HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation Rev-4

HUBCO P60110-E-PRSC-001
HNP
Hubco Narowal Project
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation
Prepared by: AREVA Date:
Reviewed by: MAN Diesel & Turbo Date:
Approved by: Owner Date:
Confirmed by: WAPDA Date:
Signature / Stamp
Signature / Stamp
Signature / Stamp
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Rev.4
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Table of Content:
A.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Transformer Relay Panels for Transformer Bays E01, E03, E06, and E08
1. Transformer Differential Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P631 2. Transformer Backup Overcurrent Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P122 3. Transformer CB Failure Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P821 B.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Line Relay Panels for Line Bays E07 (132kV NRW2) and E09 (132kV NRW-4).
1. Line Distance Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P442 2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P122 3. Line CB Failure Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P821 4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings-KAVS100 C.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Line Relay Panel for Line Bay E02 (132kV Badomali Line BDL-1).
1. Line Distance Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P442 2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P122 3. Line CB Failure Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P821 4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings-KAVS100 D.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Relay Panel For Line Bay E04 (132kV NRW-1)
1. Line Distance Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P442 2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P122 3. Line CB Failure Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P821 4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings-KAVS100
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HUBCO P60110-E-PRSC-001 E.
HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel (Bay E05)
1. High Impedance BB Diff. Protection Relay Settings-MFAC34 2. Buswire Supervision Relay Settings-MVTP31 3. Buscoupler Overcurrent Protection Settings-MiCOM P122 4. Buscoupler CB Failure Protection Relay Settings-MiCOM P821 5. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings-KAVS100
F.
WAPDA reference letters about relay settings recommendation.
1. Letter No. GM(WPPO) CE-IV/7208 Dated 31-05-2010 2. Letter No. GM(WPPO) CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06-10-2010
Note: Protection Relay Settings on 15kV System are required to be coordinated with given below 132kV Protection Relay Settings.
Comments on Rev-3:
1. Settings are revised after recommended revised settings given by WAPDA in letter Ref# GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 for OC &EF relays of Bay E02(Badomali line BDL-1) , E04(Narowal line NRW-1) and Step up Transformer Bays E01,E03,E06 & E08. 2. Settings are revised to correct some typographical mistakes of rev-1, in OC & EF relay settings of Buscoupler Bay. Comments on Rev-4: 1. After meeting with IE of Fichtner GmbH on 25-02-2011, new setting Id>>= 8 x Iref for transformer differential relay MiCOM P631and I>= 1.0 x In with TMS= 0.27 for transformer overcurrent relay MiCOM P122 for all four transformers have been decided.
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Switch-Yard-System
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A.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Transformer Relay Panels for Transformer Bays E01, E03, E06 and E08.
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HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
1. Transformer Differential Protection Relay:

Relay Type (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P631 Make: AREVA Location: 132kV Transformer Relay Panels: =E01+R1, E03+R1, E06+R1, E08+R1. Transformer Data (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays) Rated Power (ONAN/ONANF): 50/70MVA Rated Voltage: 132/15KV Rated Current (HV): 218.7/306.2A Rated Current (LV): 1924.5/2694.3A Connection: Star (HV), Delta (LV) Vector Group:YNd5 HV/LV Short Circuit Impedance base on 70MVA: 14% CT Ratios For Differential Protection (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays) HV 132kV Transformer Feeder CT : 400/1, 5P20 LV 15kV Transformer Feeder CT: 3000/1, 5P20 Relay Settings (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P631 provides a very fast differential protection function. With automatic CT ratio matching and vector group compensation, makes this relay an ideal solution even for the most demanding applications. The individual reference currents for each winding of the transformer are calculated by P631 on the basis of the set reference power and the set primary nominal voltages of the transformer. Iref,a = Sref/( 3.Vnom,a) = 70MVA/( 3 x 132kV) = 306.2 Amps Iref,a= 306.2 Amps Iref,b = Sref/( 3.Vnom,b) = 70MVA/( 3 x 15kV) = 2694.3 Amps Iref,b= 2694.3 Amps Where: Sref: Reference Power Iref,a,b: reference current of winding a, b. Vnom,a,b: nominal voltage of winding a, b. The P631 calculates the matching factors on the basis of the reference currents and the set nominal currents of the system current transformers. kam,a=Inom,a/Iref,a = 400/306.2 = 1.306 kam,a= 1.306 kam,b=Inom,b/Iref,b = 3000/2694.3 = 1.113 kam,b = 1.113
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Where:
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
kam,a,b: amplitude matching factor of winding a or b. Inom,a,b: primary nominal currents of the main current transformers. Differential Setting: 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 1) Idiff>: Differential initial setting should be set above the steady-state magnetizing current of the transformer. Unbalance current checking in regarding with the tap changer position on highest (1) and lowest (17) tap positions. Rated HV current at highest tap position = 278.3 A Rated HV current at lowest tap position = 340.2 A Secondary current at highest tap & lowest tap position with selected CT multiplier: At highest tap position with ct multiplier = (278.3/400) x 1.306 = 0.90865 x Iref At lowest tap position with ct multiplier = (340.2/400) x 1.306 = 1.11075 x Iref LV side current = 2694.3 A Secondary LV side current with selected ct multiplier = (2694.3/3000) x 1.113 = 0.99958 x Iref Differential Current on highest and lowest tap position with selected CT Multiplier: Allowing 5% to accommodate ct errors, Differential Current on highest tap position = (0.90865 x 0.95) - (0.99958 x 1.05) = 0.8632-1.0495 = 0.1863 x Iref Differential current on lowest tap position = (1.11075 x 1.05) (0.99958 x 0.95) = 1.1663-0.9496 = 0.2167 Available setting: 0.1 to 2.5 x Iref ( in steps of 0.01) Hence the selected setting Idiff> Idiff>> Idiff>>> m1 IR,m2 m2
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Idiff> = 0.22 x Iref 2.) Idiff>>
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
This setting is to be set just above the inrush current rms value so that blocking of the triple slope characteristic by second harmonic restraint or by saturation detector is removed. Normally the transformer Inrush current may go from 4-8 times the rated current. Taking 4 times the rated current for calculation, Maximum transformer inrush current = 4 x rated current = 4 x 306.2 = 1225 Amps Corresponding ct secondary current = (1225/400) x 1.306 = 4 x Iref In order to prevent transformer from false tripping which may be possible if inrush current is higher, Setting of 8 x Iref = 2.450 kA is recommended by Independent Engineer ( Fichtner GmbH) , We can verify the setting if { 2-phase min short circuit current )/ Set value} >= 1.5 Generator short circuit current is 4350A, For 3 Generators connected to single bus, we have I gen-sc = 4350A x 3 =13.05kA at 15 kV level. At, 132kV side, Igen-sc= {(13.05 x 15)/132} = 1.482kA Xgen= 132kV/1.732 x 1.482=51.5 ohm Xtrafo=(0.14 x 132kV x 132kV)/70MVA= 34.848 Ohm X total = 51.5 + 34.848 = 86.35 Ohm Therefore , 3-phase short circuit value from 3 generators = 132000/ (1.732 x 86.35)= 0.88kA With all four trafo, we have 3-phase short circuit value = 0.88kA x 4= 3.52 kA Three phase min short circuit current at 132kv side = 7.1 kA ( contribution from Wapda and generators both) Therefore, 7.1-3.52= 3.58kA Two phase short circuit current will be = {(Root3)/2} x 3.58 = 3.1kA Since by exclusive case (the energizing only from the system without any transformer with generators), 3.1kA/ (8xIref) = 3.1kA/2.450kA=1.26 which is less than 1.5 but > 1.2. By operation only one transformer two phase short circuit current will be = {(Root3) x (7.1 (3 x 0.88)) = 3.88kA Since 3.88kA/(8 x Iref)= 3.88/2.450= 1.58 which is > 1.5 Hence the selected setting has the necessary sensitivity in most possible cases - it is in order Id>> = 8 x Iref
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3.) I diff>>>
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
This is a simple instantaneous unrestrained highest differential over current setting. It is not influenced by restraining current (triple slope characteristics), harmonic restraint, overfluxing restraint or saturation detector. Hence for fast fault clearance, Id>>> could be set below the current for a fault at the transformer terminals. Such a fault involves the bus fault level as it is not limited by the winding impedances. This is set greater than the transformer inrush current and below the fault at the transformer terminals. The 3-phase minimum fault current at 132kV side = 7.100kA 2-phase minimum fault current at 132kV side = 7100 x 1.732/2 = 6148 A Iref for Bus fault = (6148/400) x 1.306 = 20.07 x Iref Idiff>>> should be less than 20.07 x Iref. Hence the selected setting Idiff>>> = 8 x Iref 4) m1 This is the second section of the tripping characteristic covers the load current range, so that in this section we must reckon not only with the transformer magnetizing current, which appears as differential current, but also with differential current that can be attributed to the transformation errors of the current transformer sets. The second section of the tripping characteristic forms a straight line, the slope of which should correspond to the cumulative total error of the participating current transformer sets. The curve slope m1 can be set. The differential and restraining current variables for each measurement system are calculated from the current variables after amplitude and vector group matching. The Following equation is used to calculate the differential and restraining current. (Id/Iref) = m1 x (IR/Iref) + (Idiff>/Iref) x (1-0.5 x m1) However the suitability of this setting is verified as below. Differential current on highest and lowest tap position with selected ct multiplier: As calculated above, Differential current on highest tap position = 0.1863 x Iref Differential current on lowest tap position = 0.2167 x Iref Restraining current on highest and lowest tap positions: Restraining current on highest tap position = (0.90865 + 0.99958)/2 = 0.9541 Restarining current on lowest tap position = (1.11075 + 0.99958)/2 = 1.0551 Therefore: For highest tap position: IR = 0.9541 x Iref, & Idiff = 0.1863 x Iref For Lowest tap position: IR = 1.0551 x Iref & Idiff = 0.2167 x Iref Boundary of the operating region is calculated below: With Id> = 0.22 and m1 = 0.2:
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For highest tap position:
HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
(Id/Iref) = m1 x (IR/Iref) + (Idiff>/Iref) x (1-0.5 x m1) = 0.2 x 0.9541 + 0.22 x (1- 0.5 x 0.2) = 0.3888 For lowest tap position: (Id/Iref) = m1 x (IR/Iref) + (Idiff>/Iref) x (1-0.5 x m1) = 0.2 x 1.0551 + 0.22 x (1- 0.5 x 0.2) = 0.4090 Therefore: For highest tap position: IR = 0.9541 x Iref, & Idiff = 0.3888 x Iref For Lowest tap position: IR = 1.0551 x Iref & Idiff = 0.4090 x Iref It is clear from above values that the differential current on relay during full load current on highest and lowest tap positions of the transformer is outside the operating region with selected Id>=0.22 and m1= 0.2 Hence the selected setting m1= 0.2 5) IR,m2 This is the second knee point of the tripping characteristic determines the end of the overcurrent zone in the direction of increasing restraining current in fault free operation. It is recommended to set half the maximum through fault current. Max through fault current (Limited by transformer impedance) at lowest tap: Max through fault current = rated current at lowest tap / % imp of trf at lowest tap = 340.2/0.1310 = 2.597kA Corresponding ct secondary current = (2597/400) x 1.306 = 8.479 x Iref Max through fault current (Limited by transformer impedance) at highest tap: Max through fault current = rated current at highest tap / % imp of trf at highest tap = 278.3/0.1445 = 1.926kA Corresponding ct secondary current = (1926/400) x 1.306 = 6.288 x Iref Max through fault current at lowest tap position = 8.479 x Iref Max through fault current at highest tap position = 6.288 x Iref Half the max. through fault current on lowest tap position = 8.479/2 = 4.24 x Iref Half the max. through fault current on highest tap position = 6.288/2 = 3.144x Iref Therefore 4.24 to be set based on half the maximum through fault current. The selected IR,m2 setting IR,m2 = 4.3 x Iref
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6.) m2
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
The third slope m2 characteristics are to accommodate ct errors during heavy through fault conditions. There is no specific advantage in setting the slope m2 very closer to the through fault operating conditions. It is desirable to give a safety factor 1.5 for the differential current. Max through fault current at lowest tap position = 8.479 x Iref (as calculated above) Max through fault current at highest tap position = 6.288 x Iref (as calculated above) Max through fault current at highest and lowest tap positions at LV side: LV side through fault current on highest tap position = 1926 x (145.2kV/15kV) = 18.644 kA CT secondary LV through fault current on highest tap= (18644/3000) x 1.113 = 6.917 x Iref LV side through fault current on lowest tap position = 2597 x (118.8kV/15kV) = 20.568 kA CT secondary LV through fault current on lowest tap= (20568/3000) x 1.113 = 7.630 x Iref Differential currents on highest and lowest tap positions: Allowing 5% to accommodate CT errors and assuming worst case. Differential current on highest tap position = (6.288 x 0.95) - (6.917 x 1.05) = 5.973-7.263 = 1.29 x Iref Differential current on highest tap position with safety factor 1.5 = 1.29 x1.5 =1.935 x Iref Differential current on lowest tap position = ( 8.479 x 1.05) ( 7.630 x 0.95) = 8.903-7.248 = 1.655 x Iref Differential current on lowest tap position with safety factor 1.5 = 1.655 x1.5 = 2.482 x Iref Restraining current on highest and lowest tap positions: Restraining current on highest tap position = (6.288+6.917)/2 = 6.6025 x Iref Restraining current on lowest tap position = (8.479+7.630)/2 = 8.054 x Iref Therefore: For highest tap position: IR = 6.6025 x Iref, & Idiff = 1.935 x Iref For Lowest tap position: IR = 8.054 x Iref & Idiff = 2.482 x Iref The following equation is used to calculate the boundary of the operating region. Id/Iref = m2 x IR/Iref + Idiff>/Iref x (1-0.5 x m1) + (IR,m2/Iref ) x (m1-m2)
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HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Boundary of the operating region is calculated below: With Id> = 0.22 and m1 = 0.2 and m2 = 0.4: For highest tap position: Id/Iref = m2 x IR/Iref + Idiff>/Iref x (1-0.5 x m1) + (IR,m2/Iref ) x (m1-m2) = 0.4 x 6.6025 + 0.22 x (1-0.5 x 0.2) + 3.3 x (0.2-0.4) = 2.179 For lowest tap position: Id/Iref = m2 x IR/Iref + Idiff>/Iref x (1-0.5 x m1) + (IR,m2/Iref ) x (m1-m2) = 0.4 x 8.054 + 0.22 x (1-0.5 x 0.2) + 3.3 x (0.2-0.4) = 2.76 As the boundary is very close to actual operating differential current at max. and minimum tap positions, therefore we take m2=0.5 to recalculate for suitability of setting as given below. With Id> = 0.22 and m1 = 0.2 and m2 = 0.5: For highest tap position: Id/Iref = m2 x IR/Iref + Idiff>/Iref x (1-0.5 x m1) + (IR,m2/Iref ) x (m1-m2) = 0.5 x 6.6025 + 0.22 x (1-0.5 x 0.2) + 3.3 x (0.2-0.5) = 2.509 For lowest tap position: Id/Iref = m2 x IR/Iref + Idiff>/Iref x (1-0.5 x m1) + (IR,m2/Iref ) x (m1-m2) = 0.5 x 8.054 + 0.22 x (1-0.5 x 0.2) + 3.3 x (0.2-0.5) = 3.235 It is clear from above values that the differential current on relay during maximum through fault current on highest and lowest tap positions of the transformer is outside the operating region with selected m2=0.5 Operating region should be away from the differential current region, the slope is set to 0.5. Hence the selected m2 setting m2=0.5 Configuration: 1. Output relay assignment and operating mode configuration (OUTP) - Fct. Assignm. K901: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K902: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K903: Blocked/Faulty - Fct. Assignm. K904: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K905: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K906: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K907: Diff Trip Signal - Fct. Assignm. K908: Without function -Oper.Mode K901: Follower -Oper.Mode K902: Follower Rst on Flt -Oper.Mode K903: Follower Rst on Flt -Oper.Mode K904: Follower -Oper.Mode K905: Follower -Oper.Mode K906: Follower
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-Oper.Mode K907: Follower -Oper.Mode K908: Follower 2. Enabling differential protection (DIFF) -Differential PR (87): Enabled Function Settings:
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Switch-Yard-System
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1. Main Global Settings(MAIN) -Protection Enabled: Yes -User Test Mode: No -Frequency fn: 50Hz -Phase Rotation: A-B-C -In CT. prim., end a: 400A -In CT. prim., end b: 3000A -In Device, end a: 1A -In Device, end b: 1A -CT Orientation Iph, a: Standard -CT Orientation Iph, b: Standard -Minimum Iph Measmt: 0.00 In -Minimum I2 Measmt: 0.00 In -Minimum I1 Measmt: 0.00 In -Minimum IN Measmt: 0.00 In -Minimum IY Measmt: 0.00 In -Time Const Iph Dem.: 15 min -Fct.Assign.Block1 to 4: Disabled -Trip Cmd. Block USER: No -Fct. Assig Trip Cmd.1 to 3: Differential Trip Signal -Fct. Assig Trip Cmd.4: Manual Trip Signal -tDWELL trip Cmd. 1 to 4: 0.25 sec -Latching trip Cmd. 1 to 4: No -Fct Assign Fault: Disabled 2. Setting group selection(GROUP) -Control via USER: Yes -Setting Grp Sel USER: Setting Group SG1 -Hold Timer: Blocked 3. Main Common Settings (MAIN) -Vn prim., end a: 132kV -Vn prim., end b: 15kV -Hold Time Dyn. Settg. : Blocked 4) Differential Protection Common Settings (DIFF) -General Enable User: Yes -Rated Ref Power Sref: 70MVA -Minimum Id Measmt: 0.000 Iref -Minimum IR Measmt: 0.000Iref 5) Setting Group SG1 -Enable SG1: Yes -Vec. Gr. Ends b-a: 5 -Idiff>: 0.22 Iref - Idiff>>: 8.0Iref (Revised setting as per recommendation of Independent Engineer of Fichtner GmbH) -Idiff>>>: 8.0 Iref
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-m1: 0.2 -m2: 0.5 -IR, m2: 4.3 Iref -Op. Mode Inrush: Not phase-Selective nd -Inrush 2 Harmon: 20% -I0 filt a Enab: Yes -I0 filt b Enab: No -O/Flux Blk Enab: No -O/Flux 5th Harmon :20% -Op.del.,trip sig: 0.00s -Hyst. Effective: No
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Switch-Yard-System
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2. Transformer Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P122, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Transformer Relay Panels: =E01+R1, E03+R1, E06+R1, E08+R1. CT Ratio For Backup O/C Protection (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): HV 132kV Transformer Feeder CT : 400/1, 5P20 Relay Settings( Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P122 serves as backup protection for 132kV side transformer winding. The O/C Pickup setting is usually 115% of the maximum overload acceptable. Required phase overcurrent setting I>=1.15 x 306.2 = 352A This is slightly above the maximum current at end tap position of 340.2A. Normal inverse curve is selected. As recommended by independent engineer of Fichner GmbH, setting of 400 A (taking into account the max. possible overload of transformer) is selected. The 132kV-OC protection is set to operate with a delay of about 1.1sec (950ms+150ms) on the maximum through fault current of 2.187kA at 132kv side. The time multiplier setting can be calculated from the formula: Tms =Required trip time t/ [0.14 / (I/Is)0.02 -1] 0.02 =1.1 / [0.14 / (2187/400) -1] =0.27 The 132kV earth fault stage is set to 20% of the rated transformer current of 306.2A. The 132kV earth fault protection at the transformer neutral is set to operate with a delay of about 1.1 sec ( 950ms+150ms) on the maximum through fault current of 2.187kA at 132kV side. Required earth fault setting Ie>= 20% of 306.2= 0.2 x 306.2= 61A Recommended setting for Ie>= 120A The time multiplier setting can be calculated from the formula: Tms =Required trip time t/ [0.14 / (I/Is)0.02 -1] 0.02 =1.1/ [0.14 / (2187/120) -1] =0.47 The instantaneous protection is set to 120% of the max 132kV through fault current. Required Instantaneous setting I>>= Ie>>=1.2x2187= 2624A. Since the max. possible contribution from all generators connected to this transformer by fault at the 132 kV side is I gen sum = 0.88 kA < 6.56 x 0.4 = 2.624 kA, this stage of overcurrent protection is selective with all line protections.
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HNP
Switch-Yard-System
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The time delay of 0.1 sec stabilizes the I>> stage against any kind of transient phenomena. Definite time curve is selected. [50/51] Phase OC Setting: I> = YES I> = 400/400= 1.0 x In (Revised setting as per recommendation of Independent Engineer of Fichtner GmbH) Delay Type = IDMT Curve = Standard Inverse Time Multiplier = 0.27 (Revised time multiplier setting due to chane in I> setting above) t Reset=60 ms I>>=Yes I>> =2624/400= 6.56xIn Delay Type= DMT Curve: DT Time Delay: 0.1 sec I>>>= Not Enable [50N/51N] E/Gnd OC Setting: le >=YES le >=120/400=0.3 x In (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06Delay Type=IDMT Curve = Standard Inverse Time Multiplier= 0.47 (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06-
10-2010)
t Reset=60 ms Ie>>=Yes Ie>> =2624/400= 6.56xIn Delay Type= DMT Curve: DT Time Delay: 0.1 sec Ie>>>= Not Enable
10-2010)
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3. Transformer Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P821, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Transformer Relay Panels: =E01+R1, E03+R1, E06+R1, E08+R1. CT Ratio For CB Failure Protection (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): HV 132kV Transformer Feeder CT : 400/1, 5P20 Relay Settings (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): CB FAIL FUNCT : YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection. CB FAIL PHASE: YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection by phase. I> BF: 0.5 x In Description: Select the phase current threshold. CB FAIL EARTH:YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection on earth. Ie> BF: 0.15 x In Description: Select the earth current threshold. Delay Stage1: 150 ms Description: Set the retrip delay. Delay Stage2: 280 ms Description: Set the general back-trip delay. External Reset: YES Description: Reset configuration of tBF1 after drop off of the external tripping.
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B.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Line Relay Panels for Line Bays E07 (132kV NRW-2) and E09 (132kV NRW-4).
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1. Line Distance Protection Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For Both Line Bays): MiCOM P442, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panels: =E07+R1 and =E09+R1 System and Line Data (Similar For Both Line Bays): Transmission Line: 132kV NRW-2 and NRW-4 System Voltage: 132KV, 50Hz CT Ratio: 1200/1 VT Ratio: (132KV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Fault Levels: At HUBCO Narowal: Max KA= 9.7, Min KA=7.1 At Narowal Grid Station: Max KA= 8.9, Min KA= 6.6 Line Length: 10.422 KM, on Rail conductor Line Impedance: Positive Sequence ZL1 = (0.06+j0.3921) Ohm/Km Zero Sequence ZL0 = (0.2461+j1.1248) Ohm/Km Rated current carrying capacity of each line = 884A Opposite End Grid Station Shortest and Longest Lines Data: Shortest Line: 10.422Km, Rail conductor (132kV HUBCO to 132kV Narowal) Longest Line: 36Km, Lynx conductor (132kV Narowal to 132kV Shakargarh) T/L Conductor data at ambient temperature: Lynx conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: Rail conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: R1+jX1= 0.06+j0.3921 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.2461+j1.1248 Ohms/Km R1+jX1= 0.1583+j0.4004 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.3246+j1.228 Ohms/Km
Distance Zone Reach Calculation (Similar For Both Line Bays): The distance zone reach is determined according to the following principles: -Zone 1: 85% of impedance of protected line and trips independently with 0s delay. -Zone 2: Impedance of protected line + 50% of impedance of adjacent shortest T/L and trip delay time 350ms delay. -Zone 3: Impedance of protected line + 120% of impedance of adjacent longest T/L and trip delay time 700ms delay.
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1. Line Impedance:
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Ratio of secondary to primary impedance = (1200/1)/{(132000/1.732)/(110/1.732)}=1 Line impedance ZL1= 10.422 x (0.06+j0.3921) = 0.6253+j4.0864 ZL1= 4.134<81.3 2. Zone 1 Reach : Zone 1 is set to 85% of the protected line impedance. Z1 = 0.85 x (0.6253+j4.0864) = 0.5315+j3.4734 Z1 = 3.514<81.3 3. Zone 2 Reach : Zone 2 is set to 100% of protected line impedance + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest transmission line. Z2 = (0.6253+j4.0864) + 0.5 {10.422 x (0.06+j0.3921)} = 0.9379+j6.1296 Z2 = 6.2<81.3 4. Zone 3 Reach : Backup Zone 3 is set to 100% of the protected line impedance + 120% impedance of the adjacent longest transmission line. Z3 = (0.6253+j4.0864) + 1.2 {36 x (0.1583+j0.4004)} = 7.4638+j21.3837 Z3 = 22.65<70.7 5. Residual Compensation for Earth Fault Elements: Residual Compensation, |kZ0| = (ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as ratio kZ0 Angle, <kZ0 = <((ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as degrees ZL0-ZL1 = (0.2461+j1.1248) - (0.06+j0.3921) = 0.756<75.75 kZ0 = 0.756<75.75/(3 x 4.134<81.3) = 0.061<-5.5 Therefore: kZ0 Res. Comp = 0.061 kZ0 Angle = <-5.5 (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3) (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3)
6. Resistive Reach -Phase Fault Elements The P442 relay have quadrilateral distance elements, thus the resistive reach (RPh) is set independent of the impedance reach along the protected line. In general, RPh must be set greater than the maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated from van Warrington formula as follows: Ra = (28710 x L) / If = (28710 x 5) / (7100) = 0.58 = 0.6 RPh >=Ra Where: Ra = Arc resistance L = Maximum phase conductor separation, is assumed 5m. If = Minimum expected phase-phase fault current, is taken 7.1kA. The minimum load impedance can be calculated on the basis of the maximum permitted power flow over the protected line. The maximum power flow is calculated from the ampacity of the conductor of 884A at nominal
1.4 1.4
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system voltage of 132kV, which is 202MVA. It is assumed, that the maximum power flow is transferred under worst condition at a minimum system voltage of 80%. Therefore the minimum load impedance is ZLoad(min) = (0.8 x 132kV)/202MVA = 55 Typically, phase fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 40%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.6 x 55 =33 A setting between the calculated minimum and maximum should be applied for all zones. For best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of each zone would not normally be set greater than 10 times the corresponding zone reach. Therefore: Phase (RPh) Minimum 0.6 Maximum 33 Zone-1 15 Zone-2 20 Zone-3 30
8. Resistive Reach Calculation-Earth Fault Elements: Typically, Earth fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 20%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.8 x 55 = 44 Fault resistance would comprise arc resistance and tower footing resistance.A typical resistive reach coverage would be 40 on the primary side. In addition, for best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of any zone of the relay would not normally be greater than 10 times the corresponding earth loop reach. Therefore: Earth (RG) Minimum 40 Maximum 44 Zone-1 30 Zone-2 35 Zone-3 40
Relay Settings (Similar For Both Line Bays): Functions Configuration: -Setting Group: Select via menu -Active Settings: Group 1 -Setting Group 1: Enabled -Setting Group 2: Disabled -Setting Group 3: Disabled -Setting Group 4: Disabled -Distance: Enabled -Power Swing: Enabled -Back-up I>: Disabled -Neg. Sequence O/C: Disabled -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled similar to settings of Line Bay E02 and E04 which was disabled as per wapda advise during commissioning at site) -Earth Fault O/C: Disabled -Aided DEF: Disabled -Volt Protection: Disabled -CB Fail & I<: Disabled. -Supervision: Enabled -System Checks: Enabled -Internal A/R: Enabled -Setting values: Secondary
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CT and VT Ratios: -Main VT Primary: 132kV -Main VT Secondary: 110V -C/S VT Primary: 132kV -C/S VT Secondary: 110V -Phase CT Primary: 1200A -Phase CT Secondary: 1A -MComp CT Primary: 1200A -MComp CT Secondary: 1A -C/S Input: A-B -Main VT Location: Line -CT Polarity: Standard or Inverse (To be set at site) CB Control: -CB Control by: Disabled -A/R Single Pole: Disabled -A/R Three Pole: Enabled OPTO Configuration: -Global Nominal Voltage: 110/125V -Opto Filter Cntl: Select All Distance Element: Line Setting: -Line Length: 10.42 km -Line Impedance: 4.134 -Line Angle: 81.3 Zone Setting: -Zone Status: 01010 -kZ1 Res Comp: 0.061 -kZ1 Angle: -5.5 -Z1: 3.514 -R1G:30 -R1Ph:15 -tZ1:0.0s -kZ2 Res Comp: 0.061 -kZ2: Angle: -5.5 -Z2: 6.2 -R2G: 35 -R2Ph: 20 -tZ2:350ms -kZ3/4 Res Comp: 0.061 -kZ3/4 Angle: -5.5 -Z3: 22.65 -R3G-R4G: 40 -R3Ph-R4Ph: 30 -tZ3:700ms Fault Locator: -kZm Mutual Comp: 0 -KZm Angle:0 Distance Schemes: -Program Mode: Standard Scheme -Standard Mode: PUP Z2 -Fault Type: Both Enabled. -Trip Mode: Force 3 poles
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-tReversal Guard: 20.0ms -Unblocking Logic: None -SOTF/TOR Mode: SOTF/TOR all zones -SOTF Delay: 110.0s -Z1Ext Fail: Disabled -WI Mode Status: Disabled -LoL Mode Status: Disabled Power Swing: -Delta R: 6 -Delta X: 6 -IN> status: Enabled -IN> (% Imax.): 40% -I2> status: Enabled -I2> (% Imax.): 30% -ImaxLine> status: Enabled -ImaxLine>: 4.0 x In (A) -Unblocking delay: 30 sec -Blocking zones: Select all Broken Conductor: -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled similar to settings of Line Bay E02 and E04 which was disabled as per wapda advise during commissioning at site) -I2/I1: 0.2 (N/A) -I2/I1 Time Delay: 60 s (N/A) -I2/I1 Trip: Enabled (N/A) Supervision: -VTS Time Delay: 5sec -VTS I2 & I0 Inhibit: 0.05 x In -Detect 3Pole: Enabled -Threshold 3Pole: 30V -Delta I>: 0.1 x In -CTS Status: Disabled -CVTS Status: Disabled Systemchecks: -Check Scheme for A/R: Select all -Check Scheme for ManCB: None -V<Dead Line: 13V -V>Live Line: 32V -V<Dead Bus: 13V -V>Live Bus: 32V -Diff Voltage: 5V -Diff Frequency: 0.05Hz -Diff Phase: 20 -Bus-Line Delay: 0.2 sec Autoreclose: -3P Trip Mode:3/3 -3P Dead Time1: 0.5sec -Reclaim Time: 180 sec -Close Pulse Time: 0.1sec -A/R Inhibit Wind: 5 sec -C/S 3P Rcl DT1: Enabled -Block A/R: Select all
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2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For Both Line Bays): MiCOM P122, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panels: =E07+R1 and =E09+R1 CT Ratio For Backup O/C Protection (Similar For Both Line Bays): 1200/1 Relay Settings (Similar For Both Line Bays): The time delayed overcurrent protection relay MiCOM P122 serves as backup protection and is delayed against the distance zone timers. Recommended phase overcurrent setting I>= 1.3 x In = 1560A (primary) Recommended earth fault setting Ie>= 0.07 x In = 84A (primary) (Note: WAPDA again revised in letter ref# GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 , earth fault setting as 120A for all other line bays and transformer bays, therefore recommended setting for earth fault is 120A.) Overcurrent operation time should be greater than zone-3 operation time (i.e. 700ms) of distance protection relay. For definite time o/c, the proposed setting is 800msec. (i.e 100ms is added to backup o/c time to coordinate with zone-3 operating time of 700ms). [50/51] Phase OC Setting: I> = YES I> = 1560/1200= 1.3 x In Delay Type = DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms I>> =Not Enable I>>>= Not Enable [50N/51N] E/Gnd OC Setting: le >=YES le >=120/1200=0.1 x In ( Revised as per Wapda recommendations for other line and trafo bays letter ref# GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29) Delay Type=DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms Ie>> =Not Enable Ie>>>= Not Enable
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3. Line Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For Both Line Bays): MiCOM P821, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panels: =E07+R1 and E09+R1 CT Ratio For CB Failure Protection (Similar For Both Line Bays): 1200/1 Relay Settings (Similar For Both Line Bays): CB FAIL FUNCT : YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection. CB FAIL PHASE: YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection by phase. I> BF: 0.5 x In Description: Select the phase current threshold. CB FAIL EARTH:YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection on earth. Ie> BF: 0.15 x In Description: Select the earth current threshold. Delay Stage1: 150 ms Description: Set the retrip delay. Delay Stage2: 280 ms Description: Set the general back-trip delay. External Reset: YES Description: Reset configuration of tBF1 after drop off of the external tripping.
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4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings:

Relay Type (Similar For Both Line Bays): KAVS100, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: =E07+R1, and =E09+R1 System Data (Similar For Both Line Bays): System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz Line VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Bus VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Relay Settings (Similar For Both Line Bays): Check Synchronism Settings (CSS) -CSS V.T. Ratio= 132000: 110 -CSS Phase Angle=20 -CSS Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS Synch. Timer=1 Second -CSS Split Angle=170 -CSS Split Timer=1 Second -CSS System Angle=20 -CSS System Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS System Timer=1 Second -CSS V.B/L Live= 32V -CSS V.B/L Dead= 13V -CSS Under voltage= 80V -CSS Diff. Voltage= 5V
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C.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Line Relay Panel for Line Bay E02 (132kV Badomali Line BDL-1).
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Relay Type: MiCOM P442, Make: AREVA Location: 132kV Relay Panel: = E02+R1 System Data: Transmission Line: 132kV Badomali BDL-1 System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz CT Ratio: 1200/1 VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Fault Levels at HUBCO Narowal: Max kA= 9.7, Min kA=7.1 Fault Levels at Badomali Grid Stn: Max kA=7.3, Min kA=4.3 Line Length: 11.7 KM on Lynx conductor Line Impedance: Positive Sequence ZL1 = (0.1583+j0.4004)Ohm/Km Zero Sequence ZL0 = (0.3246+j1.228)Ohm/Km Rated current carrying capacity of the line = 488A Opposite End Grid Station Shortest and Longest Lines Data: Shortest Line: 21Km, Lynx conductor (132kV Badho Mali to 132kV Narang) Longest Line: 21Km, Lynx conductor (132kV Badho Mali to 132kV Narang) T/L Conductor data at ambient temperature: Lynx conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: Rail conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: R1+jX1= 0.06+j0.3921 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.2461+j1.1248 Ohms/Km R1+jX1= 0.1583+j0.4004 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.3246+j1.228 Ohms/Km
Distance Zone Reach Calculation : The distance zone reach is determined according to the following principles: -Zone 1: 85% of impedance of protected line and trips independently with 0s delay. -Zone 2: Impedance of protected line + 50% of impedance of adjacent shortest T/L and trip delay time 350ms delay. -Zone 3: Impedance of protected line + 120% of impedance of adjacent longest T/L and trip delay time 700ms delay.
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1. Line Impedance:
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Ratio of secondary to primary impedance = (1200/1)/{(132000/1.732)/(110/1.732)}=1 Line impedance ZL1= 11.7 x (0.1583+j0.4004)= 1.8521+j4.6847 ZL1= 5.037<68.4 2. Zone 1 Reach : Zone 1 is set to 85% of the protected line impedance. Z1 = 0.85(1.8521+j4.6847) =1.5743+j3.9819 Z1 = 4.282<68.4 3. Zone 2 Reach : Zone 2 is set to 100% of protected line impedance + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest transmission line. Z2 = (1.8521+j4.6847)+0.5{21(0.1583+j0.4004)} =3.5142+j8.8889 Z2 = 9.558<68.4 4. Zone 3 Reach : Backup Zone 3 is set to 100% of the protected line impedance + 120% impedance of the adjacent longest transmission line. Z3 = (1.8521+j4.6847)+1.2{21(0.1583+j0.4004)}=5.8412+j14.7747 Z3 = 15.887<68.4 5. Residual Compensation for Earth Fault Elements: Residual Compensation, |kZ0| = (ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as ratio kZ0 Angle, <kZ0 = <((ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as degrees ZL0-ZL1 = (0.3246+j1.228) - (0.1583+j0.4004)= 0.844<78.638 kZ0 = (0.844<78.638)/(3 x 5.037<68.43) = 0.056<10.2 Therefore: kZ0 Res. Comp = 0.056 kZ0 Angle = <10.2 (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3) (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3)
6. Resistive Reach -Phase Fault Elements The P442 relay have quadrilateral distance elements, thus the resistive reach (RPh) is set independent of the impedance reach along the protected line. In general, RPh must be set greater than the maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated from van Warrington formula as follows: Ra = (28710 x L) / If = (28710 x 5) / (7100) = 0.58 = 0.6 RPh >=Ra Where: Ra = Arc resistance L = Maximum phase conductor separation, is assumed 5m. If = Minimum expected phase-phase fault current, is taken 7.1kA. The minimum load impedance can be calculated on the basis of the maximum permitted power flow over the protected line. The maximum power flow is calculated from the ampacity of the conductor of 488A at nominal
1.4 1.4
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system voltage of 132kV, which is 111.57 MVA. It is assumed, that the maximum power flow is transferred under worst condition at a minimum system voltage of 80%. Therefore the minimum load impedance is ZLoad(min)= (0.8 x 132kV)/111.57MVA=100 Typically, phase fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 40%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.6 x 100 =60 A setting between the calculated minimum and maximum should be applied for all zones. For best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of each zone would not normally be set greater than 10 times the corresponding zone reach. Therefore: Phase (RPh) Minimum 0.6 Maximum 60 Zone-1 20 Zone-2 30 Zone-3 45
8. Resistive Reach Calculation-Earth Fault Elements: Typically, Earth fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 20%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.8 x 100 = 80 Fault resistance would comprise arc resistance and tower footing resistance.A typical resistive reach coverage would be 40 on the primary side. In addition, for best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of any zone of the relay would not normally be greater than 10 times the corresponding earth loop reach. Therefore: Earth (RG) Relay Settings: Functions Configuration: -Setting Group: Select via menu -Active Settings: Group 1 -Setting Group 1: Enabled -Setting Group 2: Disabled -Setting Group 3: Disabled -Setting Group 4: Disabled -Distance: Enabled -Power Swing: Enabled -Back-up I>: Disabled -Neg. Sequence O/C: Disabled -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled as per wapda advise during commissioning at site ) -Earth Fault O/C: Disabled -Aided DEF: Disabled -Volt Protection: Disabled -CB Fail & I<: Disabled. -Supervision: Enabled -System Checks: Enabled -Internal A/R: Enabled -Setting values: Secondary Minimum 40 Maximum 80 Zone-1 30 Zone-2 40 Zone-3 60
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CT and VT Ratios: -Main VT Primary: 132kV -Main VT Secondary: 110V -C/S VT Primary: 132kV -C/S VT Secondary: 110V -Phase CT Primary: 1200A -Phase CT Secondary: 1A -MComp CT Primary: 1200A -MComp CT Secondary: 1A -C/S Input: A-B -Main VT Location: Line -CT Polarity: Standard or Inverse (To be set at site) CB Control: -CB Control by: Disabled -A/R Single Pole: Disabled -A/R Three Pole: Enabled OPTO Configuration: -Global Nominal Voltage: 110/125V -Opto Filter Cntl: Select All Distance Element: Line Setting: -Line Length: 11.7 km -Line Impedance: 5.037 -Line Angle: 68.4 Zone Setting: -Zone Status: 01010 -kZ1 Res Comp: 0.056 -kZ1 Angle: 10.2 -Z1: 4.282 -R1G:30 -R1Ph:20 -tZ1:0.0s -kZ2 Res Comp: 0.056 -kZ2: Angle: 10.2 -Z2: 9.558 -R2G: 40 -R2Ph: 30 -tZ2:350ms -kZ3/4 Res Comp: 0.056 -kZ3/4 Angle: 10.2 -Z3: 15.89 -R3G-R4G: 60 -R3Ph-R4Ph: 45 -tZ3:700ms Fault Locator: -kZm Mutual Comp: 0 -KZm Angle:0 Distance Schemes: -Program Mode: Standard Scheme -Standard Mode: PUP Z2 -Fault Type: Both Enabled. -Trip Mode: Force 3 poles
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-tReversal Guard: 20.0ms -Unblocking Logic: None -SOTF/TOR Mode: SOTF/TOR all zones -SOTF Delay: 110.0s -Z1Ext Fail: Disabled -WI Mode Status: Disabled -LoL Mode Status: Disabled Power Swing: -Delta R: 9 -Delta X: 9 -IN> status: Enabled -IN> (% Imax.): 40% -I2> status: Enabled -I2> (% Imax.): 30% -ImaxLine> status: Enabled -ImaxLine>: 4x In (A) -Unblocking delay: 30 sec -Blocking zones: Select all Broken Conductor: -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled as per wapda advise during commissioning at site ) -I2/I1: 0.2 (N/A) -I2/I1 Time Delay: 60 s (N/A) -I2/I1 Trip: Enabled (N/A) Supervision: -VTS Time Delay: 5sec -VTS I2 & I0 Inhibit: 0.05 x In -Detect 3Pole: Enabled -Threshold 3Pole: 30V -Delta I>: 0.1 x In -CTS Status: Disabled -CVTS Status: Disabled Systemchecks: -Check Scheme for A/R: Select all -Check Scheme for ManCB: None -V<Dead Line: 13V -V>Live Line: 32V -V<Dead Bus: 13V -V>Live Bus: 32V -Diff Voltage: 5V -Diff Frequency: 0.05Hz -Diff Phase: 20 -Bus-Line Delay: 0.2 sec Autoreclose: -3P Trip Mode:3/3 -3P Dead Time1: 0.5sec -Reclaim Time: 180 sec -Close Pulse Time: 0.1sec -A/R Inhibit Wind: 5 sec -C/S 3P Rcl DT1: Enabled -Block A/R: Select all
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Relay Type: MiCOM P122, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E02+R1 CT Ratio For Backup O/C Protection: 1200/1 Relay Settings: The time delayed overcurrent protection relay MiCOM P122 serves as backup protection and is delayed against the distance zone timers. Recommended phase overcurrent setting I>= 0.8 x In = 960A Recommended earth fault setting Ie>= 0.1 x In = 120 A Overcurrent operation time should be greater than zone-3 operation time (i.e. 700ms) of distance protection relay. For definite time o/c, the proposed setting is 800msec. (i.e 100ms is added to backup o/c time to coordinate with zone-3 operating time of 700ms). [50/51] Phase OC Setting: I> = YES I> = 960/1200= 0.8 x In (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06Delay Type = DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms I>> =Not Enable I>>>= Not Enable [50N/51N] E/Gnd OC Setting: le >=YES le >=120/1200=0.1 x In (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06Delay Type=DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms Ie>> =Not Enable Ie>>>= Not Enable
10-2010)
10-2010)
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Relay Type: MiCOM P821, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E02+R1 CT Ratio: 1200/1 Relay Settings: CB FAIL FUNCT : YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection. CB FAIL PHASE: YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection by phase. I> BF: 0.5 x In Description: Select the phase current threshold. CB FAIL EARTH:YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection on earth. Ie> BF: 0.15 x In Description: Select the earth current threshold. Delay Stage1: 150 ms Description: Set the retrip delay. Delay Stage2: 280 ms Description: Set the general back-trip delay. External Reset: YES Description: Reset configuration of tBF1 after drop off of the external tripping.
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Relay Type: KAVS100, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E02+R1 System Data: System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz Line VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Bus VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Relay Settings: Check Synchronism Settings (CSS) -CSS V.T. Ratio= 132000: 110 -CSS Phase Angle=20 -CSS Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS Synch. Timer=1 Second -CSS Split Angle=170 -CSS Split Timer=1 Second -CSS System Angle=20 -CSS System Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS System Timer=1 Second -CSS V.B/L Live= 32V -CSS V.B/L Dead= 13V -CSS Under voltage= 80V -CSS Diff. Voltage= 5V
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D.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Relay Panel for Line Bay E04(132kV NRW-1).
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Relay Type: MiCOM P442, Make: AREVA Location: 132kV Relay Panel: = E04+R1 System Data: Transmission Line: 132kV Narowal NRW-1 System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz CT Ratio: 1200/1 VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Fault Levels: At HUBCO Narowal: Max KA= 9.7, Min KA=7.1 At Narowal Grid Station: Max KA= 8.9, Min KA= 6.6 Line Length: 10.50 KM on Lynx conductor Line Impedance: Positive Sequence ZL1 = (0.1583+j0.4004)Ohm/Km Zero Sequence ZL0 = (0.3246+j1.228)Ohm/Km Rated current carrying capacity of the line = 488A Opposite End Grid Station Shortest and Longest Lines Data: Shortest Line: 10.422Km, Rail conductor (132kV HUBCO to 132kV Narowal) Longest Line: 36Km, Lynx conductor (132kV Narowal to 132kV Shakargarh) T/L Conductor data at ambient temperature: Lynx conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: Rail conductor: Positive Seq. Impedance: Zero Seq. Impedance: R1+jX1= 0.06+j0.3921 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.2461+j1.1248 Ohms/Km R1+jX1= 0.1583+j0.4004 Ohms/Km R0+jX0= 0.3246+j1.228 Ohms/Km
Distance Zone Reach Calculation : The distance zone reach is determined according to the following principles: -Zone 1: 85% of impedance of protected line and trips independently with 0s delay. -Zone 2: Impedance of protected line + 50% of impedance of adjacent shortest T/L and trip delay time 350ms delay. -Zone 3: Impedance of protected line + 120% of impedance of adjacent longest T/L and trip delay time 700ms delay.
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1. Line Impedance:
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Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Ratio of secondary to primary impedance = (1200/1)/{(132000/1.732)/(110/1.732)}=1 Line impedance ZL1= 10.500 x (0.1583+j0.4004)= 1.6621+j4.2042 ZL1= 4.521<68.4 2. Zone 1 Reach : Zone 1 is set to 85% of the protected line impedance. Z1 = 0.85 x (1.6621+j4.2042)=1.4127+j3.5735 Z1 = 3.843<68.4 3. Zone 2 Reach : Zone 2 is set to 100% of protected line impedance + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest transmission line. Z2 = (1.6621+j4.2042)+0.5{10.422(0.06+j0.3921)} = 1.9747+j6.2474 Z2 = 6.55<72.46 4. Zone 3 Reach : Backup Zone 3 is set to 100% of the protected line impedance + 120% impedance of the adjacent longest transmission line. Z3 = (1.6621+j4.2042)+1.2{36(0.1583+j0.4004)} = 8.5006+j21.5014 Z3 = 23.12<68.43 5. Residual Compensation for Earth Fault Elements: Residual Compensation, |kZ0| = (ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as ratio kZ0 Angle, <kZ0 = <((ZL0-ZL1)/ 3.ZL1 Set as degrees ZL0-ZL1 = (0.3246+j1.228) (0.1583+j0.4004) = 0.844<78.638 kZ0 = (0.844<78.638)/(3 x 4.521<68.43) = 0.062<10.2 Therefore: kZ0 Res. Comp = 0.062 kZ0 Angle = <10.2 (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3) (Set for kZ1, kZ2, kZ3)
6. Resistive Reach -Phase Fault Elements The P442 relay have quadrilateral distance elements, thus the resistive reach (RPh) is set independent of the impedance reach along the protected line. In general, RPh must be set greater than the maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated from van Warrington formula as follows: Ra = (28710 x L) / If 1.4 = (28710 x 5) / (7100) 1.4 = 0.58 = 0.6 RPh >=Ra Where: Ra = Arc resistance L = Maximum phase conductor separation, is assumed 5m. If = Minimum expected phase-phase fault current, is taken 7.1kA.
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The minimum load impedance can be calculated on the basis of the maximum permitted power flow over the protected line. The maximum power flow is calculated from the ampacity of the conductor of 488A at nominal system voltage of 132kV, which is 111.57 MVA. It is assumed, that the maximum power flow is transferred under worst condition at a minimum system voltage of 80%. Therefore the minimum load impedance is ZLoad(min)= (0.8 x 132kV)/111.57MVA=100 Typically, phase fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 40%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.6 x 100 =60 A setting between the calculated minimum and maximum should be applied for all zones. For best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of each zone would not normally be set greater than 10 times the corresponding zone reach. Therefore: Phase (RPh) Minimum 0.6 Maximum 60 Zone-1 20 Zone-2 30 Zone-3 45
8. Resistive Reach Calculation-Earth Fault Elements: Typically, Earth fault distance zones would avoid the minimum load impedance by a margin of >= 20%.This allows max phase resistive reach = 0.8 x 100 = 80 Fault resistance would comprise arc resistance and tower footing resistance.A typical resistive reach coverage would be 40 on the primary side. In addition, for best zone reach accuracy, the resistive reach of any zone of the relay would not normally be greater than 10 times the corresponding earth loop reach. Therefore: Earth (RG) Relay Settings: Functions Configuration: -Setting Group: Select via menu -Active Settings: Group 1 -Setting Group 1: Enabled -Setting Group 2: Disabled -Setting Group 3: Disabled -Setting Group 4: Disabled -Distance: Enabled -Power Swing: Enabled -Back-up I>: Disabled -Neg. Sequence O/C: Disabled -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled by wapda during commissioning ) -Earth Fault O/C: Disabled -Aided DEF: Disabled -Volt Protection: Disabled -CB Fail & I<: Disabled. -Supervision: Enabled -System Checks: Enabled -Internal A/R: Enabled -Setting values: Secondary Minimum 40 Maximum 80 Zone-1 30 Zone-2 40 Zone-3 60
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CT and VT Ratios: -Main VT Primary: 132kV -Main VT Secondary: 110V -C/S VT Primary: 132kV -C/S VT Secondary: 110V -Phase CT Primary: 1200A -Phase CT Secondary: 1A -MComp CT Primary: 1200A -MComp CT Secondary: 1A -C/S Input: A-B -Main VT Location: Line -CT Polarity: Standard or Inverse (To be set at site) CB Control: -CB Control by: Disabled -A/R Single Pole: Disabled -A/R Three Pole: Enabled OPTO Configuration: -Global Nominal Voltage: 110/125V -Opto Filter Cntl: Select All Distance Element: Line Setting: -Line Length: 10.50 km -Line Impedance: 4.521 -Line Angle: 68.4 Zone Setting: -Zone Status: 01010 -kZ1 Res Comp: 0.062 -kZ1 Angle: 10.2 -Z1: 3.843 -R1G:30 -R1Ph:20 -tZ1:0.0s -kZ2 Res Comp: 0.062 -kZ2: Angle: 10.2 -Z2: 6.55 -R2G: 40 -R2Ph: 30 -tZ2:350ms -kZ3/4 Res Comp: 0.062 -kZ3/4 Angle: 10.2 -Z3: 23.12 -R3G-R4G: 60 -R3Ph-R4Ph: 45 -tZ3:700ms Fault Locator: -kZm Mutual Comp: 0 -KZm Angle:0 Distance Schemes: -Program Mode: Standard Scheme -Standard Mode: PUP Z2 -Fault Type: Both Enabled. -Trip Mode: Force 3 poles
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-tReversal Guard: 20.0ms -Unblocking Logic: None -SOTF/TOR Mode: SOTF/TOR all zones -SOTF Delay: 110.0s -Z1Ext Fail: Disabled -WI Mode Status: Disabled -LoL Mode Status: Disabled Power Swing: -Delta R: 9 -Delta X: 9 -IN> status: Enabled -IN> (% Imax.): 40% -I2> status: Enabled -I2> (% Imax.): 30% -ImaxLine> status: Enabled -ImaxLine>: 4.0 x In (A) -Unblocking delay: 30 sec -Blocking zones: Select all Broken Conductor: -Broken Conductor: Disabled (This setting is disabled by wapda during commissioning ) -I2/I1: 0.2 (N/A) -I2/I1 Time Delay: 60 s (N/A) -I2/I1 Trip: Enabled (N/A) Supervision: -VTS Time Delay: 5sec -VTS I2 & I0 Inhibit: 0.05 x In -Detect 3Pole: Enabled -Threshold 3Pole: 30V -Delta I>: 0.1 x In -CTS Status: Disabled -CVTS Status: Disabled Systemchecks: -Check Scheme for A/R: Select all -Check Scheme for ManCB: None -V<Dead Line: 13V -V>Live Line: 32V -V<Dead Bus: 13V -V>Live Bus: 32V -Diff Voltage: 5V -Diff Frequency: 0.05Hz -Diff Phase: 20 -Bus-Line Delay: 0.2 sec Autoreclose: -3P Trip Mode:3/3 -3P Dead Time1: 0.5sec -Reclaim Time: 180 sec -Close Pulse Time: 0.1sec -A/R Inhibit Wind: 5 sec -C/S 3P Rcl DT1: Enabled -Block A/R: Select all
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Relay Type: MiCOM P122, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E04+R1 CT Ratio For Backup O/C Protection: 1200/1 Relay Settings: The time delayed overcurrent protection relay MiCOM P122 serves as backup protection and is delayed against the distance zone timers. Recommended phase overcurrent setting I>= 0.8 x In = 960A Recommended earth fault setting Ie>= 0.1 x In = 120A Overcurrent operation time should be greater than zone-3 operation time (i.e. 700ms) of distance protection relay. For definite time o/c, the proposed setting is 800msec. (i.e 100ms is added to backup o/c time to coordinate with zone-3 operating time of 700ms). [50/51] Phase OC Setting: I> = YES I> = 960/1200= 0.8 x In (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06Delay Type = DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms I>> =Not Enable I>>>= Not Enable [50N/51N] E/Gnd OC Setting: le >=YES le >=120/1200=0.1 x In (Revised setting as per WAPDA Lettter GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06Delay Type=DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 0.8s t Reset=60 ms Ie>> =Not Enable Ie>>>= Not Enable
10-2010)
10-2010)
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Relay Type: MiCOM P821, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E04+R1 CT Ratio: 1200/1 Relay Settings: CB FAIL FUNCT : YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection. CB FAIL PHASE: YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection by phase. I> BF: 0.5 x In Description: Select the phase current threshold. CB FAIL EARTH:YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection on earth. Ie> BF: 0.15 x In Description: Select the earth current threshold. Delay Stage1: 150 ms Description: Set the retrip delay. Delay Stage2: 280 ms Description: Set the general back-trip delay. External Reset: YES Description: Reset configuration of tBF1 after drop off of the external tripping.
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Relay Type: KAVS100, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Line Relay Panel: = E04+R1 System Data: System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz Line VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Bus VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Relay Settings: Check Synchronism Settings (CSS) -CSS V.T. Ratio= 132000: 110 -CSS Phase Angle=20 -CSS Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS Synch. Timer=1 Second -CSS Split Angle=170 -CSS Split Timer=1 Second -CSS System Angle=20 -CSS System Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS System Timer=1 Second -CSS V.B/L Live= 32V -CSS V.B/L Dead= 13V -CSS Under voltage= 80V -CSS Diff. Voltage= 5V
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E.
Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel for Buscoupler Bay E05.
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1. High Impedance Differential Protection of 132kV Busbar:

Relay Type: 3-Nos. MFAC34, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel: = E05+R1 System Data: System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz Busbar Current Rating: 1600A, 40kA/1sec Fault Levels at HUBCO Narowal: Max KA= 9.7, Min KA=7.1 CT ratios of all bays for Busbar Protection: 2400/1 CT secondary winding resistance: 14 Ohm
CT Knee Point Voltage: Approx. 800Volts CT Exciting current at 75Volt: Approx 3mA (approximated from curve) Cable size used for CT secondary circuit: 6mm2 Lead length: Approx 200M Lead resistance: 3.685 Ohm/Km = 0.737 Ohm Relay Settings: (Applicable For Discriminating Zone-1, Zone-2 and Check Zone Relay): MFAC34 is a voltage operated relay having seven equally spaced settings which may be selected by means of a plug bridge. The relay may be used for any type of high impedance circulating current protection. As per scheme, there are 2-discriminating zones for bus-1 and bus-2 and a check zone. Discriminating Feature: Relay voltage setting = (Fault current/CT Ratio ) x ( Rct + 2x Rlead) = {9.7kA / (2400/1)} x (14 + 2 x 0.737) = 62.54Volts The relay plug setting voltage VR must be set to the nearest tap above this value. The available tap is 75 volt. Therefore: VR= 75 volts Knee point voltage of the current transformers should not be less than twice the relay setting voltage. VK 2 VR
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VK VK 2 x 75 150 volts
HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Therefore current transformers VK of approx. 800 volts is OK. The primary current for relay operation is given by: Ip = CT Ratio (IRelay + n IE ) Where, n = max. number of current transformers in parallel with the relay = 9 IE = ct exciting current at relay setting voltage = approx 3mA at 75volts Therefore: Ip = 2400 ( 0.019 + 9 x 0.003) Ip = 110 Amps It is desirable that the primary effective setting should not exceed 30% of the minimum fault current i.e. 30% of 7.1KA= 2130Amps. Where 30% of the minimum fault current is more than the full load current of the largest circuit, the primary operating current should be made more than the full load current i.e 130% of the full load current. Taking full load current of single 70MVA transformer =306 Amps The primary operating current = 1.3 x 306 = 398 Amps Since the resultant value of Ip=110 Amps is too low, it may be increased by the addition of a shunt resistor RSH to give a current of Taking: RSH = 625 ISH = VR / RSH = 75 volts/625 = 0.12 Amps
Therefore the new increased value of primary current: Ip = CT Ratio (IRelay + n IE + ISH) Ip = 2400 {0.019 + 9(0.003) + 0.12}=398 Amps Each MFAC relay is applied with an external metrosil which must be wired across the relay circuit. This provides a shunt circuit for high internal fault currents and prevents a high voltage being developed across the CT and relay circuits.
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Check Feature: Relay setting Voltage VR= 75 volts No. of ct circuits = 8 Relay Current IRelay = 19mA
HNP
Switch-Yard-System
Status: 2011-02-25
Therefore Primary Operating Current = Ip = 2400 ( 0.019 + 8 x 0.003) = 103A As the difference in number of parallel circuit for check and discrimination zone is not significant, therefore same value of RSH = 625 is taken for increased operating value of primary current. RSH = 625
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2. Supervision Relay For High Impedance Type Busbar Protection Scheme

Relay Type: MVTP31, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel: = E05+R1 Relay Settings: (Applicable For Discriminating Zone-1 and Zone-2 MVTP31 Relays): The MVTP31 provides continuous supervision of buswires in high impedance type busbar protection schemes. Open circuit connections between CTs and relay circuit result in unbalance currents which may operate the protection. Supervision is applied by a voltage relay across differential relay circuit. MVTP relays have setting rang 1-16V, in one volt steps, and a fixed operating time of 3-seconds. Voltage setting of Supervision Relay VSP= I x {(R x Zm)/(R + Zm)} Where, I= Supervision Operating Current R= Resistance of High Impedance Relay Zm= Parallel impedance of CT magnetizing impedances assuming 1 CT is open circuit. Whenever possible, the supervision primary operating current should not be more than 25Amps primary or 10% of the smallest circuit, whichever is greater. Assuming I = 25A At 75 volt, the magnetizing current of ct is approx. = 3mA. Assuming one ct is open circuit out of 9, the magnetizing impedance will be: ... Zm= (75/0.003)/8= 25000 /8= 3125
At 75 volt setting, relay operating current is 19mA. ... R= 75/.019= 3947 Hence, VSP= I x {(R x Zm)/(R + Zm)} = (25/2400) x {(3947 x 3125)/(3947+3125)} = 18 volt As the maximum available setting is 16volt, therefore: Voltage Setting of Supervision Relay VSP= 16 Volt. Operating current at 16 volt will be, I= 16/{(3947 x 3125)/(3947+3125)} x 2400 I= 22 amps primary
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3. Buscoupler Overcurrent Protection Settings:

Relay Type: MiCOM P122, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel: = E05+R1 CT Ratio: 1200/1 Relay Settings: Recommended setting for I> = 1.6 x In = 1920A Recommended setting for Ie> = 0.075 x In = 90A A 150ms delay at maximum current should be allowed for an instantaneous line protective relay to actuate and a line circuit breaker to trip and to allow margin for uncertainty. Therefore the proposed setting for time delay is: tI> = 800ms +150ms = 950ms [50/51] Phase OC Setting: I> = YES I> = 1920/1200 = 1.6 x In ( This setting is in accordance with WAPDA letter ref. GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/7208
Dated 31-05-2010. It was mistakenly wrongly typed in revision-1 and has been corrected now in rev-2.)
31-05-2010. It was mistakenly wrongly typed in revision-1 and has been corrected now in rev-2.)
t Reset=60 ms I>> =Not Enable I>>>= Not Enable
Delay Type = DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 950ms ( This setting is in accordance with WAPDA letter ref. GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/7208 Dated
Dated 31-05-2010. It was mistakenly wrongly typed in revision-1 and has been corrected now in rev-2.)
[50N/51N] E/Gnd OC Setting: le >=YES le >=90/1200=0.075 x In ( This setting is in accordance with WAPDA letter ref. GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/7208 Delay Type=DMT Curve = DT Time Delay= 950ms ( This setting is in accordance with WAPDA letter ref. GM(WPPO)/CE-IV/7208 Dated
31-05-2010. It was mistakenly wrongly typed in revision-1 and has been corrected now in rev-2.)
t Reset=60 ms Ie>> =Not Enable Ie>>>= Not Enable
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4. Buscoupler Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

Relay Type: MiCOM P821, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Buscoupler Relay Control Panel: =E05+R1 CT Ratio: 1200/1 Relay Settings: CB FAIL FUNCT : YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection. CB FAIL PHASE: YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection by phase. I> BF: 0.5 x In Description: Select the phase current threshold. CB FAIL EARTH:YES Description: Enable/Disable the Circuit Breaker Failure protection on earth. Ie> BF: 0.15 x In Description: Select the earth current threshold. Delay Stage1: 150 ms Description: Set the retrip delay. Delay Stage2: 280 ms Description: Set the general back-trip delay. External Reset: YES Description: Reset configuration of tBF1 after drop off of the external tripping.
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5. Buscoupler Synchronism Check Relay Settings:

Relay Type: KAVS100, Make: Areva Location: 132kV Buscoupler Relay Control Panel: = E05+R1 System Data: System Voltage: 132kV, 50Hz Line VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Bus VT Ratio: (132kV/1.732)/(110V/1.732) Relay Settings: Check Synchronism Settings (CSS) -CSS V.T. Ratio= 132000: 110 -CSS Phase Angle=20 -CSS Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS Synch. Timer=1 Second -CSS Split Angle=170 -CSS Split Timer=1 Second -CSS System Angle=20 -CSS System Slip Freq.= 50mHz -CSS System Timer=1 Second -CSS V.B/L Live= 32V -CSS V.B/L Dead= 13V -CSS Under voltage= 80V -CSS Diff. Voltage= 5V
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F.
WAPDA reference letters about relay settings recommendation.
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1. Letter No. GM(WPPO) CE-IV/7208 Dated 31-05-2010
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HUBCO P60110-E-PRSC-001 2.
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Letter No. GM(WPPO) CE-IV/13827-29 Dated 06-10-2010
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HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation Rev-4

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HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation Rev-4

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HUBCO P60110-E-PRSC-001

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

Prepared by: AREVA Date:

Reviewed by: MAN Diesel & Turbo Date:

Approved by: Owner Date:

Confirmed by: WAPDA Date:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

Protection Relays Setting on 132kV Buscoupler Relay Panel (Bay E05)

WAPDA reference letters about relay settings recommendation.

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

1. Transformer Differential Protection Relay:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

2. Transformer Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

3. Transformer Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

1. Line Distance Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

3. Line Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

1. Line Distance Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

3. Line Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

4. Line Synchronism Check Relay Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

1. Line Distance Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

2. Line Backup Overcurrent Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation

3. Line Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Settings:

HV Protection Relays Setting Calculation