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Contrastive Analysis & Error Analysis

CA of Some Selected Features of English and Persian 2.4 Contrastive Analysis of Lexis

Category 1 C t
Words that are similar or identical in meaning in English and Persian, but are different in form. Cat mouse Wall chair

Category 2 C t
For one lexical item in the target language there are two or more equivalents in the source language which is called convergence.
cousin

Pesar amu

Dokhtar amu

Pesar dayee y

Dokhtar dayee y

Pesar amme

Dokhtar amme

Pesar khale

Dokhtar khale

Category 3 C t
For one lexical item in the source language there are two or more items in the target language. this is reverse of category 2 and is called divergence or lexical split. 1.simple : One lexical item in LA = two p equivalents in LB . PA
Foot Leg

2.Multiple : p One lexical item in LA = three or more equivalents in LB .

Bozorg

Big

Large

Grown up

Great

Major

Category 4 Cognates :Words which are similar in form and meaning g g in both languages. Brother Mother M th Father Door

Category 5 C t
Deceptive Cognates or false friends : Similar in pronunciation but may be only partially similar in meaning or may have quite different meanings meanings. Machine Cigar Ci Car

2.5 2 5 contrastive pragmatics t ti ti


How different languages express the same communicative functions, for example how , p the two languages handle language functions, such as request, compliment, , q , p , apology and the like, which is kind of analysis is called contrastive analysis. y y

Transfer : T f
Transfer of pragmatic features are more important than the transfer of g p grammatical or lexical items of the learners mother tongue. g Leech (1990) : The transfer of the norms of one community to another one may one, lead to pragmatic failure.

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