Date: 09/08/2010 Sub: Evolution in Health and Disease.

Summary

Antibiotic resistance causes millions of deaths each year. Almost all infections could be controlled, but finding an effective antibiotic because of widespread drug resistance typically requires several days. With critically ill patients in the hospitality, the physician cannot wait for any type of results before attempting to control an infection. The doctors try several types of techniques with help of some or more antibiotic combinations. These empiric antibiotic combinations fail most of cases. Since the discovery and subsequent widespread use of antibiotics, a variety of bacterial species of human and animal origin have developed numerous mechanisms that render bacteria resistant to some, and in certain cases to nearly all antibiotics. There are many important pathogens that are resistant to multiple antibiotic classes and infections caused by use of multiple medications organisms are limiting treatment options and compromising some kind of therapy. So the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in bacterial populations is a relevant field of study in molecular and evolutionary biology, and in medical practice. Antimicrobial resistance is spread of the resistance gene and chemical mechanism of gene. Agricultural use of antibiotics is used to treat and prevent infectious bacterial diseases in humans and in domestic and foodproducing animals. If bacteria become resistant, the antibiotics become ineffective. Sometimes antibiotics are use for treating infection. Although early antibiotic administration is cause lots of problems because of lack of antibiotic usage information and education. In early time antibiotics usage reduces mortality in patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteremias. Hospital setting sometimes patients with severe infections due to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

From:

Stuti Shah.