MUSICAL SIREN A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted for partial fulfillment of the Requirement of the

DEGREE
Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

Submitted to: Sakshi Bohra (Assistant Prof.)

Submitted By: Mahipal Singh Deora (II B.TECH.,IV sem.)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Jodhpur Enginnering College & Research Centre, Jodhpur National University (Raj.) 2011

CONTENTS Page no. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3. COMPONENT USED

3.1. Resistor . 3.2. Capacitors. 3.3. Transformers. 3.4. Part List
1 2 3 3 4 5

6
7

4. WORKING

INTRODUCTION
Musical sirens are used to convert the electrical signals into audio signal in the form of sound. The device which converts the electrical signal into mechanical signal are known as Transducer. So musical siren is a transducer . The musical siren are ideally suited for home construction and water level indicator . The heart of the circuit is in transistor BC 148 which is connected with each as a astable multivibrator and together they produce musical siren sound of low frequency . Transistor BEL 188 is used as an amplifier driver connected to BC 148 . In water level indicator as the marked level of water is reached the musical siren produces the sound and the tells us that the level is reached and above it the tank will get overflow. So with the help of it the overflow of tank is prevented. It is also used as a musical alarm with switch. As the supply is given to the circuit it reaches the PNP transistor and the capacitor C3 gets charged with the help of switch in OFF condition the current gets a path to reach the base of first NPN transistor . Output from this transistor is supplied as the input to the base of another NPN transistor. Output from this transistor is finally applied to the base of PNP transistor or we get amplified signal from its collector terminal and this is supplied to the speaker which in turn produces the musical siren.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENT USED RESISTOR:A resistor is a two terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. When a voltage V is applied across the terminals of a resistor, a current I will flow through the resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. The reciprocal of the constant of proportionality is known as the resistance R, since, with a given voltage V, a larger value of R further "resists" the flow of current I as given by Ohms law:

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. The electrical functionality of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than 9 order of magnitude. When specifying that resistance in an electronic design, the required precision of the resistance may require attention to the manufacturing tolerance of the chosen resistor, according to its specific application. The temperature coefficient of the resistance may also be of concern in some precision applications. Practical resistors are also specified as having a maximum power rating which must exceed the anticipated power dissipation of that resistor in a particular circuit: this is mainly of concern in power electronics applications. Resistors with higher power ratings are physically larger and may require heat sinking. In a high voltage circuit, attention must sometimes be paid to the rated maximum working voltage of the resistor. The series inductance of a practical resistor causes its behavior to depart from ohms law; this specification can be important in some high-frequency applications for smaller values of resistance. Resistors are characterized according to its form that is the size of the device and position of its terminal.

CAPACITOR:A capacitor is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film. A capacitor also known as condenser is a device for storing electric charge. The non-conductive

region is called the dielectric or sometimes the dielectric medium. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric mediums are glass, air, paper, vaccum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces and the dielectric develops an electric field. The capacitance is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of conductor, hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates", referring to an early means of construction. In practice the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance.

Transistor:A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (outputpower can be much more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides a amplification of a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.Transistors low cost,flexibility made it a ubiquitous device.

PART LIST:-

REISTOR R 1,2 R 3,4 R5 CAPACITORS C 1,2 C3 TRANSISTORS T 1,2 T3 MISCELLANEOUS 8E SPK 2 CELL BATTERY HOLDER ON/OFF SWITCH =1 =1 =1 = BC 148 = BEL188 = 0.047UF = 220UF/10V = 12K = 1.2K = 220E PRESET

Working:When the supply is given at the emitter terminal of the PNP transistor in the presence of a switch in OFF condition a path is created for the flow of current. Current passes through variable resistor and reaches the base of first NPN transistor .Then output from this transistor is supplied to the base of another NPN transistor and finally the output from this transistor is supplied to the base of PNP transistor. The NPN transistor finally produces the signal in collector terminal and their signal reaches the speaker from where different sounds are produced according to the speaker used in the circuit. When the supply is ON the capacitor C3 grts charged ,during this when the switch is in ON condition no supply will pass through this path. So now the supply to the transistor is provided with the help of capacitor. Charges stored in the capacitor is supplied to the transistors so due to this capacitor starts discharging .Again the supply first reaches the base of the NPN transistor and the output from its collector terminal is supplied as an input to the base of another NPN transistor. Finally the output from this transistor is applied at the base of PNP transistor from where we receive the signal is amplified from its collector terminal.This amplified signal is supplied to the speaker and the siren will be produced fot the particular amount of time.

Copyright 2011 Mahipal Singh Deora, J.E.C.R.C College, Jodhpur.