International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0974-2832, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/29954; VoL.

IV * ISSUE-39

April, 2012

inqeyky&iqUukyky c['kh fgUnh lkfgR; o [kM+h cksyh ds {ks=

esa ,d lQy lkfgR;dkj dk uke gSA vkt mudk uke lkfgR;
ds iUuks ij fiNs NqV pyk gS mudk ys[ku vc bfrgkl dk
ys[ku cudj jg x;k gS] fdarq fgUnh lkfgR; ds fy, muds
viwoZ ;kssxnku dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkA c['khth ewyr% ,d
fuca/kdkj ds :i esa tkus tkrs gS fdarq mUgksaus fgUnh lkfgR;
dh fofHkUu fof/k;ks esa viuh ys[kuh pykbZA fuca/kks ds lkFk&lkFk
mUgksusa ukVd] ,dkadh] miU;kl] dgkuh] Mk;jh vkfnA fo/kkvks
esa Hkh viuh ys[kuh pykbZ gSA c['khth ds lkfgR; esa mudh
ekuoh; thou n`f"V dk ifjp; feyrk gSA
lgtrk] ljyrk o xaHkhj fpUru muds O;fDrRo
dh fo'ks"krk jgh gSA ,d lQy lkfgR;dkj ds lkFk&lkFk
c['khth ,d lQy f'k{kd jgs gSA QyLo:i budk laiw.kZ
thou fl)karks ij vk/kkfjr uSfrdrk o ekuork dks vkRelkr
fd, gq, ,d lar dh HkkWfr jgk gSA mudh lEiw.kZ lkfgR; ;k=k
lk/kuke; jghA c['kh th dh thoup;kZ ,d lQy lkfgR;dkj
ds fy, vkn'kZ ,oa izsj.kkL=ksr jgh gSA lkfgR; lk/kuk esa yhu
c['khth dk ;ksxnku lkfgR; o lekt ds fy, viwoZ gSA
c['khth us viuh lkfgR; ;k=k i| ls izkjaHk dj
x| dh vksj c<+kbZ] vr% muds fuca/kks esa dfork fuc) gksdj
mUgsa ljlrk iznku djrh gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd c['khth
ds fuca/k vkReijd gSA ;gh vkReijdrk dk xq.k c['khth
dks vU; fuca/kdkjks ls i`Fkd djrk gSA O;fDrRo dh ljyrk
fopkjks dh xaHkhjrk rFkk fuLi`grk Li"V gSA vkRedFkkRed
fuca/k 'kSyh esa jpukRedrk ds lkFk&lkFk c['khth ds O;fDrRo
dh xaHkhjrk Li"V gksrh gSA
vf/kdka'kr% c['khth ds fuca/k Hkkoiz/kku gSA
ftlesa ljlrk gS tks ikBd ds g`n; rd igqaprh gSA c['khth
ds thou ds O;kid vuqHko mudh dYiuk'khyrk] fparu dh
xgjkbZ muds d`frRo esa Li"V gSA mUgksaus thou&txr dh
lPpkbZ dks vuqHkwfr vkSj fpUru dh dlkSVh ij ij[kk gS
rRi'pkr~ vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA c['khth vkReifj{kk dh n`f"V
ls [kjs mrjrs gSA c['khth ds fuca/k izk;% Hkkoiz/kku gS rn~uq:i
g`n;Li'khZ gS ;s lgt lEizs"; rks gS gh ljlrk ls Hkh laEi`Dr
gSA dYiuk'khyrk buds d`frRo ds dkj.k gS rFkk fopkj buds
O;kid Kku vuqHko ls izlwr vkSj vkpafydrk ifjos'kxr
yksdthou ls mnHkwrA1- c['khth us vius vkRedFkkRed
fuca/kks esa u dsoy vius eu esa mBus okys Hkkoks dks fy[kk gS
SHODH, SAMIKSHA

vfirq euksHkkoks ds ewy esa fNis vkRefpUru vkReLe`fr ,oa

vkReLej.k dks xgjkbZ ls mrkjk Hkh gSA vkRedFkkRed fuca/k
'kSyh esa jpukRedrk ds lkFk&lkFk c['khth ds O;fDrRo dh
xaHkhjrk] ljyrk mudk fparu rFkk fopkjks dh fuLi`grk Li"V
gksrh gSA bu vFkksZ esa c['khth us fgUnh fuca/k lkfgR; dks ubZ
fn'kk iznku dhA
c['khth ds fuca/kks esa thou lca/kh vusd fp=
fpf=r gq, gSA tSls fd vkReij[k fuca/kks dk fo"k; Loa;
fuca/kdkj gh gksrk gSA vius O;rhr fd;s gq;s ,d&,d {k.k]
,d&,d NksVh ls NksVh ?kVuk ys[kd ds ekul iVy ij
mHkjrh tkrh gSA ftls fuca/kdkj fuca/k ds ek/;e ls vU; iq:"k
ds le{k j[krk gSA c['khth ds fuca/kks esa vkReij[krk dk xq.k
D;ks gS\ bl lanHkZ esa ns[ks rks 'kk;n ;g mudh :fp ds ihNs
mudk viuk dksbZ fl)kar gh gSA bl fo"k; esa mudk ;g
m/nj.k Li"V gSA esjs d"Vks vkSj vlQyrkvks es vkn'kZ dh
dksbZ xfjek ugha gSA esjs lq[k vkSj xkSjo esa Hkko dh mPprk
ugha gS] rks Hkh eSus ;g fu'p; fd;k gS fd vkt ls eS vius
gh thou dh dFkk fy[kk d:aA ckr ;g gS fd esjh bZPNk gS
fd yksx lk/kkj.k euq";ks dh {kwnz ckrks dks Hkh muds ;FkkFkZ :i
esa ns[ksA2c['kh th ds fc[kjs iUus uked fuca/k laxzg dks
NksM+dj 'ks"k lHkh fuca/k vkRe ij[k fuca/k gh gSA tgka c['kh
th ds Lo dh izfr"Bk gSA c['kh th vius fuca/kks es izk;% lHkh
leqnk;] oxZ ds ik=ks dh ppkZ djrs gSA NksVs&cM+s Lotuks]
fe=ks] lg;ksfx;ks] fo|kfFkZ;ks lHkh ds ek/;e ls os gekjs lkeus
muds O;fDrRo dk oks i{k j[krs gS] tks ekuoh;rk ls tqM+k
gks] vkSj izsj.kknk;h gksA c['khth Lohdkj djrs gS fd lkfgR;
jpuk esa ,d lkfgR;dkj dks vlhe vkuan dh vuqHkwfr gksrh
gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mudk laiw.kZ fuca/k lkfgR; vkRe izdk'ku
dh vk/kkjHkwfe ij fLFkr gSA
c['khth ,d vkn'kZ f'k{kd FksA os vius oS;fDrd
fuca/kks esa vkRedFkkRed dk vk/kkj ysdj viuh fu'Ny
vkRekuqHkwfr dks mtkxj djrs gSA QyLo:i tc Hkh c['khth
dks lkfgfR;d leh{kk dk volj feyk rks mUgksaus mls iBdh;
Lrj ij ,d jpukRed eksM+ ns fn;kA mUgksaus dHkh fdlh Hkh
fuca/k esa fdlh dh Hkh ekuoh; nqyZHkrkvksa dks vk/kkj cukdj
vkykspuk ugha dhA leh{kk dk ;g xq.k Hkh izk;% c['khth dks
vU; fuca/kdkjks ls vyx djrk gSA f'k{kkewyd oS;fDrd

AUR

MULYANKAN

105

International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0974-2832, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/29954; VoL. IV * ISSUE-39

fuca/k es vkids lkfgR; dk f'k{kd vkSj laiknd rhuks :i

gesa ,d lkFk ns[kus dks feyrs gSA3- vkRedFkk ;k LokuqHko
;FkkFkZ c['khth ds lkfgR; dk vk/kkj gSA blfy, fo'ks"kr%
muesa uhtrk o ys[kdh; bZekunkjh >ydrh gS tks mudh
Hkkoukvks dks izsfjr djrh jgh gSA c['khth vius fuca/kks es
rRdkyhu lkfgfR;d ifjos'k dk fp=.k cM+h gh lgtrk ls
djrs gSA vius fuca/k Le`rh esa os vius vrhr esa Mqcdj
'kS'kodkyhu ckrks dk Lej.k djrs gq;s orZeku lkekftd]
lkfgfR;d] lkaLd`frd] jktuSfrd ifjos'k dks izLrqr djrs gSA
muds fuca/kks esa rRdkyhu lkfgR; ifjos'k dk lfVd fp=.k
feyrk gSA mudh fo'ks"krk jgh gS fd Loa; dks vius fuca/k
es j[kdj rRdkyhu ;qx ds ewy Hkkoks vkSj miyfC);ksa ij
fopkj djrs gSA
bl izdkj c['khth ds fuca/k vkRedFkkRed gksrs
gq;s Hkh rRdkyhu lkekftd] lkaLd`frd] lkfgfR;d izo`fRr;ks
dks lkFk fy;s gksrs gSA c['khth us lR;a f'koe~ lqnaje~ dks vius
thou es lkdkj dj yh;k FkkA c['khth ekurs gS fd ftl
lkfgR; esa jpukdkj ds thoun'kZu lca/kh fo'okl dh /kkjk
izHkkfor gks ogh lkfgR; mRd`"V gSA blh ls lkfgR; esa thou
cksyrk gS vkSj rHkh og ltho gks mBrk gS] ,sls lkfgR; lalkj
dh jpuk vfojke lk/kuk ls gksrh gSA ,slh lkfgR; esa 'kCnks
dk ewY; ugha gksrk cfYd mu 'kCnks ds Hkhrj fNis gq;s vFkZiw.kZ
HkfDrRo dk ewY; loksZifj gSA4- c['khth dh fo'ks"krk jgh gS
fd os NksVh ls NksVh ?kVuk dks Hkh viuh dyk dkS'ky ds cy
ij xakHkh;Z iznku dj nsrs gSA NksVs ls NksVs chac ;k fp= dks
ysdj lkfgR;dkj ,d u;s thou {k.k ns[kus vkSj eglwl djus
ds ,d u;s dks.k ;k rjhds dh l``f"V dj Mkyrk gSA bl izdkj
ys[kd ;k lkfgR;dkj ix&ix ij gekjs psrukewyd thou
dks osxoku vkSj le`) cukrk pyrk gSA5c['khth ds vf/kdRrj fuca/k ,dkar es fd, x;s
fpUru euu ls muds eu es mBus okyh fopkj rjaxks ds fp=
gSA c['khth Loa; fy[krs gS fd tc os jktukWnxkao es f'k{kd
Fks rc os vf/kdRrj 'kkyk ds izkxa.k esa ;k cYnso ckx es fdlh
,dkar LFkku esa la/;k dk dqN le; vo'; fcrkrs FksA bl
ckr dh iqf"V muds ,d fuca/k ls gksrh gS tgka os fy[krs gS
esjk ;FkkFkZ thou bl Ldwy esa gh c) gS blfy, NqV~Vh;ks
1- gej NRrhlx<+ & inqeyky iqUukyky c['kh ij vk/kkfjr & egkohj vxzoky &
Jh izdk'ku nqxZ N-x- 2009 & 396 & 397
2- c['kh% thou vkSj lkfgR; & MkW- 'kjn xqIrk panzk izdk'ku jktukanxko N-x- 140
3- c['khth% esjs nknkth] MkW- ufyuh JhokLro & ok.kh izdk'ku fnYyh&2002&74
4- ogh &72

106

esa Hkh eS ?kaVks Ldwy esa ghs cSBk jgrk gwWA ;gh cSBdj eS Kku
dh vkjk/kuk ds lkFk dYiuk ds vuUr txr esa vdsys fogkj
djrk gwWA6- bl izdkj vkReijd fuca/k fuoSfDrdrk ds LFkku
ij oSfDrDrk ds dkj.k tks c['khth ds uhft O;fDrRo dh tks
Nki gS] ml dkj.k c['khth fgUnh lkfgR; ys[ku es vyx
egRo j[krs gSA c['khth us lacks/ku 'kSyh esa ^rqe dkSu gks \]
rqEgkjs fy, es ljy lh/ks iz'uks dks mBkdj thou dh
nk'kZfud foospuk djrs gq, futh fopkj O;Dr djus dh fof'k"V
'kSyh dks viuk;k gSA vkidh jpuk,W oS;fDrd fuca/k dh ifj/kh
ls ckgj ugh tkrh gSA7- c['khth ^rqEgkjs & fy,^ fuca/k es i=
fy[kus ds lkFk&lkFk i= ys[ku dyk vkSj mlds egRo dks
vk/kkj lkexzh cukdj pyrs gSA bl izdkj dh ;g c['khth
dh izLrqfr ikBdks dk eu eksg ysrh gSA ^rqEgkjs fy,^ fuca/k
ds lS)kafrd ckrks dk mYys[k gS tks fo'ks"k dyk ds lkFk
vkfRe;rk fy, gq, izLrqr gSA
c['khth dh vkRedFkk dsoy thou&xkFkk gh
ugh gksrh oju laLej.kks o ?kVuk izlaxksa ds lkFk O;Dr gqbZ
gS tks fuca/k dk :i ys ysrh gS ftlesa vkRedFkk ds lkFk&lkFk
thou ds vuqHkoks dh xgjkbZ esa ?kqyk O;fDrRo gS ftlds vk/kkj
ij py jgk thou n'kZu vkSj thou fl)kar Hkh ?kqy&fey x;kA
c['khth ewyr% varl ds dykdkj FksA vius Hkhrj >kaddj
vkReyhu gksuk mudk LoHkko FkkA c['khth ds oS;fDrd
fuca/kks dh ifjf/k vR;Ur O;kid gS blesa vkids O;fDrRo ds
izk;% lHkh i{kks dk lekgkj gks x;k gsA muds lkfgR; dk
loZJs"B va'k bUgh jpukvks ds ek/;e ls O;Dr gksrk gSA bl
n`f"V ls bu jpukvksa dks ge dkyt;h Hkh dg ldrs gS fo"k;
vkSj f'kYi nksuks n`f"V;ksa ls os fuca/k vkt Hkh uohurk fy, gq,
gS vkSj eku thou dh lgt laosnukvksa ds fudV gSA8c['khth ds vkRedFkkRed o dFkkRed fuca/kks esa
Hkh oSfp"; gSA c['khth ewyr% dFkk esa gh xqFksA vr% dFkk ds
izfr vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k c['khth ds fuca/k dFkkRed fuca/k cu
x;sA bu jpukvks ij c['khth dFkkvksa dh oSpkfjd leh{kk
djrs gS vkSj ml ij viuh izfrf;k,W Hkh O;Dr djrs pyrs
gS fgUnh lkfgR; txr esa bl izdkj dh jpukvksa dk loZFkk
vHkko gSA

5- lkfgR; leh{kk vkSj laLd`frcks/k & MkW- nsojkt & n eSdfudy daiuh vkWQ bf.M;k
fyfeVsM ubZ fnYyh & i` & 17
6- c['khth% thou vkSj lkfgR; % MkW- 'kjn xqIrk & pUnzk izdk'ku jktukanxkao Nx- 137
7- c['khth % esjs nknkth&MkW- ufyuh JhokLro &ok.kh izdk'ku fnYyh&2002&74
8- ogh &75