activisti de partid, n frunte cu Lucre\uc1\u355X
iu }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P\uc1\u259Xt
r\uc1\u259Xscanu. Decizia a avut un caracter politic, deoarece nu }\par\pard\li2
053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost luate m\uc1\u25
9Xsuri mpotriva celor care au condus }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aparatul de represiune. Din contr\uc1\u259X, fostu
l sef al Securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alexandru Nic
olschi, a}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { fost decorat pentru }\par\pard\li2
053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcontribu\uc1\u355X
ia adus\uc1\u259X la victoria }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialismului".}\par\
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O relaxare a in
tervenit n rela\uc1\u355Xia dintre stat si }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {biseric\uc1\u259X. S-au deschis mai multe
seminarii teologice si a }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {crescut num\uc1\u259Xrul de studen\uc1\u355Xi la Facultatea
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Teologie din }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti. Au fost ren}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {ovate mai multe biserici si m\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xstiri.}\par\pard\li2560
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin Legea nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355X\uc1\u259Xmntului din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1968, }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {a fost stabilit }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {general obligatoriu de 10 clase. Din 1965 s-a }\par\pard\li2040\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introdus gratuitatea }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {manualelor scolare pentru to\uc1\u355Xi elevii }\par\p
ard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(clasele I-XII). Au fo
st nfiin\uc1\u355Xate noi universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {- la Craiova }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {(1965) si Brasov (1971). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-au dat n folosin\uc

1\u355X\uc1\u259X mai multe c\uc1\u259Xmine }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {studen\uc1\u355Xesti n Bucuresti, Iasi, Timisoara, C
luj. In }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1970 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost }\
par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inaugurat noul an
samblu de cl\uc1\u259Xdiri apar\uc1\u355Xinnd Institutului }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politehnic din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Bucuresti.}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{S-a nreg}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {istrat si o anumit\uc1\u259X }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {relaxare ideologic\uc1\u259X. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {In }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{manualele scolare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost introduse perso
nalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi dezavuate }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vehement la nceputul anilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {'50: Titu Maiorescu, George }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, Octavian Goga, Tudor Arghezi
. Au ap\uc1\u259Xrut noi }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {reviste literare, n care se dezb\uc1\u259Xteau problem
ele crea\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si universale. S-au afi
rmat puternic romancierii Marin Preda }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Eugen Barbu, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum
si tinerii poe\uc1\u355Xi Nichita St\uc1\u259Xnescu si }\par\pard\li2
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marin Sorescu.}\par\pard\li25
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Istoria - }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {mai ales cea na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a renceput s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pa
rd\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cercetat\uc1\u259X pe
baz\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de documente. Din 1967 s-a
editat revista }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u8222XMjgozz'w }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {istoric", }\i0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {care a avut un rol important n popularizarea istoriei, }\par\p
ard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv prin publicar
ea unor documente si memorii inedite. In 1968 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a }
\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {creat Societatea
de Stiin\uc1\u355Xe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Istorice din Romnia, iar n 1972
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {deschis Muzeul Na\uc1\u355Xional de Istorie al Ro
mniei. Au fost }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {publicate lucr\uc1\u259Xri de cert\uc1\u259X valoare privind isto
ria veche }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Vl
adimir Dumitrescu, Ion Nestor), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {medieval\uc1
\u259X (P.P. Panaitescu, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Stefan Pascu), modern\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Davi
d Prodan, Constantin C. Giurescu). }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Rezultate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deosebite s-au nregis
trat n domeniul stiin\uc1\u355Xelor }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {exacte si tehnice, remarcabile fiind rezultatele ob\uc1\
u355Xinute }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
Octav Onicescu (mecanic\uc1\u259X), Costin D. Neni\uc1\u355Xescu }\par
\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(chimie), Horia Hulu
bei (fizic\uc1\u259X) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. In domeniul }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {medicinei s-a }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {impus Institutul Na\uc1\u355Xional de Geron}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {tologie si Geriatrie, condus de }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ana Asian, care a si creat noi medicamente
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Aslavital }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Gerovital). }\i0 \par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arhitec\uc1\u355Xii si constructorii au putut
s\uc1\u259X-si pun\uc1\u259X n valoare }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capacit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile creatoare, att prin reali

zarea unor cartiere }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {de locuin\uc1\u355Xe, ct si prin opere}\par\pard\li7986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
x100 {unice, precum Palatul Televiziunii Romne, Teatrul de Stat din Trgu-}\par\par
d\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mures, Palatul Polit
ico-Administrativ din Baia-Mare, Sala }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Polivalent\uc1\u259X din Bucuresti, Aeroportul Inte
rna\uc1\u355Xional Otopeni.}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Contactele culturale s-au multiplicat, mul\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {i tineri romni }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {fiind trimisi la studii n statele occidentale; s-au deschis \uc1\u822
2Xcentre culturale" }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ale Romniei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Italia, Fran\uc1\u355Xa, S.U.A., G
ermania }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Filmul romnesc era prezent la marile festivaluri, inclu
siv la cel de la }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Cannes. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ce, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1957, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Popescu-Gopo ob\uc1\u355Xinuse Mar
ele }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {premiu }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru filmul de desene animate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {,curt\uc1\u259X istorie", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1965, }\p
ar\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liviu Ciulei a
cstigat premiul pentru regie cu filmul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{p\uc1\u259Xdurea }\i0 \par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {spnzura\uc1\u355Xilor", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar n 1966 p
remiul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Opera Prima }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {a fost acordat lui }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Mircea Muresan pentru filmul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {R\uc1\u
259Xscoala" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(adaptare dup\uc1\u259X romanul }\p
ar\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Liviu Rebreanu
).}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica econ
omic\uc1\u259X a cunoscut dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1964 }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o anumit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modificare. Conferin\uc1\u355Xa Na\uc1\u355Xional
\uc1\u259X a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.C.R. din decembrie 1967 }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {hot\uc1\u259Xrt o larg\uc1\u259X descentralizare a activit\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u355Xii economice, }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {planul unic adoptat la nivel na\uc1\u355Xional con\uc1\u355Xinnd numai
c\uc1\u355Xiva }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
indicatori de baz\uc1\u259X. S-a pus un accent deosebit pe }\par
\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modernizarea si
rentabilizarea ntreprinderilor industriale. }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Statul romn a contractat importante mprumuturi ext
erne, }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe baza
c\uc1\u259Xrora a achizi\uc1\u355Xionat masini si utilaje moderne
}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru econom
ia na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Au fost construite mari }\par\pard\li26
40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderi industriale n aproa
pe toate jude\uc1\u355Xele \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. Au }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {platforme industriale moderne, mai ales n domenii de vrf ca }\par\pard\li264
0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electronica, electrotehnica, pe
trochimia.}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din
1968, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a nceput s\uc1\u259X produc\uc1\u259X
automobilul }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc
1\u8222XDac/a" (n colaborare cu firma francez\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100\i {,Jtenault"), }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar n }\par\pard
\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1969 a realizat primul
elicopter: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {I.A.R.-316 }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {(n colaborare cu firma }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {francez\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Alouette"), }\i0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1970 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a intrat n func\uc
1\u355Xiune prima turbin\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {a Centralei Hidroelectrice de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {Por\uc1\u355Xile de Fier L }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A nceput }\par\
pard\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea d
e electrificare a transporturilor pe c\uc1\u259Xile ferate }\par\par
d\li2640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(primul traseu elect
rificat, Bucuresti-Brasov, s-a dat n }\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folosin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X n 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {968).}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ag
ricultura a cunoscut un proces de modernizare prin mecanizarea }\par\pard\li2626
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucr\uc1\u259Xrilor, folosirea p
e scar\uc1\u259X larg\uc1\u259X a ngr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xmintelor chimice }\par\
pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si pesticidelor, asi
gurarea de specialisti (agronomi, medici }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {veterinari), crearea de sta\uc1\u355Xiuni pentru cerce
t\uc1\u259Xri, n care se }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xineau noi soiuri de plante si rase de anima
le }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu o }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tivitate ridicat\uc1
\u259X.}\par\pard\li3146\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comer\uc
1\u355Xul a nregistrat o puternic\uc1\u259X dezvoltare. Din }\par\par
d\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1970 a fost organizat,
anual, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Trgul Interna\uc1\u355Xional Bucuresti, }\
i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {se bucura de o larg\uc1\u259X participare a firmelor indust
riale din }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europ
a, Asia si America. Romnia a nceput s\uc1\u259X exporte pe }\par\pard\li2626\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scar\uc1\u259X larg\uc1\u259X masini
si utilaje, unele dintre ele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- precum 148}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\
margbsxn493\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-213\
i0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sondele pentru extrac\uc1\u355Xia
petrolului realizate la Ploiesti si }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {tractoarele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produse Ia Brasov
- fiind printre cele mai performante din }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lume.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {Nivelul de trai }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cunoscut o
sensibil\uc1\u259X mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xire, pia\uc1\u355Xa }\par\
pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romneasc\uc1\u259X fi
ind, practic, cea mai bine aprovi/ionat\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregul \uc1\u8222Xlag\uc1\u259Xr" sociali
st. S-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat un amplu program }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de construc\uc1\u355Xii de locuin\uc1\u355Xe
, care erau oferite gratuit }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor, mai ales muncitorilor
de la marile }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ntreprinderi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ale. Asisten\uc1\u355Xa medical\uc1\u259X gratuit\uc1\u259X s-a }\par\
pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalizat. Au fost
amenajate noi sta\uc1\u355Xiuni de odihn\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li184
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratament, ntre care cele
de pe litoralul M\uc1\u259Xrii Negre. }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aparatele de radio, televizoarele, masin

ile de sp\uc1\u259Xlat, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {frigiderele, automobilele au intrat n via\uc1\u355Xa coti
dian\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {romnilor.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cea
mai spectaculoas\uc1\u259X transformare a cunoscut-o }\par\pard\li184
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {satul romnesc. Pe de o parte, tr
adi\uc1\u355Xia s-a modificat, sl\uc1\u259Xbind }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sau chiar disp\uc1\u259Xrnd vechi obicei
uri si portul popular n }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {multe localit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi rurale, iar pe de
alt\uc1\u259X parte, asaltul }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {moderniz}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259Xrii a impus asp
ira\uc1\u355Xii, mentalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi si moduri de via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u2
59X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diferite c
omparativ cu perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X. Via\uc1\u355Xa satului }\par\pa
rd\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cap\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259
X ritmuri mai nalte de desf\uc1\u259Xsurare, oamenii fiind mai }\par\pard\li1840\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezen\uc1\u355Xi n activitate
a comunit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii. S-au modernizat }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locuin\uc1\u355Xele, au ap\uc1\u259Xrut c
ase construite dup\uc1\u259X tipare urbane, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dotate cu mobil\uc1\u259X cump\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u25
9X de la oras, cu sobe de teracot\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Transform\uc1\u259Xrile radicale pe care le-a cunoscut famil
ia }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ca func\u
c1\u355Xie si structur\uc1\u259X) sub impactul industrializ\uc1\u259Xr
ii si }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urbaniz
\uc1\u259Xrii s-au materializat n cresterea duratei scolariz\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\p
ard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si instruirii n g
eneral, participarea femeii la activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li
1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice neagricole, cr
esterea mobilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii sociale, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sc\uc1\u259Xderea mortalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u3
55Xii infantile, dezvoltarea sistemului de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigur\uc1\u259Xri sociale, cresterea s
tandardului de via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reducerea costului cresterii si educa\uc1\u
355Xiei copiilor, sl\uc1\u259Xbirea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {influen\uc1\u355Xei religiei si a normelor morale.}\par\
pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X p
arte, un impact profund negativ 1-a avut }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decretul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consiliului de
Stat din octombrie 1966 prin care s-a interzis }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreruperea cursului sarcinii pentru femeile c}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {are aveau mai pu\uc1\u355Xin de }\par\pard\li1826\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trei copii. Deoarece n Romnia
nu se g\uc1\u259Xseau }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {contraceptive, foarte multe femei au recurs la avortur
i }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spontane, n ur
ma c\uc1\u259Xrora nu pu\uc1\u355Xine si-au pierdut via\uc1\u355Xa.}\par\pard\li
2346\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {Politica extern\uc1\u259X; implicarea Romniei n }\b0 \par\pard\li18
40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {marile probleme }\b0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {ale lumii}\b0 \par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Politica extern\uc1\u259X a Romniei avea la baz\uc1\u259X pa
tru}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {principii, }\b0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formulate}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\
uc1\u259X din aprilie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1964, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {care se bucurau de o larg\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \

fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {recunoastere interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X: ega
litatea n drepturi, }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {neamestecul n treburile interne, integritatea teritorial\uc1\u259X si }\
par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suveranitatea na\
uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, avantajul reciproc.}\par\
pard\li7773\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {149}\par\pard\sect\se
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{964, n timp ce celelalte state socialiste europene urmau }\par\pard\li2893\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nti }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totu
l linia Moscovei, Romnia promova o politic\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2893\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extindere a rela\uc1\u355Xiilor d
e cooperare cu lumea occidental\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Independen\uc1\u355Xa Romniei n politica extern\uc1\u2
59X s-a materializat }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {n forme multiple: vizita unor lideri occidentali, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {precum Charles }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de Gaulle, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Fran\uc1\u355Xei
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1968), Richard Nixon (1969) si }\par\pard\li2
893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gerald Ford (1975), }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xii S.U.A.; men\uc1\u355Xinerea unor rela\
uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cor
diale cu Iugoslavia; stabilirea de}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { rela\uc
1\u355Xii diplomatice cu }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Republica Federal\uc1\u259X Germania; men\uc1\u355Xinerea
rela\uc1\u355Xiilor }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {diplomatice cu Israelul, n contextul r\uc1\u259Xzboiului dintre acest }\par\
pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stat si \uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259Xrile arabe. Romnia a aderat la importante }\par\pard\li2893
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organisme interna\uc1\u355Xion
ale (Fondul Monetar Interna\uc1\u355Xional, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Banca Mondial\uc1\u259X), a semnat ac
orduri de colaborare cu }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Comunitatea Economic\uc1\u259X European\uc1\u259X (care r
eunea statele }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{capitaliste). Ca o recunoastere a politicii interna\uc1\u355Xionale
}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promovate de R
omnia, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1967, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministr
ul s\uc1\u259Xu de externe, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Corneliu M\uc1\u259Xnescu, a fost ales presedintele Adu
n\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Generale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a O.N.U., }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{fiind cel dinti diplomat dintr-o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2
893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialist\uc1\u259X care a oc
upat aceast\uc1\u259X nalt\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xie.}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Atitudinea ferm\uc1\u259X, de condam
nare energic\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {interven\uc1\u355Xiei U.R.S.S. si a altor state membre ale Tratatu
lui de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Varso
via mpotriva Cehoslovaciei}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, n august 1968, }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {declara\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Nicolae Ceausescu, potrivit c\uc1\u259Xreia Romnia av
ea s\uc1\u259X-si }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {apere cu orice pre\uc1\u355X independen\uc1\u355Xa si integritate
a }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritorial\uc
1\u259X, au creat un puternic sentiment de solidaritate }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Poporul ro
mn a sus\uc1\u355Xinut aceast\uc1\u259X atitudine a lui }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceausescu. n acel context, numero
si cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni romni, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv fosti de\uc1\u355Xinu\uc1\u355Xi politici, au i
ntrat n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P.C.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R. Prin pol
itica }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promovat\
uc1\u259X si implicarea sa n rezolvarea unor probleme }\par\pard\li28
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {complexe ale contemporaneit
\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, liderul politic romn a }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dobn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dit un au
tentic prestigiu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\
li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din 1968, }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {succesele ob\uc1\u355Xinute pe plan intern si }\par\par
d\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xional
au nceput s\uc1\u259X fie puse de propaganda de }\par\pard\li2853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid pe seama unui singur om: Ni
colae Ceausescu. Astfel, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {a nceput s\uc1\u259X se creeze un cult al personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355
Xii acestu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe }\par
\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de alt\uc1\u259X par
te, Ceausescu a profitat de acest context pentru }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a-si consolida }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pu
terea. La Congresul al X-lea al P.C.R., din 1969, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
-a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instituit fu
nc\uc1\u355Xia de secretar general al partidului; acesta era }\par\pard\li2853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales de Congres si nu de Comitetul
Central, ca pn\uc1\u259X atunci. }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, secretarul general nu mai era, nici m\uc1\u259Xcar din
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {punct de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vedere formal, subordonat Comitetului Central.}\par\pard
\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1971, }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X o vizit\uc1\u259X n China si n Coreea de Nord, }\par\pa
rd\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu, p
rofund impresionat de cultul }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii celor doi lideri }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(Mao Ze Dong }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Kim Ir Sen), a
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decis s\uc1\u2
59X se aplice pe meleagurile Romniei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {150}\par\pard\s
\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea practici. Una dintre
primele ac\uc1\u355Xiuni a fost }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptare? unui plan de m\uc1\u259Xsuri viznd activitate
a politico-}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6853\colsr-0\colno2\colw4586\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {educativ\uc1\u259X, reafirmarea \uc1\u8222
Xspiritului}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
muncitoresc }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revolu\uc1
\u355Xionar" n ntreaga activitate economica si social\uc1\u259X. A }\par\pard\li19
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost criticat \uc1\u8222Xspiri
tul intelectual ist" promovat n munca de }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagand\uc1\u259X; s-a nfiin\uc1\u355Xat Consiliu
l Culturii si Educa\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialiste, ca organ de partid si de}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {stat.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n func\uc1\u355Xii de conducere au fost promova\uc1\u355Xi \uc1\u
8222Xoameni }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noi
", devota\uc1\u355Xi lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu.
n 1973, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {so\uc1\u355Xia acestuia, }\par\pard\li

1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elena Ceausescu, a fos
t aleas\uc1\u259X n Comitetul Politic }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Executiv, devenind, treptat, a doua persoan\uc1\u25
9X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidului si statului. Prin sistemul \uc1\u8222Xro
tirii cadrelor", nici un activi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st nu }\par\pard\li1
933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai era sigur pe postul s\uc1
\u259Xu, astfel c\uc1\u259X mul\uc1\u355Xi dintre acestia, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentai a se men\uc1\u355Xine n func\u
c1\u355Xiile de conducere, au adoptat o }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atitudine slugarnic\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
X de Nicolae Ceausescu. S-au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {acumulat astfel premisele instaur\uc1\u259Xrii cultului per
sonalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {care avea s\uc1\u259X domine societatea romneasc\uc1\u259X, ncepnd
cu }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1974, cnd Nic
olae Ceausescu a devenit cel dinti presedinte al Romniei.}\par\pard\li7800\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li78
calex100 {151}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
r\pard\li3613\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {9. }\b0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {ANII CULTULUI PERSONALIT\uc1\u258X\uc1\u354XII }\b0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {(1974-1989)}\b0 \par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
f0\charscalex100 {a) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Situa\uc1\u355Xia intern\uc1
\u259X; realiz\uc1\u259Xri si crize}\b0 \par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anul 1974 a marcat preluarea tuturor prghiilor de conduce
re de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u25
9Xtre Nicolae Ceausescu. A fost modificat\uc1\u259X Constitu\uc1\u35
5Xia, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind i
nstituit\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xia de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {prese
dinte al Republicii Socialiste }\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 28 mar
tie 1974, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aceast\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xie
a fost ales }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Nicolae Ceausescu. n aceeasi zi, Ion }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G
heorghe Maurer, care }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {avusese un rol important att n alegerea lui Nicolae Ceausescu n fruntea }
\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidului, n
martie 1965, ct si n procesul de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liberali
zare, de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dest

indere intern\uc1\u259X si de dezvoltare a rela\uc1\u355Xiilor Romniei cu }\par\p
ard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lumea occidental\uc1\u
259X, a demisionat din fruntea guvernului, n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al Consiliului de
Ministri a fost ales }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Marea M\uc1\u259Xnescu, un apropiat al familiei Ceausescu.}\par\pard\li33
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Congresul al XI-lea al
P.C.}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R., desf\uc1\u259Xsurat n noiembrie }\par\
pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1974, a adoptat }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Programul Partidului Comunist Romn de }\i0 \
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {f\uc1\u259Xurir
e a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii socialiste multilateral dezvoltate
si }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {nainta
re a Romniei spre comunism, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care trasa liniile
de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evolu\uc1\u3
55Xie a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii n urm\uc1\u259Xtorii }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {20-25 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani. Se preconiza }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltarea puternic\uc1\
u259X a for\uc1\u355Xelor de produc\uc1\u355Xie, a }\par\pard\li2866\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {productivit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii
muncii, a nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului, stiin\uc1\u355Xei si culturii,
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ridicarea niv
elului de civiliza\uc1\u355Xie a ntregului popor. Prin }\par\pard\li28
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndeplinirea acestui program
se considera c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xse va }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschide calea trecerii la faza superioar\
uc1\u259X a socialismului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societatea}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {comunist\uc1\u259X".}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Perioada 1974 - 1989 a fost extrem de contradictorie, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {economia }\b0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au
continuat evolu\uc1\u355Xiile pozitive din perioada }\par\pard\li2866\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anterioar\uc1\u259X, pn\uc1\u259X
n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1980-1981. S-a extins colaborarea cu fi
rme }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industriale
din statele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale, n vederea moderniz\uc1\u2
59Xrii si }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvo
lt\uc1\u259Xrii unor ntreprinderi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rom}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {nesti. Procesul de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retehnologizare a economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale s-a des
f\uc1\u259Xsurat ntr-un }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ritm accelerat. Stiin\uc1\u355Xa romneasc\uc1\u259X a fost ra
cordat\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {nivelul exigen\uc1\u355Xelor mondiale, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1975
, Romnia realiza calculatorul }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {Felix-512, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu o capacitate d
e 300.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opera\uc1\u355Xii pe secund\uc1\u259X
, n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acelasi an,
a intrat n}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {152}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margt
sxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1933\ri0\
i1933\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xiune prima pl
atform\uc1\u259X pentru exploatarea \uc1\u355Xi\uc1\u355Xeiului si a }\par\pard\
li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gazelor naturale din Mare
a Neagr\uc1\u259X, iar pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989 }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {mai dat n folosin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X alte sase asemenea
platforme. A }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n

ceput construc\uc1\u355Xia centralei nucleare de la Cernavod\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(n colaborare
cu Canada) si a Uzinei de Ap\uc1\u259X Grea de la }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Halnga (lng\uc1\u259X Drobeta Turnu-Severin).
In }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1986 s-a inaugurat }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {podul rutier }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{si feroviar ntre Fetesti si Cernavod\uc1\u259X. A continuat }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de electrificare
a transportului pe calea ferat\uc1\u259X, s-au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construit zeci de nave fluviale si maritime pent
ru transportul }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
de minereuri si petrol, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1980, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {la Br\uc1\u259Xila, a fost lansat\uc1\u259X la ap\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\
li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prima nav\uc1\u259X de pes
cuit oceanic, urmat\uc1\u259X de altele, astfel c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia se plasa pe locul al doilea n lume (dup\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U.R.S.S.)
n privin\uc1\u355Xa capacit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si a num\uc1\u259Xrului de vas
e din }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest d
omeniu. In }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1974 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sa inaugurat drumul na\uc1\u355Xional }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transf\uc1\u259Xg\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsan. n 1}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {979 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a dat n folosin\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X primul tronson al }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {metroului din Bucuresti, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {198
4 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a ncheiat construc\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\l
i1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {canalului Dun\uc1\u259Xre-M
area Neagr\uc1\u259X; astfel, a fost redus traseul }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe ap\uc1\u259X dintre Cernavod\uc1\u259X si
Constan\uc1\u355Xa. Romnia a devenit o }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X produc\uc1\u259Xtoare de avioane
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- n 1982 a avut loc zborul avionului }\par\pard\li19
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de pasageri ROM-BAC 1-11, cons
truit n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborare cu o firm\uc1\u259X din }\par\par
d\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Britanic; pn\uc1\u2
59X n 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {989 au fost construite 9 asemenea aparate. }\
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din 1987, }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a nceput s\uc1\u259X construiasc\uc1\u259X
avioane de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
vn\uc1\u259Xtoare si bombardament la I.A.R. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Brasov
, precum si avioane }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {de bombardament (n colaborare cu Iugoslavia) la Craiova, n 1981
, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pilotul }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn Dumitru Prunariu a efectuat un zbor n spa\uc1\u355Xiu
l }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cosmic pe nav
a sovietic\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,oiuz-40".}\i0 \par\pard\li24
53\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n agricultur\uc1\u259X au
continuat dotarea cu masini si }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tractoare, folosirea pe scar\uc1\u259X larg\uc1\u259X a
insectofungicidelor si a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ngr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xmintelor chimice. S-a trecut la aplicarea unui
vast }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plan de
mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xiri funciare si au fost irigate
peste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {milioane ha. S-au construit noi combinate avicole si de
crestere a porcilor.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {n domeniul social }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut p
olitica de sus\uc1\u355Xinere din }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {partea statului a unor utilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi p

ublice (scoli, gr\uc1\u259Xdini\uc1\u355Xe, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spitale). S-a accelerat programul viznd
construc\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {locuin\uc1\u355Xe, dintre care o parte se repartiza gra
tuit }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u2
59X\uc1\u355Xenilor, iar cealalt\uc1\u259X parte era vndut\uc1\u259X
prin oficiile }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{pentru construirea de locuin\uc1\u355Xe proprietate personal\uc1\u259X.}\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\coln
o1\colw6280\colsr-0\colno2\colw5160\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul si cultura}\b0 \par\col
umn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au dezvoltat, }\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard
\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrndu-se rezultate
invidiate de celelalte \uc1\u8222X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li19
20\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste surori", care conti
nuau s\uc1\u259X urmeze linia politic\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideologic\uc1\u259X trasat\uc1\u259X de
Kremlin, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1980, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
func\uc1\u355Xionau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {164 }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lectorate de}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ limba, literatura si civiliza\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {36 de }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {centre universitare din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {str\uc1\u259Xin\
uc1\u259Xtate, n acelasi an, n Romnia }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {studiau circa}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.00
0 de tineri din 58 de state ale lumii.}\par\pard\li7893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {153}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca o
apreciere a rezultatelor ob\uc1\u355Xinute de istoricii }\par\pard\
li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni, n }\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {1980 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat la Bucures
ti cel de-al XV-lea }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Congres Interna\uc1\u355Xional de Stiin\uc1\u355Xe}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Istorice.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{S-au publicat lucr\uc1\u259Xri privind r\uc1\u259Xscoala lui Horea }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {(David }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Prodan), }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xurirea statului
na\uc1\u355Xional unitar (Stefan Pascu). }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Istoria de dup\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1918 a }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput s\uc1\u259X fie abordat\uc1\u
259X pe baz\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {documente, publicndu-se lucr\uc1\u259Xri esen\uc1\u355Xiale priv
ind }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidele
politice, monarhia, regimul politic din perioada }\par\pard\li2946\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelic\uc1\u259X, n domeniul lit
eraturii s-au remarcat romancierul }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Marin Preda }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Delirul - }\i0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1975, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Via\uc1\u355Xa c
a o prad\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1977), criticul literar }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Alexandru Piru }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Istoria li
teraturii romne din cele mai vechi }\i0 \par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {timpuri pn\uc1\u259X azi }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {\uc1\u8212X }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1981). Au fost pu
blicate 16 volume din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Opera }\i0 \par\pard\li29
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {complet\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs1

8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a lui Mihai Eminescu (edi\uc1\u355Xie ini\uc1\u
355Xiat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Perpessicius).}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Filmul romnesc a evocat activitatea unor mari p}\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ersonalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Burebista, Mircea cel B\uc1\u259Xtrn,
Stefan cel Mare, Dimitrie }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {Cantemir) }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si eveniment
e }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Independen\uc1\u355Xa }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {din 1877). S-au ridicat }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numeroase statui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Stefan
cel Mare - }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vaslui, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {Mihai Viteazul - }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cluj, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {Avram }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {l\uc1\u259Xncii }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Trgu-Mures, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Independen\uc1\u355Xa
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Cal
afat si Iasi etc.). S-au }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {construit \uc1\u8222Xcentre civice" n aproape toate marile orase,
hoteluri }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Moldova }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {- }\par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iasi, }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Delta- }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tulcea, }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Bucuresti }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {Doroban\uc1\u355Xi }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }
\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n capital\uc1\u259X), magazine }\par\pard\li2933\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Unirea, Bucur Obor }\i0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Bucuresti, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Tomis
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Constan\uc1\u355Xa, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {Petrodava - }\i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Piatra Neam\uc1\u355X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.), centre
cultural-sportive }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Palatul Sporturilor si }\
i0 \par\pard\li2933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Culturii, P
alatul Pionierilor}\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Bucuresti).}\par\pard\li
3440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au fost restaurate unele mon
umente istorice si de art\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Trophaeum Trajani }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
la Adamclisi, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Curtea Domneasc\uc1\u259X }
\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cmpulung, fostele }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pala
te regale }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Cotroceni, Scrovistea
si }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S\uc1\u259
Xvrsin, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Biserica Neagr\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {din Brasov, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {m\uc1\u259Xn\uc
1\u259Xstirea Hurez }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \par\pard\li290
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vlcea etc.).}\par\pard\li3440\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elevii din Romnia au ob\uc1\
u355Xinut performan\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {excep\uc1\u355Xionale la olimpiadele interna\uc1\u355Xion
ale (mai ales la }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {matematic\uc1\u259X). S-au nregistrat mari }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {succese sportive }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\par\pard\li292
0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campionate mondiale si eu
ropene. Sportivi precum Nadia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Com\uc1\u259Xne
ci }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(care n }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1976, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la Olimpiada de la Mo
ntereal, a ob\uc1\u355Xinut prima }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {not\uc1\u259X de l O din istoria gimnasticii mondiale, a cstig
at trei }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {medalii
de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aur), Ivan }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pa\uc1\
u355Xaichin (caiac-canoie), Ilie N\uc1\u259Xstase si }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-25

3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Io}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Tiriac (t
enis de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cmp) erau cunoscu\uc1\u355Xi pe toate meridi
anele }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lumii.}\p
ar\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evolu\uc1\u355Xiil
e pozitive, n esen\uc1\u355Xa lor, dar care se nscriau n }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exigen\uc1\u355Xele politicii Partidu
lui Comunist si, mai ales, ale lui }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu, s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {curmat aproape brusc la nceputul anilor '80.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu a decis, n 1981, }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X-si achite, }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-un }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {termen ct ma
i scurt, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ntreaga datorie extern\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(circa 10 }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {miliarde dolari), 154}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn122
40\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn546\pard\li2053\ri0\s
0\charscalex100 {pentru a se asigura \uc1\u8222Xdeplina independen\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X" a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii si a }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evita amestecul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u8222Xstatelor imperialiste" n treburile sale interne. Pentru }\par\p
ard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {procurarea sumelor }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare, s-a recurs la for\uc1\u355Xarea exportului,
}\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produsele ro
mnesti fiind adesea vndute sub pre\uc1\u355Xul de }\par\pard\li2053\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cost. Aceast\uc1\u259X politic\
uc1\u259X a dus la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {deteriorarea rapid\uc
1\u259X a }\b0 \par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {situa\uc1\u355Xiei economice }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a \uc1\u355X\uc
1\u259Xrii, n timp ce statele occidentale }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intrau n \uc1\u8222Xera electronic\uc1\u259X", a calc
ulatoarelor, Romnia nu }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {mai investea fonduri n scopul moderniz\uc1\u259Xrii industriei si a }\par
\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celorlalte ramuri
economice, fapt ce ducea la sc\uc1\u259Xderea }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {productivit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii munc
ii.}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Exportarea b
unurilor d}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e prim\uc1\u259X necesitate a creat o pen
urie }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alimentar\
uc1\u259X intern\uc1\u259X, iar criza petrolului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declansat\uc1\u259X pe plan }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondial la nceputul anilor '80-a
avut consecin\uc1\u355Xe grave }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra economiei romnesti. Desi situa\uc1\u355Xia economi
c\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
deteriora de la un an la altul, Nicolae Ceausescu continua }\par\pard\li2053\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X sus\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259
X c\uc1\u259X Romnia cunostea o dezvoltare accelerat\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2560\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Paralel cu eforturile pentru achi
tarea rapid\uc1\u259X a datoriei }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {externe, din ini\uc1\u355Xiativa lui Nicolae Ceausesc
u s-au derulat }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {programe de construc\uc1\u355Xii uriase, precum Casa Poporului, a }\par\
pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doua cl\uc1\u259Xdi
re ca propor\uc1\u355Xii din lume (dup\uc1\u259X cea a }\par\pard\
li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentagonului), n domeniul i
ndustriei s-au dezvoltat ramuri }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {energofage (aluminiu, ciment, sticl\uc1\u259X). Desi criza petr
olului }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {afecta

profund Romnia, Nicolae Ceausescu a continuat }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \*\tx7160\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiunile viznd ext
inderea industriei}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {petrochim}\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ice }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(combinatele de la Pitesti, Midia-N\uc1\u259Xvodari, Borzesti). Pentru }\par\pa
rd\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinerea \u
c1\u8222Xindependen\uc1\u355Xei energetice", s-a pus accent pe }\par\p
ard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construc\uc1\u355Xia
de termocentrale, prin folosirea c\uc1\u259Xrbunelui de }\par\pard\li2
040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calitate inferioar\uc1\u259X
din Valea Jiului (Rogojelu, Turceni). S-au }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltat mari combinate siderurgice (G
ala\uc1\u355Xi, C\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u259Xrasi, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Trgoviste). n dorin\uc1\u355Xa de a realiza construc
\uc1\u355Xii noi, de care s\uc1\u259X-}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si lege numele, Nicolae Ceausescu a dispus demolarea unui
}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xr
considerabil de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imobile, ntre care si monume}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nte istorice, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv biserici si m\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xstiri.}\par\par
d\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n 1984, }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {el a lansat teza \uc1\u8222Xnoii revolu\uc1\u355Xii agrare", prin ca
re }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se urm\uc1
\u259Xrea ob\uc1\u355Xinerea unor produc\uc1\u355Xii foarte ridicate. }
\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru a fac
e pe plac conduc\uc1\u259Xtorului, s-a ajuns la o }\par\pard\li2040
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adev\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X ntr
ecere ntre jude\uc1\u355Xe, fiecare raportnd }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {produc\uc1\u355Xii care dep\uc1\u259Xseau cu
mult rezultatele reale.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul, stiin\uc1\u355Xa si cultura
}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost puternic }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politizate, n 1984, la Congresul
al XIII-lea al P.C.R., s-a adoptat }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Programul ideologic }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {al partidului, care viza aplicarea ntocmai a politicii }\par\pard\li2026\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oficiale n domeniile }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului, stiin\uc1\u355Xei
si culturii. Desi }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cenzura era legal desfiin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X nc\uc1\u259X din }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1969, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fapt ea se
}\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exercita cu mu
lt\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xexigen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X" prin Sec\uc1\u355Xia Propaga
nd\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C.C. }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al P.C.R. Scriitorii, artistii, istoricii reu
seau cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mult\uc1\u259X dificultate s\uc1\u259X }\p
ar\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocoleasc\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u8222Xfoarfecele" cenzurii de partid, ntregul aparat }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de propagand\uc1\u259X a}\par\pard\li
7973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {155}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
page\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn560\par
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost pus n slujba prosl\uc1\u259Xvirii lui Nicolae
Ceausescu. Acesta era }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {prezentat drept \uc1\u8222Xcel mai bun fiu al poporului romn", iar }\par\
pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada de dup\uc1\u
259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Congresul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al IX-l
ea era numit\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222XEpoca de }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aur" a Romniei. Un des\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355Xat

}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {cult al }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {p
ersonalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era }\par\pard
\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propagat prin pres\uc
1\u259X, radio, televiziune, mari manifesta\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li281
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {populare etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Ajungnd s\uc1\u259X se cread\uc1\u259X un om providen\u
c1\u355Xial, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {at
otstiutor, Nicolae Ceausescu a nceput s\uc1\u259X dea \uc1\u8222Xindica\uc1\u355X
ii" nu }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numai
muncitorilor si \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xranilor, dar si scriitorilor, artis
tilor, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construc
torilor, arhitec\uc1\u355Xilor, cercet\uc1\u259Xtorilor stiin\uc1\u355Xifi
ci }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Voluntarismul, decizia conduc\uc1\u259Xtorului unic au de
venit politic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {de stat.}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {Situa\uc1\u355Xia social\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romni
a s-a}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { deteriorat rapid. Unele }\par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {facilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi din }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anii '60-'70 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au nceput s\u
c1\u259X fie anulate (cele mai }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {multe locuin\uc1\u355Xe erau repartizate contracost, de
venind }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propriet
ate personal\uc1\u259X, asisten\uc1\u355Xa medical\uc1\u259X gratuit\uc1
\u259X a fost }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {restrns\uc1\u259X n favoarea consulta\uc1\u355Xiilor la policlinicile cu plat\u
c1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locur
ile la odihn\uc1\u259X si tratament se acordau att gratuit, ct si }\par\pard\li281
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx4320\*\tx5653\*\tx6120\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cont
racost,}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitorilor}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 { -}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declara\uc1\u355Xi proprietari ai
}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreprinderilor
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- li se oprea o parte}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {din salarii ca \uc1\u8222Xp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi sociale".}\par\pard\li3320\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cea mai afectat\uc1\u259X a fost
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea. Cstignd extrem }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de pu\uc1\u355Xin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gospod\uc1\u259Xriile agricole colective (numit
e, din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1966, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cooperative agricole de produc\uc1\u355Xie), foarte m
ul\uc1\u355Xi \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani au }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nevoi\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X plece la
oras, devenind muncitori (de }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {regul\uc1\u259X, necalifica\uc1\u355Xi) n ntreprinderi
industriale sau pe }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {santierele de construc\uc1\u355Xii. S-a produs o depopulare
a }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {satelor, cu
consecin\uc1\u355Xe negative asupra for\uc1\u355Xei de munc\uc1\u259X, n }\par\p
ard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceste condi\uc1\u35
5Xii, pentru strngerea recoltei s-a recurs la }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militari, elevi si studen\uc1\u355Xi.}\
par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Intelectualitatea
resim\uc1\u355Xea dureros lipsa de libertate, de }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democra\uc1\u355Xie, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {regimul ce}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nzurii si al supravegherii din part
ea }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Securit\uc1\
u259X\uc1\u355Xii. Au existat intelectuali care au beneficiat si n }\par\pard\li
2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X perioad\u
c1\u259X de toate avantajele regimului (burse, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stagii de documentare n str\uc1\u259Xin\

uc1\u259Xtate, particip\uc1\u259Xri la reuniuni }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stiin\uc1\u355Xifice sau culturale interna\uc1\
u355Xionale), dar num\uc1\u259Xrul lor era }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tot mai redus.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregul popor a fost grav afectat de m\uc1\u259Xsurile
viznd }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economisi
rea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {energiei electrice (luate n 1984 si 1987),
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin care }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sursele de lumin\uc1\u259X si c\uc1\u259Xldur\uc1\u259X
erau ntrerupte, popula\uc1\u355Xia fiind }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {supus\uc1\u259X unui adev\uc1\u259X}\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {rat calvar. Venirea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iernii era
asteptat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii de la oras ntr-o stare de panic\uc1\u259X, d
eoarece }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atunci }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd gerul era mai puternic, caloriferele deveneau re
ci, iar gazul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {metan }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se ntrerupea. De asemenea, sub pretex
tul \uc1\u8222Xalimenta\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stiin\uc1\u355Xifice si ra\uc1\u355Xiona}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {le", din 1986 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au nceput s\uc1\
u259X se carteleze }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {produsele de prim\uc1\u259X nece uate (ulei, zah\uc1\u259Xr,
carne, ou\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {pine).}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tr
eptat, starea de nemul\uc1\u355Xunire a romnilor a nceput }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X se gene}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ralizeze. Au existat unele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {misc\uc1\u25
9Xri de protest, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care greva minerilor din 156}\par\pard\s
\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Valea Jiului (august 1977) si
din Maramures (septembrie 1983), a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitorilor de la ntreprinderile }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {,teagul Rosu" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {\uc1\u8222XTractoniF' }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Brasov }\
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(noiembrie 1987).
Ele au fost rapid anihilate, fie prin promisiuni, fie prin }\par\pard\li1933\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xsuri represive. Unii in
telectuali au luat pozi\uc1\u355Xie mpotriva }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceausescu, m
ai ales prin trimiterea unor scrisori si acordarea }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de interviuri posturilor de radio }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JEuropa Liber\uc1\u259X" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XVocea }\i0 \par\pard\li
1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Americif. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Totusi, o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizident\uc1\u259X puter
nic\uc1\u259X nu s-a putut dezvolta n }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia. Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1987,
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circula\uc1\u355Xia n str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate
a fost supus\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {unui control sever, iar contactul cu lumea occidental\uc1\u259X s-a }\
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminuat drastic.
In aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, mul\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni romni au
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trecut clandest
in grani\uc1\u355Xa, fugind n Occident}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, unde au ceru
t azil }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic;
unii dintre acestia s-au manifestat extrem de critic, prin mass-media, }\par\pa
rd\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la adresa regimului de
la Bucuresti.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un
fenomen specific Romniei a fost }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {emigra
rea }\b0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {minor
it\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c\uc1\u259Xtre \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile de origine, n timp }\par\pard\li1933\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce n celelalte \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
ri socialiste emigrarea a fost interzis\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia s-a admis plecarea din \uc1\u355Xar\u
c1\u259X a unui num\uc1\u259Xr foarte }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare de germani si evrei, ntre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {1967 si 1989 au emigrat circa }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {250.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de germani si e
vrei. S-a realizat un fel de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xr\uc1\u259Xscump\uc1\u259Xrare" a lor prin n\
uc1\u355Xelegeri cu guvernele statelor }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respective, care au pl\uc1\u259Xtit Romniei anumite sume
pentru }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cheltuie
lile de scolarizare f\uc1\u259Xcute cu cei ce p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseau \uc1\u3
55Xara. La }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vrem
ea respectiv\uc1\u259X, mai ales dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {1981, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {emigrarea era }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerat\uc1\u259X de mul\uc1\u355Xi
romni ca o form\uc1\u259X de libertate si dac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu puteau p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsi leg
al Romnia (ca evreii si germanii) o }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xceau clandestin, cu toate riscurile de rigoare.}
\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {b) Politica
extern\uc1\u259X. Schimbarea raportului de }\b0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {for\uc1\u355Xe pe plan interna\uc1\u35
5Xional}\b0 \par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n dom
eniul politicii externe, Romnia a continuat s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se manifeste, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1974, ca un factor activ, att la O.N.U. ct si n }\par\pard\li1920\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alte organisme }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale, precum si n rela\uc1\u355Xiile bilaterale. }
\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X
politic\uc1\u259X s-a bucurat de o larg\uc1\u259X apreciere, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1975, }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Romnia a ob\uc1\u355Xinut din partea S.U.A. \uc1\u8222Xclauza na\uc1\u355Xiu
nii celei }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai f
avorizate",}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { iar n 1980 a ncheiat noi acorduri de }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborare }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {cu Comunitatea Economic\uc1\u259X European\uc1\u259X.}\par\
pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucurestiul a fost, e
fectiv, un centru al diploma\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondiale. Romnia a adus o contribu\uc1\u355Xi
e deosebit\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {negocierea si definitivarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Actului
final }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Conferin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {ei pentru }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Securitate si Cooperare n Europa (Helsinki, 1975), la ncheierea
}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordului de
pace dintre Israel si Egipt (semnat la Camp David - }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S.U.A., n 1978), }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {la stabilirea rela\uc1\u355Xiilor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {diplomatice dintre China si }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {S.U.A. (1979).}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15
x100 {La nceputul anilor ' 80 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a produs
o schimbare a }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {raportului de for\uc1\u355Xe pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional. S.U.
A. s-au }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {detas
at n cea dinti putere a lumii, n timp ce Uniunea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X a cunoscut o perioad\uc1\u2
59X de stagnare. Pe acest fond, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {echilibrul de for\uc1\u355Xe stabilit la sfrsitul ce
lui de-al doilea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial a nceput s\uc1\u259X se clatine.}\par\pard\li3506\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Consecin\uc1\u355Xele s-au resim\u
c1\u355Xit si asupra Romniei. Marile }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {puteri s-au folosit de \uc1\u8222Xcanalul Bucurest
i" att timp ct }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {comunicarea direct\uc1\u259X ntre ele era blocat\uc1\u259X, iar \uc1\u8222Xr\
uc1\u259Xzboiul rece" }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {continua s\uc1\u259X domine via\uc1\u355Xa interna\uc1\u355Xional
\uc1\u259X. Atunci cnd }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {raportul de for\uc1\u355Xe s-a schimbat, \uc1\u8222Xserviciile" Bucure
stiului nu }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au m
ai prezentat un interes deosebit, astfel c\uc1\u259X si situa\uc1\u355Xia }\par\
pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei a cunoscut
un rapid proces de deteriorare pe }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arena mondial\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3506\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedintele S.U.A., Jimmy }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Carter, a lansat o vast\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2986\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campanie pentru respectarea drep
turilor omului n \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialiste. Romnia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1\u259X de curnd \uc1\u8222Xcopilul r\uc1\u259Xsf\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xat al }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Occidentului" }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- a devenit obiectul a nu
meroase }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {critici. Acordarea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unor facilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi econ
omice de c\uc1\u259Xtre S.U.A. era condi\uc1\u355Xionat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\
li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respectarea drepturilor si
libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor democratice. Nicolae }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceausescu a considerat c\uc1\u259X
aceast\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X urm\uc1\u259Xrea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amestecul n afacerilor interne ale }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei, drept care, n 1988, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a renun\uc1\u355Xat la \uc1\u8222Xcla
uza na\uc1\u355Xiunii celei mai favorizate" n }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355Xiile}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 { comerciale cu S.U.A.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Si celelalte state socialiste se confruntau cu dificult\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {econom
ice, mai ales U.R.S.S. ncercnd s\uc1\u259X scoat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\l
i2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistemul din criz\uc1\u259X
, Mihail }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gorbaciov, instalat la Kremlin n 1985, }\pa
r\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a inaugurat pol
itica de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,.glasnostr }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {(transparen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X) si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,
perestroka" }\i0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(reconstruc\uc1\u355Xie). O asemenea schimbare era incompatibil\uc1\u259X }\par
\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu un regim totalita
r, astfel c\uc1\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xia U.R.S.S. nu numai c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu s-a mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xit, ci a cunoscut o deteriorare economic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li

2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tot mai grav\uc1\u259X, iar
criza politic\uc1\u259X intern\uc1\u259X s-a accentuat.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedintele american George Bush a
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
la Gorbaciov }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
omisiunea c\uc1\u259X, n eventualitatea unor ac\uc1\u355Xiuni reformatoare }\par\
pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurate n
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile socialiste europene, U.R.S.S. nu avea }\par\pard\li29
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X intervin\uc1\u259X
cu for\uc1\u355Xa armat\uc1\u259X, asa cum f\uc1\u259Xcuse n}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {1968 mpotriva }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Cehoslovaciei.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Sub influen\uc1\u355Xa lui Gorbaciov, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {198
7-1989, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vechii lideri din }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unele \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri socialis
te (Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, R.D.G., }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulgaria) au fost nlocui\uc1\u355Xi cu al\uc1\u355Xii,
mai tineri, din \uc1\u8222Xesalonul }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al doilea". Acestia au nceput dialogul cu societatea civil
\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fap
t ce a preg\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tit trecerea spre un regim dem
ocratic.}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ac\uc1\
u355Xiunile lui Gorbaciov au fost primite cu ostilitate de }\par\pard\li2973\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Ceausescu. La nivelul conducerii de partid si de stat din }\
par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia nu s-a
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putut constitui o \uc1\u8222Xechip\uc1\u259X
de schimb". }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Abia n martie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989, sase 158}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi comuniste,
care ocupaser\uc1\u259X n anii '50-'60 }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xii importante n }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {partid, au adresat sefului statului o scrisoare }\par\pard\li2013\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(Scrisoarea celor sase). }\i0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Documentul era un act de acuzare la a
dresa }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politicii
dezastruoase a lui Ceausescu si preconiza }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {,perestroika" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia. Imediat dup\uc1\u259X difuzare
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ei la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {BBC Wor
ld Service }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,uropa Liber\uc1\u259X", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {semnatarii au fost ancheta\uc1\u355Xi si li s-a fixat }\par\pard\li
2013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {domiciliu for\uc1\u355Xat.}\
par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n timp ce so
cialismul de tip totalitar intrase ntr-o }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criz\uc1\u259X profund\uc1\u259X, Nicolae Cea
usescu continua s\uc1\u259X cread\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xidealul comunist". Dar \uc1\u8222X
principiul dominoului" se }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {declansase, astfel c\uc1\u259X anul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1989 a marcat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr\uc1\u259Xbusirea }\par\
pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xregimurilo
r comuniste" din Europa.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {c) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Revolu\uc1\u355Xia din Decembrie}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1989}\b0 \par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Revolu\uc1\u355Xia se caracterizeaz\uc1\u259X printr-o

larg\uc1\u259X participare }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {popular\uc1\u259X, spre deosebire de loviturile de stat
, care }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {antren
eaz\uc1\u259X un num\uc1\u259Xr mic de persoane, ce ac\uc1\u355Xion
eaz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
apid }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de regul\uc1\u2
59X n ntunericul nop\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {punnd cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355Xa faptului mplinit. Revolu\uc1\u355Xia
are ca rezultat schimbarea }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {radical\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntregului siste
m economic si social-politic, n timp ce }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lovitura de stat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {marcheaz\uc1\u259X o modificare la vrful piramidei }\par\pard\li19
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae B\uc1\u259Xlcescu scria c\uc
1\u259X revolu\uc1\u355Xia romn\uc1\u259X de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1848
}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si avea }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {originea n \uc1\u8222Xnegura veacurilor". Parafrazndu-1 pe
}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ilustrul c\uc
1\u259Xrtura}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r, am }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
utea aprecia c\uc1\u259X Revolu\uc1\u355Xia din }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Decembrie 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{989 si are geneza n instaurarea regimului sovietic, de tip }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalinist, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {sfrsitul celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial. Atunci }\par\pard\li19
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a realizat o mp\uc1\u25
9Xr\uc1\u355Xire a sferelor de influen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X ntre }\par\p
ard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1
\u259X, pe de o parte, si S.U.A. si Marea }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Britanic, de cealalt\uc1\u259X parte;
ea a fost marcat\uc1\u259X de acordurile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Moscova }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1943), Te
heran (1943), Yalta (1945), Potsdam (1945). }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este de subliniat c\uc1\u259X ini\uc1\u355Xiativa a
cestei mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xiri a venit din }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partea statelor occidentale. Iat\uc1\u259X ce scri
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Churchill n memoriile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sale despre vizita pe care a facut-o la Mos
cova, n octombrie 1944, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {despre discu\uc1\u355Xiile avute cu }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin: \uc1\u8222XS-a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{creat o atmosfer\uc1\u259X de }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {lucru si eu am declarat: S\uc1\u259X reglement
\uc1\u259Xm chestiunile }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {noastre n Balcani. Armatele dumneavoastr\uc1\u259X se g\uc1\u2
59Xsesc n }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
Romnia si Bulgaria. Noi avem acolo interese, misiuni si }\i0 \par\
pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {agen\uc1\u355Xi.
S\uc1\u259X nu ne cert\uc1\u259Xm pentru nimicuri, n ce priveste
}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Anglia
si Rusia, sunte\uc1\u355Xi de acord s\uc1\u259X ocupa\uc1\u355Xi
o situa\uc1\u355Xie }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {preponderent\uc1\u259X, n propor\uc1\u355Xie de}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {90% n Romnia, pentru ca noi}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { s\
uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{ocup\uc1\u259Xm, o situa\uc1\u355Xie preponderent\uc1\u259X de }\i0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {90% n Grecia si de }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {egalitate 50% - 50% n Iugoslavia? n
timp ce se }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {traduceau aceste }\i0 \par\pard\l

i1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {cuvinte, am luat o jum\uc
1\u259Xtate de coal\uc1\u259X de hrtie si am scris:}\i0 \par\pard\li7946\ri0\sl-2
par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia:
}\
b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rusia - 90%}\par\pard\li4760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alia\uc1\u355Xii}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-10%}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\
colno1\colw4760\colsr-0\colno2\colw6680\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {Grecia:}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Marea Britanic (n acord cu SUA) - 90%}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rusia-10%}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Iugoslavia: 50% - 50% }\b0 \par\pard\li3480\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ungaria: 50% - 50% }\b0 \par\p
ard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Bulgaria: }\b0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rusia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {- }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {75%}\par\pard\li4746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Alia\uc1\u355Xii}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-25%}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-360
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Am predat aceast\uc1\u259X foaie
lui }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Stalin, care }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {asculta }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {traducerea. S-a f\uc1\u259Xcut un moment de t\uc1\u259Xcere. Apoi el a
luat }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {un
creion albastru si, dup\uc1\u259X ce a bifat }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {coala, n semn de }\i0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {aprobare, mi-a napoiat-o. Totul a fost re
zolvat n mai }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pu\uc1\u355Xin timp }\i0 \
par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dect a fost nece
sar pentni a-l descrie". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Asadar, trgul era fcut:
}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sir Winston Chu
rchill, liderul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222X}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {marii democra\uc1\u355Xii" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occiden
tale care era }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M
area Britanic, socotise c\uc1\u259X nu trebuie s\uc1\u259X se }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcerte" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
cu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dictatorul
losif Visarionovici Stalin pentru }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222
Xnimicuri , }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chiar dac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard
\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceste }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xnimicuri" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau niste po
poare, ntre care si cel romn.}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Stalin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a stiut s\uc1\u259X specu
leze pozi\uc1\u355Xia occidentalilor, }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impunnd regimul propriu dincolo de procentajele stabil
ite, }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Polonia
, Cehoslovacia, estul Germaniei, Ungaria, }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romnia.}\par\pa
rd\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Popoarele c\uc1\u259X
zute sub domina\uc1\u355Xia sovietic\uc1\u259X nu s-au }\par\pard\li27
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mp\uc1\u259Xcat niciodat\uc1\
u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { soarta ce
le fusese rezervat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Marile Puteri si au luptat pentru propria }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {lor eliberare.}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Revolu\uc1\u355Xia din Decembrie 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si trage seva din }\par\pard\li2786\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch

arscalex100\b {miscare de }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {rezisten\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a cuprins categorii tot }\par\p
ard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai largi de cet\uc1\u
259X\uc1\u355Xeni, decisi s-si asume r\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spun
derea si riscul }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de a se ridica mpotriva unui regim care devenise tot mai odios, dar care }\par\p
ard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispunea de un urias a
parat represiv.}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Victoria Revolu\uc1\u355Xiei nu a fost posibil\uc1\u259X dect ntr-un
}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {context intern
a\uc1\u355Xional fundamental modificat fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de cel din }\par\
pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945.}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X politica de cedare n fa\uc1\u355Xa preten\uc1\u355X
iilor Moscovei din }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {anii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1943-1945, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dup\uc1\u259X politica de expectativ\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1956-1968, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {statele occidentale, n primul rnd S.U.A., au pornit o }\par\p
ard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic\uc1\u259X ofe
nsiv\uc1\u259X mpotriva regimului totalitar \uc1\u8222Xcomunist". }\par\pard\li27
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedintele }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Jimmy Carter }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a adus n prim pl
an problema }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
repturilor omului si a luat atitudine ferm\uc1\u259X mpotriva }\par\
pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259Xlc\uc1\u25
9Xrii acestora n Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X si n celelalte state }\par\pard\li2773
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialist-totalitare. Sim\uc1\
u355Xindu-se ncuraja\uc1\u355Xi si sprijini\uc1\u355Xi, mul\uc1\u355Xi }\
par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xeni, mai ales }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intelectuali, au nceput
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s\uc1\u259X pretind\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respectarea drepturilor fund
amentale, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {printre care libertatea }\par\pard\l
i2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuvntului si cea de asociere
. Astfel, regimul era 160}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u
259Xcinat din interior, precum micile carii, ce reusesc, printr-o }\par\pard\li2
106\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xiune tenace, s\uc
1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { doboare si cel mai gros arbore. Un alt pres
edinte }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {american
, Ronald Reagan, a }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vizat domeniul economic, l
ansnd }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideea nar
m\uc1\u259Xrii n spa\uc1\u355Xiul }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cosmic, asa
numitul }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xr\uc1\u259Xzboi al }\i0
\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {stelelor". }\
i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liderul sovietic Leonid Brejnev a }\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xzut n plasa ntins\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concentrnd tot poten\uc1\u355Xialul mater
ial n direc\uc1\u355Xia narm\uc1\u259Xrilor, }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fapt ce a dus la sec\uc1\u259Xtuirea economic\uc1\u
259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a URSS.}\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceputul sfrsitului a fost marcat de venirea la putere a
lui Mihail }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gor
baciov, n martie 1985. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noul lider de la
Kremlin a ini\uc1\u355Xiat }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {politica de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reformare a Partidulu
i Comunist si a statului sovietic prin }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2

0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,glasnostr }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,perestroka". }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fond
, exprimarea liber\uc1\u259X era }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {incompatibil\uc1\u259X cu regimul totalitar, iar
reconstruc\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {sistemului reprezenta recunoasterea falimentului acestuia. }\p
ar\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este greu de stabi
lit dac\uc1\u259X Mihail Gorbaciov a fost constient }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de consecin\uc1\u355Xele politicii sale.
Cert este c\uc1\u259X, odat\uc1\u259X deschis\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2080\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcutia Pandorei", popoa
rele nu au mai putut fi \uc1\u355Xinute n }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fru de regimul dictatorial. }\fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XGlasnostr }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
semna pentru }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
mul\uc1\u355Xi nu doar o cosmetizare a imaginii }{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Partid}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ului Comunist, }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care s-ar fi ar\uc1\u259Xtat dispus
s\uc1\u259X ntre\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X un dialog real cu }\par\pard\li
2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii,
ci chiar nl\uc1\u259Xturarea monopolului politic al }\par\pard\li208
0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestui partid. }\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Drepturile omului treceau n prim-plan, }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {deasupra }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {intereselor de partid, iar op\uc1\u355Xiunile politice, chiar
cele }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anticomu
niste, puteau s\uc1\u259X se manifeste liber. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {perestroka" }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era doar reconstruc\uc1\u355Xia s
istemului socialist-totalitar, ci a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii ns\uc1\u259Xsi, prin
desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea sistemului centralizat de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducere si asigurarea unui curs liber
pentru economia de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n mod cert, Gorbaciov a fost un caz unic n istor
ie. Ajuns la }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{conducerea P.C.U.S. si U.R.S.S., dup\uc1\u259X trei lideri b\uc1\u259Xtrni si }\
par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bolnavi }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(Brejenv, Andropov, Cernenko), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Gorbaciov, tn\uc1\u259Xr, instruit }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {si cu maniere occidentale, a generat n societatea sovietic\uc
1\u259X }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o atmos
fer\uc1\u259X de optimism, fiind primit cu o real\uc1\u259X speran\uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259X de }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mul\u
c1\u355Xi comunisti si chiar de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii sovietici. Dar, n num
ai }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {ani, el a reusit performan\uc1\u355Xa de a lichida att partidu
l, ct si }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statul n
fruntea c\uc1\u259Xrora s-a aflat.}\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259X de la nceput, liderul de la Kremlin
a ac\uc1\u355Xionat }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {pentru }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {schim}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {barea vechilor conduc\uc1\u259Xtori, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {b\uc1\u259Xtrni si }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {dogmatici, din fruntea partidelor si statelor comuniste. El }\par
\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dorea s\uc1\u259X ar
ate lumii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar mai al
es cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietici - }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {noua sa orientare politic\uc1\u259X, de }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {,glasnosti" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {,perestroika", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se }\par\p
ard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bucura de o larg\uc1\u
259X adeziune n rndul partidelor comuniste. }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, n anii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19871989, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o ac\uc1\u355X
iune de }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promo
vare a \uc1\u8222Xesalonului doi" n conducerea partidelor }\par\pard\
li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comuniste, care se p
orneasc\uc1\u259X pe calea \uc1\u8222Xreformelor", }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {n }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslo
vacia, Gustav Husak a fost schimbat, n decembrie 1987, cu}\par\pard\li8026\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {161}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn
0\f0\charscalex100 {Milos lakes, n acelasi an, n Polonia, W. Jaruzelski a acceptat
dialogul cu }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {or
ganiza\uc1\u355Xia de opozi\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\u8222XSolidaritatea" condus
\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lech }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Walesa. In Ungaria, Janos Kdar a fost nlocuit,
n mai 1988, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu Karoly }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grosz. Aceste schimb\uc1\u259Xri erau
salutate cu entuziasm de }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Occident. Uriasul aparat de propagand\uc1\u259X lucra la
\uc1\u8222Xtura\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {maxim\uc1\u259X". Niciodat\uc1\u259X, posturile de radio
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,wopa }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Liber\uc
1\u259X" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XVocea Americir }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {nu au fost mai ascultate ca n anii 1987-1989.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X repetate ntlniri cu
presedin\uc1\u355Xii S.U.A. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Ronald }\par\pard\
li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reagan si George Bush),
precum si cu cancelarul vest-german, Helmuth }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kohl, Mihail }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gor
baciov a decis s\uc1\u259X dezavueze politica de }\par\pard\li2746\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interven\uc1\u355Xie militar\uc1\u
259X n \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrile \uc1\u8222Xsurori", practicat\uc1\u259X de }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Hrusciov si Brejnev. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe ace
ast\uc1\u259X baz\uc1\u259X, popoarele din statele }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tratatului de la Varsovia erau asigurate c
\uc1\u259X, dac\uc1\u259X aveau s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se ridice la lupt\uc1\u259X pentru nl\uc1\u259Xturar
ea domina\uc1\u355Xiei sovietice, nu }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {riscau s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {soarta Ungariei, din 1956, sau a Cehoslovaciei, din 1968.}\par\pard\li3266\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miscarea de rezisten\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { mpotriva regimurilor totalitare sa }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amplificat, a
tingnd n 1989 punctul culminant. Acest an, 1989, s-a dovedit }\par\pard\li2733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fi decisiv }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {pentru soarta Europei. Evenimentele s-au }\par\pard\li2733\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat cu o vitez\uc1\
u259X uluitoare. \uc1\u8222XBlocul sovietic" p\uc1\u259Xrea un }\par\pard\li2733
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {castel construit pe nisip, care
se pr\uc1\u259Xbusea ca la o comand\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sau}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{ }\fs22\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {cum au observat unii cercet\uc1\u259Xtori }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ca un joc de domino,}\b0 { }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {care c\uc1\u259Xderea unei piese atrage dup\uc1\u259X sine pr\uc1\u259Xbus
irea alteia, }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\
uc1\u259X cnd tot edificiul ajunge la p\uc1\u259Xmnt. Era, n fond,
}\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sfrsitul \uc1
\u8222Xr\uc1\u259Xzboiului rece", care }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {divizas
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e lumea timp de }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {patru decenii si jum\uc1\u259Xtate. S-a vorb
it despre \uc1\u8222Xr\uc1\u259Xzbunarea" }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Occidentului pentru nfrngerea suferit\uc1\u259X la sfrs
itul celui de-}\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
l doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial n fa\uc1\u355Xa Uniunii Sovietice.
Dac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{regimului de la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kremlin i-au trebuit patru ani (19
44-1948) pn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X-si }\par\pard\li27
33\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instaureze domina\uc1\u355Xi
a deplin\uc1\u259X asupra statelor din zona }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {central\uc1\u259X si }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {sud-est }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X, datorit\u
c1\u259X drzei rezisten\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntmpinate din partea popoarelor acestei p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u35
5Xi a Europei, }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
1989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimente socialist-totalitare s-au p
r\uc1\u259Xbusit n doar }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {cteva luni.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Evenimentele din 1989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu s-au desf\u
c1\u259Xsurat doar sub }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {impulsul factorilor interni; dimpotriv\uc1\u259X, conjunctura exter
n\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
avut un rol deosebit de nsemnat. Liderii statelor }\par\pard\li2733
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {occidentale s-au pus de acord as
upra modului de ac\uc1\u355Xiune. }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {La }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 iulie 1989, presedintele
american, George Bush, i transmitea celui }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {francez, Franois Mitterrand, }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {o scrisoare con\uc1\u355Xinnd }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\
u8222Xschi\uc1\u355Xa }\b0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {american\uc1\u259X de func\uc1\u355Xionare a lumii", }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n care se }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prevedeau desprinderea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrilor
din centrul si sud-estul }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Europei din \uc1\u8222Xsistemul comunist" si abordare
a lor }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diferen
\uc1\u355Xiat\uc1\u259X de c\uc1\u259Xtre Europa de Vest.}\par\pard\li3240\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A avut loc un adev\uc1\u259Xrat \uc1\u
8222Xr\uc1\u259Xzboi invizibil", s-a consumat }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o mare b\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259Xlie n care serviciile
secrete au avut un rol de }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {prim\uc1\u259X importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. Este de }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1
\u355Xionat faptul c\uc1\u259X n fruntea celor dou\uc1\u259X superp
uteri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S.LJ.A. si U.R.S.S. -se aflau fosti sefi ai serviciilor s
ecrete. Dar, n timp }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ce George Bush si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {echipa sa au ac\uc1\u355Xiona

t magistral, fiind ntr-o }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {continu\uc1\u259X ofensiv\uc1\u259X, ob\uc1\u355Xinnd succese r\u
c1\u259Xsun\uc1\u259Xtoare, Mihail }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gorbaciov f\uc1\u259Xcea \uc1\u8222Xpoz\uc1\u259X",
repetnd mereu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceleasi formule }\par\pard\li213
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(,glasnostr }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {si }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,perestroika") }\i0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {si c\uc1\u259Xutnd s\uc1\u259X se men\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X
deasupra }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {valul
ui, pentru a ap\uc1\u259Xrea ca un partener de dialog.}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lunile septembrie-noiembrie 1989 }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au avut o deosebit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2120\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259Xrc\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259
X politic\uc1\u259X si emo\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, nc\uc1\u259X din }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 august, }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul ministru ungar }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i-a
informat pe cancelarii vest-german }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {si austriac c\uc1\u259X avea s\uc1\u259X deschid\uc1\u259X }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frontiera Ungariei cu Austria. La }\par\pard\li2120\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10 septembrie, Ungaria a p
ermis celor 7000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de refugia\uc1\u355Xi est}\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {germani s\uc1
\u259X plece n Germania de Vest. A nceput }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {astfel }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exod
ul est-germanilor, prin Ungaria }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Austria
, n Germania }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Federal\uc1\u259X. Regimul de la Berlin era dep\uc1\u259Xsit de evenimente, }\
par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar la 1}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 octombrie, Erich }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Honec
ker a fost nl\uc1\u259Xturat de la }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea Partidului Socialist Unit din
Germania, fiind }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {nlocuit cu Egon Krenz. Peste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 de zi
le, la 9 noiembrie, zidul }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Berlinului - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care semnifica des
p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xirea Europei n dou\uc1\u259X: de }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vest si de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Est - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost d\uc1\u259Xrmat ntr-o atmosfer\uc1\u259
X de mare }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entuz
iasm. A doua zi,}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {10}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie, Todor Jivkov era nl\uc1\
u259Xturat din conducerea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Partidului}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Comunist Bulgar si nlocuit cu Peter Mladenov, fost ministru de externe.}\pa
r\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 17 noiembrie, ci
rca 300.000 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de demonstran\uc1\u355Xi s-au adunat }\
par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Pia\uc1\u355Xa}\
par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Central\uc1\u259X
din Praga, cernd reforme democratice. }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mul\uc1\u355Ximile condamnau}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {energic interven\uc1\u355Xia violent\uc1\u25
9X a for\uc1\u355Xelor de ordine, care }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omorser\uc1\u259X un student.}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ulterior, s-a dovedit c\uc1\u259X, n realita
te, studentul era un securist }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {si c\uc1\u259X nu fusese}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ucis, ci transportat ntr-o locuin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X afl
at\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {200 km de Praga. }\par\pard\li2106\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar atunci, n}\par\pard\li2106\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie 1989, }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars

calex100 {mul\uc1\u355Ximea nu cunostea aceste jocuri }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oculte si cerea}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pedepsirea \uc1\u8222Xregimului asasin".}
\par\pard\li2626\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe fondul ac
estor mari misc\uc1\u259Xri populare, n insula }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Malta }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s-a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat, n zilele de }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {2-3 decembrie 1989, ntlnirea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre George Bush }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {si Mihail Gorbaciov. Chiar dac\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunicatul dat publicit\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xii se prezentau doar generalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, }\par\pard\li2106\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fapt, pentru to\uc1\u355Xi era cla
r c\uc1\u259X liderul de la Kremlin cedase }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {complet n fa\uc1\u355Xa Occidentului. Gorbacio
v era dep\uc1\u259Xsit de }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {evenimente, ap\uc1\u259Xrnd ca un boxer complet epuizat, care }
\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xmne n r
ing pentru a ncasa noi lovituri, spre satisfac\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spectatorilor. Mult temutul KGB
de alt\uc1\u259X dat\uc1\u259X, acum }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reorganizat si reformat de Gorbaciov, p
\uc1\u259Xrea o masin\uc1\u259Xrie }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {complet dereglat\uc1\u259X, care continua s\uc1\u259X fu
nc\uc1\u355Xioneze n virtutea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {unor vechi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {automatisme, }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X reac\uc1\u355Xii adecvate la problemele
}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noi care se ive
au de la o zi la alta. La}\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {11 decembrie 1989, Gustav Husak, ce fusese instalat de sovietici n 1968
, a}\par\pard\li8066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {163}\par\par
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost eliberat din func\uc1\
u355Xia de presedinte al Cehoslovaciei, }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschizndu-se astfel drumul pentru preluarea co
nducerii }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de c\u
c1\u259Xtre }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vaclav Havel, liderul Forumului Civic.}
\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {icolae Ceausescu r\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xsese ultimul lider
comunist }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care
se men\uc1\u355Xinea pe pozi\uc1\u355Xie. Situa\uc1\u355Xia nu era ntmpl\uc1\u259
Xtoare, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fapt
, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia a cunoscut o }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {evolu\uc1\u355Xie atipic\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {n cadrul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lag\uc1\u259Xrului socialist. Dup\uc1\u259X o perioad\uc1\u259X de
aliniere la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politica }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moscovei, regimul de la Bucur}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esti a manifestat o tendin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {independen\u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259X, mai ales dup\uc1\u259X ce a ob\uc1\u355Xinut r
etragerea }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupe
lor sovietice din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia, n 1958. Treptat, s-au nre
gistrat o }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dimin
uare a politicii represive, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o deschidere
spre Occident, o }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {revenire la valorile na\uc1\u355Xionale, n acea perioad\uc1\u259X }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {(1964-1980), }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia era \uc1\u355Xara socialist\uc1\u259X care se
bucura de cele mai }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {elogioase aprecieri pe plan interna\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li3293
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apoi, de la nceputul anil
or '80, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a intrat ntr-o }\par\pard\li27
73\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X de criz\uc1\
u259X profund\uc1\u259X, marcat\uc1\u259X de accentuarea cultului }\par\pard\li2
773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355
Xii lui}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Nicolae }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceause
scu, apoi si a so\uc1\u355Xiei sale, Elena }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceausescu, de ambi\uc1\u355Xia dictatorului
ca \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pl\uc1\u259Xteasc\uc1\u259X rapid ntreaga dat
orie extern\uc1\u259X, fapt ce a dus la }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sec\uc1\u259Xtuirea economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale,
la deteriorarea grav\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xiei materiale a popula\uc1\u355Xiei si
la cresterea gradului de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {nemul\uc1\u355Xumire a tuturor categoriilor}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sociale.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
timp ce n statele socialiste vecine se schimbau echipele de }\par\pard
\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducere si se tre
cea la aplicarea unor reforme }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {substan\uc1\u355Xiale, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {R
omnia }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {nu exista o \uc1\u8222Xechip\uc1\u259X
a doua", }\b0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca
re s\uc1\u259X-1 nlocuiasc\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n mod pasnic pe
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu, iar }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propaganda cea mai des\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355X
at\uc1\u259X de elogiere a secretarului }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {general al Partidului Comunist Romn ncerca s\uc1\u259X as
cund\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{realitate tot mai dramatic\uc1\u259X, ntre conducerea de partid si }\par\pard\l
i2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poporul romn se s\uc1\u259X
pase o pr\uc1\u259Xpastie, iar ru}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ptura lua un curs
}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dramatic.}\par\
pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n decembrie 1989, }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {valul }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care arunca pe
ste bord regimurile totalitare }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {ajunsese la grani\uc1\u355Xele Romniei si era nevoi
e doar }\b0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
de o scnteie }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ca si aici nemul\uc1\u355Xumirea popular\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2
760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se reverse. Acea scnteie s-a a
prins la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Timisoara, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n ziua de 17 }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{decembrie, si s-a extins \uc1\u8222Xn toat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xara".
Sute de mii de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {oameni si-au p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsit ocupa\uc1\u355Xiile zilnice,
au iesit n strad\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {cernd nl\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turarea dictat
orului si instaurarea unui regim democratic. A }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost un act de curaj, dar si un risc major, pe c
are peste l .000}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de romni 1-}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au pl\uc1\u259Xtit cu via\uc1\u355Xa.
}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din anumite pun
cte de vedere, Revolu\uc1\u355Xia din Romnia }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a devansat transform\uc1\u259Xrile din alte
state, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XComunicatul }\i0 \par\par
d\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {c\uc1\u259Xtre \uc1\u3

55Xar\uc1\u259X" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Frontului Salv\uc1\u259Xrii
Na\uc1\u355Xionale, prezentat n seara }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22 decembrie 1989 de
Ion Iliescu,}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { se anun\uc1\u355Xa: }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {Abandonarea }\i0 \par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {rolului conduc\uc1\u259Xtor al unui singur partid si in
stituirea unui }\i0 \par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sistem democr
atic pluralist de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt, organizarea }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de alegeri libere, separar
ea puterilor n stat, alegerea }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {tuturor conduc\uc1\u259Xtorilor politici pentni }\i0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {u}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {nul sau cel m
ult dou\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {mandate, elaborarea unei noi}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Const
itutif.}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se
cuvine men\uc1\u355Xionat faptul c\uc1\u259X n Cehoslovacia }\par\pard
\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {schimbarea efectiv\uc1\u2
59X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de regim s-a produs la 29 decembrie,
cnd }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vaclav Hve
l a fost ales }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele acestei \uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259Xri. n Polonia, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {hot\uc1\u259Xrrea privind desfiin\uc1\u355Xarea monopolului puterii }\
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u355Xinute
de Partidul Comunist a fost adoptat\uc1\u259X de Seim la }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 decembrie 1989, iar Lech Wal
esa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost ales n func\uc1\u355Xia de }\p
ar\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte al \uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 decembrie 1990. n Germania
de Est, liderul }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{comunist Egor Krenz era }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nl\uc1\u259Xturat l
a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 ianuarie 1990. La 11 }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1990, Albania }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {anun\uc1\u355Xa si ea abrogarea sistemului }\par\pa
rd\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidului unic.}\par\p
ard\li2440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ultima redut\uc1\u25
9X a totalitarismului r\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xsese Uniunea }\par\pard\li19
06\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X, n mod parad
oxal, ini\uc1\u355Xiatorul reformelor era unicul }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secretar general al unui Partid Comu
nist nc\uc1\u259X la putere. }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Statul f\uc1\u259Xurit de Lenin si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Stalin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se destr\uc1\u259Xma de la o zi la alta,
}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind asaltat d
in toate p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xile. In martie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1991,
Gorbaciov a ncercat }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {men\uc1\u355Xinerea acestuia sub forma Comunit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi
i Statelor }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In
dependente. Organismele interna\uc1\u355Xionale dominate de }\par\pard\li
1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kremlin s-au autodesfiin
\uc1\u355Xat (n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie 1991 - }\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Tratatul de la }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Varsovia, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar n
iunie 1991 - }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Consiliul de Ajutor Economic
Reciproc). }\i0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Lovitura de stat nscenat\uc1\u259X de Moscova la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
21 august 1991, a scos }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {n prim-plan un nou lider politic, Boris }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
El\uc1\u355Xin, fost prim-secretar }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al }\par\pard\l
i1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comitetului de partid Mosc
ova si membru n Biroul Politic al P.C.U.S., }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenit principalul exponent al curentului reformi
st, n ziua de 23 decembrie, }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Gorbaciov era silit s\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\
uc1\u259X Kremlinul, iar la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31 }\par\pard\li
1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1991, la mie}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zul nop\uc1\u355Xii, Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X si nceta
si }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formal exis
ten\uc1\u355Xa.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Se ncheia astfel un capitol din istoria secolului al XX-lea, marcat de }\par\pard
\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimurile socialist-to
talitare. O experien\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, adesea }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem de dureroas\uc1\u259X pentru
o treime din popula\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {globului, lua sfr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sit.}\par
\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {d) Bilan\uc1\u355X
dup\uc1\u259X patru decenii}\b0 \par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Cele peste patru decenii de existen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u25
9X a regimului }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {socialist-totalitar s-au caracterizat prin evolu\uc1\u355Xii multiple, eu }\
par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elemente pozitive
si negative, cu iluzii si decep\uc1\u355Xii, cu oameni }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care si-au pierdut averea si chiar via\
uc1\u355Xa n anii de represiune, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {dar si cu al\uc1\u355Xii care au prosperat material si spiritua
l.}\par\pard\li2413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Analiza concr
et\uc1\u259X arat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X proprietatea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {socialist\uc1\u259X" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu }\par\pard\li1893\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apar\uc1\u355Xinea poporului;
cu toat\uc1\u259X propaganda desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li
1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncitorul nu era si nu se s
im\uc1\u355Xea st\uc1\u259Xpn pe fabrica n care }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucra, cu att mai pu\uc1\u355Xin \uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259Xranul, nevoit s\uc1\u259X renun\uc1\u355Xe la }\par\pard\li1
893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmntul lui pentru a1 trece la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcolectiv".}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Factorul decisiv n}\par\pard\li7840\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {165}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
privin\uc1\u355Xa propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii l avea birocra\uc1\u355X
ia de partid, care }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {impunea tuturor ce s\uc1\u259X se produc\uc1\u259X, n ce cantitate, ct s
\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vn
d\uc1\u259X si chiar la ce pre\uc1\u355X.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Omogenizarea social\uc1\u259X s-a produs ntr-o
anumit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X, disp\uc1\u259Xrnd marile discrepan\uc1\u355Xe
din perioada }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{interbelic\uc1\u259X. S-a mbun\uc1\u259Xt\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xit nivelul
de cultur\uc1\u259X si de }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {civiliza\uc1\u355Xie al popula\uc1\u355Xiei prin lichid
area analfabetismului, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {gratuitatea nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului pn\uc1\u259X la
nivelul universitar }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(inclusiv). A crescut num\uc1\u259Xrul de profesori, nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u

355X\uc1\u259Xtori, medici, }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ingineri }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {S-au acordat facilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi scriitorilor, artistilor
. }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Milioane de
familii aveau asigurate locuin\uc1\u355Xe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(apartamente) }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
gratuite etc. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar, la o analiz\uc1\u259X
mai atent\uc1\u259X, se constata c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omogenizarea se produsese prin lic
hidarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {elitelor, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {a vrfurilor }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {adic\uc1\u259X exact a acelor segmente care asigur\uc1\u2
59X }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tr\uc1\u259
Xinicia dezvolt\uc1\u259Xrii unei societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi; aten\uc1\u
355Xia prioritar\uc1\u259X era }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {acordat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {clasei m
uncitoare, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai usor de manevrat, n tim
p}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { ce }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {intelectualitatea era considerat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {o p\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {fiind privit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {adesea cu suspiciune. Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, s-a
detasat }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puter
nic de masa popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222X
nomenclatura", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alc\uc1\u259Xtuit\uc1\u259X d
in }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cadre de par
tid; aceasta si-a creat privilegii pe care vechea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clas\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X (din p
erioada interbelic\uc1\u259X) nici nu si le }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {putea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imagi
na: vile, masini, policlinici, spitale, magazine }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
\uc1\u8222Xcu circuit nchis", }\i0 \par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {deplas\uc1\u259Xri n str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {(,pentru odihn\uc1\u259X si tratament"\} }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {etc. - }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {toate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe cheltuiala statului, adic\uc1\u259X
a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,poporului muncitor". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Cu ct }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{privilegiile nomenclaturii erau mai mari, cu att propaganda desp
re }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222
Xdeplina egalitate n drepturf , }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {despre }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sacrificiile pe care trebuie }\i0 \par\pard\li2840\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {s\uc1\u259X le facem cu to\uc1\u35
5Xii pentni }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {viitorul luminos al copiilor nos
trf }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai intens\uc1\u259X (si mai agresiv\uc1\u259
X). Aceste realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi c}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ontrav
eneau }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tezelor c
omuniste.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cons
idera\uc1\u355Xii teoretice. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Esen\uc1\u355Xa
comunismului }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{consta, dup\uc1\u259X apre}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cierea lui Marx, }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o puternic\uc1\u259X dezvoltare a }\par\pard\li2786\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, n primu
l rnd a for\uc1\u355Xelor de produc\uc1\u355Xie, a nivelului }\par\pard\li2786\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cultur\uc1\u259X si civiliza\uc1
\u355Xie al poporului, astfel }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {t s\uc1\u259X se ajung\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la o abunden\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de bunuri materiale s

i spirituale. Cel mai de }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {seam\uc1\u259X teoretician al acestei doctrine aprecia c\uc1\u259X ome
nirea }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {va tr\uc1
\u259Xi n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunism atunci cnd se va aplica lozinca: }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JDe la fiecare }\i0 \par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dup\uc1\u259X munca sa, fiec\uc1\u259X
nna dup\uc1\u259X necesit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xr. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {F\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X ndoial\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunismul a fost si este o teorie,
dar el nu a devenit }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {niciodat\uc1\u259X o realitate concret\uc1\u259X. De aceea, crede
m c\uc1\u259X regi-}\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {murile politice din anii }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945 (1948)
- 1989 au avut un caracter }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {socialist-totalitar.}\i0 \par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidele comuniste din \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xril
e n care au ajuns la putere }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {au declarat c\uc1\u259X urm\uc1\u259Xreau constituirea (edificarea)
unei }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea s
ociet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi. Comunismul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era proclama
t }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xvisul de aur al }\i0 \par\pard\li282
6\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {omenirii", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {iar drumul spre realizarea acestui \uc1\u8222Xvis" era considerat
foarte lung. }\par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1
66}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage













\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La nceputul anilor
'50, Romnia Polonia, Ungaria Cehoslovacia, }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugoslavia, Bulgaria si Albania afirmau c\uc1\
u259X obiectivul lor era }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {construirea }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {bazei tehnico-materiale
a socialismului, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar Uniunea }\par\pard\
li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X aprecia
c\uc1\u259X se afl\uc1\u259X n plin socialism. Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {15-20 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ani s-a emis ideea c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259Xrile respective au trecut la un nou }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stadiu de evolu\uc1\u355Xie. Uniunea Sovietic\u
c1\u259X considera c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xa }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {des\uc1\u259Xvrsit construc\uc1\u355Xia" socie
t\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii socialiste si intra n etapa }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xconstmirii co-munismuluf\\ }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia, Ungaria, Polonia, R.D. }\par\pard\li1
706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {German\uc1\u259X, Iu}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {goslavia, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Albania, Bulgari
a sus\uc1\u355Xineau c\uc1\u259X au }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput \uc1\u8222Xconstruirea societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u35
5Xii socialiste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltate". Romnia - }\par\pard\li1
706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asa cum am ar\uc1\u259X
tat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- a adoptat n 1974 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {programul }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidului }\i0 \par\par
d\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Comunist Romn de
f\uc1\u259Xurire a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii socialiste }\i0 \par\pard\
li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {multilateral dezvoltate
si naintare }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {a Romniei spre comunism". }\i0 \pa
r\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In noiembrie 1989,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu aprecia c\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcel de al XIV-}\i0 \par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {lea Congres al Partidului}\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Comunist Romn marcheaz\uc1\u259X trecerea }\i0 \par\pard\li1706\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romniei la o nou\uc1\u259X
etap\uc1\u259X de dezvoltare, la realizarea }\i0 \par\pard\li1706\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {fazei superioare a Programulu
i de f\uc1\u259Xurire a societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\i0 \par\pard\li170
6\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {socialiste multilateral d
ezvoltate si crearea condi\uc1\u355Xiilor }\i0 \par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {necesare nf\uc1\u259Xptuirii n via\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X a principiilor de munc\uc1\u259X si via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\i0 \p
ar\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {comuniste". \uc
1\u8222XProgramul-directiv\uc1\u259X" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privind
dezvoltarea }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
conomic\uc1\u259X a Romniei viza }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada 19
91-2010, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceea ce }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nsemna c\uc1\u259X abia la sfrs}\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {itul primului deceniu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al
secolului al }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X
XI-lea urmau s\uc1\u259X se creeze }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcon

di\uc1\u355Xiile necesare" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nf\uc1\u259Xptuirii }
\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {principiilor"
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comuniste. Cu alte cuvinte, nici m\u
c1\u259Xcar }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cea
usescu nu considera c\uc1\u259X, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989, Romni
a avea un regim }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {comunist.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{In concluzie, apreciem c\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul politic
n Romnia, ca si }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celelalte state intrate n sfera de domina\uc1\u355
Xie sovietic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {la sfrsitul celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial, a
fost un }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {reg
im socialist totalitar. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El a }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {cunoscut importante muta\uc1\u355Xii, care }\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259X nu i-au afectat esen\uc1\u355
Xa, sfrsind p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rin a da faliment n 1989.}\par\pard\li22
13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mul\uc1\u355Xi romni au crezut n
\uc1\u8222Xvisul de aur al omenirii", }\par\pard\li1706\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drept care au}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aderat la P
artidul Comunist.}\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia numeric\uc1\u259X a membrilor PCR}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3880\c
olsr-0\colno2\colw7560\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Perioada}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {Num\uc1\u259Xr de }\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw3880\colsr-0\colno2\colw1013\colsr-0
\colno3\colw2160\colsr-0\colno4\colw4386\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {august 1944}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {octombrie 1945}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {septembrie 1947}\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {februarie 1948}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {mai 1950}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {iulie 1965}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{decembrie 1989}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {membri}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {circa 1000}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
257.000}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {710.000}\
par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.060.000}\par\pard
\li160\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {720.000}\par\pard\li40\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.400.000}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.300.000}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {167}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
pard\li3413\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nu poate fi exc
lus\uc1\u259X ipoteza c\uc1\u259X mul\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
eni s-au }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nscri
s n PCR dintr-un anumit oportunism, pentru a ob\uc1\u355Xine }\par\pard\li2893\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anumite avantaje (o func\uc1\
u355Xie, o burs\uc1\u259X n str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate, un }\par\par
d\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apartament, un loc la do
ctorat}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc).}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar este cert c\uc1\u259X ntre teoria pri
vind comunismul si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {via\uc1\u355Xa concret\uc1\u259X exista o discrepan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
urias\uc1\u259X. Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile din }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zona central\uc1\u259X si }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {sud-est }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X nu
numai c\uc1\u259X nu se }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {aflau ntr-o stare nfloritoare, care s\uc1\u259X le per
mit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
atisfacerea dezideratului: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,JDe la fiecare dup\
uc1\u259X munca sa, }\i0 \par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {fiec\uc1\u259Xruia dup\uc1\u259X necesit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi", }
\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ci, dimpotriv\uc1\u259X, intraser\uc1\u259X
ntr-o }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profund\
uc1\u259X criz\uc1\u259X de sistem, din care nu aveau cum s\uc1\u259X ias\uc1\u2
59X. n }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a
ceast\uc1\u259X recesiune a fost agravat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2880
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalizarea spiritului vol
untarist, ca urmare a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {exacerb\uc1\u259Xrii cultului personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii lui
Nicolae Ceausescu, a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {deciziei acestuia (din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1981) de a a
chita rapid ntreaga datorie }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ex}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tern\uc1\u259X a Romniei, fapt c
e a dus la sec\uc1\u259Xtuirea economiei }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionale si nemodernizarea industriei, ntr-o
perioad\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {care, pe plan mondial, se nregistra o adev\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X revolu\uc1
\u355Xie }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tehnol
ogic\uc1\u259X, prin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltarea microelectronicii
si a informaticii, n plan }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {social,}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {1982 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a produs o deteriorare tot mai
grav\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{nivelului de trai, ajungndu-se, cum am ar\uc1\u259Xtat, la }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introducerea de ca
rtele si ra\uc1\u355Xii pentru alimentele de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prim\uc1\u259X necesitate, reducerea
drastic\uc1\u259X a consumului de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {energie (mai ales a celui casnic, nenc\uc1\u25
9Xlzirea locuin\uc1\u355Xelor, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ntreruperea repetat\uc1\u259X a curentului electric }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cultura a }\par\p
ard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost supus\uc1\u259X
unor puternice presiuni ideologice; fondurile }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru achizi\uc1\u355Xionarea de c\uc1
\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi si aparatur\uc1\u259X modern\uc1\u259X, pentru }\par\pard\li2
880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deplas\uc1\u259Xri n str\uc
1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate s-au redus considerabil. O }\par\pard\li2880\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea situa\uc1\u355Xie nu
avea nimic }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comun cu teoria lui Marx }\par
\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {despre comunism.}\pa
r\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncercarea lui Mi
hail Gorbaciov, de dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1985, de
a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reforma si
stemul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovietic nu numai c\uc1\u259X nu
a reusit, ci, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dinpotriv\uc1\u259X, a accelerat procesul de pr\uc1\u259Xbusire a acestuia,
}\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {1989-1991. Aprecierea caracterului regimului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {politic din Uniunea }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X si din statele intrate sub influen\uc1\u355Xa (

domina\uc1\u355Xia) sa, }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {la sfrsitul celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial, impune analiza }
\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concret\uc1\u259
X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sine ira et
studio - }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor,
a evolu\uc1\u355Xiilor }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrate pe parcursul a }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {patru decenii si jum\uc1\u259Xtate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(1945-1990). }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ch
iar la o analiz\uc1\u259X sumar\uc1\u259X se poate conchide c\uc1\u259X ace
ste }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx6013\*\tx8960\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {regimuri au cunoscut}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {evolu\uc1\u35
5Xii importante}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contradictorii, parcurgnd mai multe et
ape:}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l. Regimul
politic instaurat n Romnia n 1945 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(ca si n celelalte }\
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u2
59Xri de \uc1\u8222Xdemocra\uc1\u355Xie popular\uc1\u259X") nu a fost rezultatul
firesc al }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unei
evolu\uc1\u355Xii interne, ci al unor factori externi, n primul }\par\pard\li28
66\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rnd al ocupa\uc1\u355Xiei
sovietice. S-a materializat astfel }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concep\uc1\u355Xia lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {St
alin, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potrivit c\uc1\u259Xreia o armat\uc1\u259X ca
re ocup\uc1\u259X un }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {anumit teritoriu si impune acolo propriul s\uc1\u259Xu sistem
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic. Dup\u
c1\u259X o anumit\uc1\u259X evolu\uc1\u355Xie, n timpul c\uc1\u259Xreia, n unele }
\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259Xri (ntre care si Romnia), partidele comuniste au }\par\pard\li286
6\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborat cu o parte a burghezi
ei (\uc1\u8222Xtovar\uc1\u259Xsi de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {168}\par\pard\s
\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drum"), n 1946-1948 s-a }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {trecut la instaurarea deplin\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {regimului }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {Stalinist, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {de tip sovietic, u
n socialism totalitar si }\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {interna\uc1\u355Xionalist.}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259
X moartea lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stalin (n 1953) s-a nregistrat }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {o }\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {anumit\uc1\u259X}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {relaxare intern\uc1\u259X, o tendin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
de }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {reformare a sistemului }\i0 \par\pard\li24
53\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {totalitar. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Pe aceast?}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {linie s-au nscris Raportul Hrusciov la Congresul XX al }\par\p
ard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului}\par\pard\l
i2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comunist al Uniunii Sovieti
ce, miscarea din Polonia si mai ales }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cea din}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Ungaria, toate n 1956.}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La rndul s\uc1
\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u, conducerea Partidului }\par\pard\li2453\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitoresc}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn a reusit s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin
\uc1\u259X retragerea trupelor sovietice }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1958).}\par\pa

rd\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.n anii '60 a avut loc
o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {diversificare }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
a op\uc1\u355Xiunilor, n }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {limitele}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{regimului socialist - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalitar, al\uc1\u259X}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turi de conduceri foarte obediente }\par\pard\li2453\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(precum}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele din Bulgaria si R.D. German\uc1\u259X)
manifestndu-se }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
tendin\uc1\u355Xe centrifuge}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X. Pe aceast\uc1
\u259X linie s-au }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {nscris }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {din}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{aprilie 1964, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptat\uc1\u259X de Partidul Munci
toresc }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romn, si n
cercarea}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {artidului Comunist din Cehoslovacia de a instaura un }\pa
r\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xsocialis
m cu fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {uman\uc1\u259X" (dup\uc1\u259X expresia lui }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Alexander Dubcek) n 1968. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In }\par\pard\li2453\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp ce ac\uc1\u355Xiunea}\par\pa
rd\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romneasc\uc1\u259X a avu
t un anumit succes, \uc1\u8222Xprim\uc1\u259Xvara }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Praga" a fost}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u259Xbusit\uc1\u259X de trupele Trat
atului de la Varsovia (mai }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {pu\uc1\u355Xin ale Romniei, care}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a condamnat aceast\uc1\u259X interven\uc1\u355Xie).}
\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.Anii '70-'80
s-au caracterizat prin accentuarea factorului}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xionalist, }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {interna\uc1\u355Xionalismul proletar }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {fiind nlocuit }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {patriotismul}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {socialist. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Evolu\uc1\u355Xiile au fost contradictorii: n Uniunea }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X, dup\uc1\u259X}\pa
r\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nl\uc1\u259Xturarea
lui Hrusciov }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1964), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{a urmat o lung\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {perioad\uc1\u259X de stagnare,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xe
ra Brejnev"; apoi, din 1985, s-a nregistrat o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ac\u
c1\u355Xiune de }\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\i {reformare a}\i0 \par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {sistemului socialist totalitar }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(politi
ca de \uc1\u8222Xglasnosti" si }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xperestroika") ini\uc1\u355Xiat\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li
2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Gorbaciov. Asemenea evolu
\uc1\u355Xii s-au manifestat si n }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {celelalte state, mai}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales n Ungaria si Polonia. O situa\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\u8222X
atipic\uc1\u259X" a }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cunoscut Romnia, care,}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {sub conducerea lui Nicolae Ceausescu, dup\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li24
53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 { reformatoare, s-a}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {plasat, dup\uc1\u259X 1}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {980, }\fs

22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe pozi\uc1\u355Xii tot mai rigide si mai }\par\pard\li
2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conservatoare.}\par\pard\li2
453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.Anul 1989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {a g\uc1\u259Xsit regimurile socialiste totalitare }\par\pard\li2453
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Europa}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {central\uc1\u259X si}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {de sud-est}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n plin\uc1\u259X criz\uc
1\u259X, dar cu situa\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-213\s
calex100 {concrete diferite, n cele}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mai multe \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri, acest}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {e regimuri s-au reformat din interior, prin }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {schimbarea}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {echipelor de conducere. Noii lideri au permis }\p
ar\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apari\uc1\u355Xia
unor forme de}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pl
uralism politic, au ini\uc1\u355Xiat un dialog cu for\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li
2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reformatoare, democratice.}\
par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In Romnia, dat
orit\uc1\u259X politicii lui Ceausescu si }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exacerb\uc1\u259Xrii cultului}\par\pard\li24
53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
ii, regimul a cunoscut o dramatic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {involu\uc1\u355Xie, cu consecin\uc1\u355Xe}\par\par
d\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem de negative asupr
a ntregii societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cteva date statistice privind evolu\uc1\u355Xia }
\b0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romniei nt
re }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1938 si 1989. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {La recens}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259Xmntul din }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {1930, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Romnia avea 18 milioane locuitori, iar n 1938 circa 20 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {milioane. A }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {urmat o sc\uc1\u259Xdere la circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 mili
oane ca}\par\pard\li7906\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {169}\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage


































\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmare a pierderilor
teritoriale din 1940, ajungndu-se apoi la aproape }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-226\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22 milioane n 1989.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n intervalul 1938-1989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Romnia s-a transformat dintr-o }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X agrar-industrial\uc1\
u259X ntr-o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X industrial\uc1\u259X, n 1}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {989, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {produc\uc1\u355Xia industrial\uc1\u259X era de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {65 ori mai mare comparativ cu anul }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Venitul na\uc1\u355Xi
onal era realizat n propor\uc1\u355Xie de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {58,1% }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {industrie, fat\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30,8%
n 1938. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O evolu\uc1\u355Xie similar\uc1\u259X
au }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut
si celelalte state socialiste, inclusiv Uniunea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X. Pe aceast\uc1
\u259X baz\uc1\u259X unii politologi au lansat }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conceptul de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {dictatur\uc1\u259X de dezvoltare, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{caracterizat\uc1\u259X prin }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {interven\uc1\u355Xia masiv\uc1\u259X a statului n econo
mie si impunerea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {unor ritmuri de dezvoltare extrem de nalte.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gradul de prelucrare a materiilor prime si cant

itatea }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de int
eligen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X ncorporat\uc1\u259X ntr-un produs constituie }\p
ar\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elementele esen\uc
1\u355Xiale n cresterea valorii bunului respectiv, }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a competitivit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii lui
pe pia\uc1\u355Xa mondial\uc1\u259X. R}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omnia
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realiza o }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seam\uc1\u259X de masini si aparate electrice si elec
tronice, turbine }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{cu aburi si hidraulice, instala\uc1\u355Xii de foraj, tractoare, au
to-}\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {camioane,
automobile, ngr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xminte chimice, mobil\uc1\u259X, }\par\pa
rd\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xminte, confec\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc., care aveau
o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {larg\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259Xutare pe pia\uc1\u355X
a }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondial\uc1\u
259X.}\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Evolu\uc
1\u355Xia produc\uc1\u355Xiei industriale }\i0 \par\pard\li4333\ri0\sl-226\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Din }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Anuarul Stati
stic al Romniei, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkn
one\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols5\colno1\colw5000\colsr0\colno2\colw1826\colsr-0\colno3\colw546\colsr-0\colno4\colw520\colsr-0\colno5\c
olw3546\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Produs}\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unitatea de }\par\
pard\li213\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u25
9X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anul}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989}\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw
5226\colsr-0\colno2\colw1893\colsr-0\colno3\colw1040\colsr-0\colno4\colw3280\par
d\li2773\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {energie electric\uc1\u25
9X}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xi\u
c1\u355Xei extras}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{gaz metan}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ngr\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xminte }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-2
26\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {chimice}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mii. kw/h}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mii t.}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {mii. m}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {j}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-293
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mii t.}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl-293\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.130}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {6.594}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {311}\par\pard\li346\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\pa
r\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {75.851}\par\par
d\li93\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9.173}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22.222}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-293\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.805}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pgh
sxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\colno1\colw5293\colsr-0\colno2\colw2040\c
olsr-0\colno3\colw760\colsr-0\colno4\colw3346\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xminte}\par\pard\li2773\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zah\uc1\u259Xr}\par\pard\li2773\r
i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xpun}\par\pard\li2773\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tractoare}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mil. per.}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mii t.}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mii t.}\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {buc.}\par\column\pard\li93\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {3}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {95}\par
\pard\li106\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9}\par\pard\li133\ri0

\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\column\pard\li373\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {52}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {693}\par\pard\li360\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {31}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {151.745
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
rd\li3240\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmare a dezvolt\uc1
\u259Xrii industriei, s-a nregistrat o }\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muta\uc1\u355Xie esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X n privin\uc1\
u355Xa ra}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {portului acesteia cu agricultura.}\par\par
d\li3546\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Contribu\uc1\u355Xia c
elor dou\uc1\u259X ramuri economice la venitul }\i0 \par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {na\uc1\u355Xional}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd
\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw5066\c
olsr-0\colno2\colw1266\colsr-0\colno3\colw5106\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ramura}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Industria}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Agricultura}\par\column\pard\li66\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {1938}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30
,8%}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {38,1%}\par\colu
mn\pard\li66\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989}\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {58,1%}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15,2%}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage




















\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceste date statisti
ce arat\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia devenise un sta
t }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {industrial,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bazndu-se pe prelucrarea superioar\uc1\u259X a mater
iilor }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prime.}\p
ar\pard\li2586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a cunoscut u
n proces de urbanizare, caracteristic lumii }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moderne, n cursul c\uc1\u259Xruia nivelul
civiliza\uc1\u355Xiei a crescut, n }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {detrimentul vie\uc1\u355Xii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {patriarhale, conservatoare n anii 1951-1989 s-au }\par\pard\li2066\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construit circa 4 milioane }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de apartamente; dac\uc1\u259X socotim c\uc1\u259X o }\p
ar\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {familie era al
c\uc1\u259Xtuit\uc1\u259X din patru persoane, rezult\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproximati
v }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {16 }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {milioan
e de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(adic\uc1\
u259X peste }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {70% din }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popul
a\uc1\u355Xiei Romniei) au beneficiat de o locuin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X nou\uc1\u25
9X.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Construc\u
c1\u355Xia de apartamente din fondurile statului}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4373\colsr-0\
colno2\colw7066\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Perio
ada}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1951-1960}\p
ar\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1961-1970}\par\par
d\li2360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1971-1980}\par\pard\li23
60\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1981-1989}\par\column\pard\li3
20\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Num\uc1\u259Xr de }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apartamente}\par\pard\li733\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {150.167}\par\pard\li720\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {553.295}\par\pard\li586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.267.850}\par\pard\li586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {1.012.771}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn158
40\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {Stiin\uc1\u355Xa si cultura romneasc\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {au nregistrat o }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {dezvoltare semnificativ\uc1\u259X, cu deosebire dup\uc
1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1958. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A fo
st }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lichidat ana
lfabetismul, nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul general obligatoriu a }\par\par
d\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evoluat treptat de
la sapte la zece clase, s-au dezvoltat }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re\uc1\u355Xeaua liceelor de speciali
tate si cea a nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului }\par\pard\li2053\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {superior.}\par\pard\li4026\ri0\sl-3
60\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259Xmntului}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margls
xn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw4280\colsr-0\colno2\colw1413\colsr-0\colno3\c
olw5746\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-400\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi de }\par\pard\li2080\r
i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt}
\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Studen\uc1\u355X
i}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cadre didactic
e}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938/1939}
\par\pard\li626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.879}\par\pard\
li413\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.781.290}\par\pard\li613\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26.489}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {55.215}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989/1990}\par\pard\li626\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27.327}\par\pard\li400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {5.544.648}\par\pard\li546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {164.507}\par\pard\li520\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22
9.138}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Datele statistice
indic\uc1\u259X un progres notabil comparativ }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu perioada antebelic\uc1\u259X. Dar, }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n acelasi timp, statele capitaliste }\par\pard\
li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {europene au cunoscut
un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proces de modernizare mult mai }\par\p
ard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {accelerat, astfel
c\uc1\u259X decalajele dintre Romnia si aceste }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {state nu s-au micsorat, ci s-a
u m\uc1\u259Xrit comparativ cu }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X. Via\uc1\u355Xa a demonstrat
c\uc1\u259X o conducere }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin }\par\pard\li2026\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidul unic, lipsa unei alt
ernative, a alegerilor libere dau nastere }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {abuzurilor si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{voluntarismului, cu consecin\uc1\u355Xe negative asupra }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor.}\par\pa
rd\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Istoria a ar\uc1\u2
59Xtat c\uc1\u259X nici un regim totalitar nu poate }\par\pard\li2
026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {supravie\uc1\u355Xui n cond
i\uc1\u355Xiile amplific\uc1\u259Xrii luptei na\uc1\u355Xiuni}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {lor pentru }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {libertate.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {10. }\
b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {EVOLU\uc1\u354XII DUP\uc1\u258X REVOLU\uc1\u354
XIA DIN DECEMBRIE }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1989}\b0 \par\pard\li3280\r
x100 {a) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Revenirea la regimul democratic, pluripa
rtidist}\b0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La
22 decembrie 1989, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Ceausescu a fost sili
t s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
bandoneze }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterea, care a fost preluata de }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {Consiliul Frontului }\b0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Salv\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale }\b0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(CFSN); n seara aceleiasi zile, acesta a difuzat }\par\p
ard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un }\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {Comunicat }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre \uc1\u35
5Xar\uc1\u259X, n care se anun\uc1\u355Xau bazele unui nou }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\

sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regim politic. Presedintele noului or
ganism de conducere al }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii a fost desemnat Ion Iliescu, iar n func\uc1\u355X
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ia de prim-ministru }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost numit Petre Roman.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0
\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Revenirea la sistemul democratic, pl
uripartidist, dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {mai mult de patru decenii, a fost marcat\uc1\u259X prin Decretul nr
. }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8/31 decembri
e 1989, care la articolul l prevedea: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Jn Romnia e
ste }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {liber
\uc1\u259X constituirea partidel}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {or }\i0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {politice, cu excep\uc1\u355Xia }\i0 \par\pard\
li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {partidelor fasciste
sau a celor care propag\uc1\u259X concep\uc1\u355Xii }\i0 \par\pard\l
i2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {contrare ordinii de stat
si de drept. Nici o alt\uc1\u259X ngr\uc1\u259Xdire pe }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {motive de ras\uc1\u259X, na\uc1\u
355Xionalitate, religie, grad de cultur\uc1\u259X, sex }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sau convingeri politice nu poate
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {mpiedica co
nstituirea si }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {func\uc1\u355Xionarea partidelor politice". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Activitatea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidelor }\par\pard\li2733\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice trebuia s\uc1\u259X se baz
eze pe }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xrespectul suveranit\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u355Xii, }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {independen\uc1\u355Xei si integrit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xi
onale, al democra\uc1\u355Xiei, n }\i0 \par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {vederea asigur\uc1\u259Xrii libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\
u355Xilor si drepturilor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor si }\i0 \par\pard
\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {afirm\uc1\u259Xrii demn
it\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii na\uc1\u355Xiunii }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {r
omne'". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru a fi nregistrat, }\par\pard\li2733
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un partid trebuia s\uc1\u259X-si
prezinte statutele de organizare si }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xionare, programul politic, s\uc1\u2
59X-si declare sediul si }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {mijloacele financiare de care dispunea si s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u2
59X dovada }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc
1\u259X avea cel pu\uc1\u355Xin }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {251 }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de membri. Se mai preciza c\uc1\u259X nu }\par\
pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau fi membri de p
artid cadrele militare si personalul }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {civil din Ministerul Ap\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xrii
Na\uc1\u355Xionale si Ministerul de }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Interne, judec\uc1\u259Xtorii, procurorii si d
iploma\uc1\u355Xii, precum si }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {personalul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {operativ al Radio-Tel
eviziunii Romne.}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2773\ri
\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {172}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada imediat urm\uc1\u259Xtoare s
-a nregistrat o }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {adev\uc1\u259Xrata \uc1\u8222Xinfla\uc1\u355Xie" de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {partide politice, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xie da
torat\uc1\u259X att }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1

00 {dorin\uc1\u355Xei sincere a romnilor de a rupe definitiv cu }
\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {monopartidismul
comunist, ct si veleitarismului unor }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {persoane }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care, profi
tnd de num\uc1\u259Xrul mic de membri necesar }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru legalizarea unei forma\uc1\u355Xiuni partiz
ane, doreau s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {afirme pe scena politic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au reap\uc1\u259Xrut partidele istorice,
interzise de regimul }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {totalitar: Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xn
esc (PN\uc1\u354X), Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-}\par\pard\li
1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liberal (PNL) si Partidul
Social-Democrat din Romnia (PSDR); acest }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fenomen nu a fost vizibil doar n Romnia,
ci si n Cehia (Partidul }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Popular, Uniunea Democrat-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crest
in\uc1\u259X), Bulgaria (Uniunea }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X Agrarian\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XNicola Petkov", Pardidul Democrat 1896) si }\pa
r\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria (Partidul M
icilor Proprietari).}\par\pard\li2386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {La 11 ianuarie 1990 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a nregistrat P
artidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc Crestin-Democrat (PN\uc1\u354XC
D), avndu-1 ca lider pe }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Corneliu Coposu, unul dintre colaboratorii apropia\uc1\u355Xi ai lui }\
par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luliu Maniu. n
programul s\uc1\u259Xu, forma\uc1\u355Xiunea se pronun\uc1\u355Xa }\pa
r\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru instaurarea
unui regim politic constitu\uc1\u355Xional bazat pe }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democra\uc1\u355Xia pluralist\uc1\u259X;
descentralizarea administrativ\uc1\u259X; }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegeri libere; mpiedicarea instaur\uc1\u259X
rii unui regim de }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {dictatur\uc1\u259X de tip fascist sau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {com
unist, precum si a altor forme }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalitare de guvernare; separarea puterilor n stat si
instaurarea unui }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{stat de drept; libertatea presei, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu
vntului si a informa\uc1\u355Xiei; }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {garantarea drepturilor si libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u3
55Xilor politice si sociale }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {pentru to\uc1\u355Xi cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii, indife
rent de na\uc1\u355Xionalitate ori }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {credin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X religioas\uc1\u259X, n
conformitate cu Carta drepturilor }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omului, Actul final de la Helsinki, precum
si cu toate }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{conven\uc1\u355Xiile interna\uc1\u355Xionale la care avea s\uc1\u259
X adere statul }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {romn. Din punctul de vedere al formei de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt, }\par\pard\li1866
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidul sus\uc1\u355Xinea mo
narhia constitu\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li186
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
nistii erau adep\uc1\u355Xii economiei de pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, ba
zat\uc1\u259X pe }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {proprietatea si ini\uc1\u355Xiativa particular\uc1\u259X, pe libera concure
n\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X; }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ei militau pentru restaurarea propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii asupra tere

nurilor }\par\pard\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agricol
e, nucleul urmnd s\uc1\u259X-1 constituie gospod\uc1\u259Xria }\par\par
d\li1866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {individual\uc1\u259X, ca
re urma s\uc1\u259X devin\uc1\u259X o ferm\uc1\u259X de tip occidental.}\par\par
d\li2373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul National-Liber
al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(PNL), condus de un comitet de }\par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X
format din Radu Cmpeanu, I.V.S\uc1\u259Xndulescu si }\par\pard\li1853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dan Amedeo L\uc1\u259Xz\uc1\u259Xr
escu, a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost nscris la 15 ianuarie 1990. Fidel
}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principiilor
fundamentale ale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {liberalismului politic, l
iberalismului }\i0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {economic si liberalismului culturaF', }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PNL
avea ca principale deziderate: }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xinstaurarea unei reale democra\uc1\u355Xii
si structurarea unui }\i0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\i {sistem economic viabil, avnd ca baz\uc1\u259X economia de pia\uc1\
u355X\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {liber\uc1\u259X si ca element activ, dinamic }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {- }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {libera concuren\uc1\u355X\uc1\u25
9X", }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {centrul libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {economice, PNL situa respectul posesiunii }\par\pard\li185
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {particulare, }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {singura form\uc1\u259X de}\i0 \par\pard\li7813\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {111,}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p
arscalex100\i {proprietate" }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care permitea
si asigura }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Desc\uc1\u259Xtusarea liberei }\i
0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {ini\uc1\u355
Xiative a indivizilor, independen\uc1\u355Xa acestora fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X}\
i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { de stat si }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {restrngerea la maximum' ' }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {a influen\uc1\u355Xei etatiste.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Social-Democrat din Romnia (PSDR) s-a
legalizat la 18 }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ianuarie 1990, avndu-i n frunte pe Adrian Dimitriu si Sergiu Cunescu. In }\par\p
ard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {programul s\uc1\u259Xu
, partidul se declara pentru realizarea unei }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi funda}\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {mentate pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Demnitate, libertate, just
i\uc1\u355Xie social\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {egalitate n drepturi, solidaritate si bun\uc1\u259Xstare"
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si ntemeierea }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unui stat de drept sprijinit pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {sufragiul universal si pe pluralism". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {PSDR }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
o}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nsidera c\uc1\u259X, n condi\uc1\u355Xiile
tranzi\uc1\u355Xiei, transform\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice trebuia s\uc1\u259X se bazeze pe princi
piul coexisten\uc1\u355Xei }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {formelor de proprietate (economie mixt\uc1\u259X-de stat, asociativ\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
particular\uc1\u259X), pe mecanismele economiei de pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259X si pe }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
principiul conducerii co-par}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ticipative.}\par\pard\l
i3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 28 }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars

calex100 {ianuarie s-a nregistrat Uniunea Democrat\uc1\u259X a }\par\pa
rd\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maghiarilor din Romnia (
U.D.M.R.), care se constituise nc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 decembrie 19
89.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cursul luni
i ianuarie 1990 s-au mai constituit: Miscarea Ecologiste }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Rom}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia
, Partidul Socialist Democratic Romn, Uniunea }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat-Crestin\uc1\u259X, Partidul Democrat,
Partidul Ecologist }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Romn, Partidul Unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Democratice, Partidul
Uniunii }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Crest
ine din Romnia, Partidul Progresist, Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Natio
nal-}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat,
Partidul Liberal (al Li}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u35
5Xii) din Romnia, Partidul }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Ecologist-Umanist din Romnia, Partidul Unit\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democr
atice din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Moldova, Partidul Socialist-Liberal
, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc Romn, Partidul
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Liberal Democrat, Partidul Social }\par\pard
\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat-Crestin Romn,
Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si Demo
cra\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Romne, Partidul Democrat Agrar din Romnia si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Partidul }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Republican (n total, 21 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de partide constituite doar
ntr-o lun\uc1\u259X).}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Un moment extrem de controversat a fost }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transformarea Frontului Salv\uc1\
u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale (FSN) n partid }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 fe
bruarie 1990; presedintele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN a fost desemnat Ion
}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iliescu. Faptul
c\uc1\u259X FSN preluase puterea politic\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {22 decembrie }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1989, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construindu-si structuri de conducere n toat
e jude\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, precum si n ntreprinderi si institu\uc1\u355Xii, ava
ntaja n mod }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evid
ent acest }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid. Conform platformei-program, FSN e
ra expresia }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\
uc1\u8222Xconsensului }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {na\uc1\u355Xional real
izat n vederea r\uc1\u259Xsturn\uc1\u259Xrii dictaturii }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {si a naint\uc1\u259Xrii Romniei n era
libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi?'.}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Frontul se co
nstituia ca \uc1\u8222Xo }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {miscare de centnt-stnga, adresat\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {oamenilor muncii, celor mai }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {largi categorii sociale, orientare ce-l apropie de
}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {valorile si obiectivele }\i0 \par\pard\li2813
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {social-democra\uc1\u355Xiei eu
ropene". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u354Xelul fundamental al }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN era }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {crearea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xunui stat de
drept, ntemeiat pe justi\uc1\u355Xie si echitate }\i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {social\uc1\u259X, pe suprema\uc1\u355X
ia legif\\ }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In domeniul e}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {conomic, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal

ex100 {fundamentele tranzi\uc1\u355Xiei vizau }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
descentralizarea, privatizarea, }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {liberalizarea si rentabilizarea, introducerea 174}\par\pard\s
\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mecanismelor economiei de pia\
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, paralel cu m\uc1\u259Xsuri de }\par\pard\li1840\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protec\uc1\u355Xie social\uc1\u259X
si de asigurare a stabilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {po
litico-sociale. }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Din punctul de vedere al }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xii, FSN sus\uc1\u355Xinea economia }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mixt\uc1\u259X de pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, prin
coexisten\uc1\u355Xa propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii publice si a }\par\pard\
li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celei particulare.}\par\pa
rd\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X ample
confrunt\uc1\u259Xri politice, care au luat si }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {forme violente, la }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {9 februarie 1990 s-a constituit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {Consiliul }\b0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {Provizoriu de Uniune Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {(CPUN) }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {organ }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{legislativ ce avea s\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xioneze pn\uc1\u259X Ia
alegerile }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {par
lamentare si preziden\uc1\u355Xiale din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 mai. Ace
sta era compus din }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {105 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi ai partidelor si for
ma\uc1\u355Xiunilor politice nou }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {create, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {106 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi ai Consiliului FSN, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
27 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai uniunilor minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale si trei reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi ai }\par\par
d\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Asocia\uc1\u355Xiei Fos
tilor De\uc1\u355Xinu\uc1\u355Xi Politici (n total }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {- 241 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {membri), }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmnd ca delega\uc1\u355Xii partidelor ce a
veau s\uc1\u259X se constituie }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ulterior s\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { participe ca o
bservatori.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La
18 martie 1990, CPUN a adoptat legea privind alegerea }\par\pard\li
1773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Parlamentului si a Pre
sedintelui Romniei, care prevedea: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {puterea
}\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {politic\u
c1\u259X n Romnia apar\uc1\u355Xine poporului si se exercit\uc1\u259X
}\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {potrivit
principiilor democra\uc1\u355Xiei, libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si asi
gur\uc1\u259Xrii }\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx6480\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {demnit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii umane, inviolabilit\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u355Xii si}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { inalienabilit\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u355Xii }\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {drepturilor fundamentale ale omuluf\\ }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Potrivit articolului 2, }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {,guvernarea Romniei se realizeaz\uc1\u259X pe baza si
stemului }\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
democratic pluralist, precum si a separa\uc1\u355Xiei puterilor }\i0
\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {legislativ\uc1
\u259X, executiv\uc1\u259X}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { si }\i0 \fs22\

cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {judec\uc1\u259Xtoreasca'. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Articolul 11 stabilea: }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222XCandidaturile pentru Parlament si }\i0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Presedin\uc1\u355Xia Romniei se }\i0 \par\pard\li177
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {propun de c\uc1\u259Xtre
partide sau alte forma\uc1\u355Xiuni }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{politice, }\i0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4880\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {constituite conform legii"'.}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Alegerile parlamentare si }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xiale}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost fi
xate pentru ziua de 20 mai 1990.}\par\pard\li2333\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {n Romnia, puterea de dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2
2 decembrie 1989 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si pn\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1800\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2
0 mai 1990 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(reprezentat\uc1\u259X ini\uc1\u355
Xial de Consiliul Frontului }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Salv\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale si, ulterior, de
Consiliul Provizoriu de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Uniune Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X) a fost de natur\uc1
\u259X revolu\uc1\u355Xionar\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reprezentativitatea CFSN si CPUN era ns\uc1\u259X alter
at\uc1\u259X de lipsa }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {suportului electoral; n fapt, partidele politice se reg\uc1\u259Xseau }\pa
r\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n CPUN n propor\uc1\
u355Xia rezultat\uc1\u259X din transformarea CFSN si }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu conform op\uc1\u355Xiunii cet\uc1\u259
X\uc1\u355Xenilor. Func\uc1\u355Xia central\uc1\u259X a CPUN, }\par\pard\li1800\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmare direct\uc1\u259X a }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limitelor regimului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {provizori
u, a fost aceea de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {asigurare a condi\uc1\u355Xiilor necesare pentru instituirea unei
}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteri legit
imate, prin organizarea si desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea unor }\par\pard\li180
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegeri generale libere, p
e baza unei legi electorale }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {democratice. Astfel, tranzi\uc1\u355Xia de la }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {put}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erea revolu\uc1\u355Xionar\uc1\u
259X la }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterea
legitimat\uc1\u259X de reprezentativitatea conferit\uc1\u259X de }\par
\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {op\uc1\u355Xiunea
cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor s-a realizat prin func\uc1\u355Xionarea }\
par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {efectiv\uc1\u259X
a}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mecanismelor
electorale democratice.}\par\pard\li7786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {175}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
cf0\par\pard\li3440\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ineditul pe
rioadei provizoratului 1-a constituit re}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nnod
area, }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u
259X aproape o jum\uc1\u259Xtate de secol, a pluripartidismului, }\par\pard\li2
893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar si transformarea lui n }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xpreamultipartidism", amplificat de }\p
ar\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apetitul manifest
al vechilor si noilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {forma\uc1\u355Xiuni politice
de a se }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {confrun
ta mai mult sau mai pu\uc1\u355Xin politic. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Procesul }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
radical}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iz\uc1\u259Xrii luptei politice a fost propr
iu ntregii perioade a }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale

x100 {provizoratului si a evoluat n strns\uc1\u259X leg\uc1\u259Xtur\u
c1\u259X cu }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
resterea exponen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X a num\uc1\u259Xrului partidelor politice
: la }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25 ianuari
e 1990 erau nscrise oficial 19 partide politice; la l februarie }\par\pard\li2893
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990 - 30; la 16 februarie 1990
- 44; la 18 mai 1990-80.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Stilul protagonistilor luptei politice a fost marcat, pe de o parte, }\
par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {lipsa experien\uc1\u355Xei democratice, a coeren\uc1\u355Xei si c
larit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {programatice, iar pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, de ner\uc
1\u259Xbdarea }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
uceririi puterii politice. La acestea se ad\uc1\u259Xuga si }\par\
pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {optimismul nejustifc
at de mare privind virtu\uc1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pluripartidismului n sine.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar, desi existau att de multe
partide, virtual }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {purt\uc1\u259Xtoare ale unor op\uc1\u355Xiuni politice, axul c
onfrunt\uc1\u259X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rii }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale 1-a constituit polarizarea ntre }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adep\uc1\u355Xii si opozan\uc1\u355Xii FSN, }\par\pard
\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disputa ntre ideologia \uc
1\u8222Xfesenist\uc1\u259X" si cea \uc1\u8222Xantifesenist\uc1\u259X". }\par\par
d\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un moment important al s
tructur\uc1\u259Xrii partizane a fost cel }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9 aprilie 1990,
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dat\uc1\u259X la care PN\uc1\u354X-CD, PNL
si PSDR au }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{semnat o declara\uc1\u355Xie prin care anun\uc1\u355Xau c\uc1\u259X
aveau s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {colaboreze si s\uc1\u259X si acorde reciproc sprijinul n alegeri, la }\par\
pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care fiecare partid a
vea s\uc1\u259X se prezinte, totusi, cu liste si }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {programe pro
prii.}\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Campania
electoral\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {propriu-zis\uc1\u259X
s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ntr-o atmosfer\uc1\u259X de confruntare exacerbat\uc1\u259X, dominat\
uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ma
nifesta\uc1\u355Xii de strad\uc1\u259X si chiar de alterca\uc1\u355Xi
i. In unele }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{localit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, candida\uc1\u355Xii la Presedin\uc1\u355Xie din p
artea opozi\uc1\u355Xiei au }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {fost mpiedica\uc1\u355Xi s\uc1\u259X vorbeasc\uc1\u259X, fiind acuza
\uc1\u355Xi c\uc1\u259X au stat n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Occident si au ve}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nit }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Romnia abia dup\uc1\u259X Revolu\uc1\u355Xie, }\
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xutnd
s\uc1\u259X profite, desi nu mncaser\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i {\uc1\u8222Xsalam cu soia" }\i0 \par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(aliment devenit emblematic pentru perioada de e
xtreme }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {priva\uc1\u355Xiuni }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din ultimii ani ai socialismului total
itar). Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a axat
campania electoral}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X pe \uc1\u8222Xl
upta mpotriva }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
comunismului si neocomunismului", reprezentate de FSN }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-2

53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n general si, n particular, de
Ion Iliescu, lansnd }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx5093\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {totodat\uc1\u259X si sloganul}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{anarhia salveaz\uc1\u259X Romnia".}\i0 \par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 22 aprilie 1990, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\
u259X un miting organizat de PN\uc1\u354X-CD, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o parte din participan\uc1\u355Xi au blocat P
ia\uc1\u355Xa Universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii din }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti. Aceasta se afl\uc1\u259X chiar n
centrul capitalei, deci }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {n zona cu cea mai mare vizibilitate mediatic\uc1\u259X, iar
pe }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt\uc1\u25
9X parte, aici, n timpul Revolu\uc1\u355Xiei din Decembrie, si }\p
ar\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierduser\uc1\u259
X via\uc1\u355Xa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ze}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ci
de tineri, devenind astfel un simbol }{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {*\uc1\u8226
X&*}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al martiriulu
i. Ocupan\uc1\u355Xii Pie\uc1\u355Xei au declarat-o \uc1\u8222Xzon\uc1\u259X lib
er\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
neocomunism", \uc1\u8222Xkilometrul O al democra\uc1\u355Xiei". Ei }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {176}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
























\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cereau scoaterea
n afara legii a oric\uc1\u259Xrui partid de tip }\par\pard\li1853\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunist sau neocomunist (cel viz
at direct fiind chiar FSN), }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {precum si nl\uc1\u259Xturarea din func\uc1\u355Xiile de conduce
re a celor }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
care f\uc1\u259Xcuser\uc1\u259X parte din nomenclatura comunist\uc1\u25
9X si din }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
paratul respectiv n anii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945-1989; }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xia sus\uc1\u355Xinea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pu
nctul }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Proclama\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iei de
la Timisoara (din 11 martie 1990), prin care se cerea }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interzicerea dreptului de a cand
ida n alegeri al persoanelor care }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avuseser\uc1\u259X func\uc1\u355Xii n cadrul PCR sau
care f\uc1\u259Xcuser\uc1\u259X parte }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din organele Securit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii. Cel
vizat era Ion Iliescu, fost }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {secretar al CC al PCR, declarat \uc1\u8222Xprin
cipalul vinovat de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {deturnarea caracterului anticomunist al Revolu\uc1\u355Xiei }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {decembrie 1989". }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Manifestan\uc1\u3
55Xii erau sprijini\uc1\u355Xi de PN\uc1\u354X-CD, PNL, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PSD, precum si de mai multe organiza\uc
1\u355Xii civice.}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n ziua alegerilor generale, 20 mai 1990, s-a n}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regis
trat o masiv\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {participare la vot a popula\uc1\u355Xiei (de peste }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {80%); }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe }\par\pard\li1840
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circumscrip\uc1\u355Xii elector
ale au fost nevoite s\uc1\u259X-si prelungeasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea dup\uc1\u259X ora oficial\
uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nchidere (ora 22), }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {pentru a da }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {posibilitatea tuturor votan\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u259X-si exprime
op\uc1\u355Xiunea }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {politic\uc1\u259X. Dup\uc1\u259X cum era de asteptat, lipsa de experien\uc1\
u355X\uc1\u259X, att }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {a organizatorilor, ct si a electoratului, a creat o serie de }\par\pard\li18
40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dificult\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi
legate de procedura propriu-zis\uc1\u259X de votare, dar }\par\pard\li1840\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerile s-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat,
n ansamblu, n condi\uc1\u355Xii corecte.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {u parlament, rezultate
le au fost urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele:}\par\pard\li5880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li5880\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procentaj }\i0 \
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols
2\colno1\colw7000\colsr-0\colno2\colw4440\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx58
00\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Forma\uc1\u355Xiunea politic\uc1\u259X}\i0 \tab
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Adunarea }\i0 \par\pard\li5800\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Deputa\uc1\u355Xilo}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procentaj }\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Senat}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw5800\colsr-0\c
olno2\colw480\colsr-0\colno3\colw5160\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Frontul Salv\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale (FSN)}\par\pard\li
1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Democratic\uc1\u259X
a }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maghiarilor
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia (UDMR)}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul National-Liberal (PNL)}\par\pard\li1880\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miscarea Ecologist\uc1\u259X din R
omnia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(MER)}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u25
9Xnesc}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Crestin }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(PN\uc1
\u354X-CD)}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alian
\uc1\u355Xa pentru Unitatea }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Romnilor (AUR)}\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Partidul Democrat Agrar din Romnia (PDAR)}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Ecologist Romn (PER)}\par\pard\li188
0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Socialist Democratic R
omn (PSDR)}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
r}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx880\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{66,31 %}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {67,02 %}\ul0 \par\pard\li106\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \*\tx973\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,23 %}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {7,20 %}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li106\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx960\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,41 %}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\ul {7,06 %}\ul0 \par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx960\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {2,62 %}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {2.45 %}\ul0 \par\par
d\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx960\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,56 %}\tab \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,50 %}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx960\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,12%}\tab \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2,15%}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx1400\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1,83%}\tab \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {-}\ul0 \par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx973\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1,69%}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {1,38%}\ul0 \p
ar\pard\li93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx946\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0,53 %}\tab
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0.53 %}\par\pard\li1440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {177}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn
15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
In primul parlament pluripartidist al Romniei postbelice (care avea }\par\pard\li
2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx4613\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si calitatea de
}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Adunare Constituant\uc1\u259X) }\b0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentare circa }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {40
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de forma\uc1\u355Xiuni politice, legea electoral\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neprev
\uc1\u259Xznd nici un prag de acces n forul legislativ }\par\pard\l
i2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional. Victor
ia n alegeri a FSN a fost categoric\uc1\u259X, fapt }\par\pard\li
2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comentat mult la vreme
a respec}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tiv\uc1\u259X. Opozi\uc1\u355Xia parl
amentar\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {contura ca fiind foarte eterogen\uc1\u259X si atomizat\uc1\u259X.}\par\p
ard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru func\uc1\u355Xi
a de Presedinte al Romniei au concurat: }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Iliescu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(FSN) - }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {85,07% din voturi, Radu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Cmpeanu (PNL) -10,64%, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Ion Ra\
uc1\u355Xiu (PN\uc1\u354X-CD) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 4,29%.}\par\pard\li
3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { alegerile din 20 mai 1990, partidele politice si-au retras }
\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijinul pentru
manifesta\uc1\u355Xia din Pia\uc1\u355Xa Universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii. Dar o
}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parte a partic
ipan\uc1\u355Xilor a continuat s\uc1\u259X ocupe Pia\uc1\u355Xa, contestnd }\par\
pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezultatul alegeril
or. In }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zilele de 13-14 iunie 1990 s-au nr
egistrat }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evenim
ente violente, ca urmare a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {faptului c\uc
1\u259X participan\uc1\u355Xii au }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncercat s\uc1\u259X ocupe unele institu\uc1\u355Xi
i publice (Ministerul de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Interne, Televiziunea), iar guvernan\uc1\u355Xii au apelat la spr
ijinul }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u82
22Xcet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor", al \uc1\u8222Xoamenilor de bine". U
n masiv grup de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {mineri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { s-a deplasat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {din Valea Jiului la Bucuresti; acestia i-au }\par\pard\li27
60\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atacat pe manifestan\uc1\u
355Xi, obligndu-i s\uc1\u259X se mpr\uc1\u259Xstie, au }\par\pard\li2760\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devastat sediile partidelor istor
ice (PN\uc1\u354X-CD si PNL), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si }\par\pard\
li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale unor ziare. Aceste eve
nimente au fost puternic mediatizate de posturile }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { televiziune s
i presa occidental\uc1\u259X, discreditnd imaginea }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei ca stat democratic.}\par\pard\li3280\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 28 iunie 1990, Parlamentul
a nvestit un executiv monocolor }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {(FSN), condus de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Petre Ro
man, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nc\uc1\u259X de la nceput, echipa }
\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernamental\uc
1\u259X s-a confruntat cu numeroase ac\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {iuni }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grev
iste, care au avut ca efect paralizarea unor sectoare economice
}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {importante (pr
ecum transporturile feroviere si maritime).}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-373\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Constitu\uc1\u355X
ia din }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1991. Alegerile din 1992}\b0 \par\pard
\li3266\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Perioada \uc1\u8222Xprovi
zoratului politic" a luat sfrsit, din punct de vedere }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-24
0\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {juridic, o dat\uc1\u259X cu adoptare
a noii Constitu\uc1\u355Xii; aceasta a fost }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {votat\uc1\u259X, dup\uc1\u259X ample }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezbateri, n ziua de 21 noiembrie 1991; din cei }\par\
pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {510 }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {senatori si deputa\uc1\u355Xi au fost prezen\uc1\u355Xi }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {509, iar dintre acestia 414 }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au pronun\uc1\u355Xat pentru si}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {95 contra.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Au votat pentru Cons}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {titu\uc1\u35

5Xie FSN, PUNR si }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {reprezentan\uc1\u355Xii minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor, altele dect ce
a maghiar\uc1\u259X, si }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {au votat contra UDMR, PN\uc1\u354XCD si o parte din PN
L. }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1
\u355Xia a fost supus\uc1\u259X referendumului, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {8 decembrie }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1991; }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desi Opozi\uc1\u355Xia a ceait cet\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor s\uc1\u259X nu participe la vot. }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul celor care si-au exp
rimat op\uc1\u355Xiunea a reprezentat }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {67% din totalul 178}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12
240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn546\pard\li1906\ri0\
f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355Xiei cu dreptul de a alege, n favo
area noii legi }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {fundamentale a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii s-au pronun\uc1\u355Xat }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {73% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre votan\uc1\u355Xi.}\par\p
ard\li2413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia a
vea un caracter democratic si consacra }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {siste}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mul pluripartidist.
Articolul 8 prevedea: }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {pluralismul n }\i0 \pa
r\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {societatea romne
asc\uc1\u259X este o condi\uc1\u355Xie si o garan\uc1\u355Xie a }\i
0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx6693\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dem
ocra\uc1\u355Xiei constitu\uc1\u355Xionale. Partidele}\i0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i { politice se }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {constituie si si des/asoar\uc1\u259X activitatea
n condi\uc1\u355Xiile legii, }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {contribuind la definirea si exprimarea voin\uc
1\u355Xei politice a }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor, respectnd suveranitatea na\u
c1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {integritatea teritorial\uc1\u259X, ordinea de drept si
principiile }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {democra\uc1\u355Xiei"". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potrivit articolu
lui 37, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {,je pot asocia liber }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n partide politice,}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\i { n sindicate si n alte forme de asociere. }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Partidele sau asocia\uc1\u355Xiile care,
prin scopurile ori activitatea }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {lor, militeaz\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{mpotriva pluralismului politic, a principiilor statului de }\i0 \par\pard\li1840
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {drept ori a }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {suveranit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, a integrit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X
ii sau a independen\uc1\u355Xei }\i0 \par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romniei sun}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {t }\i0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {neconstitu\uc1\u355Xionale". }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Se mai stabilea c\uc1\u259X nu }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puteau face parte din partide politice
judec\uc1\u259Xtorii Cur\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xionale, avoca\uc1\u355Xii poporu
lui, magistra\uc1\u355Xii, membrii }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activi ai armatei, poli\uc1\u355Xistii si alte
categorii de func\uc1\u355Xionari }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publici stabilite prin lege organic\uc1\u259X.
Asocia\uc1\u355Xiile cu caracter }\par\pard\li1840\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secret erau interzise.}\par\pard\li2346\ri0\sl-253\slmult

0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n perioada 1990-1992, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {FSN a cunoscut o reducere a }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popularit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii, evolu\uc1\u355Xie
asem\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtoare cu cea a for\uc1\u355Xelor }\par\pard\li
1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice din statele central
si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {est-europene n care acest}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {e for\uc1\u355Xe si-}\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {au asumat responsabilitatea guvern\uc1\u259Xrii si a asigu
r\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
procesului de tranzi\uc1\u355Xie. La aceasta s-a ad\uc1\u259Xugat
erodarea }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din
interior a autorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii sale, provenit\uc1\u259X din
convingerea }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f
als\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X un partid odat\uc1\u259X ajuns la putere si men\uc1\u3
55Xine de la }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si
ne acest statut, f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a se preocupa n mod dir
ect de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigur
area, consolidarea si adaptarea la dinamica rela\uc1\u355Xiilor }\par\pard\li180
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sociale. Conform Constitu\uc
1\u355Xiei, presedintele Romniei nu }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai putea face parte dintr-un partid politic. De aceea
, Ion }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iliescu a
renun\uc1\u355Xat la func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al FSN, n locul }\par\pard\
li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu fiind ales Pe
tre Roman (n iulie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990). Noul lider s-a declarat }\
par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xreform
ist", declansnd, ncepnd din martie 1991, o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
campanie de }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
liminare a sus\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259Xtorilor lui Ion Iliescu, declara
\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc
1\u8222Xconservatori".}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Acutizarea elementelor de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {instabilita
te social\uc1\u259X si }\b0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {politic\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a dus la
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prima criz\uc1\u259X guvernamental\uc1\u259X din Ro
mnia }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {postcomunis
t\uc1\u259X, n septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1991. }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Premierul Petre Roman }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {era adeptul \uc1\u8222Xterapiei de soc" n abordarea
tranzi\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {economice, atr\uc1\u259Xgnd astfel nemul\uc1\u355Xumirea multor categorii
}\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socio-profesio
nale, printre care si minerii; acestia au }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declansat o grev\uc1\u259X n Valea Jiului
si au reclamat prezen\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {sefului Executivului printre ei, pentru a le satisface imed
iat }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {revendic\uc
1\u259Xrile; deoarece acesta a refuzat, minerii, care }\par\pard\li1
773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aveau proasp\uc1\u259Xt n mint
e \uc1\u8222Xsuccesul" din iunie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990 au venit }\pa
r\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din nou la}\par\par
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti, lund cu asalt se
diile guvernului (Palatul Victoria), Parla-}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mentului (din Dealul Mitropoliei) si
Presedin\uc1\u355Xiei (Palatul }\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Cotroceni). n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest context, Pet
re Roman si-a depus mandatul de prim-}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\

cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministru.}\par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Presedintele Iliescu a ini\uc1\u355Xiat negocieri pentru formare
a }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unui guvern
cu o baz\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X mai larg\uc1\u259X, ob\uc1\u3
55Xinnd }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colabora
rea Partidului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {si Misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ecologiste din }\par
\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia (MER). Noul gu
vern, format la 16 octombrie 1991, era condus }\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Theodor Stol
ojan }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si avea misiunea de a gestiona
}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {problemele cu
rente ale \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii pn\uc1\u259X la organizarea noilor
}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegeri}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generale.}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {La 26 noiembrie 1991, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Petre
Roman a anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1\u259X FSN }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retrage }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sprijinul po
litic acordat presedintelui Il}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iescu; o lu
n\uc1\u259X mai }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {trziu a luat nastere }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grupul pentru Uni
tatea Frontului, format la }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {nceput din 55 de parlamentari }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus
\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259Xtori ai presedintelui Iliescu. }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Divergen\uc1\u355Xele s-au acutizat n
leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu desemnarea }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {candidatului FSN la alegerile preziden\u
c1\u355Xiale; cele dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi care doreau s\uc1\u259X ca
ndideze, Ion Iliescu si Petre }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Roman, si-au adus public acuza\uc1\u355Xii reciproce }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {(13 martie 1992), }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {situndu-se pe pozi\uc1\u355Xii ireconciliabile. Conven\uc1\u3
55Xia FSN din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27-}\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {29 martie 1992 a marcat \uc1\u8222Xruperea"
acestui partid. Petre Roman a fo}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {st }\par\pard\li28
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reales presedintele FSN. Pe de
alt\uc1\u259X parte, gruparea care-1 }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinea pe Ion Iliescu a creat un
nou partid }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Frontul }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Salv\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 22 Decembrie, numit ulterior }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {Frontul Democrat }\b0 \par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {al }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Salv\uc1\u259Xrii Na\uc1
\u355Xionale (FDSN). }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ambele partide si-au pus
}\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {candida\uc1\u35
5X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i proprii n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerile
parlamentare si preziden\uc1\u355Xiale.}\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Si n rndurile opozi\uc1\u355Xiei s-au nregistrat
muta\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {importante, aceasta reusind s\uc1\u259X-si atrag\uc1\u259X sus\uc
1\u355Xin\uc1\u259Xtori din }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {tab\uc1\u259Xra celor nemul\uc1\u355Xumi\uc1\u355Xi de po
litica }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xregimului Iliescu". Un }\par
\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {element important
1-a constituit }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apari\uc1\u355Xia unor forma
\uc1\u355Xiuni dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {modelul forurilor civice din Cehoslovacia si Ungaria, care s-}\p
ar\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au dovedit a fi ex
trem de eficiente n activitatea lor. Cea }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs

22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai important\uc1\u259X forma\uc1\u355Xiune de ace
st tip a fost Alian\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Civic\uc1\u259X (AC), ntemeiat\uc1\u259X la }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {6 noiembrie 1990 si care se definea }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {struct
ur\uc1\u259X de cooperare a tuturor energiilor sociale care }\i0 \par\pard\li286
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sus\uc1\u355Xin valorile cre
din\uc1\u355Xei si democra\uc1\u355Xiei}\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { . }
\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Avnd ca deviz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,,\uc1\u8470X/}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {putem reusi dect mpreuna', }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noua forma\uc1\u3
55Xiune a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ampl\uc1\u259X si persuasiv\uc1\u259X campanie n rndurile opiniei
publice si }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
coalizare a ntregii opozi\uc1\u355Xii. S-a ajuns la constituirea, de }\par\pard\l
i2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre cele tre
i partide istorice (PNL, PN\uc1\u354X-CD, PSDR), a }\par\pard\li2866\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conven\uc1\u355Xiei Na\uc1\u355
Xionale pentru Instaurarea Democra\uc1\u355Xiei. }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apoi, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
26 noiembrie 1991, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a luat fiin\uc1\u355X\uc1
\u259X o ampl\uc1\u259X alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral\uc1\u259X sub denumirea de Co
nven\uc1\u355Xia Democratic\uc1\u259X (CD).}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1
\f0\charscalex100 {Un alt aspect al }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vie\uc1\u355X
ii politice din perioada }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990-1992 1-au }\par\par
d\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituit }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xtransla\uc1\u355Xiile" deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si
senatorilor, fenomen }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {care a luat amploare, mai ales ca urmare a nmul\uc1\u3
55Xirii }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disiden
\uc1\u355Xelor politice; s-a nregistrat o adev\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222
Xmigra\uc1\u355Xie" }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {parlamentar\uc1\u259X, desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X pe direc\uc1\u35
5Xia a dou\uc1\u259X fluxuri: }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {primul, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre grupurile par
lamentare existente, formate ca urmare a }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrutinului din mai 1990 }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {(care a avut ca urmare modificarea }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \*\tx4520\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {componen\uc1\u355Xei puterii}\tab \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legislative) si al doilea, al unor }\par\par
d\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xi si
senatori c\uc1\u259Xtre grupurile parlamentare }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituite prin \uc1\u8222Xefrac\uc1\
u355Xie". Astfel, echilibrul parlamentar a }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost afectat printr-o procedur\uc1\u25
9X vecin\uc1\u259X cu eludarea }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mecanismelor de reprezentare. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Parlamentul s-a \uc1\u8222Xnnoit" pr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in }
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apari\uc1\u355Xi
a de noi grupuri parlamentare si prin p\uc1\u259Xtrunderea }\par\pa
rd\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unor partide inexistent
e la data alegerilor din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20 mai 1990: }\par\pard
\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xio
nal-Liberal-Aripa Tn\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X (PNL-AT), Partidul }\par\pard\li2
066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialist al Muncii (PS
M), Partidul Romnia Mare (PRM); }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2

2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- 20 Mai, Partidul }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alian\uc1\u355Xei Civice (PAC), Frontul Democrat }\p
ar\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Salv\uc1\u259Xr
ii Na\uc1\u355Xionale (FDSN).}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Anul 1992 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost un an elec
toral prin excelen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condensnd toate }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele tr
ei tipuri de scrutin. Organizate n februarie - }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie 1992, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {al
egerile locale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au avut, dincolo de s
emnifica\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {politic\uc1\u259X n sine, un caracter inedit, relund, dup\uc1\u259X o jum\uc
1\u259Xtate }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
secol, tradi\uc1\u355Xia electoral\uc1\u259X democratic\uc1\u259X ante
belic\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ntregind ciclul electoral ini\uc1\u355Xiat n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {1990. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Campania }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral\uc1\u259X a fost excesiv po
litizat\uc1\u259X, ea reprezentnd un }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xexerci\uc1\u355Xiu" n vederea alegeri
lor parlamentare si }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xiale din septembrie. Prezen\uc1\u355Xa la urne a fost
de }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circa 65%, }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai redus\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de mai }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990. Scrutinul a validat noile }\par\pard\li2053\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {structuri }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ale puterii orizontale prin mecanismele democra\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li20
53\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentative, oferind le
gitimitate puterii locale. De }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, s-a conturat si cea mai important\uc1
\u259X for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xie (CD), care s-a plasat pe locul al doilea
, cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24,3% }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {voturi, nregistrnd adev
\uc1\u259Xrate succese n mediul urban.}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Retragerea celui mai i}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mportan
t partid din Conven\uc1\u355Xie, PNL, }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aprilie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992, cu doar cteva
luni naintea alegerilor legislative, a pus }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la ncercare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unitatea
alian\uc1\u355Xei. Liberalii condusi de Radu }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cnpeanu si-au explicat plecarea prin
motive doctrinare }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {(afirmndu-si pozi\uc1\u355Xia tradi\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X de partid na\uc
1\u355Xional, pozi\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {incompatibil\uc1\u259X, n opinia lor, cu prezen\uc1\u355Xa UDMR n
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {structurile }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CD), dar si prin dezavantajele rezultate din reprezent
ativitatea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidelor }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n condi\uc1\u355Xiile utiliz\uc1\u259Xrii
listelor electorale comune si }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajamentului de a se sus\uc1\u355Xine un ca
ndidat unic la }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Presedin\uc1\u355Xie, situa\uc1\u355Xie n care PNL se}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {considera minimalizat.}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Locul Conven\uc1\u355Xiei Democratice a fost luat, la }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {24 iunie }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1992, de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conven\uc1\u355Xia
Democrat\uc1\u259X din Romnia (CDR), }\b0 \par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la care au mai aderat}\par\pard\li7986\ri0\sl-240

\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {181}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage




















\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u3
55Xional-Liberal-Conven\uc1\u355Xia Democrat\uc1\u259X (PNL-CD), }\par\pard\
li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {National-Liberal-}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aripa Tn\uc1\u259Xr\
uc1\u259X (PNL-AT) si Federa\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ecologist\uc1\u259X din Romnia (FER). CDR
a depus liste de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {candida\uc1\u355Xi n vederea alegerilor parlamentare, a adoptat o }\pa
r\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {platform\uc1\u259X
electoral\uc1\u259X unic\uc1\u259X, precum si un program }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {colaborare la guvern si n parlament; la 27 iunie 1992, }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {a desemnat un }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {candidat unic la Presedin\uc1\u355Xie, n persoana lui Emil
}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantinescu
.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alegerile di
n }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {septembri
e 1992 }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au desf\uc1\u259Xsurat pe baza }\par
\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noii legi electo
rale, promulgat\uc1\u259X n iunie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992, care
continua }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pra
ctica sistemului }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezent\uc1\u259Xrii propor\uc1\
u355Xionale, dar introducea }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {pragul electoral de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3% din }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalul voturilor exprimate; se }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viza n fapt reducerea num\uc1\u259Xrulu
i exagerat de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare al partidelor }\par\pard\li2853\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentate n parlament, prin
eliminarea celor cu rez}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ultate slabe. }\par\par
d\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru alegerea pres
edintelui Romniei se stabilea un }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sistem majoritar, cu dou\uc1\u259X tururi de scrutin.}\
par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In campania e
lectoral\uc1\u259X din septembrie au fost }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajate circa }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8
0 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de partide si forma\uc1\u355Xiuni politice, dar d
intre }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestea d
oar FDSN, CDR, FSN, PUNR}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, PRM, PNL, PR si MER au }\
par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {depus liste de ca
ndida\uc1\u355Xi pentru Camera Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si Senat }\par\pard\li2853\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n toate circumscrip\uc1\u355Xiile \
uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. In timpul campaniei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electo
rale, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {accentul
s-a pus pe aspectele pragmatice, viznd modul de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezo
lvare a }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crizei
economice, disputa doctrinar\uc1\u259X propriu-zis\uc1\u259X trecnd }\par\pard
\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {planul secund.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Participarea la urne a fost de 73%, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ceea ce ar\uc1\u259Xta c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xapetitul" politic al popula\uc1\u355Xi

ei se men\uc1\u355Xinea la cote ridicate; }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dar, n fapt, participarea real\uc1\u259X a fost sensi
bil mai redus\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {dat fiind c\uc1\u259X circa un milion si jum\uc1\u259Xtate de voturi
au fost }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declara
te nule (deci, o participare real\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {67%)
.}\par\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Clasificarea
partidelor, n func\uc1\u355Xie de sufragiile }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinute, a fost urm\uc1\u259Xtoa
rea:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\cols3\colno1\colw5133\colsr-0\colno2\colw2173\colsr-0\colno3\colw4133\pard\li2
\charscalex100\i {Forma\uc1\u355Xiunea }\i0 \par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {politic\uc1\u259X}\i0 \par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {PUNR}\par\pard\li2906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{UDMR}\par\pard\li2893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PRM}\par\p
ard\li2906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PSM}\par\pard\li2906\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDAR}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-213\s
182}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procentaj Camera }\i0 \par\pard\li320\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor}\i0 \par\pard\li
600\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20,2 %}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10,4%}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8,1 %}\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {7,6 %}\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {3,8 %}\par\pard\li640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3,2
%}\par\pard\li826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\par\column\
pard\li146\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procentaj Senat}\i0 \par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {21,1 %}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {20%}\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {10,2%}\par\pard\li533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,7
%}\par\pard\li560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,4%}\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3,9 %}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3%}\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3,31 %}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
{In parlament au intrat opt forma\uc1\u355Xiuni politice si .r }
\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u35
5Xii ale minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor na\uc1\u355Xionale, care au
primit un }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ma
ndat din oficiu, potrivit Constitu\uc1\u355Xiei si legii electorale; cum }\par\p
ard\li2173\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259X CDR er
a format\uc1\u259X din sase partide, rezult\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u259X
totalul }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partide
lor reprezentate n Parlament era de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 (cu }\fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {precizarea }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X trei partide membre ale Conven\uc1\u355Xiei nu atins
eser\uc1\u259X pragu! }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {electoral de 3%: PER, PSDR si PNL-CD). n urma alegerilor s-a redus }\par
\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul f
orma\uc1\u355Xiunilor parlamentare comparativ cu }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legislatura anterioar\uc1\u259X. O
alt\uc1\u259X consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X a fost faptul c\uc1\u259X }

\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nici un part
id nu a reusit s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {majoritatea mandatelor }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Primele dou\uc1\u259X for\uc1\u355Xe politice totalizau fiec
are peste }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20% }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din num\uc1\u259Xrul sufragiilor; dispunerea excent
ric\uc1\u259X pe esicherul }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {politic (FDSN }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- centru stnga, CDR
- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {centru-dreapta) putea fi }\par\pard\li2133
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interpretat\uc1\u259X ca o expre
sie a multipartidismului \uc1\u8222Xpur". Dar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\pa
r\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR plasamentul
centru-dreapta nu era }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte cert pentru
toate }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {forma\u
c1\u355Xiunile componente (cel pu\uc1\u355Xin una }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
- PSDR -}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mp\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u259Xsind }\par\pard\li
2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschis o orientare de
centru-stnga); CDR era practic un }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cartel electoral (astfel se explic\uc1\u259X
de ce, imediat dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituirea parla}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mentului
, partidele componente au optat pentru }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grupuri parlamentare proprii).}\par\pard\li264
0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alegerile preziden\uc1\u355Xi
ale au beneficiat de o maxim\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aten\uc1\u355Xie, chiar mai ridicat\uc1\u
259X dect cele parlamentare, n }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primul tur de scrutin s-au confruntat sase candida\uc1\u3
55Xi, iar n }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel
secund }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ion Iliescu
}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(candidatul FDSN, care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {61,4 }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {% din totalul voturilor) si Emil Constantinescu (can
didatul CDR, cu }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {38,57%).}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dis
puta politic\uc1\u259X acerb\uc1\u259X s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut si dup\uc1\u259X al
egerile }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din s
eptembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aces
t tip de comportament a fost }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generat de noua structur\uc1\u259X minoritar\uc1\
u259X a puterii legislative. }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {La Palatul Cotroceni au avut loc consult\uc1\u259Xri }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {(19-20 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie) }\par\pard\li20
53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre liderii forma\uc1\u355
Xiunilor politice reprezentate n }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlament, n vederea alc\uc1\u259Xtuirii guvernulu
i. Presedintele }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Iliescu a anun\uc1\u355Xat la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie c\uc1\u259X noul prim-ministru era }\par\
pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Nicolae V\uc1\u25
9Xc\uc1\u259Xroiu, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezentat ca un specia
list n domeniul }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx7760\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {macroeconomic si al mecanismelor economiei de}\tab \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pia\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nenregimentat politic. Guvernul, sprijinit
de FDSN, a fost }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {nvestit la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 noiembrie 1992, }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {iar programul s\uc1\u259Xu de guvernare a }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost supus dezbaterii }\fs20\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100 {parlamentare n februarie 1993.}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puterea executiv\uc1\u259X apar\uc1\u355Xinea de dre
pt FDSN, care si-a }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {angajat r\uc1\u259Xspunderea politic\uc1\u259X n acest sens, n ti
mp ce }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterea
legislativ\uc1\u259X apar\uc1\u355Xinea de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
fapt unei ma}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {jorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pa
rd\li2026\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare conjunct
ura! constituite }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- FDSN, PSM, PUNR, }\par\pa
rd\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PRM - }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {denumit\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xparlamentul rosu" de c\uc1\u259Xtre o
pozi\uc1\u355Xie, care }\par\pard\li2026\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {acuza partidele componente de \uc1\u8222Xneocomunism".}\par\pard\sect\se
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n activitatea de guvernare, FDSN a fost nev
oit s\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {rabat de la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {progr}\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {amul s\uc1\u259Xu, n favoarea preten\uc1\u355Xiilor si }
\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ambi\uc1\u355Xii
lor alia\uc1\u355Xilor s\uc1\u259Xi parlamentari, pentru a ob\uc1\u35
5Xine }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u
355Xinere n Camera Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor si n Senat. Acestia s-au }
\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dovedit capric
iosi, neezitnd, atunci cnd nu le erau }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {satisf\uc1\u259Xcute preten\uc1\u355Xiile }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- ocuparea unor posturi cu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
influen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si bine }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {remunerate }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. - }\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X atace extrem de dur att FDSN, ct si pe }\par\pard\li2
760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Iliescu; repetat
ele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntlniri, negocieri, acorduri erau - }\par\pard\li
2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproape de fiecare dat\uc1\u
259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- urmate, la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ct
eva luni, de noi st\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {de tensiune si acuze reciproce.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, opozi\uc1\u3
55Xia a ini\uc1\u355Xiat patru mo\uc1\u355Xiuni de }\par\pard\li2746\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cenzur\uc1\u259X mpotriva execut
ivului, cu ocazia discut\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {programului de guvernare, a grevei generale }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la nceputul verii }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anului 1993, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a dezba
terii asupra corup\uc1\u355Xiei si a remanierii }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului din acelasi an. Ac
este }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tentative au fost foarte plastic }\pa
r\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {formulate n sloganul
\uc1\u8222XMc/ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {o sesiune f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X
mo\uc1\u355Xiune", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fapt, guvernul }\par\pard
\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minoritar al FDSN a }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut n permanen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {gabiei lui Damocles' }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deasupra }\par\p
ard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {capului.}\par\pard\li3
253\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {Noi confrunt\uc1\u259Xri politice. \uc1\u8222XSchimbarea" din }\b0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b {1996}\b0 \par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Urm\uc1\u259Xrind s\uc1\u259X atenueze ostilitatea opozi\uc1\u355
Xiei, presedintele }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Ion Iliescu a ncercat s\uc1\u259X o atrag\uc1\u259X n unele a

c\uc1\u355Xiuni de }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X major\uc1\u259X, mai ales n domeniul
politicii externe, }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {viznd integrarea n Uniunea European\uc1\u259X si n Organiza\uc
1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Trata
tului Atlanticului de Nord (NATO).}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { S-au constituit
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comisii }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alc\uc1\u259Xtuite din reprezentan\uc1\u355Xi ai t
uturor partidelor politice }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {parlamentare, care aveau un caracter consultativ. La 21 iunie
1995, liderii }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{acestor partide au semnat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Declara\uc1\u355Xia d
e la Snagov, }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {document care }\par\pard\li2733\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atesta }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {acordul for\uc1\u355Xelor politice din Romnia fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de strate
gia }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355
Xional\uc1\u259X pentru preg\uc1\u259Xtirea ader\uc1\u259Xrii la structurile eur
opene si }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {euroat
lantice.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O nou\u
c1\u259X dinamic\uc1\u259X parlamentar\uc1\u259X s-a nregistrat n cea de-}\par\par
d\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a doua sesiune par
lamentar\uc1\u259X a anului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1995; }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {n urma unei }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {grave defec\uc1\u355Xiuni n rela\uc1\u355Xiile PDSR-PRM
, soldat\uc1\u259X cu anularea }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Acordului semnat la nceputul aceluiasi an, a a
vut loc o }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
stindere a rela\uc1\u355Xiilor PDSR cu unele partide din opozi\uc1\u355Xie, n }\p
ar\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {privin\uc1\u355Xa
unor proiecte de legi, PDSR si PNT-CD au cooperat, }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdistan\uc1\u355Xa ideologic\uc
1\u259X" dintre ele p\uc1\u259Xrnd s\uc1\u259X se micsoreze. }\par\pa
rd\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apropieri asem\uc1\u259
Xn\uc1\u259Xtoare au fost cele dintre }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR - PAC PDAR }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- PD }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN. Ilustrativ n acest sens este faptul
c\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sesiunea }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentului din toamna anului 1995 }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost prima n care opozi\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li273
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a mai naintat o mo\uc1\u355Xi
une de cenzur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Faptul c\uc1\u259X opozi\uc1\u355Xia a renun\uc1\u355Xat la ac\uc1\u355
Xiuni de strad\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {favoarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezbaterilor de idei exp
rima \uc1\u8222Xrodajul parlamentar", }\par\pard\li2733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constientizarea faptului}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-213\
{184}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X, ntr-o
democra\uc1\u355Xie, puterea si opozi\uc1\u355Xia trebuia s\uc1\u259
X }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gndeasc\uc1\u2
59X un }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,jriodits vivendr.}\i0 \par\pard\li2333\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In perioada 1992-1996, n cmpul part
idist romnesc s-au petrecut }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {anumite muta\uc1\u355Xii, care aveau s\uc1\u259X influen\u
c1\u355Xeze considerabil }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {confruntarea electoral\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1996. n prim-plan }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a aflat }\par\pard\li1786

\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scindarea repetat\uc1\u259X
a PNL; sub conducerea lui Radu }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cmpeanu, acest partid a f\uc1\u259Xcut dou\uc1\u259X gre
seli }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fundamentale - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
}\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xr\uc
1\u259Xsit CD (aprilie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992) }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {si 1-a propus pentru func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li178
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte al Romniei pe regele
Mihai I (iulie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992) - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {fiind }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sanc\
uc1\u355Xionat la urne de electorat, practic nemaintrunind }\par\pard
\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul necesar
de voturi n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie 1992 pentru a intr
a n }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlament.
Dac\uc1\u259X, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990, PNL era }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {principalul partid de }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xie, dup\uc1\u259X doi ani el a cunos
cut o c\uc1\u259Xdere vertiginoas\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cei mai mul\uc1\u355Xi liberali l considerau vinova
t de aceast\uc1\u259X stare de }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {fapt chiar pe Radu Cmpeanu, dar acesta refuza s\uc1\u259X-si asum
e }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xsp
underea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esecului, n februarie 1993, a avut loc C
ongresul PNL, }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
care 1-a ales n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte al p
artidului pe Mircea }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {lonescu-Quintus, iar n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 1993, }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Delega\uc1\u355Xia Permanent\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1786\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a PNL a decis excluderea lui Radu
Cmpeanu din partid, n }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {replic\uc1\u259X, n februarie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1994, }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cmpeanu a ini\uc1\u355Xiat un Congres }\par\pard\
li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extraordinar al PNL (reuni
ndu-i pe adep\uc1\u355Xii s\uc1\u259Xi), fiind la rndul }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259Xu ales n func\uc1\u355Xia
de presedinte al partidului. A urmat o }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lung\uc1\u259X confruntare ntre grup\uc1\
u259Xrile Quintus si Cmpeanu, n }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu denumirea forma\uc1\u
355Xiunii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poli}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tice,
transat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {justi\uc1\u355Xie: partidul condus de Mircea lonescu-Quintus si p\uc1\u2
59Xstra }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numele
de Partidul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National-Liberal, }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {iar cel al rivalului s\uc1\u259Xu se }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nscria sub numele de Partidul Na\uc1\u355
Xional Liberal }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Cmpeanu }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(PNL-C). In decembrie 1994, PNL a f
ost primit n CDR, integrndu-se }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {astfel n marea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coali\uc1\u355Xie a opo
zi\uc1\u355Xiei, n cadrul c\uc1\u259Xreia s-a manifestat }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca o for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X politic\uc
1\u259X minor\uc1\u259X, acceptnd toate ini\uc1\u355Xiativele noului }\par\pard\l
i1786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xsef de linie" }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PN\uc1\u354X-CD.}\par\
pard\li2293\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 26 mai 1993, }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-Liberal-Aripa Tn\uc1\u
259Xr\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{(creat n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iulie 1990) si-a luat numele de Partidul L
iberal-1993 (PL '93). }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal

ex100 {Dar si sub }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noua formul\uc1\u259X ac
est partid a fost m\uc1\u259Xcinat de }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contradic\uc1\u355Xii, datorate mai ales
ambi\uc1\u355Xiilor politice ale }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conduc\uc1\u259Xtorilor s\uc1\u259Xi; unii dintre acesti
a au intrat n organiza\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {liberal\uc1\u259X din CDR, astfel c\uc1\u259X,}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 { n octombrie 1994, acest partid a }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc
1\u259Xmas }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc
1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X grup parlamentar, n perioada }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {199
4-1996, n PL '93 s-au }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {nregistrat noi sciziuni, care au sl\uc1\u259Xbit si mai mult polul liber
al.}\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Numeroase co
nvulsii a cunoscut si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Alian\uc1\u355Xei
Civice }\b0 \par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(PA
C), generate mai ales de atitudinea fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de CDR. Nicolae }\par
\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Manolescu, primul
presedinte al Conven\uc1\u355Xiei, nu fusese }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinut n cursa pentru P
resedin\uc1\u355Xia Romniei, lui fiindu-i }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preferat Emil Constantinescu, si de aceea refuza
ca,}\par\pard\li7733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {185}\par\pa
\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {postelectoral, partidul s\uc1\u2
59Xu s\uc1\u259X se ralieze pozi\uc1\u355Xiilor forumului }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comun al opozi\uc1\u355Xiei, n consec
in\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, membrii PAC au intrat n }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mod individual n partide care f\uc1\u259Xceau pa
rte din CDR, astfel }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {c\uc1\u259X, n iunie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1993, }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {PAC a r\uc1\u259Xmas f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X grup parlame
ntar n }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Camera
Deputa\uc1\u355Xilo}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r, n iulie 1996, PAC si PL '93 au
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheiat un }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acord, constituind Alian\uc1\u355Xa Na\uc1\u355Xional-L
iberal\uc1\u259X (ANL), o coali\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de conjunctur\uc1\u259X, n vederea alegerilo
r parlamentare si }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xiale, ce urmau s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X loc peste ct
eva luni, dar }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
rezentat\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { de fondatorii ei drept un pol l
iberal care echilibra esicherul }\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {politic.}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Si FSN a traversat o perioad\uc1\u259X dificil\uc1\u259X, fiind n c\uc1
\u259Xutarea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un
ei identit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, diferit\uc1\u259X att de cea a Frontului Democr
at al }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Salv\uc1\
u259Xrii Na\uc1\u355Xionale (FDSN), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenit,
ncepnd cu iulie 1993, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {Par}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tidul Democra\uc1\u355Xiei So
ciale din }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {(PDSR), ct si }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de cea a CDR. O preocupare de baz\uc1\u259X a lui Petre Roman a fost }\par\p
ard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceea de a schim
ba denumirea partidului s\uc1\u259Xu, pe care }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xia l }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {acuzase n 1990-1992, de neocomunism (sloganul era }\par\par
d\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XFSN=PCR"). De

aceea, n mai 1993, FSN a fuzionat cu un partid minuscul, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Democrat, lundu-si numele
de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Democrat }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {FSN. }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Treptat, s-a renun\uc1\u355Xat la }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {partea a doua a denumirii, intitulndu-se doar }\par\pard\li2986\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Democrat (PD). Un alt}{
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obiectiv urm\uc1\u259Xrit de liderul na\uc1\u355Xio
nal }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al}\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { partidului a fost aderarea la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {fnterna\uc1\u355Xionala Socialist\uc1\u259X; pentru }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a-si facilita daimul spre acest for, P
D a ncheiat un acord de }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {colaborare cu PSDR, care stabilise deja rela\uc1\u355Xii c
u }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceasta. }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, n aprilie 1995, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
s-a constituit Uniunea Social-Democrat\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(US}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D), n veder
ea prezent\uc1\u259Xrii celor dou\uc1\u259X partide pe liste }\par\p
ard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comune n alegerile }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {locale si generale, n septembrie 1996, n cadrul }\par\
pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unei ceremonii, care
a avut loc la sediul ONU din New York, PD si PSDR }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au fost integrate n }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {fnterna\uc1\u355Xionala Socialist\uc1\u259X, n ntreaga }\par\pard\
li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioad\uc1\u259X 1}\fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {992-1996, PD s-a dovedit a fi }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {un partid parlamentar }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {extrem de dinamic, contestnd n permanen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
activitatea }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exe
cutivului, inclusiv prin ini\uc1\u355Xierea unor mo\uc1\u355Xiuni de cenzur\uc1\
u259X. }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dispunnd
de cadre tinere, active, PD a reusit s\uc1\u259X-si schimbe }\par\pard\li2986\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imagin}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ea, reco-mandndu-se ca un \uc1\u8222Xpartid social-democrat }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {modern", }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {hot\uc1\u259Xrt \uc1\u8222Xs\uc1\u259X fac\uc1\u259X reforma", deschi
s la colabor\uc1\u259Xri ct mai largi, }\par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv cu fostii s\uc1\u259Xi adversari politici.}\par\
pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n cadrul CDR, al c
\uc1\u259Xrei presedinte era, din noiembrie }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992, Emil Constantinescu, desi au}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { existat fric\uc1\u355Xiuni, generate de }\par\par
d\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele mai multe ori
de ambi\uc1\u355Xii personale, a primat }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {solidaritatea de interese, n august
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1994 s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hot\uc1\u2
59Xrt }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ierarhizar
ea partidelor componente n func\uc1\u355Xie de }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentarea n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {teritoriu si desemnarea drept candidat unic la }\par\pard\li
2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presed}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {in\uc1\u355Xia \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii a conduc\uc1\u259Xtorului a
lian\uc1\u355Xei; acest act nu a }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost semnat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de PSDR, PL '
93 si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PAC, forma\uc1\u355Xiuni care au p\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259Xsit }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C
DR (n februarie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1995, respectiv, martie 186}\par\par
ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1995). Partidul-forte }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {al coali\uc1\u355Xiei era PN\uc1\u354X-CD, care a beneficiat }
\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {100 locuri eligibile pe listele electorale (55,5% }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din total), }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conform n\uc1\u355Xelegerii }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{din august 1996.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Platforma politic\uc1\u259X a Conven\uc1\u355Xiei, intitulat\uc1\u259X }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222XContractul cu }\b0 \par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia" }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{si prezentat\uc1\u259X n noiembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1995, }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuprindea, n }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, promisiunea ca n termen de }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {200 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de zile de la data
}\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prelu\uc1\u259X
rii puterii, CDR avea s\uc1\u259X impun\uc1\u259X adoptarea unui set }\par\pard
\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de legi care s\uc1\u259X
amelioreze sim\uc1\u355Xitor via\uc1\u355Xa romnilor, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {special }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ti
nerilor si a pensionarilor.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Coaliz\uc1\u259Xrile n scopuri electorale au cunoscut o }
\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dinamic\uc1\u259
X pregnant\uc1\u259X. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, n aprilie 1996, USD si
PAC au ncheiat }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
un protocol de colaborare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n alegerile loc
ale, semnatarii }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {declarnd c\uc1\u259X au f\uc1\u259Xcut un prim pas pentru ca
for\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{politice de opozi\uc1\u355Xie s\uc1\u259X asigure, prin colaborare
, o }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campanie
electoral\uc1\u259X civilizat\uc1\u259X, desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea corect\uc1
\u259X a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vot\
uc1\u259Xrii}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { si victoria listelor proprii n alegeri.
}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Scrutinul l
ocal }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din iunie 1996 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {a fost o repeti\uc1\u355Xie general\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru cel parlamentar si prez
iden\uc1\u355Xial. La aceste prime }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegeri, au depus candidaturi }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {150 de partide; n marile orase s-a }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat cea mai mare concuren}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru posturile de prim
ari: 47 n }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucu
resti, 24 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Constan\uc1\u355Xa, }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {22 n Cluj, 18 n Arad, 15 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Iasi. La }
\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nivelul ntregii
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri, pentru cele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.954
posturi de primari au }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {candidat 18.415 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {persoane, ceea ce de
monstra existen\uc1\u355Xa unui }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xmiraj" al ocup\uc1\u259Xrii unei pozi\uc1\u355Xii in
fluente, ne\uc1\u355Xinndu-se seama }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de faptul c\uc1\u259X n alegerile locale urmau s\uc1\u259X f
ie desemna\uc1\u355Xi n }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {primul rnd bunii gospodari, persoanele capabile s\uc1\u259X }\
par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gestioneze n m
od responsabil problemele comunitare. }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Att prezen\uc1\u355Xa electoratului la urne
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(56,47%), ct si rezultatele }\par\pard\li1880\r

i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrate (PDSR-21,90%, urmat
ndeaproape de CDR - 17,11%) }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {demonstrau dezam\uc1\u259Xgirea general\uc1\u259X a
popula\uc1\u355Xiei fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezultatele ob\uc1\u355Xinute n administrare
a oraselor si satelor de }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre cei alesi n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992.}\par\pard
\li2400\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X alegerile l
ocale au urmat noi regrup\uc1\u259Xri politice. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, n iulie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {199
6, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDAR, Partidul Unit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Romne (
PUR) si }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {MER au
pus bazele }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunii Na\uc1\u355Xionale de Centru (UN
C), alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {care avea s\uc1\u259X ncheie n luna august cu ANL
un Pact de }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{responsabilitate politic\uc1\u259X; cele dou\uc1\u259X alian\uc1\u355Xe se an
gajau s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {nu-si aduc\uc1\u259X acuza\uc1\u355Xii reciproce n timpul campanie
i }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electorale,
iar dup\uc1\u259X alegeri s\uc1\u259X ncheie un nou acord, n }\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vederea eventualei g
uvern\uc1\u259Xrii. In septembrie }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1996, }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {USD si }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ANL au semnat o n\uc1\u355Xelegere prin care si acordau reciproc }\p
ar\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statutul de \u
c1\u8222Xpartener preferat", invitnd totodat\uc1\u259X si alte }\par\pa
rd\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {forma\uc1\u355Xiuni pol
itice de opozi\uc1\u355Xie s\uc1\u259X se asocieze pactului lor de }\par\pard\li
1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colaborare.}\par\pard\li7866
arscalex100 {187}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage















\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Campania electoral\u
c1\u259X pentru alegerile parlamentare si }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xiale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
din noiembrie 1996 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat
pe fondul }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nem
ul\uc1\u355Xumirii generale a electoratului fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de
politica }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8222Xregimului Iliescu" si al dorin\uc1\u355Xei ntr-o \uc1\u8222Xschi
mbare" a }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {real
it\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor cotidiene. Tot mai mul\uc1\u355Xi romni constatau c\uc
1\u259X, la }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sas
e ani de la nl\uc1\u259Xturarea \uc1\u8222Xregimului comunist", o duceau }\par\pa
rd\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai prost dect n }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1989 (an devenit etalon n toa}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {te

statisticile), c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {economia se afl\uc1\u259X doar la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {60-6
5% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din nivelul aceluiasi an si c\uc1\u259X }\par\pa
rd\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {infla\uc1\u355Xia cresc
use cu aproape }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100%. PDSR }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {era prezentat de }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {opozi\uc1\u355Xie ca un partid al corup\uc1\u355Xilor,
al demagogilor si al }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {cinicilor. CDR si-a concentrat campania electoral\uc1\u259
X pe }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {veh}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {icularea unor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promisiuni a
tr\uc1\u259Xg\uc1\u259Xtoare, n primul rnd c\uc1\u259X va }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realiza o \uc1\u8222Xschimbare" n
bine a modului de via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X al }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor si c\uc1\
u259X}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- bucurndu-se de sprijinul Occidentului - }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {va integra }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rapid Romnia n Uniunea European\uc1\u259X si n NATO.}\par\pa
rd\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {La alegerile parlamen
tare }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {prezide
n\uc1\u355Xiale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 3 noiembrie }\par\pard\li2
960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1996 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {s-a nregistrat o rat\uc1\u259X de participare real\uc1\u259X de peste }\p
ar\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {71%, iar ponder
ea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sufragiilor utile n ansamblul acesteia
a }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost mai
ridicat\uc1\u259X comparativ cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1992, respec
tiv de 57%. }\par\pard\li2960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Rezultatele au fost urm\uc1\u259Xtoare:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240
\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw4293\colsr-0\colno2\colw20
00\colsr-0\colno3\colw5146\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b \i {Forma\uc1\u355Xiun}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li2986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {ea politic\uc1\u259X}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {CDR}\b0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PDSR}\b0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {USD}\b0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {UDMR}\b0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {PRM}\b0 \par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\b {PUNR}\b0 \par\column\pard\li386\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b \i {Procentaj }\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b \i {Camera }\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor}\b0 \i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {30,17%}\b0 \par\pard\li1106\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{21,52%}\b0 \par\pard\li1120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {12
,93%}\b0 \par\pard\li1186\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6,64
%}\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4, 46 %}
\b0 \par\pard\li1146\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4, 36 %}\b
0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Proce
ntaj }\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {
Senat}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3
0,7 %}\b0 \par\pard\li360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {23,08
%}\b0 \par\pard\li386\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {13,16%}\
b0 \par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6,82 %}\b0 \
par\pard\li440\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4,54 %}\b0 \par\
pard\li453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4,42 %}\b0 \par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3453\
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru func\uc1\u355Xia de presed
inte al Romniei au candidat }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {16 persoane }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(mai mult dect dublul cand
ida\uc1\u355Xilor ce fuseser\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2

2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistra\uc1\u355Xi la precedentele }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {alegeri), dar principala confruntare s-a }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dat ntre Ion Iliescu (PDSR) si Emil }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantinescu (CDR). Lupta a }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost foarte strns\uc1\u259X n primul tur de scr
utin, acestia ob\uc1\u355Xinnd }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {32,25%, respectiv 28,21% din totalul voturilor valabil
exprimate, n }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {v
ederea turului al doilea al alegerilor, la 5 noiembrie 1996, }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Emil }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Constantinescu si Petre Roman (care candidase la }\p
ar\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Presedin\uc1\u355X
ie, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {clas}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndu-se pe
locul al treilea) au semnat }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Acordul de colaborare electoral\uc1\u259X, parlamen
tar\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {guvernamental\uc1\u259X ntre CDR si USD, care avea ca obiective: }\par\pard\l
i2920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xnl\uc1\u259Xturar
ea total\uc1\u259X a regimului Iliescu si a consecin\uc1\u355Xelor
}\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia din
via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X, economic\uc1\u259X si social\uc1\u25
9X a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii. }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Trecerea efectiv\uc1\u259X la realizarea unor autent
ice structuri }\par\pard\li2920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{democratice ale statului si la aplicarea m\uc1\u259Xsurilor}\par\pard\li2946\ri
0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {188}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1224
\charscalex100 {ndreptate spre scurtarea tranzi\uc1\u355Xiei spre economia de pia
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xii esen\uc1\u355Xiale }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pent
ru integrarea n structurile euroatlantice a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei", luarea unor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u8222Xm\uc1\u259Xsuri de urgen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, care, n cadrul u
nei }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioade
de sase luni, s\uc1\u259X pun\uc1\u259X cap\uc1\u259Xt degrad\uc1\u25
9Xrii vie\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conomico-sociale" etc. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Emil Constant
inescu }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost sprijinit si de }\par\par
d\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {UDMR, ANL, PUNR, PSM, P
S, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Asocia\uc1\u355Xia Chiriasilor din Casele }\pa
r\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xionaliz
ate, Liga Studen\uc1\u355Xilor, principalele centrale }\par\pard\li2080\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sindicale, astfel }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {nct la 17 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie a ob\uc1
\u355Xinut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {54,41% din }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {voturi, devenind presedintele Romniei.}\par
\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In urma alegerilor d
in noiembrie 1996, esicherul politic romnesc s-a }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {simplificat, n parlament fiind r}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {eprezentate doar sase forma\uc1\u355Xiuni }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politice. Majoritatea relativ\uc1\u25
9X a mandatelor din ambele }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Camere a fost cstigat\uc1\u259X de CDR, astfel
c\uc1\u259X, formal, }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {democra\uc1\u355Xia romneasc\uc1\u259X a trecut \uc1\u8222Xtestul dublei
r\uc1\u259Xsturn\uc1\u259Xri", }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {care, potrivit analistilor politici, calific\uc1\u259X o \uc1\u3

55Xar\uc1\u259X din p}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unct de vedere }\par\pard\li20
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratic. Romnia a probat c\u
c1\u259X a putut avea alegeri libere }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si corecte, chiar n condi\uc1\u355Xiile n care cstig\uc1\u259
Xtorul nu a coincis }\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cu organizatorul acestora.}\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {De\uc1\u355Xinnd o majoritate relativ\uc1\u259X n parlam
ent, CDR a }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
f\uc1\u259Xcut apel la alte dou\uc1\u259X for\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {e politice - USD si UDMR - pentru a }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putea forma noul guvern. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Misiunea a fost nlesnit\uc1\u259X de faptul c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2066\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestea colaboraser\uc1\u259X n timpu
l campaniei electorale, mai }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ales n perioada dintre cele dou\uc1\u259X tururi ale
alegerilor }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prez
iden\uc1\u355Xiale. Astfel, la }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 decembrie
1996, parlamentul a }\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {nvestit cabinetul de coali\uc1\u355Xie condus de Victor Ciorbea; }\par\pa
rd\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conform }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {algoritmului }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilit, CDR de
\uc1\u355Xinea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {61% din portofolii, }\par\pard\li2
066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {USD -26%, iar UDMR-l 3%.}\par
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u259X ali
an\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X partizan\uc1\u259X, caracterizat\uc1\u259X de unii analis
ti }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politici c
a fiind }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
potriva naturii" (ntruct membrii s\uc1\u259Xi }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezentau orient\uc1\u259Xri doctrina
re diferite), avea s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdefecteze" n repetate rnduri. Guvernu
l format n }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
ecembrie 1996 - la fel ca si cel format n noiembrie 1992 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era o }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {coali\uc1\u355Xie restrns\uc1\u259X, bazndu-se pe un supor}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t electoral extrem }\par\pard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de fragil si pe o }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {majoritate parlamentar\uc1\u259X datorat\uc1\u259X exclusiv }\par\p
ard\li2053\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modului de scrutin pro
por\uc1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {In fruntea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PDSR }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {a revenit Ion Iliescu. Izolat si minimalizat pe scena }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic\uc1\u259X, n urma nfrngerii n ale
gerile preziden\uc1\u355Xiale, Iliescu }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ncepu}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t o }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {ampl\uc1\u259X si tenace ac\uc1\u355Xiune pentru refacerea din
}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {temelie a
PDSR. El si-a luat ca principal colaborator pe }\par\pard\li2040\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adrian N\uc1\u259Xstase. Aflat n opo
zi\uc1\u355Xie, PDSR a traversat o perioad\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de puternice crize interne. La Conferin\uc
1\u355Xa Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X din iulie }\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1997 s-a produs o sciziune, prin desprinderea un
ui grup de 12 }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deputa\uc1\u355Xi si }\par\pard\li204
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doi senatori }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {alesi pe listele PDSR, condusi de Teodor Melescanu, fost }\par\pard\l
i2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministru de externe, care a
format un nou partid - }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alian\uc1\u355Xa pentru }
\b0 \par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Romnia }\b0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(APR).}\par\pard\li8040\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf

0\f0\charscalex100 {189}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\cols2\colno1\colw2666\colsr-0\colno
2\colw8773\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-213\s
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceasta a d
eclansat o amp}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l\uc1\u259X campanie mpotriva
PDSR, }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spernd c\u
c1\u259X va }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cstiga electoratul acestuia.}\par\pard\l
i520\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n martie 1998, n cadrul unui C
ongres Extraordinar, PAC a fuzionat }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {cu PNL, fiind absorbit de acesta. Guvernarea CDR-USD-UDMR a fo
st }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic marcat
a de repetate crize interne. In urma unui conflict cu ministri }\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PD, primul-ministru Victor Ci
orbea a fost nevoit s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {demisioneze. El a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsit PN\uc1\u3
54X-CD si a constituit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alian\uc1\u355Xa }\b0 \pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc
1\u259X Crestin Democrat\uc1\u259X. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PD a
devenit membru cu }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {drepturi depline }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Interna\uc1\u355Xionalei
Socialiste (din }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie 1999) }\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si membru asociat al Partidului Socia
listilor Europeni (din}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {martie 1999). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dar pozi\uc1\u355Xiile lui Petre
Roman erau subminate }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
lsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
e gruparea}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw2653\colsr-0\colno2\colw8786\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B\uc1\u259Xsescu din Partidul Democrat.}\par\pard\li533\
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Evolu\uc1\u355Xii politice n anii }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2000-2005}\
b0 \par\pard\li533\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR nu a mai p
rezentat bilan\uc1\u355Xul dup\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {200 de z
ile asa }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cum se }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajase. Guvernarea CDR-USD-UDMR a dezam\uc1\u259Xgi
t }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355
Xia, care sperase ntr-o \uc1\u8222Xschimbare n bine". Practic, }\par\pard\li13\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {situa\uc1\u355Xia economic\uc1\u2
59X s-a deteriorat considerabil, somajul a }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crescut, nivelul de trai a sc\uc1\u259X}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zut vertiginos. Romnia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a
fost }\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primit\uc1\
u259X n NATO, iar sansele de aderare la Uniunea }\par\pard\li13\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {European\uc1\u259X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {erau minime.}\par\pard\li520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Atitudinea cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor a iesit puternic n eviden\uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {prilejul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {alegerilor locale }\b0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {din iunie 2000. Ele s-au caracterizat prin }\par\par

d\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {absenteism, }\i0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {n majoritatea oraselor mari fiind nevoie de un al doilea tur
de }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrutin pentru
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desemnarea noilor primari. Scorurile ob\uc1\u355Xi
nute }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aceste alege
ri au fost: }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR - 36,74%, PD - 12,89%, CDR -' }\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10,10%, PNL - 8,40%,
ApR -8,29%, UDMR - 4,29%, PRM - 2,80%. }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n privin\uc1\u355X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a votu
rilor pentru }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consiliile locale si jude\uc1\u355Xene
, pragul }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral
de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5%, introdus pentru prima }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {dat\uc1\u259X, a dus la micsorarea }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrului de partide care au ob\uc1\
u355Xinut astfel de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posturi, }\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comparativ cu alegerile din 1996. C
el mai bun rezultat a fost }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de PDSR,}\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 { cu 28,65% din totalul mandatelor pentru consiliile locale si }\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28,87% }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {din mandate pentru consiliile jude\uc1\u355Xene; pe
locul }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secund sa clasat }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PD cu 13,75%, respectiv 11,93%; l
ocul trei a }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re
venit ApR cu 11,20%, respectiv 10,07%; n continuare, s-au plasat PNL }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu 10,02% si 9,31%; }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {CDR a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,97%, re
spectiv 9,08%; a urmat }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {PRM, cu 5,30% si 8,32%; UDMR - 6,17% si 7,86%. n al doilea tur al }\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerilor locale,
participarea }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut redus\uc1\u
259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(46,93% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u35
5Xenii cu drept de vot), iar rezultatele ob\uc1\u355Xinute au fost }\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comparabile cu cele din
prima rund\uc1\u259X electoral\uc1\u259X. Pentru }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prima dat\uc1\u259X din }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1990, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR a pierdut n \uc1
\u8222Xfieful" s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {tradi\uc1\u355Xional, Bucuresti. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {190}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\
0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru Prim\uc1\u259Xria Genera
l\uc1\u259X a cstigat Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu, }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vicepresedintele PD (care a ob\uc
1\u355Xinut }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {50,69% }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d
in voturi), iar }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cele sase prim\uc1\u259Xrii de sector au fost \uc1\u8222Xadju
decate" de }\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re
prezentan\uc1\u355Xii PDSR.}\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {n iunie 2000, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prin Ordonan\uc1\u35
5X\uc1\u259X de Urgen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, guvernul }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Is\uc1\u259Xrescu }\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- de comun acord cu CDR-USD-UDMR - a stabilit pragul }
\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral pent
ru alegerile parlamentare la 5% pentru}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { part
ide, iar }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pent
ru alian\uc1\u355Xele politice, acestui plafon urma s\uc1\u259X i se adauge }\pa

r\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru al doile
a partid nc\uc1\u259X trei procente, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar
pentru fiecare }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{membru, ncepnd cu cel de-al treilea, cte un procent din voturile valabil }\par\p
ard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {experimentate.}\par\pa
rd\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constatnd c\uc1\u259X}\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { sondajele de opinie i erau cu totul defavorabile, }\pa
r\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 2000, }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele Emil Constantinescu si-a f\uc1\u2
59Xcut }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut
\uc1\u259X decizia de a nu mai candida pentru un nou }\par\par
d\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mandat. Aceast\uc1\u25
9X hot\uc1\u259Xrre a produs o derut\uc1\u259X profund\uc1\u259X n }
\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR, care s-a v\
uc1\u259Xzut lipsit\uc1\u259X de liderul s\uc1\u259Xu politic.}\par\pard\li2506\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n a doua jum\uc1\u259Xtate
a anului }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000 }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a
u petrecut }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re
grup\uc1\u259Xri de for\uc1\u355Xe n vederea particip\uc1\u259Xrii la
alegerile }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {par
lamentare si preziden\uc1\u355Xiale din noiembrie. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Astfel, n august }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {2000, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderii PN\uc1\u354X-CD, UFD
si FER au semnat protocolul de }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {constituire a unei noi alian\uc1\u355Xe po
litice de centru-dreapta, }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {denumit\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Conven\uc1\u355
Xia Democrat\uc1\u259X Romn\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {200
0 }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(CDR-}\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000), n scopul prezent\uc1\u259Xrii de liste
comune la alegerile }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {parlamentare si sus\uc1\u355Xinerii unui candidat unic la presedin\uc
1\u355Xie, }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n a
ceast\uc1\u259X nou\uc1\u259X forma\uc1\u355Xiune s-au nscris si Alia
n\uc1\u355Xa Crestin }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Democrat\uc1\u259X (ANCD), precum si Partidul Moldovenilor.}\par\pard\li
2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alian\uc1\u355Xele politice
nu mai au ecoul scontat n rndul }\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {electoratului.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {CDR-2000, puternic erodat\uc1\u259X n urma celor }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 ani de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {guvernare, si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierduse credi
bilitatea datorit\uc1\u259X implic\uc1\u259Xrii unora }\par\pard\li1960\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre membrii s\uc1\u259Xi n diferi
tele \uc1\u8222Xafaceri", care \uc1\u355Xinuser\uc1\u259X prima }\par\pard\li196
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pagin\uc1\u259X a ziarelor,
precum si rezultatelor extrem de slabe }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinute n redresarea economie
i. Sondajele de opinie }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {efectuate n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada septembrie-noiem
brie 2000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ar\uc1\u259Xtau o inten\uc1\u355Xie }\p
ar\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de vot a ele
ctoratului de 8% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru CDR-2000, iar proc
entajul }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celor
care credeau c\uc1\u259X lucairile n Romnia mergeau ntr-o }\par\pard\
li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {direc\uc1\u355Xie gresit\u
c1\u259X era de aproximativ}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {56%.}\par\pard\li2480
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte,
n septembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000, s-a constituit }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {Polul }\b0 \par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\

f0\charscalex100\b {Democrat-Social din Romnia, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {alc\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tuit din PDSR si Partidul Umanist
}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia,
care au decis participarea pe liste comune la alegerile }\par\pa
rd\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare, }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si sus\uc1\u355Xinerea lui Ion lliescu, candidatul }
\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR, n cursa pen
tru }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cotroceni.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o scrisoare deschis\uc1\u259X din }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {14 noiembrie 2000, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de u
n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xr important de intelectuali,
se solicita }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n
ceperea de \uc1\u8222Xnegocieri urgente" ntre candida\uc1\u355Xii la }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u35
5Xie reprezentnd \uc1\u8222Xspectrul democratic" (Frunda}\par\pard\li7920\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {191}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage















\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gyrgy - UDMR, }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mugur Is\uc1\u259Xrescu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {independent, sus\uc1\u355Xinut de }\par\pard\li26
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {2000, Petre Roman - PD, Theodor Stolojan - PNL), pentru ca, prin }\par\pard\l
i2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eventuala }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {renun\uc1\u355Xare a trei dintre ei, nainte de primul tur de }\par\p
ard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scrutin, s\uc1\u259X p
oat\uc1\u259X fi opus reprezentantului PDSR un singur }\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {candidat, puternic. Aceast\uc1\u259X
ini\uc1\u355Xiativ\uc1\u259X nu a avut urm\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li26
80\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {practice, ceea ce demons
tra c\uc1\u259X opozi\uc1\u355Xia si cei care se }\par\pard\li2680\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autoproclamaser\uc1\u259X expone
n\uc1\u355Xi ai \uc1\u8222Xsociet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii civile" erau }\p
ar\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {departe de n\uc1\u3
55Xelegerea realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor din Romnia. In fapt, ei }\par\pard\li2
680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tr\uc1\u259Xiau ntr-o lume
paralel\uc1\u259X cu cea concret\uc1\u259X, pe care }\par\pard\li268
0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pretindeau, totusi, c\uc1\u259X
o reprezint\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {La alegerile parlamentare din 26 noiembrie 2000 au participat 34 }\
par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partide politice.
Prezen\uc1\u355Xa la vot a electoratului a fost relativ }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bun\uc1\u259X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {(65,31%). }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru prima oar\uc1\u259X, romnii a
u votat pe baza }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{c\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xilor de aleg\uc1\u259Xtor, constituite dup\uc1\u259X m
odelul c\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xilor de }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f

s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {identitate. Tot n premier\uc1\u259X, imediat dup\uc1\u2
59X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nchiderea urnelor la }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ora 21, institutele de sondare a opiniei
publice au dat primele rezultate }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {estimative, care au fost confirmate, n cea mai
mare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X, de }\par\pard\l
i2666\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezultatele oficiale finale
. Acestea au fost:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw7453\colsr-0\colno2\colw3986\pard\li2986\ri0\sl
-373\slmult0 \*\tx5346\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Forma\uc1\u355Xiunea politic
\uc1\u259X}\i0 \tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procentaj Camera }\i0 \par\par
d\li5346\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor}\
i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Procent
aj }\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Senat}\i0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\co
ls3\colno1\colw6413\colsr-0\colno2\colw1426\colsr-0\colno3\colw3600\pard\li2706\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PRM}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PD}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {UDMR}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
CDR - 2000}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ApR}\
par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {36,61%}\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19,48%}\par\pard\li120\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,03%}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,80%}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,04%}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {4,07%}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {37,09%}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21,0
1%}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,58%}\par\par
d\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7,48%}\par\pard\li106\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5,29%}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4,27%}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\p
ghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3186\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Asadar, n parlament au intrat doar cinci partide }\pa
r\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13 la nceputul legislaturii 1996-2000 si de
15 la sfrsitul ei, }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {lund n calcul diferitele sciziuni); CDR- 2000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
pierdut nu numai }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {pozi\uc1\u355Xia ob\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259X anterior, ci si calitate
a de membru al }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {forului legislativ. Ascensiunea puternic\uc1\u259X a PRM a constituit }\pa
r\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marea surpriz\uc1\u
259X a alegerilor. Acest partid, care a devenit a }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doua for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259
X a Romniei, a fost perceput de electorat }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca un partid al \uc1\u8222Xincoruptibililor", n timp ce
adversarii s\uc1\u259Xi nu }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {au ezitat s\uc1\u259X-1 caracterizeze ca }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {fiind un partid \uc1\u8222Xextr}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {em
ist", }\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u822
2Xfascist", \uc1\u8222Xna\uc1\u355Xionalist", }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8222Xantioccidental".}\par\pard\li3173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Ca urmare a alegerilor s-a produs o nou\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xsturnare, n }
\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tradi\uc1\u355Xi
a votului negativ: drastica depreciere a popularit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\
pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CDR, care, din for\uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259X politic\uc1\u259X de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt, a fost exclus\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si din p
arlament. Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, s-a nregistrat }\par\pard\li2653

\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {repropulsarea PDSR pe locu
l nti n preferin\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {electoratului; n acelasi timp, nencrederea si dezam\uc1\u259Xgir
ea }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X de clasa politic\uc1\u259X postdecembrist\uc1\u259X }\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au materializat n }\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordarea de voturi n favoarea PRM.}\par\pard\li2680
\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {192}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn1
\f0\charscalex100 {La p}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rimul tur al alegerilor prez
iden\uc1\u355Xiale, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26 noiembrie, au }\par\pard
\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participat }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {doisprezece candida\uc1\u355Xi, n al doilea tur de scrutin s-au }\
par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcalifi
cat" Ion Iliescu, presedintele PDSR, cu }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {36,35%, }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si Comeliu }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V\uc1\u259Xdim Tudor, presedintele PRM, }\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {cu 28,34% }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din op\uc1\u355Xiun
ile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aleg\uc1\u2
59X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {torilor. Candidatul PNL, Theodor Stolojan, a fo
st votat de 11,78% }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {dintre electori (ob\uc1\u355Xinnd, asadar, mai multe sufragii dect
}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidul care
1-a sus\uc1\u355Xinut); premierul n exerci\uc1\u355Xiu. Mugur }\par\
pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Isrescu }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {- care }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a candidat ca independent, su
s\uc1\u355Xinut de CDR }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- a }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntamit 9,53% din voturi, }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {clasndu-se astfel pe locul patru. }\par\pard\li1973\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Scoruri surprinz\uc1\u259Xtor de mi
ci au ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {liderul PD, Petre Roman }\p
ar\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(2,98%), si Teodor
Melescanu (1.89%).}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Duelul ntre cei doi preziden\uc1\u355Xiabili }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ion Iliescu si }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Corneliu V\uc1\u259Xdim }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Tudor - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut ca miz\uc1
\u259X democra\uc1\u355Xia si }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {integrarea european\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{versus }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autoritarism, na\uc1\u355Xionalism. }\p
ar\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comeliu V\uc1\u2
59Xdim Tudor a fost supus unui veritabil \uc1\u8222Xbaraj }\par\par
d\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mediatic", n timp ce Ion
Iliescu a fost sus\uc1\u355Xinut nu numai de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR. ci si \uc1\u8222Xopozi\uc1\u355Xia democrati
c\uc1\u259X" intrat\uc1\u259X n parlament (PNL, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PD si UDMR), de}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
eprezentan\uc1\u355Xii societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii civile (de men\uc1\u355Xiona
t }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apelul ini\uc
1\u355Xiat de Grupul pentru Dialog Social }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8
222XVota\uc1\u355Xi mpotriva }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {dictaturii!}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { ), }\i0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {viznd mobilizarea ntregului electorat democratic pentru a }\
par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participa la al d
oilea tur de scrutin al }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerilor preziden\uc1\u3
55Xiale si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vota masiv mpotriva candidatului PRM, care }\fs20\c

f0\f0\charscalex100\i {.prin agresivitatea si }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {extremismul s\uc1\u259Xu iresponsab
il, reprezint\uc1\u259X cea mai grav\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {amenin\uc1\u355Xare din ultimul
deceniu la adresa libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor }\i0 \par\pard\li1933\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {individuale si a institu\
uc1\u355Xiilor democratice", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respectiv mpot
riva }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extremi}\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {smului si a dictaturii, pentru democra\uc1\u355Xie, to
leran\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Europa. Dup\uc1\u259X ce timp de zece ani \uc1\u8222
Xcivistii" luptaser\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {mpotriva \uc1\u8222Xcomunistului" Ion Iliescu, acum }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {- n noiembrie 2000 }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se vedeau nevoi\uc1\u355Xi
s\uc1\u259X pledeze n favoarea acestuia.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cel de-al doilea tur al alegeri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {lor preziden\uc1\u355Xiale a avut loc la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 }\p
ar\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 2000, }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participarea fiind mai redus\uc1\u259X dect n noiembrie
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(57,50%); Ion
Iliescu a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {66,82% din voturi, iar C.V.Tudor - 33,17%. }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Istoria a nregistrat un fapt inedit n istoria Ro
mniei si a statelor din zona }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ce}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntral\uc1\u259X si }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sud-est euro}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pean\uc1\u259X: un
candidat la presedin\uc1\u355Xie s-a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rentors dup\uc1\u259X patru ani n fruntea statului.}\p
ar\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Opozi\uc1\u355Xia
rezultat\uc1\u259X n urma alegerilor s-a divizat n dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {grupuri incompatibile din punct
de vedere politic: PRM, pe de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {o parte, si \uc1\u8222Xopozi\uc1\u355Xia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {democrat}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ic\uc1\u259X" (PD, PNL si UDMR), pe d
e }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt\uc1\u259X
parte, n aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, formarea unui guvern minoritar }\par\pard\li1
933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PDSR a reprezentat sing
ura solu\uc1\u355Xie posibil\uc1\u259X. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 28
decembrie }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {200
0 s-a constituit guvernul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Adrian N\uc1\u259Xstase
, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {beneficia
t de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u3
55Xinerea PNL si UDMR, n urma }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierii
unor protocoale de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {colaborare parlamentar\uc1\u259X. Ulterior, n aprilie }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {2001, PNL a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {dezavuat}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840
\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn653\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
0 {colaborarea cu guvernul, declarndu-se adversar hot\uc1\u259Xrt al }\par\pard\li
2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestuia, n timp ce UDMR a co
ntinuat s\uc1\u259X sus\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X executivul }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prezidat de Adrian N\uc1\u259Xst}\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ase.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {n ianuarie 2001 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut loc Con
ferin\uc1\u355Xa Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {extraordinar\uc1\u259X a PDSR pentru alegerea n
oului presedinte (Ion }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal

ex100 {Iliescu retr\uc1\u259Xgndu-se din partid, func\uc1\u355Xia de presedinte a
l \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {fiind incompatibil\uc1\u259X constitu\uc1\u355Xional cu apartenen\uc1
\u355Xa partizan\uc1\u259X), }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {n unanimitate. Adrian N\uc1\u259Xstase a fost ales presedinte, ceea
}\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce a reprezen
tat o premier\uc1\u259X n via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X romneasc\uc1\u259X }\
par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {postdecembrist\uc
1\u259X, deoarece primul-ministru a devenit si seful }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidului de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt.}\par\par
d\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iunie 2001, n urma fuz
iunii dintre PDSR si PSDR, a luat nastere }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Social-Democrat }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {(PSD), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al c\uc1\u259Xrui presedinte
a fost }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desem
nat premieail Adrian N\uc1\u259Xstase. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2
7 noiembrie 2001, }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Consiliul Interna\uc1\u355Xionalei Socialiste a decis s\uc1\u259Xi acorde nou }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{creatului PSD statutul de membru consultativ, treapt\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {premerg\uc1\u259Xto
are celei de membru, calitate pe care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut-}\par\pard\li2786\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiemb
rie 2003.}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrunit
\uc1\u259X n mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2001, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Conven\uc1\u355Xia Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X a PD a avut }\par\pard\li2786\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca principal }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {punct pe ordinea de zi alegerea unei noi conduceri si a }\par\pard\li
2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unui nou program; }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n urma votului. Petre Roman a pierdut }\par\p
ard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xia p
artidului n favoarea lui Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu, primarul }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {general al Capitalei.}\par\pard\li330
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PiN\uc1\u354X-CD, }\b0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a pierdut nu numai guvernarea, ci si intrarea n }\par
\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parlament, a travers
at cea mai puternic\uc1\u259X criz\uc1\u259X din perioada }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {postdecembrist\uc1\u259X. nc\uc1\u259
X din noiembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2000, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {conducerea }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{PN\uc1\u354X-CD, n frunte cu Ion Diaconescu, si-a anun\uc1\u355Xat demisia }\p
ar\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colectiv\uc1\u259X
, asumndu-si responsabilitatea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru esecul nregistr
at }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la alegeri.
Congresul din ianuarie 2001. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat
ntr-o atmosfer\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {extrem de tensionat\uc1\u259X, a scos la lumin\uc1\u259X dis
ensiunile acute }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ntre membrii diferitelor \uc1\u8222Xaripi" ale forma\uc1\u355Xiunii.
Ales }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedin
te. Andrei Marga a fost nevoit s\uc1\u259X demisioneze }\par\pard\l
i2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X nici sase lun
i, iar ulterior s-a nscris n PNL. Locul s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost luat de Victor C}\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {iorbea (revenit n partid n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{urma fuziunii }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dintre ANCD si PN\uc1\u354X-CD), ini\uc1\u355Xial ca presedinte interimar si.
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {august 2001, ca presedinte ales de Congresul PNTCD
. Dar, la doar }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale

x100 {cteva zile distan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, a avut loc un nou co
ngres al }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nemu
l\uc1\u355Xumi\uc1\u355Xilor din partid. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Confl
i}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ctul intrapartidic a fost }\par\pard\li2773\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transat o dat\uc1\u259X cu
nregistrarea, n octombrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2001, unui nou }\pa
r\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid: }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Popular Crestin. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Acesta exista si si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsura }
\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea inde
pendent de Partidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc Cresti
n }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democrat, n
noiembrie 2003. Partidul Popular Crestin a fuzionat cu }\par\pard\
li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alian\uc1\u355Xa Popular
\uc1\u259X, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organiza\uc1\u355Xie nfiin\uc1\u355X
at\uc1\u259X de fostul presedinte }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Emil Constantinescu.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Din anul 2000, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economia
romneasc\uc1\u259X a cunoscut o }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anumit\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {redresar
e. Industria a nregistrat o crestere de peste 5% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe
an, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar infla\u
c1\u355Xia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a 194}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage











\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diminuat, de la pest
e 25% la nceputul anilor '90, la 15% n 2003 si 8% n }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2004.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mul\uc1\u355Xi romni (dup\uc1\u259X unele surse circa }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3 milioane) au plecat la }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucru n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alte \uc
1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri (Spania, Fran\uc1\u355Xa, Grecia s.a.), unde prestau, }\par\
pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de regul\uc1\u259X, \
uc1\u8222Xmunci necalificate" (culesul de c\uc1\u259Xpsuni, m\uc1\u259Xsline }\p
ar\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.),}{ }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {dar ob\uc1\u355Xineau cstiguri mult mai mari dect n Romnia. }\pa
r\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sumele trimise
de acestia n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X, la familiile lor. au }\par\pard
\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contribuit la sporirea ca
ntit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de valut\uc1\u259X si la echilibrarea }\par\pard\li19
86\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cursului de schimb leu-euro (d
ol}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ar).}\par\pard\li2506\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf

0\f0\charscalex100\b {n perspectiva ader\uc1\u259Xrii Romniei la Uniunea
}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {European
\uc1\u259X, a fost revizuit\uc1\u259X Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {1991, }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {care a }\b0 \par\pa
rd\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {fost apoi supus\u
c1\u259X referendumului }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {n zilele de 18
-19 }\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {octom
brie 2003. }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S-au prezentat la unie 55,7%
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre votan\uc1\u355Xi, iar }\par\pard\li197
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre acestia }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {89,7% }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au r\uc1\u259Xspuns \uc1
\u8222XDa", ntre modific\uc1\u259Xrile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aduse se num\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X si cea privind aleg
erea presedintelui pe o }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {durat\uc1\u259X de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4 ani (n loc de 4).
n noiembrie 2004, Romnia a ncheiat }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {negocierile tehnice de aderare }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
la Uniunea European\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {La alegerile parlamentare din 28 noiembrie 2004 s-au n
registrat }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urm\u
c1\u259Xtoarele rezultate:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6666\colsr-0\colno2\colw4773\pard\li196
0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx4453\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Forma\uc1\u355Xiunea p
olitic\uc1\u259X}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Procentaj }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Camera }\par\pard\li4693\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Deputa\uc1\u355Xilor}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Procentaj }\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Senat}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\cols3\colno1\colw5080\colsr-0\colno2\colw1946\colsr-0\colno3\colw4413\par
d\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PSD + PUR}\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alian\uc1\u355Xa DA (PNL-PD)}\
par\pard\li2826\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PRM}\par\pard\li2
746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {UDMR}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {36.61}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31,33}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {12,92}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {6,17}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3
7,13}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {31,77}\par\par
d\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.63}\par\pard\li53\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,23}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tendin\uc1\u355Xa de simplificare a spectrului
politic, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manife
stat\uc1\u259X la alegerile anterioare, a continuat. Cea mai }\par
\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spectaculoas\uc1\u25
9X evolu\uc1\u355Xie a avut-o }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Democrat
}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care, sub }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conducerea lui Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu, a abandona
t programul }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {social-}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democrat, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anun\uc
1\u355Xnd c\uc1\u259X se retrage din Interna\uc1\u355Xionala }\par\pard
\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Socialist\uc1\u259X. F\uc
1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X a-si elabora o nou\uc1\u259X doctrin\uc1\u259X, acest partid
s-a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nscris pe un
nou culoar politic, acela al partidelor populare }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {europene. PD a ncheiat o alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u
259X cu }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul National-Liberal, }\b0 \par\pard
\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condus de Theodor Sto
lojan, sub numele de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Alian\uc1\u355Xa Dren
ate si }\b0 \par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Ad

ev\uc1\u259Xr }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(D.A.). n plin\uc1\u259X ca
mpanie electoral\uc1\u259X, Stolojan s-a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retras din cursa preziden\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X
, invocnd motive de s\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u259Xtate. }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu, Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu a
anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xprietenul" s\uc1\u259Xu }\par\pard\li193
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost nevoit s\uc1\u259X aba
ndoneze lupta, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece era \uc1\u8222Xsantajat"
de }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PSD. }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care ar fi preg\uc1\u259Xtit zeci de dosare mpotriva acestu
ia, cu }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scopul d
e a-1 compromite. B\uc1\u259Xsescu a jucat la \uc1\u8222Xcacialma" si }\par\pard
\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a cstigat. Mai nti 1-a comp
\uc1\u259Xtimit ntr-att pe Stolojan. }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nct 1-au podidit}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghs
xn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
{lacrimile, n fa\uc1\u355Xa camerelor de luat vederi, romnii fiin
d }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impresiona\uc
1\u355Xi de aceast\uc1\u259X scen\uc1\u259X, a unui om politic care sufer\uc1\u2
59X }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {att de mult
pentru un coleg al s\uc1\u259Xu.}\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {A doua zi. Alian\uc1\u355Xa D.A. a anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1\u259X
noul s\uc1\u259Xu candidat la }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {presedin\uc1\u355Xie este Traian B\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {sescu. In alegerile parlamentare pe primul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loc s-a situat PSD + }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {PUR, dar Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu a declarat c\uc1\u25
9X }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerile
au fost falsificate si a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerut arestarea
si judecarea }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {presedintelui Comisiei Centrale Electorale, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {considerat a fi }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {principalul vinovat. Sus\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259Xtorii s\uc1\u259Xi
amenin\uc1\u355Xau c\uc1\u259X vor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declansa \uc1\u8222Xrevolu\uc1\u355Xia portocalie", dup
\uc1\u259X modelul Georgiei si al }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Ucrainei, unde opozi\uc1\u355Xia nu a recunoscut rezultatul a
legerilor, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a re
curs la manifesta\uc1\u355Xii de strad\uc1\u259X, a luat cu asalt institu\uc1\u3
55Xiile }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guverna
mentale, impunndu-si voin\uc1\u355Xa. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceas}\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {t\uc1\u259X atitudine a lui }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu a avut un put
ernic impact asupra }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {electoratului, care se temea c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xara ar putea intra n
haos, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-un m
oment cnd cu multe eforturi si sacrificii se }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realizase o anumit\uc1\u259X stabilit
a' }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {:. Pe de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt\uc1
\u259X parte, cadrele PSD }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {erau supu}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se unei puternice presiuni medi
atice, fiind }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acuzate c\uc1\u259X au }\par\pard
\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {participat la \uc1\u8
222Xmarea fraud\uc1\u259X electoral\uc1\u259X". Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu
a }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criticat ex
trem de dur \uc1\u8222Xsistemul tic\uc1\u259Xlosit" introdus de PSD, n }\par\pard
\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a nflorit corup\

uc1\u355Xia, si s-a adresat romnilor cu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promisiunea: \uc1\u8222XS\uc1\u259X tr\uc1\u25
9Xi\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i bine!"}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R\uc1\u259Xsturnnd toate sondajele de
opinie, B\uc1\u259Xsescu a }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {cstigat, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 decembrie 2004, }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cel de-al doilea tur al alegerilor }\par\pard\li2773\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xiale, cu }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {51,23%, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devansndu-1 pe A
drian N\uc1\u259Xstase, }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {48,57% din total
ul voturilor exprimate.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X alegerea sa ca presedinte al Romniei, B\uc1\u259Xsescu }\p
ar\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu a mai ridicat
problema falsific\uc1\u259Xrii alegerilor si a \uc1\u8222Xtragerii }\par\pard\li
2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n \uc1\u355Xeap\uc1\u259X" a
celor vinova\uc1\u355Xi, asa cum promisese n campania }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electoral\uc1\u259X. La rndul s\uc1\
u259Xu, Theodor Stolojan (cel att de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bolnav n urm\uc1\u259X cu dou\uc1\u259X luni) a dev
enit consilier preziden\uc1\u355Xial.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cele dou\uc1\u259X procente ob\uc1\u355Xinute n p
lus la scrutinul }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {preziden\uc1\u355Xial i-au permis lui B\uc1\u259Xsescu s\uc1\u259X
r\uc1\u259Xstoarne, practic, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {rezultatul alegerilor parlamentare si s\uc1\u259X impun\uc1\u2
59X o formul\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {guvernare proprie. Desi Constitu\uc1\u355Xia prevedea c\uc1\u259X }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pre}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sedintele }\par\pard\l
i2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259Xrcineaz\uc1\u259
X cu formarea guvernului pe liderul partidului }\par\pard\li2746\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care a ob\uc1\u355Xinut cele
mai multe voturi n alegerile }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {parlamentare, B\uc1\u259Xsescu 1-a numit n aceast\uc1\u259X
func\uc1\u355Xie pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {C\uc1\u259Xlin }\b0 \par\pard
\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Popescu-T\uc1\u259Xrice
anu, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedintele PNL, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retragerea lui }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Stolojan. Pentru a av}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea
o majoritate parlamentar\uc1\u259X. T\uc1\u259Xriceanu a }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atras n guvern PUR si UDMR. B\uc1\u259X
sescu a numit trecerea PUR, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {care intrase n Parlament pe listele PSD, de partea alian\uc1\u355Xe
i }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D.A., ca fiin
d \uc1\u8222Ximoral\uc1\u259X", dar acest fapt nu 1-a mpiedicat s\uc1\u259X }\pa
r\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {valideze guvernul
propus de T\uc1\u259Xri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ceanu. }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Declarndu-se }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xpresedinte juc\uc1\u259Xtor", B\uc1\u259Xsescu a interve
nit adesea n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {196}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn
0\f0\charscalex100 {activitatea guvernamental\uc1\u259X, cu inten\uc1\u355Xia de
a provoca o criz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {care s\uc1\u259X duc\uc1\u259X la alegeri anticipate. In
i\uc1\u355Xial, T\uc1\u259Xriceanu a }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptat aceast\uc1\u259X tactic\uc1\u259X, anun\uc1\u
355Xndu-si, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n iulie 2005, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {demisia }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u

c1\u8222Xirevocabil\uc1\u259X", dar ulterior a revenit, declarnd c\uc1\u259X r\uc
1\u259Xmne la }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {po
stul s\uc1\u259Xu.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Una dintre primele m\uc1\u259Xsuri ini\uc1\u355Xiate de acest g
uvern a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost
introducerea }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cotei unice de impozitare de 16%, }
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {renun\uc1\u355Xnd la }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impozitul global. Aceast\uc1\u259X }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decizie avantaja n mod evident }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {persoanele cu venituri foarte
mari. iar }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru ob\uc1\u355Xinerea sumel
or }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare p
entru bugetul de stat s-a recurs la noi taxe si }\par\pard\li19
33\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impozite, care afectau mar
ea mas\uc1\u259X a popula\uc1\u355Xiei. La l iulie }\par\pard\li1933\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2005 s-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {trecut la denominarea leului, astfel c\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{10.000 lei vechi au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {devenit l leu nou; }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totodat\uc1\u259X, s-au r
epus n circula\uc1\u355Xie monedele }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de l, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5, 10 si 50 bani, car
e }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {disp\uc1\u259Xruser\uc1\u259X ca urmare a
infla\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {galopante, n toamna anului }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2005 }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernul s-a confruntat }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu mari conflicte sociale, din rndul c\uc
1\u259Xrora s-a remarcat }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {greva profesorilor, care a durat trei s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmni.}\p
ar\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X al
egerile parlamentare, partidele politice au }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut importante evolu\uc1\u355Xii.
Cel mai puternic a devenit }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Partidul Democrat, }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
prijinit }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschis de Traian B\uc1\u259Xsescu.
Noul }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lider,
Emil Boc, primarul municipiului Cluj-Napoca, a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {supralicitat devotamentul s\uc1\u259
Xu fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de presedintele Romniei }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a profitat de crizele din interiorul PNL.}\
par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sub conducerea
lui C\uc1\u259Xlin Popescu-T\uc1\u259Xriceanu, PNL a }\par\pard\li1933
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut o involu\uc1\u355Xie, c
a urmare a disputelor dintre unii lideri }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(care nu au ezitat s\uc1\u259X-1 conteste pe presedint
e), precum si a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{uzurii din timpul guvern\uc1\u259Xrii.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aflat n opozi\uc1\u355Xie, PSD a trecut prin
mari fr\uc1\u259Xmnt\uc1\u259Xri }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {interne: Ion Iliescu si-a anun\uc1\u355Xat decizia
de a reveni la }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {conducerea partidului, dar}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { la Congresul ge
neral din aprilie 2005 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost devansat de Mircea Geoan\u
c1\u259X, propulsat n func\uc1\u355Xia de }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {presedinte de \uc1\u8222Xgrupul reformatorilor"
.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {PRM a trecut s
i el printr-o situa\uc1\u355Xie dificil\uc1\u259X, ca urmare a }\par\pard\li1906
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {schimb\uc1\u259Xrii mesajului
politic. Pn\uc1\u259X n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2004, }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {acest partid a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f

0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o virulent\uc1\u259X campanie mpotriv
a corup\uc1\u355Xiei, a }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {accentuat latura na\uc1\u355Xionalist\uc1\u259X, cu accente
antisemite si }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {antiamericane. Pentru a sc\uc1\u259Xpa de etichetele puse de }
\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adversarii s\uc1
\u259Xi politici, Corneliu V\uc1\u259Xdim Tudor s-a prezentat n }\par\pard\li1906
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {campania electoral\uc1\u259X
ca un mare prieten si pre\uc1\u355Xuitor al }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evreilor, a renun\uc1\u355Xat la limbaj
ul inchizitorial, care era agreat }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {de o parte a cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor, astfel
c\uc1\u259X a nregistrat un recul }\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {important. In urma congresului din noiemb
rie 2005, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xtribunul" a }\par\pard\li1
906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anun\uc1\u355Xat c\uc1\u259X
partidul s\uc1\u259Xu va redeveni ceea ce a fost, adic\uc1\u259X un }\par\pard\l
i1906\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid intransigent fa\uc1\
u355X\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u8222Xho\uc1\u355Xii si tr\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xtorii de
\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X".}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3306\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{UDMR }\b0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a continuat linia politic\uc1\
u259X stabilit\uc1\u259X n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990, si }\par\pard
\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {anume de a fi un arbitru n
disputa dintre partidele romnesti, pentru a trage }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {maximum de }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folo
s pentru etnia maghiar\uc1\u259X. De aceast\uc1\u259X dat\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\
li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {UDMR particip\uc1\u259X ef
ectiv la guvern, avnd ca obiectiv esen\uc1\u355Xial }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptarea Statutului minorit\uc1\u259X\u
c1\u355Xilor, care s\uc1\u259X permit\uc1\u259X o }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {enclavizare a jude\uc1\u355Xelor Hargh
ita si Covasna (numite \uc1\u8222X\uc1\u354Xinutul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Secuiesc"), unde decizia s\uc1\u259X apar\uc
1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X maghiarilor, care-si }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rezervau un adev\uc1\u259Xrat drept de veto
fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de hot\uc1\u259Xrrile }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernului si Parlamentului Romniei. Aceast\uc1
\u259X atitudine nu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {a fost acceptat\uc1\u259X de partidele parlamentare si nici
de }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Comisia de
la Vene\uc1\u355Xia, dar UDMR este hot\uc1\u259Xrt\uc1\u259X s\uc1
\u259X nu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ced
eze.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alegerile
parlamentare din noiembrie 2004 au marcat esecul }\par\pard\li2760\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xsun\uc1\u259Xtor al unor
lideri politici si partide, afla\uc1\u355Xi alt\uc1\u259Xdat\uc1\u259X n }\par\p
ard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prim-planul vie\uc1\
u355Xii publice. Este vorba de Emil }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Constantinescu, fostul presedinte al Romni
ei, care a }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nf
iin\uc1\u355Xat partidul Ac\uc1\u355Xiunea Popular\uc1\u259X, si de
fostul prim-}\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
inistru Petre Roman, presedintele Partidului For\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard
\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx5960\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Democratic\uc1\u
259X. Un esec aser}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'n\uc1\u259Xtor a }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat si Gheorghe }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ciuhandru, ales n august 2004 }\fs22\cf0\f

0\charscalex100 {presedintele PN\uc1\u354X-CD; dup\uc1\u259X alegeri, }\par\pard
\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest partid a renun\uc1\
u355Xat la titulatura istoric\uc1\u259X, lu}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndu-si nu
mele }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de Partidu
l Popular. O schimbare de titulatur\uc1\u259X s-a nregistrat }\par\pard\li2760\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si la Partidul }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Umanist Romn (PUR), care. n mai 2005, a devenit }\par\pa
rd\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidul Consen'ator.}\
par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dincolo de disput
ele politice s-a men\uc1\u355Xinut un consens }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al tuturor }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partid
elor politice }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n privin\uc1\u355Xa ader\uc1\u
259Xrii Romniei la }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Uniunea European\uc1\u259X, la l }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ianuarie 20
07, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum si a ndeplinirii }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obliga\uc1\u355Xiilor asumate ca membru
NATO; unele deosebiri au }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {vizat necesitatea prezen\uc1\u355Xei trupelor romne n zone
le de }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conflic
t din Afganistan si Irak datorit\uc1\u259X cheltuielilor foarte }\
par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mari suportate de
statul romn si preocup\uc1\u259Xrii fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de via\uc1\u355Xa }\p
ar\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ostasilor respecti
vi, n }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie 2005 a fost semnat acordul prin }\pa
r\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care Romnia punea la
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispozi\uc1\u355Xia }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
UA mai }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe loca\uc1\u355Xii pentru }\par\pard\li2
746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trupele americane, angajate n
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lupta }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva teroris
mului }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\u
c1\u355Xional.}\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2746\ri0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {11. L
OCUL ROMNIEI }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {EUR
OPA DUP\uc1\u258X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ANUL}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\b {1900}\b0 \par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2480\
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a)
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {La nceput de secol}\b0 \par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-333
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n jurul anului 1900, }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {covrsitoarea majoritate a popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-apr
oape 90% - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se ocupa cu agricultura. P\uc1\u259Xmntul
era }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de\uc1\u35
5Xinut, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n principal, de mosieri, care aveau latifund
ii de 10.000-15.000 }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ha, n timp ce marea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mas\uc1\u259X a \uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimii nu poseda nici m\uc1\u259Xcar un }\par\pard\li1920\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hectar de familie. O dat\uc1\u259X c
u dezvoltarea masinismului s-a }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0

\f0\charscalex100 {extins extrac\uc1\u355Xia petrolului, Romnia avnd cea
mai mare }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pr
oduc\uc1\u355Xie de petrol din Europa. Comer\uc1\u355Xul romnesc se baza }\par\pa
rd\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe exportul de cereale
si de petrol; se importau, mai ales, coloniale si }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {articole de lux. Leul romnesc, avnd acop
erire n aur, era una dintre }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {valutele forte ale Europei.}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul superior asig
ura formarea uno}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r specialisti de }\par\pard\li1893\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elita. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile din Iasi si Bucuresti bucurndu-se de un }\pa
r\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {real prestigiu.
Personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi precum Titu Maiorescu, Victor }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Babes, Gheorghe Marin
escu, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Paulescu, Spiru C. Haret, }\
par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae lorga era
u binecunoscute si apreciate pe plan e}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {uropean. Pe d
e }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt\uc1\u259X
parte, marea mas\uc1\u259X a popula\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {(aproape 90%) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era }\par\pard\li1893\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {analfabet\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li241
3\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Elita politic\uc1\u259X si
cultural\uc1\u259X tr\uc1\u259Xia la nivelul celor mai }\par\pard\li
1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nst\uc1\u259Xrite familii }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {europene, remarcndu-se nu numai prin avere, ci si prin
}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bun gust. P
alatele si conacele din Rom}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia se impunea
u prin }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elegan
\uc1\u355Xa si confortul lor. Unii lideri politici si oameni de
}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultur\uc1\u25
9X au atras, n repetate rnduri, aten\uc1\u355Xia guvernan\uc1\u355Xilor
}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra situa\
uc1\u355Xiei mizere n care tr\uc1\u259Xia marea majoritate a }\par\
pard\li1826\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula\uc1\u355Xiei
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259
Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea. Spiru C. Haret, Nicolae lorga, }\par\pard\li1826\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.C
. Cuza. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {G.D. Creang\uc1\u259X au scris s
i au pledat pentru }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ameliorarea vie\uc1\u355Xii de zi cu zi a plugarilor. Glasul lor n-a f
ost }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ascultat, a
stfel c\uc1\u259X, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1907, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Romnia s-a confruntat cu cea mai }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {mare r\uc1\u259Xscoal\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u
259Xneasc\uc1\u259X din Europa secolului al XX-lea. Ea a }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost n\uc1\u259Xbusit\uc1\u259X n snge. N
um\uc1\u259Xrul victimelor nu se cunoaste; }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {I aprecia c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xcifra era de ordinul multo
r mii", iar }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ale
xandru Averescu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scria, n 1938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X au fost \uc1\u8222Xnumai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {2.500 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n }\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xara". Oricum, a fost o ma
re}\par\pard\li7826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7826\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {199}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pgh

scalex100 {tragedie na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. Chestiunea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X
r\uc1\u259Xneasc\uc1\u259X a dominat via\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {politic\uc1\u259X din Romnia pn\uc1\u259X la
nf\uc1\u259Xptuirea reformei agrare, la }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sfrsitul primului r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {mondial.}\par\pard\li3346\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Romnia era cel mai mare si cel mai puternic stat din sud-estul }\par\pard\li2813\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europei. Ea era angajat\uc1\u259X
, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1883, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o alian
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu Ge}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rmania si }\par\pard\li28
13\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Austro-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Ungaria. Dar \uc1\u8222Xspiritul public" nu agrea un asemenea }\par\par
d\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aranjament politic, dato
rit\uc1\u259X faptului c\uc1\u259X romnii din Bucovina }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si. mai ales. cei din Transilvania erau
supusi unei politici de }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {dezna\uc1\u355Xionalizare, extrem de agresiv\uc1\u259X, din partea ofic
ialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lor }\par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la Viena si Budapesta. In 1912,
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut loc primul r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {balcanic }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ntre Bulgaria, Serbia, Muntenegru, Grecia, pe de o parte, si }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Turcia, de }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {cealalt\uc1\u259X parte, n }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1913,
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a izbucnit cel de-al doilea r\uc1\u259Xzb
oi }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {balcanic,
prin ac\uc1\u355Xiunea militar\uc1\u259X a Bulgariei mpotriva }\par\par
d\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fostilor alia\uc1\u355
Xi. Romnia a decis s\uc1\u259X intervin\uc1\u259X, oblignd }\par\pard\l
i2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulgaria s\uc1\u259X cear\u
c1\u259X pace. Conferin\uc1\u355Xa de pace s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat la }\par\pard
\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti, f\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259X participarea Marilor Puteri; cu acel prilej, }\par\pard\li
2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a ob\uc1\u355Xinut
dou\uc1\u259X jude\uc1\u355Xe din sudul Dobrogei }\par\pard\li2813\ri
0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Cadrilaterul). }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Astfel, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355Xa Romniei a
jungea la }\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {137
.900 km}{ }\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {:}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {. iar popul
a\uc1\u355Xia la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.771.000 de locuitori (n 1914).}\p
ar\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {b) Marea Unire din
1918}\par\pard\li3333\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 15/28
iulie 1914, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a izbucnit primul r\uc1\u259Xzboi mo
ndial, prin }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ata
carea Serbiei de c\uc1\u259Xtre Austro-Ungaria. Consiliul de }\par\p
ard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Coroan\uc1\u259X, n}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trunit, la Sinaia, n ziua de 21 iulie / 3 }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {august, a decis ca }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia s\uc1\u259X-si proclame neutralitatea. Aceast\uc1\u259
X hot\uc1\u259Xrre 1-a }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {afectat grav pe regele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {l, care a sus\uc1\u355Xinut intrarea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii n }\pa
r\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboi al\
uc1\u259Xturi de Germania si Austro-Ungaria. Peste cteva }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luni, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{27 septembrie/10 octombrie, Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I a nce
tat din via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Succesorul s\uc1\u259Xu. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F
erdinand }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l, a declarat c\uc1\u259X va fi
\uc1\u8222Xun bun }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {romn", adic\uc1\u259X nu avea s\uc1\u259X se opun\uc1\u259X spiritului pu
blic, animat }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
dorin\uc1\u355Xa eliber\uc1\u259Xrii fra\uc1\u355Xilor din Transilvan
ia, afla\uc1\u355Xi sub }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {domina\uc1\u355Xia ungar\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { doi
ani de neutralitate, la 4/17 august 1916. Romnia a }\par\pard\li278
6\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {o Conven\uc1\u355Xie politic\uc1\u259X si una militar\uc1\u259X cu Fran\uc1
\u355Xa, Marea }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Britanie, Rusia si Italia, n baza c\uc1\u259Xrora Antanta recunostea }\par\pard\
li2786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dreptul Romniei de asi anexa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {teritoriile romnesti din Austro-}\p
ar\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, iar }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X se angaja s\uc1\u259X int
re n r\uc1\u259Xzboi mpotriva }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Puterilor Centrale. Participarea Romniei la r\uc1\u259Xzbo
i a fost }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cer
ut\uc1\u259X insistent de Fran\uc1\u355Xa, aflat\uc1\u259X n mare d
ificultate pe }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{frontul de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Verdun. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {In primele s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmni, ofensiva }\par\pard\li2786\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romneasc\uc1\u259X n Transilvania
s-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {des}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259X
surat cu succes, dar }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {nfrngerea suferit\uc1\u259X n Dobrogea, la Turtucaia, lipsa
unei }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concep\u
c1\u355Xii clare privind desf\uc1\u259Xsurarea opera\uc1\u355Xiunilor }\
par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {militare.}\par\pa
sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nerespectarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {angajamentelor luate de Alia\uc1\u355Xi, for\uc1\u355Xa mult }\
par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {superioar\uc1\u25
9X a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inamicul}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ui au
avut ca rezultat ocuparea a }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X treimi din teritoriul }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Romniei (noiembrie 1916). Totusi, }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {obiectivul strategic al Antantei a fost }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atins: frontul de Vest a fost }\par\pard\li2200\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {degajat, iar Fran\uc1\u355Xa a rezista
t presiunilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {germane.}\par\pard\li2720\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La sfrsitul lui 1916 si nceputul anu
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui urm\uc1\u259Xtor, trupele }\par\pard\li2186
\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romne au fost reorganizate si do
tate cu armament sosit }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {din Anglia si Fran\uc1\u355Xa, astfel c\uc1\u259X. n vara lui }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {1917, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au t\uc1\u259Xcut fa\uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
u succes ofensivei declansate de Puterile Centrale la }\par\pard\li
2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mr\uc1\u259Xsti, M\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u259Xsesti si Oituz. A fost z\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xrnicit planul Puter}\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ilor }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Centrale de a ocupa ntreg teritoriul romnesc si de
nainta prin }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{Ucraina, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru a nfrnge trupele rusesti si a le sc
oate din }\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lupt\u
c1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2706\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Revolu
\uc1\u355Xia bolsevic\uc1\u259X din Rusia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(25 octom
brie/7 noiembrie }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1917) a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avut consecin\uc1\u355Xe grave pentru R
omnia. Guvernul }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
sov}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ietic a decis iesirea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {acestei mari puteri din r\uc1\u259Xzboi, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26
}\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie/8 no
iembrie 1917 si a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnat, mai nti, armisti\uc1\u355Xi
ul }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(26 noiembr
ie/9 decembrie) si, apoi. pacea (18 februarie/3 martie }\par\pard\li
2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {cu Puterile Centrale. R\uc1\u259Xmas\uc1\u259X singur\uc1\u259X
pe }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {frontul de }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Est, Rom}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia a f
ost nevoit\uc1\u259X si ea s\uc1\u259X mearg\uc1\u259X pe calea }\
par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u355X
iului si a p\uc1\u259Xcii (semnat\uc1\u259X, n Bucuresti, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {24 aprilie/7 }\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {mai 1918).}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{O dat\uc1\u259X cu iesirea Rusiei din r\uc1\u259Xzboi, armata acesteia }\par\p
ard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aflat\uc1\u259X pe ter
itoriul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei (circa un milion de oameni) a intrat
n }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {descompunere;
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { sc\uc1\u259Xpa\uc1\u355Xi de sub controlul
oric\uc1\u259Xrei ierarhii, }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {numerosi militari rusi au recurs la acte de agr
esiune si }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {van
dalism mpotriva popula\uc1\u355Xiei civile si a bunurilor }\par\pard\
li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acesteia. Guvernul romn
a cerut militarilor rusi s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc1\u259X imediat te
ritoriul Moldovei, iar cei care refuzau }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erau dezarma\uc1\u355Xi si alunga\uc1\u355Xi cu for\uc1
\u355Xa. Lund act de hot\uc1\u259Xrrea }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului de la lasi. guvernul sovietic a decis arestarea
}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrului Ro
mniei la Petersburg, Constantin Diamandi (31 decembrie }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1917/13 ianuarie 1918). n urma prot
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {estului tuturor sefilor }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {misiunilor diplomatice, acesta a fost
eliberat peste dou\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {zile si obligat s\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xseasc\uc
1\u259X Rusia sovietic\uc1\u259X. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13/26 }\
par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ianuarie, guver
nul bolsevic a decis s\uc1\u259X rup\uc1\u259X rela\uc1\u355Xiile }\p
ar\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diplomatice cu Romn
ia.}\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi anul 19
18 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a debutat n condi\uc1\u355Xii foarte grele pentr
u }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xara
noastr\uc1\u259X, el avea s\uc1\u259X intre n istorie ca anul
cel mai }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bene
fic si n\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xtor pentru romnii de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {pretutindeni, anul Marii }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Uniri. La 27 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie, Sfatul
\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xrii, ntrunit la Chisin\uc1\u259Xu. a }\par\pard\li2
120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hot\uc1\u259Xrt unirea Bas
arabiei cu Romnia, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {28 noiembrie, }\par\pa

rd\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Con}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {gresul General de la Cern\uc1\u259Xu\uc1\u355Xi a votat u
nirea }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucovinei
, iar la l decembrie, Adunarea Na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X de la }\par\p
ard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alba }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Iulia a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptat Rezolu\uc1\u355Xia pr
ivind unirea Transilvaniei }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {cu patria-mam\uc1\u259X. Astfel, ziua de l Decembrie }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {1918}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\margl
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mar
ca }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea procesului istoric de formare
a statului }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{na\uc1\u355Xional unitar }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romn.}\par\pard\li3293\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La sfrsitul primului r\uc1\u259
Xzboi mondial, n baza }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {principiului autodetermin\uc1\u259Xrii na\uc1\u355Xionale, pe harta
Europei au }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\
uc1\u259Xrut noi state: Estonia. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Letonia.
Lituania, Finlanda, Polonia, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Austria. Ungaria, Cehoslovacia. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Regatul Srbilor, Croa\uc1\u355Xilor si }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Slovenilor (Iugoslavia). Ac\uc1\u355Xiunea romni
lor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 1918 se nscria n }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest flux european, recunoscut si de Maril
e Puteri. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Conferin\uc1\u355Xa P\uc1\u259Xcii ck }
\i0 \par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {la Paris,
}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desf\uc1\u259Xsurat\uc1\u259X n }\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {1919-1920, a continuat prin }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tratat
e noile }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realit\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, inclusiv unirea Bucovinei, Transilvaniei si Basarabiei }\p
ar\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu Romnia.}\par\par
d\li3280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmare a Unirii
, n 1919, Romnia avea 295.000 km}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 { si o }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {popula\uc1\u355Xie de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14,6 milioane
locuitori (n 1939, va ajunge la 20 de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ilioane). Ea a d
evenit o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X de m\uc1\u259Xrime mijlocie n Europa, }\par\pard\
li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupnd locul opt dup\uc1\u2
59X num\uc1\u259Xrul de locuitori si locul zece ca }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li328
0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c) }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {Romnia interbelic\uc1\u259X}\b0 \par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1
918-1939) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a caracterizat printr-o }\par\pard\li2
746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic\uc1\u259X dezvoltare
a vie\uc1\u355Xii materiale si spirituale. Ca si n }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alte \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri europene, n }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia au avut loc }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {reforme
democratice, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au dus la o redistribuire a }\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {propriet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii si la antrenarea unui mare }\par\pa
rd\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xr de cet\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni la via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X activ\uc1\u259X. Refo
rma agrar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {din Romn}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {;}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a (legife
rat\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { n 1917-1921) a fost cea }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mai larg\uc1\u259X din }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \

fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europa acelei perioade; au fost expropriate
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6,1 milioane ha, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre care aproape patru milioane
au fost mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xite n }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loturi la \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani: acestia au benefi
ciat si de circa un milion ha }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {islazuri (p\uc1\u259Xsuni) comunale}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
si de aproximativ 500.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ha p\uc1\u259Xduri
}\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunale. Ca
urmare a refonnei agrare, mosierimea a }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncetat s\uc1\u259X mai aib\uc1\u259X
un rol dominant n via\uc1\u355Xa satului }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnesc, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prim
-plan }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impunndu-se \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xranul pro
prietar de }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\
uc1\u259Xmnt.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pri
n reforma electoral\uc1\u259X, din noiembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918,
s-a introdus }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
votul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {universal, egal, direct, secret si
obligatoriu al tuturor }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {b\uc1\u259Xrba\uc1\u355Xilor de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21
ani }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n sus. Astfel, num\uc1\u259Xrul aleg\uc1\u259
Xtorilor a }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cres
cut de la circa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100.000, n 1914, la 3,5 milioa
ne, n 1926, si 4.6 }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {milioane, n 1937. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dac\uc1\u259X, nainte de }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, un deputat era ales de aproape }\par\pard\li2746\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {400 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni, din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1920, acesta
era votat de 50.000 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni
, }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adic\uc1\u259
X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {125 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ori mai mul\u
c1\u355Xi. Centrul luptei electorale s-a mutat }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de la oras la sat, partidele politice fiind nevo
ite s\uc1\u259X nscrie }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {n programele lor satisfacerea dezideratelor de baz\uc1\u259X
ale }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259Xranilor.}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {Op\uc1\u355Xiunile politice }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-au diversific
at, partidele politice s-au }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {multiplicat, via\uc1\u355Xa public\uc1\u259X devenind mult
mai intens\uc1\u259X si }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {mai plin\uc1\u259X n}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1
5840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmu
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {con\uc1\u355Xinut. Partidul Conservator, neputndu-se adapta noilor }\par\p
ard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xi, a p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xsit scena politic\uc1\u259X. Au ap\uc1
\u259Xait partide noi }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx5200\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {(Partidul \uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc, Liga}\tab
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Poporului), cu programe }\par\pard\li2000\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atr\uc1\u259Xg\uc1\u259Xtoare; n c
adrul Romniei, s-au integrat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partidele din
}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Basarabia, Buco
vina si Transilvania.}\par\pard\li2520\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx7160\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Forma de guvern\uc1\u259Xmnt a r\uc1\u259Xmas}\tab \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {monarhia }\b0 \par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {constitu\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X; }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {moartea regelui Ferdinand

(20 iulie 1927) i-a }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {succedat la tron regele Mihai. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care, fiind mi
nor, era tutelat de o }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Regen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X; la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8 iunie 1930,
coroana a fost }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preluat\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea. }\par\pard\li1986\ri
0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acesta s-a implicat activ n
via\uc1\u355Xa politic\uc1\u259X, urm\uc1\u259Xrind s\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li1986\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {discrediteze regimul
ntemeiat pe partidele politice si s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1986\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigure cresterea rolului monarhiei n vi
a\uc1\u355Xa de stat.}\par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1923 }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {consfin\uc1\u355Xea drepturile si libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xile }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cet\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor, la nivelul standardelor europene. Aplicarea ei }\par\pa
rd\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a l\uc1\u259Xsat ad
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {esea de dorit. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr
incipiul potrivit c\uc1\u259Xruia \uc1\u8222Xtoate }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puterile statului eman\uc1\u259X
de la na\uc1\u355Xiune" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(art. 33) }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {era grav }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {afectat de amestecul aparatului de stat n campania
}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx3800\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electo
ral\uc1\u259X si}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { n stabilirea rezultatelo
r alegerilor }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
parlamentare, n perioada interbelic\uc1\u259X s-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {men}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xinut practica, }\par\pard\li19
60\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introdus\uc1\u259X de }\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I, de a numi
un guvern si a dizolva }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {parlamentul si, apoi, se organizau noi alegeri ge
nerale. }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cabinet
ul si plasa oamenii s\uc1\u259Xi n toate verigile vie\uc1\u355Xii
}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrative,
iar acestia ac\uc1\u355Xionau pentru cstigarea }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl
-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerilor de c\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {tre partidul aflat la putere. Astfel, s-a ajuns ca }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {toate }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {guvernele s\uc1\u259X ob\uc1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X victoria electoral\uc1\u25
9X, chiar si atunci cnd }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {partidul pe care-l reprezentau nu se bucura de o real\u
c1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {popula
ritate.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru a
ob\uc1\u355Xine ct mai multe voturi, partidele politice }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl
-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au recurs p}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{e }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scar\uc1\u259X larg\uc1\u259X la demagogie, ndat
\uc1\u259X ce ajungeau }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {la putere d\uc1\u259Xdeau uit\uc1\u259Xrii promisiunile f\uc1\u
259Xcute cnd se }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {aflaser\uc1\u259X n opozi\uc1\u355Xie. Acest fapt a dus la }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {discreditarea sistemului }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {de guvernare prin partidele politice si a regimului democra
tic, n general.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F
enomenul nu era caracteristic doar Romniei, ci ntregului continent }\par\pard\li19
46\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european, n unele \uc1\u3
55X\uc1\u259Xri }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un
garia, Italia, Bulgaria, }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {democra\uc1\u355Xia a capotat dup\uc1\u259X c\uc1\u355Xiva
ani de la ncheierea }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char

scalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xzboiului, instaurndu-se regimuri autoritare de dif
erite }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nuan\uc1\
u355Xe. Abia dup\uc1\u259X 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {934. n Rom}\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nia s-a nregistrat o }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ascensiune puternic\uc1\u259X a extremei drept
e, pe fondul crizei tot }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {mai evidente a regimului democratic pe plan european, mai }\par\pard\li
1946\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales dup\uc1\u259X instalare
a lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler la putere n Germania (ianuarie 1933).}\
par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Politica extern
\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a Romniei a avut ca princi}\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {pale obiective }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {men\uc1\u355Xinerea p\uc1\u259Xcii si a statu-quo-ulu
i teritorial stabilit prin }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {tratatele de la Paris (\uc1\u8222Xsistemul }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Versailles"), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promovarea unor
}\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355X
ii bune cu to\uc1\u355Xi vecinii, n acest scop, diploma\uc1\u355Xi
a }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romneasc\uc1\u
259X s-a bazat pe sprijinul Fran\uc1\u355Xei si al Marii Britan}\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ii, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{a}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2600
ard\li2600\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ac\uc1\u355Xionat pen
tru ncheierea unor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {tratate }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {bilaterale (cu Polonia n }\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1921, cu }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xa
si cu Italia n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1926), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {pentru crearea Micii }\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {n\uc1\u355Xelegeri (alc\uc1\u259Xtuit\uc1\u259X, n }\fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {1921, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia, Cehoslov
acia si }\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Iugos
lavia) si a n\uc1\u355Xelegerii Balcanice, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
printr-un pact semnat de }\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Romnia, Grecia, Turcia si Iugoslavia ( 1934). }\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X o perioad\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2600\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tensionat\uc1\u259X, rela\uc1\u355
Xiile romno-sovietice s-au ameliorat; n }\par\pard\li2600\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1934, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre cele dou\u
c1\u259X \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri s-au stabilit raporturi diplomatice.}\par\pard\l
i3120\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a fost o prez
en\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X activ\uc1\u259X la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {So
cietatea }\b0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor, }\b0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinnd aplica
rea Statutului acesteia, n }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {vederea cultiv\uc1\u259Xrii unui climat de pace si
de cooperare }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X. In }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1930 si 1931.
ministrul de externe romn, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae }\par\pard\li257
3\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Titulescu, a fost ales
presedintele Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Generale a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii Na\uc1\u355Xiuni
lor, cea mai nalt\uc1\u259X demnitate pe care a }\par\pard\li2573\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupat-o vreodat\uc1\u259X un romn.
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Titulescu a fost unul dintre }\par\pard\l
i2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {promotorii politicii de }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {securitate }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {cole
ctiv\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n Europa, sus\uc1\u355Xinnd }\par
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea unor pa

cte de asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u259X, care s\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpiedice declan
sarea unor ac\uc1\u355Xiuni militare viznd re}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {1 }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zuirea tra
tatelor de pace. n acest spirit, Titulescu a participat la negocierea }\par\pard\
li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si semnarea, n 1935, }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a pactelor de asisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X mutual\uc1\u
259X Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-25
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cehoslovacia. }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Fran\uc1\u355Xa-URSS si Cehoslovacia-URSS. El a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\
sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negociat cu M. Litvinov }\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncheierea unui pact de asisten\uc1\
u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{mutual\uc1\u259X ntre Romnia si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS, ajungnd
u-se, n iulie 1936, la }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {parafarea proiectului acestui document. Dar, ministrul de externe s
ovietic }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu av
ea mandatul necesar din partea }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvernului
de la Moscova, }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
astfel c\uc1\u259X semnarea lui }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n-a mai avut loc. n
fapt, URSS nu }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {accepta }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X semneze un document car
e prevedea c\uc1\u259X grani\uc1\u355Xa cu }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia se afla pe Nistru, ceea ce
implica recunoasterea }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {actului unirii Basarabiei cu \uc1\u355Xara din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {27 martie 1918.}\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Politica de securitate colectiv\uc1\u259X a esuat n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {1936, ca urmare a }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {atitudinii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conciliatoriste promovat\uc1\
u259X de Fran\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de agresiunile Italiei
si Gennaniei, care puneau sub }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semnul ntreb\uc1\u259Xrii tratatele de pace. ncheiate n }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1919-1920.}\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, guvernele de la Paris si Londra
\uc1\u355Xineau }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sub o strict\uc1\u259X observa\uc1\u355Xie situa\uc1\u355Xia din Romnia si nu ac
ceptau }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ideea
ca \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X se apropie de Puteril
e Axei }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Germa
nia si Italia). O asemenea idee era sus\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259X d
e }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miscarea Le
gionar\uc1\u259X, care, pe fondul deterior\uc1\u259Xrii regimului }\pa
r\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratic, }\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cstiga tot mai mult teren, n alegerile din decembrie 1937 }\
par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ob\uc1\u355Xinnd }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15% }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din totalul voturil
or. Faptul c\uc1\u259X liderul acesteia }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declarase c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xn }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {48 de ore }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X biruin\uc1\u355
Xa Misc\uc1\u259Xrii Legionare, }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Romnia va avea o alian\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu Roma si Berlinul"
a ngrijorat }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerc
urile conduc\uc1\u259Xtoare de la Pa}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ris si Londra,
care i-au}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
0\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cerut lui Ca
rol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Il-lea s\uc1\u259X intervin\uc1\u259X

energic pentru a stopa }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ascensiunea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {legionarilor spre pute
re.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lovitura de
stat din 10 februarie 1938, prin care Carol al Il-lea a }\par\pard\li1760\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {instaurat }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\b {regimul monarhiei autoritare, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost ndr
eptat\uc1\u259X, n primul }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {rnd, mpotriva Misc\uc1\u259Xrii legionare. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {27 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {februarie, a fost }\par\pard\li1
760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adoptat\uc1\u259X o nou\uc1\u
259X Constitu\uc1\u355Xie, iar la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 martie, partid
ele politice au }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{fost dizolvate. In aprilie 1938, C.Z. Codreanu a fost arestat, iar n mai }\
par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1938, a fost
condamnat la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zece ani nchisoare sub acuza\uc1\u3
55Xia de }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u
8222Xuneltire contra ordinei sociale"' si de ..r\uc1\u259Xzvr\uc1\u2
59Xtire", n }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {no
iembrie 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {938, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Codre
anu avea s\uc1\u259X fie asasinat din ordinul }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ministrului de interne. Armnd
C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, principalul }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {colaborator al regelui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al
11-lea.}\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n peri}\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oada interbelic\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {economia }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei a cunoscut o }\par\pard\l
i1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puternic\uc1\u259X dezvolta
re, ca urmare a aplic\uc1\u259Xrii politicii \uc1\u8222Xprin noi }\par\pard\li17
46\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nsine", a sprijinului acordat
de stat prin credite, a politicii }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {vamale protec\uc1\u355Xioniste, a lans\uc1\u259Xrii u
nor comenzi de m\uc1\u259Xrfuri }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259Xtre ntreprinderil}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
e particulare. Ramura cea mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dinamic\uc1\
u259X a }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {econo
miei na\uc1\u355Xionale a fost }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {industria, }\b0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care s-a dezvoltat ntr-un ritm }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de 5% pe an, unul dintre cele
mai nalte din lume. n acei ani. s-au }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfiin\uc1\u355Xat mari ntreprinderi mod
erne, precum \uc1\u8222XMalaxa" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\l
i1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti, IAR-Braso}\fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {v. \uc1\u8222XMociorni\uc1\u355Xa" }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {- Bucuresti etc. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia }\par\pard\li1
746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {producea unele masini s
i utilaje de nalt\uc1\u259X tehnicitate, }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum locomotive, aparate de radio, cazane cu
abur. Cea }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai
prestigioas\uc1\u259X realizare a industriei romnesti, din }\par\pard\
li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perioada interbelic\uc1\u2
59X, a fost avionul IAR-81, ca}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {re se situa pe locul
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al treilea din
lume }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n privin\uc1\u355Xa vitezei si a plafonului de
zbor.}\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmar
e a evolu\uc1\u355Xiilor din economie, Romnia s-a }\par\pard\li1733\r
i0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transformat, de la }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {mijlocul anilor '30, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintr-o \uc1\u
355Xar\uc1\u259X agrar\uc1\u259X ntr-}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {una }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {agrar-industrial\uc1\u2
59X. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {crescut g

radul de prelucrare a }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {materiilor prime, cu consecin\uc1\u355Xe benefice asupra procesului }\par
\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de modernizare a ntre
gii societ\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi. Leul romnesc a r\uc1\u259Xmas }\par\pard\li1733\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o moned\uc1\u259X liber-conve
rtibil\uc1\u259X, participnd la opera\uc1\u355Xiunile }\par\pard\li1733\ri0
\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {financiare de pe pia\uc1\u355Xa euro
pean\uc1\u259X. Principalul prod}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {us de export }\par\
pard\li1733\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al Romniei a devenit p
etrolul, care a luat locul cerealelor.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx
3213\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cultura}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r
omneasc\uc1\u259X a nregistrat, n perioada }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interbelic\uc1\u259X, un salt calitativ, avnd d
imensiuni cu adev\uc1\u259Xrat }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {europene. Sculptorul Constantin }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Brrcusi, muzicianul George }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Enescu, istoricul Nicolae lorga, medicul }\fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Constantin I. Parhon, }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inginerii Constantin Coand\uc1\u259X si Laz\uc1
\u259Xr Edeleanu, fizi-cianul-}\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {medic Stefan Odobleja, matematicianul Gheorghe \uc1\u354Xi\
uc1\u355Xeica si }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {nc\uc1\u259X mul\uc1\u355Xi al\uc1\u355Xii se num\uc1\u259Xrau print
re cele mai ilustre }\par\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i ale Euro
pei si ale lumii.}\par\pard\li2240\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Scoala superioar\uc1\u259X romneasc\uc1\u259X era frecventat\uc1\u259X
de }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numerosi t
ineri din statele vecine, iar liceul era printre cele }\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai bune institu\uc1\u355Xii de acest fel
din}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Europa. Analfabetism
ul s-a diminuat considerabil, num\uc1\u259Xrul }\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sti}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {utori or de cail
e ajungnd la circa 70%.}\par\pard\li3320\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Imaginea oraselor si a satelor s-a schimbat, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {via\uc1\u355Xa romnilor }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evo }\par\pard\li2786
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {und }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dinspn: tradi\uc1\u355Xionalism spre modernitate. Bucurestii erau }\par\pard\li
2786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considera\uc1\u355Xi \uc1\
u8222Xiicul Paris", remarcndu-se prin cl\uc1\u259Xdirile sale }\par\pard
\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nalte, prin vilele din ca}
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rt erele }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reziden\uc1\u3
55Xiale, prin magazinele cu }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {m\uc1\u259Xrfuri extrem de diversificate, prin elegan\uc1
\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {doamnelor din }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Ji'u\uc1\u355Xh li/e", }\i0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {mbr\uc1\u259Xcate dup\uc1\u259X ultima mod\uc1\u259X lan
sat\uc1\u259X la ~ aris. }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Londra sau Viena. In sate s-au construit numeroase case, cu }\par\p
ard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dou\uc1\u259X-trei ce.
'iere. scoli, biserici, prim\uc1\u259Xrii, c\uc1\u259Xmine culturale }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {etc. }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Via\uc1\u355Xa or\uc1\u259Xsenilor, mai ales }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {i }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {:elor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {car
e aveau \uc1\u8222Xserviciu la sat", }\par\pard\li2786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {era bun\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitorii au avut perioade mai grele, mai

ales, la }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sfr
situl r\uc1\u259Xzboiului si n anii crizei economice din }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {1929-1933. }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Pentru ameliorarea situa\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iei
lor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materiale, acestia au }\par\pard\li2773\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizat numeroase greve si
manifesta\uc1\u355Xii de strad\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernan\uc1\u355Xii au replicat uneori n for\u
c1\u355X\uc1\u259X: n decembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1918, au }\par\par
d\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost ucisi sase muncito
ri tipografi n Bucuresti: n august 1929, au fost }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {omora}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {' }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {12 }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {de mineri la Lupeni: n februarie 1933, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
au c\uc1\u259Xzut victim\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {represiunii militare trei lucr\uc1\u259Xtori de la c\uc1\u25
9Xile ferate.}\par\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La
sate, \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xranii au fost preocupa\uc1\u355Xi de cu
ltivarea }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\
u259Xmntului primit prin reforma agrar\uc1\u259X, de asigurarea vie\uc1\u355Xii
}\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de zi cu
zi, mpov\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X de datorii c\uc1\u259Xtre b\uc1\u259Xnci
si c\uc1\u259Xtre}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { stat. }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Legea pentru conversiunea datoriilor a
gricole, din 1934, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a ameliorat ntr-}\par\pard\li2773
\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o anumit\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259Xsu
r\uc1\u259X situa\uc1\u355Xia \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimii.}\par\pard\li
3280\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nivelul de dezvoltare este r
eflectat de venitul na\uc1\u355Xional }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe locuitor, care demonstra c\uc1\u259X Romnia intrase n rn
dul }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statelor cu
dezvoltare }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conomic\u
c1\u259X medie din Europa.}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {d) }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Sfsierea Romniei Mari. Partici
parea la cel de-al doilea }\b0 \par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {r\uc1\u259Xzboi mondial}\b0 \par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n anii celui de-al doilea r\uc1\u2
59Xzboi mondial }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1939-1945). }\par\pard\li2746\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {cunoscut o evolu\uc1\u355Xie extrem de complex\uc1\u259X, adesea }\par\pard\
li2746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dramatic\uc1\u259X. La
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23 augu\uc1\u8222XL 1939, prin ncheierea ridu
lui sovieto-}\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {g
ennan (Molotov-Ribbentrop). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {soarta Romniei, c
a si ~ }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celo
rlalte state din zona central\uc1\u259X si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sud-est
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X, era }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pecetluit }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cele dou\uc1\u259X mari puteri totalitar
e si-au mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xit }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sfereie de domina\uc1\u355Xie; }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {; }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {/otocolul adi\uc1\u355Xional secret
prev}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {edea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xinteresul deosebit" pe care URSS l manifest
a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Basarabia si }\par\pard
\li2746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xdezinteresul"
P\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xii germane pentru acest teritoriu. Pactul a }\par\pard\li2
746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nceput s\uc1\u259X fie p
us n aplicare peste o s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmn\uc1\u259X, la l }\par
\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie 1}\fs20

\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {939, cnd Germania a atacat Polonia, iar Uniu}\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nea }\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X a intervenit n aceast\uc1\u259X \uc1
\u355Xar\uc1\u259X ncepnd cu 1}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7 }\par\pard\li27
46\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie. Astfel, Polonia a
fost desfiin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X ca stat.}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In acel moment. Romnia nu se mai bizuia pe nici un sp
rijin extern. }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P
rin ocuparea Cehoslovaciei, n martie 1959, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de c\uc1\u259Xtre Germania, }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {disp\uc1\u259Xruse}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pg
rscalex100 {Mica n\uc1\u355Xelegere; lichidarea Poloniei nsemna pierderea unui }\p
ar\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alt aliat. Fra
n\uc1\u355Xa si Marea Britanic au declarat r\uc1\u259Xzboi }\par\pard
\li1920\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germaniei, dar nu si Uniu
nii Sovietice, desi aceasta ocupase }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {cea mai mare paite a Poloniei. Iugoslavia ncheiase un tratat
}\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de alian\uc1
\u355X\uc1\u259X cu Italia, act ce punea sub semnul ntreb\uc1\u25
9Xrii }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {existen\u
c1\u355Xa n\uc1\u355Xelegerii Balcanice.}\par\pard\li2426\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Situa\uc1\u355Xia intern\uc1\u259X a Romniei deve
nea tot mai }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dependent\uc1\u259X de evolu\uc1\u355Xia vie\uc1\u355Xii interna\uc1\u355Xiona
le si, mai ales, a }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {r\uc1\u259Xzboiului. La sugestia Berlinului, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {legionarii au proc}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {edat la }\par\pard\li1
893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asasinarea primului ministru
Armnd C\uc1\u259Xlinescu, n ziua de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 }\par\pard\li1
893\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {septembrie 1939. }\fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Acest act a fost urmat de o crunt\uc1\u259X represiune, }\par\p
ard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproape 200 de legiona
ri fiind ucisi, din ordinul guvernului prezidat de gene-}\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ralul Gh. Argesanu. Dup\uc1\u259X cteva
luni, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ianuarie 1940, regele Carol }\par\pard\li189
3\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea a lansat polit
ica de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xreconciliere na\uc1\u355Xio
nal\uc1\u259X", }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cernd tuturor }\par\pard\li18
93\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xs\uc1\u259X se strng\uc1\u259X n junii tromdur. }\i
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La acest apel au }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspuns numai legionarii, condusi
de Horia Sima, astfel c\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aprilie-mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940, }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {membrii Misc\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rii au fos
t }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elibera\uc1\u355Xi din lag\uc1\u259Xre }\par\pard
\li1893\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si nchisori. Regele spera
c\uc1\u259X astfel va cstiga bun\uc1\u259Xvoin\uc1\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {lui }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitl
er }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si va salva integritatea teritorial\uc1
\u259X a Romniei, }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {amenin\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X din Lst (Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X), Vest (
Ungaria) si din }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Sud (Bulgaria). Dar fuhrerul, care-1 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acuza pe
Carol }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al II-lea c\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sus\uc1\u355Xinuse politica \uc1\u8
222Xde ncercuire" a Germaniei, promovat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-226

\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N. Titulescu (securitatea colectiv\uc
1\u259X), nu s-a ar\uc1\u259Xtat dispus s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fac\uc1\u259X vreun gest de bun\uc1\u
259Xvoin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Romnia.}\par\pard\li2400\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Capitularea Fran\uc1\u355Xei, la
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22 iunie !940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {&
}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost receptat\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li1853\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti ca o adev\uc1\u259X
rat\uc1\u259X catastrof\uc1\u259X european\uc1\u259X, cu }\par\pard\li1853
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consecin\uc1\u355Xe grave asupra
Romniei, ntr-adev\uc1\u259Xr, dup\uc1\u259X numai }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cteva zile, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
26 }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iur.ie, guvernul de la Moscova a }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {trimis guvernului }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {romn o not\uc1\u259X ultimativ\uc1\u259X prin care-i cerea s
\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xnapoieze cu }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {orice }\i0 \par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {pre\uc1\u355X Uniunii}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { Sovi
etice Basarabia" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si s\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xtransmit\uc1\u259X Uniunii }\i0 \par\pard\li1
853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Sovietice }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {partea de nord a Bucovinei'". }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Apreciind c\uc1\u259X nu se puteau }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx36
66\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angaja ntr-o}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { co
nfruntare militar\uc1\u259X romno-sovietic\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {oficialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile de
la Bucuresti au decis s\uc1\u259X accepte cererile }\par\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kremlinului.}\par\pard\li2400\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmnile
urm\uc1\u259Xtoare, s-a produs o adev\uc1\u259Xrat\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xsturnare a li
niilor de politic\uc1\u259X extern\uc1\u259X si intern\uc1\u259X promovate }\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t an\uc1\u259X a
tunci de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carol al II-lea. }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Romnia a declarat c\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {retrage din Societatea Na\uc1\u355Xiun
ilor si se orienta spre Ax\uc1\u259X; a }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acceptat nceperea negocierilor }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {ci }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria si Bulgar
ia pentru }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\
uc1\u8222Xrezolvarea problemelor teritoriale"'. }\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {"' guvern au fost introduse }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi cunoscute pentr
u vederile lor .::iogermane. }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv legionari; au fost adoptate decrete-lege cu caracte
r }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {art }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {semit; Romnia a fost declarat\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {,3 ta t totalitar" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.}\par\pard\li2
373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Toate aceste ac\uc1\u355Xiuni
nu au avut efectul scontat. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 }\par\pard\li18
53\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {august 1940, }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Germania si Italia au impus, prin \uc1\u8222Xarbitrajul" de la }\par
\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Viena. ca Romnia
s\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cedeze Ungariei partea de nor
d-est a }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Trans
ilvaniei; de asemenea, \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgws
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noas}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tre i s-a cerut

s\uc1\u259X cedeze Bulgariei partea de sud a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dobrogei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {(Cadrilaterul). Astfel, n cteva luni, Romnia a pierdut }\par\pard\l
i2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {33,8% din }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {33.3% }\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din popula\uc1\u355Xie.}\par\pard\li3093\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n aceste condi\uc1\u355Xii, valul nemul\
uc1\u355Xumirilor populare s-a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {rev\uc1\u259Xrsat n strad\uc1\u259X, }\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Carol al II-lea a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncredin\uc1\u355X
at puterea }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ge
neralului Ion Antonescu, Constitu\uc1\u355Xia }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din f
ebruarie 1938 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a fost }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suspendat\uc1\u259X. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {6 septembrie 1940. Carol a fost }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nevoit
s\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xtreac\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {grele/e sarch }\i0
\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {:}\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i { ale domniei"
}\i0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe umerii fiului s\uc1\u259Xu, Mihai.}\par\p
ard\li3093\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La 14 septembrie 19
40. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia a fost proclamat\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8222Xstat }\b0 \par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {na\uc1\u355Xional legionar"; }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {la 10 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {octombrie, o misiune mil
itar\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
german\uc1\u259X intra n \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X, iar la }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {23 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie, Ion Antonescu }\par\p
ard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semna actul de aderare
al \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii noastre la Pactul Tripartit }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Germania, Italia. Japonia). Anti
semitismul a devenit }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {politic\uc1\u259X de stat, iar legionarii au ac\uc1\u355Xi
onat pentru }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx5680\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u8222Xromnizarea" (de fapt.}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { co
nfiscarea) ntreprinderilor }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {evreiesti. In \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X se instaurase haosul
: membrii Misc\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Legionare au decis \uc1\u8222Xpedepsirea" celor vinova
\uc1\u355Xi pentru }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {asasinarea lui Codreanu si a celorlal\uc1\u355Xi camara}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {zi; la 26-27 }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {noiembrie au fost ucisi Virgil }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Madgearu. N. lorga. precum si al\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmul
t0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {64 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de nal\uc1\u355Xi
demnitari afla\uc1\u355Xi n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nchisoarea Jilava.}\par\p
ard\li3080\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Adept al ordinii
si legalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii. Antonescu a ob\uc1\u355Xinut }\par\pa
rd\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acordul lui }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Hitler }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentiTi a-i nl\uc1\u259Xtur
a pe legionari de la putere. }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {La r}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ndul lor, acestia au pus la cale u
n \uc1\u8222Xpuci" mpotriva lui Antonescu. }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Confruntarea a luat forme violente, n zilele de 21-23
ianuarie 1941. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nl\uc1\u259Xturarea legionarilor d
e la putere. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Antonescu a constituit un }
\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {guvern de ..mili
tari si tehnicieni".}\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Constitu\uc1\u355Xia a r\uc1\u259Xmas suspendat\uc1\u259X, partidele
politice }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \

fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvate. Regimul politic, din perioada }\fs12\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {i}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {'inuarie 1941 -august 1944, avea
un }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {caracter }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {totalitar }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Antone
scu afirmnd c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xtotalitatea", adic\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xiunea, pri
meaz\uc1\u259X asupra individului), n acea perioad\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard
\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aproape toate statele
europene aveau regimuri autoritare }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impuse de starea de r\uc1\u259Xzboi; demo
cra\uc1\u355Xia nu mai puten }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xiona nici m\uc1\u259Xcar n Marea Britanic, recu
noscut\uc1\u259X pentru }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {vechimea si tradi\uc1\u355Xia acestui regim politic. Partidele politice
, }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desi erau diz
olvate, si-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {putut conti}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {nua, n anumite limite, cu }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {ng\uc1\u259Xduin\uc1\u355Xa Iui Antonescu, activitatea. Neexis\uc1\u
355Xnd parlament, }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{guvernarea era asigurat\uc1\u259X prin decrete-lege semnate de }\p
ar\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalul (de
la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {21 august 1941, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{maresalul) Antonescu. }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Antisemitismul a devenit politic\uc1\u259X de stat, un n
um\uc1\u259Xr }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ns
emna}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t de evrei (circa 124.000) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {pierzndu-si via\uc1\u355Xa pe parcursul }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {celor patru ani de guvernare antonescian\uc1\u2
59X. Totusi, Antonescu }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {nu a aplicat \uc1\u8222Xsolu\uc1\u355Xia final\uc1\u259X", cer
ut\uc1\u259X de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {astfel c\uc1\u259X. la }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {sfrsitul conflagra\uc1\u355Xiei, n Romnia tr\uc1\u259Xia cea mai
numeroas\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {comunitate evreasc\uc1\u259X din Europa.}\par\pard\li3053\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desi situa\uc1\u355Xia general\uc1\u259X a
Romniei a fost profund }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {afectat\uc1\u259X de r\uc1\u259Xzboi, via\uc1\u355Xa economi
c\uc1\u259X s-a redresat dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pierderile teritoriale din vara anului }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Guvernul si-a }
\par\pard\li2533\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concentrat aten\
uc1\u355Xia spre nzestrarea armatei si sporirea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {208}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\mar
gtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1680\ri
\li1680\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bunurilor de prim\uc1\u25
9X necesitate. In fapt Romnia a fost una }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre pu\uc1\u355Xinele \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xri di
n Europa, participante la r\uc1\u259Xzboi, n }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-2
26\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care nu s-a nregistrat o criz\uc
1\u259X alimentar\uc1\u259X, n consecin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li16
80\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {via\uc1\u355Xa de zi cu zi a o
amenilor se desf\uc1\u259Xsura aproape }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {normal, fapt
}\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ce uimea p
e mu}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l\uc1\u355Xi str\uc1\u259Xini care vizi
tau Romnia, nsusi }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hitler }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprosndu-i lui Antonescu faptul c\uc1\
u259X \uc1\u8222Xn Bucuresti se bea }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {sampanie", n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timp ce germanii nu

aveau unt de pus pe pine.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Via\uc1\u355Xa cultural\uc1\u259X a continuat s\uc1\u259X se
desf\uc1\u259Xsoare la cote }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {nalte, teatral si }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cinematog
raful bu}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {curndu-se de o larg\uc1\u259X }\par\
pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {audien\uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259X. Au fost publicate lucr\uc1\u259Xri fundamentale de istoria }\par\pard\li
1680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {literaturii romne (G. C
\uc1\u259Xlinescu), filosofic }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(P.P.Negulescu, }\
par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolae Bagdasar,
Lucian Blaga) etc.}\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Obiectivul esen\uc1\u355Xial al politicii lui Ion Antonescu a fost }\par\par
d\li1680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {refacerea grani\uc1\u355
Xelor Romniei, sf\uc1\u259Xrmate n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1940. n acest scop,
}\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la 22 iunie
1941, el }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a al\uc1\u259Xturat Germaniei n lu
pta mpotriva }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Un
iunii Sovietice, iar la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27 iulie 1941, Basarabia si
nordul Bucovinei }\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {au fost reintegrate n Romnia.}\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {La solicitarea lui Hitler, maresalul Antonescu a acceptat continu
area }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259
Xzboiului dincolo de Nistru. Dup\uc1\u259X catastrofa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {de la Stalingrad }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {(februarie 1943), liderii politici romni - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {att
cei din opozi\uc1\u355Xie, ct si }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {cei afla\uc1\u355Xi la putere }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au ini\uc1\u355Xiat tratative diplomatice, viznd }\p
ar\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {scoaterea Romniei d
in r\uc1\u259Xzboi si ncheierea armisti\uc1\u355Xiului cu }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Na\uc1\u355Xiunile Unite. Negocier
ile nu au dat nici un rezultat, }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntruct Marea Britanic, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
UA si URSS }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deciseser\uc1\u259X ca Germania }\par\pa
rd\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si alia\uc1\u355Xii
s\uc1\u259Xi s\uc1\u259X capituleze necondi\uc1\u355Xionat n fa\uc1\u35
5Xa Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Unite. De asemenea, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele trei m
ari puteri }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conveniser\uc1\u259X ca }\par\pard\
li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u25
9X s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xcuvntul hot\uc1\u259Xrtor" n pr
ivin\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{statelor din zona central\uc1\u259X si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sud-est }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {european\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li2173\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin lovitura de stat de la 23 August
1944, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ini\uc1\u355Xiat\uc1\u259X de regele }
\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai, cu spriji
nul principalelor partide politice (PN\uc1\u354X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, P
NL, PSD }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si PCR)
, Romnia a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iesit din r\uc1\u259Xzboiul purtat al\uc
1\u259Xturi de Germania }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {si s-a al\uc1\u259Xturat Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor Unite. Guvernul sovietic \
uc1\u8222Xnu a luat }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {act" de cele petrecute la Bucuresti si a continuat s\uc1\u259X considere }\
par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia un stat ina
mic, pn\uc1\u259X la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {12 septembrie, cnd s-a ncheiat
}\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {armisti\uc1\u35
5Xiul. Conven\uc1\u355Xia de armisti\uc1\u355Xiu consemna ocuparea }\p
ar\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romniei de c\uc1\u2
59Xtre sovietici; nalta Comisie Aliat\uc1\u259X de Control, }\par\pard\li1640\ri

0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cu sediul la Bucuresti, con
trola, practic, ntreaga via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economic\uc1\u259X, social\uc1\u259X, polit
ic\uc1\u259X si cultural\uc1\u259X din \uc1\u355Xara noastr\uc1\u259X. }\fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Actul }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {de la 23 august 1944 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut o mare i
mportan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X interna\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, a }\par\pard\li164
0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {marcat pr\uc1\u259Xbusirea
frontului german din Balcani, a facilitat }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ofensiva sovietic\uc1\u259X si a dus Ia sc
urtarea r\uc1\u259Xzboiului n Europa. }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dictatul de la Viena din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {30 a
ugust 1940 a fost anulat, dar Basarabia si }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nordul Bucovinei au fost integrate Uniunii
Sovietice, }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
arCadrilaterul a r\uc1\u259Xmas la Bulgaria.}\par\pard\li2160\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca urmare a n\uc1\u355Xelegerilor secrete n
tre Marile Puteri }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {apar\uc1\u355Xinnd coali\uc1\u355Xiei Na\uc1\u355Xiunilor Unite, la sfrsit
ul r\uc1\u259Xzboiului }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {Uniunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X si-a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impus, tr
eptat, propriul ei regim politic n }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statele aflate n zona sa de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{influen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X: Bulgaria, Romnia, Polonia, }\par\pard\li1640\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, precum si n}\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsx
n666\margbsxn666\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl
880\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Albania, Iugoslavia, partea d
e r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit a Germaniei. La }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6 marti
e }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1945, n Romnia
s-a instalat guvernul }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xdemocrat-popular
'" }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condus de dr. }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Petru Groza; la 19 noiembrie 1946. }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foi\uc1\u355Xele guvernamentale si-au }\par\pard\l
i2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigurat victoria }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n alegerile parlamentare; la 29 iulie 1947, a
fost }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dizolvat
principalul partid }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din opozi\uc1\u355Xie (P
artidul Na\uc1\u355Xional-}\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u354X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnesc), iar la }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {30 decembrie 1947, regele }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihai a fost nevoi
t s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
bdice. Romnia r\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xsese ultima \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X din aceast
\uc1\u259X zon\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Europei cu un regim monarhic. De altfel, n acel an, }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {20 de }\par\pard\li2880\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {state europene aveau regim republican si numai 11 erau monarhi.}\par\par
d\li3400\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {Sovietizare si desovietizare}\b0 \par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Au urmat patru decenii de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\b {regim socialist totalitar. }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In 1948 Romnia }\
par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avea o popula
\uc1\u355Xie de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14,8 milioane locuitori, di
ntre care 87.4% }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {vorbitori de limba romn\uc1\u259X, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8,6%
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de maghiar\uc1\u259X, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {2,1% }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {german\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. Di
n februarie 1948 s-a instituit sistemul de guvernare pri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {parti
dul unic, a fost admis\uc1\u259X o singur\uc1\u259X ideologie (m
arxist-}\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {leninist
\uc1\u259X); s-a trecut la na\uc1\u355Xionalizarea industriei, b\uc1
\u259Xncilor, }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
ijloacelor de transport }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. Ulterior, au fost t
recute n proprietatea }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {statului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spitalele, cinematografele, o parte
a spa\uc1\u355Xiului loca}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tiv, n }\par\pard\li2866\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1949, s-a adoptat planul de colec
tivizare a agriculturii, care s-a ncheiat n }\par\pard\li2866\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1962.}\par\pard\li3400\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia economiei na\uc1\u355Xionale a fost
determinat\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {concep\uc1\u355Xia Partidului Muncitoresc Romn. Statul a concentrat }
\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n minile sale ntrea
ga avu\uc1\u355Xie na\uc1\u355Xional\uc1\u259X, fapt care i-a permis }\par\pard\
li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X realizeze m
ari investi\uc1\u355Xii. Acestea au fost ndreptate mai }\par\pard\li2853
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ales spre industrie, astfe
l c\uc1\u259X, pe ntreg cuprinsul \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, au }\par\p
ard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ap\uc1\u259Xrut mari u
zine si combinate, care asigurau prelucrarea }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {superioar\uc1\u259X a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{materiilor prime, precum si angajarea c}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elei mai ma
ri }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xr
\uc1\u355Xi a for\uc1\u355Xei de munc\uc1\u259X. La mijlocul anilor 'c3, Romnia a
}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {devenit o }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X industrial\uc1\u259X. }\
b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X ramur\uc1\u259X a economiei }\pa
r\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {avnd cea mai m
are contribu\uc1\u355Xie la formarea produsului }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {social si a venitului na\uc1\u355Xional.
}\par\pard\li3386\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In anii '70,
s-a trecut la construirea unor mari complexe agro-}\par\pard\li2
853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zootehnice, organizate pe
principii industriale, dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {modelul american. Pentru satisfacerea nevoilor de
locuin\uc1\u355Xe }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {s-au construit, n aproape toate }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orasele, cartiere
noi, cu blocuri de }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {patru-zece etaje; apartamentele erau repartizate gratuit \uc1\u8
222Xoamenilor }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
uncii". La sfrsitul anilor '50, s-au }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desfii
n\uc1\u355Xat taxele scolare, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntul devenind gratuit de la sc
oala primar\uc1\u259X pn\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {universitate. S-au construit scoli, spitale, ca
se de cultur\uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xcentre civice" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc. A fost
lichidat analfabetismul, au fost eradicate boli }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sociale, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {precum
malaria si pneumonia, s-a realizat }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electrificarea \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, a sporit ni
velul de cultur\uc1\u259X si de civiliza\uc1\u355Xie }\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al tuturor cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenilor R
omniei.}\par\pard\li3373\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n plan }\f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {social, }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntre 1948-19
53. s-a promovat o pol}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {itic\uc1\u259X extrem de }\pa
r\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dur\uc1\u259X fa\u

c1\u355X\uc1\u259X de burghezie si mosierime, considerate \uc1\u8222
Xclase }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reac\uc1
\u355Xionare si exploatatoare". Cet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xenii apar\uc1\u35
5Xinnd acestor }\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{categorii sociale au fost expropria\uc1\u355Xi, iar}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpag
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\pard\l
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mul\uc1\u355Xi dintre ei trimisi n nchisori. Statul a
promovat o politic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {de \uc1\u8222Xnivelare" a veniturilor, stabilindu-se prin leg
e propor\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {de }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5:1 ntre veniturile cele mai mari
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si veniturile cele mai mici. }\par\pard\l
i1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Deosebit de afectat\uc1
\u259X a fost \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259Xnimea; pierzndu-si }\par\par
d\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xmntiii, o
bun\uc1\u259X parte a acesteia a fost nevoit\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X
ia }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {drumul o
raselor, angajndu-se n fabrici, pe santiere de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {construc\uc1\u355Xie }\fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {etc., }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntruct cstigurile realizate n Go
spod\uc1\u259Xriile }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Agricole Colective (devenite, n }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1966, }\fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Cooperative Agricole de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Produc\uc1\u355Xie) erau foarte mici. Mul\uc1\u355X
i \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrani, devenind muncitori, }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {au primit locuin\uc1\u355Xe n oras, schimbndu-si
statutul social, ntre }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {1948-1953, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o c
ampanie extrem de dur\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva \uc1\u8222Xintelectualit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii bu
rgheze". Principala acuza\uc1\u355Xie era }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceea c\uc1\u259X promovase na\uc1\u355Xionalis
mul si avusese o atitudine }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {antisovietic\uc1\u259X. Sub conducerea trio}\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {-ului }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ana Pauker-Iosif }\par\p
ard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chisinevschi-Leonte
R\uc1\u259Xutu s-a desf\uc1\u259Xsurat o ac\uc1\u355Xiune de }\par\par
d\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {epurare a intelectua
lilor \uc1\u8222Xburghezi" din toate institu\uc1\u355Xiile }\par\pard\li
1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {publice, n primul rnd, din nv\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmnt. In locul lor au fost }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adusi tineri scoli\uc1\u355Xi n Un
iunea Sovietic\uc1\u259X, educa\uc1\u355Xi n spiritul }\par\pard\li1973\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xinterna\uc1\u355Xionalis
mului proletar". Dup\uc1\u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1960, s-a }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nregistrat o }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tendin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de revenire la valor
ile na\uc1\u355Xionale, inclusiv prin }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xrecuperarea" unor personalit\uc1\u25
9X\uc1\u355Xi, reintegrate n institute de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cercetare si universit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi.}\
par\pard\li2493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru intelect
ualii romni, ngr\uc1\u259Xdirea libert\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii de }\par\pard
\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gndire si exprimare,
impunerea unei ideologii oficiale, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limitarea dreptului de c\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u259Xtorie n
str\uc1\u259Xin\uc1\u259Xtate au constituit }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dificult\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi majore n calea proprie

i realiz\uc1\u259Xri. Totusi, nvingnd }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {numeroasele greut\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, acestia au continua
t s\uc1\u259X mbog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeasc\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {patrimoniul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
stiin\uc1\u355Xei si culturii }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {na\uc1\u355Xional
e si universale, ntre }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {acestia: medicii C.I. Parhon, Ana Asian, Daniel Danielopolu, T
heodor }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Burghele
; matematicienii Tudor V. lonescu, Grigore C. Moisil, M iron }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nicolescu, Dan
Barbilian; specialistii n stiin\uc1\u355Xe te}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {hnice Elie }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Carafbli, Octav }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Doicescu; istoricii Constan
tin C. Giurescu, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Andrei O\uc1\u355Xetea, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {David Prodan; s
criitorii Mihail Sadoveanu, Tudor }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arghezi, Marin Preda, Eugen Barbu, }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Nicolae Labis, Marin Sorescu, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nichita St\uc1\u259Xnescu; criticii si istoricii lit
erari }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {George }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C\uc1\u
259Xlinescu, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tu
dor Vianu, Perpessicius; pictorii Corneliu Baba, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Alexandru }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Ciucurencu, Ion Tuculescu; sculptorii Gheorghe Anghel, Ion Irim
escu; }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regizorii
Liviu Ciulei, Lucian Pintilie: actorii Lucia Sturza-Bulandra, }\p
ar\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grigore Vasiliu-Bi
rlic, Radu Beligan; muzicienii George Geo }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yescu, }\
par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {losif Conta; arhi
tec\uc1\u355Xii Octav Doicescu, Cezar L\uc1\u259Xz\uc1\u259Xrescu }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {etc. }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Chiar n condi\uc1\u355Xiile restric\uc1\u355Xiilor impuse de regim, mul\uc1
\u355Xi dintre }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
acestia au participat la conferin\uc1\u355Xe si congrese }\par\pard\l
i1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interna\uc1\u355Xionale,
la concursuri si festivaluri, ob\uc1\u355Xin}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nd
succese }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {notabil
e.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Via\uc1\u35
5Xa politic\uc1\u259X }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intern\uc1\u259X a cunosc
ut o perioad\uc1\u259X de crunt\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {represiune }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpotriva ad
versarilor regimului (1948-1953), dar si de }\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {relaxare (1960-1974). Timp de un deceniu
(1946-1956), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte mul\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li1
973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni au tr\uc1\u259Xit cu}\pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margts
xn666\margbsxn666\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2573\ri0\s
2573\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {speran\uc1\u355Xa c\uc1\u259
X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xn curnd vin americanif\\ }\i0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {care aveau s\uc1\u259X-i elibereze }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de sub ocupa\uc1\u355Xia sovietic\u
c1\u259X. De aceea, unii dintre ei s-au }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {angajat ntr-o energic\uc1\u259X lupt\u
c1\u259X mpotriva regimului si a }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ocupan\uc1\u355Xilor sovietici, inclusiv printr-o
rezisten\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X armata n }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mun\uc1\u355Xi. Evenimentele din Ungari}\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {a, din 1956, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cnd Occidentul nu }\par\
pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a intervenit pentru a

ap\uc1\u259Xra poporul din aceast\uc1\u259X \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X, care se }\p
ar\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ridicase mpotriva o
cupa\uc1\u355Xiei sovietice, i-au convins pe romni }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xamericanii" erau
n\uc1\u355Xelesi cu sovieticii asupra mp\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xirii }\par\p
ard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sferelor de influe
n\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si de domina\uc1\u355Xie}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ a lumii. A }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {urmat o }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222Xmp\uc1\u259Xcare" ntre cet\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xeni si regim, mul\uc1\u355Xi dintre adversarii }\par\pard\li25
73\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunismului devenind \uc1
\u8222Xcolabora\uc1\u355Xionisti". La rndul s\uc1\u259Xu. }\par\pard\li2573
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimul de la Bucuresti a c\uc1\
u259Xp\uc1\u259Xtat tot mai mult o }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcol
oratur\uc1\u259X }\i0 \par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {na\uc1\u355Xionalei', }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales dup
\uc1\u259X ce Gheorghiu-Dej a reusit s\uc1\u259X-1 }\par\pard\li2573\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conving\uc1\u259X pe N.S.Hrusci
ov s\uc1\u259X retrag\uc1\u259X tmpele }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sovie
tice din }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romni
a (1958). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,J)eclara\uc1\u355Xia" }\i0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Partidului Muncitoresc Romn, din }\par\pard\li2573\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aprilie 1964, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {a fost interpretat\uc1\u259X n Occident ca un act de }\par
\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {independen\uc1\u355X
\uc1\u259X a \uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii noastre fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de Uniunea S
ovietic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li3080\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {A unnat o perioad\uc1\u259X n care Romnia a devenit extrem }\par\pard\li2560\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de activ\uc1\u259X pe plan i
nterna\uc1\u355Xional, dobndind un real }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {prestigiu, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1967,
ministrul de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {externe, Corneliu M\uc1\u259Xnescu
, a }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost ales
presedintele Adun\uc1\u259Xrii Generale a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ONU. n 1968, }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Nicolae Ceausescu a condamnat energic interven\uc1\u355Xia trup}\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {elor }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {a cinci state membre ale Tratatului de la Varsovia n Cehoslovacia. Se }\par\p
ard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cuvine men\uc1\u355X
ionat faptul c\uc1\u259X Romnia a fost prima \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u259X
}\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {socialist\uc1\
u259X (dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {URSS) }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {care a stabilit rela\uc1\u355Xii diplomatice cu }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl
-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R.F. Germania, a fost singurul stat mem
bru al Tratatului de la }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Varsovia care nu a rupt rela\uc1\u355Xiile diplomatice cu Israelul dup\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1
\u259Xzboiul de sase zile }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(1967) si a contribuit la
realizarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xcii ntre }\par\pard\li2560\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Israel si Egipt, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1978. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Capitala Romniei a fost vizitat
\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
ele mai mari personalit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi politice ale vremii (presedin\uc1\
u355Xii }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {SUA. }
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xei. }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Germ
aniei, URSS. R.P. Chineze, Italiei etc.), iar Nicolae }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ceausescu a fost ntmpinat cu t
oate onorurile la Washington, Paris. }\par\pard\li2560\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bonn, Moscova, Beijing, Londra, Cairo, Tel Aviv, N
ew Delhi etc.}\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bu

curndu-se de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncrederea Occidentului, Romnia a reusit }
\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X ob\u
c1\u355Xin\uc1\u259X importante mprumuturi externe, pe baza c\uc1\u259Xrora }\par
\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si-a retehnologiza
t }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economia, n special industria, n anii
'60-'70, }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia
producea tractoare, avioane, elicoptere, autoturisme, locomotive }\par\pard\li2
546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {electrice,}\fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 { televizoare, combine de recoltat cereale, turbine }\par\pa
rd\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hidroelectrice, cazan
e cu abur, o\uc1\u355Xeluri speciale }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele mai }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {multe sub licen\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {- la nivelul tehnicii mondiale.}\par\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evolu\uc1\u355Xia pozitiv\uc1\u259X a politicii in
terne si externe a }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Romniei s-a diminuat treptat, pe m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X ce
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {c}\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ultul }\b0
\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {personalit\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\b0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui Nicolae Ceausescu
lua amploare, n 1980, }\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {presedintele N. Ceausescu a decis ca Romnia s\uc1\u259X-si achite }\
par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rapid si inte
gral datoria extern\uc1\u259X, pentru a nu mai oferi }\par\pard\li
2546\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {statelor }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {capitaliste pretextul de a se amesteca n treburile sale interne, }\par
\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales n}\par\pard\
0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu respe
ctarea drepturilor omului. Aceast\uc1\u259X hot\uc1\u259Xrre, }\par\pard\li1786\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care s-a aplicat }\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ncepnd cu 1981, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a avut consecin\uc1\u355X
e catastrofale }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
pentru poporul romn; s-a trecut la un export masiv, inclusiv }\par\pard\li1786\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al produselor de prim\uc1\u259X
necesitate, fapt ce a creat o grav\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {criz\uc1\u259X alimentar\uc1\u259X
si energetic\uc1\u259X. Starea de nemul\uc1\u355Xumire s-a }\par\pard\
li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalizat, iar dorin\uc1
\u355Xa ca Nicolae Ceausescu s\uc1\u259X fie nl\uc1\u259Xturat }\par\pard\li1786\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din fruntea partidului }\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {si a statului a devenit tot mai vie. n forme diverse }\par\par
d\li1786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- ncepnd de la banc
uri si }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {poezii cu aluzii critice la adr
esa }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regimului,
si pn\uc1\u259X la trimiterea de scrisori si difuzarea lor la }\par\pard\li1786\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posturile de radio \uc1\u82
22XEuropa Liber\uc1\u259X" si \uc1\u8222XVocea Americii" }\par\pard\li17
86\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
romnii si exprimau dorin\uc1\u355Xa de a lichida regimul socialist}\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalitar.}\par
\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Criza acestui re
gim a devenit tot mai evident\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mijlocul anilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {'80, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ea fiind puternic alimentat\uc1
\u259X de }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sch
imbarea raportului de for\uc1\u355Xe pe plan mondial. Uniunea }\par
\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sovietic\uc1\u259X a

intrat ntr-un declin dramatic, iar ncercarea }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui }\
par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mihail S. Gorbaci
ov, instalat la putere, n 1985, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de a redresa situa\u
c1\u355Xia a }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {es
uat. Faptul c\uc1\u259X liderul de la Kremlin a declarat c\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {URSS nu }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {va mai }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interveni cu for\uc1\u355Xa n stat
ele socialiste -pentru a sus\uc1\u355Xine }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un anumit regim sau pe anumi\uc1\u355Xi lideri poli\u
c1\u355Xiei }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {contri
buit }\par\pard\li1786\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la amplifi
carea misc\uc1\u259Xrilor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democratice din aceste st
ate.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f) Revolu\u
c1\u355Xie si reform\uc1\u259X}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {n 1989, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a declansat o miscare avnd
la baz\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {.principiul }\i0 \par\pard\li1
773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {dominoitht", }\i0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {adic\uc1\u259X nl\uc1\u259Xturarea, rnd pe rnd, a re
gimului }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {totalit
ar din statele europene, n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rom}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {nia, valul schimb\uc1\u259Xrii a }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ajuns n decembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989, cn
d sute de mii de }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romni au iesit n }\par\pard\li1773\
ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {strad\uc1\u259X, cernd nl\uc1\u
259Xturarea lui Ceausescu si libertate. }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dictatorul a fost nevoit s\uc1\u259X
abandoneze puterea, la }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22 }\par\pard\li1773\ri
0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decembrie, iar la 25 }\fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {decembrie, dup\uc1\u259X un simulacru de proces}\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {, a }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
fost condamnat la moarte si }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {executat. Re
volu\uc1\u355Xia din Romnia a }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {luat o form\uc1\u259X violent\uc1\u259X, sngeroas\uc1\u259X,
peste o mie de oameni }\par\pard\li1773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {pierzndu-si via\uc1\u355Xa.}\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Evenimentele din decembrie 1989 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {r\uc1\u259Xmn nc\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xn cea\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X"; }\par
\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {foarte controversat
\uc1\u259X este mai ales problema \uc1\u8222Xteroristilor", }\par\pard\li1760\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care puteau s\uc1\u259X trag\
uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xdin orice pozi\uc1\u355Xii", f\uc1\u259Xcnd }\par\par
d\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {numeroase victime, d
ar care nu au fost identifica\uc1\u355Xi. De }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl
-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asemenea, nu se poate spune cu certitud
ine care este cauza }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {real\uc1\u259X a faptului c\uc1\u259X N.Ceausescu a fost singurul sef de st
at }\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din fostul l
ag\uc1\u259Xr socialist care a sfrsit n fa\uc1\u355Xa plutonului de }\par\pard\li1
760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {execu\uc1\u355Xie.}\par\pard\
li2280\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Exist\uc1\u259X multe ntreb
\uc1\u259Xri f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xspuns: S\uc1\u259X fi fost aceast
a o }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {replic\uc1\
u259X pentru sfid\uc1\u259Xrile la adresa Uniunii Sovietice si a
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Occidentului, m
ai ales. din ultimii ani ai \uc1\u8222Xepocii Ceausescu"? }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\
sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S\uc1\u259X fi fost pedeapsa \uc1\u82
22Xmeritat\uc1\u259X" pentru achitarea integral\uc1\u259X a }\par\pard\li1746\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {datoriei externe a Romniei
(n aprilie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989), }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p
rin care el }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100

{urm\uc1\u259Xrea s\uc1\u259X mpiedice orice amestec str\uc1\u259Xin n treburile i
nterne }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale Romni
ei? S\uc1\u259X fi fost gelozia pentru prestigiul interna\uc1\u355Xional }\par\p
ard\li1746\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe care-1 dobndise, n an
ii}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { '70?}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S\uc1\u259X
fi}\par\pard\li7760\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7760\ri0\sl-240\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {213}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage































\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost o lec\uc1\u355X
ie pentru to\uc1\u355Xi cei care ar mai promova na\uc1\u355Xionalismul }\par\par
d\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ca politic\uc1\u259X d
e stat? S\uc1\u259X fi stiut el prea multe si de aceea a }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuit mpiedicat s\uc1\u259X vo
rbeasc\uc1\u259X n timpul unui proces }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {autentic? Sau poate s\uc1\u259X nu lase m\uc1\u259
X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rturiile sale asupra celor }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {pe care }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
-a cunoscut de-a lungul timpului'? Pe de alt\uc1\u259X parte, cum se }\par\pard\
li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {explic\uc1\u259X faptul c\
uc1\u259X Revolu\uc1\u355Xia romn\uc1\u259X a fost transmis\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xn
direct" }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {la tel
eviziune, iar }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mass-media }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {occidental\uc1\u259X si-a focalizat aten\uc1\u355Xia }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spre cele petrecute la Bucures}\fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ti? }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S\uc1\u259X existe vreo
leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X cu }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {faptul c\uc1\u259X exact n acele zile a avut loc o interven\uc1\u3
55Xie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a SUA }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntr-}\par\p
ard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o \uc1\u355Xar\uc1\u
259X latino-american\uc1\u259X, n urma c\uc1\u259Xreia au murit apr
oape }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20.000 }\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de oameni? Sau poate s\uc1\u259X se arate ct de sngeros
i si }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primitivi
sunt romnii'? Aceste ntreb\uc1\u259Xri, si multe altele, si }\par\pard
\li2773\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vor afla r\uc1\u259Xspuns
ul peste mul\uc1\u355Xi ani, cnd }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {principalii actori
politici }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din 1
989 }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu vor mai fi n via\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X si cnd s
e vor }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deschide arhivele }\par\pard\li2773\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {secrete din Romnia, din Rusia, SUA, }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xa }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc.}\par\pa
rd\li3293\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X 1}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {989, Romnia - ca si celelalte state foste socialiste din Eur
opa - }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cunoscut o perioad\uc1\u259X de tranzi\uc1\u355Xi
e de la dictatur\uc1\u259X la }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {democra\uc1\u355Xie. A fost un proces }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {complex si mult mai dificil dect si-au }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {imaginat cei care au salutat cu entuziasm \uc
1\u8222Xlichidarea comunismului", fiind }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {convin}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si c\uc1\u259X intra
ser\uc1\u259X ntr-o ej jc\uc1\u259X de \uc1\u8222Xbun\uc1\u259Xstare si fericire"
. A }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fost o grav
\uc1\u259X iluzie, urmat\uc1\u259X de o crunt\uc1\u259X dezam\uc1\u259Xgire.}\pa
r\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {In Romnia, lupta pol
itic\uc1\u259X a luat, nc\uc1\u259X de la nceputul }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-240\sl

mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lui }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1990, un c
urs violent, spiritul negativist - }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materializat n
lozinca }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
222XJos"!, lansat\uc1\u259X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { de }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {partidele din opozi\uc1\u355Xie si de o seam\uc1\u259X
de }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intelectuali
, care s-au erijat n singurii purt\uc1\u259Xtori de cuvnt }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\s
l-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ai \uc1\u8222Xsociet\uc1\u259X\uc1\u
355Xii civile" }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
dus la dezorganizarea ntregii vie\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li2760\ri0\sl226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {economice si sociale.}\par\pard\li3266\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cteva date statistice pot fi semnif
icative:}\par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Structura popula\uc1\u355Xiei ocupate, pe activit\u
c1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi }\i0 \par\pard\li3266\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {economice, n}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {2000}\i0 \par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\c
olw4400\colsr-0\colno2\colw7040\pard\li3240\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {\uc1\u354Xara}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx1240
\*\tx2160\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {agricultura}\i0 \tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i \ul {industrie}\i0 \ul0 \tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {comer\uc1\u3
55X, turism}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
93\colsr-0\colno4\colw4346\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Romnia}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulg
aria}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria}\pa
r\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Polonia}\par\pard\l
i2800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grecia}\par\pard\li2813\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xa}\par\column\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {42.7}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {26,6}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {7.1}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {19,1}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17.5}\
par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.7}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {22,4}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
26\slmult0 \*\tx693\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25,0}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {13,2}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {27,4}\par
\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {25.1}\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15,9}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {20,0}\par\column\pard\li26\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9.8}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {17.1}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.2
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23,1}\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.8}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li3613\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Produsul na\uc1\u355Xional brut pe locuitor, n }\i
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1999}\i0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1224
0\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4600\colsr-0\colno2\colw6
840\pard\li3213\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u354Xara}\
i0 \par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia}\par\pa
rd\li2813\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bulgaria}\par\pard\li28
13\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ungaria}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Polonia}\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-226\sl
mult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Grecia}\par\pard\li2813\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fran\uc1\u355Xa}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {valoarea n dolari}\i0 \par\pard\li520\ri0\sl-226\s
lmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.441}\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs2
0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.070}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {11.050}\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {8.390}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.800}\

par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {23.020}\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sect
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Parafrazndu-1 pe Nae lonescu, se poate spune
c}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u259X, dup\uc1\u259X }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1989, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ro
mnii au cstigat dreptul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {,j\uc1\u259X njure", }\i0 \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {adic\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X critice pe oricine, }\par\p
ard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {inclusiv }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {pe seful statului. Dar foarte rapid, liderii politici s-au obisn
uit cu }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u
8222Xnoul stiT, }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {astfel c\uc1\u259X vechi
ul adagiu }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xcinii latr\uc1\u259X,
caravana }\i0 \par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
merge nainte" }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a devenit mai ac}\fs18\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {tual ca oricnd. Corup\uc1\u355Xia s-a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {generalizat, structurile mafiote s-au
infiltrat n toate }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {domeniile si, n special, n economie. Spiritul distructiv s-a
}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manifestat si n
domeniile nv\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului, stiin\uc1\u355Xei si culturii,
}\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n procesul de }\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diabolizare a }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u82
22Xregimului ceausist" }\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s-a acreditat ideea }\pa
r\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X, din ca
uza cenzurii }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a refuzului }\fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xintelectualilor autentici" }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{de a }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {face c
oncesii comunismului, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu s-au publicat luc
r\uc1\u259Xri valoroase, }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {deoarece ele au fost p\uc1\u259Xstrate }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
i {\uc1\u8222Xn sertar}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {". }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Dup\uc1\u259X mai mult de }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {un deceniu, s-a constatat c\uc1\u259X mult evocate
le }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xc\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi de }\i0
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {sertar' }\i0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu au ap\uc1\u259Xrut, pentru simplul fapt
c\uc1\u259X ele nu au }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {existat. Cei care au avut ceva de spus n domeniul stiin\uc1\u355X
ei si }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {culturii
au g\uc1\u259Xsit modalitatea de a o }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {face si sub }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8222Xvechiul regim \\ }\i0 \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Tot }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
i sunt aceia care au asigurat, dup}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u259X }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1989, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dezvolta
rea }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nv\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xmntului, stiin\uc1\u355Xei si culturii. Evident, lor li s-au
ad\uc1\u259Xugat }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{tinerii, forma\uc1\u355Xi n ultimul deceniu si care dovedesc o real\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dorin\uc1\u355X\
uc1\u259X de afirmare n domeniul specialit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii pe
care o }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {profes
eaz\uc1\u259X. Impostorii, extrem de g\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u259Xgiosi, n anii}\fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 { '90, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncep }\par\pard\li1960\ri0
\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fie marginaliza\uc1\u355
Xi.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La nceputul s
ecolului al XX-lea, Romnia si-a ameliorat }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sim\uc1\u355Xitor statutul interna\uc1\u355Xional. Din

ianuarie }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2002, }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {romnii
pot }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X
l\uc1\u259Xtori n spa\uc1\u355Xiul }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Schengen }\
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X vize, n noiembrie }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2002 }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Romnia a fost invitat\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X adere la NATO, iar negoc
ierile de }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {intra
re n Uniunea European\uc1\u259X s-au accelerat, urmnd ca }\par\pard\l
i1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acest obiectiv s\uc1\u259X
fie atins n }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2007.}\par\pard\li2480\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Romnia particip\uc1\u259X la ac\uc1\u355Xiuni
de men\uc1\u355Xinere a p\uc1\u259Xcii n }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\
slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Afganistan, Irak, Kosovo si n alte
zone ale lumii, fiind o }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {component\uc1\u259X important\uc1\u259X la lupta mpotri
va terorismului }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {interna\uc1\u355Xional, care a devenit o constant\uc1\u259X a v
ie\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
interna\uc1\u355Xionale dup\uc1\u259X 11 septembrie }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{2001.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La scara
istoriei, un secol nu reprezint\uc1\u259X foarte mult. Dar, }\par\pard\li1946\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n condi\uc1\u355Xiile acceler\uc1
\u259Xrii progresului tehnic, ale micsor\uc1\u259Xrii }\par\pard\li1946\
ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {distan\uc1\u355X}\fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {elor ca urmare a }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {utiliz\uc1\u259
Xrii intensive a mijloacelor de }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comunica\uc1\u355Xie modern\uc1\u259X (tren, auto
mobil, avion si, n ultimii }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ani. Internet), ale interconexiunilor si globaliz\uc1\u259Xrii
, un secol }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
istorie poate \uc1\u8222Xnmagazina" experien\uc1\u355Xe si realiz\uc1\u259Xri pen
tru }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {care alt\uc
1\u259Xdat\uc1\u259X era}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { nevoie de sute si chiar mi
i de ani. Secolul al XX-lea a }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {fost pen}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tru romni bogat n experien\u
c1\u355Xe si realiz\uc1\u259Xri, dar si n }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nfrngeri si insuccese.}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n fond. Romnia a mers. n tot acest secol, \uc1\u822
2Xn pas cu Europa", din }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {care nu a ncetat nici o clip\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X fac\uc
1\u259X parte. Potrivit }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {recens\uc1\u259Xmntului din }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {martie
2002, Romnia avea 21,7 milioane }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {locuitori, dintre care 89,5% romni si 10,5% }\fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {minorit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi na\uc1\u355Xionale }\par\p
ard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(6,6% maghiari, 2,5%
}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u355Xigani }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etc
.). }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dincolo de unele insatisfac\uc1\u355Xii, }\par
\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xmne faptul
c\uc1\u259X Romnia este un stat care, prin suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\par
d\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si num\uc1\u259Xrul
de locuitori, prin bog\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xiile sale materiale si }\p
ar\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spirituale, prin t
radi\uc1\u355Xia sa istoric\uc1\u259X, are certe perspective de a-}\par\pard\li1
946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si aduce propria contribu\uc1
\u355Xie la dezvoltarea general\uc1\u259X a Europei }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-226
\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {si a lumii n secolul al XXI-lea.}\par\pard\l
i7946\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {215}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sb
kpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn666\co
ls2\colno1\colw4706\colsr-0\colno2\colw6733\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
0\b {1. Documente}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {BIBLIOGRAFIE SELECTIVA
}\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Scurtu loan.}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia si
Marile Puteri (1918-1933). Documente, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura}
\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Funda\uc1\u355Xi
ei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia de Mine, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Bucuresti, 1999. Scurtu loan. }\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia si Marile Puteri (1933-1940). Documente, }\i0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura}\par\pard\li3493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Funda\uc1\u355Xiei }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia de
Mine, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bucuresti, 2000. Scurtu loan }\par\
pard\li2973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(coordonator), Theodo
ra }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {St\uc1\u259Xnescu-Stanciu, Georgiana}\par\pard\l
i3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Margareta
Scurtu, }{ }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Istoria romnilor ntre anii 1918-1940.}\i0 \p
ar\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Documente si
materiale, }\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura Universit\uc1\u259X\u
c1\u355Xii din }\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Bucuresti,}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Buc
uresti, 2001.}\par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3466\ri0\
sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {Lucr\uc1\u259Xri}\b0 \par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li2946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Istoria romnilor, voi. V
ili. Romnia ntregit\uc1\u259X }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {(1918-1940). }\i0
\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Coordonator:}\p
ar\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {loan }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Scurtu, Editura Enciclopedic\uc1\u259X, Bucuresti,}{ }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {2003. }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Giurescu Dinu C., }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Romnia n al doilea r\uc1
\u259Xzboi mondial }\i0 \par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {(1939-1945).}\i0 \par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Editura AII, Bucuresti, 1999.}\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Hobsbawn Eric, }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Secolul e
xtremelor,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura Lider. Bucuresti, [1997].
}\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Scurtu loan, Al
exandrescu Ion, Bulei Ion, Mamina Ion, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Encicloped
ia de}\i0 \par\pard\li3466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {isto
rie a Romniei,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura Meronia. Bucuresti, 200
1. Scurtu loan, }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Buzatu Gheorghe. }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Istoria romnilor n secolul XX, }\
i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Paidea, Bucuresti, 1999. Soulet, Jean-Franois, }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {Istoria }\i0 \par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {comparat\uc1\u259X a statelor comuniste din }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {1945}\i0 \par\pard\li3426\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {pn\uc1\u259X n zilele noastre, }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editu
ra Polirom, Bucuresti, 1998. Stoica }\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Stan, }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Dic\uc1\u355Xionarul p
artidelor politice din Romnia. }\i0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {1989-}\i0 \pa
r\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {2001.}\i0 \par\pa

rd\li3453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Editura Meronia, Bucure
sti, 2001.}\par}

Scurtu Ioan Istoria A A Romaniei 19182005

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Scurtu Ioan Istoria A A Romaniei 19182005

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