i AU AU ene te ie | Me AttaCopyright © 2006, 2000, 1997, 1992, 1989 by Pantel, Ine. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this, publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, of stored in database oF retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 098765 ISBN 0-07-145222.2 Printed and bound by RR. Donnelley & Sons Company. Mcciraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promo- tions, oF for use in corporate training programs. For more information. please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a minimum of 50% recycled, deinked fiber, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Groen, James H. ames Harry) The Irwin handbook of telecommunications / by James Harry Green — 5th ed. pam, ISBN 0-07-145222-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1, Telecommunication systems—United States. 2. Business enterprises—United States—Communication systems, 1. Tite. ‘TKS1023.U6G74 2005 621 382—de2? 2005005649)CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES xxvii LIST OF TABLES xxxiii INTRODUCTION TO THE FIFTH EDITION xxxv PART ONE INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 A Brief History of Telecommunications 3 A Short History of the Bell System 5 The Principle of Regulated Monopoly 5 ‘The First Antitrust Case 9 ‘The Second Antitrust Case 10 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 12 ‘The Aftermath of the MEJ 13 A Short History of the Internet 14 Telecommunications Standards 16 How Standards Are Developed 18 Standards Organizations 18 Chapter 2 Introduction to the Public Switched Telephone Network 21 The Major Telecommunications Systems 22 Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) 22 Subscriber Loop Plant 23 Local Switching Systems 23 Interoffice Trunks 24 ‘Tandem Switching Offices 24 Interexchange or Toll Trunks 25 ‘Transmission Systems 26 Fundamentals of Multiplexing 26 Analog and Digital Transmission 28 Switching Systems 29 Early Switching Systems 29